ESCI451_Module_2B.ipynb

{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Introduction to Python for Earth Scientists\n",
    "\n",
    "These notebooks have been developed by Calum Chamberlain, Finnigan Illsley-Kemp and John Townend at [Victoria University of Wellington-Te Herenga Waka](https://www.wgtn.ac.nz) for use by Earth Science graduate students. \n",
    "\n",
    "The notebooks cover material that we think will be of particular benefit to those students with little or no previous experience of computer-based data analysis. We presume very little background in command-line or code-based computing, and have compiled this material with an emphasis on general tasks that a grad student might encounter on a daily basis. \n",
    "\n",
    "In 2021, this material will be delivered at the start of Trimester 1 in conjunction with [ESCI451 Active Earth](https://www.wgtn.ac.nz/courses/esci/451/2021/offering?crn=32176). Space and pandemic alert levels permitting, interested students not enrolled in ESCI451 are encouraged to come along too but please contact Calum, Finn, or John first.\n",
    "\n",
    "| Notebook | Contents | Data |\n",
    "| --- | --- | --- |\n",
    "| [1A](ESCI451_Module_1A.ipynb) | Introduction to programming, Python, and Jupyter notebooks | - |\n",
    "| [1B](ESCI451_Module_1B.ipynb) | Basic data types and variables, getting data, and plotting with Matplotlib | Geodetic positions |\n",
    "| [2A](ESCI451_Module_2A.ipynb) | More complex plotting, introduction to Numpy | Geodetic positions; DFDP-2B temperatures |\n",
    "| **[2B](ESCI451_Module_2B.ipynb)** | **Using Pandas to load, peruse and plot data** | **Earthquake catalogue**  |\n",
    "| [3A](ESCI451_Module_3A.ipynb) | Working with Pandas dataframes | Geochemical data set; earthquake catalogue |\n",
    "| [3B](ESCI451_Module_3B.ipynb) | Simple time series analysis using Pandas | Historical temperature records |\n",
    "| [4A](ESCI451_Module_4A.ipynb) | Making maps with Cartopy | Earthquake catalogue |\n",
    "| [4B](ESCI451_Module_4B.ipynb) | Working with gridded data | DEMs and Ashfall data |\n",
    "\n",
    "The content may change in response to students' questions or current events. Each of the four modules has been designed to take about three hours, with a short break between each of the two parts.\n",
    "\n",
    "Remember to run the first cell of code (below) to set up plotting."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "%matplotlib widget"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# This notebook\n",
    "\n",
    "1. An introduction to Pandas and dataframes\n",
    "   - Loading data into a dataframe\n",
    "   - Visualising the datafame\n",
    "   - Dataframe statistics\n",
    "   - Sorting and slicing a dataframe\n",
    "\n",
    "# An introduction to Pandas and dataframes\n",
    " \n",
    "<img alt=\"Pandas logo\" align=\"right\" style=\"width:30%\" src=\"https://dev.pandas.io/static/img/pandas.svg\">\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "So far we have looked at some fairly simple datasets.  NumPy is great for multi-dimensional arrays, but\n",
    "book-keeping can be tricky and somewhat counterintuitive.  Pandas is our friend here.  Pandas adds meta-data to our data, and allows\n",
    "us to interact with data using names and words, rather than indexes. This can mean that we can\n",
    "write much clearer code (yay).  It's also really good at working with data that you would have previously\n",
    "interacted with in spreadsheets.  Spreadsheets are the source of **many** errors, and keeping data and\n",
    "results in the same file is almost criminal! Your data are sacred and should **never be in the same\n",
    "file that you process them in!**.\n",
    "\n",
    "Pandas [github README](https://github.com/pandas-dev/pandas/blob/master/README.md) outlines why you should\n",
    "care about Pandas:\n",
    "\n",
    "> **pandas** is a Python package providing fast, flexible, and expressive data structures designed to \n",
    "make working with \"relational\" or \"labeled\" data both easy and intuitive. It aims to be the \n",
    "fundamental high-level building block for doing practical, **real world** data analysis in Python.\n",
    "Additionally, it has the broader goal of becoming the **most powerful and flexible open source \n",
    "data analysis / manipulation tool available in any language**. It is already well on its way towards \n",
    "this goal.\n",
    "\n",
    "When Pandas says **real world** think messy data. Measurements of properties of the Earth are *almost always*\n",
    "messy: data are missed when power fails or equipment breaks or when it is too wet to get into the field,\n",
    "almost all Earth science datasets are noisy, and almost all Earth science data are multi-dimensional and\n",
    "relational (e.g. multiple variables at one particular place and/or time).  Pandas is really good at coping\n",
    "with this mess, and **will make your life easier!**"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#%matplotlib widget"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Loading data into a dataframe\n",
    "\n",
    "To explore some of the functionality of Pandas, we need a dataset. One large and freely accesible\n",
    "geoscience dataset in New Zealand is the GeoNet eatrhquake catalogue. This contains hundreds of thousands\n",
    "of earthquakes, so should be fun to play around with.\n",
    "\n",
    "To start off with, we need to get the data.  We could manually query the \n",
    "[Quake Search](https://quakesearch.geonet.org.nz/) web-app, but that means we need to\n",
    "click lots of buttons, and isn't great for just exploring a dataset.  Lets do it\n",
    "programatically.  We will build a function, but let's look at the steps along the way.\n",
    "\n",
    "### Building a query\n",
    "\n",
    "The Quake Search page can be queried by generating a specific web request in the form:\n",
    "\n",
    "`\"https://quakesearch.geonet.org.nz/csv?bbox={min-longitude},{min-latitude},{max-longitude},{max-latitude}&minmag={min-magnitude}&maxmag={max-magnitude}&mindepth={min-depth}&maxdepth={max-depth}&startdate={start-time}&enddate={end-time}\"`\n",
    "\n",
    "We can build that as a string really easily using variables in place of the curly-brackets things:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "https://quakesearch.geonet.org.nz/csv?bbox=164.0,-49.0,182.0,-40.0&minmag=0.0&maxmag=9.0&mindepth=0.0&maxdepth=500.0&startdate=2019-1-1T00:00:00&enddate=2020-1-1T00:00:00\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "format_string = (\n",
    "    \"https://quakesearch.geonet.org.nz/csv?bbox=\"\n",
    "    \"{min_longitude},{min_latitude},{max_longitude},\"\n",
    "    \"{max_latitude}&minmag={min_magnitude}\"\n",
    "    \"&maxmag={max_magnitude}&mindepth={min_depth}\"\n",
    "    \"&maxdepth={max_depth}&startdate={start_time}\"\n",
    "    \"&enddate={end_time}\")\n",
    "\n",
    "min_latitude = -49.0\n",
    "max_latitude = -40.0\n",
    "min_longitude = 164.0\n",
    "max_longitude = 182.0\n",
    "min_magnitude = 0.0\n",
    "max_magnitude = 9.0\n",
    "min_depth = 0.0 # in km\n",
    "max_depth = 500.0\n",
    "start_time = \"2019-1-1T00:00:00\"\n",
    "end_time = \"2020-1-1T00:00:00\"\n",
    "\n",
    "query_string = format_string.format(\n",
    "    min_latitude=min_latitude,\n",
    "    max_latitude=max_latitude,\n",
    "    min_longitude=min_longitude,\n",
    "    max_longitude=max_longitude,\n",
    "    min_magnitude=min_magnitude,\n",
    "    max_magnitude=max_magnitude,\n",
    "    min_depth=min_depth,\n",
    "    max_depth=max_depth,\n",
    "    start_time=start_time,\n",
    "    end_time=end_time)\n",
    "\n",
    "print(query_string)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "See what we did? We specified the format of the query string, then specified the particular search criteria we were interested int, and then put those two elements together to construct the query string. Because we have used variables in place\n",
    "of parts of the string, we can change our query really eaisly.  \n",
    "\n",
    "If you click that link we just constructed you should download a file called *earthquakes.csv*. What we really want though is to download that file and look at it in Python straight away.  To do that\n",
    "we can use the `requests` package to make a web-request:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "<Response [200]>\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "import requests\n",
    "\n",
    "response = requests.get(query_string)\n",
    "print(response)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "All being well, that should have output `<Response [200]>`. The value of 200 is simply a return code saying that things went as planned.\n",
    "\n",
    "The `Response` object contains the content that we requested from the web as a `.contents` attribute.  Lets have a look at the first 1000 elements of the response:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "b'publicid,eventtype,origintime,modificationtime,longitude, latitude, magnitude, depth,magnitudetype,depthtype,evaluationmethod,evaluationstatus,evaluationmode,earthmodel,usedphasecount,usedstationcount,magnitudestationcount,minimumdistance,azimuthalgap,originerror,magnitudeuncertainty\\n2019p986237,earthquake,2019-12-31T21:47:06.740Z,2019-12-31T21:49:52.658Z,174.1030579,-41.51368713,1.887827327,24.54598236,M,,LOCSAT,confirmed,manual,iasp91,29,16,5,0.1469085962,91.27532959,0.5454116871,0\\n2019p986148,earthquake,2019-12-31T21:00:11.122Z,2019-12-31T21:04:12.241Z,173.2087708,-41.58277893,1.539235603,5.996267319,M,,LOCSAT,confirmed,manual,iasp91,15,10,5,0.2897528708,67.96588135,0.4020879339,0\\n2019p986043,earthquake,2019-12-31T20:03:47.465Z,2019-12-31T20:06:20.365Z,176.4427795,-40.39003754,1.668549025,12.87530804,M,,LOCSAT,confirmed,manual,iasp91,26,17,7,0.0738600567,110.4887924,0.5038800067,0\\n2019p985959,earthquake,2019-12-31T19:19:04.555Z,2019-12-31T19:21:40.157Z,176.4387512,-40.38579559,2.371'\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(response.content[0:1000])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "This is the contents of the `earthquakes.csv` file and we can write it to a file in the data directory.  The\n",
    "contents that we have downloaded are in binary (which `print` converted a string before\n",
    "displaying it), so we have to open the file we want to write to using the `wb` argument, which means\n",
    "\"open the file in binary mode with write permission\":"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "with open(\"data/earthquakes.csv\", \"wb\") as f:\n",
    "    f.write(response.content)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Now we could read those data in using some convoluted looping and NumPy arrays, or we could\n",
    "just get Pandas to read it using the \n",
    "[pandas.read_csv](https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/reference/api/pandas.read_csv.html)\n",
    "function.  This will quickly parse that large csv file into a Pandas \n",
    "[dataframe](https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/reference/frame.html):"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "metadata": {
    "scrolled": true
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "      publicid   eventtype                origintime  \\\n",
      "0  2019p986237  earthquake  2019-12-31T21:47:06.740Z   \n",
      "1  2019p986148  earthquake  2019-12-31T21:00:11.122Z   \n",
      "2  2019p986043  earthquake  2019-12-31T20:03:47.465Z   \n",
      "3  2019p985959  earthquake  2019-12-31T19:19:04.555Z   \n",
      "4  2019p985713  earthquake  2019-12-31T17:08:01.114Z   \n",
      "\n",
      "           modificationtime   longitude   latitude   magnitude      depth  \\\n",
      "0  2019-12-31T21:49:52.658Z  174.103058 -41.513687    1.887827  24.545982   \n",
      "1  2019-12-31T21:04:12.241Z  173.208771 -41.582779    1.539236   5.996267   \n",
      "2  2019-12-31T20:06:20.365Z  176.442780 -40.390038    1.668549  12.875308   \n",
      "3  2019-12-31T19:21:40.157Z  176.438751 -40.385796    2.371542  10.608765   \n",
      "4  2019-12-31T17:22:49.180Z  171.080139 -43.063313    1.901220   5.000000   \n",
      "\n",
      "  magnitudetype          depthtype  ... evaluationstatus evaluationmode  \\\n",
      "0             M                NaN  ...        confirmed         manual   \n",
      "1             M                NaN  ...        confirmed         manual   \n",
      "2             M                NaN  ...        confirmed         manual   \n",
      "3             M                NaN  ...        confirmed         manual   \n",
      "4             M  operator assigned  ...        confirmed         manual   \n",
      "\n",
      "  earthmodel usedphasecount  usedstationcount  magnitudestationcount  \\\n",
      "0     iasp91             29                16                      5   \n",
      "1     iasp91             15                10                      5   \n",
      "2     iasp91             26                17                      7   \n",
      "3     iasp91             24                15                      6   \n",
      "4     iasp91             27                19                      7   \n",
      "\n",
      "   minimumdistance  azimuthalgap  originerror  magnitudeuncertainty  \n",
      "0         0.146909     91.275330     0.545412                   0.0  \n",
      "1         0.289753     67.965881     0.402088                   0.0  \n",
      "2         0.073860    110.488792     0.503880                   0.0  \n",
      "3         0.078895    101.663696     0.710030                   0.0  \n",
      "4         0.176311    105.367616     0.545000                   0.0  \n",
      "\n",
      "[5 rows x 21 columns]\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "import pandas as pd  # It is a normal convention to rename pandas as pd for short\n",
    "\n",
    "earthquakes = pd.read_csv(\"data/earthquakes.csv\")\n",
    "\n",
    "print(earthquakes[0:5])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Dataframes are really handy ways of handling \"spreadshseet\"-type data, because they provide a convenient way of labelling the columns. Here we have printed out the first five rows (starting from zero, remember) of the `earthquakes` dataframe we have create. This shows the catalogue information for five earthquakes, arranged in columns labelled `publicid`, `eventtype`, `origintime`, etc. You can see a full list of the column names with the following command:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "Index(['publicid', 'eventtype', 'origintime', 'modificationtime', 'longitude',\n",
       "       ' latitude', ' magnitude', ' depth', 'magnitudetype', 'depthtype',\n",
       "       'evaluationmethod', 'evaluationstatus', 'evaluationmode', 'earthmodel',\n",
       "       'usedphasecount', 'usedstationcount', 'magnitudestationcount',\n",
       "       'minimumdistance', 'azimuthalgap', 'originerror',\n",
       "       'magnitudeuncertainty'],\n",
       "      dtype='object')"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 8,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "earthquakes.columns"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "We can access the contents of those columns pretty easily too:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "0    2019-12-31T21:47:06.740Z\n",
      "1    2019-12-31T21:00:11.122Z\n",
      "2    2019-12-31T20:03:47.465Z\n",
      "3    2019-12-31T19:19:04.555Z\n",
      "4    2019-12-31T17:08:01.114Z\n",
      "5    2019-12-31T16:05:50.502Z\n",
      "6    2019-12-31T15:47:20.933Z\n",
      "7    2019-12-31T14:44:43.788Z\n",
      "8    2019-12-31T14:43:39.777Z\n",
      "9    2019-12-31T12:37:31.133Z\n",
      "Name: origintime, dtype: object\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(earthquakes[\"origintime\"][0:10])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "See how in this case we've specified both a column (`origintime`) and a number of rows (the first ten).\n",
    "\n",
    "Each column is a Pandas [Series](https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/reference/api/pandas.Series.html#pandas.Series) which is similar to a numpy array\n",
    "and has a lot of the same functionality."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "You will note that the time columns (`origintime` and `modificationtime`) have not been\n",
    "read in (\"parsed\") in the most helpful way: we can see what the strings represent but can't yet treat them as dates or times directly. To get around this, we can tell pandas to read those columns in as `datetime` objects\n",
    "using the `parse_dates` argument.  While we're at it, we can also get rid of the warning about values in column\n",
    "0 having multiple dtypes by setting the `dtype` argument for the `publicid` column."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "0   2019-12-31 21:47:06.740000+00:00\n",
      "1   2019-12-31 21:00:11.122000+00:00\n",
      "2   2019-12-31 20:03:47.465000+00:00\n",
      "3   2019-12-31 19:19:04.555000+00:00\n",
      "4   2019-12-31 17:08:01.114000+00:00\n",
      "5   2019-12-31 16:05:50.502000+00:00\n",
      "6   2019-12-31 15:47:20.933000+00:00\n",
      "7   2019-12-31 14:44:43.788000+00:00\n",
      "8   2019-12-31 14:43:39.777000+00:00\n",
      "9   2019-12-31 12:37:31.133000+00:00\n",
      "Name: origintime, dtype: datetime64[ns, UTC]\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "earthquakes = pd.read_csv(\n",
    "    \"data/earthquakes.csv\", \n",
    "    parse_dates=[\"origintime\", \"modificationtime\"],\n",
    "    dtype={\"publicid\": str})\n",
    "\n",
    "print(earthquakes[\"origintime\"][0:10])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Now the `dtype` of the `origintime` column is reported as `datetime64`, which is a 64-bit precision\n",
    "`datetime` number. We'll leave more detailed discussion of dates and times until the next module and for the time being we'll explore the dataframe itself in a bit more detail. \n",
    "\n",
    "Before we do that, however, let's quickly address one other minor formatting issue. You might notice that some of the column names have a leading space\n",
    "in them.  GeoNet doesn't format it's tables particularly nicely, and those leading spaces\n",
    "are annoying. Let's rename the ` latitude`, ` magnitude` and ` depth` columns without\n",
    "those superfluous spaces."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 11,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "earthquakes = earthquakes.rename(\n",
    "    columns={\" magnitude\": \"magnitude\",\n",
    "             \" latitude\": \"latitude\",\n",
    "             \" depth\": \"depth\"})"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Data visualisation\n",
    "\n",
    "Now we have a nicely named dataframe, lets have a look at some of the data.\n",
    "First lets look at magnitude against time. We could use matplotlib directly, but pandas\n",
    "has some handy plotting shortcuts built in:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 12,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "application/vnd.jupyter.widget-view+json": {
       "model_id": "72394f5ea74d4256b1e6139301bc916c",
       "version_major": 2,
       "version_minor": 0
      },
      "text/plain": [
       "FigureCanvasNbAgg()"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "import matplotlib.pyplot as plt\n",
    "earthquakes.plot(x=\"origintime\", y=\"magnitude\", kind=\"scatter\")\n",
    "plt.show()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Here we specified the `x` argument as the column name we wanted to plot on the x-axis, and\n",
    "`y` as the other column name.  Pandas has a few different plotting options that can\n",
    "be specified by the `kind` argument, you can find out more about them \n",
    "[here](https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/user_guide/visualization.html).\n",
    "\n",
    "You can clearly see the large magnitude Kaikoura earthquake standing out from everything else.\n",
    "\n",
    "Another helpful plot might be a histogram. The syntax for that is pretty straightforward too and here are two examples:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 13,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "application/vnd.jupyter.widget-view+json": {
       "model_id": "fcbf241cccc24aee8be07eb9656cd38c",
       "version_major": 2,
       "version_minor": 0
      },
      "text/plain": [
       "FigureCanvasNbAgg()"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "earthquakes.hist(column='depth',bins=25)\n",
    "plt.show()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 14,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "application/vnd.jupyter.widget-view+json": {
       "model_id": "66d9ed2c7336461c99fd059b76bc939f",
       "version_major": 2,
       "version_minor": 0
      },
      "text/plain": [
       "FigureCanvasNbAgg()"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "earthquakes.hist(column=['depth','magnitude'])\n",
    "plt.show()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Exercise:\n",
    "\n",
    "Pick a specific region based on latitude and longitude ([this website](http://bboxfinder.com/) is\n",
    "really helpful for finding bounding boxes) and get a dataframe spanning a longer period of\n",
    "time.  Plot the magnitude vs. time graph for that region."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 15,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Your answer here.  Call your dataframe something different to `earthquakes`"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Dataframe statistics\n",
    "\n",
    "We can also obtain some basic stats from our dataframe, like the median magnitude..."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 16,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "2.023237548\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(earthquakes[\"magnitude\"].median())"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "... or the maximum depth:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 17,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "278.75\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(earthquakes['depth'].max())"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "There are lots of other useful ways you can extract descriptive statistics from your dataframe, which are documented [here](https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/reference/series.html#computations-descriptive-stats).\n",
    "\n",
    "### Exercise:\n",
    "\n",
    "What is the mean, maximum and minimum magnitude in our dataframe?"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 18,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Your answer here"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Sorting the dateframe\n",
    "\n",
    "Something we often need to do is to sort a dataset based on the value of one parameter)."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 19,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>publicid</th>\n",
       "      <th>eventtype</th>\n",
       "      <th>origintime</th>\n",
       "      <th>modificationtime</th>\n",
       "      <th>longitude</th>\n",
       "      <th>latitude</th>\n",
       "      <th>magnitude</th>\n",
       "      <th>depth</th>\n",
       "      <th>magnitudetype</th>\n",
       "      <th>depthtype</th>\n",
       "      <th>...</th>\n",
       "      <th>evaluationstatus</th>\n",
       "      <th>evaluationmode</th>\n",
       "      <th>earthmodel</th>\n",
       "      <th>usedphasecount</th>\n",
       "      <th>usedstationcount</th>\n",
       "      <th>magnitudestationcount</th>\n",
       "      <th>minimumdistance</th>\n",
       "      <th>azimuthalgap</th>\n",
       "      <th>originerror</th>\n",
       "      <th>magnitudeuncertainty</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5623</th>\n",
       "      <td>2019p284688</td>\n",
       "      <td>earthquake</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-04-16 08:01:55.378000+00:00</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-04-16 08:11:01.345000+00:00</td>\n",
       "      <td>176.621139</td>\n",
       "      <td>-40.000336</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.497677</td>\n",
       "      <td>35.388756</td>\n",
       "      <td>M</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>confirmed</td>\n",
       "      <td>manual</td>\n",
       "      <td>iasp91</td>\n",
       "      <td>18</td>\n",
       "      <td>11</td>\n",
       "      <td>7</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.152641</td>\n",
       "      <td>78.319641</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.309052</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>7730</th>\n",
       "      <td>2019p036721</td>\n",
       "      <td>earthquake</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-01-14 14:05:42.206000+00:00</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-01-14 14:09:52.242000+00:00</td>\n",
       "      <td>176.415314</td>\n",
       "      <td>-40.000515</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.225029</td>\n",
       "      <td>29.730085</td>\n",
       "      <td>M</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>confirmed</td>\n",
       "      <td>manual</td>\n",
       "      <td>iasp91</td>\n",
       "      <td>17</td>\n",
       "      <td>9</td>\n",
       "      <td>7</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.066559</td>\n",
       "      <td>83.778803</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.403685</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>496</th>\n",
       "      <td>2019p916427</td>\n",
       "      <td>earthquake</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-12-06 01:52:46.211000+00:00</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-12-06 01:56:23.717000+00:00</td>\n",
       "      <td>174.984024</td>\n",
       "      <td>-40.000664</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.044292</td>\n",
       "      <td>22.070503</td>\n",
       "      <td>M</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>confirmed</td>\n",
       "      <td>manual</td>\n",
       "      <td>iasp91</td>\n",
       "      <td>19</td>\n",
       "      <td>13</td>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.245721</td>\n",
       "      <td>135.217753</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.527270</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1295</th>\n",
       "      <td>2019p802680</td>\n",
       "      <td>earthquake</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-10-24 23:47:57.670000+00:00</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-11-18 02:55:35.199000+00:00</td>\n",
       "      <td>174.560211</td>\n",
       "      <td>-40.000896</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.436356</td>\n",
       "      <td>20.674732</td>\n",
       "      <td>M</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>confirmed</td>\n",
       "      <td>manual</td>\n",
       "      <td>iasp91</td>\n",
       "      <td>33</td>\n",
       "      <td>22</td>\n",
       "      <td>17</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.409408</td>\n",
       "      <td>76.510666</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.537357</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4821</th>\n",
       "      <td>2019p367590</td>\n",
       "      <td>earthquake</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-05-17 00:12:26.541000+00:00</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-05-17 00:19:37.865000+00:00</td>\n",
       "      <td>176.556595</td>\n",
       "      <td>-40.001907</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.163246</td>\n",
       "      <td>29.865091</td>\n",
       "      <td>M</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>confirmed</td>\n",
       "      <td>manual</td>\n",
       "      <td>iasp91</td>\n",
       "      <td>27</td>\n",
       "      <td>17</td>\n",
       "      <td>12</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.108698</td>\n",
       "      <td>70.106209</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.547902</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>...</th>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3437</th>\n",
       "      <td>2019p533779</td>\n",
       "      <td>earthquake</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-07-17 11:57:11.369000+00:00</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-08-12 02:27:26.615000+00:00</td>\n",
       "      <td>164.880844</td>\n",
       "      <td>-48.649693</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.785922</td>\n",
       "      <td>33.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>M</td>\n",
       "      <td>operator assigned</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>confirmed</td>\n",
       "      <td>manual</td>\n",
       "      <td>iasp91</td>\n",
       "      <td>28</td>\n",
       "      <td>17</td>\n",
       "      <td>8</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.769040</td>\n",
       "      <td>331.510658</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.258380</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3436</th>\n",
       "      <td>2019p533795</td>\n",
       "      <td>earthquake</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-07-17 12:05:36.701000+00:00</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-08-12 02:34:44.937000+00:00</td>\n",
       "      <td>165.042999</td>\n",
       "      <td>-48.653122</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.680016</td>\n",
       "      <td>33.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>M</td>\n",
       "      <td>operator assigned</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>confirmed</td>\n",
       "      <td>manual</td>\n",
       "      <td>iasp91</td>\n",
       "      <td>25</td>\n",
       "      <td>14</td>\n",
       "      <td>7</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.696741</td>\n",
       "      <td>329.271395</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.710719</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3438</th>\n",
       "      <td>2019p533764</td>\n",
       "      <td>earthquake</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-07-17 11:49:45.290000+00:00</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-08-12 02:21:18.312000+00:00</td>\n",
       "      <td>164.927567</td>\n",
       "      <td>-48.673595</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.528463</td>\n",
       "      <td>33.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>M</td>\n",
       "      <td>operator assigned</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>confirmed</td>\n",
       "      <td>manual</td>\n",
       "      <td>iasp91</td>\n",
       "      <td>23</td>\n",
       "      <td>15</td>\n",
       "      <td>9</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.767939</td>\n",
       "      <td>331.347172</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.007652</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3166</th>\n",
       "      <td>2019p564967</td>\n",
       "      <td>earthquake</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-07-29 00:54:19.833000+00:00</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-08-19 23:43:21.615000+00:00</td>\n",
       "      <td>164.858627</td>\n",
       "      <td>-48.690235</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.560219</td>\n",
       "      <td>33.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>M</td>\n",
       "      <td>operator assigned</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>confirmed</td>\n",
       "      <td>manual</td>\n",
       "      <td>iasp91</td>\n",
       "      <td>20</td>\n",
       "      <td>11</td>\n",
       "      <td>7</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.811897</td>\n",
       "      <td>331.824367</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.216119</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2041</th>\n",
       "      <td>2019p693230</td>\n",
       "      <td>earthquake</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-09-14 11:53:12.325000+00:00</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-10-10 21:47:29.172000+00:00</td>\n",
       "      <td>165.471680</td>\n",
       "      <td>-48.874233</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.594616</td>\n",
       "      <td>33.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>M</td>\n",
       "      <td>operator assigned</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>confirmed</td>\n",
       "      <td>manual</td>\n",
       "      <td>iasp91</td>\n",
       "      <td>12</td>\n",
       "      <td>7</td>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.655061</td>\n",
       "      <td>331.204990</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.106596</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "<p>8014 rows × 21 columns</p>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "         publicid   eventtype                       origintime  \\\n",
       "5623  2019p284688  earthquake 2019-04-16 08:01:55.378000+00:00   \n",
       "7730  2019p036721  earthquake 2019-01-14 14:05:42.206000+00:00   \n",
       "496   2019p916427  earthquake 2019-12-06 01:52:46.211000+00:00   \n",
       "1295  2019p802680  earthquake 2019-10-24 23:47:57.670000+00:00   \n",
       "4821  2019p367590  earthquake 2019-05-17 00:12:26.541000+00:00   \n",
       "...           ...         ...                              ...   \n",
       "3437  2019p533779  earthquake 2019-07-17 11:57:11.369000+00:00   \n",
       "3436  2019p533795  earthquake 2019-07-17 12:05:36.701000+00:00   \n",
       "3438  2019p533764  earthquake 2019-07-17 11:49:45.290000+00:00   \n",
       "3166  2019p564967  earthquake 2019-07-29 00:54:19.833000+00:00   \n",
       "2041  2019p693230  earthquake 2019-09-14 11:53:12.325000+00:00   \n",
       "\n",
       "                     modificationtime   longitude   latitude  magnitude  \\\n",
       "5623 2019-04-16 08:11:01.345000+00:00  176.621139 -40.000336   1.497677   \n",
       "7730 2019-01-14 14:09:52.242000+00:00  176.415314 -40.000515   2.225029   \n",
       "496  2019-12-06 01:56:23.717000+00:00  174.984024 -40.000664   2.044292   \n",
       "1295 2019-11-18 02:55:35.199000+00:00  174.560211 -40.000896   3.436356   \n",
       "4821 2019-05-17 00:19:37.865000+00:00  176.556595 -40.001907   2.163246   \n",
       "...                               ...         ...        ...        ...   \n",
       "3437 2019-08-12 02:27:26.615000+00:00  164.880844 -48.649693   4.785922   \n",
       "3436 2019-08-12 02:34:44.937000+00:00  165.042999 -48.653122   4.680016   \n",
       "3438 2019-08-12 02:21:18.312000+00:00  164.927567 -48.673595   4.528463   \n",
       "3166 2019-08-19 23:43:21.615000+00:00  164.858627 -48.690235   4.560219   \n",
       "2041 2019-10-10 21:47:29.172000+00:00  165.471680 -48.874233   3.594616   \n",
       "\n",
       "          depth magnitudetype          depthtype  ... evaluationstatus  \\\n",
       "5623  35.388756             M                NaN  ...        confirmed   \n",
       "7730  29.730085             M                NaN  ...        confirmed   \n",
       "496   22.070503             M                NaN  ...        confirmed   \n",
       "1295  20.674732             M                NaN  ...        confirmed   \n",
       "4821  29.865091             M                NaN  ...        confirmed   \n",
       "...         ...           ...                ...  ...              ...   \n",
       "3437  33.000000             M  operator assigned  ...        confirmed   \n",
       "3436  33.000000             M  operator assigned  ...        confirmed   \n",
       "3438  33.000000             M  operator assigned  ...        confirmed   \n",
       "3166  33.000000             M  operator assigned  ...        confirmed   \n",
       "2041  33.000000             M  operator assigned  ...        confirmed   \n",
       "\n",
       "     evaluationmode earthmodel usedphasecount  usedstationcount  \\\n",
       "5623         manual     iasp91             18                11   \n",
       "7730         manual     iasp91             17                 9   \n",
       "496          manual     iasp91             19                13   \n",
       "1295         manual     iasp91             33                22   \n",
       "4821         manual     iasp91             27                17   \n",
       "...             ...        ...            ...               ...   \n",
       "3437         manual     iasp91             28                17   \n",
       "3436         manual     iasp91             25                14   \n",
       "3438         manual     iasp91             23                15   \n",
       "3166         manual     iasp91             20                11   \n",
       "2041         manual     iasp91             12                 7   \n",
       "\n",
       "      magnitudestationcount  minimumdistance  azimuthalgap  originerror  \\\n",
       "5623                      7         0.152641     78.319641     0.309052   \n",
       "7730                      7         0.066559     83.778803     0.403685   \n",
       "496                       6         0.245721    135.217753     0.527270   \n",
       "1295                     17         0.409408     76.510666     0.537357   \n",
       "4821                     12         0.108698     70.106209     0.547902   \n",
       "...                     ...              ...           ...          ...   \n",
       "3437                      8         2.769040    331.510658     1.258380   \n",
       "3436                      7         2.696741    329.271395     0.710719   \n",
       "3438                      9         2.767939    331.347172     1.007652   \n",
       "3166                      7         2.811897    331.824367     1.216119   \n",
       "2041                      5         2.655061    331.204990     1.106596   \n",
       "\n",
       "      magnitudeuncertainty  \n",
       "5623                   0.0  \n",
       "7730                   0.0  \n",
       "496                    0.0  \n",
       "1295                   0.0  \n",
       "4821                   0.0  \n",
       "...                    ...  \n",
       "3437                   0.0  \n",
       "3436                   0.0  \n",
       "3438                   0.0  \n",
       "3166                   0.0  \n",
       "2041                   0.0  \n",
       "\n",
       "[8014 rows x 21 columns]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 19,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "earthquakes.sort_values(by=[\"latitude\"], ascending=False)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Exercise:\n",
    "\n",
    "Sort the dataframe by depth."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 20,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Your answer here."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Slicing dataframe\n",
    "\n",
    "We can also select subsets of our dataframe; this is commonly referred to as \"slicing\".  Say you had downloaded the whole catalogue\n",
    "and realised that you only wanted events shallower than 20 km depth. The `.loc` command is used to slice the dataframe to only those rows meeting the specific criteria:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 21,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
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       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>publicid</th>\n",
       "      <th>eventtype</th>\n",
       "      <th>origintime</th>\n",
       "      <th>modificationtime</th>\n",
       "      <th>longitude</th>\n",
       "      <th>latitude</th>\n",
       "      <th>magnitude</th>\n",
       "      <th>depth</th>\n",
       "      <th>magnitudetype</th>\n",
       "      <th>depthtype</th>\n",
       "      <th>...</th>\n",
       "      <th>evaluationstatus</th>\n",
       "      <th>evaluationmode</th>\n",
       "      <th>earthmodel</th>\n",
       "      <th>usedphasecount</th>\n",
       "      <th>usedstationcount</th>\n",
       "      <th>magnitudestationcount</th>\n",
       "      <th>minimumdistance</th>\n",
       "      <th>azimuthalgap</th>\n",
       "      <th>originerror</th>\n",
       "      <th>magnitudeuncertainty</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>2019p986148</td>\n",
       "      <td>earthquake</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-12-31 21:00:11.122000+00:00</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-12-31 21:04:12.241000+00:00</td>\n",
       "      <td>173.208771</td>\n",
       "      <td>-41.582779</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.539236</td>\n",
       "      <td>5.996267</td>\n",
       "      <td>M</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>confirmed</td>\n",
       "      <td>manual</td>\n",
       "      <td>iasp91</td>\n",
       "      <td>15</td>\n",
       "      <td>10</td>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.289753</td>\n",
       "      <td>67.965881</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.402088</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>2019p986043</td>\n",
       "      <td>earthquake</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-12-31 20:03:47.465000+00:00</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-12-31 20:06:20.365000+00:00</td>\n",
       "      <td>176.442780</td>\n",
       "      <td>-40.390038</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.668549</td>\n",
       "      <td>12.875308</td>\n",
       "      <td>M</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>confirmed</td>\n",
       "      <td>manual</td>\n",
       "      <td>iasp91</td>\n",
       "      <td>26</td>\n",
       "      <td>17</td>\n",
       "      <td>7</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.073860</td>\n",
       "      <td>110.488792</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.503880</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>2019p985959</td>\n",
       "      <td>earthquake</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-12-31 19:19:04.555000+00:00</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-12-31 19:21:40.157000+00:00</td>\n",
       "      <td>176.438751</td>\n",
       "      <td>-40.385796</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.371542</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.608765</td>\n",
       "      <td>M</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>confirmed</td>\n",
       "      <td>manual</td>\n",
       "      <td>iasp91</td>\n",
       "      <td>24</td>\n",
       "      <td>15</td>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.078895</td>\n",
       "      <td>101.663696</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.710030</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>2019p985713</td>\n",
       "      <td>earthquake</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-12-31 17:08:01.114000+00:00</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-12-31 17:22:49.180000+00:00</td>\n",
       "      <td>171.080139</td>\n",
       "      <td>-43.063313</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.901220</td>\n",
       "      <td>5.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>M</td>\n",
       "      <td>operator assigned</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>confirmed</td>\n",
       "      <td>manual</td>\n",
       "      <td>iasp91</td>\n",
       "      <td>27</td>\n",
       "      <td>19</td>\n",
       "      <td>7</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.176311</td>\n",
       "      <td>105.367616</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.545000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>10</th>\n",
       "      <td>2019p985141</td>\n",
       "      <td>earthquake</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-12-31 12:03:17.293000+00:00</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-12-31 12:05:17.430000+00:00</td>\n",
       "      <td>173.130280</td>\n",
       "      <td>-41.642826</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.522212</td>\n",
       "      <td>6.780022</td>\n",
       "      <td>M</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>confirmed</td>\n",
       "      <td>manual</td>\n",
       "      <td>iasp91</td>\n",
       "      <td>16</td>\n",
       "      <td>9</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.206633</td>\n",
       "      <td>75.948624</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.531287</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
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       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>...</th>\n",
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       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
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       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>8008</th>\n",
       "      <td>2019p000831</td>\n",
       "      <td>earthquake</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-01-01 07:22:47.364000+00:00</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-01-01 07:27:48.201000+00:00</td>\n",
       "      <td>174.301102</td>\n",
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       "      <td>1.510359</td>\n",
       "      <td>8.321485</td>\n",
       "      <td>M</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>confirmed</td>\n",
       "      <td>manual</td>\n",
       "      <td>iasp91</td>\n",
       "      <td>17</td>\n",
       "      <td>11</td>\n",
       "      <td>4</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.078951</td>\n",
       "      <td>145.128883</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.438754</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>8009</th>\n",
       "      <td>2019p000709</td>\n",
       "      <td>earthquake</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-01-01 06:17:50.873000+00:00</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-01-01 06:21:56.469000+00:00</td>\n",
       "      <td>175.814957</td>\n",
       "      <td>-40.644245</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.076655</td>\n",
       "      <td>18.544775</td>\n",
       "      <td>M</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>confirmed</td>\n",
       "      <td>manual</td>\n",
       "      <td>iasp91</td>\n",
       "      <td>33</td>\n",
       "      <td>21</td>\n",
       "      <td>14</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.080920</td>\n",
       "      <td>62.637390</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.393396</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>8010</th>\n",
       "      <td>2019p000705</td>\n",
       "      <td>earthquake</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-01-01 06:15:49.993000+00:00</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-01-01 06:21:11.213000+00:00</td>\n",
       "      <td>175.820587</td>\n",
       "      <td>-40.654484</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.649849</td>\n",
       "      <td>17.980202</td>\n",
       "      <td>M</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>confirmed</td>\n",
       "      <td>manual</td>\n",
       "      <td>iasp91</td>\n",
       "      <td>25</td>\n",
       "      <td>14</td>\n",
       "      <td>7</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.130714</td>\n",
       "      <td>83.259979</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.308267</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>8012</th>\n",
       "      <td>2019p000022</td>\n",
       "      <td>earthquake</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-01-01 00:12:03.613000+00:00</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-01-01 00:19:50.836000+00:00</td>\n",
       "      <td>174.819870</td>\n",
       "      <td>-40.149544</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.817840</td>\n",
       "      <td>12.490782</td>\n",
       "      <td>M</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>confirmed</td>\n",
       "      <td>manual</td>\n",
       "      <td>iasp91</td>\n",
       "      <td>19</td>\n",
       "      <td>13</td>\n",
       "      <td>8</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.383539</td>\n",
       "      <td>75.590942</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.463470</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>8013</th>\n",
       "      <td>2019p000017</td>\n",
       "      <td>earthquake</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-01-01 00:09:17.321000+00:00</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-01-01 00:13:53.641000+00:00</td>\n",
       "      <td>170.825424</td>\n",
       "      <td>-43.263493</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.832769</td>\n",
       "      <td>5.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>M</td>\n",
       "      <td>operator assigned</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>confirmed</td>\n",
       "      <td>manual</td>\n",
       "      <td>iasp91</td>\n",
       "      <td>12</td>\n",
       "      <td>8</td>\n",
       "      <td>4</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.199879</td>\n",
       "      <td>79.404572</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.434492</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "<p>4581 rows × 21 columns</p>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "         publicid   eventtype                       origintime  \\\n",
       "1     2019p986148  earthquake 2019-12-31 21:00:11.122000+00:00   \n",
       "2     2019p986043  earthquake 2019-12-31 20:03:47.465000+00:00   \n",
       "3     2019p985959  earthquake 2019-12-31 19:19:04.555000+00:00   \n",
       "4     2019p985713  earthquake 2019-12-31 17:08:01.114000+00:00   \n",
       "10    2019p985141  earthquake 2019-12-31 12:03:17.293000+00:00   \n",
       "...           ...         ...                              ...   \n",
       "8008  2019p000831  earthquake 2019-01-01 07:22:47.364000+00:00   \n",
       "8009  2019p000709  earthquake 2019-01-01 06:17:50.873000+00:00   \n",
       "8010  2019p000705  earthquake 2019-01-01 06:15:49.993000+00:00   \n",
       "8012  2019p000022  earthquake 2019-01-01 00:12:03.613000+00:00   \n",
       "8013  2019p000017  earthquake 2019-01-01 00:09:17.321000+00:00   \n",
       "\n",
       "                     modificationtime   longitude   latitude  magnitude  \\\n",
       "1    2019-12-31 21:04:12.241000+00:00  173.208771 -41.582779   1.539236   \n",
       "2    2019-12-31 20:06:20.365000+00:00  176.442780 -40.390038   1.668549   \n",
       "3    2019-12-31 19:21:40.157000+00:00  176.438751 -40.385796   2.371542   \n",
       "4    2019-12-31 17:22:49.180000+00:00  171.080139 -43.063313   1.901220   \n",
       "10   2019-12-31 12:05:17.430000+00:00  173.130280 -41.642826   1.522212   \n",
       "...                               ...         ...        ...        ...   \n",
       "8008 2019-01-01 07:27:48.201000+00:00  174.301102 -41.704655   1.510359   \n",
       "8009 2019-01-01 06:21:56.469000+00:00  175.814957 -40.644245   2.076655   \n",
       "8010 2019-01-01 06:21:11.213000+00:00  175.820587 -40.654484   1.649849   \n",
       "8012 2019-01-01 00:19:50.836000+00:00  174.819870 -40.149544   1.817840   \n",
       "8013 2019-01-01 00:13:53.641000+00:00  170.825424 -43.263493   1.832769   \n",
       "\n",
       "          depth magnitudetype          depthtype  ... evaluationstatus  \\\n",
       "1      5.996267             M                NaN  ...        confirmed   \n",
       "2     12.875308             M                NaN  ...        confirmed   \n",
       "3     10.608765             M                NaN  ...        confirmed   \n",
       "4      5.000000             M  operator assigned  ...        confirmed   \n",
       "10     6.780022             M                NaN  ...        confirmed   \n",
       "...         ...           ...                ...  ...              ...   \n",
       "8008   8.321485             M                NaN  ...        confirmed   \n",
       "8009  18.544775             M                NaN  ...        confirmed   \n",
       "8010  17.980202             M                NaN  ...        confirmed   \n",
       "8012  12.490782             M                NaN  ...        confirmed   \n",
       "8013   5.000000             M  operator assigned  ...        confirmed   \n",
       "\n",
       "     evaluationmode earthmodel usedphasecount  usedstationcount  \\\n",
       "1            manual     iasp91             15                10   \n",
       "2            manual     iasp91             26                17   \n",
       "3            manual     iasp91             24                15   \n",
       "4            manual     iasp91             27                19   \n",
       "10           manual     iasp91             16                 9   \n",
       "...             ...        ...            ...               ...   \n",
       "8008         manual     iasp91             17                11   \n",
       "8009         manual     iasp91             33                21   \n",
       "8010         manual     iasp91             25                14   \n",
       "8012         manual     iasp91             19                13   \n",
       "8013         manual     iasp91             12                 8   \n",
       "\n",
       "      magnitudestationcount  minimumdistance  azimuthalgap  originerror  \\\n",
       "1                         5         0.289753     67.965881     0.402088   \n",
       "2                         7         0.073860    110.488792     0.503880   \n",
       "3                         6         0.078895    101.663696     0.710030   \n",
       "4                         7         0.176311    105.367616     0.545000   \n",
       "10                        3         0.206633     75.948624     0.531287   \n",
       "...                     ...              ...           ...          ...   \n",
       "8008                      4         0.078951    145.128883     0.438754   \n",
       "8009                     14         0.080920     62.637390     0.393396   \n",
       "8010                      7         0.130714     83.259979     0.308267   \n",
       "8012                      8         0.383539     75.590942     0.463470   \n",
       "8013                      4         0.199879     79.404572     0.434492   \n",
       "\n",
       "      magnitudeuncertainty  \n",
       "1                      0.0  \n",
       "2                      0.0  \n",
       "3                      0.0  \n",
       "4                      0.0  \n",
       "10                     0.0  \n",
       "...                    ...  \n",
       "8008                   0.0  \n",
       "8009                   0.0  \n",
       "8010                   0.0  \n",
       "8012                   0.0  \n",
       "8013                   0.0  \n",
       "\n",
       "[4581 rows x 21 columns]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 21,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "earthquakes.loc[earthquakes[\"depth\"] <= 20.0]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "We can chain multiple conditions together using the \"&\" operator. Here's what we can do if we only want the earthquakes shallower than 20 km and \n",
    "larger than magnitude 4:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 22,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
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       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>publicid</th>\n",
       "      <th>eventtype</th>\n",
       "      <th>origintime</th>\n",
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       "      <th>454</th>\n",
       "      <td>2019p922847</td>\n",
       "      <td>earthquake</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-12-08 10:52:53.590000+00:00</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-12-18 20:18:35.151000+00:00</td>\n",
       "      <td>174.362320</td>\n",
       "      <td>-41.637001</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.155399</td>\n",
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       "      <td>18</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.157785</td>\n",
       "      <td>107.449318</td>\n",
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       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>586</th>\n",
       "      <td>2019p901682</td>\n",
       "      <td>earthquake</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-11-30 14:56:11.982000+00:00</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-12-12 01:56:15.029000+00:00</td>\n",
       "      <td>171.550659</td>\n",
       "      <td>-43.604828</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.266923</td>\n",
       "      <td>6.307243</td>\n",
       "      <td>M</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>confirmed</td>\n",
       "      <td>manual</td>\n",
       "      <td>iasp91</td>\n",
       "      <td>49</td>\n",
       "      <td>28</td>\n",
       "      <td>13</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.074215</td>\n",
       "      <td>58.584290</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.351966</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1001</th>\n",
       "      <td>2019p841215</td>\n",
       "      <td>earthquake</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-11-08 05:59:31.198000+00:00</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-11-27 01:48:32.066000+00:00</td>\n",
       "      <td>174.740768</td>\n",
       "      <td>-40.637718</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.137776</td>\n",
       "      <td>16.594856</td>\n",
       "      <td>M</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>confirmed</td>\n",
       "      <td>manual</td>\n",
       "      <td>iasp91</td>\n",
       "      <td>43</td>\n",
       "      <td>36</td>\n",
       "      <td>23</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.257249</td>\n",
       "      <td>76.274231</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.411031</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1213</th>\n",
       "      <td>2019p815147</td>\n",
       "      <td>earthquake</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-10-29 14:30:52.109000+00:00</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-11-21 03:31:46.439000+00:00</td>\n",
       "      <td>166.106644</td>\n",
       "      <td>-46.172123</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.213079</td>\n",
       "      <td>12.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>M</td>\n",
       "      <td>operator assigned</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>confirmed</td>\n",
       "      <td>manual</td>\n",
       "      <td>iasp91</td>\n",
       "      <td>36</td>\n",
       "      <td>24</td>\n",
       "      <td>13</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.398978</td>\n",
       "      <td>282.456741</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.157989</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1232</th>\n",
       "      <td>2019p812026</td>\n",
       "      <td>earthquake</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-10-28 10:47:21.145000+00:00</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-10-28 10:52:22.015000+00:00</td>\n",
       "      <td>165.881882</td>\n",
       "      <td>-47.358582</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.267483</td>\n",
       "      <td>5.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>M</td>\n",
       "      <td>operator assigned</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>confirmed</td>\n",
       "      <td>manual</td>\n",
       "      <td>iasp91</td>\n",
       "      <td>18</td>\n",
       "      <td>15</td>\n",
       "      <td>8</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.313119</td>\n",
       "      <td>314.044306</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.557779</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1313</th>\n",
       "      <td>2019p801015</td>\n",
       "      <td>earthquake</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-10-24 09:00:57.859000+00:00</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-10-24 09:07:13.688000+00:00</td>\n",
       "      <td>167.481949</td>\n",
       "      <td>-44.682388</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.030422</td>\n",
       "      <td>5.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>M</td>\n",
       "      <td>operator assigned</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>confirmed</td>\n",
       "      <td>manual</td>\n",
       "      <td>iasp91</td>\n",
       "      <td>25</td>\n",
       "      <td>20</td>\n",
       "      <td>14</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.317207</td>\n",
       "      <td>216.832088</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.574062</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1314</th>\n",
       "      <td>2019p801001</td>\n",
       "      <td>earthquake</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-10-24 08:53:37.454000+00:00</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-10-24 09:14:46.070000+00:00</td>\n",
       "      <td>167.439163</td>\n",
       "      <td>-44.674133</td>\n",
       "      <td>5.627288</td>\n",
       "      <td>5.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>M</td>\n",
       "      <td>operator assigned</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>confirmed</td>\n",
       "      <td>manual</td>\n",
       "      <td>iasp91</td>\n",
       "      <td>42</td>\n",
       "      <td>26</td>\n",
       "      <td>53</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.347628</td>\n",
       "      <td>205.323032</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.717823</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1483</th>\n",
       "      <td>2019p776240</td>\n",
       "      <td>earthquake</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-10-15 05:01:18.845000+00:00</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-11-11 01:56:46.591000+00:00</td>\n",
       "      <td>170.870407</td>\n",
       "      <td>-43.251732</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.429325</td>\n",
       "      <td>5.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>M</td>\n",
       "      <td>operator assigned</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>confirmed</td>\n",
       "      <td>manual</td>\n",
       "      <td>iasp91</td>\n",
       "      <td>69</td>\n",
       "      <td>64</td>\n",
       "      <td>30</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.202484</td>\n",
       "      <td>39.554077</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.419474</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1739</th>\n",
       "      <td>2019p737513</td>\n",
       "      <td>earthquake</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-09-30 21:07:27.074000+00:00</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-09-30 21:16:43.799000+00:00</td>\n",
       "      <td>167.775848</td>\n",
       "      <td>-44.545311</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.740233</td>\n",
       "      <td>5.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>M</td>\n",
       "      <td>operator assigned</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>confirmed</td>\n",
       "      <td>manual</td>\n",
       "      <td>iasp91</td>\n",
       "      <td>22</td>\n",
       "      <td>19</td>\n",
       "      <td>48</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.167176</td>\n",
       "      <td>204.152317</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.390014</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2011</th>\n",
       "      <td>2019p697855</td>\n",
       "      <td>earthquake</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-09-16 04:57:30.485000+00:00</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-09-16 05:09:50.534000+00:00</td>\n",
       "      <td>174.633270</td>\n",
       "      <td>-40.557869</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.065340</td>\n",
       "      <td>5.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>M</td>\n",
       "      <td>operator assigned</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>confirmed</td>\n",
       "      <td>manual</td>\n",
       "      <td>iasp91</td>\n",
       "      <td>89</td>\n",
       "      <td>80</td>\n",
       "      <td>94</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.368502</td>\n",
       "      <td>73.001434</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.496164</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2449</th>\n",
       "      <td>2019p645981</td>\n",
       "      <td>earthquake</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-08-28 00:19:06.488000+00:00</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-09-17 01:16:34.864000+00:00</td>\n",
       "      <td>165.790802</td>\n",
       "      <td>-48.189106</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.094877</td>\n",
       "      <td>12.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>M</td>\n",
       "      <td>operator assigned</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>confirmed</td>\n",
       "      <td>manual</td>\n",
       "      <td>iasp91</td>\n",
       "      <td>25</td>\n",
       "      <td>13</td>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.015957</td>\n",
       "      <td>320.294065</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.460705</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2574</th>\n",
       "      <td>2019p630200</td>\n",
       "      <td>earthquake</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-08-22 04:10:49.158000+00:00</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-08-22 04:18:45.633000+00:00</td>\n",
       "      <td>174.419601</td>\n",
       "      <td>-41.580067</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.605804</td>\n",
       "      <td>12.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>M</td>\n",
       "      <td>operator assigned</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>confirmed</td>\n",
       "      <td>manual</td>\n",
       "      <td>iasp91</td>\n",
       "      <td>44</td>\n",
       "      <td>32</td>\n",
       "      <td>61</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.228627</td>\n",
       "      <td>126.756531</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.306307</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2868</th>\n",
       "      <td>2019p603895</td>\n",
       "      <td>earthquake</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-08-12 10:35:27.752000+00:00</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-09-05 00:08:09.986000+00:00</td>\n",
       "      <td>167.858551</td>\n",
       "      <td>-44.515186</td>\n",
       "      <td>5.512261</td>\n",
       "      <td>12.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mw(mB)</td>\n",
       "      <td>operator assigned</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>confirmed</td>\n",
       "      <td>manual</td>\n",
       "      <td>iasp91</td>\n",
       "      <td>38</td>\n",
       "      <td>32</td>\n",
       "      <td>69</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.165389</td>\n",
       "      <td>200.846287</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.743953</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.4</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3692</th>\n",
       "      <td>2019p498257</td>\n",
       "      <td>earthquake</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-07-04 08:31:47.387000+00:00</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-07-31 02:29:00.593000+00:00</td>\n",
       "      <td>168.690628</td>\n",
       "      <td>-44.075947</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.009423</td>\n",
       "      <td>5.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>M</td>\n",
       "      <td>operator assigned</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>confirmed</td>\n",
       "      <td>manual</td>\n",
       "      <td>iasp91</td>\n",
       "      <td>18</td>\n",
       "      <td>11</td>\n",
       "      <td>7</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.068418</td>\n",
       "      <td>122.346527</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.414839</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3824</th>\n",
       "      <td>2019p480523</td>\n",
       "      <td>earthquake</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-06-27 19:03:00.085000+00:00</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-06-27 19:10:09.034000+00:00</td>\n",
       "      <td>174.132400</td>\n",
       "      <td>-41.708046</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.244940</td>\n",
       "      <td>11.662800</td>\n",
       "      <td>M</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>confirmed</td>\n",
       "      <td>manual</td>\n",
       "      <td>iasp91</td>\n",
       "      <td>31</td>\n",
       "      <td>22</td>\n",
       "      <td>57</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.055069</td>\n",
       "      <td>53.920296</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.517048</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4304</th>\n",
       "      <td>2019p430039</td>\n",
       "      <td>earthquake</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-06-09 02:45:10.482000+00:00</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-06-09 02:48:52.599000+00:00</td>\n",
       "      <td>168.198578</td>\n",
       "      <td>-44.375671</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.308933</td>\n",
       "      <td>5.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>M</td>\n",
       "      <td>operator assigned</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>confirmed</td>\n",
       "      <td>manual</td>\n",
       "      <td>iasp91</td>\n",
       "      <td>23</td>\n",
       "      <td>14</td>\n",
       "      <td>40</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.355646</td>\n",
       "      <td>187.604641</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.659936</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4366</th>\n",
       "      <td>2019p428761</td>\n",
       "      <td>earthquake</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-06-08 15:24:08.722000+00:00</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-06-08 16:31:40.816000+00:00</td>\n",
       "      <td>168.152435</td>\n",
       "      <td>-44.340420</td>\n",
       "      <td>5.523660</td>\n",
       "      <td>5.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>M</td>\n",
       "      <td>operator assigned</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>confirmed</td>\n",
       "      <td>manual</td>\n",
       "      <td>iasp91</td>\n",
       "      <td>31</td>\n",
       "      <td>22</td>\n",
       "      <td>72</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.370080</td>\n",
       "      <td>189.909981</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.544029</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4560</th>\n",
       "      <td>2019p396211</td>\n",
       "      <td>earthquake</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-05-27 14:21:46.745000+00:00</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-06-23 23:53:33.645000+00:00</td>\n",
       "      <td>166.074066</td>\n",
       "      <td>-46.064442</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.501604</td>\n",
       "      <td>5.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>M</td>\n",
       "      <td>operator assigned</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>confirmed</td>\n",
       "      <td>manual</td>\n",
       "      <td>iasp91</td>\n",
       "      <td>29</td>\n",
       "      <td>18</td>\n",
       "      <td>9</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.434098</td>\n",
       "      <td>283.051556</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.026848</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4577</th>\n",
       "      <td>2019p394500</td>\n",
       "      <td>earthquake</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-05-26 23:09:32.515000+00:00</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-06-21 06:17:33.686000+00:00</td>\n",
       "      <td>165.710068</td>\n",
       "      <td>-47.231438</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.215461</td>\n",
       "      <td>5.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>M</td>\n",
       "      <td>operator assigned</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>confirmed</td>\n",
       "      <td>manual</td>\n",
       "      <td>iasp91</td>\n",
       "      <td>28</td>\n",
       "      <td>19</td>\n",
       "      <td>9</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.257659</td>\n",
       "      <td>313.576382</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.331752</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4782</th>\n",
       "      <td>2019p370959</td>\n",
       "      <td>earthquake</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-05-18 06:07:20.309000+00:00</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-05-18 06:16:13.964000+00:00</td>\n",
       "      <td>176.542572</td>\n",
       "      <td>-40.303345</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.084827</td>\n",
       "      <td>16.392059</td>\n",
       "      <td>M</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>confirmed</td>\n",
       "      <td>manual</td>\n",
       "      <td>iasp91</td>\n",
       "      <td>34</td>\n",
       "      <td>24</td>\n",
       "      <td>54</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.052922</td>\n",
       "      <td>109.464150</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.357032</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5543</th>\n",
       "      <td>2019p292772</td>\n",
       "      <td>earthquake</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-04-19 07:49:14.761000+00:00</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-05-16 23:03:21.290000+00:00</td>\n",
       "      <td>173.551315</td>\n",
       "      <td>-42.432846</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.614157</td>\n",
       "      <td>7.364053</td>\n",
       "      <td>M</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>confirmed</td>\n",
       "      <td>manual</td>\n",
       "      <td>iasp91</td>\n",
       "      <td>35</td>\n",
       "      <td>22</td>\n",
       "      <td>12</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.019173</td>\n",
       "      <td>122.221054</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.572996</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>6066</th>\n",
       "      <td>2019p232711</td>\n",
       "      <td>earthquake</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-03-28 02:28:50.175000+00:00</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-04-08 04:34:06.936000+00:00</td>\n",
       "      <td>166.067703</td>\n",
       "      <td>-46.392490</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.215863</td>\n",
       "      <td>12.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>M</td>\n",
       "      <td>operator assigned</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>confirmed</td>\n",
       "      <td>manual</td>\n",
       "      <td>iasp91</td>\n",
       "      <td>26</td>\n",
       "      <td>18</td>\n",
       "      <td>7</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.481624</td>\n",
       "      <td>288.842411</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.033195</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>6069</th>\n",
       "      <td>2019p232538</td>\n",
       "      <td>earthquake</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-03-28 00:56:20.374000+00:00</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-04-08 04:10:31.107000+00:00</td>\n",
       "      <td>166.176727</td>\n",
       "      <td>-46.497314</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.359151</td>\n",
       "      <td>5.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>M</td>\n",
       "      <td>operator assigned</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>confirmed</td>\n",
       "      <td>manual</td>\n",
       "      <td>iasp91</td>\n",
       "      <td>29</td>\n",
       "      <td>16</td>\n",
       "      <td>12</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.481254</td>\n",
       "      <td>278.149246</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.196564</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>7344</th>\n",
       "      <td>2019p088081</td>\n",
       "      <td>earthquake</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-02-02 14:09:44.488000+00:00</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-02-18 00:35:30.222000+00:00</td>\n",
       "      <td>176.711334</td>\n",
       "      <td>-40.362110</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.139312</td>\n",
       "      <td>14.721939</td>\n",
       "      <td>M</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>confirmed</td>\n",
       "      <td>manual</td>\n",
       "      <td>iasp91</td>\n",
       "      <td>25</td>\n",
       "      <td>17</td>\n",
       "      <td>10</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.111969</td>\n",
       "      <td>193.243544</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.565519</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>7345</th>\n",
       "      <td>2019p088069</td>\n",
       "      <td>earthquake</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-02-02 14:03:33.689000+00:00</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-02-02 14:12:36.579000+00:00</td>\n",
       "      <td>176.729675</td>\n",
       "      <td>-40.371071</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.261718</td>\n",
       "      <td>12.721261</td>\n",
       "      <td>M</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>confirmed</td>\n",
       "      <td>manual</td>\n",
       "      <td>iasp91</td>\n",
       "      <td>25</td>\n",
       "      <td>16</td>\n",
       "      <td>10</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.113390</td>\n",
       "      <td>199.919975</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.439077</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>7375</th>\n",
       "      <td>2019p082874</td>\n",
       "      <td>earthquake</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-01-31 15:55:25.654000+00:00</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-02-14 04:24:20.412000+00:00</td>\n",
       "      <td>174.909912</td>\n",
       "      <td>-40.197525</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.075324</td>\n",
       "      <td>17.234499</td>\n",
       "      <td>M</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>confirmed</td>\n",
       "      <td>manual</td>\n",
       "      <td>tab</td>\n",
       "      <td>81</td>\n",
       "      <td>66</td>\n",
       "      <td>49</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.310438</td>\n",
       "      <td>64.069550</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.662889</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>7748</th>\n",
       "      <td>2019p034697</td>\n",
       "      <td>earthquake</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-01-13 20:06:46.184000+00:00</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-01-13 20:47:01.531000+00:00</td>\n",
       "      <td>167.899200</td>\n",
       "      <td>-44.467148</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.418598</td>\n",
       "      <td>5.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>M</td>\n",
       "      <td>operator assigned</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>confirmed</td>\n",
       "      <td>manual</td>\n",
       "      <td>iasp91</td>\n",
       "      <td>23</td>\n",
       "      <td>19</td>\n",
       "      <td>36</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.207073</td>\n",
       "      <td>201.980293</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.645928</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>7749</th>\n",
       "      <td>2019p034468</td>\n",
       "      <td>earthquake</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-01-13 18:04:53.419000+00:00</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-02-05 03:48:27.816000+00:00</td>\n",
       "      <td>167.861694</td>\n",
       "      <td>-44.478550</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.060530</td>\n",
       "      <td>5.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>M</td>\n",
       "      <td>operator assigned</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>confirmed</td>\n",
       "      <td>manual</td>\n",
       "      <td>iasp91</td>\n",
       "      <td>29</td>\n",
       "      <td>22</td>\n",
       "      <td>12</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.200172</td>\n",
       "      <td>203.600517</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.766121</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>7869</th>\n",
       "      <td>2019p017113</td>\n",
       "      <td>earthquake</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-01-07 07:58:04.685000+00:00</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-01-30 22:02:38.328000+00:00</td>\n",
       "      <td>168.759933</td>\n",
       "      <td>-43.647423</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.131718</td>\n",
       "      <td>12.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>M</td>\n",
       "      <td>operator assigned</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>confirmed</td>\n",
       "      <td>manual</td>\n",
       "      <td>iasp91</td>\n",
       "      <td>47</td>\n",
       "      <td>32</td>\n",
       "      <td>15</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.312832</td>\n",
       "      <td>214.016243</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.767019</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>7934</th>\n",
       "      <td>2019p008829</td>\n",
       "      <td>earthquake</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-01-04 06:23:36.246000+00:00</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-01-29 03:42:22.382000+00:00</td>\n",
       "      <td>171.583130</td>\n",
       "      <td>-42.890594</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.154753</td>\n",
       "      <td>5.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>M</td>\n",
       "      <td>operator assigned</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>confirmed</td>\n",
       "      <td>manual</td>\n",
       "      <td>iasp91</td>\n",
       "      <td>43</td>\n",
       "      <td>27</td>\n",
       "      <td>17</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.059410</td>\n",
       "      <td>57.352570</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.537773</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>7961</th>\n",
       "      <td>2019p005981</td>\n",
       "      <td>earthquake</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-01-03 05:07:13.466000+00:00</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-01-29 01:25:50.166000+00:00</td>\n",
       "      <td>166.880707</td>\n",
       "      <td>-45.000637</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.354081</td>\n",
       "      <td>12.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>M</td>\n",
       "      <td>operator assigned</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>confirmed</td>\n",
       "      <td>manual</td>\n",
       "      <td>iasp91</td>\n",
       "      <td>14</td>\n",
       "      <td>8</td>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.502539</td>\n",
       "      <td>235.384933</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.739543</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "<p>31 rows × 21 columns</p>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "         publicid   eventtype                       origintime  \\\n",
       "454   2019p922847  earthquake 2019-12-08 10:52:53.590000+00:00   \n",
       "586   2019p901682  earthquake 2019-11-30 14:56:11.982000+00:00   \n",
       "1001  2019p841215  earthquake 2019-11-08 05:59:31.198000+00:00   \n",
       "1213  2019p815147  earthquake 2019-10-29 14:30:52.109000+00:00   \n",
       "1232  2019p812026  earthquake 2019-10-28 10:47:21.145000+00:00   \n",
       "1313  2019p801015  earthquake 2019-10-24 09:00:57.859000+00:00   \n",
       "1314  2019p801001  earthquake 2019-10-24 08:53:37.454000+00:00   \n",
       "1483  2019p776240  earthquake 2019-10-15 05:01:18.845000+00:00   \n",
       "1739  2019p737513  earthquake 2019-09-30 21:07:27.074000+00:00   \n",
       "2011  2019p697855  earthquake 2019-09-16 04:57:30.485000+00:00   \n",
       "2449  2019p645981  earthquake 2019-08-28 00:19:06.488000+00:00   \n",
       "2574  2019p630200  earthquake 2019-08-22 04:10:49.158000+00:00   \n",
       "2868  2019p603895  earthquake 2019-08-12 10:35:27.752000+00:00   \n",
       "3692  2019p498257  earthquake 2019-07-04 08:31:47.387000+00:00   \n",
       "3824  2019p480523  earthquake 2019-06-27 19:03:00.085000+00:00   \n",
       "4304  2019p430039  earthquake 2019-06-09 02:45:10.482000+00:00   \n",
       "4366  2019p428761  earthquake 2019-06-08 15:24:08.722000+00:00   \n",
       "4560  2019p396211  earthquake 2019-05-27 14:21:46.745000+00:00   \n",
       "4577  2019p394500  earthquake 2019-05-26 23:09:32.515000+00:00   \n",
       "4782  2019p370959  earthquake 2019-05-18 06:07:20.309000+00:00   \n",
       "5543  2019p292772  earthquake 2019-04-19 07:49:14.761000+00:00   \n",
       "6066  2019p232711  earthquake 2019-03-28 02:28:50.175000+00:00   \n",
       "6069  2019p232538  earthquake 2019-03-28 00:56:20.374000+00:00   \n",
       "7344  2019p088081  earthquake 2019-02-02 14:09:44.488000+00:00   \n",
       "7345  2019p088069  earthquake 2019-02-02 14:03:33.689000+00:00   \n",
       "7375  2019p082874  earthquake 2019-01-31 15:55:25.654000+00:00   \n",
       "7748  2019p034697  earthquake 2019-01-13 20:06:46.184000+00:00   \n",
       "7749  2019p034468  earthquake 2019-01-13 18:04:53.419000+00:00   \n",
       "7869  2019p017113  earthquake 2019-01-07 07:58:04.685000+00:00   \n",
       "7934  2019p008829  earthquake 2019-01-04 06:23:36.246000+00:00   \n",
       "7961  2019p005981  earthquake 2019-01-03 05:07:13.466000+00:00   \n",
       "\n",
       "                     modificationtime   longitude   latitude  magnitude  \\\n",
       "454  2019-12-18 20:18:35.151000+00:00  174.362320 -41.637001   4.155399   \n",
       "586  2019-12-12 01:56:15.029000+00:00  171.550659 -43.604828   4.266923   \n",
       "1001 2019-11-27 01:48:32.066000+00:00  174.740768 -40.637718   4.137776   \n",
       "1213 2019-11-21 03:31:46.439000+00:00  166.106644 -46.172123   4.213079   \n",
       "1232 2019-10-28 10:52:22.015000+00:00  165.881882 -47.358582   4.267483   \n",
       "1313 2019-10-24 09:07:13.688000+00:00  167.481949 -44.682388   4.030422   \n",
       "1314 2019-10-24 09:14:46.070000+00:00  167.439163 -44.674133   5.627288   \n",
       "1483 2019-11-11 01:56:46.591000+00:00  170.870407 -43.251732   4.429325   \n",
       "1739 2019-09-30 21:16:43.799000+00:00  167.775848 -44.545311   4.740233   \n",
       "2011 2019-09-16 05:09:50.534000+00:00  174.633270 -40.557869   4.065340   \n",
       "2449 2019-09-17 01:16:34.864000+00:00  165.790802 -48.189106   4.094877   \n",
       "2574 2019-08-22 04:18:45.633000+00:00  174.419601 -41.580067   4.605804   \n",
       "2868 2019-09-05 00:08:09.986000+00:00  167.858551 -44.515186   5.512261   \n",
       "3692 2019-07-31 02:29:00.593000+00:00  168.690628 -44.075947   4.009423   \n",
       "3824 2019-06-27 19:10:09.034000+00:00  174.132400 -41.708046   4.244940   \n",
       "4304 2019-06-09 02:48:52.599000+00:00  168.198578 -44.375671   4.308933   \n",
       "4366 2019-06-08 16:31:40.816000+00:00  168.152435 -44.340420   5.523660   \n",
       "4560 2019-06-23 23:53:33.645000+00:00  166.074066 -46.064442   4.501604   \n",
       "4577 2019-06-21 06:17:33.686000+00:00  165.710068 -47.231438   4.215461   \n",
       "4782 2019-05-18 06:16:13.964000+00:00  176.542572 -40.303345   4.084827   \n",
       "5543 2019-05-16 23:03:21.290000+00:00  173.551315 -42.432846   4.614157   \n",
       "6066 2019-04-08 04:34:06.936000+00:00  166.067703 -46.392490   4.215863   \n",
       "6069 2019-04-08 04:10:31.107000+00:00  166.176727 -46.497314   4.359151   \n",
       "7344 2019-02-18 00:35:30.222000+00:00  176.711334 -40.362110   4.139312   \n",
       "7345 2019-02-02 14:12:36.579000+00:00  176.729675 -40.371071   4.261718   \n",
       "7375 2019-02-14 04:24:20.412000+00:00  174.909912 -40.197525   4.075324   \n",
       "7748 2019-01-13 20:47:01.531000+00:00  167.899200 -44.467148   4.418598   \n",
       "7749 2019-02-05 03:48:27.816000+00:00  167.861694 -44.478550   4.060530   \n",
       "7869 2019-01-30 22:02:38.328000+00:00  168.759933 -43.647423   4.131718   \n",
       "7934 2019-01-29 03:42:22.382000+00:00  171.583130 -42.890594   4.154753   \n",
       "7961 2019-01-29 01:25:50.166000+00:00  166.880707 -45.000637   4.354081   \n",
       "\n",
       "          depth magnitudetype          depthtype  ... evaluationstatus  \\\n",
       "454    9.677828             M                NaN  ...        confirmed   \n",
       "586    6.307243             M                NaN  ...        confirmed   \n",
       "1001  16.594856             M                NaN  ...        confirmed   \n",
       "1213  12.000000             M  operator assigned  ...        confirmed   \n",
       "1232   5.000000             M  operator assigned  ...        confirmed   \n",
       "1313   5.000000             M  operator assigned  ...        confirmed   \n",
       "1314   5.000000             M  operator assigned  ...        confirmed   \n",
       "1483   5.000000             M  operator assigned  ...        confirmed   \n",
       "1739   5.000000             M  operator assigned  ...        confirmed   \n",
       "2011   5.000000             M  operator assigned  ...        confirmed   \n",
       "2449  12.000000             M  operator assigned  ...        confirmed   \n",
       "2574  12.000000             M  operator assigned  ...        confirmed   \n",
       "2868  12.000000        Mw(mB)  operator assigned  ...        confirmed   \n",
       "3692   5.000000             M  operator assigned  ...        confirmed   \n",
       "3824  11.662800             M                NaN  ...        confirmed   \n",
       "4304   5.000000             M  operator assigned  ...        confirmed   \n",
       "4366   5.000000             M  operator assigned  ...        confirmed   \n",
       "4560   5.000000             M  operator assigned  ...        confirmed   \n",
       "4577   5.000000             M  operator assigned  ...        confirmed   \n",
       "4782  16.392059             M                NaN  ...        confirmed   \n",
       "5543   7.364053             M                NaN  ...        confirmed   \n",
       "6066  12.000000             M  operator assigned  ...        confirmed   \n",
       "6069   5.000000             M  operator assigned  ...        confirmed   \n",
       "7344  14.721939             M                NaN  ...        confirmed   \n",
       "7345  12.721261             M                NaN  ...        confirmed   \n",
       "7375  17.234499             M                NaN  ...        confirmed   \n",
       "7748   5.000000             M  operator assigned  ...        confirmed   \n",
       "7749   5.000000             M  operator assigned  ...        confirmed   \n",
       "7869  12.000000             M  operator assigned  ...        confirmed   \n",
       "7934   5.000000             M  operator assigned  ...        confirmed   \n",
       "7961  12.000000             M  operator assigned  ...        confirmed   \n",
       "\n",
       "     evaluationmode earthmodel usedphasecount  usedstationcount  \\\n",
       "454          manual     iasp91             40                31   \n",
       "586          manual     iasp91             49                28   \n",
       "1001         manual     iasp91             43                36   \n",
       "1213         manual     iasp91             36                24   \n",
       "1232         manual     iasp91             18                15   \n",
       "1313         manual     iasp91             25                20   \n",
       "1314         manual     iasp91             42                26   \n",
       "1483         manual     iasp91             69                64   \n",
       "1739         manual     iasp91             22                19   \n",
       "2011         manual     iasp91             89                80   \n",
       "2449         manual     iasp91             25                13   \n",
       "2574         manual     iasp91             44                32   \n",
       "2868         manual     iasp91             38                32   \n",
       "3692         manual     iasp91             18                11   \n",
       "3824         manual     iasp91             31                22   \n",
       "4304         manual     iasp91             23                14   \n",
       "4366         manual     iasp91             31                22   \n",
       "4560         manual     iasp91             29                18   \n",
       "4577         manual     iasp91             28                19   \n",
       "4782         manual     iasp91             34                24   \n",
       "5543         manual     iasp91             35                22   \n",
       "6066         manual     iasp91             26                18   \n",
       "6069         manual     iasp91             29                16   \n",
       "7344         manual     iasp91             25                17   \n",
       "7345         manual     iasp91             25                16   \n",
       "7375         manual        tab             81                66   \n",
       "7748         manual     iasp91             23                19   \n",
       "7749         manual     iasp91             29                22   \n",
       "7869         manual     iasp91             47                32   \n",
       "7934         manual     iasp91             43                27   \n",
       "7961         manual     iasp91             14                 8   \n",
       "\n",
       "      magnitudestationcount  minimumdistance  azimuthalgap  originerror  \\\n",
       "454                      18         0.157785    107.449318     0.432880   \n",
       "586                      13         0.074215     58.584290     0.351966   \n",
       "1001                     23         0.257249     76.274231     0.411031   \n",
       "1213                     13         0.398978    282.456741     1.157989   \n",
       "1232                      8         1.313119    314.044306     0.557779   \n",
       "1313                     14         0.317207    216.832088     0.574062   \n",
       "1314                     53         0.347628    205.323032     0.717823   \n",
       "1483                     30         0.202484     39.554077     0.419474   \n",
       "1739                     48         0.167176    204.152317     0.390014   \n",
       "2011                     94         0.368502     73.001434     0.496164   \n",
       "2449                      6         2.015957    320.294065     1.460705   \n",
       "2574                     61         0.228627    126.756531     0.306307   \n",
       "2868                     69         0.165389    200.846287     0.743953   \n",
       "3692                      7         0.068418    122.346527     0.414839   \n",
       "3824                     57         0.055069     53.920296     0.517048   \n",
       "4304                     40         0.355646    187.604641     0.659936   \n",
       "4366                     72         0.370080    189.909981     0.544029   \n",
       "4560                      9         0.434098    283.051556     1.026848   \n",
       "4577                      9         1.257659    313.576382     1.331752   \n",
       "4782                     54         0.052922    109.464150     0.357032   \n",
       "5543                     12         0.019173    122.221054     0.572996   \n",
       "6066                      7         0.481624    288.842411     1.033195   \n",
       "6069                     12         0.481254    278.149246     1.196564   \n",
       "7344                     10         0.111969    193.243544     0.565519   \n",
       "7345                     10         0.113390    199.919975     0.439077   \n",
       "7375                     49         0.310438     64.069550     0.662889   \n",
       "7748                     36         0.207073    201.980293     0.645928   \n",
       "7749                     12         0.200172    203.600517     0.766121   \n",
       "7869                     15         0.312832    214.016243     0.767019   \n",
       "7934                     17         0.059410     57.352570     0.537773   \n",
       "7961                      6         0.502539    235.384933     0.739543   \n",
       "\n",
       "      magnitudeuncertainty  \n",
       "454                    0.0  \n",
       "586                    0.0  \n",
       "1001                   0.0  \n",
       "1213                   0.0  \n",
       "1232                   0.0  \n",
       "1313                   0.0  \n",
       "1314                   0.0  \n",
       "1483                   0.0  \n",
       "1739                   0.0  \n",
       "2011                   0.0  \n",
       "2449                   0.0  \n",
       "2574                   0.0  \n",
       "2868                   0.4  \n",
       "3692                   0.0  \n",
       "3824                   0.0  \n",
       "4304                   0.0  \n",
       "4366                   0.0  \n",
       "4560                   0.0  \n",
       "4577                   0.0  \n",
       "4782                   0.0  \n",
       "5543                   0.0  \n",
       "6066                   0.0  \n",
       "6069                   0.0  \n",
       "7344                   0.0  \n",
       "7345                   0.0  \n",
       "7375                   0.0  \n",
       "7748                   0.0  \n",
       "7749                   0.0  \n",
       "7869                   0.0  \n",
       "7934                   0.0  \n",
       "7961                   0.0  \n",
       "\n",
       "[31 rows x 21 columns]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 22,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "earthquakes.loc[(earthquakes[\"depth\"] <= 20.0) & (earthquakes[\"magnitude\"] > 4.0)]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Exercise:\n",
    "\n",
    "Select earthquakes deeper than 80 km depth between -42 degrees latitude and -44 degrees latitude."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 23,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Your answer here"
   ]
  }
 ],
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