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<h1 id="自动释放池"><a href="#自动释放池" class="headerlink" title="自动释放池"></a>自动释放池</h1><h2 id="作用"><a href="#作用" class="headerlink" title="作用"></a>作用</h2><p><img src="https://ws1.sinaimg.cn/large/006tNc79ly1g2bqc1dfxuj30go0ciab3.jpg" alt=""></p>
<ul>
<li>自动释放对象的</li>
<li>所有 <code>autorelease</code> 的对象，在出了作用域之后，会被自动添加到<code>最近创建的</code>自动释放池中</li>
<li>自动释放池被销毁或者耗尽时，会向池中所有对象发送 <code>release</code> 消息，释放池中对象</li>
<li>自动释放池，在 <code>ARC</code> & <code>MRC</code> 程序中，同样有效</li>
</ul>
<a id="more"></a>
<p>App启动后，苹果在主线程 RunLoop 里注册了两个 Observer管理和维护AutoreleasePool，其回调都是 _wrapRunLoopWithAutoreleasePoolHandler()，打印currentRunLoop可以看到。</p>
<figure class="highlight c"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><CFRunLoopObserver <span class="number">0x6080001246a0</span> [<span class="number">0x101f81df0</span>]>{valid = Yes, activities = <span class="number">0x1</span>, repeats = Yes, order = <span class="number">-2147483647</span>, callout = _wrapRunLoopWithAutoreleasePoolHandler (<span class="number">0x1020e07ce</span>), context = <CFArray <span class="number">0x60800004cae0</span> [<span class="number">0x101f81df0</span>]>{type = <span class="keyword">mutable</span>-small, count = <span class="number">0</span>, values = ()}}</span><br><span class="line"><CFRunLoopObserver <span class="number">0x608000124420</span> [<span class="number">0x101f81df0</span>]>{valid = Yes, activities = <span class="number">0xa0</span>, repeats = Yes, order = <span class="number">2147483647</span>, callout = _wrapRunLoopWithAutoreleasePoolHandler (<span class="number">0x1020e07ce</span>), context = <CFArray <span class="number">0x60800004cae0</span> [<span class="number">0x101f81df0</span>]>{type = <span class="keyword">mutable</span>-small, count = <span class="number">0</span>, values = ()}}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<ul>
<li><p>第一个 Observer 监视的事件是 Entry(即将进入Loop)，其回调内会调用 _objc_autoreleasePoolPush() 创建自动释放池。其 order 是-2147483647，优先级最高，保证创建释放池发生在其他所有回调之前。</p>
</li>
<li><p>第二个 Observer 监视了两个事件，这个 Observer 的 order 是 2147483647，优先级最低，保证其释放池子发生在其他所有回调之后： </p>
<ul>
<li>BeforeWaiting(准备进入休眠)时调用<code>_objc_autoreleasePoolPop()</code> 和 <code>_objc_autoreleasePoolPush()</code> 释放旧的池并创建新池；</li>
<li>Exit(即将退出Loop) 时调用 _objc_autoreleasePoolPop() 来释放自动释放池。</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p>主线程的其他操作通常均在这个AutoreleasePool之内（main函数中），以尽可能减少内存维护操作(当然你如果需要显式释放【例如循环】时可以自己创建AutoreleasePool否则一般不需要自己创建)。</p>
<h3 id="常见面试题："><a href="#常见面试题：" class="headerlink" title="常见面试题："></a>常见面试题：</h3><h4 id="1-自动释放池是什么时候创建的？什么时候销毁的？"><a href="#1-自动释放池是什么时候创建的？什么时候销毁的？" class="headerlink" title="1. 自动释放池是什么时候创建的？什么时候销毁的？"></a>1. 自动释放池是什么时候创建的？什么时候销毁的？</h4><ul>
<li>创建，运行循环检测到事件并启动后，就会创建自动释放池</li>
<li>销毁：一次完整的运行循环结束之前，会被销毁</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="2-以上代码是否有问题？如果有，如何解决？"><a href="#2-以上代码是否有问题？如果有，如何解决？" class="headerlink" title="2. 以上代码是否有问题？如果有，如何解决？"></a>2. 以上代码是否有问题？如果有，如何解决？</h4><figure class="highlight objectivec"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">for</span> (<span class="keyword">long</span> i = <span class="number">0</span>; i < largeNumber; ++i) {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="built_in">NSString</span> *str = [<span class="built_in">NSString</span> stringWithFormat:<span class="string">@"hello - %ld"</span>, i];</span><br><span class="line"> str = [str uppercaseString];</span><br><span class="line"> str = [str stringByAppendingString:<span class="string">@" - world"</span>];</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>解决方法：引入自动释放池</p>
<ul>
<li>1> 外面加自动释放池（快？）：能够保证for循环结束后，内部产生的自动释放对象，都会被销毁，需要等到 for 结束后，才会释放内存</li>
<li>2> 里面加自动释放池（慢？）：能够每一次 for 都释放产生的自动释放对象！</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight objectivec"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">- (<span class="keyword">void</span>)touchesBegan:(<span class="built_in">NSSet</span> *)touches withEvent:(<span class="built_in">UIEvent</span> *)event {</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="built_in">NSLog</span>(<span class="string">@"start"</span>);</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="built_in">CFAbsoluteTime</span> start = <span class="built_in">CFAbsoluteTimeGetCurrent</span>();</span><br><span class="line"> [<span class="keyword">self</span> answer1];</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="built_in">NSLog</span>(<span class="string">@"外 %f"</span>, <span class="built_in">CFAbsoluteTimeGetCurrent</span>() - start);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> start = <span class="built_in">CFAbsoluteTimeGetCurrent</span>();</span><br><span class="line"> [<span class="keyword">self</span> answer2];</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="built_in">NSLog</span>(<span class="string">@"内 %f"</span>, <span class="built_in">CFAbsoluteTimeGetCurrent</span>() - start);</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">- (<span class="keyword">void</span>)answer1 {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">@autoreleasepool</span> {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">for</span> (<span class="keyword">long</span> i = <span class="number">0</span>; i < largeNumber; ++i) {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="built_in">NSString</span> *str = [<span class="built_in">NSString</span> stringWithFormat:<span class="string">@"hello - %ld"</span>, i];</span><br><span class="line"> str = [str uppercaseString];</span><br><span class="line"> str = [str stringByAppendingString:<span class="string">@" - world"</span>];</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">- (<span class="keyword">void</span>)answer2 {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">for</span> (<span class="keyword">long</span> i = <span class="number">0</span>; i < largeNumber; ++i) {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">@autoreleasepool</span> {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="built_in">NSString</span> *str = [<span class="built_in">NSString</span> stringWithFormat:<span class="string">@"hello - %ld"</span>, i];</span><br><span class="line"> str = [str uppercaseString];</span><br><span class="line"> str = [str stringByAppendingString:<span class="string">@" - world"</span>];</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<ul>
<li><strong>实际测试结果，是运行循环放在内部的速度更快！</strong></li>
<li>日常开发中，如果遇到局部代码内存峰值很高，可以引入运行循环及时释放延迟释放对象</li>
</ul>
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<div class="post-toc-content"><ol class="nav"><li class="nav-item nav-level-1"><a class="nav-link" href="#自动释放池"><span class="nav-number">1.</span> <span class="nav-text">自动释放池</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#作用"><span class="nav-number">1.1.</span> <span class="nav-text">作用</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#常见面试题："><span class="nav-number">1.1.1.</span> <span class="nav-text">常见面试题：</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-4"><a class="nav-link" href="#1-自动释放池是什么时候创建的？什么时候销毁的？"><span class="nav-number">1.1.1.1.</span> <span class="nav-text">1. 自动释放池是什么时候创建的？什么时候销毁的？</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-4"><a class="nav-link" href="#2-以上代码是否有问题？如果有，如何解决？"><span class="nav-number">1.1.1.2.</span> <span class="nav-text">2. 以上代码是否有问题？如果有，如何解决？</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li></ol></li></ol></div>
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