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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>HTML Tables Tutorial</title>
<style>
body {
font-family: Arial, sans-serif;
line-height: 1.6;
margin: 20px;
background-color: #f9f9f9;
color: #333;
}
h1,
h2 {
color: #444;
}
pre {
background-color: #e9e9e9;
padding: 10px;
border-radius: 5px;
overflow-x: auto;
}
.section {
margin-bottom: 40px;
padding: 20px;
background-color: #fff;
border: 1px solid #ccc;
border-radius: 10px;
}
.example {
background-color: #e9f7ef;
padding: 10px;
border: 1px solid #27ae60;
border-radius: 5px;
margin: 10px 0;
}
.code-example {
background-color: #f8f9fa;
padding: 15px;
border: 1px solid #ddd;
border-radius: 5px;
margin: 10px 0;
}
table {
border-collapse: collapse;
width: 100%;
margin: 10px 0;
}
th,
td {
padding: 8px;
text-align: left;
}
.demo-table {
border: 2px solid #333;
}
.demo-table th,
.demo-table td {
border: 1px solid #666;
}
.styled-table {
background-color: #fff;
}
.styled-table th {
background-color: #4CAF50;
color: white;
}
.styled-table tr:nth-child(even) {
background-color: #f2f2f2;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>HTML Tables Tutorial</h1>
<div class="section">
<h2>Basic HTML Table Structure</h2>
<p>HTML tables are created using the following tags:</p>
<ul>
<li>
<code><table></code> - defines a table
</li>
<li>
<code><tr></code> - defines a table row
</li>
<li>
<code><td></code> - defines a table cell
</li>
<li>
<code><th></code> - defines a table header
</li>
</ul>
<div class="code-example">
<pre>
<table>
<tr>
<th>Name</th>
<th>Age</th>
<th>City</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>John Doe</td>
<td>25</td>
<td>New York</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Jane Smith</td>
<td>30</td>
<td>London</td>
</tr>
</table></pre>
</div>
<div class="example">
<table class="demo-table">
<tr>
<th>Name</th>
<th>Age</th>
<th>City</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>John Doe</td>
<td>25</td>
<td>New York</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Jane Smith</td>
<td>30</td>
<td>London</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section">
<h2>Table Borders</h2>
<p>Borders can be added using CSS:</p>
<div class="code-example">
<pre>
table {
border-collapse: collapse;
width: 100%;
}
table, th, td {
border: 1px solid black;
padding: 8px;
}
th {
background-color: #f2f2f2;
}</pre>
</div>
<div class="example">
<table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;">
<tr>
<th style="border: 1px solid black; padding: 8px; background-color: #f2f2f2;">Product</th>
<th style="border: 1px solid black; padding: 8px; background-color: #f2f2f2;">Price</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border: 1px solid black; padding: 8px;">Laptop</td>
<td style="border: 1px solid black; padding: 8px;">$999</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border: 1px solid black; padding: 8px;">Phone</td>
<td style="border: 1px solid black; padding: 8px;">$699</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section">
<h2>Table Sizes</h2>
<p>Tables can be sized using various CSS properties:</p>
<div class="code-example">
<pre>
table {
width: 75%; /* Table width */
margin: auto; /* Center the table */
}
td {
height: 50px; /* Cell height */
}
.custom-width {
width: 150px; /* Custom column width */
}</pre>
</div>
<div class="example">
<table class="demo-table" style="width: 75%; margin: auto;">
<tr>
<th style="width: 150px;">Column 1</th>
<th>Column 2</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="height: 50px;">Sized cell</td>
<td>Regular cell</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section">
<h2>Table Headers</h2>
<p>Headers can be styled to stand out:</p>
<div class="code-example">
<pre>
th {
background-color: #4CAF50;
color: white;
font-weight: bold;
padding: 12px;
text-align: left;
}
td {
padding: 8px;
border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd;
}</pre>
</div>
<div class="example">
<table style="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse;">
<tr>
<th style="background-color: #4CAF50; color: white; padding: 12px; text-align: left;">Employee</th>
<th style="background-color: #4CAF50; color: white; padding: 12px; text-align: left;">Department</th>
<th style="background-color: #4CAF50; color: white; padding: 12px; text-align: left;">Salary</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 8px; border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd;">John Doe</td>
<td style="padding: 8px; border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd;">IT</td>
<td style="padding: 8px; border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd;">$75,000</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 8px; border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd;">Jane Smith</td>
<td style="padding: 8px; border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd;">HR</td>
<td style="padding: 8px; border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd;">$65,000</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section">
<h2>Padding & Spacing</h2>
<p>Control cell spacing using padding and border-spacing:</p>
<div class="code-example">
<pre>
table {
border-spacing: 10px;
border-collapse: separate;
}
td {
padding: 15px;
background-color: #f8f9fa;
border: 1px solid #dee2e6;
}</pre>
</div>
<div class="example">
<table style="border-spacing: 10px; border-collapse: separate;">
<tr>
<td style="padding: 15px; background-color: #f8f9fa; border: 1px solid #dee2e6;">Spaced cell 1</td>
<td style="padding: 15px; background-color: #f8f9fa; border: 1px solid #dee2e6;">Spaced cell 2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 15px; background-color: #f8f9fa; border: 1px solid #dee2e6;">Spaced cell 3</td>
<td style="padding: 15px; background-color: #f8f9fa; border: 1px solid #dee2e6;">Spaced cell 4</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section">
<h2>Colspan & Rowspan</h2>
<p>Cells can span multiple columns or rows:</p>
<div class="code-example">
<pre>
<table>
<tr>
<th colspan="2">Name</th>
<th>Age</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>First</td>
<td>Last</td>
<td rowspan="2">25</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2">Contact Info</td>
</tr>
</table></pre>
</div>
<div class="example">
<table class="demo-table">
<tr>
<th colspan="2">Name</th>
<th>Age</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>First</td>
<td>Last</td>
<td rowspan="2">25</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2">Contact Info</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section">
<h2>Table Styling</h2>
<p>Tables can be styled with various CSS properties:</p>
<div class="code-example">
<pre>
table {
border-collapse: collapse;
width: 100%;
box-shadow: 0 0 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
}
th {
background-color: #009879;
color: #ffffff;
text-align: left;
}
th, td {
padding: 12px 15px;
}
tbody tr {
border-bottom: 1px solid #dddddd;
}
tbody tr:nth-of-type(even) {
background-color: #f3f3f3;
}
tbody tr:last-of-type {
border-bottom: 2px solid #009879;
}</pre>
</div>
<div class="example">
<table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; box-shadow: 0 0 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);">
<thead>
<tr>
<th style="background-color: #009879; color: #ffffff; text-align: left; padding: 12px 15px;">Company</th>
<th style="background-color: #009879; color: #ffffff; text-align: left; padding: 12px 15px;">Contact</th>
<th style="background-color: #009879; color: #ffffff; text-align: left; padding: 12px 15px;">Country</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr style="border-bottom: 1px solid #dddddd;">
<td style="padding: 12px 15px;">Apple Inc.</td>
<td style="padding: 12px 15px;">Tim Cook</td>
<td style="padding: 12px 15px;">USA</td>
</tr>
<tr style="border-bottom: 1px solid #dddddd; background-color: #f3f3f3;">
<td style="padding: 12px 15px;">Samsung</td>
<td style="padding: 12px 15px;">Kim Ki Nam</td>
<td style="padding: 12px 15px;">South Korea</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section">
<h2>Table Colgroup</h2>
<p>The colgroup element is used to style specific columns. It allows you to apply styles to entire columns without having to specify styling for individual cells:</p>
<div class="code-example">
<pre>
<table>
<colgroup>
<col style="background-color: #f0f0f0">
<col style="background-color: #e0e0e0">
<col style="background-color: #d0d0d0">
</colgroup>
<tr>
<th>Product</th>
<th>Price</th>
<th>Stock</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Laptop</td>
<td>$999</td>
<td>25</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Phone</td>
<td>$699</td>
<td>50</td>
</tr>
</table></pre>
</div>
<div class="example">
<table class="demo-table" style="width: 100%;">
<colgroup>
<col style="background-color: #f0f0f0">
<col style="background-color: #e0e0e0">
<col style="background-color: #d0d0d0">
</colgroup>
<tr>
<th>Product</th>
<th>Price</th>
<th>Stock</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Laptop</td>
<td>$999</td>
<td>25</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Phone</td>
<td>$699</td>
<td>50</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Tablet</td>
<td>$499</td>
<td>75</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<p>Additional Colgroup Features:</p>
<div class="code-example">
<pre>
<table>
<colgroup>
<col span="2" style="background-color: #f0f0f0"> /* Spans two columns */
<col style="background-color: #e0e0e0; width: 150px"> /* Sets width */
</colgroup>
/* Table content */
</table></pre>
</div>
<div class="example">
<table class="demo-table" style="width: 100%;">
<colgroup>
<col span="2" style="background-color: #f0f0f0">
<col style="background-color: #e0e0e0; width: 150px">
</colgroup>
<tr>
<th>Category</th>
<th>Item</th>
<th>Quantity</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Electronics</td>
<td>Laptop</td>
<td>10</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Electronics</td>
<td>Mouse</td>
<td>20</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<p>Common Colgroup Use Cases:</p>
<ul>
<li>Styling alternate columns for better readability</li>
<li>Setting specific column widths</li>
<li>Hiding columns with <code>visibility: collapse</code>
</li>
<li>Applying consistent styling to entire columns</li>
</ul>
<p>Note: Some CSS properties may not work with colgroup in all browsers. The most widely supported properties are:</p>
<ul>
<li>background-color</li>
<li>background</li>
<li>border</li>
<li>width</li>
<li>visibility</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="section">
<h2>Additional Resources and Tips</h2>
<ul>
<li>Always include table headers for better accessibility</li>
<li>Use appropriate semantic markup (thead, tbody, tfoot)</li>
<li>Consider mobile responsiveness when designing tables</li>
<li>Use appropriate spacing and padding for better readability</li>
<li>Add hover effects to make interactive tables more engaging</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="section">
<h2>Best Practices Summary</h2>
<table class="styled-table">
<tr>
<th>Practice</th>
<th>Why It's Important</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Use proper semantic markup</td>
<td>Improves accessibility and SEO</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Include table headers</td>
<td>Makes tables more understandable</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Apply consistent styling</td>
<td>Creates professional appearance</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Consider responsive design</td>
<td>Ensures tables work on all devices</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<footer style="margin-top: 50px; padding: 20px; background-color: #f8f9fa; text-align: center; border-radius: 5px;">
<p>Thanks for learning about HTML Tables! Remember to practice these concepts to master them.</p>
</footer>
</body>
</html>