diff --git a/benchmark/fixtures/simple-error-stack.js b/benchmark/fixtures/simple-error-stack.js
index 0057807795b072..74aae191800778 100644
--- a/benchmark/fixtures/simple-error-stack.js
+++ b/benchmark/fixtures/simple-error-stack.js
@@ -1,15 +1,16 @@
 'use strict';
-exports.__esModule = true;
-exports.simpleErrorStack = void 0;
+Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
+exports.simpleErrorStack = simpleErrorStack;
 // Compile with `tsc --inlineSourceMap benchmark/fixtures/simple-error-stack.ts`.
 var lorem = 'Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.';
 function simpleErrorStack() {
-    try {
-        lorem.BANG();
-    }
-    catch (e) {
-        return e.stack;
-    }
+    [1].map(function () {
+        try {
+            lorem.BANG();
+        }
+        catch (e) {
+            return e.stack;
+        }
+    });
 }
-exports.simpleErrorStack = simpleErrorStack;
-//# sourceMappingURL=data:application/json;base64,eyJ2ZXJzaW9uIjozLCJmaWxlIjoic2ltcGxlLWVycm9yLXN0YWNrLmpzIiwic291cmNlUm9vdCI6IiIsInNvdXJjZXMiOlsic2ltcGxlLWVycm9yLXN0YWNrLnRzIl0sIm5hbWVzIjpbXSwibWFwcGluZ3MiOiJBQUFBLFlBQVksQ0FBQzs7O0FBRWIsaUZBQWlGO0FBRWpGLElBQU0sS0FBSyxHQUFHLCtiQUErYixDQUFDO0FBRTljLFNBQVMsZ0JBQWdCO0lBQ3ZCLElBQUk7UUFDRCxLQUFhLENBQUMsSUFBSSxFQUFFLENBQUM7S0FDdkI7SUFBQyxPQUFPLENBQUMsRUFBRTtRQUNWLE9BQU8sQ0FBQyxDQUFDLEtBQUssQ0FBQztLQUNoQjtBQUNILENBQUM7QUFHQyw0Q0FBZ0IifQ==
+//# sourceMappingURL=data:application/json;base64,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
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/benchmark/fixtures/simple-error-stack.ts b/benchmark/fixtures/simple-error-stack.ts
index 58034e92f24b98..1335df3478b99b 100644
--- a/benchmark/fixtures/simple-error-stack.ts
+++ b/benchmark/fixtures/simple-error-stack.ts
@@ -5,11 +5,13 @@
 const lorem = 'Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.';
 
 function simpleErrorStack() {
-  try {
-    (lorem as any).BANG();
-  } catch (e) {
-    return e.stack;
-  }
+  [1].map(() => {
+    try {
+      (lorem as any).BANG();
+    } catch (e) {
+      return e.stack;
+    }
+  })
 }
 
 export {
diff --git a/lib/internal/source_map/prepare_stack_trace.js b/lib/internal/source_map/prepare_stack_trace.js
index 60c9d1ed3316ff..3e4b0825e7b3a5 100644
--- a/lib/internal/source_map/prepare_stack_trace.js
+++ b/lib/internal/source_map/prepare_stack_trace.js
@@ -53,9 +53,15 @@ function prepareStackTraceWithSourceMaps(error, trace) {
       const sm = fileName === lastFileName ?
         lastSourceMap :
         findSourceMap(fileName);
-      lastSourceMap = sm;
-      lastFileName = fileName;
+      // Only when a source map is found, cache it for the next iteration.
+      // This is a performance optimization to avoid interleaving with JS builtin function
+      // invalidating the cache.
+      // - at myFunc (file:///path/to/file.js:1:2)
+      // - at Array.map (<anonymous>)
+      // - at myFunc (file:///path/to/file.js:3:4)
       if (sm) {
+        lastSourceMap = sm;
+        lastFileName = fileName;
         return `${kStackLineAt}${serializeJSStackFrame(sm, callSite, trace[i + 1])}`;
       }
     } catch (err) {
diff --git a/lib/internal/source_map/source_map_cache.js b/lib/internal/source_map/source_map_cache.js
index dfb42f83f6f1b1..aaca27136e66a0 100644
--- a/lib/internal/source_map/source_map_cache.js
+++ b/lib/internal/source_map/source_map_cache.js
@@ -155,6 +155,9 @@ function maybeCacheSourceMap(filename, content, moduleInstance, isGeneratedSourc
   }
 
   const data = dataFromUrl(filename, sourceMapURL);
+  // `data` could be null if the source map is invalid.
+  // In this case, create a cache entry with null data with source url for test coverage.
+
   const entry = {
     __proto__: null,
     lineLengths: lineLengths(content),
@@ -277,6 +280,8 @@ function sourceMapFromDataUrl(sourceURL, url) {
       const parsedData = JSONParse(decodedData);
       return sourcesToAbsolute(sourceURL, parsedData);
     } catch (err) {
+      // TODO(legendecas): warn about invalid source map JSON string.
+      // But it could be verbose.
       debug(err);
       return null;
     }
@@ -331,24 +336,43 @@ function sourceMapCacheToObject() {
 
 /**
  * Find a source map for a given actual source URL or path.
+ *
+ * This function may be invoked from user code or test runner, this must not throw
+ * any exceptions.
  * @param {string} sourceURL - actual source URL or path
  * @returns {import('internal/source_map/source_map').SourceMap | undefined} a source map or undefined if not found
  */
 function findSourceMap(sourceURL) {
-  if (RegExpPrototypeExec(kLeadingProtocol, sourceURL) === null) {
-    sourceURL = pathToFileURL(sourceURL).href;
+  if (typeof sourceURL !== 'string') {
+    return undefined;
   }
-  SourceMap ??= require('internal/source_map/source_map').SourceMap;
-  const entry = getModuleSourceMapCache().get(sourceURL) ?? generatedSourceMapCache.get(sourceURL);
-  if (entry === undefined) {
+
+  // No source maps for builtin modules.
+  if (sourceURL.startsWith('node:')) {
     return undefined;
   }
-  let sourceMap = entry.sourceMap;
-  if (sourceMap === undefined) {
-    sourceMap = new SourceMap(entry.data, { lineLengths: entry.lineLengths });
-    entry.sourceMap = sourceMap;
+
+  SourceMap ??= require('internal/source_map/source_map').SourceMap;
+  try {
+    if (RegExpPrototypeExec(kLeadingProtocol, sourceURL) === null) {
+      // If the sourceURL is an invalid path, this will throw an error.
+      sourceURL = pathToFileURL(sourceURL).href;
+    }
+    const entry = getModuleSourceMapCache().get(sourceURL) ?? generatedSourceMapCache.get(sourceURL);
+    if (entry?.data == null) {
+      return undefined;
+    }
+
+    let sourceMap = entry.sourceMap;
+    if (sourceMap === undefined) {
+      sourceMap = new SourceMap(entry.data, { lineLengths: entry.lineLengths });
+      entry.sourceMap = sourceMap;
+    }
+    return sourceMap;
+  } catch (err) {
+    debug(err);
+    return undefined;
   }
-  return sourceMap;
 }
 
 module.exports = {
diff --git a/test/parallel/test-runner-source-maps-invalid-json.js b/test/parallel/test-runner-source-maps-invalid-json.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..508e2d432117f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/parallel/test-runner-source-maps-invalid-json.js
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+// Flags: --enable-source-maps
+'use strict';
+
+require('../common');
+const test = require('node:test');
+
+// Verify that test runner can handle invalid source maps.
+
+test('ok', () => {});
+
+// eslint-disable-next-line @stylistic/js/spaced-comment
+//# sourceMappingURL=data:application/json;base64,-1