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common.py
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import base64
import collections
import functools
import getpass
import http.client
import http.cookiejar
import http.cookies
import inspect
import itertools
import json
import math
import netrc
import os
import random
import re
import subprocess
import sys
import time
import types
import urllib.parse
import urllib.request
import xml.etree.ElementTree
from ..compat import (
compat_etree_fromstring,
compat_expanduser,
urllib_req_to_req,
)
from ..cookies import LenientSimpleCookie
from ..downloader.f4m import get_base_url, remove_encrypted_media
from ..downloader.hls import HlsFD
from ..globals import plugin_ies_overrides
from ..networking import HEADRequest, Request
from ..networking.exceptions import (
HTTPError,
IncompleteRead,
TransportError,
network_exceptions,
)
from ..networking.impersonate import ImpersonateTarget
from ..utils import (
IDENTITY,
JSON_LD_RE,
NO_DEFAULT,
ExtractorError,
FormatSorter,
GeoRestrictedError,
GeoUtils,
ISO639Utils,
LenientJSONDecoder,
Popen,
RegexNotFoundError,
RetryManager,
UnsupportedError,
age_restricted,
base_url,
bug_reports_message,
classproperty,
clean_html,
deprecation_warning,
determine_ext,
dict_get,
encode_data_uri,
extract_attributes,
filter_dict,
fix_xml_ampersands,
float_or_none,
format_field,
int_or_none,
join_nonempty,
js_to_json,
mimetype2ext,
netrc_from_content,
orderedSet,
parse_bitrate,
parse_codecs,
parse_duration,
parse_iso8601,
parse_m3u8_attributes,
parse_resolution,
sanitize_url,
smuggle_url,
str_or_none,
str_to_int,
strip_or_none,
traverse_obj,
truncate_string,
try_call,
try_get,
unescapeHTML,
unified_strdate,
unified_timestamp,
url_basename,
url_or_none,
urlhandle_detect_ext,
urljoin,
variadic,
xpath_element,
xpath_text,
xpath_with_ns,
)
from ..utils._utils import _request_dump_filename
class InfoExtractor:
"""Information Extractor class.
Information extractors are the classes that, given a URL, extract
information about the video (or videos) the URL refers to. This
information includes the real video URL, the video title, author and
others. The information is stored in a dictionary which is then
passed to the YoutubeDL. The YoutubeDL processes this
information possibly downloading the video to the file system, among
other possible outcomes.
The type field determines the type of the result.
By far the most common value (and the default if _type is missing) is
"video", which indicates a single video.
For a video, the dictionaries must include the following fields:
id: Video identifier.
title: Video title, unescaped. Set to an empty string if video has
no title as opposed to "None" which signifies that the
extractor failed to obtain a title
Additionally, it must contain either a formats entry or a url one:
formats: A list of dictionaries for each format available, ordered
from worst to best quality.
Potential fields:
* url The mandatory URL representing the media:
for plain file media - HTTP URL of this file,
for RTMP - RTMP URL,
for HLS - URL of the M3U8 media playlist,
for HDS - URL of the F4M manifest,
for DASH
- HTTP URL to plain file media (in case of
unfragmented media)
- URL of the MPD manifest or base URL
representing the media if MPD manifest
is parsed from a string (in case of
fragmented media)
for MSS - URL of the ISM manifest.
* request_data Data to send in POST request to the URL
* manifest_url
The URL of the manifest file in case of
fragmented media:
for HLS - URL of the M3U8 master playlist,
for HDS - URL of the F4M manifest,
for DASH - URL of the MPD manifest,
for MSS - URL of the ISM manifest.
* manifest_stream_number (For internal use only)
The index of the stream in the manifest file
* ext Will be calculated from URL if missing
* format A human-readable description of the format
("mp4 container with h264/opus").
Calculated from the format_id, width, height.
and format_note fields if missing.
* format_id A short description of the format
("mp4_h264_opus" or "19").
Technically optional, but strongly recommended.
* format_note Additional info about the format
("3D" or "DASH video")
* width Width of the video, if known
* height Height of the video, if known
* aspect_ratio Aspect ratio of the video, if known
Automatically calculated from width and height
* resolution Textual description of width and height
Automatically calculated from width and height
* dynamic_range The dynamic range of the video. One of:
"SDR" (None), "HDR10", "HDR10+, "HDR12", "HLG, "DV"
* tbr Average bitrate of audio and video in kbps (1000 bits/sec)
* abr Average audio bitrate in kbps (1000 bits/sec)
* acodec Name of the audio codec in use
* asr Audio sampling rate in Hertz
* audio_channels Number of audio channels
* vbr Average video bitrate in kbps (1000 bits/sec)
* fps Frame rate
* vcodec Name of the video codec in use
* container Name of the container format
* filesize The number of bytes, if known in advance
* filesize_approx An estimate for the number of bytes
* player_url SWF Player URL (used for rtmpdump).
* protocol The protocol that will be used for the actual
download, lower-case. One of "http", "https" or
one of the protocols defined in downloader.PROTOCOL_MAP
* fragment_base_url
Base URL for fragments. Each fragment's path
value (if present) will be relative to
this URL.
* fragments A list of fragments of a fragmented media.
Each fragment entry must contain either an url
or a path. If an url is present it should be
considered by a client. Otherwise both path and
fragment_base_url must be present. Here is
the list of all potential fields:
* "url" - fragment's URL
* "path" - fragment's path relative to
fragment_base_url
* "duration" (optional, int or float)
* "filesize" (optional, int)
* hls_media_playlist_data
The M3U8 media playlist data as a string.
Only use if the data must be modified during extraction and
the native HLS downloader should bypass requesting the URL.
Does not apply if ffmpeg is used as external downloader
* is_from_start Is a live format that can be downloaded
from the start. Boolean
* preference Order number of this format. If this field is
present and not None, the formats get sorted
by this field, regardless of all other values.
-1 for default (order by other properties),
-2 or smaller for less than default.
< -1000 to hide the format (if there is
another one which is strictly better)
* language Language code, e.g. "de" or "en-US".
* language_preference Is this in the language mentioned in
the URL?
10 if it's what the URL is about,
-1 for default (don't know),
-10 otherwise, other values reserved for now.
* quality Order number of the video quality of this
format, irrespective of the file format.
-1 for default (order by other properties),
-2 or smaller for less than default.
* source_preference Order number for this video source
(quality takes higher priority)
-1 for default (order by other properties),
-2 or smaller for less than default.
* http_headers A dictionary of additional HTTP headers
to add to the request.
* stretched_ratio If given and not 1, indicates that the
video's pixels are not square.
width : height ratio as float.
* no_resume The server does not support resuming the
(HTTP or RTMP) download. Boolean.
* has_drm True if the format has DRM and cannot be downloaded.
'maybe' if the format may have DRM and has to be tested before download.
* extra_param_to_segment_url A query string to append to each
fragment's URL, or to update each existing query string
with. If it is an HLS stream with an AES-128 decryption key,
the query paramaters will be passed to the key URI as well,
unless there is an `extra_param_to_key_url` given,
or unless an external key URI is provided via `hls_aes`.
Only applied by the native HLS/DASH downloaders.
* extra_param_to_key_url A query string to append to the URL
of the format's HLS AES-128 decryption key.
Only applied by the native HLS downloader.
* hls_aes A dictionary of HLS AES-128 decryption information
used by the native HLS downloader to override the
values in the media playlist when an '#EXT-X-KEY' tag
is present in the playlist:
* uri The URI from which the key will be downloaded
* key The key (as hex) used to decrypt fragments.
If `key` is given, any key URI will be ignored
* iv The IV (as hex) used to decrypt fragments
* downloader_options A dictionary of downloader options
(For internal use only)
* http_chunk_size Chunk size for HTTP downloads
* ffmpeg_args Extra arguments for ffmpeg downloader (input)
* ffmpeg_args_out Extra arguments for ffmpeg downloader (output)
* is_dash_periods Whether the format is a result of merging
multiple DASH periods.
RTMP formats can also have the additional fields: page_url,
app, play_path, tc_url, flash_version, rtmp_live, rtmp_conn,
rtmp_protocol, rtmp_real_time
url: Final video URL.
ext: Video filename extension.
format: The video format, defaults to ext (used for --get-format)
player_url: SWF Player URL (used for rtmpdump).
The following fields are optional:
direct: True if a direct video file was given (must only be set by GenericIE)
alt_title: A secondary title of the video.
display_id: An alternative identifier for the video, not necessarily
unique, but available before title. Typically, id is
something like "4234987", title "Dancing naked mole rats",
and display_id "dancing-naked-mole-rats"
thumbnails: A list of dictionaries, with the following entries:
* "id" (optional, string) - Thumbnail format ID
* "url"
* "ext" (optional, string) - actual image extension if not given in URL
* "preference" (optional, int) - quality of the image
* "width" (optional, int)
* "height" (optional, int)
* "resolution" (optional, string "{width}x{height}",
deprecated)
* "filesize" (optional, int)
* "http_headers" (dict) - HTTP headers for the request
thumbnail: Full URL to a video thumbnail image.
description: Full video description.
uploader: Full name of the video uploader.
license: License name the video is licensed under.
creators: List of creators of the video.
timestamp: UNIX timestamp of the moment the video was uploaded
upload_date: Video upload date in UTC (YYYYMMDD).
If not explicitly set, calculated from timestamp
release_timestamp: UNIX timestamp of the moment the video was released.
If it is not clear whether to use timestamp or this, use the former
release_date: The date (YYYYMMDD) when the video was released in UTC.
If not explicitly set, calculated from release_timestamp
release_year: Year (YYYY) as integer when the video or album was released.
To be used if no exact release date is known.
If not explicitly set, calculated from release_date.
modified_timestamp: UNIX timestamp of the moment the video was last modified.
modified_date: The date (YYYYMMDD) when the video was last modified in UTC.
If not explicitly set, calculated from modified_timestamp
uploader_id: Nickname or id of the video uploader.
uploader_url: Full URL to a personal webpage of the video uploader.
channel: Full name of the channel the video is uploaded on.
Note that channel fields may or may not repeat uploader
fields. This depends on a particular extractor.
channel_id: Id of the channel.
channel_url: Full URL to a channel webpage.
channel_follower_count: Number of followers of the channel.
channel_is_verified: Whether the channel is verified on the platform.
location: Physical location where the video was filmed.
subtitles: The available subtitles as a dictionary in the format
{tag: subformats}. "tag" is usually a language code, and
"subformats" is a list sorted from lower to higher
preference, each element is a dictionary with the "ext"
entry and one of:
* "data": The subtitles file contents
* "url": A URL pointing to the subtitles file
It can optionally also have:
* "name": Name or description of the subtitles
* "http_headers": A dictionary of additional HTTP headers
to add to the request.
"ext" will be calculated from URL if missing
automatic_captions: Like 'subtitles'; contains automatically generated
captions instead of normal subtitles
duration: Length of the video in seconds, as an integer or float.
view_count: How many users have watched the video on the platform.
concurrent_view_count: How many users are currently watching the video on the platform.
like_count: Number of positive ratings of the video
dislike_count: Number of negative ratings of the video
repost_count: Number of reposts of the video
average_rating: Average rating given by users, the scale used depends on the webpage
comment_count: Number of comments on the video
comments: A list of comments, each with one or more of the following
properties (all but one of text or html optional):
* "author" - human-readable name of the comment author
* "author_id" - user ID of the comment author
* "author_thumbnail" - The thumbnail of the comment author
* "author_url" - The url to the comment author's page
* "author_is_verified" - Whether the author is verified
on the platform
* "author_is_uploader" - Whether the comment is made by
the video uploader
* "id" - Comment ID
* "html" - Comment as HTML
* "text" - Plain text of the comment
* "timestamp" - UNIX timestamp of comment
* "parent" - ID of the comment this one is replying to.
Set to "root" to indicate that this is a
comment to the original video.
* "like_count" - Number of positive ratings of the comment
* "dislike_count" - Number of negative ratings of the comment
* "is_favorited" - Whether the comment is marked as
favorite by the video uploader
* "is_pinned" - Whether the comment is pinned to
the top of the comments
age_limit: Age restriction for the video, as an integer (years)
webpage_url: The URL to the video webpage, if given to yt-dlp it
should allow to get the same result again. (It will be set
by YoutubeDL if it's missing)
categories: A list of categories that the video falls in, for example
["Sports", "Berlin"]
tags: A list of tags assigned to the video, e.g. ["sweden", "pop music"]
cast: A list of the video cast
is_live: True, False, or None (=unknown). Whether this video is a
live stream that goes on instead of a fixed-length video.
was_live: True, False, or None (=unknown). Whether this video was
originally a live stream.
live_status: None (=unknown), 'is_live', 'is_upcoming', 'was_live', 'not_live',
or 'post_live' (was live, but VOD is not yet processed)
If absent, automatically set from is_live, was_live
start_time: Time in seconds where the reproduction should start, as
specified in the URL.
end_time: Time in seconds where the reproduction should end, as
specified in the URL.
chapters: A list of dictionaries, with the following entries:
* "start_time" - The start time of the chapter in seconds
* "end_time" - The end time of the chapter in seconds
* "title" (optional, string)
heatmap: A list of dictionaries, with the following entries:
* "start_time" - The start time of the data point in seconds
* "end_time" - The end time of the data point in seconds
* "value" - The normalized value of the data point (float between 0 and 1)
playable_in_embed: Whether this video is allowed to play in embedded
players on other sites. Can be True (=always allowed),
False (=never allowed), None (=unknown), or a string
specifying the criteria for embedability; e.g. 'whitelist'
availability: Under what condition the video is available. One of
'private', 'premium_only', 'subscriber_only', 'needs_auth',
'unlisted' or 'public'. Use 'InfoExtractor._availability'
to set it
media_type: The type of media as classified by the site, e.g. "episode", "clip", "trailer"
_old_archive_ids: A list of old archive ids needed for backward compatibility
_format_sort_fields: A list of fields to use for sorting formats
__post_extractor: A function to be called just before the metadata is
written to either disk, logger or console. The function
must return a dict which will be added to the info_dict.
This is usefull for additional information that is
time-consuming to extract. Note that the fields thus
extracted will not be available to output template and
match_filter. So, only "comments" and "comment_count" are
currently allowed to be extracted via this method.
The following fields should only be used when the video belongs to some logical
chapter or section:
chapter: Name or title of the chapter the video belongs to.
chapter_number: Number of the chapter the video belongs to, as an integer.
chapter_id: Id of the chapter the video belongs to, as a unicode string.
The following fields should only be used when the video is an episode of some
series, programme or podcast:
series: Title of the series or programme the video episode belongs to.
series_id: Id of the series or programme the video episode belongs to, as a unicode string.
season: Title of the season the video episode belongs to.
season_number: Number of the season the video episode belongs to, as an integer.
season_id: Id of the season the video episode belongs to, as a unicode string.
episode: Title of the video episode. Unlike mandatory video title field,
this field should denote the exact title of the video episode
without any kind of decoration.
episode_number: Number of the video episode within a season, as an integer.
episode_id: Id of the video episode, as a unicode string.
The following fields should only be used when the media is a track or a part of
a music album:
track: Title of the track.
track_number: Number of the track within an album or a disc, as an integer.
track_id: Id of the track (useful in case of custom indexing, e.g. 6.iii),
as a unicode string.
artists: List of artists of the track.
composers: List of composers of the piece.
genres: List of genres of the track.
album: Title of the album the track belongs to.
album_type: Type of the album (e.g. "Demo", "Full-length", "Split", "Compilation", etc).
album_artists: List of all artists appeared on the album.
E.g. ["Ash Borer", "Fell Voices"] or ["Various Artists"].
Useful for splits and compilations.
disc_number: Number of the disc or other physical medium the track belongs to,
as an integer.
The following fields should only be set for clips that should be cut from the original video:
section_start: Start time of the section in seconds
section_end: End time of the section in seconds
The following fields should only be set for storyboards:
rows: Number of rows in each storyboard fragment, as an integer
columns: Number of columns in each storyboard fragment, as an integer
The following fields are deprecated and should not be set by new code:
composer: Use "composers" instead.
Composer(s) of the piece, comma-separated.
artist: Use "artists" instead.
Artist(s) of the track, comma-separated.
genre: Use "genres" instead.
Genre(s) of the track, comma-separated.
album_artist: Use "album_artists" instead.
All artists appeared on the album, comma-separated.
creator: Use "creators" instead.
The creator of the video.
Unless mentioned otherwise, the fields should be Unicode strings.
Unless mentioned otherwise, None is equivalent to absence of information.
_type "playlist" indicates multiple videos.
There must be a key "entries", which is a list, an iterable, or a PagedList
object, each element of which is a valid dictionary by this specification.
Additionally, playlists can have "id", "title", and any other relevant
attributes with the same semantics as videos (see above).
It can also have the following optional fields:
playlist_count: The total number of videos in a playlist. If not given,
YoutubeDL tries to calculate it from "entries"
_type "multi_video" indicates that there are multiple videos that
form a single show, for examples multiple acts of an opera or TV episode.
It must have an entries key like a playlist and contain all the keys
required for a video at the same time.
_type "url" indicates that the video must be extracted from another
location, possibly by a different extractor. Its only required key is:
"url" - the next URL to extract.
The key "ie_key" can be set to the class name (minus the trailing "IE",
e.g. "Youtube") if the extractor class is known in advance.
Additionally, the dictionary may have any properties of the resolved entity
known in advance, for example "title" if the title of the referred video is
known ahead of time.
_type "url_transparent" entities have the same specification as "url", but
indicate that the given additional information is more precise than the one
associated with the resolved URL.
This is useful when a site employs a video service that hosts the video and
its technical metadata, but that video service does not embed a useful
title, description etc.
Subclasses of this should also be added to the list of extractors and
should define _VALID_URL as a regexp or a Sequence of regexps, and
re-define the _real_extract() and (optionally) _real_initialize() methods.
Subclasses may also override suitable() if necessary, but ensure the function
signature is preserved and that this function imports everything it needs
(except other extractors), so that lazy_extractors works correctly.
Subclasses can define a list of _EMBED_REGEX, which will be searched for in
the HTML of Generic webpages. It may also override _extract_embed_urls
or _extract_from_webpage as necessary. While these are normally classmethods,
_extract_from_webpage is allowed to be an instance method.
_extract_from_webpage may raise self.StopExtraction to stop further
processing of the webpage and obtain exclusive rights to it. This is useful
when the extractor cannot reliably be matched using just the URL,
e.g. invidious/peertube instances
Embed-only extractors can be defined by setting _VALID_URL = False.
To support username + password (or netrc) login, the extractor must define a
_NETRC_MACHINE and re-define _perform_login(username, password) and
(optionally) _initialize_pre_login() methods. The _perform_login method will
be called between _initialize_pre_login and _real_initialize if credentials
are passed by the user. In cases where it is necessary to have the login
process as part of the extraction rather than initialization, _perform_login
can be left undefined.
_GEO_BYPASS attribute may be set to False in order to disable
geo restriction bypass mechanisms for a particular extractor.
Though it won't disable explicit geo restriction bypass based on
country code provided with geo_bypass_country.
_GEO_COUNTRIES attribute may contain a list of presumably geo unrestricted
countries for this extractor. One of these countries will be used by
geo restriction bypass mechanism right away in order to bypass
geo restriction, of course, if the mechanism is not disabled.
_GEO_IP_BLOCKS attribute may contain a list of presumably geo unrestricted
IP blocks in CIDR notation for this extractor. One of these IP blocks
will be used by geo restriction bypass mechanism similarly
to _GEO_COUNTRIES.
The _ENABLED attribute should be set to False for IEs that
are disabled by default and must be explicitly enabled.
The _WORKING attribute should be set to False for broken IEs
in order to warn the users and skip the tests.
"""
_ready = False
_downloader = None
_x_forwarded_for_ip = None
_GEO_BYPASS = True
_GEO_COUNTRIES = None
_GEO_IP_BLOCKS = None
_WORKING = True
_ENABLED = True
_NETRC_MACHINE = None
IE_DESC = None
SEARCH_KEY = None
_VALID_URL = None
_EMBED_REGEX = []
def _login_hint(self, method=NO_DEFAULT, netrc=None):
password_hint = f'--username and --password, --netrc-cmd, or --netrc ({netrc or self._NETRC_MACHINE}) to provide account credentials'
cookies_hint = 'See https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/wiki/FAQ#how-do-i-pass-cookies-to-yt-dlp for how to manually pass cookies'
return {
None: '',
'any': f'Use --cookies, --cookies-from-browser, {password_hint}. {cookies_hint}',
'password': f'Use {password_hint}',
'cookies': f'Use --cookies-from-browser or --cookies for the authentication. {cookies_hint}',
'session_cookies': f'Use --cookies for the authentication (--cookies-from-browser might not work). {cookies_hint}',
}[method if method is not NO_DEFAULT else 'any' if self.supports_login() else 'cookies']
def __init__(self, downloader=None):
"""Constructor. Receives an optional downloader (a YoutubeDL instance).
If a downloader is not passed during initialization,
it must be set using "set_downloader()" before "extract()" is called"""
self._ready = False
self._x_forwarded_for_ip = None
self._printed_messages = set()
self.set_downloader(downloader)
@classmethod
def _match_valid_url(cls, url):
if cls._VALID_URL is False:
return None
# This does not use has/getattr intentionally - we want to know whether
# we have cached the regexp for *this* class, whereas getattr would also
# match the superclass
if '_VALID_URL_RE' not in cls.__dict__:
cls._VALID_URL_RE = tuple(map(re.compile, variadic(cls._VALID_URL)))
return next(filter(None, (regex.match(url) for regex in cls._VALID_URL_RE)), None)
@classmethod
def suitable(cls, url):
"""Receives a URL and returns True if suitable for this IE."""
# This function must import everything it needs (except other extractors),
# so that lazy_extractors works correctly
return cls._match_valid_url(url) is not None
@classmethod
def _match_id(cls, url):
return cls._match_valid_url(url).group('id')
@classmethod
def get_temp_id(cls, url):
try:
return cls._match_id(url)
except (IndexError, AttributeError):
return None
@classmethod
def working(cls):
"""Getter method for _WORKING."""
return cls._WORKING
@classmethod
def supports_login(cls):
return bool(cls._NETRC_MACHINE)
def initialize(self):
"""Initializes an instance (authentication, etc)."""
self._printed_messages = set()
self._initialize_geo_bypass({
'countries': self._GEO_COUNTRIES,
'ip_blocks': self._GEO_IP_BLOCKS,
})
if not self._ready:
self._initialize_pre_login()
if self.supports_login():
username, password = self._get_login_info()
if username:
self._perform_login(username, password)
elif self.get_param('username') and False not in (self.IE_DESC, self._NETRC_MACHINE):
self.report_warning(f'Login with password is not supported for this website. {self._login_hint("cookies")}')
self._real_initialize()
self._ready = True
def _initialize_geo_bypass(self, geo_bypass_context):
"""
Initialize geo restriction bypass mechanism.
This method is used to initialize geo bypass mechanism based on faking
X-Forwarded-For HTTP header. A random country from provided country list
is selected and a random IP belonging to this country is generated. This
IP will be passed as X-Forwarded-For HTTP header in all subsequent
HTTP requests.
This method will be used for initial geo bypass mechanism initialization
during the instance initialization with _GEO_COUNTRIES and
_GEO_IP_BLOCKS.
You may also manually call it from extractor's code if geo bypass
information is not available beforehand (e.g. obtained during
extraction) or due to some other reason. In this case you should pass
this information in geo bypass context passed as first argument. It may
contain following fields:
countries: List of geo unrestricted countries (similar
to _GEO_COUNTRIES)
ip_blocks: List of geo unrestricted IP blocks in CIDR notation
(similar to _GEO_IP_BLOCKS)
"""
if not self._x_forwarded_for_ip:
# Geo bypass mechanism is explicitly disabled by user
if not self.get_param('geo_bypass', True):
return
if not geo_bypass_context:
geo_bypass_context = {}
# Backward compatibility: previously _initialize_geo_bypass
# expected a list of countries, some 3rd party code may still use
# it this way
if isinstance(geo_bypass_context, (list, tuple)):
geo_bypass_context = {
'countries': geo_bypass_context,
}
# The whole point of geo bypass mechanism is to fake IP
# as X-Forwarded-For HTTP header based on some IP block or
# country code.
# Path 1: bypassing based on IP block in CIDR notation
# Explicit IP block specified by user, use it right away
# regardless of whether extractor is geo bypassable or not
ip_block = self.get_param('geo_bypass_ip_block', None)
# Otherwise use random IP block from geo bypass context but only
# if extractor is known as geo bypassable
if not ip_block:
ip_blocks = geo_bypass_context.get('ip_blocks')
if self._GEO_BYPASS and ip_blocks:
ip_block = random.choice(ip_blocks)
if ip_block:
self._x_forwarded_for_ip = GeoUtils.random_ipv4(ip_block)
self.write_debug(f'Using fake IP {self._x_forwarded_for_ip} as X-Forwarded-For')
return
# Path 2: bypassing based on country code
# Explicit country code specified by user, use it right away
# regardless of whether extractor is geo bypassable or not
country = self.get_param('geo_bypass_country', None)
# Otherwise use random country code from geo bypass context but
# only if extractor is known as geo bypassable
if not country:
countries = geo_bypass_context.get('countries')
if self._GEO_BYPASS and countries:
country = random.choice(countries)
if country:
self._x_forwarded_for_ip = GeoUtils.random_ipv4(country)
self._downloader.write_debug(
f'Using fake IP {self._x_forwarded_for_ip} ({country.upper()}) as X-Forwarded-For')
def extract(self, url):
"""Extracts URL information and returns it in list of dicts."""
try:
for _ in range(2):
try:
self.initialize()
self.to_screen('Extracting URL: %s' % (
url if self.get_param('verbose') else truncate_string(url, 100, 20)))
ie_result = self._real_extract(url)
if ie_result is None:
return None
if self._x_forwarded_for_ip:
ie_result['__x_forwarded_for_ip'] = self._x_forwarded_for_ip
subtitles = ie_result.get('subtitles') or {}
if 'no-live-chat' in self.get_param('compat_opts'):
for lang in ('live_chat', 'comments', 'danmaku'):
subtitles.pop(lang, None)
return ie_result
except GeoRestrictedError as e:
if self.__maybe_fake_ip_and_retry(e.countries):
continue
raise
except UnsupportedError:
raise
except ExtractorError as e:
e.video_id = e.video_id or self.get_temp_id(url)
e.ie = e.ie or self.IE_NAME
e.traceback = e.traceback or sys.exc_info()[2]
raise
except IncompleteRead as e:
raise ExtractorError('A network error has occurred.', cause=e, expected=True, video_id=self.get_temp_id(url))
except (KeyError, StopIteration) as e:
raise ExtractorError('An extractor error has occurred.', cause=e, video_id=self.get_temp_id(url))
def __maybe_fake_ip_and_retry(self, countries):
if (not self.get_param('geo_bypass_country', None)
and self._GEO_BYPASS
and self.get_param('geo_bypass', True)
and not self._x_forwarded_for_ip
and countries):
country_code = random.choice(countries)
self._x_forwarded_for_ip = GeoUtils.random_ipv4(country_code)
if self._x_forwarded_for_ip:
self.report_warning(
'Video is geo restricted. Retrying extraction with fake IP '
f'{self._x_forwarded_for_ip} ({country_code.upper()}) as X-Forwarded-For.')
return True
return False
def set_downloader(self, downloader):
"""Sets a YoutubeDL instance as the downloader for this IE."""
self._downloader = downloader
@property
def cache(self):
return self._downloader.cache
@property
def cookiejar(self):
return self._downloader.cookiejar
def _initialize_pre_login(self):
""" Initialization before login. Redefine in subclasses."""
pass
def _perform_login(self, username, password):
""" Login with username and password. Redefine in subclasses."""
pass
def _real_initialize(self):
"""Real initialization process. Redefine in subclasses."""
pass
def _real_extract(self, url):
"""Real extraction process. Redefine in subclasses."""
raise NotImplementedError('This method must be implemented by subclasses')
@classmethod
def ie_key(cls):
"""A string for getting the InfoExtractor with get_info_extractor"""
return cls.__name__[:-2]
@classproperty
def IE_NAME(cls):
return cls.__name__[:-2]
@staticmethod
def __can_accept_status_code(err, expected_status):
assert isinstance(err, HTTPError)
if expected_status is None:
return False
elif callable(expected_status):
return expected_status(err.status) is True
else:
return err.status in variadic(expected_status)
def _create_request(self, url_or_request, data=None, headers=None, query=None, extensions=None):
if isinstance(url_or_request, urllib.request.Request):
self._downloader.deprecation_warning(
'Passing a urllib.request.Request to _create_request() is deprecated. '
'Use yt_dlp.networking.common.Request instead.')
url_or_request = urllib_req_to_req(url_or_request)
elif not isinstance(url_or_request, Request):
url_or_request = Request(url_or_request)
url_or_request.update(data=data, headers=headers, query=query, extensions=extensions)
return url_or_request
def _request_webpage(self, url_or_request, video_id, note=None, errnote=None, fatal=True, data=None,
headers=None, query=None, expected_status=None, impersonate=None, require_impersonation=False):
"""
Return the response handle.
See _download_webpage docstring for arguments specification.
"""
if not self._downloader._first_webpage_request:
sleep_interval = self.get_param('sleep_interval_requests') or 0
if sleep_interval > 0:
self.to_screen(f'Sleeping {sleep_interval} seconds ...')
time.sleep(sleep_interval)
else:
self._downloader._first_webpage_request = False
if note is None:
self.report_download_webpage(video_id)
elif note is not False:
if video_id is None:
self.to_screen(str(note))
else:
self.to_screen(f'{video_id}: {note}')
# Some sites check X-Forwarded-For HTTP header in order to figure out
# the origin of the client behind proxy. This allows bypassing geo
# restriction by faking this header's value to IP that belongs to some
# geo unrestricted country. We will do so once we encounter any
# geo restriction error.
if self._x_forwarded_for_ip:
headers = (headers or {}).copy()
headers.setdefault('X-Forwarded-For', self._x_forwarded_for_ip)
extensions = {}
if impersonate in (True, ''):
impersonate = ImpersonateTarget()
requested_targets = [
t if isinstance(t, ImpersonateTarget) else ImpersonateTarget.from_str(t)
for t in variadic(impersonate)
] if impersonate else []
available_target = next(filter(self._downloader._impersonate_target_available, requested_targets), None)
if available_target:
extensions['impersonate'] = available_target
elif requested_targets:
message = 'The extractor is attempting impersonation, but '
message += (
'no impersonate target is available' if not str(impersonate)
else f'none of these impersonate targets are available: "{", ".join(map(str, requested_targets))}"')
info_msg = ('see https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp#impersonation '
'for information on installing the required dependencies')
if require_impersonation:
raise ExtractorError(f'{message}; {info_msg}', expected=True)
self.report_warning(f'{message}; if you encounter errors, then {info_msg}', only_once=True)
try:
return self._downloader.urlopen(self._create_request(url_or_request, data, headers, query, extensions))
except network_exceptions as err:
if isinstance(err, HTTPError):
if self.__can_accept_status_code(err, expected_status):
return err.response
if errnote is False:
return False
if errnote is None:
errnote = 'Unable to download webpage'
errmsg = f'{errnote}: {err}'
if fatal:
raise ExtractorError(errmsg, cause=err)
else:
self.report_warning(errmsg)
return False
def _download_webpage_handle(self, url_or_request, video_id, note=None, errnote=None, fatal=True,
encoding=None, data=None, headers={}, query={}, expected_status=None,
impersonate=None, require_impersonation=False):
"""
Return a tuple (page content as string, URL handle).
Arguments:
url_or_request -- plain text URL as a string or
a yt_dlp.networking.Request object
video_id -- Video/playlist/item identifier (string)
Keyword arguments:
note -- note printed before downloading (string)
errnote -- note printed in case of an error (string)
fatal -- flag denoting whether error should be considered fatal,
i.e. whether it should cause ExtractionError to be raised,
otherwise a warning will be reported and extraction continued
encoding -- encoding for a page content decoding, guessed automatically
when not explicitly specified
data -- POST data (bytes)
headers -- HTTP headers (dict)
query -- URL query (dict)
expected_status -- allows to accept failed HTTP requests (non 2xx
status code) by explicitly specifying a set of accepted status
codes. Can be any of the following entities:
- an integer type specifying an exact failed status code to
accept
- a list or a tuple of integer types specifying a list of
failed status codes to accept
- a callable accepting an actual failed status code and
returning True if it should be accepted
Note that this argument does not affect success status codes (2xx)
which are always accepted.
impersonate -- the impersonate target. Can be any of the following entities:
- an instance of yt_dlp.networking.impersonate.ImpersonateTarget
- a string in the format of CLIENT[:OS]
- a list or a tuple of CLIENT[:OS] strings or ImpersonateTarget instances
- a boolean value; True means any impersonate target is sufficient
require_impersonation -- flag to toggle whether the request should raise an error
if impersonation is not possible (bool, default: False)
"""
# Strip hashes from the URL (#1038)
if isinstance(url_or_request, str):
url_or_request = url_or_request.partition('#')[0]
urlh = self._request_webpage(url_or_request, video_id, note, errnote, fatal, data=data,
headers=headers, query=query, expected_status=expected_status,
impersonate=impersonate, require_impersonation=require_impersonation)
if urlh is False:
assert not fatal
return False
content = self._webpage_read_content(urlh, url_or_request, video_id, note, errnote, fatal,
encoding=encoding, data=data)
if content is False:
assert not fatal
return False
return (content, urlh)
@staticmethod
def _guess_encoding_from_content(content_type, webpage_bytes):
m = re.match(r'[a-zA-Z0-9_.-]+/[a-zA-Z0-9_.-]+\s*;\s*charset=(.+)', content_type)
if m:
encoding = m.group(1)
else:
m = re.search(br'<meta[^>]+charset=[\'"]?([^\'")]+)[ /\'">]',
webpage_bytes[:1024])
if m:
encoding = m.group(1).decode('ascii')
elif webpage_bytes.startswith(b'\xff\xfe'):
encoding = 'utf-16'
else:
encoding = 'utf-8'
return encoding
def __check_blocked(self, content):
first_block = content[:512]
if ('<title>Access to this site is blocked</title>' in content
and 'Websense' in first_block):