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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=UA-2320532-12"></script>
<script>
window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];
function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);}
gtag('js', new Date());
gtag('config', 'UA-2320532-12');
</script>
<title>Wealth, shown to scale</title>
<meta name="description" content="Inequality in the United States is out of control. Here we visualize the issue in a unique way." />
<meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image">
<meta name="twitter:site" content="@mkorostoff">
<meta name="twitter:creator" content="@mkorostoff">
<meta name="twitter:title" content="Wealth, shown to scale">
<meta name="twitter:description" content="Inequality in the United States is out of control. Here we visualize the issue in a unique way.">
<meta name="twitter:image" content="https://mkorostoff.github.io/1-pixel-wealth/img/off-the-chart.png">
<meta property="og:title" content="Wealth, shown to scale" />
<meta property="og:type" content="website" />
<meta property="og:description" content="Wealth inequality in the United States is out of control. Here we visualize the issue in a unique way." />
<meta property="og:image" content="https://mkorostoff.github.io/1-pixel-wealth/img/off-the-chart.png" />
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="main.css?version=1.0">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1" />
</head>
<body>
<div class="wealth-wrapper-outer">
<div class=wealth-row wealth-row-one>
<div class="title-screen">
<h1>Wealth shown to scale</h1>
<div class="scroll-this-way">scroll</div>
</div>
<div class="wealth-wrapper">
<h2 class="wealth-title">$1,000</h2>
<div class="wealth one-thousand"></div>
<div class="arrow">
<svg viewBox="668 -8 14 70" width="14" height="70">
<path d="M 676.4207 61.25 L 673.2793 61.25 L 673.2793 6.822266 L 668.6 6.822266 L 674.85 -7.8 L 681.1 6.822266 L 676.4207 6.822266 Z" fill="#ccc"/>
</svg>
</div>
</div>
<div class="wealth-wrapper median">
<h2 class="wealth-title">$63,179 (Median US household income)</h2>
<div class="wealth"></div>
</div>
<div class="wealth-wrapper million">
<h2 class="wealth-title">$1 million</h2>
<div class="wealth"></div>
</div>
<div class="wealth-wrapper billion">
<div class="wealth">
<h2 class="wealth-title">$1 billion</h2>
</div>
</div>
<div name="bezos" class="wealth-wrapper bezos">
<div id="bezos" class="wealth ruler">
<h2 class="wealth-title">$139 billion (wealth of Jeff Bezos)</h2>
<div class="counter" id="bezos-counter"></div>
<div class="key">
<span>$80 million</span>
</div>
<div class="text-infobox infobox first">
<div class="title">Jeff is so wealthy, that it is quite literally unimaginable.</div>
</div>
<div class="text-infobox infobox">
<div class="title">We rarely see wealth inequality represented to scale. This is part of the reason Americans <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26162108" target="_blank">consistently under-estimate</a> the relative wealth of the super rich.</div>
</div>
<div class="five-pixels text-infobox infobox-half infobox">
<div class="title">Every 10 pixels you scroll is $5 million.</div>
</div>
<div class="coming-up text-infobox infobox">
<div class="title">OK, we're coming up on the end now.</div>
</div>
<div class="text-infobox infobox">
<div id="bezos-counter-start" class="title">
<p>Lol, just kidding, we're about ⅓ of the way. Keep scrolling though, there's more to see.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="text-infobox infobox infobox-half">
<div class="title">Let's put this wealth in perspective by comparing it to some familiar things.</div>
</div>
<div class="infobox infobox-half lifetime">
<div class="title-square-wrapper">
<div class="title">All the money you will ever earn in your entire life from the day you are born until the day you die (about $1.7 million)</div>
<div class="square"></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="infobox infobox-half healthcare">
<div class="title-square-wrapper">
<div class="title">Annual cost of health care for a family of four</div>
<div class="square"></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="infobox infobox-half amazon-year">
<div class="title-square-wrapper">
<div class="title">Annual pay of amazon warehouse worker.</div>
<div class="square"></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="infobox infobox-half year-veteran">
<div class="square shadow">
<div class="title">Annual cost to house every single homeless veteran.</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="infobox infobox-half year-chemo">
<div class="square shadow">
<div class="title">Annual cost of chemotherapy for all cancer patients ($9 billion)</div>
<div class="midtext-wrapper">
<div class="midtext">In 2018, Jeff Bezos made $9 billion in about 40 days.</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="infobox infobox-half text-infobox">
<div class="title">
<p>Even the fortunes of very rich people are dwarfed by the incomprehensible wealth of the 0.0001%.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="infobox infobox-quarter celebrities">
<div class="column-infobox">
<div class="sub-infobox goldman">
<div class="title">Wealth of Goldman Sachs CEO David Solomon ($50 million)</div>
<div class="square shadow"></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sub-infobox beyonce">
<div class="title">Wealth of Beyoncé ($400 million)</div>
<div class="square shadow"></div>
</div>
<div class="sub-infobox tim-cook">
<div class="title">Wealth of Apple CEO Tim Cook ($625 million)</div>
<div class="square shadow"></div>
</div>
<div class="column-infobox">
<div class="sub-infobox doctor small">
<div class="title">Lifetime earnings of a doctor, on average ($6.7 million)</div>
<div class="square shadow"></div>
</div>
<div class="sub-infobox lawyer small">
<div class="title">Lifetime earnings of a lawyer, on average ($4 million)</div>
<div class="square shadow"></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sub-infobox hedgefund">
<div class="title">Lifetime earnings of a hedge fund manager, on average ($84 million)</div>
<div class="square shadow"></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="infobox infobox-close text-infobox">
<div class="title">
<p>These people may see themselves as fabulously rich, and often oppose policies aimed at reducing inequality.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="infobox infobox-close text-infobox">
<div class="title">
<p>But many have not fully grasped the enormous gulf between themselves and the super rich.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div id="line-chart" class="infobox infobox-quarter line-chart">
<div class="chart-outer">
<div class="chart-inner">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xl="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="1.1" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" viewBox="150 276 696 152" width="100%" height="100%">
<defs>
<font-face font-family="Arial" font-size="16" panose-1="2 11 6 4 2 2 2 2 2 4" units-per-em="1000" underline-position="-105.95703" underline-thickness="73.24219" slope="0" x-height="518.5547" cap-height="716.3086" ascent="905.2734" descent="-211.91406" font-weight="400">
<font-face-src>
<font-face-name name="ArialMT"/>
</font-face-src>
</font-face>
<font-face font-family="Arial" font-size="12" panose-1="2 11 6 4 2 2 2 2 2 4" units-per-em="1000" underline-position="-105.95703" underline-thickness="73.24219" slope="0" x-height="518.5547" cap-height="716.3086" ascent="905.2734" descent="-211.91406" font-weight="400">
<font-face-src>
<font-face-name name="ArialMT"/>
</font-face-src>
</font-face>
<font-face font-family="Arial" font-size="16" panose-1="2 11 6 4 2 2 2 9 2 4" units-per-em="1000" underline-position="-105.95703" underline-thickness="73.24219" slope="-750" x-height="518.5547" cap-height="715.8203" ascent="905.2734" descent="-211.91406" font-style="italic" font-weight="400">
<font-face-src>
<font-face-name name="Arial-ItalicMT"/>
</font-face-src>
</font-face>
</defs>
<metadata>
<dc:date></dc:date>
</metadata>
<g id="Canvas_1" stroke-opacity="1" fill="none" fill-opacity="1" stroke-dasharray="none" stroke="none">
<title>Canvas 1</title>
<g id="Canvas_1: Layer 1">
<title>Layer 1</title>
<g id="Graphic_3">
<text class="desktop-zuck" transform="translate(715.2031 353.7383)" fill="black">
<tspan font-family="Arial" font-size="16" font-weight="400" fill="black" x="2.2226562" y="14">Mark Zuckerberg </tspan>
<tspan class="zuck-wealth" font-family="Arial" font-size="12" font-weight="400" fill="black" x="26.663086" y="28.523438">($82 billion)</tspan>
</text>
<text class="mobile-zuck" transform="translate(668 353.7383)" fill="black">
<tspan class="zuck-name" font-family="Arial" font-size="16" font-weight="400" fill="black" x="55.36719" y="14">Mark </tspan>
<tspan class="zuck-name" font-family="Arial" font-size="16" font-weight="400" fill="black" x="12" y="41.523438">Zuckerberg </tspan>
<tspan class="zuck-wealth" font-family="Arial" font-size="12" font-weight="400" fill="black" x="21.880859" y="67.046875">($82 billion)</tspan>
</text>
</g>
<g id="Graphic_5">
<text class="zero-outer" transform="translate(173 353.7383)" fill="black">
<tspan class="zero" font-family="Arial" font-size="16" font-weight="400" fill="black" x="0" y="14">$0</tspan>
</text>
</g>
<g id="Graphic_9">
<text transform="translate(155 281.5)" fill="black">
<tspan class="two-hundred-million" font-family="Arial" font-size="16" font-weight="400" fill="black" x="0" y="14">$200 million</tspan>
</text>
</g>
<g id="Line_10">
<line x1="197.73068" y1="304.02344" x2="197.8919" y2="360.51144" stroke="black" stroke-linecap="square" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width=".25"/>
</g>
<g id="Line_2">
<line x1="203" y1="362" x2="703" y2="362" stroke="black" stroke-linecap="square" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="13"/>
</g>
</g>
</g>
</svg>
</div>
<div id="ok-zoomer">
<a class="zoom-in" onclick="toggleZoom()" href="javascript:;">Zoom In</a>
<a class="zoom-out" onclick="toggleZoom()" href="javascript:;">Zoom Out</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="infobox infobox-close text-infobox">
<div class="title">
<p>We can have a world in which wealthy people exist, without handing <a href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/2018/01/22/vast-majority-new-wealth-last-year-went-top-1/1051947001/" target="_blank">nearly all money</a> to the super rich.
</div>
</div>
<div class="infobox infobox text-infobox no-single-human">
<div class="title">
<p>No single human needs or deserves this much wealth.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="four-hundred" class="wealth-wrapper four-hundred">
<div class="wealth ruler">
<h2 class="wealth-title">400 richest Americans ($2.96 trillion)</h2>
<div class="counter" id="four-hundred-counter"></div>
<div class="key">
<span>$80 million</span>
</div>
<div class="infobox infobox text-infobox intro">
<div class="title">
Jeff Bezos may be insanely rich, but it is a drop in the ocean compared to the combined wealth of his peers. The 400 richest Americans own about $3 trillion, which is more than the bottom 60% of Americans.
</div>
</div>
<div id="four-hundred-counter-start" class="people-wrapper-outer four-hundred-people infobox infobox-close">
<div class="people-wrapper center-sticky">
<div class="people">
<div class="people-label bubble">400 people</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="people-wrapper-outer sixty-percent-people infobox infobox-close">
<div id="sixty-percent" class="people-wrapper center-sticky">
<div class="people-label bubble">Bottom 60% <div class="people-sub-label">(Scroll Down)</div></div>
<div id="sixty-percent-indicator" class="percent">0.0%</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="infobox infobox text-infobox intro">
<div class="title">
<p>A trillion dollars is such a large figure, that you might as well say "eleventy gajillion zillion dollars." So in this section, we will try to understand the scale of this figure by looking at what could be accomplished with various chunks of this wealth.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="infobox text-infobox infobox-close">
<div class="title">
<p>As we proceed, try to keep in mind: all of this wealth is controlled by a group so small, that they could fit on a single 747 airplane—with 260 seats left over.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="plane-wrapper-outer infobox infobox-close">
<div class="plane-wrapper center-sticky">
<div class="plane">
<img src="img/plane.png" />
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="infobox text-infobox infobox-half">
<h2 class="title what-could-we-do">What could we do with 3% of this money?</h2>
</div>
<div class="infobox infobox-quarter flex">
<div class="piechart three-percent">
<svg class="piechart-outer" viewBox="0 0 32 32">
<circle class="piechart-inner" r="16" cx="16" cy="16" />
</svg>
<span class="label">3%</span>
<div class="dotted-line"></div>
<div class="description">
<h2>Test Every American for Coronavirus</h2>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="infobox text-infobox infobox-close">
<div class="title">
<p>As of this writing, testing in the United States falls far short of what is needed to re-open the economy. By some estimates, sufficiently ramping up testing to around 30 million tests per week would cost around <a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2020/04/21/coronavirus-tests-rockefeller-plan-would-screen-millions-for-covid-19.html" target="_blank">$100 billion total</a>, or about 3% of the wealth currently controlled by the 400 richest Americans.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="infobox infobox-quarter flex">
<div class="piechart three-percent">
<svg class="piechart-outer" viewBox="0 0 32 32">
<circle class="piechart-inner" r="16" cx="16" cy="16" />
</svg>
<span class="label">3%</span>
<div class="dotted-line"></div>
<div class="description">
<h2>Permanently Eradicate Malaria</h2>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="infobox text-infobox infobox-close">
<div class="title">
<p>Malaria is one of the worst infectious diseases ever visited on mankind, possibly killing more people than any other infectious disease in history. In the 20th century alone, malaria killed more people than the Black Death.</p>
<p>Coronavirus has shown us all the horrors of living with a deadly disease. Sadly, for much of the world, this horror was a constant feature of daily life even before coronavirus.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="infobox infobox-quarter">
<div class="infectious">
<div class="corona-bar">
<div class="square shadow">
<div class="title">COVID-19 deaths January to April 2020 <br>(About 200,000)</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="malaria-bar">
<div class="square shadow">
<div class="title">Malaria deaths January to April 2020<br> (about 135,000).</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="ebola-bar"><div class="title">Ebola deaths in <strong>all of human history</strong> combined (about 15,000)</div>
<div class="square shadow"></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="infobox text-infobox infobox-close">
<div class="title">
These figures are even more shocking when you learn that malaria overwhelmingly kills children; around two-thirds of malaria deaths each year are children under five. That's around 285,000 children.
</div>
</div>
<div class="infobox infobox-close malaria flex">
<div id="babies-wrapper" class="babies-wrapper center-sticky">
<div id="babies" class="babies">
<div class="scroll-indicator bubble">Children under five killed by malaria each year <div class="people-sub-label">(Scroll Down)</div></div>
<span id="baby-counter" class="baby-counter bubble">10</span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="infobox text-infobox infobox-close">
<div class="title">
<p><em>All</em> of these deaths are preventable. Treating and preventing malaria is a well understood science, universally practiced in the developed world.</p>
<p><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25551454" target="_blank">It is estimated</a> that malaria could be globally eradicated by 2030 for a cost around $1.84 per at-risk person per year, or around $100 billion total. This would be around 3% of the wealth currently possessed by the 400 richest Americans.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="infobox text-infobox infobox-close">
<div class="title">
<p>Around 800 children will die of malaria today. A small group of super rich people could stop it for a sum of money so small that they would likely never even notice its absence. But they choose not to.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="infobox text-infobox infobox-half">
<h2 class="title what-could-we-do">What could we do with 5% of this money?</h2>
</div>
<div class="infobox infobox-quarter flex">
<div class="piechart five-percent">
<svg class="piechart-outer" viewBox="0 0 32 32">
<circle class="piechart-inner" r="16" cx="16" cy="16" />
</svg>
<span class="label">5.1%</span>
<div class="dotted-line"></div>
<div class="description">
<h2>Provide $1,200 to every American household.</h2>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="infobox text-infobox infobox-close">
<div class="title">
<p>The recent coronavirus stimulus was the largest ever passed by congress. It was financed entirely through deficit spending, which will be repaid by taxpayers for generations. The burden of repaying this debt could be erased in an instant with a tax on the super rich so small that they would not even feel it.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="infobox text-infobox infobox-close">
<div class="title">
<p>The wealth of 400 Americans could have financed the entire CARES act, including the corporate bailouts, expanded unemployment, and expanded testing—with nearly a trillion dollars left over.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="infobox infobox-close cares">
<div class="chart">
<img src="img/cares.svg">
</div>
</div>
<div class="infobox text-infobox infobox-close">
<div class="title">
<p>Instead, the American tax payer will be stuck with the bill.</p>
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<span class="label">5.7%</span>
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<h2>Lift every American out of poverty.</h2>
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As of 2019, around 38 million Americans lived in poverty. If Americans in poverty were a state, they would be second largest by population. There are more Americans living in poverty than the entire population of Canada. There are likely millions more newly impoverished as a result of coronavirus, but those numbers are not fully known yet.
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<h3>Population of US States compared to poverty, 2019</h3>
<img src="img/poverty.svg">
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<p><a href="https://www.census.gov/content/dam/Census/library/publications/2019/demo/p60-266.pdf" target="_blank">Every single person</a> in America could be lifted above the poverty line with a one-time cash subsidy of around $10,000 per impoverished family (and about $7,000 for impoverished individuals). The total cost would be $170 billion, a little over 5% of the wealth currently controlled by 400 individuals.</p>
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<p>It may seem counter intuitive that a one-time subsidy could have any lasting impact on chronic poverty. But one of the surprising truths about poverty is that it's fluid. Americans move in and out of poverty many times throughout their lives, and one good year can have a massive and long lasting effect.</p>
<p>A wealth of data now supports the idea that <a href="https://www.givedirectly.org/research-on-cash-transfers/" target="_blank">one-time cash transfers can permanently transform a local economy.</a> Given a sudden windfall, people invest in their future. They go back to school, obtain transportation, pay for childcare, pay down debilitating debts, and do any number of things to improve their career prospects and financial future.</p>
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<p>In the US, for all of the people that escape poverty in any given year, <a href="https://poverty.ucdavis.edu/sites/main/files/file-attachments/stevens_1994aerpp.pdf" target="_blank">about half stay out of poverty for at least five years afterwards</a>. About a third are still out of poverty ten years later.</p>
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<p>This would not be a permanent fix for all Americans. Surely, some would quickly return to poverty, and others face debts so large that the subsidy would make little difference. But for tens of millions of Americans, this would be a life changing event. It would be a generation defining social program that reshapes our economy for decades to come.</p>
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<h2 class="title what-could-we-do">What could we do with 6% of this money?</h2>
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<span class="label">6%</span>
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<h2>Refund 2018 taxes for all households earning under $80,000</h2>
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<p>In 2018, the combined federal tax revenue among all US households earning under $80,000 per year <a href="https://taxfoundation.org/summary-latest-federal-income-tax-data-2018-update/" target="_blank">was around $200 billion.</a> This money—taken entirely from poor and middle class Americans—could be returned for a tiny fraction of the wealth controlled by the .0001%.</p>
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<h2 class="title what-could-we-do">What could we do with 8% of this money?</h2>
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<span class="label">8%</span>
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<h2>Provide clean drinking water and toilet access to every human on earth.</h2>
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<p>Around <a href="https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/12-07-2017-2-1-billion-people-lack-safe-drinking-water-at-home-more-than-twice-as-many-lack-safe-sanitation" target="_blank">844 million people</a> have no access to clean water of any kind. About the same number have no access to a toilet or latrine of any kind, and therefore defecate in the open.</p>
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<h2 class="description">No clean water</h2>
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<p>Contaminated water is a major source of disease, including cholera, dysentery, and typhoid. <a href="https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/drinking-water">It is estimated</a> that contaminated water kills about 829,000 people every year, making it one of the world's biggest killers. The cost to provide clean water and waste disposal for everyone on earth would be about <a href="https://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/watandmacr3.pdf" target="_blank">$240 billion</a>, or 8% of the wealth controlled by the 400 richest Americans.</p>
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OK, now that we've established the scale of inequality in the United States, let's dare to dream a little bigger.
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<h2 class="title what-could-we-do">What could we do with 40% of this money?</h2>
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<span class="label">43%</span>
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<h2>Give $10,000 to every American household</h2>
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There are about 128 million households in the United States. To give each one $10,000 would cost $1.28 trillion, or about 43% of the wealth controlled by 400 Americans.
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<p>As Americans debate how and when to open the economy after coronavirus, we are frequently presented with a seemingly impossible choice between risking millions of lives and sliding into a great depression through a continued lock down. This is a repugnant lie.</p>
<p>The money to weather this storm while maintaining quarantine exists, it's just a matter of finding the political will to take it.</p>
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<h2 class="title what-could-we-do">What could we do with 85% of this money?</h2>
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These programs combined would completely transform our world. By redistributing this wealth, millions of lives would be saved. Billions would be rescued from poverty and disease. By inconveniencing <em>just 400 people</em>, the entire human race could advance to a new, unprecedented level of development.
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<div class="infobox text-infobox infobox-close all-of-them">
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And <em>all</em> of them would still be billionaires afterwards.
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Is it really so radical to suggest that this is the right thing to do? Given the choice between millions of deaths, and slightly shrinking the fortunes of a few super rich people, how could anyone conclude that the death of millions is preferable?
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<h2 class="title what-could-we-do">We cannot accept this level of inequality any longer.</h2>
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