diff --git a/.github/workflows/python_package.yml b/.github/workflows/python_package.yml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..9c2103c23444
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/python_package.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+name: Python-package
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches:
+    - master
+  pull_request:
+    branches:
+    - master
+
+env:
+  CONDA_ENV: test-env
+  GITHUB_ACTIONS: 'true'
+
+jobs:
+  test:
+    name: ${{ matrix.task }} ${{ matrix.method }} (${{ matrix.os }}, Python ${{ matrix.python_version }})
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - os: macOS-latest
+            task: regular
+            python_version: 3.6
+          - os: macOS-latest
+            task: sdist
+            python_version: 3.8
+          - os: macOS-latest
+            task: bdist
+            python_version: 3.8
+          - os: macOS-latest
+            task: if-else
+            python_version: 3.8
+          - os: macOS-latest
+            task: mpi
+            method: source
+            python_version: 3.8
+          - os: macOS-latest
+            task: mpi
+            method: pip
+            python_version: 3.6
+          - os: macOS-latest
+            task: mpi
+            method: wheel
+            python_version: 3.7
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout repository
+        uses: actions/checkout@v2.3.4
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 5
+          submodules: true
+      - name: Setup and run tests
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          export TASK="${{ matrix.task }}"
+          export METHOD="${{ matrix.method }}"
+          export PYTHON_VERSION="${{ matrix.python_version }}"
+          if [[ "${{ matrix.os }}" == "macOS-latest" ]]; then
+              export COMPILER="gcc"
+              export OS_NAME="macos"
+          elif [[ "${{ matrix.os }}" == "ubuntu-latest" ]]; then
+              export COMPILER="clang"
+              export OS_NAME="linux"
+          fi
+          export BUILD_DIRECTORY="$GITHUB_WORKSPACE"
+          export LGB_VER=$(head -n 1 VERSION.txt)
+          export CONDA=${HOME}/miniconda
+          export PATH=${CONDA}/bin:${PATH}
+          $GITHUB_WORKSPACE/.ci/setup.sh || exit -1
+          $GITHUB_WORKSPACE/.ci/test.sh || exit -1
+  all-successful:
+    # https://github.community/t/is-it-possible-to-require-all-github-actions-tasks-to-pass-without-enumerating-them/117957/4?u=graingert
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    needs: [test]
+    steps:
+    - name: Note that all tests succeeded
+      run: echo "🎉"
diff --git a/.travis.yml b/.travis.yml
index 82e5de10c653..05188fdb4b0e 100644
--- a/.travis.yml
+++ b/.travis.yml
@@ -8,13 +8,13 @@ git:
 
 os:
   - linux
-  - osx
 dist: focal
-osx_image: xcode12.2
 
 env:
   global:  # default values
+    - COMPILER=clang
     - PYTHON_VERSION=3.8
+    - OS_NAME=linux
   matrix:
     - TASK=regular PYTHON_VERSION=3.6
     - TASK=sdist
@@ -27,26 +27,10 @@ env:
     - TASK=gpu METHOD=pip PYTHON_VERSION=3.6
     - TASK=gpu METHOD=wheel PYTHON_VERSION=3.7
 
-matrix:
-  exclude:
-    - os: osx
-      env: TASK=gpu METHOD=source
-    - os: osx
-      env: TASK=gpu METHOD=pip PYTHON_VERSION=3.6
-    - os: osx
-      env: TASK=gpu METHOD=wheel PYTHON_VERSION=3.7
-
 before_install:
   - test -n $CC  && unset CC
   - test -n $CXX && unset CXX
   - export BUILD_DIRECTORY="$TRAVIS_BUILD_DIR"
-  - if [[ $TRAVIS_OS_NAME == "osx" ]]; then
-        export OS_NAME="macos";
-        export COMPILER="gcc";
-    else
-        export OS_NAME="linux";
-        export COMPILER="clang";
-    fi
   - export CONDA="$HOME/miniconda"
   - export PATH="$CONDA/bin:$PATH"
   - export CONDA_ENV="test-env"
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 293dd32e2215..de27a618896a 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 Light Gradient Boosting Machine
 ===============================
 
+[![Python-package GitHub Actions Build Status](https://github.com/microsoft/LightGBM/workflows/Python-package/badge.svg?branch=master)](https://github.com/microsoft/LightGBM/actions)
 [![R-package GitHub Actions Build Status](https://github.com/microsoft/LightGBM/workflows/R-package/badge.svg?branch=master)](https://github.com/microsoft/LightGBM/actions)
 [![Static Analysis GitHub Actions Build Status](https://github.com/microsoft/LightGBM/workflows/Static%20Analysis/badge.svg?branch=master)](https://github.com/microsoft/LightGBM/actions)
 [![Azure Pipelines Build Status](https://lightgbm-ci.visualstudio.com/lightgbm-ci/_apis/build/status/Microsoft.LightGBM?branchName=master)](https://lightgbm-ci.visualstudio.com/lightgbm-ci/_build/latest?definitionId=1)