Initial support for networking

.github/workflows/release.yml

@@ -19,17 +19,25 @@ jobs:
     env:
       OUTPUT_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/builds
     steps:
+    - uses: actions/setup-go@v4
+      with:
+        go-version: 1.21.x
     - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-    - name: Build
+    - name: Build binaries
       run: |
         PREFIX=${OUTPUT_DIR} make artifacts
+    - name: Build wasm image
+      run: |
+        PREFIX=${OUTPUT_DIR} make c2w-net-proxy.wasm
+    - name: sha256sum
+      run: |
         ( cd ${OUTPUT_DIR}; sha256sum * ) > "${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}/SHA256SUMS"
         mv "${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}/SHA256SUMS" "${OUTPUT_DIR}/SHA256SUMS"
     - name: Create Release
       env:
         GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
       run: |
-        SHA256SUM_OF_SHA256SUM=$(sha256sum ${OUTPUT_DIR}/SHA256SUMS | cut -d ' ' -f 1)
+        SHA256SUM_OF_SHA256SUMS=$(sha256sum ${OUTPUT_DIR}/SHA256SUMS | cut -d ' ' -f 1)
         RELEASE_TAG="${GITHUB_REF##*/}"
         MINIMAL_TAR=$(ls -1 ${OUTPUT_DIR} | grep container2wasm-v | head -1)
         MINIMAL_TAR_LIST=$(tar --list -vvf ${OUTPUT_DIR}/${MINIMAL_TAR})
@@ -50,9 +58,13 @@ jobs:
 
         </details>
 
+        ## About \`c2w-net-proxy.wasm\`
+
+        Please refer to [the document about networking for container on browser](https://github.com/ktock/container2wasm/tree/${RELEASE_TAG}/examples/networking/fetch/) for details and usage.
+
         ---
 
-        The sha256sum of SHA256SUM is \`${SHA256SUM_OF_SHA256SUM}\`
+        The sha256sum of SHA256SUMS is \`${SHA256SUM_OF_SHA256SUMS}\`
 
         EOF
         ASSET_FLAGS=()

.github/workflows/tests.yml

@@ -22,6 +22,8 @@ jobs:
         make
         ls -al ./out/c2w
         if ldd ./out/c2w ; then echo "must be static binary" ; exit 1 ; fi
+        ls -al ./out/c2w-net
+        if ldd ./out/c2w-net ; then echo "must be static binary" ; exit 1 ; fi
 
   test:
     runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
@@ -30,16 +32,15 @@ jobs:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
         target: ["TestWasmtime", "TestWamr", "TestWasmer", "TestWazero", "TestWasmedge"]
+        arch: ["x86_64", "(riscv64|aarch64)"]
     steps:
     - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-    - name: x86_64
-      env:
-        GO_TEST_FLAGS: -run ${{ matrix.target }}/.*arch=x86_64.*
+    - name: binfmt
       run: |
-        make test
-    - name: riscv64
+        docker run --privileged --rm tonistiigi/binfmt --install riscv64
+    - name: test
       env:
-        GO_TEST_FLAGS: -run ${{ matrix.target }}/.*arch=(riscv64|aarch64).*
+        GO_TEST_FLAGS: -run ${{ matrix.target }}/.*arch=${{ matrix.arch }}.*
       run: |
         make test
 

Dockerfile

@@ -53,8 +53,8 @@ COPY --link --from=oci-image-src / /oci
 # <vm-rootfs>/oci/rootfs          : rootfs dir this Dockerfile creates container's rootfs and used by the container.
 # <vm-rootfs>/oci/image.json      : container image config file used by init
 # <vm-rootfs>/oci/spec.json       : container runtime spec file used by init
-# <vm-rootfs>/etc/initconfig.json : configuration file for init
-RUN mkdir -p /out/oci/rootfs /out/oci/bundle /out/etc && \
+# <vm-rootfs>/oci/initconfig.json : configuration file for init
+RUN mkdir -p /out/oci/rootfs /out/oci/bundle && \
     IS_WIZER=false && \
     if test "${OPTIMIZATION_MODE}" = "wizer" ; then IS_WIZER=true ; fi && \
     NO_VMTOUCH_F=false && \
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ RUN mkdir -p /out/oci/rootfs /out/oci/bundle /out/etc && \
                 --runtime-config-path=/oci/spec.json \
                 --rootfs-path=/oci/rootfs \
                 /oci "${TARGETPLATFORM}" /out/oci/rootfs && \
-    mv image.json spec.json /out/oci/ && mv initconfig.json /out/etc/
+    mv image.json spec.json /out/oci/ && mv initconfig.json /out/oci/
 
 FROM ubuntu:22.04 AS gcc-riscv64-linux-gnu-base
 RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y gcc-riscv64-linux-gnu libc-dev-riscv64-cross git make
@@ -162,10 +162,11 @@ RUN git clone -b $BUSYBOX_VERSION --depth 1 https://git.busybox.net/busybox
 WORKDIR /work/busybox
 RUN make CROSS_COMPILE=riscv64-linux-gnu- LDFLAGS=--static defconfig
 RUN make CROSS_COMPILE=riscv64-linux-gnu- LDFLAGS=--static -j$(nproc)
-RUN mkdir -p /out && mv busybox /out/busybox
+RUN mkdir -p /out/bin && mv busybox /out/bin/busybox
 RUN make LDFLAGS=--static defconfig
 RUN make LDFLAGS=--static -j$(nproc)
-RUN for i in $(./busybox --list) ; do ln -s busybox /out/$i ; done
+RUN for i in $(./busybox --list) ; do ln -s busybox /out/bin/$i ; done
+RUN mkdir -p /out/usr/share/udhcpc/ && cp ./examples/udhcp/simple.script /out/usr/share/udhcpc/default.script
 
 FROM gcc-riscv64-linux-gnu-base AS tini-riscv64-dev
 # https://github.com/krallin/tini#building-tini
@@ -179,15 +180,14 @@ RUN cmake . && make && mkdir /out/ && mv tini /out/
 
 FROM ubuntu:22.04 AS rootfs-riscv64-dev
 RUN apt-get update -y && apt-get install -y mkisofs
-COPY --link --from=busybox-riscv64-dev /out/ /rootfs/bin/
+COPY --link --from=busybox-riscv64-dev /out/ /rootfs/
 COPY --link --from=binfmt-dev / /rootfs/
 COPY --link --from=runc-riscv64-dev /out/runc /rootfs/sbin/runc
 COPY --link --from=bundle-dev /out/ /rootfs/
 COPY --link --from=init-riscv64-dev /out/init /rootfs/sbin/init
 COPY --link --from=vmtouch-riscv64-dev /out/vmtouch /rootfs/bin/
 COPY --link --from=tini-riscv64-dev /out/tini /rootfs/sbin/tini
-RUN mkdir -p /rootfs/proc /rootfs/sys /rootfs/mnt /rootfs/run /rootfs/tmp /rootfs/dev /rootfs/var && mknod /rootfs/dev/null c 1 3 && chmod 666 /rootfs/dev/null
-RUN touch /rootfs/etc/resolv.conf /rootfs/etc/hosts
+RUN mkdir -p /rootfs/proc /rootfs/sys /rootfs/mnt /rootfs/run /rootfs/tmp /rootfs/dev /rootfs/var /rootfs/etc && mknod /rootfs/dev/null c 1 3 && chmod 666 /rootfs/dev/null
 RUN mkdir /out/ && mkisofs -l -J -R -o /out/rootfs.bin /rootfs/
 # RUN isoinfo -i /out/rootfs.bin -l
 
@@ -320,10 +320,11 @@ RUN git clone -b $BUSYBOX_VERSION --depth 1 https://git.busybox.net/busybox
 WORKDIR /work/busybox
 RUN make CROSS_COMPILE=x86_64-linux-gnu- LDFLAGS=--static defconfig
 RUN make CROSS_COMPILE=x86_64-linux-gnu- LDFLAGS=--static -j$(nproc)
-RUN mkdir -p /out && mv busybox /out/busybox
+RUN mkdir -p /out/bin && mv busybox /out/bin/busybox
 RUN make LDFLAGS=--static defconfig
 RUN make LDFLAGS=--static -j$(nproc)
-RUN for i in $(./busybox --list) ; do ln -s busybox /out/$i ; done
+RUN for i in $(./busybox --list) ; do ln -s busybox /out/bin/$i ; done
+RUN mkdir -p /out/usr/share/udhcpc/ && cp ./examples/udhcp/simple.script /out/usr/share/udhcpc/default.script
 
 FROM golang-base AS runc-amd64-dev
 ARG RUNC_VERSION
@@ -385,14 +386,13 @@ RUN git clone https://github.com/hoytech/vmtouch.git && \
 
 FROM ubuntu:22.04 AS rootfs-amd64-dev
 RUN apt-get update -y && apt-get install -y mkisofs
-COPY --link --from=busybox-amd64-dev /out/ /rootfs/bin/
+COPY --link --from=busybox-amd64-dev /out/ /rootfs/
 COPY --link --from=runc-amd64-dev /out/runc /rootfs/sbin/runc
 COPY --link --from=bundle-dev /out/ /rootfs/
 COPY --link --from=init-amd64-dev /out/init /rootfs/sbin/init
 COPY --link --from=vmtouch-amd64-dev /out/vmtouch /rootfs/bin/
 COPY --link --from=tini-amd64-dev /out/tini /rootfs/sbin/tini
 RUN mkdir -p /rootfs/proc /rootfs/sys /rootfs/mnt /rootfs/run /rootfs/tmp /rootfs/dev /rootfs/var /rootfs/etc && mknod /rootfs/dev/null c 1 3 && chmod 666 /rootfs/dev/null
-RUN touch /rootfs/etc/resolv.conf /rootfs/etc/hosts
 RUN mkdir /out/ && mkisofs -l -J -R -o /out/rootfs.bin /rootfs/
 # RUN isoinfo -i /out/rootfs.bin -l
 
@@ -450,6 +450,10 @@ RUN ${WASI_SDK_PATH}/bin/clang --sysroot=${WASI_SDK_PATH}/share/wasi-sysroot -O2
 RUN ${WASI_SDK_PATH}/bin/clang --sysroot=${WASI_SDK_PATH}/share/wasi-sysroot -O2 --target=wasm32-unknown-wasi -Wl,--export=wasm_setjmp -c jmp.S -o jmp_wrapper.o
 RUN ${WASI_SDK_PATH}/bin/wasm-ld jmp.o jmp_wrapper.o --export=wasm_setjmp --export=wasm_longjmp --export=handle_jmp --no-entry -r -o jmp
 
+COPY --link --from=assets ./patches/bochs/vfs /vfs
+WORKDIR /vfs
+RUN ${WASI_SDK_PATH}/bin/clang --sysroot=${WASI_SDK_PATH}/share/wasi-sysroot -O2 --target=wasm32-unknown-wasi -c vfs.c -I . -o vfs.o
+
 COPY --link --from=assets /patches/bochs/Bochs /Bochs
 WORKDIR /Bochs/bochs
 ARG INIT_DEBUG
@@ -461,7 +465,7 @@ RUN LOGGING_FLAG=--disable-logging && \
     ./configure --host wasm32-unknown-wasi --enable-x86-64 --with-nogui --enable-usb --enable-usb-ehci \
     --disable-large-ramfile --disable-show-ips --disable-stats ${LOGGING_FLAG} \
     --enable-repeat-speedups --enable-fast-function-calls --disable-trace-linking --enable-handlers-chaining # TODO: --enable-trace-linking causes "out of bounds memory access"
-RUN make -j$(nproc) bochs EMU_DEPS="/tools/wasi-vfs/libwasi_vfs.a /jmp/jmp -lrt"
+RUN make -j$(nproc) bochs EMU_DEPS="/tools/wasi-vfs/libwasi_vfs.a /jmp/jmp /vfs/vfs.o -lrt"
 RUN /binaryen/binaryen-version_${BINARYEN_VERSION}/bin/wasm-opt bochs --asyncify -O2 -o bochs.async --pass-arg=asyncify-ignore-imports
 RUN mv bochs.async bochs
 

Dockerfile.test

@@ -16,6 +16,16 @@ COPY ./tests/wazero /wazero
 WORKDIR /wazero
 RUN go build -o /out/wazero-test main.go
 
+FROM golang:1.21 AS httphello-dev
+COPY ./tests/httphello /httphello
+WORKDIR /httphello
+RUN go build -o /out/httphello main.go
+
+FROM golang:1.21 AS c2w-net-proxy-test-dev
+COPY ./tests/c2w-net-proxy-test /c2w-net-proxy-test
+WORKDIR /c2w-net-proxy-test
+RUN go build -o /out/c2w-net-proxy-test main.go
+
 FROM ubuntu:22.04
 ARG BUILDX_VERSION
 ARG DOCKER_VERSION
@@ -58,6 +68,8 @@ RUN wget https://github.com/WasmEdge/WasmEdge/releases/download/${WASMEDGE_VERSI
 
 # install wazero
 COPY --from=wazero-test-dev /out/wazero-test /usr/local/bin/
+COPY --from=httphello-dev /out/httphello /usr/local/bin/
+COPY --from=c2w-net-proxy-test-dev /out/c2w-net-proxy-test /usr/local/bin/
 
 # install golang
 RUN wget https://go.dev/dl/go${GOLANG_VERSION}.linux-amd64.tar.gz
@@ -69,6 +81,8 @@ ENV PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/go/bin
 COPY . /test/
 WORKDIR /test/
 RUN go build -o /usr/local/bin/ ./cmd/c2w
+RUN go build -o /usr/local/bin/ ./cmd/c2w-net
+RUN cd extras/c2w-net-proxy/ ; GOOS=wasip1 GOARCH=wasm go build -o /opt/c2w-net-proxy.wasm .
 
 ENTRYPOINT ["dockerd-entrypoint.sh"]
 CMD []

Makefile

@@ -8,24 +8,31 @@ GO_EXTRA_LDFLAGS=-extldflags '-static'
 GO_LD_FLAGS=-ldflags '-s -w -X $(PKG)/version.Version=$(VERSION) -X $(PKG)/version.Revision=$(REVISION) $(GO_EXTRA_LDFLAGS)'
 GO_BUILDTAGS=-tags "osusergo netgo static_build"
 
-all: c2w
+all: c2w c2w-net
 
-build: c2w
+build: c2w c2w-net
 
 c2w:
 	CGO_ENABLED=0 go build -o $(PREFIX)/c2w $(GO_LD_FLAGS) $(GO_BUILDTAGS) -v ./cmd/c2w
 
+c2w-net:
+	CGO_ENABLED=0 go build -o $(PREFIX)/c2w-net $(GO_LD_FLAGS) $(GO_BUILDTAGS) -v ./cmd/c2w-net
+
+c2w-net-proxy.wasm:
+	cd extras/c2w-net-proxy/ ; GOOS=wasip1 GOARCH=wasm go build -o $(PREFIX)/c2w-net-proxy.wasm .
+
 install:
 	install -D -m 755 $(PREFIX)/c2w $(CMD_DESTDIR)/bin
+	install -D -m 755 $(PREFIX)/c2w-net $(CMD_DESTDIR)/bin
 
 artifacts: clean
-	GOOS=linux GOARCH=amd64 make c2w
-	tar -C $(PREFIX) --owner=0 --group=0 -zcvf $(PREFIX)/container2wasm-$(VERSION)-linux-amd64.tar.gz c2w
+	GOOS=linux GOARCH=amd64 make c2w c2w-net
+	tar -C $(PREFIX) --owner=0 --group=0 -zcvf $(PREFIX)/container2wasm-$(VERSION)-linux-amd64.tar.gz c2w c2w-net
 
-	GOOS=linux GOARCH=arm64 make c2w
-	tar -C $(PREFIX) --owner=0 --group=0 -zcvf $(PREFIX)/container2wasm-$(VERSION)-linux-arm64.tar.gz c2w
+	GOOS=linux GOARCH=arm64 make c2w c2w-net
+	tar -C $(PREFIX) --owner=0 --group=0 -zcvf $(PREFIX)/container2wasm-$(VERSION)-linux-arm64.tar.gz c2w c2w-net
 
-	rm -f $(PREFIX)/c2w
+	rm -f $(PREFIX)/c2w $(PREFIX)/c2w-net
 
 test:
 	./tests/test.sh

README.md

@@ -48,14 +48,18 @@ $ wasmtime --mapdir /mnt/share::/tmp/share out.wasm cat /mnt/share/from-host
 hi
 ```
 
+> Please refer to [`./examples/networking/wasi/`](./examples/networking/wasi/) for enabling networking
+
 ### Container on Browser
 
 ![Container on browser](./docs/images/ubuntu-wasi-on-browser.png)
 
 You can run the container on browser as well.
 There are two methods for running the container on browser.
 
-> NOTE: Please also refer to [`./examples/wasi-browser`](./examples/wasi-browser/) (WASI-on-browser example) and [`./examples/emscripten`](./examples/emscripten/) (emscripten example).
+> Please also refer to [`./examples/wasi-browser`](./examples/wasi-browser/) (WASI-on-browser example) and [`./examples/emscripten`](./examples/emscripten/) (emscripten example).
+
+> Please refer to [`./examples/networking/`](./examples/networking/) for details about enabling networking.
 
 #### WASI on browser
 
@@ -80,6 +84,41 @@ $ docker run --rm -p 8080:80 \
 
 You can run the container on browser via `localhost:8080`.
 
+##### WASI on browser with networking
+
+![Debian container on browser with browser networking](./docs/images/debian-curl-wasi-on-browser-frontend-networking.png)
+
+Container can also perform networking.
+This section is the demo of using curl command in the container.
+
+> Tested only on Chrome. The example might not work on other browsers.
+
+```
+$ cat <<EOF | docker build -t debian-curl -
+FROM debian:sid-slim
+RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y curl
+EOF
+$ c2w debian-curl /tmp/out-js2/htdocs/out.wasm
+```
+
+This example serves the image on `localhost:8080` using apache http server.
+The following also builds the [network stack runnable on browser](./extras/c2w-net-proxy/) and puts it to the document root.
+
+```
+$ cp -R ./examples/wasi-browser/* /tmp/out-js2/ && chmod 755 /tmp/out-js2/htdocs
+$ PREFIX=/tmp/out-js2/htdocs/ make c2w-net-proxy.wasm
+$ docker run --rm -p 8080:80 \
+         -v "/tmp/out-js2/htdocs:/usr/local/apache2/htdocs/:ro" \
+         -v "/tmp/out-js2/xterm-pty.conf:/usr/local/apache2/conf/extra/xterm-pty.conf:ro" \
+         --entrypoint=/bin/sh httpd -c 'echo "Include conf/extra/xterm-pty.conf" >> /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf && httpd-foreground'
+```
+
+You can run the container on browser with several types of configurations:
+
+- `localhost:8080/?net=browser`: Container with networking. [Network stack](./extras/c2w-net-proxy/) based on [`gvisor-tap-vsock`](https://github.com/containers/gvisor-tap-vsock) runs on browser and forwards HTTP/HTTPS packets using the browser's Fetch API. The set of accesible sites is restricted by the browser configuration (e.g. CORS restriction). See also [`./examples/networking/fetch`](./examples/networking/fetch/) for detalis.
+- `localhost:8080/?net=delegate=ws://localhost:8888`: Container with networking. You need to run [user-space network stack](./cmd/c2w-net/) based on [`gvisor-tap-vsock`](https://github.com/containers/gvisor-tap-vsock) on the host (outside of browser). It forwards all packets received from the browser over WebSocket. See also [`./examples/networking/websocket`](./examples/networking/websocket/) for detalis and configuration.
+- `localhost:8080`: Container without networking.
+
 #### emscripten on browser
 
 This example uses emscripten for converting the container to WASM.
@@ -108,20 +147,25 @@ You can run the container on browser via `localhost:8080`.
 
 > NOTE: It can take some time to load and start the container.
 
+Networking can also be enabled using the [user-space network stack](./cmd/c2w-net/) based on [`gvisor-tap-vsock`](https://github.com/containers/gvisor-tap-vsock) serving over WebSocket on the host (outside of browser).
+See also [`./examples/networking/websocket`](./examples/networking/websocket/) for detalis.
+
 ## Getting Started
 
 - requirements
   - Docker 18.09+ (w/ `DOCKER_BUILDKIT=1`)
   - [Docker Buildx](https://docs.docker.com/build/install-buildx/) v0.8+ (recommended) or `docker build` (w/ `DOCKER_BUILDKIT=1`)
 
-You can install the converter command `c2w` using one of the following methods:
+You can install the converter command `c2w` using one of the following methods.
+
+> NOTE: The output binary also contains [`c2w-net`](./cmd/c2w-net/) which a command usable for controlling networking feature (please see also [./examples/networking](./examples/networking/) for details).
 
-### Release binary
+### Release binaries
 
 Binaries are available from https://github.com/ktock/container2wasm/releases
 Extract the tarball and put the binary somewhere under `$PATH`.
 
-### Building binary using make
+### Building binaries using make
 
 Go 1.19+ is needed.
 
@@ -218,23 +262,23 @@ The following shows the techniqual details:
 
 ### x86_64 containers
 
-|runtime |stdio|mapdir|note|
-|---|---|---|---|
-|wasmtime|:heavy_check_mark:|:heavy_check_mark:||
-|wamr(wasm-micro-runtime)|:heavy_check_mark:|:heavy_check_mark:||
-|wazero|:heavy_check_mark:|:heavy_check_mark:||
-|wasmer|:construction: (stdin unsupported)|:heavy_check_mark:|non-blocking stdin doesn't seem to work|
-|wasmedge|:construction: (stdin unsupported)|:heavy_check_mark:|non-blocking stdin doesn't seem to work|
+|runtime|stdio|mapdir|networking|note|
+|---|---|---|---|---|
+|wasmtime|:heavy_check_mark:|:heavy_check_mark:|:heavy_check_mark: (w/ [host-side network stack](./examples/networking/wasi/))||
+|wamr(wasm-micro-runtime)|:heavy_check_mark:|:heavy_check_mark:|:construction:||
+|wazero|:heavy_check_mark:|:heavy_check_mark:|:heavy_check_mark: (w/ [host-side network stack](./examples/networking/wasi/)||
+|wasmer|:construction: (stdin unsupported)|:heavy_check_mark:|:construction:|non-blocking stdin doesn't seem to work|
+|wasmedge|:construction: (stdin unsupported)|:heavy_check_mark:|:construction:|non-blocking stdin doesn't seem to work|
 
 ### risc-v and other architecutre's containers
 
-|runtime |stdio|mapdir|note|
-|---|---|---|---|
-|wasmtime|:heavy_check_mark:|:heavy_check_mark:||
-|wamr(wasm-micro-runtime)|:heavy_check_mark:|:heavy_check_mark:||
-|wazero|:heavy_check_mark:|:heavy_check_mark:||
-|wasmer|:construction: (stdin unsupported)|:heavy_check_mark:|non-blocking stdin doesn't seem to work|
-|wasmedge|:construction: (stdin unsupported)|:heavy_check_mark:|non-blocking stdin doesn't seem to work|
+|runtime |stdio|mapdir|networking|note|
+|---|---|---|---|---|
+|wasmtime|:heavy_check_mark:|:heavy_check_mark:|:heavy_check_mark: (w/ [host-side network stack](./examples/networking/wasi/))||
+|wamr(wasm-micro-runtime)|:heavy_check_mark:|:heavy_check_mark:|:construction:||
+|wazero|:heavy_check_mark:|:heavy_check_mark:|:heavy_check_mark: (w/ [host-side network stack](./examples/networking/wasi/))||
+|wasmer|:construction: (stdin unsupported)|:heavy_check_mark:|:construction:|non-blocking stdin doesn't seem to work|
+|wasmedge|:construction: (stdin unsupported)|:heavy_check_mark:|:construction:|non-blocking stdin doesn't seem to work|
 
 ## Similar projects
 
@@ -282,6 +326,7 @@ Re-compilation (and possibe re-implementation) of the application is needed.
   - vmtouch ([license](https://github.com/hoytech/vmtouch/blob/master/LICENSE)): https://github.com/hoytech/vmtouch
   - BusyBox ([GNU General Public License version 2](https://www.busybox.net/license.html)): https://git.busybox.net/busybox
 
-- On-browser example relies on xterm-pty and `browser_wasi_shim`(for WASI-on-browser).
+- On-browser example relies on the following softwares.
   - xterm-pty ([MIT License](https://github.com/mame/xterm-pty/blob/main/LICENSE.txt)): https://github.com/mame/xterm-pty
   - `browser_wasi_shim` (either of [MIT License](https://github.com/bjorn3/browser_wasi_shim/blob/main/LICENSE-MIT) and [Apache License 2.0](https://github.com/bjorn3/browser_wasi_shim/blob/main/LICENSE-APACHE)): https://github.com/bjorn3/browser_wasi_shim
+  - `gvisor-tap-vsock` ([Apache License 2.0](https://github.com/containers/gvisor-tap-vsock/blob/main/LICENSE)): https://github.com/containers/gvisor-tap-vsock