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<!doctype html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="map.css" media="all" >
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="site.css" media="all" />
<title>Julia Andreasen's Homepage</title>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
<div class="header">
<header> <!--top header image and title-->
<img src="crevasse.jpg" alt="" width="100%" height="130" style="border-style:none">
<div class="centered">Ice Shelf Calving Fronts in Antarctica</div>
</div>
<!--
href="http://cpom.leeds.ac.uk" />
area shape="rect" coords="820,90,950,0" alt="Image Map" style="outline:none;" title="ESA" href="http://www.esa.int/" />
map> -->
</header>
<!-- Navigation bar -->
<div class= "topnav">
<a href="home.html">Home</a>
<a href="index.html">About Me</a>
<a href="dissertation.html">Background</a>
<a class="active" href="larsc.html">Ice Shelf Change</a>
<!-- <a href="scripts.html">Instructional Scripts</a> -->
<a href="http://www.cpom.ucl.ac.uk/csopr/index.html" target="_blank" class="right">CPOM Data Portal</a>
</div>
<div style="padding-left:16px">
<h2>How much have Antarctica's major ice shelves changed in the past decade?</h2>
<p> This is the ice shelf calving front change portal. This database provides an interactive map to explore various Antarctic ice shelves.
Each ice shelf page provides a .gif of the MODIS satellite imagery used and evolving calving front (glacial coast) over time. The overall change in ice shelf area (between the grounding line and calving front) is recorded in an additional .gif.
The difference between those yearly area recordings are represented in a bar graph.
</p>
<p>
A summary table is provided to show key data points for each individual ice shelf, as well as downloadable calving front (.shp) zip files.
</p>
</div>
<!-- Header Description Bar End-->
<!--Divide page into two sections: side and main-->
<div class="row">
<div class="side">
<aside class="maincontent">
<h3>Ice Shelf Selection</h3>
<!-- Ice Shelf Selection Map -->
<div id="iceshelf_selection_outer">
<div id="iceshelf_menu">
Click on the map to select an ice shelf or choose from the drop-down list:
<div class="dropdown">
<button class="dropbtn">
<a href=""> Ice Shelf List</a></button>
<div class="dropdown-content">
<a href="larsc.html">Larsen C</a>
<a href="ronne.html">Ronne</a>
<a href="filch.html">Filchner</a>
<a href="brunt.html">Brunt</a>
<a href="amery.html">Amery</a>
<a href="rossw.html">Ross West</a>
<a href="rosse.html">Ross East</a>
<a href="thwaites.html">Thwaites</a>
<a href="pineisland.html">Pine Island</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<br></br>
<!-- end of dropdown -->
<!--<div id="blue_box"> </div>-->
<p class= "outerpane_annotation_iceshelfmap"></p>
<div id="iceshelfmap_inner"
<div class= 'mapContainer'>
<img src='map.jpg' width='450'>
<a href='larsc.html' class='mapOverlaylarsc'>
<img src='reddot.png' class='mapOverlaylarscImg'></a><span class='mapOverlaylarscTxt'> Larsen C Ice Shelf </span>
<a href='ronne.html' class='mapOverlayronne'>
<img src='bdot.png' class='mapOverlayronneImg'></a><span class='mapOverlayronneTxt'> Ronne Ice Shelf </span>
<a href='filch.html' class='mapOverlayfilch'>
<img src='bdot.png' class='mapOverlayfilchImg'></a><span class='mapOverlayfilchTxt'> Filchner Ice Shelf </span>
<a href='brunt.html' class='mapOverlaybrunt'>
<img src='bdot.png' class='mapOverlaybruntImg'></a><span class='mapOverlaybruntTxt'> Brunt Ice Shelf </span>
<a href='amery.html' class='mapOverlayamery'>
<img src='bdot.png' class='mapOverlayameryImg'></a><span class='mapOverlayameryTxt'> Amery Ice Shelf </span>
<a href='rossw.html' class='mapOverlayrossw'>
<img src='bdot.png' class='mapOverlayrosswImg'></a><span class='mapOverlayrosswTxt'> Ross West Ice Shelf </span>
<a href='rosse.html' class='mapOverlayrosse'>
<img src='bdot.png' class='mapOverlayrosseImg'></a><span class='mapOverlayrosseTxt'> Ross East Ice Shelf </span>
<a href='thwaites.html' class='mapOverlaythwaites'>
<img src='bdot.png' class='mapOverlaythwaitesImg'></a><span class='mapOverlaythwaitesTxt'> Thwaites Ice Shelf </span>
<a href='pineisland.html' class='mapOverlaypinei'>
<img src='bdot.png' class='mapOverlaypineiImg'></a><span class='mapOverlaypineiTxt'> Pine Island Ice Shelf </span>
</div>
<br></br>
</div>
<aside class="maincontent2">
<div id="icesheet_title">
<p><br></br></p>
<h3>Area Difference</h3>
<p class= "outerpane_annotation_iceshelfmap"></p>
<div id="iceshelfmap_inner"
<div class= 'diff'>
<a href='larsc_areadiffbar.png'><img src='larsc_areadiffbar.png' width='450'></a>
</div>
</div>
This bar graph displays the difference in area change from one year to the next. Positive values show an overall increase in ice shelf area, whereas negative values represent area decrease.
</div>
<!-- right hand side-->
<div class= "main">
<aside class="mainside">
<h3>Larsen C Ice Shelf</h3>
<p class='mainTopGif'>
<a href='larsc_anim.gif'><img style='margin:auto; position:relative; left:-6px; padding: 5px; background-color:white;' src='larsc_anim.gif'>
</a>
<small> <p> 1963-2001 calving fronts sourced from Alison Cook, available <a href= https://www.add.scar.org/> here </a>
</p> </small>
</p>
<div id="icesheet_title">
<h3>Area Change</h3>
<p class='mainTopGif'>
<a href='larsc_areachange.gif'><img style='margin:auto; position:relative; left:-6px; padding: 5px;
background-color:white;' src='larsc_areachange.gif'>
</a>
</p>
</div>
<p> This scatterplot shows the total ice shelf area per year. Ice shelf growth is represented by an upward trend, whereas ice shelf recession is shown by a downward trend of points.
</p>
</aside>
</div>
<div class="break">
<p> Larsen C Ice Shelf shows an overall ice loss from 2009-2019. This is evidenced through an area loss of <strong> -4716.9 km2</strong> and an overall ice percentage decrease of <strong>-10.1%</strong>. Most of this loss is attributed to the massive calving event in <strong>2017</strong>.
</p>
</div>
<div class="footer">
<!--<aside class="rectangle"> -->
<h3> Summary Table</h3>
<main class="instructions">
<!-- <a href= 'summarytable.png'><img src='summarytable.png'></a>-->
<table class="tableizer-table">
<thead><tr class="tableizer-firstrow"><th>Ice Shelf</th><th>First Date</th><th>Last Date</th><th>First Area km2</th><th>Last Area km2</th><th>Change between First and Last Date km2</th><th>Percentage Change</th><th>Rate of Change km2 per yr</th><th>Maximum Distance km2</th><th>Maximum Distance Year</th></tr></thead><tbody>
<tr><td><strong style="color:#FF0000";>Larsen C</strong></td><td>2009</td><td>2019</td><td>46547.7</td><td>41830.8</td><td>-4716.9</td><td>-10.1</td><td>-471.7</td><td>5912</td><td>2017</td></tr>
<tr><td>Ronne</td><td>2009</td><td>2019</td><td>339168.8</td><td>345020.8</td><td>5852</td><td>1.7</td><td>585.2</td><td>728.6</td><td>2013</td></tr>
<tr><td>Filchner</td><td>2009</td><td>2019</td><td>103920.2</td><td>106163.4</td><td>2243.2</td><td>2.2</td><td>224.3</td><td>313.6</td><td>2016</td></tr>
<tr><td>Brunt</td><td>2009</td><td>2019</td><td>37180.5</td><td>39061.1</td><td>1880.6</td><td>5.1</td><td>188.1</td><td>336.1</td><td>2014</td></tr>
<tr><td>Amery</td><td>2009</td><td>2019</td><td>60858.5</td><td>62342.2</td><td>1483.7</td><td>2.4</td><td>148.4</td><td>285.7</td><td>2013</td></tr>
<tr><td>Ross East</td><td>2009</td><td>2019</td><td>194758.6</td><td>196848.3</td><td>2089.7</td><td>1.1</td><td>209</td><td>254</td><td>2013</td></tr>
<tr><td>Ross West</td><td>2009</td><td>2019</td><td>306947.9</td><td>310799.7</td><td>3851.8</td><td>1.3</td><td>385.2</td><td>490.2</td><td>2013</td></tr>
<tr><td>Thwaites</td><td>2009</td><td>2019</td><td>198092.4</td><td>195159.9</td><td>-2932.5</td><td>-1.5</td><td>-293.3</td><td>2795.9</td><td>2012</td></tr>
<tr><td>Pine Island</td><td>2009</td><td>2019</td><td>7006.1</td><td>5952.9</td><td>-1053.2</td><td>-15</td><td>-105.3</td><td>581</td><td>2013</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<p>This summary table provides a collective analysis of all the ice shelves measured.</p>
</div>
<p></p>
<br></br>
<div class="break">
<!-- <h2> Data Downloads </h2>
</div>
<table>
<tr>
<th>Ice Shelf Description</th>
<th>Data Format </th>
<th>Data Size</th>
<th>Download Link</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Larsen C: calving front zip file from 2009-2019.</td>
<td>Zip Shapefile</td>
<td>59 KB</td>
<td><a href='larsc_1.zip'>LarsC_Calve.zip</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Ronne: calving front zip file from 2009-2019.</td>
<td>Zip Shapefile</td>
<td>86 KB</td>
<td><a href='ronne_1.zip'>Ronne_Calve.zip</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Filchner: calving front zip file from 2009-2019.</td>
<td>Zip Shapefile</td>
<td>64 KB</td>
<td><a href='filch_1.zip'>Filch_Calve.zip</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Brunt: calving front zip file from 2009-2019.</td>
<td>Zip Shapefile</td>
<td>136 KB</td>
<td><a href='brunt_1.zip'>Brunt_Calve.zip</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Amery: calving front zip file from 2009-2019.</td>
<td>Zip Shapefile</td>
<td>80 KB</td>
<td><a href='amery_1.zip'>Amery_Calve.zip</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Ross East: calving front zip file from 2009-2019.</td>
<td>Zip Shapefile</td>
<td>61 KB</td>
<td><a href='rosse_1.zip'>RossE_Calve.zip</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Ross West: calving front zip file from 2009-2019.</td>
<td>Zip Shapefile</td>
<td>93 KB</td>
<td><a href='rossw_1.zip'>RossW_Calve.zip</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Thwaites: calving front zip file from 2009-2019.</td>
<td>Zip Shapefile</td>
<td>108 KB</td>
<td><a href='thwaites_1.zip'>Thwaites_Calve.zip</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pine Island: calving front zip file from 2009-2019.</td>
<td>Zip Shapefile</td>
<td>85 KB</td>
<td><a href='pinei_1.zip'>PineI_Calve.zip</td>
</tr>
</table>
<br></br>
-->
<div class="break">
<!--<aside class="rectangle"> -->
<h2> Data Description</h2>
</div>
<div class= "textbox">
<h3> Input Satellite Data Specification </h3>
<p> The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), located on both NASA’s Terra and Aqua satellites,
is a widely used instrument for optical imagery and is the favoured satellite for this research. On a sunny/cloud-less day, MODIS creates imagery with clear discrimination between accumulation and
ablation subsurface and surface changes. This allows for clear observation of surface morphology and calving fronts (Scambos et al., 2007).
</p>
<h3> Temporal Coverage </h3>
<p> Despite its low spatial resolution, MODIS maintains a daily revisit cycle that produces highly detailed
temporal resolution, increasing the likelihood of obtaining images without cloud cover (Melesse et al., 2007).
</p>
<p> Additional satellite properties for Terra and Aqua include: period of revolution = 99 minutes, repeat period = 16 days, launch dates= Terra: December 1999, Aqua: May 2002 (NASA, 2018).
</p>
<h3> Data Source </h3>
<p> For updated access to ice shelf imagery, the NSIDC’s Antarctic Glaciological Data Centre (NSIDC, 2019) has a public MODIS Antarctic Ice Shelf Image Archive dating from January 2002 – present with
imagery available on a weekly or monthly timescale throughout each year. This archive can be found <a href="https://nsidc.org/data/iceshelves_images/index_modis.html" target="_blank">here</a>.
</p>
<h4> Resources</h4>
<small>
<p> Melesse, A.M., Weng, Q., Thenkabail, P.S. and Senay, G.B., 2007. Remote sensing sensors and applications in environmental resources mapping and modelling. Sensors. 7(12), pp. 3209- 3241.
</p>
<p> NASA. 2018. MODIS Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer: MODIS About. [Online]. [Accessed 22 December 2018]. Available from: https://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov/about/index.php
</p>
<p> NSIDC. 2019. NASA Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC) at NSIDC: MODIS Data. [Online]. [Accessed 7 January 2019]. Available from: https://nsidc.org/data/modis/index.html.
</p>
<p>Scambos, T., Haran, T., Fahnestock, M., Painter, T., and Bohlander, J. 2007. MODIS-based mosaic of Antarctica (MOA) data sets: continent-wide surface morphology and snow grain size. Remote Sensing of Environment. 111(2), pp. 242-257.
</p>
</small>
</div>
</div>
<!-- <h2 id="output"> Downloadable Images and Data for Amery Glacier measured between 2009 and 2018</h2> -->
</div>
</body>
</html>