The Sudo fonts are not part of the official Debian distribution. But you can use my private apt repository to install and update the Sudo fonts.
The repo ist hosted at https://www.kutilek.de/apt/.
Add the GPG public key of the repo to be able to check the signatures:
wget -O- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/jenskutilek/sudo-font/master/fonts-sudo-archive-keyring.gpg | gpg --dearmor | sudo tee /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/fonts-sudo-archive-keyring.gpg > /dev/null
Add the appropriate line to your apt sources by running this command:
echo "deb [arch=all] https://www.kutilek.de/apt stable main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/fonts-sudo.list
Then you can install the package:
sudo apt update
sudo apt install fonts-sudo