diff --git a/iree/turbine/kernel/wave/cache.py b/iree/turbine/kernel/wave/cache.py
index aaa50dde..4dcfe8e6 100644
--- a/iree/turbine/kernel/wave/cache.py
+++ b/iree/turbine/kernel/wave/cache.py
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
 import os
 import shutil
 import torch
+import threading
 
 from collections import OrderedDict
 from dataclasses import dataclass
@@ -88,6 +89,7 @@ class WaveCacheManager(object):
     def __init__(self):
         self.file_cache: set[str] = set()
         self.session_cache: OrderedDict[str, WaveCache] = OrderedDict()
+        self.lock = threading.Lock()
         self.update_file_cache()
 
     def get_hash(
@@ -206,10 +208,11 @@ def store_kernel(
         """
         if not WAVE_CACHE_ON or not kernel_hash:
             return
-        self.store_kernel_to_file(kernel_hash, vmfb, kernel_sig, module_str)
-        self.store_kernel_to_session(
-            kernel_hash, WaveCache(kernel_hash, kernel_sig, vmfb)
-        )
+        with self.lock:
+            self.store_kernel_to_file(kernel_hash, vmfb, kernel_sig, module_str)
+            self.store_kernel_to_session(
+                kernel_hash, WaveCache(kernel_hash, kernel_sig, vmfb)
+            )
 
     def load_kernel(self, kernel_hash: str):
         """
@@ -220,12 +223,13 @@ def load_kernel(self, kernel_hash: str):
         """
         if WAVE_ALWAYS_COMPILE or not kernel_hash or not WAVE_CACHE_ON:
             return None
-        if kernel_hash in self.session_cache:
-            self.session_cache.move_to_end(kernel_hash)
-        elif kernel_hash in self.file_cache:
-            cached_kernel = self.load_kernel_from_file(kernel_hash)
-            self.store_kernel_to_session(kernel_hash, cached_kernel)
-        return self.session_cache.get(kernel_hash, None)
+        with self.lock:
+            if kernel_hash in self.session_cache:
+                self.session_cache.move_to_end(kernel_hash)
+            elif kernel_hash in self.file_cache:
+                cached_kernel = self.load_kernel_from_file(kernel_hash)
+                self.store_kernel_to_session(kernel_hash, cached_kernel)
+            return self.session_cache.get(kernel_hash, None)
 
 
 def get_cache_manager() -> WaveCacheManager: