diff --git a/files/en-us/glossary/dns/index.md b/files/en-us/glossary/dns/index.md index 756151abbe6e11f..c18279070f14ea3 100644 --- a/files/en-us/glossary/dns/index.md +++ b/files/en-us/glossary/dns/index.md @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ page-type: glossary-definition **DNS** (Domain Name System) is a hierarchical and decentralized naming system for Internet connected resources. DNS maintains a list of {{Glossary("domain name","domain names")}} along with the resources, such as IP addresses, that are associated with them. -The most prominent function of DNS is the translation of human-friendly domain names (such as mozilla.org) to a numeric {{Glossary("IP address")}} (such as 151.106.5.172); this process of mapping a domain name to the appropriate IP address is known as a **DNS lookup**. By contrast, a **reverse DNS lookup** (rDNS) is used to determine the domain name associated with an IP address. +The most prominent function of DNS is the translation of human-friendly domain names (such as mozilla.org) to a numeric {{Glossary("IP address")}} (such as 192.0.2.172); this process of mapping a domain name to the appropriate IP address is known as a **DNS lookup**. By contrast, a **reverse DNS lookup** (rDNS) is used to determine the domain name associated with an IP address. ## See also diff --git a/files/en-us/learn/common_questions/web_mechanics/how_does_the_internet_work/index.md b/files/en-us/learn/common_questions/web_mechanics/how_does_the_internet_work/index.md index 5df6c0db1f6145a..55b5cd7da14f251 100644 --- a/files/en-us/learn/common_questions/web_mechanics/how_does_the_internet_work/index.md +++ b/files/en-us/learn/common_questions/web_mechanics/how_does_the_internet_work/index.md @@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ So we are connected to the telephone infrastructure. The next step is to send th ### Finding computers -If you want to send a message to a computer, you have to specify which one. Thus any computer linked to a network has a unique address that identifies it, called an "IP address" (where IP stands for _Internet Protocol_). It's an address made of a series of four numbers separated by dots, for example: `192.168.2.10`. +If you want to send a message to a computer, you have to specify which one. Thus any computer linked to a network has a unique address that identifies it, called an "IP address" (where IP stands for _Internet Protocol_). It's an address made of a series of four numbers separated by dots, for example: `192.0.2.172`. That's perfectly fine for computers, but we human beings have a hard time remembering that sort of address. To make things easier, we can alias an IP address with a human-readable name called a _domain name_. For example (at the time of writing; IP addresses can change) `google.com` is the domain name used on top of the IP address `142.250.190.78`. So using the domain name is the easiest way for us to reach a computer over the Internet. diff --git a/files/en-us/learn/common_questions/web_mechanics/what_is_a_domain_name/index.md b/files/en-us/learn/common_questions/web_mechanics/what_is_a_domain_name/index.md index dbd251238728d0d..6534850279519dc 100644 --- a/files/en-us/learn/common_questions/web_mechanics/what_is_a_domain_name/index.md +++ b/files/en-us/learn/common_questions/web_mechanics/what_is_a_domain_name/index.md @@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ page-type: learn-faq Domain names are a key part of the Internet infrastructure. They provide a human-readable address for any web server available on the Internet. -Any Internet-connected computer can be reached through a public {{Glossary("IP Address")}}, either an IPv4 address (e.g. `173.194.121.32`) or an IPv6 address (e.g., `2027:0da8:8b73:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:1337`). +Any Internet-connected computer can be reached through a public {{Glossary("IP Address")}}, either an IPv4 address (e.g. `192.0.2.172`) or an IPv6 address (e.g., `2001:db8:8b73:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:1337`). Computers can handle such addresses easily, but people have a hard time finding out who is running the server or what service the website offers. IP addresses are hard to remember and might change over time. diff --git a/files/en-us/learn/getting_started_with_the_web/how_the_web_works/index.md b/files/en-us/learn/getting_started_with_the_web/how_the_web_works/index.md index a8cd945885bce2e..0afe78a7b977b2e 100644 --- a/files/en-us/learn/getting_started_with_the_web/how_the_web_works/index.md +++ b/files/en-us/learn/getting_started_with_the_web/how_the_web_works/index.md @@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ When browsers send requests to servers for HTML files, those HTML files often co ## DNS explained -Real web addresses aren't the nice, memorable strings you type into your address bar to find your favorite websites. They are special numbers that look like this: `63.245.215.20`. +Real web addresses aren't the nice, memorable strings you type into your address bar to find your favorite websites. They are special numbers that look like this: `192.0.2.172`. This is called an {{Glossary("IP Address", "IP address")}}, and it represents a unique location on the web. However, it's not very easy to remember, is it? That's why the Domain Name System was invented. This system uses special servers that match up a web address you type into your browser (like "mozilla.org") to the website's real (IP) address. diff --git a/files/en-us/mozilla/add-ons/webextensions/api/dns/resolve/index.md b/files/en-us/mozilla/add-ons/webextensions/api/dns/resolve/index.md index a8de87641bc148d..ce3d5d2057fb3a1 100644 --- a/files/en-us/mozilla/add-ons/webextensions/api/dns/resolve/index.md +++ b/files/en-us/mozilla/add-ons/webextensions/api/dns/resolve/index.md @@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ function resolved(record) { let resolving = browser.dns.resolve("example.com"); resolving.then(resolved); -// > e.g. Array [ "73.284.240.12" ] +// > e.g. Array [ "192.0.2.172" ] ``` Bypass the cache, and ask for the canonical name: @@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ let resolving = browser.dns.resolve("developer.mozilla.org", [ resolving.then(resolved); // > e.g. xyz.us-west-2.elb.amazonaws.com -// > e.g. Array [ "78.18.187.134", "34.79.135.234" ] +// > e.g. Array [ "192.0.2.172", "198.51.100.45" ] ``` {{WebExtExamples}} diff --git a/files/en-us/web/api/rtcicecandidate/address/index.md b/files/en-us/web/api/rtcicecandidate/address/index.md index 8174bac187461b7..518ed7c62b2c2a1 100644 --- a/files/en-us/web/api/rtcicecandidate/address/index.md +++ b/files/en-us/web/api/rtcicecandidate/address/index.md @@ -63,10 +63,10 @@ left out of the pool of candidates, as are any other candidates which aren't rel Consider this {{Glossary("SDP")}} attribute line (a-line) which describes an ICE candidate: ``` -a=candidate:4234997325 1 udp 2043278322 192.168.0.56 44323 typ host +a=candidate:4234997325 1 udp 2043278322 192.0.2.172 44323 typ host ``` -The fifth field, `"192.168.0.56"` is the IP address in this candidate's a-line string. +The fifth field, `"192.0.2.172"` is the IP address in this candidate's a-line string. ## Examples diff --git a/files/en-us/web/api/rtcicecandidate/candidate/index.md b/files/en-us/web/api/rtcicecandidate/candidate/index.md index 33ba669b50cf29b..e62880d1c0ee1aa 100644 --- a/files/en-us/web/api/rtcicecandidate/candidate/index.md +++ b/files/en-us/web/api/rtcicecandidate/candidate/index.md @@ -22,10 +22,10 @@ If the `candidate` is an empty string (`""`), the end of the candidate list has The syntax of the candidate string is described in {{RFC(5245, "", 15.1)}}. For an a-line (attribute line) that looks like this: ``` -a=candidate:4234997325 1 udp 2043278322 192.168.0.56 44323 typ host +a=candidate:4234997325 1 udp 2043278322 192.0.2.172 44323 typ host ``` -the corresponding `candidate` string's value will be: `"candidate:4234997325 1 udp 2043278322 192.168.0.56 44323 typ host"`. +the corresponding `candidate` string's value will be: `"candidate:4234997325 1 udp 2043278322 192.0.2.172 44323 typ host"`. The {{Glossary("user agent")}} always prefers candidates with the highest {{domxref("RTCIceCandidate.priority", "priority")}}, all else being equal. In the @@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ attributes for this example candidate is: - {{domxref("RTCIceCandidate.component", "component")}} = `"rtp"` (the number 1 is encoded to this string; 2 becomes `"rtcp"`) - {{domxref("RTCIceCandidate.protocol", "protocol")}} = `"udp"` - {{domxref("RTCIceCandidate.priority", "priority")}} = 2043278322 -- {{domxref("RTCIceCandidate/address", "ip")}} = `"192.168.0.56"` +- {{domxref("RTCIceCandidate/address", "ip")}} = `"192.0.2.172"` - {{domxref("RTCIceCandidate.port", "port")}} = 44323 - {{domxref("RTCIceCandidate.type", "type")}} = `"host"` diff --git a/files/en-us/web/api/rtcicecandidate/component/index.md b/files/en-us/web/api/rtcicecandidate/component/index.md index c2de526f7cb7b43..0e435138ecf84c6 100644 --- a/files/en-us/web/api/rtcicecandidate/component/index.md +++ b/files/en-us/web/api/rtcicecandidate/component/index.md @@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ A string which is one of the following: Consider this {{Glossary("SDP")}} attribute line (a-line): ``` -a=candidate:4234997325 1 udp 2043278322 192.168.0.56 44323 typ host +a=candidate:4234997325 1 udp 2043278322 192.0.2.172 44323 typ host ``` This is an ICE candidate a-line, whose {{domxref("RTCIceCandidate.foundation", diff --git a/files/en-us/web/api/rtcicecandidate/foundation/index.md b/files/en-us/web/api/rtcicecandidate/foundation/index.md index 72271576fc89920..8900d664820097f 100644 --- a/files/en-us/web/api/rtcicecandidate/foundation/index.md +++ b/files/en-us/web/api/rtcicecandidate/foundation/index.md @@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ Consider this {{Glossary("SDP")}} attribute line (a-line) which describes an ICE candidate: ``` -a=candidate:4234997325 1 udp 2043278322 192.168.0.56 44323 typ host +a=candidate:4234997325 1 udp 2043278322 192.0.2.172 44323 typ host ``` The field `"4234997325"` is the foundation. diff --git a/files/en-us/web/api/rtcicecandidate/port/index.md b/files/en-us/web/api/rtcicecandidate/port/index.md index 3c9facacd39af5c..aee5ccc26268d9e 100644 --- a/files/en-us/web/api/rtcicecandidate/port/index.md +++ b/files/en-us/web/api/rtcicecandidate/port/index.md @@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ Consider this {{Glossary("SDP")}} attribute line (a-line) which describes an ICE candidate: ``` -a=candidate:4234997325 1 udp 2043278322 192.168.0.56 44323 typ host +a=candidate:4234997325 1 udp 2043278322 192.0.2.172 44323 typ host ``` The port number is found in the sixth field, which is `"44323"`. In this case, the value of `port` will be 44323. diff --git a/files/en-us/web/api/rtcicecandidate/priority/index.md b/files/en-us/web/api/rtcicecandidate/priority/index.md index 6a9457a27c0075c..03072da2e5698b1 100644 --- a/files/en-us/web/api/rtcicecandidate/priority/index.md +++ b/files/en-us/web/api/rtcicecandidate/priority/index.md @@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ The larger this value is, the more preferable the remote peer considers this can Consider this {{Glossary("SDP")}} attribute line (a-line) which describes an ICE candidate: ``` -a=candidate:4234997325 1 udp 2043278322 192.168.0.56 44323 typ host +a=candidate:4234997325 1 udp 2043278322 192.0.2.172 44323 typ host ``` The priority is the number after the protocol, so it's the fourth field in the candidate string. diff --git a/files/en-us/web/api/rtcicecandidate/protocol/index.md b/files/en-us/web/api/rtcicecandidate/protocol/index.md index 3ea28926160d677..e5a88623a822d51 100644 --- a/files/en-us/web/api/rtcicecandidate/protocol/index.md +++ b/files/en-us/web/api/rtcicecandidate/protocol/index.md @@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ A string that indicates what network protocol the candidate uses: Here's an example candidate a-line from an ICE transaction: ``` -a=candidate:4234997325 1 udp 2043278322 192.168.0.56 44323 typ host +a=candidate:4234997325 1 udp 2043278322 192.0.2.172 44323 typ host ``` The third field, `"udp"`, is the protocol type, indicating that the diff --git a/files/en-us/web/api/rtcicecandidate/relatedaddress/index.md b/files/en-us/web/api/rtcicecandidate/relatedaddress/index.md index 50445056dd478c6..7408f73dcf1c70e 100644 --- a/files/en-us/web/api/rtcicecandidate/relatedaddress/index.md +++ b/files/en-us/web/api/rtcicecandidate/relatedaddress/index.md @@ -38,11 +38,11 @@ addresses. `relatedAddress` can also be used by Quality-of-Service (QoS) mechani Here's an [SDP](/en-US/docs/Web/API/WebRTC_API/Protocols#sdp) attribute line (a-line) describing an ICE candidate discovered by the STUN server: ``` -a=candidate:4234997325 1 udp 2043278322 192.168.0.56 6502 typ srflx raddr 192.168.2.77 rport 32768 generation 0 +a=candidate:4234997325 1 udp 2043278322 192.0.2.172 6502 typ srflx raddr 198.51.100.45 rport 32768 generation 0 ``` The remote address, `relatedAddress`, is the dotted quad (for IPv4) or -colon-delineated 64-bit address (for IPv6) immediately following the text `"raddr"`, or `"192.168.2.77"`. +colon-delineated 64-bit address (for IPv6) immediately following the text `"raddr"`, or `"198.51.100.45"`. ## Examples diff --git a/files/en-us/web/api/rtcicecandidate/relatedport/index.md b/files/en-us/web/api/rtcicecandidate/relatedport/index.md index 0a320fd6e85f9b9..e04948a7d8c090e 100644 --- a/files/en-us/web/api/rtcicecandidate/relatedport/index.md +++ b/files/en-us/web/api/rtcicecandidate/relatedport/index.md @@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ Here's an {{Glossary("SDP")}} attribute line (a-line) describing an ICE candidat discovered by the STUN server: ``` -a=candidate:4234997325 1 udp 2043278322 192.168.0.56 6502 typ srflx raddr 192.168.2.77 rport 32768 generation 0 +a=candidate:4234997325 1 udp 2043278322 192.0.2.172 6502 typ srflx raddr 198.51.100.45 rport 32768 generation 0 ``` The remote port, `relatedPort`, is the number immediately following the `"rport"` label on the a-line, or 32768. diff --git a/files/en-us/web/api/rtcicecandidate/rtcicecandidate/index.md b/files/en-us/web/api/rtcicecandidate/rtcicecandidate/index.md index 42aff503bd0696a..7954bde4d4245ac 100644 --- a/files/en-us/web/api/rtcicecandidate/rtcicecandidate/index.md +++ b/files/en-us/web/api/rtcicecandidate/rtcicecandidate/index.md @@ -39,11 +39,11 @@ new RTCIceCandidate(candidateInfo) For an a-line (attribute line) that looks like this: ``` - a=candidate:4234997325 1 udp 2043278322 192.168.0.56 44323 typ host + a=candidate:4234997325 1 udp 2043278322 192.0.2.172 44323 typ host ``` the corresponding `candidate` string's value will be - `"candidate:4234997325 1 udp 2043278322 192.168.0.56 44323 typ host"`. + `"candidate:4234997325 1 udp 2043278322 192.0.2.172 44323 typ host"`. The {{Glossary("user agent")}} always prefers candidates with the highest {{domxref("RTCIceCandidate.priority", "priority")}}, all else being equal. In the example above, the priority is `2043278322`. The attributes are all separated by a single space character, and are in a specific order. @@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ new RTCIceCandidate(candidateInfo) - {{domxref("RTCIceCandidate.component", "component")}} = `"rtp"` (the number 1 is encoded to this string; 2 becomes `"rtcp"`) - {{domxref("RTCIceCandidate.protocol", "protocol")}} = `"udp"` - {{domxref("RTCIceCandidate.priority", "priority")}} = 2043278322 - - {{domxref("RTCIceCandidate/address", "ip")}} = `"192.168.0.56"` + - {{domxref("RTCIceCandidate/address", "ip")}} = `"192.0.2.172"` - {{domxref("RTCIceCandidate.port", "port")}} = 44323 - {{domxref("RTCIceCandidate.type", "type")}} = `"host"` diff --git a/files/en-us/web/api/rtcpeerconnection/addicecandidate/index.md b/files/en-us/web/api/rtcpeerconnection/addicecandidate/index.md index a4dbcc871bd04dd..6e6100e16ef6a69 100644 --- a/files/en-us/web/api/rtcpeerconnection/addicecandidate/index.md +++ b/files/en-us/web/api/rtcpeerconnection/addicecandidate/index.md @@ -47,11 +47,11 @@ addIceCandidate(candidate, successCallback, failureCallback) // deprecated For an a-line (attribute line) that looks like this: ``` - a=candidate:4234997325 1 udp 2043278322 192.168.0.56 44323 typ host + a=candidate:4234997325 1 udp 2043278322 192.0.2.172 44323 typ host ``` the corresponding `candidate` string's value will be - `"candidate:4234997325 1 udp 2043278322 192.168.0.56 44323 typ host"`. + `"candidate:4234997325 1 udp 2043278322 192.0.2.172 44323 typ host"`. The {{Glossary("user agent")}} always prefers candidates with the highest {{domxref("RTCIceCandidate.priority", "priority")}}, all else being equal. In the example above, the priority is `2043278322`. The attributes are all separated by a single space character, and are in a specific order. @@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ addIceCandidate(candidate, successCallback, failureCallback) // deprecated - {{domxref("RTCIceCandidate.component", "component")}} = `"rtp"` (the number 1 is encoded to this string; 2 becomes `"rtcp"`) - {{domxref("RTCIceCandidate.protocol", "protocol")}} = `"udp"` - {{domxref("RTCIceCandidate.priority", "priority")}} = 2043278322 - - {{domxref("RTCIceCandidate/address", "ip")}} = `"192.168.0.56"` + - {{domxref("RTCIceCandidate/address", "ip")}} = `"192.0.2.172"` - {{domxref("RTCIceCandidate.port", "port")}} = 44323 - {{domxref("RTCIceCandidate.type", "type")}} = `"host"` @@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ signalingChannel.onmessage = (receivedString) => { if (message.ice) { // A typical value of ice here might look something like this: // - // {candidate: "candidate:0 1 UDP 2122154243 192.168.1.9 53421 typ host", sdpMid: "0", …} + // {candidate: "candidate:0 1 UDP 2122154243 192.0.2.43 53421 typ host", sdpMid: "0", …} // // Pass the whole thing to addIceCandidate: diff --git a/files/en-us/web/http/headers/forwarded/index.md b/files/en-us/web/http/headers/forwarded/index.md index 40621a99521ecca..bffa2b023e6b24c 100644 --- a/files/en-us/web/http/headers/forwarded/index.md +++ b/files/en-us/web/http/headers/forwarded/index.md @@ -86,8 +86,8 @@ If your application, server, or proxy supports the standardized `Forwarded` head Note that IPv6 address is quoted and enclosed in square brackets in `Forwarded`. ```http -X-Forwarded-For: 123.34.567.89 -Forwarded: for=123.34.567.89 +X-Forwarded-For: 192.0.2.172 +Forwarded: for=192.0.2.172 X-Forwarded-For: 192.0.2.43, "[2001:db8:cafe::17]" Forwarded: for=192.0.2.43, for="[2001:db8:cafe::17]" diff --git a/files/en-us/web/http/headers/x-forwarded-for/index.md b/files/en-us/web/http/headers/x-forwarded-for/index.md index a5629b11baff932..ae0ba7a0642f09d 100644 --- a/files/en-us/web/http/headers/x-forwarded-for/index.md +++ b/files/en-us/web/http/headers/x-forwarded-for/index.md @@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ X-Forwarded-For: 203.0.113.195 X-Forwarded-For: 203.0.113.195, 2001:db8:85a3:8d3:1319:8a2e:370:7348 -X-Forwarded-For: 203.0.113.195,2001:db8:85a3:8d3:1319:8a2e:370:7348,150.172.238.178 +X-Forwarded-For: 203.0.113.195,2001:db8:85a3:8d3:1319:8a2e:370:7348,198.51.100.178 ``` ## Parsing diff --git a/files/en-us/web/http/network_error_logging/index.md b/files/en-us/web/http/network_error_logging/index.md index babe2cbcfae0e0b..a9e1f48053909a1 100644 --- a/files/en-us/web/http/network_error_logging/index.md +++ b/files/en-us/web/http/network_error_logging/index.md @@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ In these examples, the entire reporting API payload is shown. The top-level **`" "protocol": "http/1.1", "referrer": "https://example.com/previous-page", "sampling_fraction": 1, - "server_ip": "137.205.28.66", + "server_ip": "192.0.2.172", "status_code": 400, "type": "http.error", "url": "https://example.com/bad-request" diff --git a/files/en-us/web/http/proxy_servers_and_tunneling/proxy_auto-configuration_pac_file/index.md b/files/en-us/web/http/proxy_servers_and_tunneling/proxy_auto-configuration_pac_file/index.md index 05b7023274d3546..fa229679c166ddd 100644 --- a/files/en-us/web/http/proxy_servers_and_tunneling/proxy_auto-configuration_pac_file/index.md +++ b/files/en-us/web/http/proxy_servers_and_tunneling/proxy_auto-configuration_pac_file/index.md @@ -246,8 +246,8 @@ function alertEval(str) { alert(`${str} is ${eval(str)}`); } function FindProxyForURL(url, host) { - alertEval('isInNet(host, "63.245.213.24", "255.255.255.255")'); - // "PAC-alert: isInNet(host, "63.245.213.24", "255.255.255.255") is true" + alertEval('isInNet(host, "192.0.2.172", "255.255.255.255")'); + // "PAC-alert: isInNet(host, "192.0.2.172", "255.255.255.255") is true" } ``` @@ -288,7 +288,7 @@ Concatenates the four dot-separated bytes into one 4-byte word and converts it t #### Example ```js -convert_addr("104.16.41.2"); // returns the decimal number 1745889538 +convert_addr("192.0.2.172"); // returns the decimal number 1745889538 ``` ### myIpAddress() @@ -615,7 +615,7 @@ In this example all of the hosts in a given subnet are connected-to directly, ot ```js function FindProxyForURL(url, host) { - if (isInNet(host, "198.95.0.0", "255.255.0.0")) { + if (isInNet(host, "192.0.2.172", "255.255.0.0")) { return "DIRECT"; } return "PROXY proxy.mydomain.com:8080"; @@ -629,7 +629,7 @@ function FindProxyForURL(url, host) { if ( isPlainHostName(host) || dnsDomainIs(host, ".mydomain.com") || - isInNet(host, "198.95.0.0", "255.255.0.0") + isInNet(host, "192.0.2.0", "255.255.0.0") ) { return "DIRECT"; } else {