diff --git a/src/main/java/org/jpmml/xgboost/RegTree.java b/src/main/java/org/jpmml/xgboost/RegTree.java
index 346625c..c658b16 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/jpmml/xgboost/RegTree.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/jpmml/xgboost/RegTree.java
@@ -28,6 +28,8 @@
 import org.dmg.pmml.Predicate;
 import org.dmg.pmml.SimplePredicate;
 import org.dmg.pmml.True;
+import org.dmg.pmml.tree.BranchNode;
+import org.dmg.pmml.tree.LeafNode;
 import org.dmg.pmml.tree.TreeModel;
 import org.jpmml.converter.BinaryFeature;
 import org.jpmml.converter.ContinuousFeature;
@@ -89,10 +91,7 @@ public void load(XGBoostDataInput input) throws IOException {
 	}
 
 	public TreeModel encodeTreeModel(PredicateManager predicateManager, Schema schema){
-		org.dmg.pmml.tree.Node root = new org.dmg.pmml.tree.ComplexNode()
-			.setPredicate(new True());
-
-		encodeNode(root, predicateManager, 0, schema);
+		org.dmg.pmml.tree.Node root = encodeNode(new True(), predicateManager, 0, schema);
 
 		TreeModel treeModel = new TreeModel(MiningFunction.REGRESSION, ModelUtil.createMiningSchema(schema.getLabel()), root)
 			.setSplitCharacteristic(TreeModel.SplitCharacteristic.BINARY_SPLIT)
@@ -102,8 +101,8 @@ public TreeModel encodeTreeModel(PredicateManager predicateManager, Schema schem
 		return treeModel;
 	}
 
-	private void encodeNode(org.dmg.pmml.tree.Node parent, PredicateManager predicateManager, int index, Schema schema){
-		parent.setId(String.valueOf(index + 1));
+	private org.dmg.pmml.tree.Node encodeNode(Predicate predicate, PredicateManager predicateManager, int index, Schema schema){
+		String id = String.valueOf(index + 1);
 
 		Node node = this.nodes.get(index);
 
@@ -152,25 +151,28 @@ private void encodeNode(org.dmg.pmml.tree.Node parent, PredicateManager predicat
 				defaultLeft = node.default_left();
 			}
 
-			org.dmg.pmml.tree.Node leftChild = new org.dmg.pmml.tree.ComplexNode()
-				.setPredicate(leftPredicate);
-
-			encodeNode(leftChild, predicateManager, node.cleft(), schema);
-
-			org.dmg.pmml.tree.Node rightChild = new org.dmg.pmml.tree.ComplexNode()
-				.setPredicate(rightPredicate);
+			org.dmg.pmml.tree.Node leftChild = encodeNode(leftPredicate, predicateManager, node.cleft(), schema);
+			org.dmg.pmml.tree.Node rightChild = encodeNode(rightPredicate, predicateManager, node.cright(), schema);
 
-			encodeNode(rightChild, predicateManager, node.cright(), schema);
+			org.dmg.pmml.tree.Node result = new BranchNode()
+				.setId(id)
+				.setScore(null) // XXX
+				.setDefaultChild(defaultLeft ? leftChild.getId() : rightChild.getId())
+				.setPredicate(predicate)
+				.addNodes(leftChild, rightChild);
 
-			parent.addNodes(leftChild, rightChild);
-
-			parent.setDefaultChild(defaultLeft ? leftChild.getId() : rightChild.getId());
+			return result;
 		} else
 
 		{
 			float value = node.leaf_value();
 
-			parent.setScore(ValueUtil.formatValue(value));
+			org.dmg.pmml.tree.Node result = new LeafNode()
+				.setId(id)
+				.setScore(value)
+				.setPredicate(predicate);
+
+			return result;
 		}
 	}