- Build & Test Cloud Destinations
- Post Deployment Change Testing
There are 2 ways in which you can do local testing. Both require running a local server - which is explained below.
Approach 1: Use the Actions Tester: The Actions Tester provides a UI which allows you to specify an inbound Segment API call payload - such as a track() or identify() payload - and route that payload to an Action's perform() function in your Destination. The Destination's Settings Fields and Action Fields are rendered in the UI and provide an approximation of what the customer will see when configuring the Destination. The perform() function will then send data to your Platform.
Approach 2: Local testing with cURL or Postman: You can use an API testing tool such as cURL or Postman to test not only an Action's perform() function, but also the performBatch(), delete() and testAuthentication() functions. With this approach there is no UI so you'll need to provide not only the payload from an inbound Segment API call - such as a track() or identify() payload, but potentially other objects such as settings or mapping objects in your HTTP request.
Note: there is no 'Staging' platform available, so the testing you'll be doing will all be local until your Integration has been deployed to Segment's Production environment. When your Integration has been deployed to Production it will initially be set to 'Private Beta' mode and will not be findable by customers in the Catalog. However you will be able to set up and configure your Integration via a URL so that you can do further testing.
In order to see a visual representation of the settings/mappings fields we provide a tool to preview and execute simulated actions mappings against your in development destination. For more information on how to use actions tester click here.
To test a destination action locally you can spin up a local HTTP server through the Actions CLI.
# For more information, add the --help flag
./bin/run serveThe default port is set to 3000. To use a different port, you can specify the PORT environment variable (e.g. PORT=3001 ./bin/run serve). The examples in this documenation will assume PORT is set to 3000.
After running the serve command, select the destination you want to test locally. Once a destination is selected the server should start up.
To test a specific destination action's perform() or performBatch() function you can send a Postman or cURL request with the following URL format: https://localhost:<PORT>/<ACTION>. A list of eligible URLs will also be provided by the CLI command when the server is spun up.
For example if you wanted to test the the Emarsys Destination's upsertContact Action the URL you would POST to would be: http://localhost:3000/upsertContact.
The following is an example of a cURL command which will invoke the Emarsys Destination's upsertContact Action (Emarsys is an email tool popular with some Segment customers). Data for 3 objects is included in the data/body: payload, mapping and settings.
Emarsys doesn't use OAuth so you can leave out the auth object; however you if your Integration is using OAuth then you'll need to include an oauth object in the HTTP request.
"oauth": {
"access_token": "<OAUTH-ACCESS-TOKEN>"
}payload - this should contain the payload coming in to your Integration. It could be a track() or identify() or other payload. In the example below only the fields needed by the Emarsys upsertContact Action are included.
mapping - this should include mappings to be applied to the payload in order to extract out the field data you want to pass to the perform() function.
settings - this should include the Settings fields data to be passed to the perform() function. In the case of Emarsys there are only 2 Settings fields, the api_user and api_password fields.
curl --location --request POST 'http://localhost:3000/upsertContact' \
--header 'Content-Type: application/json' \
--data '{
"mapping": {
"key_field": { "@path": "$.properties.key_field" },
"key_value": { "@path": "$.properties.key_value" },
"write_field": { "@path": "$.traits" }
},
"settings": {
"api_user": "<EMARSYS-API-USER>",
"api_password": "<EMARSYS-API-PASSWORD>"
},
"payload":
{
"properties": {
"key_field": "3",
"key_value": "[email protected]"
},
"traits": {
"1": "Hans",
"2": "Müller"
}
}
}'Invoking an Action's performBatch() is nearly identical to invoking the perform() function except that thepayload object will be an array of events rather than a single event object. In the example below a batch of 2 events is sent to the Emarsys performBatch() function.
curl --location --request POST 'http://localhost:3000/upsertContact' \
--header 'Content-Type: application/json' \
--data '{
"mapping": {
"key_field": { "@path": "$.properties.key_field" },
"key_value": { "@path": "$.properties.key_value" },
"write_field": { "@path": "$.traits" }
},
"settings": {
"api_user": "<EMARSYS-API-USER>",
"api_password": "<EMARSYS-API-PASSWORD>"
},
"payload":[
{
"properties": {
"key_field": "3",
"key_value": "[email protected]"
},
"traits": {
"1": "Hans",
"2": "Müller"
}
},
{
"properties": {
"key_field": "3",
"key_value": "[email protected]"
},
"traits": {
"1": "James",
"2": "Mills"
}
}]
}'The testAuthentication() function is a function which is called in the Segment UI after a user provides Settings information in a Destination's Settings tab. The purpose of the testAuthentication() function is to verify that the authentication credentials provided by the customer are valid.
If the credentials are invalid the testAuthentication() function should throw an Error which will be displayed to the customer in the Segment UI.
The example below shows the HTTP POST request you would use to invoke the testAuthentication() function for the Emarsys Destination. This particular Destination doesn't use OAuth and instead has authentication fields in the settings object. The POST request should be sent to http://localhost:3000/authentication.
curl --location --request POST 'http://localhost:3000/authentication' \
--header 'Content-Type: application/json' \
--data '{
"settings": {
"api_user": "<EMARSYS-API-USER>",
"api_password": "<EMARSYS-API-PASSWORD>"
}
}'If your Integration instead uses OAuth you will need to pass in an oauth object in the HTTP request:
curl --location --request POST 'http://localhost:3000/authentication' \
--header 'Content-Type: application/json' \
--data '{
"oauth": {
"access_token": "<OAUTH-ACCESS-TOKEN>"
}
}'You can test the createAudience and getAudience methods as well. Use the commands below as an example and populate the settings according to the needs of your destination.
createAudience
curl --location 'http://localhost:3000/createAudience' \
--header 'Content-Type: application/json' \
--data '{
"settings": {
"createAudienceUrl": "http://localhost:4242"
},
"audienceSettings": {
"advertiser_id": "abcxyz123"
},
"audienceName": "The Super Mario Brothers Super Audience"
}'getAudience
curl --location 'http://localhost:3000/getAudience' \
--header 'Content-Type: application/json' \
--data '{
"settings": {
"getAudienceUrl": "http://localhost:4242/getAudience"
},
"audienceSettings": {
"advertiser_id": "abcxyz123"
},
"externalId": 21
}'When building a destination action, you should write unit and end-to-end tests to ensure your action is working as intended. Tests are automatically run on every commit in Github Actions. Pull requests that do not include relevant tests will not be approved.
Today, our unit tests behave more like integration tests in that you are not only testing the perform operation/unit, but also how events + mappings get transformed and validated.
Run tests for all cloud destinations with yarn cloud test or target a specific destination with the --testPathPattern flag:
yarn cloud test --testPathPattern=src/destinations/sendgrid
While testing, we want to avoid hitting external APIs. We use nock to intercept requests before they hit the network.
Testing events + mapping
import nock from 'nock'
import { createTestIntegration, StatsClient } from '@segment/actions-core'
import SendGrid from '../index'
const statsClient = {} as StatsClient
const tags = ['integration:actions-sendgrid']
const testDestination = createTestDestination(SendGrid)
const SENDGRID_API_KEY = 'some random secret'
describe('SendGrid', () => {
describe('createList', () => {
it('should validate action fields', async () => {
try {
await testDestination.testAction('createList', {
settings: { apiKey: SENDGRID_API_KEY },
skipDefaultMappings: true
})
} catch (err) {
expect(err.message).toContain("missing the required field 'name'.")
}
})
it('should work', async () => {
nock('https://api.sendgrid.com/v3')
.post('/marketing/lists', { name: 'Some Name' })
.reply(200)
await testDestination.testAction('createList', {
mapping: { name: 'Some Name' },
settings: { apiKey: SENDGRID_API_KEY },
features: { my_feature: true },
statsContext: { statsClient, tags }
})
})
})
})Testing authentication scheme with unit tests
// ...
describe('SendGrid', () => {
// ...
describe('authentication', () => {
it('should validate api keys', async () => {
try {
await testDestination.testAuthentication({ apiKey: 'secret' })
} catch (err) {
expect(err.message).toContain('API Key should be 32 characters')
}
})
it('should test that authentication works', async () => {
nock('https://api.sendgrid.com/v3')
.get('/user/profile')
.matchHeader('authorization', `Bearer some valid super secret api key`)
.reply(200, {})
await expect(testDestination.testAuthentication(settings)).resolves.not.toThrow()
})
it('should test that authentication fails', async () => {
nock('https://api.sendgrid.com/v3')
.get('/user/profile')
.reply(403, {
errors: [{ field: null, message: 'access forbidden' }]
})
try {
await testDestination.testAuthentication({ apiKey: `nope this is an invalid key` })
} catch (err) {
expect(err.message).toContain('Credentials are invalid')
}
})
})
})Snapshot tests help developers understand how their changes affect the request body and the downstream tool. In action-destinations, they are automatically generated with both the init and generate:action CLI commands - the former creating destination-level snapshots and the latter creating action-level snapshots. These tests can be found in the snapshot.test.ts file under the __tests__ folder.
The snapshot.test.ts file mocks an HTTP server using nock, and generates random test data (w/ Chance) based on the destination action's fields and corresponding data type. For each destination action, it creates two snapshot tests - one for all fields and another for just the required fields. To ensure deterministic tests, the Chance instance is instantiated with a fixed seed corresponding to the destination action name.
Once the actions under a new destination are complete, developers can run the following command to generate a snapshot file (snapshot.test.ts.snap) under /__tests__/snapshots/.
yarn jest --testPathPattern='./packages/destination-actions/src/destinations/<DESTINATION SLUG>' --updateSnapshot
Ensure your NODE_ENV environment variable is set to test.
export NODE_ENV=test
Code coverage is collected upon completion of yarn test --coverage. Results may be inspected by examining the HTML report found at coverage/lcov-report/index.html, or directly in your IDE if lcov is supported.
An extra level of governance and oversight is required when making changes to an Integration which is already in use by customers. See Submitting subsequent changes instructions for additional details.