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Linux-Server-Configuration-UDACITY

This is the fifth project for "Full Stack Web Developer Nanodegree" on Udacity.

In this project, a Linux virtual machine needs to be configurated to support the Item Catalog website.

IP ADDRESS: 18.216.71.137 HTTP ADDRESS: http://ec2-18-216-71-137.compute-1.amazonaws.com/

Tasks

  1. Launch your Virtual Machine with your Udacity account
  2. Follow the instructions provided to SSH into your server
  3. Create a new user named grader
  4. Give the grader the permission to sudo
  5. Update all currently installed packages
  6. Change the SSH port from 22 to 2200
  7. Configure the Uncomplicated Firewall (UFW) to only allow incoming connections for SSH (port 2200), HTTP (port 80), and NTP (port 123)
  8. Configure the local timezone to UTC
  9. Install and configure Apache to serve a Python mod_wsgi application
  10. Install and configure PostgreSQL:
    • Do not allow remote connections
    • Create a new user named catalog that has limited permissions to your catalog application database
  11. Install git, clone and setup your Catalog App project (from your GitHub repository from earlier in the Nanodegree program) so that it functions correctly when visiting your server’s IP address in a browser. Remember to set this up appropriately so that your .git directory is not publicly accessible via a browser!

Launch Virtual Machine

Instructions for SSH access to the instance

  1. Download Private Key below

  2. Move the private key file into the folder ~/.ssh (where ~ is your environment's home directory). So if you downloaded the file to the Downloads folder, just execute the following command in your terminal. mv ~/Downloads/udacity_key.rsa ~/.ssh/

  3. Open your terminal and type in chmod 600 ~/.ssh/udacity_key.rsa

  4. In your terminal, type in ssh -i ~/.ssh/udacity_key.rsa [email protected]

  5. Development Environment Information

    Public IP Address

    52.24.125.52

    Private Key ( is not provided here. )

Create a new user named grader

  1. sudo adduser grader
  2. vim /etc/sudoers
  3. touch /etc/sudoers.d/grader
  4. vim /etc/sudoers.d/grader, type in grader ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL, save and quit

Set ssh login using keys

  1. generate keys on local machine usingssh-keygen ; then save the private key in ~/.ssh on local machine

  2. deploy public key on developement enviroment

    On you virtual machine:

    $ su - grader
$ mkdir .ssh
$ touch .ssh/authorized_keys
$ vim .ssh/authorized_keys

    Copy the public key generated on your local machine to this file and save

    $ chmod 700 .ssh
$ chmod 644 .ssh/authorized_keys

  3. reload SSH using service ssh restart

  4. now you can use ssh to login with the new user you created

    ssh -i [privateKeyFilename] [email protected]

Update all currently installed packages

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade

Change the SSH port from 22 to 2200

  1. Use sudo vim /etc/ssh/sshd_config and then change Port 22 to Port 2200 , save & quit.
  2. Reload SSH using sudo service ssh restart

Configure the Uncomplicated Firewall (UFW)

Configure the Uncomplicated Firewall (UFW) to only allow incoming connections for SSH (port 2200), HTTP (port 80), and NTP (port 123)

sudo ufw allow 2200/tcp
sudo ufw allow 80/tcp
sudo ufw allow 123/udp
sudo ufw enable

Configure the local timezone to UTC

  1. Configure the time zone sudo dpkg-reconfigure tzdata
  2. It is already set to UTC.

Install and configure Apache to serve a Python mod_wsgi application

  1. Install Apache sudo apt-get install apache2
  2. Install mod_wsgi sudo apt-get install python-setuptools libapache2-mod-wsgi
  3. Restart Apache sudo service apache2 restart

Install and configure PostgreSQL

  1. Install PostgreSQL sudo apt-get install postgresql

  2. Check if no remote connections are allowed sudo vim /etc/postgresql/9.3/main/pg_hba.conf

  3. Login as user "postgres" sudo su - postgres

  4. Get into postgreSQL shell psql

  5. Create a new database named catalog and create a new user named catalog in postgreSQL shell

    postgres=# CREATE DATABASE catalog;
postgres=# CREATE USER catalog;

  6. Set a password for user catalog

    postgres=# ALTER ROLE catalog WITH PASSWORD 'password';

  7. Give user "catalog" permission to "catalog" application database

    postgres=# GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON DATABASE catalog TO catalog;

  8. Quit postgreSQL postgres=# \q

  9. Exit from user "postgres"

    exit

Install git, clone and setup your Catalog App project.

  1. Install Git using sudo apt-get install git
  2. Use cd /var/www to move to the /var/www directory
  3. Create the application directory sudo mkdir FlaskApp
  4. Move inside this directory using cd FlaskApp
  5. Clone the Catalog App to the virtual machine git clone https://github.com/kongling893/Item_Catalog_UDACITY.git
  6. Rename the project's name sudo mv ./Item_Catalog_UDACITY ./FlaskApp
  7. Move to the inner FlaskApp directory using cd FlaskApp
  8. Rename website.py to __init__.py using sudo mv website.py __init__.py
  9. Edit database_setup.py, website.py and functions_helper.py and change engine = create_engine('sqlite:///toyshop.db') to engine = create_engine('postgresql://catalog:password@localhost/catalog')
  10. Install pip sudo apt-get install python-pip
  11. Use pip to install dependencies sudo pip install -r requirements.txt
  12. Install psycopg2 sudo apt-get -qqy install postgresql python-psycopg2
  13. Create database schema sudo python database_setup.py

Configure and Enable a New Virtual Host

  1. Create FlaskApp.conf to edit: sudo nano /etc/apache2/sites-available/FlaskApp.conf

  2. Add the following lines of code to the file to configure the virtual host.

    <VirtualHost *:80>
	ServerName ec2-18-216-71-137.compute-1.amazonaws.com
	ServerAdmin [email protected]
	WSGIScriptAlias / /var/www/FlaskApp/flaskapp.wsgi
	<Directory /var/www/FlaskApp/FlaskApp/>
		Order allow,deny
		Allow from all
	</Directory>
	Alias /static /var/www/FlaskApp/FlaskApp/static
	<Directory /var/www/FlaskApp/FlaskApp/static/>
		Order allow,deny
		Allow from all
	</Directory>
	ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log
	LogLevel warn
	CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access.log combined
</VirtualHost>

  3. Enable the virtual host with the following command: sudo a2ensite FlaskApp

Create the .wsgi File

  1. Create the .wsgi File under /var/www/FlaskApp:

    cd /var/www/FlaskApp
sudo nano flaskapp.wsgi

  2. Add the following lines of code to the flaskapp.wsgi file:

    #!/usr/bin/python
import sys
import logging
logging.basicConfig(stream=sys.stderr)
sys.path.insert(0,"/var/www/FlaskApp/")

from FlaskApp import app as application
application.secret_key = 'Add your secret key'

Restart Apache

  1. Restart Apache sudo service apache2 restart

References:

https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-deploy-a-flask-application-on-an-ubuntu-vps