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We have now migrated to a new website. For further updates, please visit: Oxford Supertracker: The Global Directory for COVID Policy Trackers and Surveys

A tracker of trackers: COVID-19 policy responses and data

The amount of COVID-19 related research being produced within the first weeks following the implementation of far-reaching lockdowns across the globe has been impressive. To keep track of new sources, I have compiled a collection of currently over 100 policy trackers and datasets on the topic. The compilation is not meant to be exhaustive and I am grateful for general feedback you may have or suggestions on new sources. I am updating the tracker of trackers on a daily basis. Please email me at [email protected] or follow me on Twitter for updates.

Sections 15. and 16. on surveys are edited by Elias Naumann. For suggestions, please email him at [email protected].

The tracker of trackers collection has lead to the creation of the Oxford Supertracker: The Global Directory for COVID Policy Trackers and Surveys, a joint project by Mary Daly, Bernhard Ebbinghaus, Lukas Lehner, Marek Naczyk and Tim Vlandas at the Department of Social Policy and Intervention (DSPI) at the University of Oxford funded by the Higher Education Innovation Fund (HEIF) and the Oxford ESRC Impact Acceleration Account (IAA). Please visit the new website and subscribe to receive regular updates on new sources.

This collection started initially as a Twitter Thread in March 2020 and is based on a collaborative effort with suggestions from @B_Ebbinghaus, @timvlandas, @AliBargu, @ertugrul_polat_, @roosa_jolkkonen, @MoreiraAmilcar, @FrancescaAliaB, @FNoeth, @PhoebeIshak, @OstermeierMa, @BisciariP, @LuMesserschmidt, @jimmy810920, @perezludena, @olgaloblova, @LTCcovid, @Luckinger, @KnowsOnions, @SebDiessner, Grant Mills, @AnToniPichler, @Anne_Parth, @O_LJ, @PeterSWyckoff, @JoachimGassen, @ToddOfMess, @leecrawfurd, @tozCSS, @jwkritchie @juliascanney, @AllbriteAllday @AltPrimate, @econ_hmg, @hmryder, @TimGoedeme, @Covid_Africa, @elinaribakova, @JuliaGruebler, @TobyMPhillips, @shelter_live, @ashamin, Seth Schimmel, @AsjadNaqvi, @jsvine, @zehrarizvi Karel Mertens, @_CatJones_, @JuliaRaifman, Phoebe Dunn, @kbbolch, @LiviaFritz, and @KonstPoensgen.

The collection is structured around the areas of

1. Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions incl. Confinement and Travel

2. Macroeconomic and Financial Policy

3. Tax Policy

4. Trade Policy and FDI

5. Social and Employment Policy

6. Health and Care Policy

7. Education, Research and Innovation

8. Regions, Cities, SMEs, Tourism

9. Behavioural Responses and Mobility

  • Google Covid-19 Community Mobility Reports

    • Focus: mobility trends over time by geography, across different categories of places such as retail and recreation, groceries and pharmacies, parks, transit stations, workplaces, and residential. Data is sourced from Google Apps such as Google Maps.
    • Coverage: 131 countries, of which many can be disaggregated at the regional level
    • Data format: csv data, pdf reports
    • By @Google, @googlemaps

  • Apple Mobility Trends Reports

    • Focus: mobility trends. Data can be separated by walking, driving and public transport. Data reflect relative volume of directions requests compared to a baseline volume on 13 January 2020.
    • Coverage: countries, regions and cities worldwide
    • Data format: csv data, html charts
    • By @Apple

  • The Dallas Fed Social Distancing Index

    • Focus: The index summarises the information in seven different variables based on geolocation data collected from a large sample of mobile devices: 1. The fraction of devices leaving home in a day; 2. The fraction of devices away from home for 3-6 hours at a fixed location; 3. The fraction of devices away from home longer than 6 hours at a fixed location; 4. An adjusted average of daytime hours spent at home; 5. The fraction of devices taking trips longer than 16 kilometers; 6. The fraction of devices taking trips less than 2 kilometers; and 7. The average time spent at locations far from home.
    • Coverage: USA at county, metropolitan statistical areas (MSA), state and national level.
    • Data format: csv
    • By @DallasFed

10. Politics, Elections, Policy Making

11. Civic Freedom, Human Rights, Media

  • COVID19 Civic Freedom Tracker

  • Tracker 19

    • Focus: press freedom. It evaluates the impact on journalism by documenting state censorship and deliberate disinformation, and their impact on the right to reliable news and information. It also makes recommendations on how to defend journalism.
    • Coverage: countries worldwide
    • Data format: html
    • By Reporters Without Borders @RSF_en, @RSF_inter

  • Civic Space Watch: Solidarity amid the COVID-19 crisis

    • Focus: civil society’s and NGOs actions and demands
    • Coverage: in European countries and on a European level
    • Data format: html
    • By @ForCivicEU

  • Civicus Monitor Tracking Civic Space

    • Focus: restrictions and attacks on civic freedoms. Categories include 1) Censorship and restrictions on access to information, 2) Threats and arrests for criticising state response, 3) Restrictions on the media, 4) Passage and use of restrictive laws to counter ‘fake news’, 5) Targeting of human rights defenders, 6) Police abuses during lockdowns, 7) Surveillance and violations of the right to privacy, 8) Overly broad emergency laws and new restrictive legislation.
    • Coverage: countries worldwide
    • Data format: html
    • By @CIVICUSMonitor, @CIVICUSalliance

  • COVID-19 Public Media Dataset

    • Focus: contains over 40,000 online articles with full texts which were scraped from online media in the timespan January – April 2020, focussed mainly on the non-medical aspects of COVID-19.
    • Coverage: worldwide
    • Data format: csv
    • By @Anacode

12. War, Peace and Civil Unrest

13. Prisons, Courts and Judiciary Systems

14. International Development, Philantropy

  • UNDP HDR Global Preparedness and Vulnerability Dashboard

    • Focus: Index for preparedness and vulnerability to pandemics by country. Preparedness index composed of indicators such as Human Development Index, number of physicians and mobile phone subscriptions. Vulnerability index composed of indicators such as population in poverty, population without social protection, remittances inflows or tourism as a share of GDP.
    • Coverage: all countries worldwide
    • Data format: xlsx, pdf, html
    • By @UNDP
    • Dashboard
    • Report

  • World Bank Group’s Operational Response to COVID-19 (coronavirus) – Projects List

    • Focus: countries that are getting World Bank Group support through the COVID-19 dedicated fast-track facility as well as other financing mechanisms
    • Coverage: developing countries worldwide
    • Data format: html
    • By @WorldBank

  • African Policy Monitor

    • Focus: 1) Emergency declarations, 2) Fiscal Policy Responses, 3) Monetary Policy Responses, 4) Social Distancing Measures, 5) School closures
    • Coverage: African countries
    • Data format: html
    • By @Covid_Africa

  • Candid Philanthropic funding data

    • Focus: private funders and recipients with details on the amount, purpose and geographical distribution
    • Coverage: worldwide
    • Data format: html
    • By @CandidDotOrg

  • Global Response Funding Tracker

    • Focus: global initiatives and financial support packages organised by 1) Financial Support from International Development Partners, 2) IMF and World Bank Support, 3) Philanthropic and Corporate Giving
    • Coverage: African countries
    • Data format: html tables
    • By @Covid_Africa

  • The ONE Africa COVID-19 Tracker

    • Focus: health, economic, and social impacts, such as the number of hospital beds and ICUs; government measures to limit spread of the virus or to limit civil liberties; impact on food intake or remittances
    • Coverage: African countries
    • Data format: Tableau (not downloadable)
    • By @ONECampaign, @David_McNair

15. National Surveys (with probability samples)

edited by @eliasnau

Countries in this section (with number of surveys in brackets): Germany (3), US (2), Netherlands (1), Norway (1), UK(1)

  • SHARE

    • Focus: Employment and financial situation, infection and health, mental health, social networks, healthcare
    • Coverage
      • Country: 27 EU countries + Israel
      • Target population and sampling: Probability sample of population aged 50 and older
      • Time: May/June 2020
      • Interval of data collection: once
      • Availability of individual level data from pre-CoVID: Yes
      • Number of observations: sub-sample of all SHARE panel respondents
    • Micro data availablity: no (planned:yes)
    • Data format: .dta, .sav
    • By @SHARE_MEA

  • SOEP-CoV

    • Focus: Employment and financial situation, children and family, COVID-related behavior and perceptions, mental health, political attitudes
    • Coverage
      • Country: Germany
      • Target population and sampling: Probability sample of households
      • Time: 30/3/2020 – 28/6/2020
      • Interval of data collection: weekly cross-sections, follow-up survey planned for 2021
      • Availability of individual level data from pre-CoVID: Yes
      • Number of observations: ~ 7.800 households (300-2000 per week)
    • Micro data availablity: no (planned:yes)
    • Data format: pdf (research reports)
    • By @DIW_Berlin, @unibielefeld

  • Mannheimer Corona-Studie

    • Focus: Employment and financial situation, children and family, COVID-related behavior and perceptions, mental health, political attitudes
    • Coverage
      • Country: Germany
      • Target population and sampling: Probability sample of households/individuals
      • Time: 20/3/2020-03/7/2020
      • Interval of data collection: daily cross-sections, weekly individual panel data
      • Availability of individual level data from pre-CoVID: Yes
      • Number of observations: ~ 3.500 individuals (~ 500 per day)
    • Micro data availablity: no (planned:yes)
    • Data format: pdf (daily update)
    • By @PolEconReforms, Universität Mannheim

  • gesis panel

    • Focus: Employment and financial situation, children and family, COVID-related behavior and perceptions, mental health, political attitudes
    • Coverage
      • Country: Germany
      • Target population and sampling: Probability sample of individuals
      • Time: 17/3/2020-29/03/2020
      • Interval of data collection: once
      • Availability of individual level data from pre-CoVID: Yes
      • Number of observations: 3.765 individuals
    • Micro data availablity: yes
    • Data format: .dta, .sav
    • By @GESIS_Panel

  • Understanding America Study

    • Focus: Employment and financial situation, children and family, COVID-related behavior and perceptions, mental health, political attitudes
    • Coverage
      • Country: United States
      • Target population and sampling: Probability sample of U.S. residents
      • Time: since 10/3/2020 (ongoing)
      • Interval of data collection: daily cross-sections, bi-weekly individual level panel
      • Availability of individual level data from pre-CoVID: Yes
      • Number of observations: ~ 5.500 individuals (~500 per day)
    • Micro data availablity: yes
    • Data format: .dta, .html (daily updates)
    • By USCDornsife

  • COVID Impact Survey

    • Focus: Employment and financial situation, COVID-related behavior and perceptions, mental health
    • Coverage
      • Country: United States
      • Target population and sampling: Probability sample of U.S. adult population
      • Time: 20/4/2020-26/4/2020 (Week 1), 04/5/2020-10/5/2020 (Week 2), 1/6/2020-8/6/2020, ongoing
      • Interval of data collection: monthly cross-sections
      • Availability of individual level data from pre-CoVID: No
      • Number of observations: ~ 2,200 individuals each month
    • Micro data availablity: yes
    • Data format: .dta, .sav, .csv
    • By @covidimpact, Data Foundation

  • LISS Panel

    • Focus: various topics based on several studies proposed by individual researchers (in addition to the standard monthly LISS questions)
    • Coverage
      • Country: Netherlands
      • Target population and sampling: Probability sample of Dutch Households
      • Time: since March 2020
      • Interval of data collection: monthly
      • Availability of individual level data from pre-CoVID: Yes
      • Number of observations: ~ 7.000 individuals each month
    • Micro data availablity: yes (planned)
    • Data format: .dta, .sav
    • By @centerdata

  • Norwegian Citizen Panel

    • Focus: Social Sciences, Medicine, Psychology
    • Coverage
      • Country: Norway
      • Target population and sampling: Probability sample of adult population
      • Time: 20 – 29 March
      • Interval of data collection: once, some questions will be repeated in June 2020, August 2020 and October 2020.
      • Availability of individual level data from pre-CoVID: Yes
      • Number of observations: ~ 12.000 (less in the follow up-studies)
    • Micro data availablity: Planned to become available, timing still not decided.
    • Data format: .dta, .sav
    • By @DIGSSCORE, @uib

  • Understanding Society

    • Focus: Employment and financial situation, children and family, COVID-related behavior and perceptions, mental health, political attitudes
    • Coverage
      • Country: UK
      • Target population and sampling: Probability sample of households, population 16+
      • Time: since April 2020 (wave 1), ongoing
      • Interval of data collection: monthly
      • Availability of individual level data from pre-CoVID: Yes
      • Number of observations: ~ 40.000
    • Micro data availablity: yes, planned for end of May via UK Data Service
    • Data format: .dta, .sav
    • By @usociety

16. National and comparative surveys (with non-probability samples)

edited by @eliasnau

We rank order the list of surveys by sampling method used. Surveys with non-probability samples either use quota sampling from commercial opt-in panels or snowballing via social media. We list surveys with quota sampling first, since we believe that they provide somewhat higher data quality compared to snowball sampling. Within each category we rank order surveys according the number of countries covered.

Quota sampling

  • Covid19 Behaviour Tracker

    • Focus: perceptions and COVID19-related health behavior
    • Coverage
      • Countries: 29
      • Target population and sampling: people aged 18 and over, quota sample from opt-in panel
      • Time: since 30/3/2020, ongoing
      • Interval of data collection: weekly cross-sections
      • Availability of individual level data from pre-CoVID: No
      • Number of observations: ~ 21,000 respondents each week
    • Data format: aggregate results are published on a dashboard and microdata are publicly available as csv spreadsheets
    • By @YouGov, @Imperial_IGHI
    • Dashboard for aggregate results

  • YouGov international COVID19 tracker

    • Focus: public attitudes on a broad range of topics from brands to politics
    • Coverage
      • Countries: 26
      • Target population and sampling: people aged 18 and over, quota sample from opt-in panel
      • Time: since march 2020, ongoing
      • Interval of data collection: weekly cross-sections
      • Availability of individual level data from pre-CoVID: No
      • Number of observations: ~ 27,000 respondents each week
    • Data format: html, only aggregate data for selected categories, such as behavioral response and government satisfaction are publicly available
    • By @YouGov

  • Attitudes Towards COVID-19 - A comparative study

    • Focus: public attitudes on health, economy, civil liberties, government, policies and institutions
    • Coverage
      • Countries: 20
      • Target population and sampling: people aged 18 and over, quota sample from opt-in panel
      • Time: 20/3/2020- 30/4/2020
      • Interval of data collection: individual level panel data (weekly, 2-8 waves depending on country)
      • Availability of individual level data from pre-CoVID: No
      • Number of observations: ~ 23,000 respondents in the first wave
    • Data format: microdata in dta, summary statistics in pdf
    • By Sylvain Brouard, Michael Becher, @MartialFoucault, @pavlosvas1, @CEVIPOF

  • COVID Inequality Project

    • Focus: impact on workers and inequality across many dimensions, such as age, gender, occupation, work arrangements, and education. Two survey waves collecting responses from large geographically representative samples in the US and UK and one survey wave in Germany.
    • Coverage
      • Countries: USA, UK, Germany
      • Target population and sampling: people aged 18 and over, quota sample from opt-in panel
      • Time: 24/03/2020 - 14/04/2020
      • Interval of data collection: 2 cross-sectional waves in UK and US, 1 wave in Germany
      • Availability of individual level data from pre-CoVID: No
      • Number of observations: ~ 4,000 per country and wave
    • Data format: aggregate data in csv, results reported in html and pdf
    • By @abicadams, @TeodoraBoneva1, @MartaGolin, Christopher Rauh,
    • Working Paper

  • intergen-COVID

    • Focus: Intergenerational contact during COVID and mental health
    • Coverage
      • Countries: Italy, Spain, France
      • Target population and sampling: Adult population, quota sampling from opt-in panels
      • Time: April 2020
      • Interval of data collection: once
      • Availability of individual level data from pre-CoVID: No
      • Number of observations: 9,186
    • Micro data availablity: no
    • Data format: Key findings in google doc
    • By @brunoarpinoFLR, @ValeriaBordone, @pasqualinimarta

  • COVID-19 Snapshot Monitoring (COSMO)

    • Focus: COVID-related behavior and perceptions, mental health, political attitudes
    • Coverage
      • Country: Germany
      • Target population and sampling: Adult population, non-probability quota sampling
      • Time: since 03/03/2020 (ongoing)
      • Interval of data collection: weekly cross-sections
      • Availability of individual level data from pre-CoVID: No
      • Number of observations: ~ 1.000 per week
    • Micro data availablity: no (planned: N/A)
    • Data format: .html
    • By @unierfurt, Robert Koch-Institut @rki_de, Bundeszentrale für gesundheitliche Aufklärung @bzga_de, Leibniz-Zentrum für Psychologische Information und Dokumentation @ZPID, Science Media Center @smc_germany, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine @BNITM_de, Yale Institute for Global Health @YaleGH

  • Austrian Corona Panel Project

    • Focus: Employment and financial situation, children and family, COVID-related behavior and perceptions, mental health, political attitudes
    • Coverage
      • Country: Austria
      • Target population and sampling: adult population, non-probability quota sampling
      • Time: since 27/03/2020 (ongoing)
      • Interval of data collection: weekly individual level panel data
      • Availability of individual level data from pre-CoVID: No
      • Number of observations: ~ 1.500 per week
    • Micro data availablity: no (planned: N/A)
    • Data format: .html (daily reports)
    • By @VieCER_

  • The State of the Nation: A 50-State COVID-19 Survey

Snowballing sampling

  • International Survey on Coronavirus #covid19study

    • Focus: Worldwide COVID-19 Attitudes and Beliefs
    • Coverage
      • Countries: 170
      • Target population and sampling: people aged 18 and over, snowballing via social media
      • Time: since 20/3/2020, ongoing
      • Interval of data collection: continuous
      • Availability of individual level data from pre-CoVID: No
      • Number of observations: > 110,000 respondents
    • Data format: aggregate results in html, individual level data in dta
    • By researchers of 12 universities incl. @Margarita1512, @LukasHenselEcon, @jonj, @jhaushofer, @FriedrichMGoetz, @fetzert, @caria_stefano
    • Individual level data

  • COVIDiSTRESS Global Survey

    • Focus: Psychological stress, compliance with behavioral guidelines, trust in governmental institutions and their preventive measures
    • Coverage
      • Countries: > 50
      • Target population and sampling: people aged 18 and over, snowballing via social media
      • Time: since 30/3/2020, ongoing
      • Interval of data collection: continuous
      • Availability of individual level data from pre-CoVID: No
      • Number of observations: > 150,000 respondents
    • Data format: individual level data as csv
    • By: International researchers from 40+ universities collaborating in the covidistress global survey community, Principal Investigator: Andreas Lieberoth @lieberothdk
    • Individual level data

  • Living, working and COVID-19

    • Focus: Work and well-being
    • Coverage
      • Countries: EU27 and the UK
      • Target population and sampling: people aged 18 and over, snowballing on social media
      • Time: 09/4/2020-30/04/2020, ongoing
      • Interval of data collection: monthly cross-sections
      • Availability of individual level data from pre-CoVID: No
      • Number of observations: ~ 70,000
    • Data format: aggregate data (also for some subgroups) in .html and .csv
    • By: @eurofound

  • Global Drug Survey

    • Focus: Alcohol and other drug use, mental health and coping mechanisms
    • Coverage
      • Countries: 12 countries
      • Target population and sampling: people aged 18 and over, snowballing
      • Time: May and June 2020
      • Interval of data collection: once
      • Availability of individual level data from pre-CoVID: No
      • Number of observations: ~ 70,000
    • Data format: research report (.pdf)
    • By: @GlobalDrugSurvy

  • Monitero Nacional de Sintomas y Practicas COVID-19 en Chile

    • Focus: Health situation and well-being
    • Coverage
      • Countries: Chile
      • Target population and sampling: people aged 18 and over, snowball sampling
      • Time: 13/4/2020 - 24/5/2020, ongoing
      • Interval of data collection: weekly cross-sections and weekly individual level panel
      • Availability of individual level data from pre-CoVID: No
      • Number of observations: 15,000-37,000 per week
    • Data format: N/A
    • By: Colegio Médico de Chile y Universidad de Chile, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Diego Portales, PI: Cristóbal Cuadrado, @CCuadrado

N/A

  • BFA Global Survey on the Impact of COVID-19 on Financial Lives and Summary Blog
    • Focus: COVID19 impact on financial health of households incl. income, savings, debt
    • Coverage
      • Countries: Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria, South Africa, India, Mexico, UK, USA
      • Target population and sampling: N/A
      • Time: 25-26 March 2020, 11-12 April 2020
      • Interval of data collection: 2 cross-sections
      • Availability of individual level data from pre-CoVID: No
      • Number of observations: 1,561 respondents in 7 countries (wave1), 1,646 respondents in 8 countries (wave 2).
    • Data format: html for aggregate results (only)
    • By @BFAGlobal, @ashamin

Additional Sources: Research & other collections