Dragonboard 410c Installation Guide for Linux and Android
This Users Guide provides a general overview for getting started with Linux and Android installations supporting the DragonBoard 410c. There are two primary ways to install software onto the DragonBoard 410c.
First and simplest, an installer image can be downloaded and put on an SD Card. This can then be placed into the board and will automatically boot and install either and Android or Linux Desktop into the board. See the Installing Image using an SD Card Image section to use this method.
Second, fastboot is supported by the board and can be used for installs. This is for advanced users who are most likely modifying/customizing source code and will need to download such updates to the board for test/execution. See Install Android or Ubuntu Using Fastboot to use this method. When installing Ubuntu using Fastboot, note that the default flow is for installing a Developer(console-only) image. There is an option in that section, however, to install an LXDE desktop Ubuntu image instead. When installing Ubuntu using the SD Card method, LXDE desktop install is currently the only option, and there is not a Console-only choice; Fastboot is the only way to attain a Console-only Ubuntu install.
This document also contains additional supporting sections such as Setting Up the UART console and creating and installing a rescue image in the case that the board experiences an irrecoverable error and no longer functions.
Table of Contents
- Install Android or Ubuntu from an SD Card
- Install Android or Ubuntu Using Fastboot
- Understanding Build Folder Layout
- Switching between Android and Linaro Linux releases
- Creating a Kernel Image from Source
- Optional Boot Method
- Replacing the Bootloader
- Create / Install a Rescue Image
- Setting Up the UART console
- Description of LED’s and Connectors
- Using USB
This section provides information about the installation of pre-built Android or Ubuntu SD card images onto the DragonBoard™ 410c. This installation method targets the following user/developer use-cases:
- Just getting familiar with the DragonBoard™ 410c
- A user that wants to extend the Ubuntu or Android installation by adding new packages or applications. This user is using the DragonBoard™ 410c as an end product, like a lightweight desktop, etc.
For a user / developer that plans to be extending the functionality through adding his or her own code and will be downloading many iterative experimental versions of self-compiled OS’s, it is recommended to go directly to the Install Android or Ubuntu Using Fastboot section of this document.
This SD card image includes a flashing program (herein referred to as ”FT” for “Flashing Tool”) that will be executed from the DragonBoard™ 410c (herein referred to interchangeably with “the DB410c”), and doesn't require any specific equipment on the developers Linux-based development system (herein referred to as the “host PC”).
The FT will execute from the DB410c and provide a very simple way to install target software once the SD Card has been created as shown in the next section. It can be configured to install Android or Ubuntu into the target eMMC memory, subsequently allowing the target to directly boot into the OS installed, and no longer requiring the SD Card.
Once the SD card image is written to a microSD card on your host PC, you simply need to insert the microSD card in the microSD Card slot on the DragonBoard ™ 410c, setup the board to boot from SD (instead of eMMC), and boot it by turning on the power. The following three sections walk a developer through this process.
This section builds the SD Card image for the DB410c. The steps in this section are executed entirely from the host PC. It is assumed that the developer is using a Linux development host.
Two SD installation images are released at Linaro, one for each of the following OS’s: Android and Ubuntu.
The steps to create the SD Card Image are as follows:
Step 1: Place a microSD Card into the Host PC
The microSD Card must be a minimum of 4 GB and will be erased, so make sure no valuable files you wish to retain are on the microSD Card.
Step 2: Download desired SD Card Image
Click on the link below to begin download of the latest SD-Card install image:
-
It’s recommended to download the associated MD5SUMs for the build as well and verify this against the downloaded zip image using the md5sum command on the command line. To become familiar with md5sum command usage, type “man md5sum” on the command line of the Linux host PC.
Step 3: Unzip the downloaded install file
Note the directory that the install file was extracted to, as this will be required in the next step. There are multiple tools to unzip and extract these archives. In this workflow, “Archive Manager,” available by default in Ubuntu Desktop, was used.
Step 4: Write the SD image onto an SD card
The SD card does not need to be formatted in any special way since this procedure will write the entire image, including the partition table.
From the command prompt on the host PC, enter the following sequence of commands:
# cd to the directory the install file was extracted to
cd <extraction directory>
sudo dd if=db410c_sd_install_YYY.img of=/dev/XXX bs=4M oflag=sync status=noxfer
syncWhere:
- YYY can be android or ubuntu
- where XXX is the device name
Warning: Executing the sync flag command as outlined above is very important! Do not skip this step!
Warning: Be very careful not to overwrite your hard drive! In most cases, XXX will be mmcblk0 or sdb. This can be found by using the following sequence:
- Make sure the SD Card is not in the host PC
- From the host PC terminal command line, run the following command:
lsblk- Note the listed blocks such as sda, sdb, etc.
- Insert the SD Card into the host PC
- From the host PC terminal command line, run the following command:
lsblk- There will be a new device in the list, this will be your SD Card identity (XXX). It also has a size parameter that should match the size of the SD Card.
Once the image is written on the SD Card per the previous section, perform the following steps to flash the image into the eMMC memory on the DragonBoard™ 410c:
- remove the microSD card from the host PC
- remove the power connector from the DB410c and insert the micro SD card into the DB410c
- set the S6 switch on the DB410c to: 0-1-0-0 {SD Boot switch set to “ON”}
- plug a USB keyboard and/or mouse into either of the two USB connectors on the DB410c Note: If no mouse is used, the keys in the parenthesis on the installer screen can be used to initiate install commands. For example “Install(i)” would be the “i” key on the keyboard. Arrow keys may also be used during the command initiation sequences.
- connect an HDMI monitor to the DB410c with an HDMI cable, and power on the monitor
- connect the power cable to the DB410c
When the board powers up, it will boot into an installer similar to the figure below:
- Select the image to install and then click on “Install” (or type “i”) and the OS will be installed into the eMMC memory on the DB410c.
After installation completes, a “Flashing has completed and OS has installed successfully....” message will appear on the HDMI monitor connected to the DB410c.
- Remove the SD Card and click “OK” as instructed, and the DB410c will reboot into the newly installed OS
Upon completion of the above, the user will now see either an Android or an Ubuntu Desktop, depending upon which one was installed.
Congratulations! You are now booting your newly installed OS directly from eMMC on the DragonBoard™ 410c!
This section provides an alternative method for installing images onto the DB410c. This is for advanced users that plan to be flashing many versions of the OS into the DB410c.
Prerequisites:
- The bootloader on this board supports fastboot. The developer should first make sure that fastboot is installed on the host PC. If you are using Ubuntu/Debian on your host PC use the following command to install fastboot:
sudo apt-get install android-tools-fastboot- The DB410c must have been imaged with fastboot previously. There are two ways to do this:
- by following the procedure outlined in the Create / Install a Rescue Image section of this document
- by following the procedure in the Installing Image using an SD Card Image section of this document
Download the latest Ubunutu bootloader zip located here
Flash the eMMC with the bootloader:
- unzip the bootloader that was downloaded in the previous step. Note the directory that is it located in.
- assure that a micro USB cable is connected from the micro-USB port on the DB410c to the host PC
- assure micro SD Card slot is empty on the DB410c
- set the S6 switch on the DB410c to: 0-0-0-0 {SD Boot set to off}
- power on the DB410c into fastboot mode
- Press and hold the Vol (-) button on the DB410c (S4)
- While pressing S4 button, power up the DB410c. It will come up in fastboot mode
- from the host PC terminal window, run the following commands:
# Check to make sure fastboot device connected. If not resolve
sudo fastboot devices
# cd to the directory the bootloader zip file was extracted
cd <extraction directory>
sudo ./flashallThe bootloader is now installed on the DB410c.
This section assumes the DB410c is still in fastboot mode from the previous section. This procedure also assumes that the developer will be using the latest build.
Flash the Linaro/Ubuntu boot image and root file system by performing the following steps:
-
Initiate the download of the latest Ubuntu boot image zip by clicking here
-
Initiate the download of the latest Ubuntu Root File System(RootFS) zip by clicking here
Their names will be similar to the following:
- ./boot-linaro-vivid-qcom-snapdragon-arm64-BUILD#.img.gz
- ./linaro-vivid-developer-qcom-snapdragon-arm64-BUILD#.img.gz
Where BUILD# is the date/Build stamp for the downloaded file
Note: The procedure above loads the command line ubuntu, denoted by “developer” in the name. If the user wishes to load a graphical X version based on LXDE, click here and use this file in the place of the above RootFS file for the rest of this install. This file's name will be similar to the following:
linaro-vivid-alip-qcom-snapdragon-arm64-BUILD#.img.gz- Flash the boot image and rootfs to the DB410c by executing the following commands from the host PC:
# Check to make sure fastboot device connected. If not resolve
sudo fastboot devices
# cd to the directory the boot image and RootFS were extracted
cd <extraction directory>
gunzip *.img.gz
sudo fastboot flash boot boot-linaro-vivid-qcom-snapdragon-arm64-BUILD#.img
sudo fastboot flash rootfs linaro-vivid-developer-qcom-snapdragon-arm64-BUILD#.imgNote: Replace BUILD# in the above commands with the file-specific date/build stamp.
Now reboot the DB410c using the following sequence and it will boot to the command prompt:
- Unplug the power to the DB410c
- Unplug the micro USB fastboot cable
- Plug the power back into the DB410c
Note: the login and password are both “linaro” when the login prompt is reached.
Download the latest Android bootloader zip located here.
Flash the eMMC with the Android Bootloader:
- unzip the bootloader that was downloaded in the previous step. Note the directory that is it located in.
- assure that a micro USB cable is connected from the micro-USB port on the DB410c to the host PC
- assure micro SD Card slot is empty on the DB410c
- set the S6 switch on the DB410c to: 0-0-0-0 {SD Boot set to off}
- power on the DB410c into fastboot mode
- Press and hold the Vol (-) button on the DB410c (S4)
- While pressing S4 button, power up the DB410c. It will come up in fastboot mode
- from the host PC terminal window, run the following commands:
# Check to make sure fastboot device connected. If not resolve
sudo fastboot devices
# cd to the directory the bootloader zip file was extracted
cd <extraction directory>
sudo ./flashallThe bootloader is now installed on the DB410c.
This section assumes the DB410c is still in fastboot mode from the previous section. This procedure also assumes that the developer will be using the latest build.
Flash the Android boot build by performing the following steps:
-
Download the following files from the latest build folder to a local folder on the host PC by clicking on the six links below:
boot.img.tar.xz
system.img.tar.xz
userdata.img.tar.xz
recovery.img.tar.xz
persist.img.tar.xz
cache.img.tar.xz
Now to unzip and flash the files to the DB410c. From the host PC command line, execute the following:
for f in *.tar.xz; do tar xJf $f; done
sudo fastboot flash boot boot.img
sudo fastboot flash system system.img
sudo fastboot flash userdata userdata.img
sudo fastboot flash recovery recovery.img
sudo fastboot flash persist persist.img
sudo fastboot flash cache cache.imgReboot the DB410c by following the steps below, and it will boot Android:
- Unplug the power from the DB410c
- Unplug the micro USB cable so that that it will boot into USB Host mode
- plug the power back into the DB410c
Note: This make take a bit of time during the initial bringup.
Congratulations! You now have an Android experience running on your desktop!
When downloading and installing images, the procedures in this document provides direct links to the latest builds for each component required in the DB410c. There may be times when a developer wants direct control of a component install, however, and would like to instead install a specific build version. This section explains the folder layout so that a developer can navigate and download specific versions as opposed to the latest. These files would then replace the latest files used in the install procedures in this document. Note that some of the folders contain residual files from builds that are not required to create install images.
The notes below provide this clarification:
Location: http://builds.96boards.org/releases/dragonboard410c/linaro/rescue
Contains Bootloader and Rescue images.
Files of interest:
- dragonboard410c_sdcard_rescue-BUILD#.zip - Rescue image for DB410c
- dragonboard410c_bootloader_emmc_linux-BUILD#.zip - Ubuntu-specific Bootloader
- dragonboard410c_bootloader_emmc_android-BUILD#.zip - Android-specific Bootloader
- MD5SUMS.txt - Contains checksums for all the zip files to verify that downloads were not corrupted
Location: http://builds.96boards.org/releases/dragonboard410c/linaro/ubuntu
Contains the Ubuntu boot images and rootFS for both developer (console-only) and LXDE builds.
Also contains the SC Card auto-install file for Ubuntu.
Files of interest:
- dragonboard410c_sdcard_install_ubuntu-BUILD#.zip - SD Card Auto-Install file of fastboot recovery, Linux Bootloader, Ubuntu Boot Image, and LXDE RootFS
- boot-linaro-vivid-qcom-snapdragon-arm64-BUILD#.img.gz - Ubuntu Boot Image
- linaro-vivid-developer-qcom-snapdragon-arm64-BUILD#.img.gz - Console only Ubuntu RootFS
- linaro-vivid-alip-qcom-snapdragon-arm64-BUILD#.img.gz - LXDE Desktop RootFS
- MD5SUMS.txt - Contains checksums for all the zip files to verify that downloads were not corrupted
Location: http://builds.96boards.org/releases/dragonboard410c/qualcomm/android
Contains Android boot images and RootFS for Android install. Also contains the SC Card auto-install file for Ubuntu. Files of interest:
- The six files required for an Android Install
- boot.img.tar.xz
- system.img.tar.xz
- userdata.img.tar.xz
- recovery.img.tar.xz
- persist.img.tar.xz
- cache.img.tar.xz
- MD5SUMS - Contains checksums for all the zip files to verify that downloads were not corrupted
It is possible to switch back and forth between the Android and the Linaro Linux builds. To do so, simply follow the regular instructions from the Install Android or Ubuntu Using Fastboot section, and make sure to install the appropriate bootloader release package, since the partition table used for both Android and Linux are different.
To create a kernel image from source, follow the instructions found here.
Note that it is not mandatory to flash the boot image in the boot partition. When the platform boots, it will check to see if there is a valid boot image in the boot partition, and then load it and automatically boot if it is valid. If the boot partition is not flashed with a valid image, then the bootloader will boot into fastboot mode. Once the platform is in fastboot mode, the user can boot a local boot image from the host PC with the following command:
# cd to the directory the boot image is located
cd <boot image directory>
fastboot boot boot.imgIf a boot image has been flashed into the boot partition as described herein, the DB410c will automatically boot when it is powered on. If it is required for any reason to reflash another boot image, there are three options:
-
Follow the instructions to install the boot image in either the Ubuntu or the Android sub-section of the Install Android or Ubuntu Using Fastboot section of this document.
-
Using the Vol- button (S4 on the DNB410c) to force the DB410c into fastboot mode
- Power down the DB410c
- Connect a micro USB-USB cable from the micro USB port on the DB410c to a USB port on the host PC
- Press and hold the Vol (-) button on the DB410c (S4)
- While pressing S4 button, simultaneously power up the DB410c. It will come up in fastboot mode
- From the host PC terminal, type the following to verify a fastboot connection has been established:
sudo fastboot devices- On the DB410c, boot and open a terminal. Then from the command line, run the following commands to erase the boot partition:
cat /dev/zero > /dev/disk/by-partlabel/boot
rebootWarning: perform the above command only on the DB410c target and only if a new boot image is known to be required!
Note: If it is desired to rebuild the kernel instead of using prebuilts, please check this wiki with instruction to rebuild your own boot image:
https://github.com/96boards/documentation/wiki/Dragonboard-410c-Boot-Image
This section provides the instructions for creating a “rescue image” that can then be used to install fastboot on the DragonBoard™ 410c. After this section has been completed, the user will be able to follow the procedures in the Install Android or Ubuntu Using Fastboot section to install updated/customized OS’s.
- Download the Latest Rescue Image
- Insert the micro SD card, into the host PC (micro SD Card must be at least 1GB)
- Unzip the rescue image just downloaded into the desired directory
- Execute the following commands from the host PC:
# cd to the directory the rescue image file is located
cd <rescue image directory>
sudo dd if=db410c_sd_rescue.img of=/dev/XXX bs=4M oflag=sync status=noxfer
syncwhere XXX is the device name.
Warning: Executing the sync flag command as outlined above is very important! Do not skip this step!
Warning: Be very careful not to overwrite your hard drive! In most cases, XXX will be mmcblk0 or sdb. This can be found by using the following sequence:
- Make sure the SD Card is not in the host PC
- From the host PC terminal command line, run the following command:
lsblk- Note the listed blocks such as sda, sdb, etc.
- Insert the SD Card into the host PC
- From the host PC terminal command line, run the following command:
lsblk- There will be a new device in the list, this will be your SD Card identity (XXX)
You now have an SD card that contains the rescue image and is ready to plug into the DB410c.
To boot the micro SD card containing the Boot Rescue image, perform the following:
- unplug the DB410c power
- Optional: connect the Serial FTDI cable from target to the host, and open a serial terminal on the host PC. Instructions for this can be found in the section titled "Setting Up the UART console"
- make sure that the micro USB port does NOT have a cable plugged in
- set the S6 switch to: 0-1-0-0 {“SD Boot” set to “ON” with all other switches set to off}
- insert the SD card built in the previous section into the DB410c
- power on the board
This will install the fastboot bootloader into the eMMC, and on the serial console you will see a message similar to the following (if it is optionally connected):
QC_IMAGE_VERSION_STRING=BOOT.BF.3.0-00261
...
Rescue image for DragonBoard 410c, boot into fastboot mode only
...
fastboot: processing commands
The rescue image is now installed and the developer can now use fastboot to install new OS images.
- Remove the SD card from the DB410c, make sure the micro USB cable is still plugged in, and reboot (power cycle). Fastboot will now be running on the DB410c and the creation of the rescue image is complete.
Note: the SD Boot switch can be left “ON” in many cases if desired. This simply defines boot order, and if no SD Card, then boot defaults to the eMMC to boot the newly flashed fastboot.
A UART serial console can be optionally connected from a host PC USB port to UART1, which is available on the DB410c low speed expansion connector (J8). This allows a developer to bring up a terminal emulator on the host PC and communicate with the DB410c using a command line interface. This can be very valuable when performing in depth debugging as well as using fastboot. The following defines the pins used for UART1 on the J8 connector:
- PIN1 is GND
- PIN11 is TX
- PIN13 is RX
A standard USB TTL FTDI cable, such as Part Number: TTL-232RG-VREG1V8-WE, that steps up the 1.8 volts available on the DB410c is required. If one with the part number highlighted is used, the the pinout is as follows:
- BLACK -> PIN1
- YELLOW -> PIN11
- ORANGE -> PIN13
Warning: The FTDI cable above is required to be 1.8 volts (this is denoted VREG1V8 in the part number above). Damage can occur to your hardware if the wrong voltage cable is used.
A picture of the FTDI cable connected to the DragonBoard™ 410c is shown below:
Figure 1: FTDI Cable connected to J8 Header on DragonBoard™ 410c
Warning: Make sure that the extra wires are not touching the board in any way. This can cause a short and damage the hardware. It is recommended to either clip and tape the unused wires on the cable or to solder a small header onto the end of the cable.
Warning: Never install the wires while the DragonBoard™ 410c is plugged into power or has USB cables plugged into it.
Warning: Always wear safety glasses when working with any hardware to avoid personal injury.
Warning: It is recommended that developers use an ESD compliant environment when handling the DragonBoard™ 410c to avoid damaging the electronics on the board.
After the above is completed, the user can perform the following steps to access the DB410c serial console:
- Connect the USB connector of the FTDI cable to the host PC. This assumes that the other end is already connected to the DB410c
- Open a terminal on the host PC
- On the host PC find the full path of the FTDI cable in the /dev/… device tree
- On the host PC use a terminal emulator application to bring up the console. For purposes of example, these instructions use “screen”
sudo screen /dev/<path of the FTDI> 115200Note: The default speed of UART1 is 115200 Baud on the DB410c.
- Once the above has been executed, power on the DB410c and the user will see boot sequence text scroll in the console on the host PC ending with a Linux command prompt once the DB410c is booted.
Throughout this document, references are made to certain board connectors, headers and switches. There are also six activity LEDs on the board. These items are described further in this section
+----------------------+----------------------+--------------------------+
| Board Identifier | Description | Behavior |
+----------------------+----------------------+--------------------------+
| J8 | Low Speed Connector | This connector contains |
| | | low speed peripheral |
| | | signals just as UART and |
| | | GPIO. In context of |
| | | this document, we use it |
| | | for connecting the UART. |
+----------------------+----------------------+--------------------------+
| S6 | 4 channel Dip Switch | Located on the back of |
| | | the board, this Switch |
| | | provides some manual |
| | | configuration settings. |
| | | In context of this |
| | | document, it is used to |
| | | select boot order (SD |
| | | Card first or eMMC |
| | | first) OTG modes. |
| | | |
+----------------------+----------------------+--------------------------+
Located by the USB ports are a series of LEDs used to provide information to the user. Their usage is defined as follows:
When Ubuntu-based images are installed, the following table defines the LED usage/behaviors.
+----------------------+----------------------+--------------------------+
| LED Board Identifier | Description | Behavior |
+----------------------+----------------------+--------------------------+
| User LED 1 | Heartbeat | Green: This LED is |
| | | should always be |
| | | blinking about once a |
| | | second. If solid off or |
| | | solid on, the board is |
| | | not executing correctly |
+----------------------+----------------------+--------------------------+
| User LED 2 | eMMC | Green: This LED blinks |
| | | during accesses to eMMC |
+----------------------+----------------------+--------------------------+
| User LED 3 | SD | Green: This LED blinks |
| | | during accesses to SD |
| | | Card |
+----------------------+----------------------+--------------------------+
| User LED 4 | currently unassigned | N/A |
+----------------------+----------------------+--------------------------+
| Wifi | Wifi | Yellow: This LED blinks |
| | | during network accesses |
| | | over Wifi |
+----------------------+----------------------+--------------------------+
| BT | Bluetooth | Yellow: This LED blinks |
| | | when Bluetooth is being |
| | | used |
+----------------------+----------------------+--------------------------+
When Android-based images are installed, the following table defines the LED usage/behaviors.
+----------------------+----------------------+--------------------------+
| LED Board Identifier | Description | Behavior |
+----------------------+----------------------+--------------------------+
| User LED 1 | currently unassigned | Green: |
+----------------------+----------------------+--------------------------+
| User LED 2 | currently unassigned | Green: |
| | | |
+----------------------+----------------------+--------------------------+
| User LED 3 | currently unassigned | Green: |
| | | |
| | | |
+----------------------+----------------------+--------------------------+
| User LED 4 | Boot | This LED illuminates at |
| | | at the start of boot |
| | | and turns of after |
| | | completion of boot. |
+----------------------+----------------------+--------------------------+
| Wifi | Wifi | Yellow: TDB |
+----------------------+----------------------+--------------------------+
| BT | Bluetooth | Yellow: TBD |
+----------------------+----------------------+--------------------------+
On this board, both USB Host and USB On-The-Go (OTG) are available, however they cannot be used simultaneously. OTG is used by the bootloader for fastboot. USB Host is also supported.
To use USB OTG:
- plug a micro USB cable in J4 connector and the other end of the cable plugged into the host PC. Note that if either end of this cable is disconnected, USB OTG mode will not be entered. Nothing else is required as the software auto-detects the USB connection and places the DB410c into OTG mode
- Note the when in this mode, devices such as keyboard and mouse may not work on the DB410c
To use USB Host:
- unplug the micro USB cable from J4. The software will auto-detect no connection on J4 and will enter USB Host mode.
- plug one (or more) USB devices into J2 or J3 such as a keyboard, mouse, etc.
Note that several keyboards, mice, USB Memory sticks, ethernet adaptors and other peripherals have been tested. However, there is still as chance that your device might not work properly. If this occurs, please submit a bug to the 96Boards bug tracking system located here.
If you use an ethernet dongle, once you configure the USB in HOST mode, and insert the dongle, the physical ethernet connection should automatically be established (generally as eth0, assuming that an active physical connection exists on the ethernet cable):
ip link show