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dingo.go
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dingo.go
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package dingo
import (
"errors"
"fmt"
"log"
"reflect"
"strings"
)
const (
// INIT state
INIT = iota
// DEFAULT state
DEFAULT
)
var ErrInvalidInjectReceiver = errors.New("usage of 'Inject' method with struct receiver is not allowed")
var traceCircular []circularTraceEntry
var errPointersToInterface = errors.New(" Do not use pointers to interface.")
// EnableCircularTracing activates dingo's trace feature to find circular dependencies
// this is super expensive (memory wise), so it should only be used for debugging purposes
func EnableCircularTracing() {
traceCircular = make([]circularTraceEntry, 0)
}
type (
// Injector defines bindings and multibindings
// it is possible to have a parent-injector, which can be asked if no resolution is available
Injector struct {
bindings map[reflect.Type][]*Binding // list of available bindings for a concrete type
multibindings map[reflect.Type][]*Binding // list of multi-bindings for a concrete type
mapbindings map[reflect.Type]map[string]*Binding // list of map-bindings for a concrete type
interceptor map[reflect.Type][]reflect.Type // list of interceptors for a type
overrides []*override // list of overrides for a binding
parent *Injector // parent injector reference
scopes map[reflect.Type]Scope // scope-bindings
stage uint // current stage
delayed []interface{} // delayed bindings
buildEagerSingletons bool // weather to build singletons
}
// overrides are evaluated lazy, so they are scheduled here
override struct {
typ reflect.Type
annotatedWith string
binding *Binding
}
circularTraceEntry struct {
typ reflect.Type
annotation string
}
)
// NewInjector builds up a new Injector out of a list of Modules
func NewInjector(modules ...Module) (*Injector, error) {
injector := &Injector{
bindings: make(map[reflect.Type][]*Binding),
multibindings: make(map[reflect.Type][]*Binding),
mapbindings: make(map[reflect.Type]map[string]*Binding),
interceptor: make(map[reflect.Type][]reflect.Type),
scopes: make(map[reflect.Type]Scope),
stage: DEFAULT,
buildEagerSingletons: true,
}
// bind current injector
injector.Bind(Injector{}).ToInstance(injector)
// bind default scopes
injector.BindScope(Singleton)
injector.BindScope(ChildSingleton)
// init current modules
return injector, injector.InitModules(modules...)
}
// Child derives a child injector with a new ChildSingletonScope
func (injector *Injector) Child() (*Injector, error) {
if injector == nil {
return nil, errors.New("can not create a child of an uninitialized injector")
}
newInjector, err := NewInjector()
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
newInjector.parent = injector
newInjector.Bind(Injector{}).ToInstance(newInjector)
newInjector.BindScope(NewChildSingletonScope()) // bind a new child-singleton
return newInjector, nil
}
// InitModules initializes the injector with the given modules
func (injector *Injector) InitModules(modules ...Module) error {
injector.stage = INIT
modules = resolveDependencies(modules, nil)
for _, module := range modules {
if err := injector.requestInjection(module, traceCircular); err != nil {
erroredModule := reflect.TypeOf(module).Elem()
return fmt.Errorf("initmodules: injection into %q failed: %w", erroredModule.PkgPath()+"."+erroredModule.Name(), err)
}
module.Configure(injector)
}
// evaluate overrides when modules were loaded
for _, override := range injector.overrides {
bindtype := override.typ
if bindtype.Kind() == reflect.Ptr {
bindtype = bindtype.Elem()
}
if bindings, ok := injector.bindings[bindtype]; ok && len(bindings) > 0 {
for i, binding := range bindings {
if binding.annotatedWith == override.annotatedWith {
injector.bindings[bindtype][i] = override.binding
}
}
continue
}
return fmt.Errorf("cannot override unknown binding %q (annotated with %q)", override.typ.String(), override.annotatedWith) // todo ok?
}
// make sure there are no duplicated bindings
for typ, bindings := range injector.bindings {
known := make(map[string]*Binding)
for _, binding := range bindings {
if known, ok := known[binding.annotatedWith]; ok && !known.equal(binding) {
var knownBinding, duplicateBinding string
if known.to != nil {
knownBinding = fmt.Sprintf("%#v%#v", known.to.PkgPath(), known.to.Name())
}
if binding.to != nil {
duplicateBinding = fmt.Sprintf("%#v%#v", binding.to.PkgPath(), binding.to.Name())
}
return fmt.Errorf("already known binding for %q with annotation %q | Known binding: %q Try %q", typ, binding.annotatedWith, knownBinding, duplicateBinding)
}
known[binding.annotatedWith] = binding
}
}
injector.stage = DEFAULT
// continue with delayed injections
for _, object := range injector.delayed {
if err := injector.requestInjection(object, traceCircular); err != nil {
return err
}
}
injector.delayed = nil
// build eager singletons
if !injector.buildEagerSingletons {
return nil
}
return injector.BuildEagerSingletons(false)
}
// SetBuildEagerSingletons can be used to disable or enable building of eager singletons during InitModules
func (injector *Injector) SetBuildEagerSingletons(build bool) {
injector.buildEagerSingletons = build
}
// BuildEagerSingletons requests one instance of each singleton, optional letting the parent injector(s) do the same
func (injector *Injector) BuildEagerSingletons(includeParent bool) error {
for _, bindings := range injector.bindings {
for _, binding := range bindings {
if binding.eager {
if _, err := injector.getInstance(binding.typeof, binding.annotatedWith, traceCircular); err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("initmodules: loading eager singletons: %w", err)
}
}
}
}
if includeParent && injector.parent != nil {
return injector.parent.BuildEagerSingletons(includeParent)
}
return nil
}
// GetInstance creates a new instance of what was requested
func (injector *Injector) GetInstance(of interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
i, err := injector.getInstance(of, "", traceCircular)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
return i.Interface(), nil
}
// GetAnnotatedInstance creates a new instance of what was requested with the given annotation
func (injector *Injector) GetAnnotatedInstance(of interface{}, annotatedWith string) (interface{}, error) {
i, err := injector.getInstance(of, annotatedWith, traceCircular)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
return i.Interface(), nil
}
// getInstance creates the new instance of typ, returns a reflect.value
func (injector *Injector) getInstance(typ interface{}, annotatedWith string, circularTrace []circularTraceEntry) (reflect.Value, error) {
oftype := reflect.TypeOf(typ)
if oft, ok := typ.(reflect.Type); ok {
oftype = oft
} else {
for oftype.Kind() == reflect.Ptr {
oftype = oftype.Elem()
}
}
return injector.getInstanceOfTypeWithAnnotation(oftype, annotatedWith, nil, false, circularTrace)
}
func (injector *Injector) findBindingForAnnotatedType(t reflect.Type, annotation string) *Binding {
if len(injector.bindings[t]) > 0 {
for _, binding := range injector.bindings[t] {
if binding.annotatedWith == annotation {
return binding
}
}
}
// inject one key of a map-binding
if len(annotation) > 4 && annotation[:4] == "map:" {
return injector.mapbindings[t][annotation[4:]]
}
// ask parent
if injector.parent != nil {
return injector.parent.findBindingForAnnotatedType(t, annotation)
}
return nil
}
// getInstanceOfTypeWithAnnotation resolves a requested type, with annotation
func (injector *Injector) getInstanceOfTypeWithAnnotation(t reflect.Type, annotation string, binding *Binding, optional bool, circularTrace []circularTraceEntry) (reflect.Value, error) {
if t.Kind() == reflect.Ptr {
t = t.Elem()
}
var final reflect.Value
var err error
if typeBinding := injector.findBindingForAnnotatedType(t, annotation); typeBinding != nil {
binding = typeBinding
}
if binding != nil {
if binding.scope != nil {
if scope, ok := injector.scopes[reflect.TypeOf(binding.scope)]; ok {
if final, err = scope.ResolveType(t, annotation, func(t reflect.Type, annotation string, optional bool) (reflect.Value, error) {
return injector.createInstanceOfAnnotatedType(t, annotation, optional, circularTrace)
}); err != nil {
return reflect.Value{}, err
}
if !final.IsValid() {
return reflect.Value{}, fmt.Errorf("%T did not resolve %s", scope, t)
}
} else {
return reflect.Value{}, fmt.Errorf("unknown scope %T for %s", binding.scope, t)
}
}
}
if !final.IsValid() {
if final, err = injector.createInstanceOfAnnotatedType(t, annotation, optional, circularTrace); err != nil {
return reflect.Value{}, err
}
}
if !final.IsValid() {
return reflect.Value{}, fmt.Errorf("can not resolve %q", t.String())
}
return injector.intercept(final, t)
}
func (injector *Injector) intercept(final reflect.Value, t reflect.Type) (reflect.Value, error) {
for _, interceptor := range injector.interceptor[t] {
of := final
final = reflect.New(interceptor)
if err := injector.requestInjection(final.Interface(), traceCircular); err != nil {
return reflect.Value{}, err
}
final.Elem().Field(0).Set(of)
}
if injector.parent != nil {
return injector.parent.intercept(final, t)
}
return final, nil
}
type errUnbound struct {
binding *Binding
typ reflect.Type
}
func (err errUnbound) Error() string {
return fmt.Sprintf("binding is not bound: %v for %s", err.binding, err.typ)
}
func (injector *Injector) resolveBinding(binding *Binding, t reflect.Type, optional bool, circularTrace []circularTraceEntry) (reflect.Value, error) {
if binding.instance != nil {
return binding.instance.ivalue, nil
}
if binding.provider != nil {
return binding.provider.Create(injector)
}
if binding.to != nil {
if binding.to == t {
return reflect.Value{}, fmt.Errorf("circular from %q to %q (annotated with: %q)", t, binding.to, binding.annotatedWith)
}
return injector.getInstanceOfTypeWithAnnotation(binding.to, "", binding, optional, circularTrace)
}
return reflect.Value{}, errUnbound{binding: binding, typ: t}
}
// createInstanceOfAnnotatedType resolves a type request with the current injector
func (injector *Injector) createInstanceOfAnnotatedType(t reflect.Type, annotation string, optional bool, circularTrace []circularTraceEntry) (reflect.Value, error) {
if binding := injector.findBindingForAnnotatedType(t, annotation); binding != nil {
r, err := injector.resolveBinding(binding, t, optional, circularTrace)
if err == nil || !errors.As(err, new(errUnbound)) {
return r, err
}
// todo: proper testcases
if annotation != "" {
return injector.getInstanceOfTypeWithAnnotation(binding.typeof, "", binding, false, circularTrace)
}
}
// This for an injection request on a provider, such as `func() MyInstance`
if t.Kind() == reflect.Func && (t.NumOut() == 1 || t.NumOut() == 2) && strings.HasSuffix(t.Name(), "Provider") {
providerCanError := t.NumOut() == 2 && t.Out(1).AssignableTo(reflect.TypeOf(new(error)).Elem())
if traceCircular != nil {
return injector.createProvider(t, annotation, optional, providerCanError, make([]circularTraceEntry, 0)), nil
}
return injector.createProvider(t, annotation, optional, providerCanError, nil), nil
}
// This is the injection request for multibindings
if t.Kind() == reflect.Slice {
return injector.resolveMultibinding(t, annotation, optional, circularTrace)
}
// Map Binding injection
if t.Kind() == reflect.Map && t.Key().Kind() == reflect.String {
return injector.resolveMapbinding(t, annotation, optional, circularTrace)
}
if annotation != "" && !optional {
return reflect.Value{}, fmt.Errorf("can not automatically create an annotated injection %q with annotation %q", t, annotation)
}
if t.Kind() == reflect.Interface && !optional {
return reflect.Value{}, fmt.Errorf("can not instantiate interface %s.%s", t.PkgPath(), t.Name())
}
if t.Kind() == reflect.Func && !optional {
return reflect.Value{}, fmt.Errorf("can not create a new function %q (Do you want a provider? Then suffix type with Provider)", t)
}
if circularTrace != nil {
for _, ct := range circularTrace {
if ct.typ == t && ct.annotation == annotation {
for _, ct := range circularTrace {
log.Println(ct.typ.PkgPath() + "#" + ct.typ.Name() + ": " + ct.annotation)
}
log.Println(t.PkgPath() + "#" + t.Name() + ": " + annotation)
panic("detected circular dependency")
}
}
subCircularTrace := make([]circularTraceEntry, len(circularTrace))
copy(subCircularTrace, circularTrace)
subCircularTrace = append(subCircularTrace, circularTraceEntry{t, annotation})
n := reflect.New(t)
return n, injector.requestInjection(n.Interface(), subCircularTrace)
}
n := reflect.New(t)
return n, injector.requestInjection(n.Interface(), nil)
}
func reflectedError(err *error, t reflect.Type) reflect.Value {
rerr := reflect.New(reflect.TypeOf(new(error)).Elem()).Elem()
if err == nil || *err == nil {
return rerr
}
rerr.Set(reflect.ValueOf(fmt.Errorf("%q: %w", t, *err)))
return rerr
}
func (injector *Injector) createProvider(t reflect.Type, annotation string, optional bool, canError bool, circularTrace []circularTraceEntry) reflect.Value {
return reflect.MakeFunc(t, func(args []reflect.Value) (results []reflect.Value) {
// create a new type
res := reflect.New(t.Out(0))
// dereference possible interface pointer
if res.Kind() == reflect.Ptr && (res.Elem().Kind() == reflect.Interface || res.Elem().Kind() == reflect.Ptr) {
res = res.Elem()
}
ret := func(v reflect.Value, err error) []reflect.Value {
if err != nil && !canError {
panic(fmt.Errorf("%q: %w", t, err))
} else if canError {
return []reflect.Value{v, reflectedError(&err, t)}
} else {
return []reflect.Value{v}
}
}
// multibindings
if res.Elem().Kind() == reflect.Slice {
return ret(injector.createInstanceOfAnnotatedType(t.Out(0), annotation, optional, circularTrace))
}
// mapbindings
if res.Elem().Kind() == reflect.Map && res.Elem().Type().Key().Kind() == reflect.String {
return ret(injector.createInstanceOfAnnotatedType(t.Out(0), annotation, optional, circularTrace))
}
r := ret(injector.getInstance(t.Out(0), annotation, circularTrace))
res.Set(r[0])
r[0] = res
return r
})
}
func (injector *Injector) createProviderForBinding(t reflect.Type, binding *Binding, annotation string, optional bool, canError bool, circularTrace []circularTraceEntry) reflect.Value {
return reflect.MakeFunc(t, func(args []reflect.Value) (results []reflect.Value) {
// create a new type
res := reflect.New(binding.typeof)
// dereference possible interface pointer
if res.Kind() == reflect.Ptr && (res.Elem().Kind() == reflect.Interface || res.Elem().Kind() == reflect.Ptr) {
res = res.Elem()
}
if r, err := injector.resolveBinding(binding, t, optional, circularTrace); err == nil {
res.Set(r)
if canError {
return []reflect.Value{res, reflectedError(nil, t)}
}
return []reflect.Value{res}
}
// set to actual value
i, err := injector.getInstance(binding.typeof, annotation, circularTrace)
if err != nil {
if canError {
return []reflect.Value{res, reflectedError(&err, t)}
}
panic(fmt.Errorf("%q: %w", t, err))
}
res.Set(i)
// return
if canError {
return []reflect.Value{res, reflectedError(nil, t)}
}
return []reflect.Value{res}
})
}
func (injector *Injector) joinMultibindings(t reflect.Type, annotation string) []*Binding {
var parent []*Binding
if injector.parent != nil {
parent = injector.parent.joinMultibindings(t, annotation)
}
bindings := make([]*Binding, len(parent)+len(injector.multibindings[t]))
copy(bindings, parent)
c := len(parent)
for _, b := range injector.multibindings[t] {
if b.annotatedWith == annotation {
bindings[c] = b
c++
}
}
return bindings[:c]
}
func (injector *Injector) resolveMultibinding(t reflect.Type, annotation string, optional bool, circularTrace []circularTraceEntry) (reflect.Value, error) {
targetType := t.Elem()
if targetType.Kind() == reflect.Ptr {
targetType = targetType.Elem()
}
providerType := targetType
provider := strings.HasSuffix(targetType.Name(), "Provider") && targetType.Kind() == reflect.Func
providerCanError := provider && targetType.NumOut() == 2 && targetType.Out(1).AssignableTo(reflect.TypeOf(new(error)).Elem())
if provider {
targetType = targetType.Out(0)
}
if bindings := injector.joinMultibindings(targetType, annotation); len(bindings) > 0 {
n := reflect.MakeSlice(t, 0, len(bindings))
for _, binding := range bindings {
if provider {
n = reflect.Append(n, injector.createProviderForBinding(providerType, binding, annotation, false, providerCanError, circularTrace))
continue
}
r, err := injector.resolveBinding(binding, t, optional, circularTrace)
if err != nil {
return reflect.Value{}, err
}
n = reflect.Append(n, r)
}
return n, nil
}
return reflect.MakeSlice(t, 0, 0), nil
}
func (injector *Injector) joinMapbindings(t reflect.Type, annotation string) map[string]*Binding {
var parent map[string]*Binding
if injector.parent != nil {
parent = injector.parent.joinMapbindings(t, annotation)
}
bindings := make(map[string]*Binding, len(parent)+len(injector.multibindings[t]))
for k, v := range parent {
bindings[k] = v
}
for k, v := range injector.mapbindings[t] {
if v.annotatedWith == annotation {
bindings[k] = v
}
}
return bindings
}
func (injector *Injector) resolveMapbinding(t reflect.Type, annotation string, optional bool, circularTrace []circularTraceEntry) (reflect.Value, error) {
targetType := t.Elem()
if targetType.Kind() == reflect.Ptr {
targetType = targetType.Elem()
}
providerType := targetType
provider := strings.HasSuffix(targetType.Name(), "Provider") && targetType.Kind() == reflect.Func
providerCanError := provider && targetType.NumOut() == 2 && targetType.Out(1).AssignableTo(reflect.TypeOf(new(error)).Elem())
if provider {
targetType = targetType.Out(0)
}
if bindings := injector.joinMapbindings(targetType, annotation); len(bindings) > 0 {
n := reflect.MakeMapWithSize(t, len(bindings))
for key, binding := range bindings {
if provider {
n.SetMapIndex(reflect.ValueOf(key), injector.createProviderForBinding(providerType, binding, annotation, false, providerCanError, circularTrace))
continue
}
r, err := injector.resolveBinding(binding, t, optional, circularTrace)
if err != nil {
return reflect.Value{}, err
}
n.SetMapIndex(reflect.ValueOf(key), r)
}
return n, nil
}
return reflect.MakeMap(t), nil
}
// BindMulti binds multiple concrete types to the same abstract type / interface
func (injector *Injector) BindMulti(what interface{}) *Binding {
bindtype := reflect.TypeOf(what)
if bindtype.Kind() == reflect.Ptr {
bindtype = bindtype.Elem()
}
binding := new(Binding)
binding.typeof = bindtype
imb := injector.multibindings[bindtype]
imb = append(imb, binding)
injector.multibindings[bindtype] = imb
return binding
}
// BindMap does a registry-like map-based binding, like BindMulti
func (injector *Injector) BindMap(what interface{}, key string) *Binding {
bindtype := reflect.TypeOf(what)
if bindtype.Kind() == reflect.Ptr {
bindtype = bindtype.Elem()
}
binding := new(Binding)
binding.typeof = bindtype
bindingMap := injector.mapbindings[bindtype]
if bindingMap == nil {
bindingMap = make(map[string]*Binding)
}
bindingMap[key] = binding
injector.mapbindings[bindtype] = bindingMap
return binding
}
// BindInterceptor intercepts to interface with interceptor
func (injector *Injector) BindInterceptor(to, interceptor interface{}) {
totype := reflect.TypeOf(to)
if totype.Kind() == reflect.Ptr {
totype = totype.Elem()
}
if totype.Kind() != reflect.Interface {
panic("can only intercept interfaces " + fmt.Sprintf("%v", to))
}
m := injector.interceptor[totype]
m = append(m, reflect.TypeOf(interceptor))
injector.interceptor[totype] = m
}
// BindScope binds a scope to be aware of
func (injector *Injector) BindScope(s Scope) {
injector.scopes[reflect.TypeOf(s)] = s
}
// Bind creates a new binding for an abstract type / interface
// Use the syntax
//
// injector.Bind((*Interface)(nil))
//
// To specify the interface (cast it to a pointer to a nil of the type Interface)
func (injector *Injector) Bind(what interface{}) *Binding {
if what == nil {
panic("Cannot bind nil")
}
bindtype := reflect.TypeOf(what)
if bindtype.Kind() == reflect.Ptr {
bindtype = bindtype.Elem()
}
binding := new(Binding)
binding.typeof = bindtype
injector.bindings[bindtype] = append(injector.bindings[bindtype], binding)
return binding
}
// Override a binding
func (injector *Injector) Override(what interface{}, annotatedWith string) *Binding {
binding := injector.Bind(what).AnnotatedWith(annotatedWith)
injector.overrides = append(injector.overrides, &override{typ: binding.typeof, annotatedWith: annotatedWith, binding: binding})
return binding
}
// RequestInjection requests the object to have all fields annotated with `inject` to be filled
func (injector *Injector) RequestInjection(object interface{}) error {
if injector.stage == INIT {
injector.delayed = append(injector.delayed, object)
} else {
return injector.requestInjection(object, traceCircular)
}
return nil
}
func (injector *Injector) requestInjection(object interface{}, circularTrace []circularTraceEntry) error {
if _, ok := object.(reflect.Value); !ok {
object = reflect.ValueOf(object)
}
var injectlist = []reflect.Value{object.(reflect.Value)}
var i int
var current reflect.Value
var err error
wrapErr := func(err error) error {
path := current.Type().PkgPath()
if path == "" {
if current.Kind() == reflect.Ptr {
path = current.Elem().Type().PkgPath()
}
}
if path != "" {
path += "."
}
return fmt.Errorf("injecting into %s%s:\n%w", path, current.String(), err)
}
for {
if i >= len(injectlist) {
break
}
current = injectlist[i]
ctype := current.Type()
i++
if ctype.Kind() != reflect.Ptr && current.MethodByName("Inject").IsValid() {
return fmt.Errorf("invalid inject receiver %s: %w", current, ErrInvalidInjectReceiver)
}
switch ctype.Kind() {
// dereference pointer
case reflect.Ptr:
if setup := current.MethodByName("Inject"); setup.IsValid() {
args := make([]reflect.Value, setup.Type().NumIn())
for i := range args {
if args[i], err = injector.getInstance(setup.Type().In(i), "", circularTrace); err != nil {
return wrapErr(err)
}
}
setup.Call(args)
}
injectlist = append(injectlist, current.Elem())
// inject into struct fields
case reflect.Struct:
for fieldIndex := 0; fieldIndex < ctype.NumField(); fieldIndex++ {
if tag, ok := ctype.Field(fieldIndex).Tag.Lookup("inject"); ok {
field := current.Field(fieldIndex)
currentFieldName := ctype.Field(fieldIndex).Name
if field.Kind() == reflect.Struct {
return fmt.Errorf("can not inject into struct %#v of %#v", field, current)
}
var optional bool
for _, option := range strings.Split(tag, ",") {
switch strings.TrimSpace(option) {
case "optional":
optional = true
}
}
tag = strings.Split(tag, ",")[0]
instance, err := injector.getInstanceOfTypeWithAnnotation(field.Type(), tag, nil, optional, circularTrace)
if err != nil {
return wrapErr(err)
}
if instance.Kind() == reflect.Ptr {
if instance.Elem().Kind() == reflect.Func || instance.Elem().Kind() == reflect.Interface || instance.Elem().Kind() == reflect.Slice {
instance = instance.Elem()
}
}
if field.Kind() != reflect.Ptr && field.Kind() != reflect.Interface && instance.Kind() == reflect.Ptr {
field.Set(instance.Elem())
} else {
if field.Kind() == reflect.Ptr && field.Type().Kind() == reflect.Ptr && field.Type().Elem().Kind() == reflect.Interface {
return wrapErr(fmt.Errorf("field %#v is pointer to interface. %w", currentFieldName, errPointersToInterface))
}
field.Set(instance)
}
}
}
case reflect.Interface:
if !current.IsNil() {
injectlist = append(injectlist, current.Elem())
}
case reflect.Slice:
for i := 0; i < current.Len(); i++ {
injectlist = append(injectlist, current.Index(i))
}
default:
}
}
return nil
}