By using all OR ANY PART of this HED file you MUST follow our license at https://github.com/DYVAUX/nnsvs-english-support/blob/main/LICENSE.md This includes using parts of our work in yours. If you have questions about the license please contact us. We should not have to include this notice in our files but bad actors had forced our hand.
This is a list of the currently supported phonemes, examples, and other various notes.
This phoneme set covers all English phonetic sounds across ALL dialects, utilizing NNSVS's phoneme context. No new phonemes will be added as they will not improve the phoneme set or model capability regardless of dialect.
| phoneme | US Example | UK Example | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| ah | hUt | # | 'uh' sound. |
| aa | clOck | fAther, plOt | open ah. |
| ao | bOUght, stORy | nAUght, cORe | un/rounded aw. **US English uses unrounded by itself but rounded for rhotic. It's fine. |
| ae | bAt | bAth, bAt | "at" sound for US. Contextual "ah/ae" for UK and similar. |
| ax | commA, parrOt | # | schwa. |
| iy | bEAt,petIt | # | |
| ih | sIt | # | |
| uh | bOOk, nOOk | # | |
| uw | bOOt, sUIt | # | |
| eh | bEt, plEthera | # | |
| er | bIRd, nERd | bIRd |
| phoneme | US Example | UK Example | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| ay | bIte | # | |
| a | (optional) | # | Stylistic dropping of diphthong ending. Completely unnecessary and handled contextually. |
| ey | bAIt | # | |
| e | (optional) | # | Stylistic dropping of diphthong ending. Completely unnecessary and handled contextually. |
| oy | bOY | # | |
| aw | plOW, abOUt | # | |
| ow | bOAT | # | |
| o | (optional) | # | Stylistic dropping of diphthong ending. Completely unnecessary and handled contextually. |
Voice and unvoiced equivalents are paired (ex: k/g, t/d)
| phoneme | US Example | UK Example | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| p | PoP | # | |
| b | BoB | # | |
| t | TaT | # | |
| d | DaD | # | |
| k | CaKE | # | |
| g | GaG | # | |
| s | SaS | # | |
| z | ZooS | # | |
| ch | CHurCH | # | |
| jh | JuDGE | # | Makes 'dg' sound for end of words. like [d][zh] or /dZ/ in xsampa. |
| sh | Ship, puSH | # | |
| zh | pleaSure | # | The 'judge' example is [j ah d zh], not [j ah zh]. To avoid any confusion. |
| f | FlooF | # | |
| v | Verge, nerVe | # | |
| hh | Happy | Herb | syllable onset only. Use [exh] for end-of-note exhales. |
| th | THin, myTH | # | |
| dh | THis, widTH | # | |
| n | NaNNy, paN | # | |
| m | MoM, MoMent | # | |
| ng | baNG, suNG | # | |
| w | Wisp | # | syllable onset only. |
| y | Yes | # | syllable onset only. |
| r | Road, caR | caR | rhotic shares same phoneme. It's fine. UK dropped r as well. |
| l | List, caLL | # | dark L shares same phoneme. It's fine. |
| q | we-eat batten | bottom | glottal stop and vowel separator. NOT vocal fry. |
| dx | buTTer | shuTup | tapped/flapped d/tt. Use in UK English is spotty. |
Consonants that have a vowel-like quality in terms of sustain. Technically optional.
| phoneme | US Example | UK Example | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| el | peopLE, doubLE | vowellike l, where l makes most of the syllable, otherwise [ax l] | |
| em | bottOM | vowellike m, where m makes most of the syllable, otherwise [ax m] | |
| en | buttON | vowellike n, where n makes most of the syllable, otherwise [ax n] | |
| eng | sINGING, learnING | REMOVED IN v0.3.1 DUE TO BEING COMPLETELY USELESS. USE [ih][ng] INSTEAD |
| phoneme | Description |
|---|---|
| rr | Trilled r (like in spanish) |
| rx | Fricative r (like in german or french) |
| x | Voiceless velar fricative. Scottish/Welsh specific. |
Phonemes that aren't strictly vocal sounds but are useful in one way of another
| phoneme | Example | Description |
|---|---|---|
| pau | silence | During unsung/silent periods. |
| br | [breath] | REMOVED IN v0.7.0 DUE TO MODEL INSTABILITY |
| exh | [exhale] | end breaths, end of phrase exhale. devoiced. Label consonant coda. |
| axh | [release] | voiced variation of [exh]. voiced schwa exhale/release. Label as consonant coda. |
| ct | [closure-toggle] | override the default state of a consonant's closure. Entirely optional. |
| cl | [held stop] | Held stop/plosive consonant. For when the silence is held. Similar to Japanese usage but not syllabic. |
| vf | [vocal fry] | vocal fry. Can be used as a consonant OR on it's own note. |