diff --git a/src/nba/CMakeLists.txt b/src/nba/CMakeLists.txt
index ce145f93f..b6d044848 100644
--- a/src/nba/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/src/nba/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -98,7 +98,6 @@ set(HEADERS_PUBLIC
   include/nba/common/punning.hpp
   include/nba/common/scope_exit.hpp
   include/nba/device/audio_device.hpp
-  include/nba/device/input_device.hpp
   include/nba/device/video_device.hpp
   include/nba/rom/backup/backup.hpp
   include/nba/rom/backup/backup_file.hpp
diff --git a/src/nba/include/nba/config.hpp b/src/nba/include/nba/config.hpp
index 0bf838c0e..54029d802 100644
--- a/src/nba/include/nba/config.hpp
+++ b/src/nba/include/nba/config.hpp
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@
 
 #include <memory>
 #include <nba/device/audio_device.hpp>
-#include <nba/device/input_device.hpp>
 #include <nba/device/video_device.hpp>
 #include <nba/integer.hpp>
 #include <string>
@@ -47,7 +46,6 @@ struct Config {
   } audio;
 
   std::shared_ptr<AudioDevice> audio_dev = std::make_shared<NullAudioDevice>();
-  std::shared_ptr<InputDevice> input_dev = std::make_shared<NullInputDevice>();
   std::shared_ptr<VideoDevice> video_dev = std::make_shared<NullVideoDevice>();
 };
 
diff --git a/src/nba/include/nba/core.hpp b/src/nba/include/nba/core.hpp
index 88f688606..853821050 100644
--- a/src/nba/include/nba/core.hpp
+++ b/src/nba/include/nba/core.hpp
@@ -19,6 +19,20 @@
 
 namespace nba {
 
+enum class Key : u8 {
+  A = 0,
+  B = 1,
+  Select = 2,
+  Start = 3,
+  Right = 4,
+  Left = 5,
+  Up = 6,
+  Down = 7,
+  L = 8,
+  R = 9,
+  Count = 10
+};
+
 struct CoreBase {
   static constexpr int kCyclesPerFrame = 280896;
 
@@ -32,6 +46,7 @@ struct CoreBase {
   virtual auto CreateSolarSensor() -> std::unique_ptr<SolarSensor> = 0;
   virtual void LoadState(SaveState const& state) = 0;
   virtual void CopyState(SaveState& state) = 0;
+  virtual void SetKeyStatus(Key key, bool pressed) = 0;
   virtual void Run(int cycles) = 0;
 
   virtual auto GetROM() -> ROM& = 0;
diff --git a/src/nba/include/nba/device/input_device.hpp b/src/nba/include/nba/device/input_device.hpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 6dfdd63e6..000000000
--- a/src/nba/include/nba/device/input_device.hpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,62 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2023 fleroviux
- *
- * Licensed under GPLv3 or any later version.
- * Refer to the included LICENSE file.
- */
-
-#pragma once
-
-#include <functional>
-
-namespace nba {
-
-struct InputDevice {
-  virtual ~InputDevice() = default;
-
-  enum class Key {
-    Up,
-    Down,
-    Left,
-    Right,
-    Start,
-    Select,
-    A,
-    B,
-    L,
-    R
-  };
-
-  static constexpr int kKeyCount = 10;
-  
-  virtual auto Poll(Key key) -> bool = 0;
-  virtual void SetOnChangeCallback(std::function<void(void)> callback) = 0;
-};
-
-struct NullInputDevice : InputDevice {
-  auto Poll(Key key) -> bool final {
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  void SetOnChangeCallback(std::function<void(void)> callback) final {}
-};
-
-struct BasicInputDevice : InputDevice {
-  void SetKeyStatus(Key key, bool pressed) {
-    key_status[static_cast<int>(key)] = pressed;
-    keypress_callback();
-  }
-
-  auto Poll(Key key) -> bool final {
-    return key_status[static_cast<int>(key)];
-  }
-
-  void SetOnChangeCallback(std::function<void(void)> callback) final {
-    keypress_callback = callback;
-  }
-private:
-  std::function<void(void)> keypress_callback;
-  bool key_status[kKeyCount];
-};
-
-} // namespace nba
diff --git a/src/nba/include/nba/scheduler.hpp b/src/nba/include/nba/scheduler.hpp
index d09dfa195..092d8bec1 100644
--- a/src/nba/include/nba/scheduler.hpp
+++ b/src/nba/include/nba/scheduler.hpp
@@ -67,8 +67,6 @@ struct Scheduler {
 
     SIO_transfer_done,
 
-    KeyPad_Poll,
-
     EndOfQueue,
     Count
   };
diff --git a/src/nba/src/core.cpp b/src/nba/src/core.cpp
index 1368143a6..8db307ebb 100644
--- a/src/nba/src/core.cpp
+++ b/src/nba/src/core.cpp
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ Core::Core(std::shared_ptr<Config> config)
     , apu(scheduler, dma, bus, config)
     , ppu(scheduler, irq, dma, config)
     , timer(scheduler, irq, apu)
-    , keypad(scheduler, irq, config)
+    , keypad(scheduler, irq)
     , bus(scheduler, {cpu, irq, dma, apu, ppu, timer, keypad}) {
   Reset();
 }
@@ -71,6 +71,10 @@ auto Core::CreateSolarSensor() -> std::unique_ptr<SolarSensor> {
   return std::make_unique<SolarSensor>();
 }
 
+void Core::SetKeyStatus(Key key, bool pressed) {
+  keypad.SetKeyStatus(key, pressed);
+}
+
 void Core::Run(int cycles) {
   using HaltControl = Bus::Hardware::HaltControl;
 
diff --git a/src/nba/src/core.hpp b/src/nba/src/core.hpp
index 27a1f64bf..32630f9f4 100644
--- a/src/nba/src/core.hpp
+++ b/src/nba/src/core.hpp
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ struct Core final : CoreBase {
   auto CreateSolarSensor() -> std::unique_ptr<SolarSensor> override;
   void LoadState(SaveState const& state) override;
   void CopyState(SaveState& state) override;
+  void SetKeyStatus(Key key, bool pressed) override;
   void Run(int cycles) override;
 
   auto GetROM() -> ROM& override;
diff --git a/src/nba/src/hw/keypad/keypad.cpp b/src/nba/src/hw/keypad/keypad.cpp
index 8376c641d..48ffe804e 100644
--- a/src/nba/src/hw/keypad/keypad.cpp
+++ b/src/nba/src/hw/keypad/keypad.cpp
@@ -11,12 +11,9 @@
 
 namespace nba::core {
 
-KeyPad::KeyPad(Scheduler& scheduler, IRQ& irq, std::shared_ptr<Config> config)
+KeyPad::KeyPad(Scheduler& scheduler, IRQ& irq)
     : scheduler(scheduler)
-    , irq(irq)
-    , config(config) {
-  scheduler.Register(Scheduler::EventClass::KeyPad_Poll, this, &KeyPad::Poll);
-
+    , irq(irq) {
   Reset();
 }
 
@@ -25,29 +22,18 @@ void KeyPad::Reset() {
   input.keypad = this;
   control = {};
   control.keypad = this;
-  config->input_dev->SetOnChangeCallback(std::bind(&KeyPad::UpdateInput, this));
-
-  input_queue.Reset();
-  scheduler.Add(k_poll_interval, Scheduler::EventClass::KeyPad_Poll);
 }
 
-void KeyPad::UpdateInput() {
-  auto& input_device = config->input_dev;
+void KeyPad::SetKeyStatus(Key key, bool pressed) {
+  const u16 bit = 1 << (int)key;
 
-  u16 input = 0;
-
-  if(!input_device->Poll(Key::A)) input |= 1;
-  if(!input_device->Poll(Key::B)) input |= 2;
-  if(!input_device->Poll(Key::Select)) input |= 4;
-  if(!input_device->Poll(Key::Start)) input |= 8;
-  if(!input_device->Poll(Key::Right)) input |= 16;
-  if(!input_device->Poll(Key::Left)) input |= 32;
-  if(!input_device->Poll(Key::Up)) input |= 64;
-  if(!input_device->Poll(Key::Down)) input |= 128;
-  if(!input_device->Poll(Key::R)) input |= 256;
-  if(!input_device->Poll(Key::L)) input |= 512;
+  if(pressed) {
+    input.value &= ~bit;
+  } else {
+    input.value |=  bit;
+  }
 
-  input_queue.Enqueue(input);
+  UpdateIRQ();
 }
 
 void KeyPad::UpdateIRQ() {
@@ -64,21 +50,7 @@ void KeyPad::UpdateIRQ() {
   }
 }
 
-void KeyPad::Poll() {
-  PollInternal();
-  scheduler.Add(k_poll_interval, Scheduler::EventClass::KeyPad_Poll);
-}
-
-void KeyPad::PollInternal() {
-  while(input_queue.DataAvailable()) {
-    input.value = input_queue.Dequeue();
-    UpdateIRQ();
-  }
-}
-
 auto KeyPad::KeyInput::ReadByte(uint offset) -> u8 {
-  keypad->PollInternal();
-
   switch(offset) {
     case 0:
       return u8(value);
@@ -133,38 +105,4 @@ void KeyPad::KeyControl::WriteHalf(u16 value) {
   keypad->UpdateIRQ();
 }
 
-void KeyPad::InputQueue::Reset() {
-  rd_ptr = 0;
-  wr_ptr = 0;
-  size = 0;
-}
-
-bool KeyPad::InputQueue::DataAvailable() {
-  return size > 0;
-}
-
-void KeyPad::InputQueue::Enqueue(u16 input) {
-  data[wr_ptr] = input;
-  wr_ptr = (wr_ptr + 1) % k_buffer_size;
-
-  std::size_t current_size = size.load();
-
-  while(!size.compare_exchange_weak(current_size, std::min(current_size + 1u, k_buffer_size))) {
-    current_size = size.load();
-  }
-}
-
-auto KeyPad::InputQueue::Dequeue() -> u16 {
-  const u16 value = data[rd_ptr];
-  rd_ptr = (rd_ptr + 1) % k_buffer_size;
-
-  std::size_t current_size = size.load();
-
-  while(!size.compare_exchange_weak(current_size, current_size - 1)) {
-    current_size = size.load();
-  }
-
-  return value;
-}
-
 } // namespace nba::core
diff --git a/src/nba/src/hw/keypad/keypad.hpp b/src/nba/src/hw/keypad/keypad.hpp
index 19bb7514d..3d2d08130 100644
--- a/src/nba/src/hw/keypad/keypad.hpp
+++ b/src/nba/src/hw/keypad/keypad.hpp
@@ -7,8 +7,7 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
-#include <atomic>
-#include <nba/config.hpp>
+#include <nba/core.hpp>
 #include <nba/save_state.hpp>
 #include <nba/scheduler.hpp>
 #include <memory>
@@ -18,9 +17,10 @@
 namespace nba::core {
 
 struct KeyPad {
-  KeyPad(Scheduler& scheduler, IRQ& irq, std::shared_ptr<Config> config);
+  KeyPad(Scheduler& scheduler, IRQ& irq);
 
   void Reset();
+  void SetKeyStatus(Key key, bool pressed);
 
   struct KeyInput {
     u16 value = 0x3FF;
@@ -50,33 +50,10 @@ struct KeyPad {
   void CopyState(SaveState& state);
 
 private:
-  static constexpr int k_poll_interval = 16384;
-
-  using Key = InputDevice::Key;
-
-  void UpdateInput();
   void UpdateIRQ();
 
-  void Poll();
-  void PollInternal();
-
   Scheduler& scheduler;
   IRQ& irq;
-  std::shared_ptr<Config> config;
-
-  struct InputQueue {
-    static constexpr std::size_t k_buffer_size = 16;
-
-    std::atomic<u16> data[k_buffer_size];
-    std::atomic<std::size_t> size = 0;
-    std::size_t rd_ptr = 0;
-    std::size_t wr_ptr = 0;
-
-    void Reset();
-    bool DataAvailable();
-    void Enqueue(u16 input);
-    auto Dequeue() -> u16;
-  } input_queue{};
 };
 
 } // namespace nba::core
diff --git a/src/platform/core/include/platform/emulator_thread.hpp b/src/platform/core/include/platform/emulator_thread.hpp
index b548250c5..5f9acc65a 100644
--- a/src/platform/core/include/platform/emulator_thread.hpp
+++ b/src/platform/core/include/platform/emulator_thread.hpp
@@ -33,19 +33,34 @@ struct EmulatorThread {
   void Stop();
 
   void Reset();
+  void SetKeyStatus(Key key, bool pressed);
 
 private:
   enum class MessageType : u8 {
-    Reset
+    Reset,
+    SetKeyStatus
   };
 
   struct Message {
     MessageType type;
+    union {
+      struct {
+        Key key;
+        u8bool pressed;
+      } set_key_status;
+    };
   };
 
   void PushMessage(const Message& message);
   void ProcessMessages();
 
+  static constexpr int k_input_subsample_count = 4;
+  static constexpr int k_cycles_per_second = 16777216;
+  static constexpr int k_cycles_per_frame = 280896;
+  static constexpr int k_cycles_per_subsample = k_cycles_per_frame / k_input_subsample_count;
+  
+  static_assert(k_cycles_per_frame % k_input_subsample_count == 0);
+
   std::queue<Message> msg_queue;
   std::mutex msg_queue_mutex;
 
diff --git a/src/platform/core/src/emulator_thread.cpp b/src/platform/core/src/emulator_thread.cpp
index 87de106eb..d09a420a1 100644
--- a/src/platform/core/src/emulator_thread.cpp
+++ b/src/platform/core/src/emulator_thread.cpp
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ namespace nba {
 EmulatorThread::EmulatorThread(
   std::unique_ptr<CoreBase>& core
 )   : core(core) {
-  frame_limiter.Reset(59.7275);
+  frame_limiter.Reset(k_cycles_per_second / (float)k_cycles_per_subsample);
 }
 
 EmulatorThread::~EmulatorThread() {
@@ -59,14 +59,16 @@ void EmulatorThread::Start() {
 
         frame_limiter.Run([this]() {
           if(!paused) {
+            // @todo: decide what to do with the per_frame_cb().
             per_frame_cb();
-            core->RunForOneFrame();
+            core->Run(k_cycles_per_subsample);
           }
         }, [this](float fps) {
+          float real_fps = fps / k_input_subsample_count;
           if(paused) {
-            fps = 0;
+            real_fps = 0;
           }
-          frame_rate_cb(fps);
+          frame_rate_cb(real_fps);
         });
       }
     }};
@@ -84,6 +86,13 @@ void EmulatorThread::Reset() {
   PushMessage({.type = MessageType::Reset});
 }
 
+void EmulatorThread::SetKeyStatus(Key key, bool pressed) {
+  PushMessage({
+    .type = MessageType::SetKeyStatus,
+    .set_key_status = {.key = key, .pressed = (u8bool)pressed}
+  });
+}
+
 void EmulatorThread::PushMessage(const Message& message) {
   std::lock_guard lock_guard{msg_queue_mutex};
   msg_queue.push(message); // @todo: maybe use emplace.
@@ -102,6 +111,10 @@ void EmulatorThread::ProcessMessages() {
         core->Reset();
         break;
       }
+      case MessageType::SetKeyStatus: {
+        core->SetKeyStatus(message.set_key_status.key, message.set_key_status.pressed);
+        break;
+      }
       default: Assert(false, "unhandled message type: {}", (int)message.type);
     }
 
diff --git a/src/platform/qt/rc/config.toml b/src/platform/qt/rc/config.toml
index 89d0bf168..79f5c3206 100644
--- a/src/platform/qt/rc/config.toml
+++ b/src/platform/qt/rc/config.toml
@@ -30,20 +30,20 @@ mp2k_hle_cubic = true
 mp2k_hle_force_reverb = true
 
 [input]
-fast_forward = [32, -1, -1, -1, 0]
 hold_fast_forward = true
+fast_forward = [32, -1, -1, -1, 0]
 controller_guid = ""
 [input.gba]
-b = [83, -1, -1, -1, 0]
-a = [65, -1, -1, -1, 0]
-select = [16777219, -1, -1, -1, 0]
-right = [16777236, -1, -1, -1, 0]
-r = [70, -1, -1, -1, 0]
-l = [68, -1, -1, -1, 0]
-left = [16777234, -1, -1, -1, 0]
-start = [16777220, -1, -1, -1, 0]
-down = [16777237, -1, -1, -1, 0]
-up = [16777235, -1, -1, -1, 0]
+b = [16777237,-1,-1,-1,0]
+a = [16777235,-1,-1,-1,0]
+select = [16777234,-1,-1,-1,0]
+right = [16777220-1,-1,-1,0]
+r = [70,-1,-1,-1,0]
+l = [68,-1,-1,-1,0]
+left = [16777219,-1,-1,-1,0]
+start = [16777236,-1,-1,-1,0]
+down = [83,-1,-1,-1,0]
+up = [65,-1,-1,-1,0]
 
 [window]
 fullscreen = false
diff --git a/src/platform/qt/src/config.hpp b/src/platform/qt/src/config.hpp
index bec62472d..99b8a95a0 100644
--- a/src/platform/qt/src/config.hpp
+++ b/src/platform/qt/src/config.hpp
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
+#include <nba/core.hpp>
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <array>
 #include <filesystem>
@@ -49,15 +50,15 @@ struct QtConfig final : nba::PlatformConfig {
       }
     };
 
-    Map gba[nba::InputDevice::kKeyCount] {
-      {Qt::Key_Up},
-      {Qt::Key_Down},
-      {Qt::Key_Left},
-      {Qt::Key_Right},
-      {Qt::Key_Return},
-      {Qt::Key_Backspace},
+    Map gba[(int)nba::Key::Count] {
       {Qt::Key_A},
       {Qt::Key_S},
+      {Qt::Key_Backspace},
+      {Qt::Key_Return},
+      {Qt::Key_Right},
+      {Qt::Key_Left},
+      {Qt::Key_Up},
+      {Qt::Key_Down},
       {Qt::Key_D},
       {Qt::Key_F}
     };
diff --git a/src/platform/qt/src/widget/controller_manager.cpp b/src/platform/qt/src/widget/controller_manager.cpp
index eb8077b27..6ecd1be0b 100644
--- a/src/platform/qt/src/widget/controller_manager.cpp
+++ b/src/platform/qt/src/widget/controller_manager.cpp
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ void ControllerManager::Open(std::string const& guid) {
 }
 
 void ControllerManager::Close() {
-  using Key = nba::InputDevice::Key;
+  using Key = nba::Key;
 
   // Unset all keys in case any key is currently pressed.
   main_window->SetKeyStatus(1, Key::Up, false);
@@ -211,7 +211,7 @@ void ControllerManager::ProcessEvents() {
 }
 
 void ControllerManager::UpdateKeyState() {
-  using Key = nba::InputDevice::Key;
+  using Key = nba::Key;
 
 #if defined(__APPLE__)
   std::lock_guard guard{lock};
@@ -253,9 +253,9 @@ void ControllerManager::UpdateKeyState() {
     return pressed;
   };
 
-  for(int i = 0; i < nba::InputDevice::kKeyCount; i++) {
+  for(int i = 0; i < (int)nba::Key::Count; i++) {
     main_window->SetKeyStatus(
-      1, static_cast<nba::InputDevice::Key>(i), evaluate(input.gba[i]));
+      1, static_cast<nba::Key>(i), evaluate(input.gba[i]));
   }
 
   bool fast_forward_button = evaluate(input.fast_forward);
diff --git a/src/platform/qt/src/widget/controller_manager.hpp b/src/platform/qt/src/widget/controller_manager.hpp
index 547e1fc12..39f9a8af8 100644
--- a/src/platform/qt/src/widget/controller_manager.hpp
+++ b/src/platform/qt/src/widget/controller_manager.hpp
@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
+#include <nba/core.hpp>
 #include <atomic>
-#include <nba/device/input_device.hpp>
 #include <mutex>
 #include <QTimer>
 #include <QWidget>
diff --git a/src/platform/qt/src/widget/input_window.hpp b/src/platform/qt/src/widget/input_window.hpp
index d69c5866e..2f96a99a9 100644
--- a/src/platform/qt/src/widget/input_window.hpp
+++ b/src/platform/qt/src/widget/input_window.hpp
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 #include <atomic>
 #include <filesystem>
 #include <fstream>
-#include <nba/device/input_device.hpp>
+#include <nba/core.hpp>
 #include <nba/log.hpp>
 #include <toml.hpp>
 #include <QApplication>
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ inline auto GetJoystickGUIDStringFromIndex(int device_index) -> std::string {
 }
 
 struct InputWindow : QDialog {
-  using Key = nba::InputDevice::Key;
+  using Key = nba::Key;
 
   InputWindow(
     QApplication* app,
diff --git a/src/platform/qt/src/widget/main_window.cpp b/src/platform/qt/src/widget/main_window.cpp
index 25e133764..1a25955c5 100644
--- a/src/platform/qt/src/widget/main_window.cpp
+++ b/src/platform/qt/src/widget/main_window.cpp
@@ -55,7 +55,6 @@ MainWindow::MainWindow(
 
   config->video_dev = screen;
   config->audio_dev = std::make_shared<nba::SDL2_AudioDevice>();
-  config->input_dev = input_device;
   core = nba::CreateCore(config);
   emu_thread = std::make_unique<nba::EmulatorThread>(core);
 
@@ -611,9 +610,9 @@ bool MainWindow::eventFilter(QObject* obj, QEvent* event) {
     auto pressed = type == QEvent::KeyPress;
     auto const& input = config->input;
 
-    for(int i = 0; i < nba::InputDevice::kKeyCount; i++) {
+    for(int i = 0; i < (int)nba::Key::Count; i++) {
       if(input.gba[i].keyboard == key) {
-        SetKeyStatus(0, static_cast<nba::InputDevice::Key>(i), pressed);
+        SetKeyStatus(0, static_cast<nba::Key>(i), pressed);
       }
     }
 
@@ -896,11 +895,10 @@ auto MainWindow::GetSavePath(fs::path const& rom_path, fs::path const& extension
   return fs::path{rom_path}.replace_extension(extension);
 }
 
-void MainWindow::SetKeyStatus(int channel, nba::InputDevice::Key key, bool pressed) {
-  key_input[channel][int(key)] = pressed;
+void MainWindow::SetKeyStatus(int channel, nba::Key key, bool pressed) {
+  key_input[channel][(int)key] = pressed;
 
-  input_device->SetKeyStatus(key, 
-    key_input[0][int(key)] || key_input[1][int(key)]);
+  emu_thread->SetKeyStatus(key, key_input[0][(int)key] || key_input[1][(int)key]);
 }
 
 void MainWindow::SetFastForward(int channel, bool pressed) {
diff --git a/src/platform/qt/src/widget/main_window.hpp b/src/platform/qt/src/widget/main_window.hpp
index 1a3c66739..a0e0fdaf7 100644
--- a/src/platform/qt/src/widget/main_window.hpp
+++ b/src/platform/qt/src/widget/main_window.hpp
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ private slots:
   void UpdateMenuBarVisibility();
   void UpdateMainWindowActionList();
 
-  void SetKeyStatus(int channel, nba::InputDevice::Key key, bool pressed);
+  void SetKeyStatus(int channel, nba::Key key, bool pressed);
   void SetFastForward(int channel, bool pressed);
   void UpdateWindowSize();
   void SetFullscreen(bool value);
@@ -130,11 +130,10 @@ private slots:
   auto GetSavePath(fs::path const& rom_path, fs::path const& extension) -> fs::path;
 
   std::shared_ptr<Screen> screen;
-  std::shared_ptr<nba::BasicInputDevice> input_device = std::make_shared<nba::BasicInputDevice>();
   std::shared_ptr<QtConfig> config = std::make_shared<QtConfig>();
   std::unique_ptr<nba::CoreBase> core;
   std::unique_ptr<nba::EmulatorThread> emu_thread;
-  bool key_input[2][nba::InputDevice::kKeyCount] {false};
+  bool key_input[2][(int)nba::Key::Count] {false};
   bool fast_forward[2] {false};
   ControllerManager* controller_manager;