diff --git a/apps/dashboard/src/components/UserDetails/Content.tsx b/apps/dashboard/src/components/UserDetails/Content.tsx
index 07bffb719..790488b11 100644
--- a/apps/dashboard/src/components/UserDetails/Content.tsx
+++ b/apps/dashboard/src/components/UserDetails/Content.tsx
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ import { rolesMap } from "@/components/utils/user";
 import { useFormatMessage } from "@litespace/luna/hooks/intl";
 
 const Content: React.FC<{
-  user?: IUser.Self;
+  user?: IUser.PopulatedSelf;
   tutor?: ITutor.Self;
   tutorStats?: ITutor.FindTutorStatsApiResponse | null;
   loading?: boolean;
diff --git a/apps/dashboard/src/components/Users/List.tsx b/apps/dashboard/src/components/Users/List.tsx
index 62b5bc0b6..60343e99d 100644
--- a/apps/dashboard/src/components/Users/List.tsx
+++ b/apps/dashboard/src/components/Users/List.tsx
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ const List: React.FC<{
   page: number;
 }> = ({ query, ...props }) => {
   const intl = useFormatMessage();
-  const columnHelper = createColumnHelper<IUser.Self>();
+  const columnHelper = createColumnHelper<IUser.PopulatedSelf>();
   const columns = useMemo(
     () => [
       columnHelper.accessor("id", {
diff --git a/apps/dashboard/src/pages/UserDetails.tsx b/apps/dashboard/src/pages/UserDetails.tsx
index 4f64be4bf..059cdc565 100644
--- a/apps/dashboard/src/pages/UserDetails.tsx
+++ b/apps/dashboard/src/pages/UserDetails.tsx
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ const UserDetails = () => {
     return value;
   }, [params.id]);
 
-  const query: UseQueryResult<IUser.Self> = useFindUserById(id);
+  const query: UseQueryResult<IUser.PopulatedSelf> = useFindUserById(id);
 
   const role = useMemo(() => {
     if (!query.data) return null;
diff --git a/packages/headless/src/users.ts b/packages/headless/src/users.ts
index 72072e113..0c8a13601 100644
--- a/packages/headless/src/users.ts
+++ b/packages/headless/src/users.ts
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import { QueryKey } from "./constants";
 
 export function useUsers(
   filter?: Omit<IUser.FindUsersApiQuery, "page" | "size">
-): UsePaginateResult<IUser.Self> {
+): UsePaginateResult<IUser.PopulatedSelf> {
   const atlas = useAtlas();
 
   const findUsers = useCallback(
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ export function useUsers(
 
 export function useFindUserById(
   id: string | number
-): UseQueryResult<IUser.Self> {
+): UseQueryResult<IUser.PopulatedSelf> {
   const atlas = useAtlas();
 
   const findUserById = useCallback(
diff --git a/packages/models/migrations/1716146586880_setup.js b/packages/models/migrations/1716146586880_setup.js
index 87ea38865..c86fe25dd 100644
--- a/packages/models/migrations/1716146586880_setup.js
+++ b/packages/models/migrations/1716146586880_setup.js
@@ -58,7 +58,6 @@ exports.up = (pgm) => {
     role: { type: "user_role", default: null },
     birth_year: { type: "INT", default: null },
     gender: { type: "user_gender", default: null },
-    //online: { type: "BOOLEAN", notNull: true, default: false },
     verified: { type: "BOOLEAN", notNull: true, default: false },
     phone_number: { type: "VARCHAR(15)", default: null },
     city: { type: "SMALLINT", default: null },
diff --git a/packages/models/src/cache/index.ts b/packages/models/src/cache/index.ts
index 1b9b4c695..b19e70df7 100644
--- a/packages/models/src/cache/index.ts
+++ b/packages/models/src/cache/index.ts
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import { Rules } from "@/cache/rules";
 import { RedisClient } from "@/cache/base";
 import { Peer } from "@/cache/peer";
 import { Call } from "@/cache/call";
-import { OnlineStatus } from "./onlineStatus";
+import { OnlineStatus } from "@/cache/onlineStatus";
 
 export class Cache {
   public tutors: Tutors;
diff --git a/packages/models/src/cache/onlineStatus.ts b/packages/models/src/cache/onlineStatus.ts
index fbe5de41a..ffeffae75 100644
--- a/packages/models/src/cache/onlineStatus.ts
+++ b/packages/models/src/cache/onlineStatus.ts
@@ -19,6 +19,12 @@ export class OnlineStatus extends CacheBase {
     return await this.client.hExists(this.key, this.asField(userId));
   }
 
+  async isOnlineBatch(userIds: number[]): Promise<boolean[]> {
+    return await Promise.all(
+      userIds.map(async id => this.client.hExists(this.key, this.asField(id)))
+    );
+  }
+
   private asField(userId: number): string {
     return userId.toString();
   }
diff --git a/packages/models/src/rooms.ts b/packages/models/src/rooms.ts
index 6fc37b1f1..e1ccd163c 100644
--- a/packages/models/src/rooms.ts
+++ b/packages/models/src/rooms.ts
@@ -100,7 +100,6 @@ export class Rooms {
       name: users.column("name"),
       image: users.column("image"),
       role: users.column("role"),
-      //online: users.column("online"), TODO: to be removed
       pinned: this.column.members("pinned"),
       muted: this.column.members("muted"),
       createdAt: users.column("created_at"),
@@ -258,10 +257,11 @@ export class Rooms {
     };
   }
 
-  async asPopulatedMember(row: IRoom.PopulatedMemberRow): Promise<IRoom.PopulatedMember> {
+  asPopulatedMember(row: IRoom.PopulatedMemberRow): IRoom.PopulatedMember {
     return merge(omit(row, "createdAt", "updatedAt"), {
       createdAt: row.createdAt.toISOString(),
       updatedAt: row.updatedAt.toISOString(),
+      online: false // TODO: substitute this workaround
     });
   }
 }
diff --git a/packages/models/src/tutors.ts b/packages/models/src/tutors.ts
index 79e869b79..2e4b561d9 100644
--- a/packages/models/src/tutors.ts
+++ b/packages/models/src/tutors.ts
@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@ const fullTutorFields: FullTutorFieldsMap = {
   password: users.column("password"),
   birthYear: users.column("birth_year"),
   gender: users.column("gender"),
-  //online: users.column("online"), TODO: to be removed
   verified: users.column("verified"),
   creditScore: users.column("credit_score"),
   city: users.column("city"),
diff --git a/packages/models/src/users.ts b/packages/models/src/users.ts
index 03d3dba9f..15235d02e 100644
--- a/packages/models/src/users.ts
+++ b/packages/models/src/users.ts
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@ export class Users {
       "role",
       "birth_year",
       "gender",
-      //"online", TODO: to be removed
       "verified",
       "city",
       "credit_score",
@@ -60,7 +59,6 @@ export class Users {
         email: payload.email,
         image: payload.image,
         gender: payload.gender,
-        //online: payload.online, TODO: to be removed
         name: payload.name,
         verified: payload.verified,
         password: payload.password,
@@ -120,7 +118,6 @@ export class Users {
     role,
     verified,
     gender,
-    //online, TODO: to be removed
     page,
     size,
     orderBy,
diff --git a/packages/models/tests/users.test.ts b/packages/models/tests/users.test.ts
index 82f6f708e..eb1f0207a 100644
--- a/packages/models/tests/users.test.ts
+++ b/packages/models/tests/users.test.ts
@@ -49,7 +49,6 @@ describe("Users", () => {
         birthYear: 2003,
         gender: IUser.Gender.Female,
         verified: true,
-        //online: true, TODO: to be removed
         creditScore: 2382001,
         phoneNumber: "01018303125",
         city: 2,
@@ -63,7 +62,6 @@ describe("Users", () => {
       expect(updated.birthYear).to.be.eq(2003);
       expect(updated.gender).to.be.eq(IUser.Gender.Female);
       expect(updated.verified).to.be.eq(true);
-      //expect(updated.online).to.be.eq(true); TODO: to be removed
       expect(updated.creditScore).to.be.eq(2382001);
       expect(updated.phoneNumber).to.be.eq("01018303125");
       expect(updated.city).to.be.eq(2);
diff --git a/packages/types/src/room.ts b/packages/types/src/room.ts
index ffbb1927f..507fa6f33 100644
--- a/packages/types/src/room.ts
+++ b/packages/types/src/room.ts
@@ -37,7 +37,6 @@ export type PopulatedMemberRow = {
   name: IUser.Row["name"];
   image: IUser.Row["image"];
   role: IUser.Row["role"];
-  //online: IUser.Row["online"]; TODO: to be removed
   createdAt: IUser.Row["created_at"];
   updatedAt: IUser.Row["updated_at"];
 };
@@ -51,7 +50,7 @@ export type PopulatedMember = {
   name: IUser.Self["name"];
   image: IUser.Self["image"];
   role: IUser.Self["role"];
-  //online: IUser.Self["online"]; TODO: to be removed
+  online: boolean;
   createdAt: IUser.Self["createdAt"];
   updatedAt: IUser.Self["updatedAt"];
 };
@@ -76,7 +75,7 @@ export type FindUserRoomsApiRecord = {
     id: number;
     name: string | null;
     image: string | null;
-    //online: boolean; TODO: to be removed
+    online: boolean;
     role: IUser.Role;
     lastSeen: string;
   };
diff --git a/packages/types/src/user.ts b/packages/types/src/user.ts
index 53be82774..e3f814dff 100644
--- a/packages/types/src/user.ts
+++ b/packages/types/src/user.ts
@@ -57,7 +57,6 @@ export type Self = {
   birthYear: number | null;
   gender: Gender | null;
   role: Role;
-  //online: boolean; TODO: to be removed
   verified: boolean;
   creditScore: number;
   city: City | null;
@@ -66,6 +65,8 @@ export type Self = {
   updatedAt: string;
 };
 
+export type PopulatedSelf = Self & { online: boolean };
+
 export type Row = {
   id: number;
   email: string;
@@ -75,7 +76,6 @@ export type Row = {
   birth_year: number | null;
   gender: Gender | null;
   role: Role;
-  //online: boolean; TODO: to be removed
   verified: boolean;
   credit_score: number;
   city: City | null;
@@ -106,7 +106,6 @@ export type UpdatePayload = {
   birthYear?: number;
   gender?: Gender;
   verified?: boolean;
-  //online?: boolean; TODO: to be removed
   creditScore?: number;
   phoneNumber?: string;
   city?: City;
@@ -150,7 +149,7 @@ export type LoginApiResponse = {
 
 export type RegisterApiResponse = LoginApiResponse;
 
-export type FindUsersApiResponse = Paginated<Self>;
+export type FindUsersApiResponse = Paginated<PopulatedSelf>;
 
 export type ResetPasswordApiResponse = LoginApiResponse;
 
diff --git a/services/server/src/handlers/user.ts b/services/server/src/handlers/user.ts
index f78e40d26..3fb1e4221 100644
--- a/services/server/src/handlers/user.ts
+++ b/services/server/src/handlers/user.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { tutors, users, knex, lessons } from "@litespace/models";
-import { ILesson, ITutor, IUser, Wss } from "@litespace/types";
+import { ILesson, ITutor, IUser, Paginated, Wss } from "@litespace/types";
 import {
   apierror,
   exists,
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ import { sendBackgroundMessage } from "@/workers";
 import { WorkerMessageType } from "@/workers/messages";
 import { isValidPassword } from "@litespace/sol/verification";
 import { selectTutorRuleEvents } from "@/lib/events";
-import { Gender } from "@litespace/types/dist/esm/user";
+import { Gender, PopulatedSelf } from "@litespace/types/dist/esm/user";
 import { isTutor, isTutorManager } from "@litespace/auth/dist/authorization";
 
 const createUserPayload = zod.object({
@@ -316,7 +316,17 @@ async function findUsers(req: Request, res: Response, next: NextFunction) {
 
   const query: IUser.FindUsersApiQuery = findUsersQuery.parse(req.query);
   const result = await users.find(query);
-  const response: IUser.FindUsersApiResponse = result;
+
+  const isOnlineList = await cache.onlineStatus.isOnlineBatch(result.list.map(user => user.id));
+  const resList = result.list.map<PopulatedSelf>((user, i) => ({
+    ...user, 
+    online: isOnlineList[i],
+  }));
+
+  const response: IUser.FindUsersApiResponse = {
+    list: resList,
+    total: result.total
+  };
 
   res.status(200).json(response);
 }
diff --git a/services/server/src/lib/chat.ts b/services/server/src/lib/chat.ts
index 67582b3f3..1953ce326 100644
--- a/services/server/src/lib/chat.ts
+++ b/services/server/src/lib/chat.ts
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@ export async function asFindUserRoomsApiRecord({
       id: otherMember.id,
       name: otherMember.name,
       image: otherMember.image,
+      online: otherMember.online,
       role: otherMember.role,
       lastSeen: otherMember.updatedAt,
     },
diff --git a/services/server/src/lib/tutor.ts b/services/server/src/lib/tutor.ts
index 04bb2af59..0dd42c841 100644
--- a/services/server/src/lib/tutor.ts
+++ b/services/server/src/lib/tutor.ts
@@ -68,10 +68,10 @@ export async function constructTutorsCache(date: Dayjs): Promise<TutorsCache> {
     }
   );
 
-  const onlineUsers = await cache.onlineStatus.getAll();
+  const isOnlineList = await cache.onlineStatus.isOnlineBatch(onboardedTutors.map(t => t.id));
 
   // restruct tutors list to match ITutor.Cache[]
-  const cacheTutors: ITutor.Cache[] = onboardedTutors.map((tutor) => {
+  const cacheTutors: ITutor.Cache[] = onboardedTutors.map((tutor, i) => {
     const filteredTopics = tutorsTopics
       ?.filter((item) => item.userId === tutor.id)
       .map((item) => item.name.ar);
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ export async function constructTutorsCache(date: Dayjs): Promise<TutorsCache> {
       bio: tutor.bio,
       about: tutor.about,
       gender: tutor.gender,
-      online: onlineUsers[tutor.id] ? true : false,
+      online: isOnlineList[i] ? true : false,
       notice: tutor.notice,
       topics: filteredTopics,
       avgRating:
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ export function orderTutors({
  * - lesson count
  */
 async function findTutorCacheMeta(tutorId: number) {
-  const [tutorTopics, avgRatings, studentCount, lessonCount] =
+  const [tutorTopics, avgRatings, studentCount, lessonCount, online] =
     await Promise.all([
       topics.findUserTopics({ users: [tutorId] }),
       ratings.findAvgRatings([tutorId]),
@@ -181,6 +181,7 @@ async function findTutorCacheMeta(tutorId: number) {
         canceled: false,
         ratified: true,
       }),
+      cache.onlineStatus.isOnline(tutorId),
     ]);
 
   return {
@@ -188,6 +189,7 @@ async function findTutorCacheMeta(tutorId: number) {
     avgRating: first(avgRatings)?.avg || 0,
     studentCount,
     lessonCount,
+    online,
   };
 }
 
@@ -201,6 +203,7 @@ export async function joinTutorCache(
         avgRating: cacheData.avgRating,
         studentCount: cacheData.studentCount,
         lessonCount: cacheData.lessonCount,
+        online: cacheData.online,
       }
     : await findTutorCacheMeta(tutor.id);
 
@@ -213,7 +216,6 @@ export async function joinTutorCache(
     about: tutor.about,
     gender: tutor.gender,
     notice: tutor.notice,
-    online: await cache.onlineStatus.isOnline(tutor.id),
     ...meta,
   };
 }
diff --git a/services/server/src/wss/handlers/connection.ts b/services/server/src/wss/handlers/connection.ts
index 477c72e31..3d9f656ad 100644
--- a/services/server/src/wss/handlers/connection.ts
+++ b/services/server/src/wss/handlers/connection.ts
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ export class Connection extends WssHandler {
       if (isGhost(user)) return;
 
       await cache.onlineStatus.addUser(user.id);
-      this.announceStatus(user.id, true);
+      this.announceStatus({ userId: user.id, online: true });
 
       await this.joinRooms();
       if (isAdmin(this.user)) this.emitServerStats();
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ export class Connection extends WssHandler {
       if (isGhost(user)) return;
 
       await cache.onlineStatus.removeUser(user.id);
-      this.announceStatus(user.id, false);
+      this.announceStatus({ userId: user.id, online: false });
 
       await this.deregisterPeer();
       await this.removeUserFromCalls();
@@ -46,13 +46,20 @@ export class Connection extends WssHandler {
     if (error instanceof Error) stdout.error(error.message);
   }
 
-  private async announceStatus(userId: number, status: boolean) {
+  private async announceStatus({
+    userId, 
+    online,
+  }: {
+    userId: number, 
+    online: boolean,
+  }) {
     const userRooms = await rooms.findMemberFullRoomIds(userId);
-
     for (const room of userRooms) {
-      this.broadcast(Wss.ServerEvent.UserStatusChanged, room.toString(), {
-        online: status,
-      });
+      this.broadcast(
+        Wss.ServerEvent.UserStatusChanged,
+        room.toString(),
+        { online }
+      );
     }
   }