diff --git a/uberon-base.owl b/uberon-base.owl old mode 100755 new mode 100644 index e97daf547..f5f120396 --- a/uberon-base.owl +++ b/uberon-base.owl @@ -7286,7 +7286,7 @@ - + @@ -7324,14 +7324,14 @@ naris - + - + ZFA @@ -7374,14 +7374,14 @@ - + - + @@ -7447,25 +7447,25 @@ nose http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d0/Canine-nose.jpg - + - + - + FMA ZFA-def - + ZFA @@ -7575,18 +7575,18 @@ chemosensory organ - - - - FBbt:00005157 - - chemosensory sensory organ FBbt:00005157 + + + + FBbt:00005157 + + @@ -7601,9 +7601,9 @@ - - - + + + @@ -7647,28 +7647,34 @@ islet of Langerhans http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/Gray1105.png - + - + - + - + PMID:16417468 - + + PMID:16417468 + + + + + PMID:16417468 @@ -7722,12 +7728,6 @@ island of pancreas BTO:0000991 - - - - - PMID:16417468 - @@ -7739,8 +7739,8 @@ - - + + @@ -7753,7 +7753,7 @@ - + @@ -7766,7 +7766,7 @@ - + The pituitary gland is an endocrine gland that secretes hormones that regulate many other glands [GO]. An endocrine gland located ventral to the diencephalon and derived from mixed neuroectodermal and non neuroectodermal origin [ZFIN]. An endocrine gland derived from infundibulum of the floor of the diencephalon and an ectodermal dorsal protrusion from the buccal cavity which controls the secretion of many hormones influencing the function of various organs of the body.[AAO] An endocrine gland located ventral to the diencephalon and derived from mixed neuroectodermal and non neuroectodermal origin.[TAO] @@ -7819,19 +7819,19 @@ pituitary gland http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/97/Gray1180.png - + - + - + - + @@ -7846,25 +7846,25 @@ - + ZFA - + ZFA - + PMID:19084529 - + https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3308-6245 @@ -8209,7 +8209,7 @@ - + @@ -8255,7 +8255,7 @@ parasympathetic nervous system http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f7/Gray839.png - + @@ -8268,7 +8268,7 @@ - + FMA MA WP @@ -8401,7 +8401,7 @@ - + @@ -8447,7 +8447,7 @@ sympathetic nervous system http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/77/Gray838.png - + @@ -8460,7 +8460,7 @@ - + FMA MA ZFA-modified-from-isa @@ -8657,7 +8657,7 @@ - + @@ -8670,9 +8670,9 @@ - - - + + + @@ -8720,19 +8720,19 @@ endocrine pancreas - + - + - + - + @@ -8745,7 +8745,7 @@ - + AAO FMA XAO @@ -8753,19 +8753,19 @@ - + GO - + GO - + GO @@ -8977,7 +8977,7 @@ - + @@ -9005,14 +9005,14 @@ compound eye https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/457 - + - + PMID:21062451 @@ -9094,7 +9094,7 @@ - + @@ -9135,14 +9135,14 @@ camera-type eye - + - + definitional @@ -10004,7 +10004,7 @@ - + A lamina propria that is part of a respiratory airway. EMAPA:35877 FMA:265157 @@ -10027,14 +10027,14 @@ UBERON:0000031 lamina propria of trachea - + - + true https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Inferring-part-of-relationships @@ -10790,8 +10790,8 @@ - - + + A hemopoietic organ found in elasmobranchs. Along with the spleen and special tissue around the gonads, this structure produces red blood cells and it is nestled along the top and bottom of the esophagus. Found in elasmobranchs (sharks and rays) but with some exceptions. @@ -10802,24 +10802,24 @@ Phenotype notes: Leydig's organ can be quite large - a 1.6-kilogram (3.5-pound) one was reported from a 1.8-metre (6-foot) long Bluntnose Sixgill Shark (Hexanchus griseus). Structure notes: divided into dorsal and ventral patches, gradation varies between species. Lacks erythroblasts and fat cells[Honma 1983] Leydig's organ - + - + - + Wikipedia - + Honma1983 @@ -11019,8 +11019,8 @@ - - + + @@ -11071,11 +11071,11 @@ tendon http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3c/Achilles-tendon.jpg - + - + @@ -11088,13 +11088,13 @@ - + OG - + AEO @@ -11173,7 +11173,7 @@ - + @@ -11241,7 +11241,7 @@ https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/2644 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/71/DRG_Chicken_e7.jpg - + @@ -11254,7 +11254,7 @@ - + DOI:10.1101/gr.157586.113 ZFA https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/The-neural-crest @@ -11379,8 +11379,8 @@ - - + + A biological tissue mass, most commonly a mass of nerve cell bodies. TODO - check vert vs invert. Other species: Any of a number of aggregations of neurons, glial cells and their processes, surrounded by a glial cell and connective tissue sheath (plural: ganglia). // Subdivision of neural tree (organ) which primarily consists of cell bodies of neurons located outside the neuraxis (brain and spinal cord); together with a nucleus and its associated nerve, it constitutes a neural tree (organ). Examples: spinal ganglion, trigeminal ganglion, superior cervical ganglion, celiac ganglion, inferior hypogastric (pelvic) ganglion. // a cluster of nerve cells and associated glial cells (nuclear location) // Portion of tissue that contains cell bodies of neurons and is located outside the central nervous system. @@ -11432,11 +11432,11 @@ ganglion - + - + @@ -11449,13 +11449,13 @@ - + EHDAA2 - + Bgee:AN @@ -11628,7 +11628,7 @@ - + Simple eye that has two or more lenses. Some marine organisms bear more than one lens; for instance the copeopod Pontella has three. The outer has a parabolic surface, countering the effects of spherical aberration while allowing a sharp image to be formed. Copilla's eyes have two lenses, which move in and out like a telescope. Wikipedia:Eye#Multiple_lenses @@ -11638,14 +11638,14 @@ simple eye with multiple lenses - + - + 2 @@ -11717,7 +11717,7 @@ - + @@ -11767,14 +11767,14 @@ https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/brain-female/v1.4/assets/3d-allen-f-brain.glb https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/brain-male/v1.4/assets/3d-allen-m-brain.glb - + - + NIFSTD @@ -12048,7 +12048,7 @@ - + @@ -12108,14 +12108,14 @@ ureter https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/30/Urinary_system.svg - + - + GO @@ -12187,8 +12187,8 @@ - - + + @@ -12238,25 +12238,25 @@ urethra https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cb/Female_anatomy.png - + - + - + pelvic part of UG sinus gives rise to prostatic and membranous parts of urethra Wikipedia - + Wikipedia @@ -12780,7 +12780,7 @@ - + @@ -12801,14 +12801,14 @@ respiratory tract - + - + NCBIBook:NBK10107 @@ -13264,7 +13264,7 @@ - + @@ -13290,14 +13290,14 @@ pupal stage https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/562 - + - + may be better to model pupal development as including the pre-pupal stage @@ -13485,7 +13485,7 @@ - + @@ -13537,14 +13537,14 @@ http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/30/Gray1130.svg https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/22/Renal_corpuscle.svg - + - + FMA MA @@ -13689,7 +13689,7 @@ - + The surface (external) layer of ectoderm which begins to proliferate shortly after separation from the neuroectoderm. merge with non-neural. In vertebrates, the ectoderm has three parts: external ectoderm (also known as surface ectoderm), the neurectoderm (neural crest, and neural tube) @@ -13715,7 +13715,7 @@ external ectoderm http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1d/Ectoderm.png - + @@ -13728,7 +13728,7 @@ - + EHDAA2 @@ -14144,15 +14144,15 @@ - - + + - + @@ -14188,34 +14188,34 @@ metanephros - + - + - + - + definitional - + GO - + ISBN:9780878932504 @@ -14408,8 +14408,8 @@ - - + + An epithelial swelling on the Wolffian duct that elongates to invade the adjacent metanephric mesenchyme[MP]. Outgrowth of the mesonephric duct that penetrates the metanephric mesoderm and forms the ureter, renal pelvis, major and minor calyces and collecting ducts. [Embryology, See_Dudek_RW_and_Fix_JD, Third_Edition_(2004)_Philadelphia:_Lippincott_William_and_Wilkins, p.137][VHOG] Outgrowth of the mesonephric duct that penetrates the metanephric mesoderm and forms the ureter, renal pelvis, major and minor calyces and collecting ducts[VHOG:0000541]. @@ -14436,11 +14436,11 @@ ureteric bud - + - + @@ -14453,13 +14453,13 @@ - + EHDAA2 - + ISBN:9780878932504 @@ -14545,7 +14545,7 @@ - + @@ -14588,14 +14588,14 @@ morula http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c6/Blastulation.png - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -14745,8 +14745,8 @@ - - + + A mass of cells that develop into the body of the embryo and some extraembryonic tissues. A group of cells found in the mammalian blastocyst that give rise to the embryo. [Biology_Online][VHOG] A small sphere of cells known as the inner cell mass lies within the trophoblast (of all eutherian mammals).[well established][VHOG] @@ -14774,24 +14774,24 @@ inner cell mass https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/72/Blastocyst_English.svg - + - + - + Wikipedia - + Wikipedia @@ -14858,7 +14858,7 @@ - + @@ -14891,14 +14891,14 @@ trophoblast https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/72/Blastocyst_English.svg - + - + MP-def PMID:19829370 @@ -15189,7 +15189,7 @@ - + A flattened, almost circular bilaminar plate of cells formed when the inner cell mass (aka embryoblast) forms two epithelial layers, each of a distinct lineage, separated by an extracellular basement membrane: the external (dorsal) layer is called the epiblast and the internal (ventral) layer is called the hypoblast (aka primitive endoderm); together, they compose the bilaminar embryonic disc. embryonic disc embryonic shield @@ -15209,14 +15209,14 @@ bilaminar disc http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/Gray21.png - + - + Wikipedia @@ -15340,7 +15340,7 @@ - + Nonparenchymatous organ that primarily consists of dense connective tissue organized into a sheet which interconnects two or more organs, separates two or more body spaces from one another, or surrounds an organ or body part. Examples: interosseous membrane of forearm, obturator membrane, tympanic membrane, fibrous pericardium, fascia lata, dura mater. [FMA]. 2009-07-30T05:19:13Z @@ -15351,14 +15351,14 @@ UBERON:0000094 membrane organ - + - + FMA-def @@ -15381,7 +15381,7 @@ - + Portion of neural crest that develops from the dorsal neural tube. It overlaps the vagal neural crest and migrates to populate the pharyngeal arches 3, 4 and 6 (producing structures in the head) and to the heart, forming connective tissue that separates the great vessels of the heart. [Wikipedia]. A subpopulation of the cephalic neural crest that emerges from the otic level to the anterior limit of somite 4. It migrates to the heart and is essential for the septation of the outflow track[DOI:10.1242/dev.091751]. ZFA treats this as a subtype of NC. @@ -15398,14 +15398,14 @@ cardiac neural crest - + - + Wikipedia @@ -15445,7 +15445,7 @@ - + The orifice of invagination of the endomesodermal cells during the embryonic stages of an organism. A slit-like invagination on the dorsal side of the blastula surface of the embryo where the mesoderm and endoderm move inside the embryo at gatrulation.[AAO] @@ -15461,14 +15461,14 @@ blastopore https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/660 - + - + https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3308-6245 @@ -15954,7 +15954,7 @@ - + @@ -15990,14 +15990,14 @@ gastrula stage - + - + BILS @@ -16175,6 +16175,12 @@ sexually immature stage https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/427 + + + + The stage of being a sexually immature adult animal[XAO:1000010]. + XAO:1000010 + @@ -16193,12 +16199,6 @@ subadult stage http://eol.org/schema/terms/subadult - - - - The stage of being a sexually immature adult animal[XAO:1000010]. - XAO:1000010 - @@ -16420,7 +16420,7 @@ - + @@ -16433,14 +16433,14 @@ lung saccule - + - + GO @@ -16550,7 +16550,7 @@ - + @@ -16578,7 +16578,7 @@ lung bud http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/71/Gray948.png - + @@ -16591,7 +16591,7 @@ - + EHDAA2 @@ -17017,7 +17017,7 @@ - + @@ -17043,14 +17043,14 @@ neural nucleus - + - + we limit this structure by definition to chordate and vertebrate nervous systems @@ -17178,7 +17178,7 @@ - + @@ -17211,14 +17211,14 @@ facial nucleus - + - + definitional @@ -17975,7 +17975,7 @@ - + @@ -18014,14 +18014,14 @@ anal canal https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/01/Gray1078.png - + - + Wikipathways:WP2062 @@ -18204,8 +18204,8 @@ - - + + @@ -18238,24 +18238,24 @@ UBERON:0000162 cloaca - + - + - + ZFA - + AAO @@ -18337,8 +18337,8 @@ - - + + @@ -18357,24 +18357,24 @@ embryonic cloaca - + - + - + EHDAA2 - + EHDAA2 @@ -18397,7 +18397,7 @@ - + @@ -18439,14 +18439,14 @@ primitive urogenital sinus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6d/Gray1109.png - + - + MP-def @@ -19012,7 +19012,7 @@ - + @@ -19058,14 +19058,14 @@ pair of lungs - + - + FMA-abduced @@ -19452,15 +19452,15 @@ - + - - + + A fluid that is composed of blood plasma and erythrocytes. This class excludes blood analogues, such as the insect analog of blood. See UBERON:0000179 haemolymphatic fluid. @@ -19502,34 +19502,34 @@ blood - + - + - + - + CL:tm - + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/1330 - + Bgee:AN @@ -19729,7 +19729,7 @@ - + The narrow part of the shaft of the radius just below the head. FMA:23479 SCTID:181942005 @@ -19741,14 +19741,14 @@ neck of radius - + - + FMA @@ -20078,7 +20078,7 @@ - + Ventral part (base region) of the telencephalon. BTO term refers specifically to the avian structure @@ -20098,14 +20098,14 @@ ventral part of telencephalon - + - + separated by cell-free region @@ -20281,7 +20281,7 @@ - + @@ -20315,7 +20315,7 @@ http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/97/Gray136.png https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5b/Frontal_bone.png - + @@ -20328,7 +20328,7 @@ - + cjm @@ -20383,7 +20383,7 @@ - + @@ -20417,7 +20417,7 @@ tetrapod parietal bone http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/21/Gray132.png - + @@ -20430,7 +20430,7 @@ - + PMID:11523816 @@ -20603,7 +20603,7 @@ - + A specialized claw or nail on the foot of certain primates, used for personal grooming. 2009-05-19T08:19:58Z @@ -20612,14 +20612,14 @@ UBERON:0000212 toilet claw - + - + Wikipedia @@ -20727,7 +20727,7 @@ - + @@ -20760,14 +20760,14 @@ atlanto-occipital joint http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d4/Gray304.png - + - + FMA-abduced-lr @@ -20861,9 +20861,9 @@ - - - + + + A closed space between the embryo and the amnion which contains the amniotic fluid and is formed by the fusion of the parts of the anterior and posterior amniotic folds. The closed sac between the embryo and the amnion, containing the amniotic fluid. [Free_Online_Medical_Dictionary] BTO:0000025 @@ -20883,34 +20883,34 @@ amniotic cavity http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/Gray31.png - + - + - + - + EHDAA2 - + cjm - + cjm @@ -20950,8 +20950,8 @@ - - + + An adductor muscle that attaches to the hip and femur. In humans, it is a part of the adductor group of the thigh, that as the name suggests adducts the thigh. The adductor longus muscle forms the medial wall of the femoral triangle[WP, generalized]. Originates on the iliac portion of the ventral iliac rim and inserts on the lateral surface of the M. adductor magnus.[AAO] @@ -20972,11 +20972,11 @@ adductor longus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e2/Anterior_Hip_Muscles_2.PNG - + - + @@ -20989,14 +20989,14 @@ - + pubic body just below the pubic crest dbpedia - + linea aspera dbpedia @@ -21131,16 +21131,16 @@ - - + + - - + + The thin innermost layer of the extraembryonic membranes that contains the amniotic fluid; the membrane forms a closed sac in which the embryo and later, the fetus, is suspended and protected. A thin but tough extraembryonic membrane of reptiles, birds and mammals that lines the chorion and contains the fEtus and the amniotic fluid around it. [Biology_Online][VHOG] @@ -21169,44 +21169,44 @@ http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e7/Gray14.png https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/placenta-full-term-female/v1.1/assets/3d-vh-f-placenta-full-term.glb - + - + - + - + - + Hymans - + ISBN:0073040584 - + ISBN:0073040584-table5.4 - + ISBN:0073040584-table5.4 @@ -21481,8 +21481,8 @@ - - + + @@ -21502,24 +21502,24 @@ UBERON:0000312 inner cambium layer of periosteum - + - + - + FMA - + Wikipedia @@ -21840,7 +21840,7 @@ - + @@ -21876,14 +21876,14 @@ http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5f/Gray769-en.svg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f8/Gray769.png - + - + ISBN:0471888893 @@ -22378,7 +22378,7 @@ - + The branched tubular glands found in the mucosa of the fundus and body of the stomach which contain parietal cells that secrete hydrochloric acid and zymogenic cells that produce pepsin. BTO:0000503 EMAPA:27181 @@ -22389,7 +22389,7 @@ gastric gland - + @@ -22402,7 +22402,7 @@ - + ISBN:0073040584 @@ -23344,7 +23344,7 @@ - + The sensory nerve subdivision of the trigeminal nerve that transmits sensory information from the orbit and its contents, the nasal cavity and the skin of the nose and forehead. Sensory medial ramus of the trigeminal nerve.[AAO] @@ -23396,14 +23396,14 @@ Terminology notes. This nerve is known by a ridiculous number of names[http://palaeos.com/vertebrates/glossary/glossaryPo.html] ophthalmic nerve - + - + may be a distinct nerve in teleosts multiple @@ -23662,14 +23662,14 @@ - + - + A fibrous membrane, which, in the neck, represents the supraspinal ligaments of the upper vertebrae. @@ -23691,24 +23691,24 @@ UBERON:0000351 nuchal ligament - + - + - + BTO - + C7 in humans @@ -24649,8 +24649,8 @@ - - + + The adductor brevis is a muscle in the thigh situated immediately behind the pectineus and adductor longus. It is somewhat triangular in form, and arises by a narrow origin from the outer surfaces of the superior and inferior rami of the pubis, between the gracilis and obturator externus. Its fibers, passing backward, lateralward, and downward, are inserted, by an aponeurosis, into the line leading from the lesser trochanter to the linea aspera and into the upper part of the linea aspera, immediately behind the pectineus and upper part of the adductor longus.[WP]. BTO:0001288 @@ -24666,11 +24666,11 @@ adductor brevis http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e2/Anterior_Hip_Muscles_2.PNG - + - + @@ -24683,14 +24683,14 @@ - + anterior surface of the inferior ramus and body of the pubis dbpedia - + the lesser trochanter and linea aspera of the femur dbpedia @@ -24713,7 +24713,7 @@ - + The corpus striatum (striated body) is a compound structure consisting of the caudate nucleus and the lentiform nucleus, which consists of the putamen and the globus pallidus[WP]. Thus, certain telencephalic characters - such as the presence of a pallium divided into lateral, dorsal, and medial formations and a subpallium divided into striatum and septum - appear to characterize all vertebrates. They are primitive characters and are homologous among all vertebrates.[well established][VHOG] The term has been used in a few different ways: * It is a pair of nuclear masses which form the basal ganglia, along with the subthalamic nucleus and the substantia nigra. * It may also refer to both the basal ganglia and internal capsule collectively.[2] @@ -24743,14 +24743,14 @@ corpus striatum http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b3/Gray656.png - + - + MA @@ -24795,9 +24795,9 @@ - - - + + + An adductor muscle that attaches to the pelvic bone and the femur. In humans, the adductor magnus is a large triangular muscle, situated on the medial side of the thigh. The portion which arises from the ischiopubic ramus (a small part of the inferior ramus of the pubis, and the inferior ramus of the ischium) is called the 'adductor magnesius portion', and the portion arising from the tuberosity of the ischium is called the 'hamstring portion'. The hamstring portion is not considered part of the hamstring group of muscles, but it is adjacent to it.[WP,generalized]. Origin by two heads that are separated by a ventral tendon of the M. semitendinosus. One head originates from the ventral border of the pubic portion of the pelvic rim. The other head originates from the ischiatic border of the pelvic rim. The ventral head fuses with accessory head from the M. semitendinosus and inserts along the ventro-medial border of the femur. The dorsal belly merges with the ventral and accessory heads and inserts along the medial surface of the femur.[AAO] @@ -24817,15 +24817,15 @@ adductor magnus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e2/Anterior_Hip_Muscles_2.PNG - + - + - + @@ -24838,21 +24838,21 @@ - + posterior branch of obturator nerve and sciatic nerve dbpedia - + tuberosity of the ischium dbpedia - + dbpedia @@ -24890,7 +24890,7 @@ - + @@ -24917,7 +24917,7 @@ syncytiotrophoblast http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/df/Gray36.png - + @@ -24930,7 +24930,7 @@ - + EMAPA @@ -24973,8 +24973,8 @@ - - + + A muscle on the upper surface of the foot that helps extend digits 2 through 4. BTO:0001337 @@ -24991,25 +24991,25 @@ http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5f/Gray1241.png http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8b/Gray441.png - + - + - + dorsal surface of calcaneus dbpedia - + proximal dorsal region of middle phalanges 2 3 and 4 dbpedia @@ -25288,7 +25288,7 @@ - + @@ -25341,14 +25341,14 @@ hindlimb stylopod http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4b/Gray1238.png - + - + MA @@ -25662,7 +25662,7 @@ - + @@ -25696,7 +25696,7 @@ tongue muscle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c6/Gray1019.png - + @@ -25709,7 +25709,7 @@ - + FEED:rd ISBN:1607950324 @@ -25974,14 +25974,14 @@ - + - + @@ -26015,24 +26015,24 @@ urinary bladder detrusor smooth muscle https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/57/Illu_bladder.jpg - + - + - + FMA - + posterior surface of the body of the pubis dbpedia @@ -26420,7 +26420,7 @@ - + A part of the pharynx that consists of a flap of elastic cartilage tissue plus a mucous membrane covering, attached to the entrance of the larynx. The epiglottis is found at the root of the tongue and folds back over the entrance to the larynx during swallowing, preventing inhalation of food or drink[MP,modified]. epiglottal @@ -26440,14 +26440,14 @@ epiglottis http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e2/Gray958.png - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -26681,10 +26681,10 @@ - - - - + + + + The longissimus is the muscle lateral to the semispinalis. It is the longest subdivision of the sacrospinalis that extends forward into the transverse processes of the posterior cervical vertebrae. [WP,unvetted]. BTO:0001648 EMAPA:37648 @@ -26699,19 +26699,19 @@ longissimus muscle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1f/Longissimus.png - + - + - + - + @@ -26724,25 +26724,25 @@ - + BTO - + dbpedia - + dbpedia - + dbpedia @@ -26802,7 +26802,7 @@ - + @@ -26839,14 +26839,14 @@ cochlear ganglion http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b1/Gray903.png - + - + cell bodies BTO-modified Wikipedia @@ -27298,7 +27298,7 @@ - + An epithelium that is part of a jejunum. BTO:0001743 @@ -27313,14 +27313,14 @@ jejunal epithelium - + - + FMA @@ -27466,7 +27466,7 @@ - + @@ -27517,14 +27517,14 @@ http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/Layers_of_the_scalp_and_meninges.png https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/eb/Double_cowlick.jpg - + - + BTO @@ -27566,7 +27566,7 @@ - + One of a a paired bundle of nerve fibers plus ganglia that run from the base of the skull to the coccyx. AAO:0010791 BAMS:S @@ -27586,14 +27586,14 @@ sympathetic trunk http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2d/Gray847.png - + - + FMA-abduced-lr @@ -28515,7 +28515,7 @@ - + Gastric pits are indentations in the stomach which denote entrances to the gastric glands. They are deeper in the pylorus than they are in the other parts of the stomach. The human stomach has several million of these pits. UBERON:0000425 BTO:0002364 @@ -28533,14 +28533,14 @@ gastric pit http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/73/Illu_stomach_layers.jpg - + - + BTO @@ -28599,7 +28599,7 @@ - + The outermost layer of trophoblast, produced by cytotrophoblast where there is direct contact with maternal decidua rather than blood. The EVT cells travel into the decidua, reacting with NK cells and invading maternal blood vessels feeding the placenta, softening the walls and replacing the lining with fetal tissue, a process called conversion. BTO:0002366 FMA:86561 @@ -28609,14 +28609,14 @@ UBERON:0000426 extravillous trophoblast - + - + BTO @@ -28898,7 +28898,7 @@ - + A group of nuclei located in the medial portion of the ventral thalamic nuclei. BTO:0002470 FMA:77795 @@ -28910,7 +28910,7 @@ UBERON:0000431 ventral medial complex of thalamus - + @@ -28923,7 +28923,7 @@ - + BTO-modified @@ -28964,7 +28964,7 @@ - + A portion of the nucleus of ansa lenticularis located medial to the posterior limb of the internal capsule, along the course of the ansa lenticularis and the inferior thalamic peduncle or as a separate nucleus within the internal capsule adjacent to the medial GLOBUS PALLIDUS (NeuroNames, http://rprcsgi.rprc. washington.edu/neuronames/ (September 28, 1998)). In non-primates, the entopeduncular nucleus is analogous to both the medial globus pallidus and the entopeduncular nucleus of human. BAMS:EN BTO:0002475 @@ -28981,14 +28981,14 @@ The term entopeduncular nucleus in human neuroanatomy refers to a portion of the nucleus of the ansa lenticularis described variously as located medial to the posterior limb of the internal capsule ( Riley-1943 ), along the course of the ansa lenticularis and the inferior thalamic peduncle ( Crosby-1962 ), or as a separate nucleus within the internal capsule adjacent to the medial segment of the globus pallidus ( Nomina-1983 ).[NN] endopeduncular nucleus - + - + NN @@ -29299,8 +29299,8 @@ - - + + @@ -29314,11 +29314,11 @@ UBERON:0000437 arachnoid barrier layer - + - + @@ -29331,13 +29331,13 @@ - + cjm - + FMA @@ -30454,9 +30454,9 @@ - - - + + + The paired glands located slightly posterior and to the left and right of the opening of the vagina in the superficial perineal pouch in females; they secrete mucus to lubricate the vagina and are homologous to bulbourethral (Cowper's) glands in males. resolve difference in WP vs MP, superficial vs deep perineal pouch @@ -30483,15 +30483,15 @@ major vestibular gland - + - + - + @@ -30504,19 +30504,19 @@ - + FMA-abduced-lr - + Wikipedia - + Wikipedia @@ -30691,7 +30691,7 @@ - + @@ -30733,14 +30733,14 @@ organism substance - + - + this relationship may be too strong and may be weakened in future @@ -32096,7 +32096,7 @@ - + @@ -32137,7 +32137,7 @@ basal lamina of epithelium https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Basal_lamina.jpg - + @@ -32150,7 +32150,7 @@ - + FMA @@ -32239,7 +32239,7 @@ - + @@ -32283,14 +32283,14 @@ epithelium https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8f/Illu_epithelium.jpg - + - + http://palaeos.com/metazoa/porifera/homoscleromorpha.html @@ -32817,7 +32817,7 @@ - + The ileocecal valve is a sphincter muscle situated at the junction of the small intestine (ileum) and the large intestine. Its critical function is to limit the reflux of colonic contents into the ileum. FMA:15973 @@ -32838,7 +32838,7 @@ https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/large-intestine-female/v1.3/assets/3d-sbu-f-large-intestine.glb https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/large-intestine-male/v1.3/assets/3d-sbu-m-large-intestine.glb - + @@ -32851,7 +32851,7 @@ - + FMA @@ -32903,13 +32903,13 @@ - + - - + + A thin muscle connecting the junction between the duodenum, jejunum, and duodenojejunal flexure to connective tissue surrounding the superior mesenteric artery and coeliac artery. FMA:20509 SCTID:279979000 @@ -32924,11 +32924,11 @@ suspensory ligament of duodenum http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Gray1042.png - + - + @@ -32941,13 +32941,13 @@ - + Obol - + Obol @@ -33001,8 +33001,8 @@ - - + + A muscle that arises from the lower half of the ligamentum nuchæ, from the spinous process of the seventh cervical vertebra, and from the spinous processes of the upper three or four thoracic vertebræ and inserts the mastoid process of the temporal bone, and into the rough surface on the occipital bone just below the lateral third of the superior nuchal line[WP,modified]. Extend, rotate, and laterally flex the head FMA:22653 @@ -33015,11 +33015,11 @@ splenius capitis http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/51/Splenius.png - + - + @@ -33032,14 +33032,14 @@ - + Ligamentum nuchae spinous process of C7-T6 dbpedia - + Wikipedia:Mastoid_process @@ -33558,7 +33558,7 @@ - + @@ -33595,14 +33595,14 @@ abdomen - + - + MA @@ -34010,7 +34010,7 @@ - + Primary germ layer that is the outer of the embryo's three germ layers and gives rise to epidermis and neural tissue. Primary germ layer that is the outer of the embryonic germ layers and gives rise to epidermis and neural tissue.[AAO] The Bilateria are triploblastic (with true endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm) (...).[well established][VHOG] @@ -34048,14 +34048,14 @@ ectoderm http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/19/Gray32.png - + - + Bgee:AN @@ -34114,7 +34114,7 @@ - + Primary germ layer that lies remote from the surface of the embryo and gives rise to internal tissues such as gut. The Bilateria are triploblastic (with true endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm) (...).[well established][VHOG] endodermal @@ -34151,14 +34151,14 @@ http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/Endoderm2.png http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/df/Gray10.png - + - + Bgee:AN @@ -34209,7 +34209,7 @@ - + The middle germ layer of the embryo, between the endoderm and ectoderm. Primary germ layer that is the middle of the embryonic germ layers.[AAO] @@ -34254,7 +34254,7 @@ mesoderm http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e8/Mesoderm.png - + @@ -34267,7 +34267,7 @@ - + Bgee:AN @@ -34639,7 +34639,7 @@ - + @@ -34685,7 +34685,7 @@ proctodeum https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/685 - + @@ -34698,7 +34698,7 @@ - + EHDAA2 @@ -35139,7 +35139,7 @@ - + @@ -35186,14 +35186,14 @@ posterior commissure http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d7/Gray715.png - + - + FMA @@ -35296,7 +35296,7 @@ - + One of the parts of a holometabolous insect larva that will become a portion of the outside of the adult insect during the pupal transformation. BTO:0004658 FBbt:00001761 @@ -35311,7 +35311,7 @@ Though inaginal discs are sometimes described as “epithelial sacs”, we do not classify them as such, because an “epithelial sac” is defined in Uberon as being a single epithelium, whereas imaginal discs are made of several epithelia with distinct properties. imaginal disc - + @@ -35324,7 +35324,7 @@ - + Wikipedia @@ -35382,7 +35382,7 @@ - + @@ -35448,14 +35448,14 @@ cranial nerve II - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -35586,7 +35586,7 @@ - + The frontal nerve is the largest branch of the ophthalmic, and may be regarded, both from its size and direction, as the continuation of the nerve. It enters the orbit through the supraorbital foramen, and runs forward between the Levator palpebræ superioris and the periosteum. Midway between the apex and base of the orbit it divides into two branches, supratrochlear nerve and supraorbital nerve. [WP,unvetted]. FMA:52638 @@ -35603,14 +35603,14 @@ frontal nerve (branch of ophthalmic) http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/45/Gray787.png - + - + FMA @@ -35688,8 +35688,8 @@ - - + + @@ -35745,11 +35745,11 @@ stomach https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e0/Stomach_diagram.svg - + - + @@ -35768,14 +35768,14 @@ - + absent in lampreys and hagfishes ISBN:0073040584 - + ISBN:0486692132 @@ -35869,7 +35869,7 @@ - + A membranous fold of the heart that prevents reflux of fluid. @@ -35906,14 +35906,14 @@ cardiac valve - + - + PMID:15797462 @@ -35965,7 +35965,7 @@ - + @@ -36014,7 +36014,7 @@ https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/blood-vasculature-male/v1.3/assets/3d-vh-m-blood-vasculature.glb https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/91/Aorta_scheme.jpg - + @@ -36027,7 +36027,7 @@ - + EHDAA2 @@ -36107,7 +36107,7 @@ - + @@ -36183,14 +36183,14 @@ https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/heart-female/v1.3/assets/3d-vh-f-heart.glb https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/heart-male/v1.3/assets/3d-vh-m-heart.glb - + - + MA @@ -36387,7 +36387,7 @@ - + The most superficial muscle on the medial side of the thigh. It is thin and flattened, broad above, narrow and tapering below. It arises by a thin aponeurosis from the anterior margins of the lower half of the symphysis pubis and the upper half of the pubic arch. AAO has minor and major gracilis, which merge together, attaching the pelvic rim to the tibiofibula - this could be grouped with the mammalian gracilis at some level; note the current insertion site is 'tibia' which would be modified for amphibian tibiafibula @@ -36410,7 +36410,7 @@ gracilis http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e2/Anterior_Hip_Muscles_2.PNG - + @@ -36423,7 +36423,7 @@ - + pes anserinus dbpedia @@ -36577,7 +36577,7 @@ - + @@ -36602,7 +36602,7 @@ - + The brain is the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate, and most invertebrate, animals. Some primitive animals such as jellyfish and starfish have a decentralized nervous system without a brain, while sponges lack any nervous system at all. In vertebrates, the brain is located in the head, protected by the skull and close to the primary sensory apparatus of vision, hearing, balance, taste, and smell[WP]. requires review for applicability to invertebrate structures, e.g. synganglion @@ -36665,11 +36665,11 @@ https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/brain-female/v1.4/assets/3d-allen-f-brain.glb https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/brain-male/v1.4/assets/3d-allen-m-brain.glb - + - + @@ -36682,13 +36682,13 @@ - + FMA - + Bgee:AN @@ -36789,9 +36789,9 @@ - - - + + + @@ -36863,15 +36863,15 @@ http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7b/Cerebral_Cortex_location.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/Brainmaps-macaque-hippocampus.jpg - + - + - + @@ -36884,21 +36884,21 @@ - + GO ISBN:0471888893 - + FMA MA - + Wikipedia @@ -37466,9 +37466,9 @@ - - - + + + @@ -37493,7 +37493,7 @@ - + @@ -37549,44 +37549,44 @@ cornea http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/Schematic_diagram_of_the_human_eye_en.svg - + - + - + - + - + MA - + MA - + FMA-isa - + definitional @@ -37776,10 +37776,10 @@ - - - - + + + + The retina is the innermost layer or coating at the back of the eyeball, which is sensitive to light and in which the optic nerve terminates. @@ -37830,44 +37830,44 @@ retina http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Human_eye_cross-sectional_view_grayscale.png - + - + - + - + - + FMA - + FMA - + FMA - + EHDAA2 @@ -38038,8 +38038,8 @@ - - + + @@ -38075,24 +38075,24 @@ eye - + - + - + PMID:21062451 - + PMID:21062451 @@ -38345,8 +38345,8 @@ - - + + @@ -38402,11 +38402,11 @@ sternum http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/12/Illu_thoracic_cage.jpg - + - + @@ -38419,13 +38419,13 @@ - + FMA - + ISBN:0073040584 @@ -38513,7 +38513,7 @@ - + @@ -38554,14 +38554,14 @@ humerus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/67/Illu_upper_extremity.jpg - + - + definitional @@ -38635,7 +38635,7 @@ - + @@ -38649,7 +38649,7 @@ - + @@ -38715,14 +38715,14 @@ pleura http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ab/Gray965.png - + - + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/86 @@ -38940,7 +38940,7 @@ - + @@ -38971,14 +38971,14 @@ trochanter - + - + MA @@ -39035,7 +39035,7 @@ - + @@ -39083,7 +39083,7 @@ femur http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/73/Gray252.png - + @@ -39096,7 +39096,7 @@ - + definitional @@ -39332,7 +39332,7 @@ - + @@ -39358,14 +39358,14 @@ metatarsus region - + - + PHENOSCAPE:ni @@ -39636,7 +39636,7 @@ - + @@ -39705,14 +39705,14 @@ pons http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/36/Gray768.png - + - + neuronames @@ -39781,8 +39781,8 @@ - - + + An intromittent organ in certain biologically male organisms. In placental mammals, this also serves as the organ of urination. penile phallic @@ -39818,11 +39818,11 @@ penis http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/87/Labelled_flaccid_penis.jpg - + - + @@ -39835,13 +39835,13 @@ - + Wikipedia - + EHDAA2 @@ -40810,8 +40810,8 @@ - - + + @@ -40853,11 +40853,11 @@ http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1b/Illu_repdt_female.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a4/Vaginal_opening_-_english_description.jpg - + - + @@ -40870,13 +40870,13 @@ - + FMA - + Wikipedia @@ -41338,7 +41338,7 @@ - + @@ -41408,14 +41408,14 @@ vas deferens http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d1/Male_anatomy_en.svg - + - + FMA @@ -41547,7 +41547,7 @@ - + Tough but flexible, non-mineral outer coverings of an organism, or parts of an organism, that provide protection. Cuticles are non-homologous, differing in their origin, structure and chemical composition[WP]. cuticular @@ -41563,14 +41563,14 @@ EDITOR_NOTE TODO - check cuticle vs exoskeleton. Note that GO has a very generic definition of cuticle. See also arthropod-anatomy ontology. Note in ncit Cuticle is a plant part cuticle - + - + Rieger - Evolution of the Cuticle in the Lower Eumetazoa @@ -42486,8 +42486,8 @@ - - + + The head of the radius has a cylindrical form, and on its upper surface is a shallow cup or fovea for articulation with the capitulum (or capitellum) of the humerus. The circumference of the head is smooth; it is broad medially where it articulates with the radial notch of the ulna, narrow in the rest of its extent, which is embraced by the annular ligament. The deepest point in the fovea is not axi-symmetric with the long axis of the radius, creating a cam effect during pronation and supination[WP]. FMA:33773 SCTID:181941003 @@ -42501,24 +42501,24 @@ head of radius http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/47/Gray214.png - + - + - + FMA - + FMA @@ -42835,7 +42835,7 @@ - + @@ -42895,14 +42895,14 @@ http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b2/TE-Nervous_system_diagram.svg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/ba/Nervous_system_diagram.png - + - + Bgee:AN @@ -42996,7 +42996,7 @@ - + The central nervous system is the core nervous system that serves an integrating and coordinating function. In vertebrates it consists of the neural tube derivatives: the brain and spinal cord. In invertebrates it includes central ganglia plus nerve cord. @@ -43045,7 +43045,7 @@ central nervous system - + @@ -43059,7 +43059,7 @@ - + Bgee:AN @@ -43631,7 +43631,7 @@ - + A nerve that transmits from sensory receptors on the surface of the body to the central nervous system. AEO:0000201 EHDAA2:0003200 @@ -43646,14 +43646,14 @@ sensory nerve - + - + AEO @@ -44258,8 +44258,8 @@ - - + + @@ -44314,11 +44314,11 @@ strand of hair http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/25/Gray945.png - + - + @@ -44331,13 +44331,13 @@ - + FMA - + FMA @@ -44421,8 +44421,8 @@ - - + + A sac-like expansion of the ventral wall of the intestine, narrowed into a yolk stalk near the body[Hyman's]. Membranous sac attached to an embryo, providing early nourishment in the form of yolk in bony fishes, sharks, reptiles, birds, and primitive mammals. It functions as the developmental circulatory system of the human embryo, before internal circulation begins. In the mouse, the yolk sac is the first site of blood formation, generating primitive macrophages and erythrocytes[WP]. consider splitting class One of the extraembryonic fetal membranes that balloons out from the fetal midgut. [TFD][VHOG] @@ -44453,11 +44453,11 @@ yolk sac http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/17/Gray22.png - + - + @@ -44476,13 +44476,13 @@ - + ISBN:0073040584 - + ISBN:0073040584 @@ -44641,7 +44641,7 @@ - + A portion of the respiratory and digestive tracts; its distal limit is the superior part of the esophagus and it connects the nasal and oral cavities with the esophagus and larynx; it contains the valleculae and the pyriform recesses; its upper limits are the nasal cavity and cranial base.[FEED]. A funnel-shaped fibromuscular tube that conducts food to the ESOPHAGUS, and air to the LARYNYX and LUNGS. It is located posterior to the NASAL CAVITY; ORAL CAVITY; and LARYNX, and extends from the SKULL BASE to the inferior border of the CRICOID CARTILAGE anteriorly and to the inferior border of the C6 vertebra posteriorly. It is divided into the NASOPHARYNX; OROPHARYNX; and HYPOPHARYNX (laryngopharynx)[MESH:A03.867]. Anatomical cavity bounded by the derivatives of the branchial arches.[AAO] @@ -44683,14 +44683,14 @@ Consider generalizing to deuterostome pharynx chordate pharynx - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -45133,7 +45133,7 @@ - + @@ -45170,14 +45170,14 @@ hindgut http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f7/Gray472.png - + - + Wikipedia @@ -45583,15 +45583,15 @@ - + - - + + @@ -45645,15 +45645,15 @@ https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/large-intestine-female/v1.3/assets/3d-sbu-f-large-intestine.glb https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/large-intestine-male/v1.3/assets/3d-sbu-m-large-intestine.glb - + - + - + @@ -45667,19 +45667,19 @@ - + MA - + EHDAA2 - + ISBN:0073040584 @@ -45718,7 +45718,7 @@ - + A system of neurons that has the specialized function to produce and secrete hormones, and that constitutes, in whole or in part, an endocrine organ or system. currently intended for invert structure; alt definitions include: organs in which intimate relationships between axons and terminal blood vessels are established BTO:0002106 @@ -45734,14 +45734,14 @@ brain areas from which substances enter blood for example, the neurohypophysis from which oxytocin and vasopressin enter blood. arthropod neurohemal organ - + - + BTO @@ -45849,7 +45849,7 @@ - + @@ -45869,14 +45869,14 @@ will be ceded to arthropod anatomy ontology corpus cardiacum - + - + BTO-modified @@ -45907,8 +45907,8 @@ - - + + One of a pair of separate or fused bodies in many insects that are sometimes closely associated with the corpora cardiaca and that secrete hormones (as juvenile hormone)[BTO]. In Lepidoptera species, the corpus allatum acts as a release site for prothoracicotropic hormone which is generated by the brain In many Diptera species, the corpus allatum is fused with the corpus cardiacum, forming Weismann's ring @@ -45926,11 +45926,11 @@ will be ceded to arthropod anatomy ontology corpus allatum - + - + @@ -45943,13 +45943,13 @@ - + BTO-modified - + Wikipedia @@ -45986,9 +45986,9 @@ - - - + + + Prominent lobed neuropils found in annelids and all arthropods except crustaceans. They are thought to be involved in olfactory associative learning and memory[MESH] Mushroom body neuropils are divided into calyces, pedunculus, and its subsequent lobes. In Drosophila these are the alpha, beta, and gamma lobes. @@ -46010,34 +46010,34 @@ mushroom body - + - + - + - + annelids and arthropods - + Wikipedia - + Wikipedia @@ -46080,7 +46080,7 @@ - + @@ -46099,14 +46099,14 @@ will be ceded to arthropod anatomy ontology pars intercerebralis - + - + FBbt @@ -46338,7 +46338,7 @@ - + @@ -46385,7 +46385,7 @@ ventral pancreatic duct http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/15/Gray1100.png - + @@ -46398,7 +46398,7 @@ - + EHDAA2 @@ -46761,7 +46761,7 @@ - + A zone of skin that is part of a back [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:36392 FMA:10462 @@ -46778,7 +46778,7 @@ EDITOR_NOTE TODO - distinguish between entire skin of region and arbitrary zone of skin on region skin of back - + @@ -46791,7 +46791,7 @@ - + MA @@ -46832,7 +46832,7 @@ - + The head of pancreas is a portion of the pancreas that is lodged within the curve of the duodenum, and is flattened anteriorly (from before). The other parts of the pancreas are the body and the tail. Its upper border is overlapped by the superior part of the duodenum and its lower overlaps the horizontal part; its right and left borders overlap in front, and insinuate themselves behind, the descending and ascending parts of the duodenum respectively. [WP,unvetted]. Hagfish and lampreys may have one or more endocrine buds - and later the vertebrate pancreas develop as independent ventral and dorsal buds that eventually fuse to become one organ.[well established][VHOG] @@ -46858,14 +46858,14 @@ https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/pancreas-female/v1.3/assets/3d-vh-f-pancreas.glb https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/pancreas-male/v1.3/assets/3d-vh-m-pancreas.glb - + - + EHDAA2-inferred WP @@ -46905,9 +46905,9 @@ - - - + + + A terminal branch of the left or right common carotid artery which supplies oxygenated blood to to the throat, neck glands, tongue, face, mouth, ear, scalp and dura mater of the meninges[MP]. not homologous to the external carotid of zebrafish (Goodrich, 1958) - http://zfish.nichd.nih.gov/zfatlas/Intro%20Page/comparative.html; check XAO @@ -46940,15 +46940,15 @@ https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=3486863&group_id=76834&atid=1127722 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/13/External_carotid_a.gif - + - + - + @@ -46961,19 +46961,19 @@ - + FMA - + EHDAA2 - + FMA @@ -47277,14 +47277,14 @@ - + - + @@ -47325,11 +47325,11 @@ pericardial cavity - + - + @@ -47342,13 +47342,13 @@ - + FMA - + Wikipedia @@ -48042,7 +48042,7 @@ - + @@ -48074,14 +48074,14 @@ endocardium of ventricle - + - + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Inferring-part-of-relationships @@ -48219,7 +48219,7 @@ - + @@ -48247,14 +48247,14 @@ myocardium of ventricle - + - + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Inferring-part-of-relationships @@ -48735,9 +48735,9 @@ - - - + + + Skeletal element within the mouth (or in some species, upper part of the digestive tract) that is composed of dentine and is used in procuring or masticating food. @@ -48780,34 +48780,34 @@ calcareous tooth http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/14/Teeth_by_David_Shankbone.jpg - + - + - + - + XAO-modified - + ZFA-modified - + cjm @@ -48970,7 +48970,7 @@ - + The second vertebral bone in the vertebral column. Vertebra that is posteriorly adjacent to vertebra 1.[TAO] @@ -49006,14 +49006,14 @@ vertebral bone 2 - + - + FMA @@ -49543,8 +49543,8 @@ - - + + The Pectoralis minor is a thin, triangular muscle, situated at the upper part of the chest, beneath the Pectoralis major. [WP,unvetted]. EHDAA2:0001425 @@ -49570,11 +49570,11 @@ pectoralis minor https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/Pectoralis_minor.png - + - + @@ -49587,14 +49587,14 @@ - + third to fifth ribs near their costal cartilages dbpedia - + medial border and superior surface of the coracoid process of the scapula dbpedia @@ -49636,7 +49636,7 @@ - + The external jugular vein receives the greater part of the blood from the exterior of the cranium and the deep parts of the face, being formed by the junction of the posterior division of the posterior facial with the posterior auricular vein. [WP,unvetted]. Vein which collects blood from the muscles of the head and tongue and the thyroid gland.[AAO] @@ -49662,14 +49662,14 @@ external jugular vein http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/Gray557.png - + - + FMA @@ -49809,8 +49809,8 @@ - - + + A thin musculomebranous barrier that separates the abdominal and thoracic cavities. Often used for breathing control. The diaphragm is a skeletal muscle that is responsible for contraction and expansion of the lungs[GO]. @@ -49850,24 +49850,24 @@ diaphragm - + - + - + PMID:23586979 - + definitional @@ -49929,8 +49929,8 @@ - - + + The anterior jugular vein begins near the hyoid bone by the confluence of several superficial veins from the submaxillary region. It descends between the median line and the anterior border of the Sternocleidomastoideus, and, at the lower part of the neck, passes beneath that muscle to open into the termination of the external jugular, or, in some instances, into the subclavian vein. It varies considerably in size, bearing usually an inverse proportion to the external jugular; most frequently there are two anterior jugulars, a right and left; but sometimes only one. Its tributaries are some laryngeal veins, and occasionally a small thyroid vein. Just above the sternum the two anterior jugular veins communicate by a transverse trunk, the venous jugular arch, which receive tributaries from the inferior thyroid veins; each also communicates with the internal jugular. There are no valves in this vein. [WP,unvetted]. @@ -49950,24 +49950,24 @@ anterior jugular vein http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f8/Gray558.png - + - + - + Wikipedia - + FMA Wikipedia @@ -50017,8 +50017,8 @@ - - + + A paired dermal or endochondral bone that is part of the pectoral girdle. The clavicle may be in contact with the interclavicle or coracoid and forms an attachment site for pectoral musculature. [PHENOSCAPE:ad]. Slender, paired bones of intramembranous origin that invest the anterior margins of the procoracoids.[AAO] @@ -50054,11 +50054,11 @@ clavicle bone https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/59/Pectoral_girdles-en.svg - + - + @@ -50071,14 +50071,14 @@ - + mah ISBN:978-0-12-319060-4 - + from secondary cartilage of fusion ISBN:978-0-12-319060-4 @@ -50154,8 +50154,8 @@ - - + + A superficial vein of the upper limb that communicates with the basilic vein via the median cubital vein at the elbow and is located in the superficial fascia along the anterolateral surface of the biceps brachii muscle. Superiorly the cephalic vein passes between the deltoid and pectoralis major muscles and through the deltopectoral triangle, where it empties into the axillary vein. It is often visible through the skin, and its location in the deltopectoral groove is fairly consistent, making this site a good candidate for cannulation. It is often referred to as the 'House-man's Friend' for this reason and is generally a good place for cannulaton when a large bore cannula needs to be sited. [WP,modified]. EMAPA:25075 @@ -50176,24 +50176,24 @@ cephalic vein http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/ba/Gray574.png - + - + - + FMA/obol - + FMA/obol @@ -50230,9 +50230,9 @@ - - - + + + The sternohyoid muscle is a thin, narrow muscle attaching the hyoid bone to the sternum, one of the paired strap muscles of the infrahyoid muscles serving to depress the hyoid bone. It is innervated by the ansa cervicalis. The muscle arises from the posterior border of the medial end of the clavicle, the posterior sternoclavicular ligament, and the upper and posterior part of the manubrium sterni. Passing upward and medially, it is inserted by short tendinous fibers into the lower border of the body of the hyoid bone. [WP,unvetted]. The sternohyoid is a somitic muscle that participates in oral/pharyngeal behaviors and is innervated by the cervical plexus; it attaches to the hyoid appratus and the sternum.[FEED] @@ -50259,15 +50259,15 @@ sternohyoid muscle https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/67/Sternohyoid_muscle.PNG - + - + - + @@ -50280,21 +50280,21 @@ - + inferred dbpedia - + manubrium of sternum dbpedia - + dbpedia @@ -50362,8 +50362,8 @@ - - + + The omohyoid muscle is a muscle at the front of the neck that consists of two bellies separated by an intermediate tendon. It belongs to the group of infrahyoid muscles. [WP,unvetted]. The omohyoid is a somitic muscle that participates in oral/pharyngeal behaviors and is innervated by the cervical plexus; it attaches to the hyoid appratus and the scapula.[FEED] @@ -50386,11 +50386,11 @@ omohyoid muscle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b0/Gray1210.png - + - + @@ -50403,14 +50403,14 @@ - + inferred dbpedia - + dbpedia @@ -50465,9 +50465,9 @@ - - - + + + The Sternothyreoideus (or Sternothyroid muscle) is shorter and wider than the Sternohyoideus, beneath which it is situated. It arises from the posterior surface of the manubrium sterni, below the origin of the Sternohyoideus, and from the edge of the cartilage of the first rib, and sometimes that of the second rib, it is inserted into the oblique line on the lamina of the thyroid cartilage. This muscle is in close contact with its fellow at the lower part of the neck, but diverges somewhat as it ascends; it is occasionally traversed by a transverse or oblique tendinous inscription. [WP,unvetted]. The sternothyroid is a somitic muscle that participates in oral/pharyngeal behaviors and is innervated by the cervical plexus; it attaches to the thyroid cartilage and the sternum.[FEED] @@ -50492,15 +50492,15 @@ sternothyroid muscle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/10/Sternothyroideus.png - + - + - + @@ -50513,20 +50513,20 @@ - + inferred dbpedia - + dbpedia - + dbpedia @@ -50588,9 +50588,9 @@ - - - + + + The thyrohyoid muscle is a small, quadrilateral muscle appearing like an upward continuation of the Sternothyreoideus. It belongs to the infrahyoid muscles group. It arises from the oblique line on the lamina of the thyroid cartilage, and is inserted into the lower border of the greater cornu of the hyoid bone. [WP,unvetted]. The thyrohyoid is a somitic muscle that participates in oral/pharyngeal behaviors and is innervated by C1 and Cranial Nerve XII ; it attaches to the thyroid cartilage and the hyoid apparatus.[FEED] @@ -50613,15 +50613,15 @@ thyrohyoid muscle https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Thyrohyoid_muscle.PNG - + - + - + @@ -50634,21 +50634,21 @@ - + first cervical nerve via hypoglossal nerve dbpedia - + first cervical nerve via hypoglossal nerve dbpedia - + dbpedia @@ -50716,8 +50716,8 @@ - - + + @@ -50729,10 +50729,10 @@ - - - - + + + + The respiratory muscles that arise from the lower border of one rib and insert into the upper border of the adjoining rib. Inspiration by active expansion of the thorax evolved later, in the ancestor of reptiles, birds, and mammals. This was powered originally by the intercostal muscles (as in lizards or crocodilians) and later (in mammals only) by a muscular diaphragm.[well established][VHOG] BTO:0005281 @@ -50762,45 +50762,45 @@ intercostal muscle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Gray411.png - + - + - + - + - + dbpedia - + EHDAA2 - + ribs 1-11 dbpedia - + ribs 2-12 dbpedia @@ -50845,18 +50845,18 @@ - - + + - - - - + + + + The latissimus dorsi is the larger, flat, dorso-lateral muscle on the trunk, posterior to the arm, and partly covered by the trapezius on its median dorsal region. [WP,unvetted]. In humans it inserts along a roughened line deep in the groove. In other mammals (most, I believe) it is an actual projection, the latissimus dorsi process [FEED:rd] [https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/1192] @@ -50886,66 +50886,66 @@ latissimus dorsi muscle https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7d/Latissimus_dorsi.png - + - + - + - + - + - + - + EHDAA2 - + EHDAA2 - + spinous processes of thoracic T7-T12 thoracolumbar fascia iliac crest and inferior 3 or 4 ribs inferior angle of scapula dbpedia - + floor of intertubercular groove of the humerus dbpedia - + dbpedia - + dbpedia @@ -51266,7 +51266,7 @@ - + The caudate lobe (posterior hepatic segment I, Spigelian lobe) is situated upon the postero-superior surface of the liver on the right lobe of the liver, opposite the tenth and eleventh thoracic vertebrae. It is bounded on the left side by the physiological division of the liver called the ligamentum venosum. It is bounded, below, by the porta; on the right, by the fossa for the inferior vena cava; and, on the left, by the fossa for the ductus venosus. It looks backward, being nearly vertical in position; it is longer from above downward than from side to side, and is somewhat concave in the transverse direction. The caudate process is a small elevation of the hepatic substance extending obliquely and laterally, from the lower extremity of the caudate lobe to the under surface of the right lobe. It is situated behind the porta, and separates the fossa for the gall-bladder from the commencement of the fossa for the inferior vena cava. Budd-Chiari syndrome, caused by occlusion of hepatic venous outflow, can lead to hypertrophy of the caudate lobe due to its own caval anastomosis that allows for continued function of this lobe of the liver. [WP,unvetted]. Check left vs right in mouse and human The portion of the right lobe of the liver between the fissure of the ligamentum venosum and the bare area of the liver. It ends into the superior recess of the lesser peritoneal sac. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG] @@ -51304,7 +51304,7 @@ https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/liver-female/v1.2/assets/3d-vh-f-liver.glb https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/liver-male/v1.2/assets/3d-vh-m-liver.glb - + @@ -51317,7 +51317,7 @@ - + FMA @@ -51420,7 +51420,7 @@ - + A lobe of tissue that is part of a thyroid gland. Thus, a thyroid capable of forming iodotyrosines and iodothyronines is present in all vertebrates. (...) Certain morphologic changes occur after the biochemical evolution of the thyroid has ceased. In the adult lamprey and in most bony fishes, the gland is not encapsulated. (...) In cartilaginous fish, the thyroid is encapsulated. In the higher vertebrate forms, the thyroid is a one- or two-lobed encapsulated structure.[well established][VHOG] EHDAA2:0002032 @@ -51443,14 +51443,14 @@ lobe of thyroid gland http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/Gray1174.png - + - + FMA-abduced-lr @@ -51626,9 +51626,9 @@ - - - + + + The Longus colli muscle is a muscle of the human body. The Longus colli is situated on the anterior surface of the vertebral column, between the atlas and the third thoracic vertebra. It is broad in the middle, narrow and pointed at either end, and consists of three portions, a superior oblique, an inferior oblique, and a vertical. The superior oblique portion arises from the anterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the third, fourth, and fifth cervical vertebræ and, ascending obliquely with a medial inclination, is inserted by a narrow tendon into the tubercle on the anterior arch of the atlas. The inferior oblique portion, the smallest part of the muscle, arises from the front of the bodies of the first two or three thoracic vertebræ; and, ascending obliquely in a lateral direction, is inserted into the anterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the fifth and sixth cervical vertebræ. The vertical portion arises, below, from the front of the bodies of the upper three thoracic and lower three cervical vertebræ, and is inserted into the front of the bodies of the second, third, and fourth cervical vertebræ. [WP,unvetted]. EMAPA:37654 FMA:13370 @@ -51648,35 +51648,35 @@ longus colli muscle https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a6/Longus_colli.png - + - + - + - + FMA-modified - + Transverse processes of C-5 to T-3 dbpedia - + dbpedia @@ -51730,9 +51730,9 @@ - - - + + + The Scalenus medius, the largest and longest of the three scalene muscles, arises from the posterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the lower six cervical vertebræ. It descendes along the side of the vertebral column to insert by a broad attachment into the upper surface of the first rib, between the tubercle and the subclavian groove. The brachial plexus and the subclavian artery pass anterior to it. Because it elevates the upper ribs, the middle scalene muscle is also one of the accessory muscles of respiration. [WP,unvetted]. EMAPA:37738 @@ -51754,35 +51754,35 @@ scalenus medius https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fa/Scalenus_medius.png - + - + - + - + Ventral rami of the third to eighth cervical spinal nerves dbpedia - + dbpedia - + dbpedia @@ -51825,7 +51825,7 @@ - + The Scalenus posterior (Scalenus posticus), the smallest and most deeply seated of the three Scaleni, arises, by two or three separate tendons, from the posterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the lower two or three cervical vertebræ, and is inserted by a thin tendon into the outer surface of the second rib, behind the attachment of the serratus ventralis. It is occasionally blended with the Scalenus medius. [WP,unvetted]. EMAPA:37737 @@ -51846,14 +51846,14 @@ scalenus posterior https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f3/Scalenus_posterior.png - + - + transverse processes of C4 - C6 dbpedia @@ -51914,11 +51914,11 @@ - - - - - + + + + + The serratus ventralis is a muscle that originates on the surface of the upper eight or nine ribs at the side of the chest and inserts along the entire anterior length of the medial border of the scapula. [WP,unvetted]. EHDAA2:0001832 @@ -51945,57 +51945,57 @@ serratus ventralis https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c6/Serratus_anterior.png - + - + - + - + - + - + long thoracic nerve dbpedia - + EHDAA2 - + fleshy slips from the outer surface of upper 8 or 9 ribs dbpedia - + costal aspect of medial margin of the scapula dbpedia - + dbpedia @@ -52044,7 +52044,7 @@ - + The serratus dorsalis superior is a thin, quadrilateral muscle, situated at the upper and back part of the thorax. It arises by a thin and broad aponeurosis from the lower part of the ligamentum nuchae, from the spinous processes of the seventh cervical and upper two or three thoracic vertebræ and from the supraspinal ligament. Inclining downward and lateralward it becomes muscular, and is inserted, by four fleshy digitations, into the upper borders of the second, third, fourth, and fifth ribs, a little beyond their angles. [WP,unvetted]. EMAPA:37698 FMA:13401 @@ -52063,7 +52063,7 @@ serratus dorsalis superior muscle - + @@ -52076,7 +52076,7 @@ - + C7 thru T3 in human dbpedia @@ -52123,7 +52123,7 @@ - + A muscle that originates from the vertebrae and inserts in the ribs. EMAPA:37697 FMA:13402 @@ -52144,7 +52144,7 @@ serratus dorsalis inferior muscle https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Serratus_posterior.PNG - + @@ -52157,7 +52157,7 @@ - + T11 through L2 in human dbpedia @@ -52206,14 +52206,14 @@ - + - + A paired muscle in the superficial layers of the anterior portion of the neck. It acts to flex and rotate the head. It also acts as an accessory muscle of inspiration, along with the scalene muscles of the neck. [WP,unvetted]. TODO: sternocleidomastoid = sternomastoid + Cleidomastoideus. Origin: from manubrium sterni (sterno) and clavicle (cleido) and it's insertion at the mastoid process of the temporal bone. @@ -52252,25 +52252,25 @@ http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/61/Gray512.png http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f9/Gray512.svg - + - + - + sensory: cervical plexus dbpedia - + manubrium sterni medial portion of the clavicle dbpedia @@ -52391,8 +52391,8 @@ - - + + @@ -52405,7 +52405,7 @@ - + The subscapularis is a large triangular muscle which fills the subscapular fossa and inserts into the lesser tubercle of the humerus and the front of the capsule of the shoulder-joint. [WP,unvetted]. EHDAA2:0001943 @@ -52430,34 +52430,34 @@ http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Gray411.png - + - + - + - + Wikipedia - + EHDAA2 - + lesser tubercle of humerus dbpedia @@ -52511,7 +52511,7 @@ - + @@ -52577,14 +52577,14 @@ vertebral column - + - + cjm @@ -52770,14 +52770,14 @@ - + - + The parathyroid gland is an endocrine gland for secretion of parathyroid hormone, usually found as a pair, embedded in the connective tissue capsule on the posterior surface of the thyroid gland. Parathyroid regulates calcium and phosphorous metabolism. Any one of several small structures, usually four, attached to the dorsal surfaces of the lateral lobes of the thyroid gland. [TFD][VHOG] Either of the two pairs of small, spherical, encapsulated glands which develop from ventral growths of the third and fourth pharyngeal pouches and are closely associated with the external jugular veins. Calcitonin and parathyroid hormone are secreted by these glands.[AAO] @@ -52813,24 +52813,24 @@ parathyroid gland - + - + - + PMID:16313389 - + Wikipedia @@ -53391,7 +53391,7 @@ - + Simple squamous epithelium of mesodermal origin which lines serous membranes. Examples: mesothelium of pleura, mesothelium of peritoneum[FMA]. Wikipedia: The mesothelium is a membrane that forms the lining of several body cavities: the pleura (thoracal cavity), peritoneum (abdominal cavity including the mesentery) and pericardium (heart sac). Mesothelial tissue also surrounds the male internal reproductive organs (the tunica vaginalis testis) and covers the internal reproductive organs of women (the tunica serosa uteri). AEO:0000111 BTO:0002422 @@ -53416,14 +53416,14 @@ mesothelium http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/25/Mesothelium_peritoneal_wash_high_mag.jpg - + - + FMA @@ -53538,7 +53538,7 @@ - + In anatomy, the superior mesenteric vein (SMV) is a blood vessel that drains blood from the small intestine. At its termination behind the neck of the pancreas, the SMV combines with the splenic vein to form the hepatic portal vein. The SMV lies to the right of the similarly named artery, the superior mesenteric artery, which originates from the abdominal aorta. [WP,unvetted]. BTO:0002783 @@ -53562,14 +53562,14 @@ http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/33/Gray591.png https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/blood-vasculature-female/v1.3/assets/3d-vh-f-blood-vasculature.glb - + - + Wikipedia:Vitelline_vein @@ -53605,7 +53605,7 @@ - + A vein that drains the pelvis and lower limbs into the inferior vena cava. In human anatomy, the common iliac veins are formed by the external iliac veins and internal iliac veins and together, in the abdomen at the level of the fifth lumbar vertebrae, form the inferior vena cava. They drain blood from the pelvis and lower limbs. Both common iliac veins are accompanied along their course by common iliac arteries. @@ -53628,7 +53628,7 @@ https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/blood-vasculature-male/v1.3/assets/3d-vh-m-blood-vasculature.glb https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Iliac_veins.gif - + @@ -53641,7 +53641,7 @@ - + FMA-abduced-lr @@ -53938,7 +53938,7 @@ - + Vein that carries blood away from the liver[ZFA]. todo - add developmental relationships for other taxa @@ -53969,14 +53969,14 @@ hepatic vein http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/61/Gray1121.png - + - + FMA-abduced-lr @@ -54569,8 +54569,8 @@ - - + + The tail of the pancreas, located anatomically left near the hilum of the spleen, is not simply an anatomical distinction. The tail is the only part of the pancreas which contains Pancreatic Polypeptide (PP) cells, which are responsible for secreting pancreatic polypeptide to coordinate exocrine and islet enzyme release. PP cells are found in the tail's periphery. Beta cells and delta cells are found in the central part of the tail as with the rest of the pancreas. The cells described above are located exclusively in the islet cells; their secretions reach exocrine portions of the pancreas via the capillary network surrounding the islet cell populations. [WP,unvetted]. Hagfish and lampreys may have one or more endocrine buds - and later the vertebrate pancreas develop as independent ventral and dorsal buds that eventually fuse to become one organ.[well established][VHOG] @@ -54596,24 +54596,24 @@ https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/pancreas-female/v1.3/assets/3d-vh-f-pancreas.glb https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/pancreas-male/v1.3/assets/3d-vh-m-pancreas.glb - + - + - + FMA - + EHDAA2 @@ -54691,7 +54691,7 @@ - + @@ -54727,7 +54727,7 @@ http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/48/Illu_liver_gallbladder.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/Digestive_system_showing_bile_duct.png - + @@ -54740,7 +54740,7 @@ - + EHDAA2 @@ -54788,15 +54788,15 @@ - - + + - + @@ -54847,34 +54847,34 @@ https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/large-intestine-female/v1.3/assets/3d-sbu-f-large-intestine.glb https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/large-intestine-male/v1.3/assets/3d-sbu-m-large-intestine.glb - + - + - + - + EHDAA2 - + Wikipedia - + Wikipedia @@ -54964,8 +54964,8 @@ - - + + A blind-ended tube connected to the cecum, from which it develops embryologically[WP]. @@ -55010,24 +55010,24 @@ https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/large-intestine-female/v1.3/assets/3d-sbu-f-large-intestine.glb https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/large-intestine-male/v1.3/assets/3d-sbu-m-large-intestine.glb - + - + - + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1572-1316 - + Wikipedia @@ -55093,7 +55093,7 @@ - + @@ -55148,7 +55148,7 @@ colon - + @@ -55162,7 +55162,7 @@ - + FMA @@ -55227,7 +55227,7 @@ - + Section of colon which is distal to the cecum and proximal to the transversecolon.[FMA,modified]. in MA, this is a subclass of colon @@ -55257,7 +55257,7 @@ https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/large-intestine-female/v1.3/assets/3d-sbu-f-large-intestine.glb https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/large-intestine-male/v1.3/assets/3d-sbu-m-large-intestine.glb - + @@ -55270,7 +55270,7 @@ - + Wikipedia @@ -55327,7 +55327,7 @@ - + The proximal-distal subdivision of colon that runs transversely across the upper part of the abdomen, from the right to the left colic flexure. Continuous with the descending colon[BTO,modified]. BTO:0000272 @@ -55355,7 +55355,7 @@ https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/large-intestine-female/v1.3/assets/3d-sbu-f-large-intestine.glb https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/large-intestine-male/v1.3/assets/3d-sbu-m-large-intestine.glb - + @@ -55368,7 +55368,7 @@ - + Wikipedia @@ -55412,7 +55412,7 @@ - + The portion of the colon between the left colic flexure and the sigmoid colon at the pelvic brim; the portion of the descending colon lying in the left iliac fossa is sometimes called the iliac colon. BTO:0000641 @@ -55440,7 +55440,7 @@ https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/large-intestine-female/v1.3/assets/3d-sbu-f-large-intestine.glb https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/large-intestine-male/v1.3/assets/3d-sbu-m-large-intestine.glb - + @@ -55453,7 +55453,7 @@ - + Wikipedia @@ -55496,7 +55496,7 @@ - + The part of the large intestine that is closest to the rectum and anus. It forms a loop that averages about 40 cm. in length, and normally lies within the pelvis, but on account of its freedom of movement it is liable to be displaced into the abdominal cavity. BTO:0000645 @@ -55528,7 +55528,7 @@ https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/large-intestine-female/v1.3/assets/3d-sbu-f-large-intestine.glb https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/large-intestine-male/v1.3/assets/3d-sbu-m-large-intestine.glb - + @@ -55541,7 +55541,7 @@ - + Wikipedia @@ -55784,7 +55784,7 @@ - + @@ -55821,14 +55821,14 @@ cardia of stomach https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/33/Illu_stomach.jpg - + - + ISBN:0073040584 @@ -55984,7 +55984,7 @@ - + @@ -56038,7 +56038,7 @@ pyloric antrum http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/31/Gray1046.svg - + @@ -56051,7 +56051,7 @@ - + Wikipedia @@ -56554,7 +56554,7 @@ - + @@ -56571,7 +56571,7 @@ portal lobule - + @@ -56584,7 +56584,7 @@ - + MA MP @@ -56608,7 +56608,7 @@ - + @@ -56634,14 +56634,14 @@ UBERON:0001172 hepatic acinus - + - + cjm @@ -56876,10 +56876,10 @@ - - - - + + + + @@ -56908,19 +56908,19 @@ common hepatic duct http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/48/Illu_liver_gallbladder.jpg - + - + - + - + @@ -56933,25 +56933,25 @@ - + MA - + Wikipedia - + Wikipedia - + definitional @@ -57214,7 +57214,7 @@ - + @@ -57256,14 +57256,14 @@ peritoneal cavity - + - + Wikipedia @@ -57322,8 +57322,8 @@ - - + + classified as a cavity in EHDAA2, organ segment in FMA. We hedge and use a union UBERON:0006299 EHDAA2:0001958 @@ -57342,24 +57342,24 @@ UBERON:0001180 superior recess of lesser sac - + - + - + EMAPA - + EHDAA2 @@ -60248,14 +60248,14 @@ - + - + The protruding lymphoid tissue located on the mucosa of the intestine that is composed of densely packed B cell follicles. Reptiles have accumulations of lymphocytes in their guts that may be primitive Peyer's patches (Zapata and Solas). @@ -60283,11 +60283,11 @@ Peyer's patch - + - + @@ -60301,13 +60301,13 @@ - + EDITOR_NOTE check this - + PMID:PMID:20181529 @@ -60386,8 +60386,8 @@ - - + + A compound tubular submucosal gland found in that portion of the duodenum which is above the hepatopancreatic sphincter (Sphincter of Oddi). The main function of these glands is to produce a mucus-rich alkaline secretion (containing bicarbonate)[WP]. currently defined as equivalent to any submucosal gland in the duodenum. Said to be absent outside mammlian (Andrew 1959) but Ziswiler and Farner (1972) noted similar glands at the gastroduodenal junction of some birds @@ -60413,11 +60413,11 @@ duodenal gland - + - + @@ -60430,13 +60430,13 @@ - + FMA, modified - + unclear for Aves ISBN:9780521617147 @@ -60491,7 +60491,7 @@ - + @@ -60543,7 +60543,7 @@ intestinal villus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/38/Small_intestine_low_mag.jpg - + @@ -60556,7 +60556,7 @@ - + ZFA @@ -60652,7 +60652,7 @@ - + The pancreatic veins consist of several small vessels which drain the body and tail of the pancreas, and open into the trunk of the great pancreatic vein. [WP,unvetted]. see also MA:0002165 ! lieno-pancreatic vein @@ -60670,14 +60670,14 @@ pancreatic tributary of splenic vein - + - + FMA/obol @@ -60728,7 +60728,7 @@ - + A blood vessel that drains blood from the large intestine that usually terminates when reaching the splenic vein, which goes on to form the portal vein with the superior mesenteric vein (SMV). Anatomical variations include the IMV draining into the confluence of the SMV and splenic vein and the IMV draining in the SMV. The IMV lies to the right of the similarly name artery, the inferior mesenteric artery, which originates from the abdominal aorta. [WP,unvetted]. BTO:0002782 @@ -60752,14 +60752,14 @@ http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/33/Gray591.png https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/blood-vasculature-male/v1.3/assets/3d-vh-m-blood-vasculature.glb - + - + FMA/obol @@ -60811,7 +60811,7 @@ - + A tributary of the superior mesenteric vein that drains the jejunum. EMAPA:37160 @@ -60825,7 +60825,7 @@ jejunal vein http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/33/Gray591.png - + @@ -60838,7 +60838,7 @@ - + FMA/obol @@ -60891,7 +60891,7 @@ - + The veins that drain blood from the ileum into the superior mesenteric vein. EMAPA:37149 @@ -60905,14 +60905,14 @@ ileal vein - + - + FMA Wikipedia @@ -61099,9 +61099,9 @@ - - - + + + An abdominal muscle that inserts on the last rib and transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae. It is irregular and quadrilateral in shape, and broader below than above. EMAPA:18524 FMA:15569 @@ -61117,36 +61117,36 @@ quadratus lumborum http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/de/Gray1124.png - + - + - + - + Last rib and transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae dbpedia - + Last rib and transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae dbpedia - + Last rib and transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae dbpedia @@ -61190,7 +61190,7 @@ - + The lateral abdominal wall muscle that is deep to the internal oblique. One of a pair of transverse abdominal muscles that is the anterolateral muscle of the abdomen, lying immediately under the internal abdominal oblique. [TFD][VHOG] @@ -61227,7 +61227,7 @@ transversus abdominis muscle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/32/Illu_trunk_muscles.jpg - + @@ -61240,7 +61240,7 @@ - + dbpedia @@ -61483,14 +61483,14 @@ - + - + @@ -61542,24 +61542,24 @@ renal pelvis https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/Illu_kidney2.jpg - + - + - + MA - + FMA @@ -61605,7 +61605,7 @@ - + @@ -61642,14 +61642,14 @@ https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/kidney-male-right/v1.3/assets/3d-vh-m-kidney-r.glb https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/69/Illu_kidney.jpg - + - + FMA @@ -61843,7 +61843,7 @@ - + @@ -61891,14 +61891,14 @@ renal corpuscle https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/22/Renal_corpuscle.svg - + - + MA ZFA @@ -61999,7 +61999,7 @@ - + @@ -62045,14 +62045,14 @@ glomerular capsule http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/30/Gray1130.svg - + - + Wikipedia @@ -62151,11 +62151,11 @@ - + - - + + @@ -62194,7 +62194,7 @@ nephron tubule - + @@ -62203,18 +62203,18 @@ - + - + - + GO MA ZFA @@ -62228,13 +62228,13 @@ - + ZFA - + checkme @@ -62275,7 +62275,7 @@ - + @@ -62323,14 +62323,14 @@ collecting duct of renal tubule - + - + checkme GO @@ -62680,9 +62680,9 @@ - - - + + + @@ -62725,34 +62725,34 @@ adrenal medulla http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5c/Gray1185.png - + - + - + - + FMA - + FMA - + Wikipedia @@ -63830,7 +63830,7 @@ - + @@ -63862,7 +63862,7 @@ interlobular bile duct - + @@ -63876,7 +63876,7 @@ - + FMA MA MP @@ -63922,7 +63922,7 @@ - + @@ -63957,14 +63957,14 @@ https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/liver-female/v1.2/assets/3d-vh-f-liver.glb https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/liver-male/v1.2/assets/3d-vh-m-liver.glb - + - + MA @@ -64101,8 +64101,8 @@ - - + + @@ -64137,25 +64137,25 @@ spleen lymphoid follicle - + - + - + CL:tm MA - + FMA @@ -64400,7 +64400,7 @@ - + An adventitia that is part of a ureter. EMAPA:28114 FMA:15892 @@ -64416,14 +64416,14 @@ UBERON:0001252 adventitia of ureter - + - + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Inferring-part-of-relationships @@ -64467,7 +64467,7 @@ - + A lamina propria that is part of a ureter [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:28841 @@ -64484,14 +64484,14 @@ lamina propria of ureter - + - + true https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Inferring-part-of-relationships @@ -64601,8 +64601,8 @@ - - + + Distensible musculomembranous organ situated in the anterior part of the pelvic cavity in which urine collects before excretion[MP]. @@ -64649,11 +64649,11 @@ https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/urinary-bladder-male/v1.2/assets/3d-vh-m-urinary-bladder.glb https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/30/Urinary_system.svg - + - + @@ -64666,13 +64666,13 @@ - + FMA - + upper part of UG sinus @@ -65170,7 +65170,7 @@ - + A serous membrane that is part of a urinary bladder [Automatically generated definition]. TODO - check serosa/peritoneum EMAPA:28661 @@ -65193,14 +65193,14 @@ UBERON:0001260 serosa of urinary bladder - + - + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Inferring-part-of-relationships @@ -65489,7 +65489,7 @@ - + @@ -65521,14 +65521,14 @@ pancreatic acinus - + - + FMA @@ -65577,9 +65577,9 @@ - - - + + + An endoderm derived structure that produces precursors of digestive enzymes and blood glucose regulating hormones[GO]. @@ -65626,34 +65626,34 @@ https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/pancreas-male/v1.3/assets/3d-vh-m-pancreas.glb https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7e/Blausen_0699_PancreasAnatomy2.png - + - + - + - + PMID:16417468 - + Wikipedia - + Wikipedia @@ -65718,7 +65718,7 @@ - + A trabecula that is part of a spleen. EMAPA:35808 @@ -65736,14 +65736,14 @@ trabecula of spleen - + - + FMA @@ -65772,7 +65772,7 @@ - + A structure found in the red pulp of the spleen between the sinusoids, consisting of fibrils and connective tissue cells with a large population of monocytes and macrophages. These cords contain half of the human body's monocytes as a reserve so that after tissue injury these monocytes can move in and aid locally sourced monocytes in wound healing. Erythrocytes pass through the cords of Billroth before entering the sinusoids. The passage into the sinusoids may be seen as a bottleneck, where erythrocytes need to be flexible in order to pass through. In disorders of erythrocyte shape and/or flexibility, such as hereditary spherocytosis, erythrocytes fail to pass through and get phagocytosed, causing extravascular hemolysis. EMAPA:37752 @@ -65788,14 +65788,14 @@ splenic cord - + - + MA @@ -65950,8 +65950,8 @@ - - + + The acetabulum is a concave surface of the pelvis. The head of the femur meets with the pelvis at the acetabulum, forming the hip joint. There are three bones of the os coxae (hip bone) that come together to form the acetabulum. Contributing a little more than two-fifths of the structure is the ischium, which provides lower and side boundaries to the acetabulum. The ilium forms the upper boundary, providing a little less than two-fifths of the structure of the acetabulum. The rest is formed by the pubis, near the midline. It is bounded by a prominent uneven rim, which is thick and strong above, and serves for the attachment of the acetabular labrum, which reduces its opening, and deepens the surface for formation of the hip joint. At the lower part of the acetabulum is the acetabular notch, which is continuous with a circular depression, the acetabular fossa, at the bottom of the cavity of the acetabulum. The rest of the acetabulum is formed by a curved, crescent-moon shaped surface, the lunate surface, where the joint is made with the head of the femur. Its counterpart in the pectoral girdle is the glenoid fossa.[WP,unvetted]. Cavity for the articulation of the proximal bone of the hind limb.[AAO] During the transformation from the osteolepiform fins to tetrapod limbs, the appendages and girdles underwent a number of radical changes. The pelvic girdle became a weight-bearing structure by evolution of an ischium, a full mesio-ventral contact between the two sides of the girdle, an ilium, and a contact between the vertebral column and the girdle through a sacral rib. Fore- and hindlimbs shifted laterally by reorientation of the glenoid and the acetabulum.[well established][VHOG] @@ -65979,11 +65979,11 @@ acetabular part of hip bone http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/29/Illu_pelvic_girdle.jpg - + - + @@ -65996,13 +65996,13 @@ - + Phenoscape - + FMA @@ -66231,7 +66231,7 @@ - + @@ -66264,7 +66264,7 @@ innominate bone http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8b/Gray341.png - + @@ -66277,7 +66277,7 @@ - + FMA @@ -66372,14 +66372,14 @@ - + - + @@ -66421,24 +66421,24 @@ https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/pelvis-female/v1.3/assets/3d-vh-f-pelvis.glb https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/pelvis-male/v1.3/assets/3d-vh-m-pelvis.glb - + - + - + FMA - + cjm @@ -66536,7 +66536,7 @@ - + @@ -66571,7 +66571,7 @@ https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/pelvis-female/v1.3/assets/3d-vh-f-pelvis.glb https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/pelvis-male/v1.3/assets/3d-vh-m-pelvis.glb - + @@ -66596,7 +66596,7 @@ - + cjm @@ -66664,7 +66664,7 @@ - + @@ -66707,7 +66707,7 @@ https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/pelvis-female/v1.3/assets/3d-vh-f-pelvis.glb https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/pelvis-male/v1.3/assets/3d-vh-m-pelvis.glb - + @@ -66732,7 +66732,7 @@ - + FMA @@ -67186,7 +67186,7 @@ - + @@ -67216,14 +67216,14 @@ liver parenchyma - + - + XAO @@ -67292,7 +67292,7 @@ - + @@ -67342,14 +67342,14 @@ hepatic sinusoid - + - + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Inferring-part-of-relationships @@ -67414,8 +67414,8 @@ - - + + @@ -67458,11 +67458,11 @@ intralobular bile duct - + - + @@ -67475,13 +67475,13 @@ - + FMA - + FMA @@ -67543,9 +67543,9 @@ - - - + + + @@ -67577,15 +67577,15 @@ bile canaliculus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d9/Gray1094.png - + - + - + @@ -67599,19 +67599,19 @@ - + BTO - + FMA - + FMA @@ -67746,15 +67746,15 @@ - - + + - + The basic functional unit of the kidney. its chief function is to regulate the concentration of water and soluble substances like sodium salts by filtering the blood, reabsorbing what is needed and excreting the rest as urine. A nephron eliminates wastes from the body, regulates blood volume and blood pressure, controls levels of electrolytes and metabolites, and regulates blood pH. Its functions are vital to life and are regulated by the endocrine system by hormones such as antidiuretic hormone, aldosterone, and parathyroid hormone.[WP]. kidney terms require review for cross-vertebrate compatibility and developmental relationships. @@ -67787,34 +67787,34 @@ nephron http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/02/Gray1128.png - + - + - + - + FMA - + definitional - + Bgee:AN @@ -67998,15 +67998,15 @@ - - + + - + @@ -68043,15 +68043,15 @@ proximal convoluted tubule http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/02/Gray1128.png - + - + - + @@ -68064,20 +68064,20 @@ - + MA uses subclass GOC:mtg_kidney_jan10 - + GO - + Wikipedia @@ -68243,7 +68243,7 @@ - + @@ -68270,7 +68270,7 @@ descending limb of loop of Henle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/02/Gray1128.png - + @@ -68283,7 +68283,7 @@ - + FMA @@ -68307,9 +68307,9 @@ - - - + + + @@ -68355,15 +68355,15 @@ proximal straight tubule - + - + - + @@ -68376,20 +68376,20 @@ - + MA - + MA uses subclass GOC:mtg_kidney_jan10 - + MA @@ -68537,7 +68537,7 @@ - + @@ -68575,7 +68575,7 @@ distal convoluted tubule https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/21/Kidney_nephron.png - + @@ -68588,7 +68588,7 @@ - + EMAPA GO MA-modified-from-isa @@ -68716,7 +68716,7 @@ - + @@ -68745,14 +68745,14 @@ inner medulla of kidney - + - + GO:0072053 @@ -68813,7 +68813,7 @@ - + @@ -68863,14 +68863,14 @@ endometrium https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/66/Illu_cervix.jpg - + - + FMA @@ -68946,7 +68946,7 @@ - + @@ -68996,14 +68996,14 @@ myometrium https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/66/Illu_cervix.jpg - + - + FMA @@ -69072,7 +69072,7 @@ - + Outer serosa layer of the uterus. TODO - check for parallel structure with peritoneum EMAPA:37792 @@ -69096,14 +69096,14 @@ serosa of uterus https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/66/Illu_cervix.jpg - + - + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Inferring-part-of-relationships @@ -69163,8 +69163,8 @@ - - + + The psoas major is a long fusiform muscle placed on the side of the lumbar region of the vertebral column and brim of the lesser pelvis. It joins the iliacus muscle to form the iliopsoas. In less than 50 per cent of subjects the psoas major is accompanied by the psoas minor. [WP,unvetted]. BTO:0001877 @@ -69184,11 +69184,11 @@ psoas major muscle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e2/Anterior_Hip_Muscles_2.PNG - + - + @@ -69201,14 +69201,14 @@ - + Transverse processes of T12-L5 and the lateral aspects of the discs between them dbpedia - + in the lesser trochanter of the femur dbpedia @@ -69267,7 +69267,7 @@ - + @@ -69297,14 +69297,14 @@ http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/13/Anteriorglanspenis.jpg https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/35/Male_anatomy.png - + - + Bgee:AN @@ -69360,7 +69360,7 @@ - + The external sac of skin that encloses the testes. It is an extension of the abdomen, and in placentals is located between the penis and anus. scrotal In elephants the testes remain in the abdomen @@ -69389,14 +69389,14 @@ http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a6/Scrotum_warm_and_cold.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/3e/HairedHumanScrotum.png/200px-HairedHumanScrotum.png - + - + Wikipedia @@ -69456,14 +69456,14 @@ - + - + @@ -69518,24 +69518,24 @@ epididymis http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c3/Illu_testis_surface.jpg - + - + - + FMA - + Wikipedia @@ -69785,7 +69785,7 @@ - + A spherical aggregation of cells in the ovary that contains a single oocyte[WP,modified]. TODO - align subtypes based on staging, which is taxon-specific @@ -69824,14 +69824,14 @@ http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ca/Human_ovarian_follicle.jpg https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e6/Primary_follicle-4.JPG - + - + Wikipedia @@ -70775,7 +70775,7 @@ - + One the veins that drains the vaginal venous plexus, into the hypogastric veins. [WP,modified]. EMAPA:37796 @@ -70791,14 +70791,14 @@ vaginal vein http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d4/Gray589.png - + - + FMA/obol @@ -70844,7 +70844,7 @@ - + The iliolumbar vein is the vena comitans of the iliolumbar artery. The obturator nerve crosses superficial to it. A single vein is found more commonly than a double vein. It drains vertebral segments four and five. It is closely related to the ascending lumbar vein. [WP,unvetted]. EMAPA:37152 @@ -70863,14 +70863,14 @@ iliolumbar vein http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bd/Gray585.png - + - + FMA/obol @@ -70905,7 +70905,7 @@ - + The obturator vein begins in the upper portion of the adductor region of the thigh and enters the pelvis through the upper part of the obturator foramen, in the obturator canal. It runs backward and upward on the lateral wall of the pelvis below the obturator artery, and then passes between the ureter and the hypogastric artery, to end in the hypogastric vein. It has an anterior and posterior branch (similar to obturator artery). [WP,unvetted]. EMAPA:37677 @@ -70922,14 +70922,14 @@ obturator vein http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bd/Gray585.png - + - + FMA/obol @@ -71053,7 +71053,7 @@ - + The tibial nerve is a branch of the sciatic nerve. The tibial nerve passes through the popliteal fossa to pass below the arch of soleus. In the popliteal fossa the nerve gives off branches to gastrocnemius, popliteus, soleus and plantaris muscles, an articular branch to the knee joint, and a cutaneous branch that will become the sural nerve. The sural nerve is joined by fibres from the common peroneal nerve and runs down the calf to supply the lateral side of the foot. Below the soleus muscle the nerve lies close to the tibia and supplies the tibialis posterior, the flexor digitorum longus and the flexor hallucis longus. The nerve passes into the foot running posterior to the medial malleolus. Here it is bound down by the flexor retinaculum in company with the posterior tibial artery. [WP,unvetted]. EMAPA:36512 @@ -71073,14 +71073,14 @@ tibial nerve http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1a/Gray828.png - + - + FMA WP @@ -71207,7 +71207,7 @@ - + Muscle (organ) which is a part of the pelvis. Examples: levator ani,. @@ -71224,7 +71224,7 @@ muscle of pelvis - + @@ -71236,7 +71236,7 @@ - + FMAdef @@ -71282,7 +71282,7 @@ - + The Levator ani is a broad, thin muscle, situated on the side of the pelvis. It is attached to the inner surface of the side of the lesser pelvis, and unites with its fellow of the opposite side to form the greater part of the floor of the pelvic cavity. It supports the viscera in pelvic cavity, and surrounds the various structures which pass through it. In combination with the Coccygeus muscle, it forms the pelvic diaphragm. [WP,unvetted]. the levator ani muscle acts to lower the tail, in animals that have one EMAPA:19165 @@ -71300,14 +71300,14 @@ levator ani muscle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/63/Gray404.png - + - + inner surface of the side of the lesser pelvis dbpedia @@ -71350,8 +71350,8 @@ - - + + The Coccygeus is a muscle of the pelvic wall (i.e. peripheral to the pelvic floor), situated behind the levator ani and in front of the sacrospinous ligament. It is a triangular plane of muscular and tendinous fibers, arising by its apex from the spine of the ischium and sacrospinous ligament, and inserted by its base into the margin of the coccyx and into the side of the lowest piece of the sacrum. It assists the Levator ani and Piriformis in closing in the back part of the outlet of the pelvis. [WP,unvetted]. EMAPA:37482 @@ -71370,25 +71370,25 @@ coccygeus muscle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/63/Gray404.png - + - + - + sacral nerves: S4 S5 or S3-S4 dbpedia - + Sacrospinous ligament and ischial spine dbpedia @@ -71933,8 +71933,8 @@ - - + + @@ -71962,25 +71962,25 @@ prostatic urethra http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d7/Gray1142.png - + - + - + FMA MA - + FMA @@ -72086,8 +72086,8 @@ - - + + @@ -72123,24 +72123,24 @@ spongiose part of urethra http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d7/Gray1142.png - + - + - + FMA - + FMA @@ -72392,14 +72392,14 @@ - + - + The Dorsal Artery of the Penis ascends between the crus penis and the pubic symphysis, and, piercing the inferior fascia of the urogenital diaphragm, passes between the two layers of the suspensory ligament of the penis, and runs forward on the dorsum of the penis to the glans, where it divides into two branches, which supply the glans and prepuce. On the penis, it lies between the dorsal nerve and deep dorsal vein, the former being on its lateral side. It supplies the integument and fibrous sheath of the corpus cavernosum penis, sending branches through the sheath to anastomose with the deep artery of the penis. [WP,unvetted]. BTO:0005088 @@ -72419,24 +72419,24 @@ dorsal artery of penis http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f6/Gray1155.png - + - + - + BTO - + FMA @@ -72642,7 +72642,7 @@ - + @@ -72687,14 +72687,14 @@ http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/49/Seminiferous_tubule_and_sperm_low_mag.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/Gray1145.png - + - + Wikipedia @@ -72871,7 +72871,7 @@ - + A membrane that surrounds or partially covers the vaginal opening. hymen EMAPA:37795 @@ -72892,14 +72892,14 @@ vaginal hymen http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/26/Gray1229.png - + - + FMA @@ -73162,7 +73162,7 @@ - + @@ -73173,7 +73173,7 @@ - + @@ -73221,7 +73221,7 @@ https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/pelvis-female/v1.3/assets/3d-vh-f-pelvis.glb https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/pelvis-male/v1.3/assets/3d-vh-m-pelvis.glb - + @@ -73234,7 +73234,7 @@ - + FMA @@ -73384,15 +73384,15 @@ - - + + - + A tube running from the outer ear to the middle ear. The human ear canal extends from the pinna to the eardrum and is about 26 mm in length and 7 mm in diameter. consider revisiting superclass after refinement of CARO/EAO, conduit may not be quite correct. tympanic ring, which serves as support for the tympanic membrane, directs invagination of the first pharingeal cleft ectoderm to form the external acoustic meatus (EAM), which provides the outer layer of the membrane[PMID 11237469] @@ -73424,34 +73424,34 @@ external acoustic meatus - + - + - + - + FMA - + PMID:11237469 - + EHDAA2 @@ -73509,7 +73509,7 @@ - + The anus and surrounding regions. Encompasses both internal and external regions, where present. Although all vertebrates have a digestive tract and accessory glands, various parts of this system are not necessarily homologous, analogous, or even present in all species. Therefore, broad comparisons can be best made under the listings of headgut, foregut, midgut, pancreas and biliary system, hindgut.[uncertain][VHOG] EFO:0000847 @@ -73535,14 +73535,14 @@ https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/507 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fb/Gray408.png - + - + cjm @@ -73732,7 +73732,7 @@ - + The medial circumflex femoral artery (internal circumflex artery, medial femoral circumflex artery) is an artery in the upper thigh that helps supply blood to the neck of the femur. [WP,unvetted]. EMAPA:37670 @@ -73749,14 +73749,14 @@ medial circumflex femoral artery http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c5/Circumflex_femoral_arteries.png - + - + FMA @@ -73788,8 +73788,8 @@ - - + + @@ -73826,24 +73826,24 @@ inferior rectal artery http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6d/Gray542.png - + - + - + FMA-abduced-lr - + FMA-abduced-lr @@ -73921,7 +73921,7 @@ - + The perineal artery (superficial perineal artery) arises from the internal pudendal artery, and turns upward, crossing either over or under the Transversus perinæi superficialis, and runs forward, parallel to the pubic arch, in the interspace between the Bulbocavernosus and Ischiocavernosus, both of which it supplies, and finally divides into several posterior scrotal branches which are distributed to the skin and dartos tunic of the scrotum. As it crosses the Transversus perinæi superficialis it gives off the transverse perineal artery which runs transversely on the cutaneous surface of the muscle, and anastomoses with the corresponding vessel of the opposite side and with the perineal and inferior hemorrhoidal arteries. It supplies the Transversus perinæi superficialis and the structures between the anus and the urethral bulb. [WP,unvetted]. EMAPA:37107 @@ -73940,14 +73940,14 @@ perineal artery http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6d/Gray542.png - + - + FMA @@ -73988,8 +73988,8 @@ - - + + @@ -74032,11 +74032,11 @@ cerebrospinal fluid - + - + @@ -74049,13 +74049,13 @@ - + EHDAA2 - + see notes EHDAA2 @@ -74242,7 +74242,7 @@ - + EMAPA:37179 FMA:21246 @@ -74253,14 +74253,14 @@ perineal vein - + - + FMA/obol @@ -74276,7 +74276,7 @@ - + The great saphenous vein (GSV), also greater saphenous vein, is the large (subcutaneous) superficial vein of the leg and thigh. The terms 'safaina' (Greek) and 'el safin' (Arabic) have both been claimed as the origin for the word 'saphenous'. [WP,unvetted]. BTO:0003271 @@ -74300,14 +74300,14 @@ great saphenous vein http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/51/Great_saphenous_vein.png - + - + FMA/obol @@ -74593,9 +74593,9 @@ - - - + + + An adductor muscle that attaches to the femur and the pelvis. In humans, the obturator externus muscle is a flat, triangular muscle, which covers the outer surface of the anterior wall of the pelvis. It is sometimes considered part of the medial compartment of thigh, and sometimes considered part of the gluteal region. [WP,generalized]. Originates on the ventro-lateral pelvic rim and inserts on the ventral aspect of the femur, medial to the insertion of the pectineus.[AAO] the definition generalized to accommodate the AAO class - 'Originates on the ventro-lateral pelvic rim and inserts on the ventral aspect of the femur, medial to the insertion of the pectineus.' [AAO:0010043] @@ -74622,15 +74622,15 @@ obturator externus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/Posterior_Hip_Muscles_1.PNG - + - + - + @@ -74649,20 +74649,20 @@ - + FMA - + obturator foramen and obturatory membrane dbpedia - + trochanteric fossa of femur dbpedia @@ -74749,10 +74749,10 @@ - - - - + + + + The iliacus is a flat, triangular muscle, which fills the iliac fossa. [WP,unvetted]. AAO has iliacus major and minor, both of which attach to ilium and femur - consider grouping these somehow @@ -74774,19 +74774,19 @@ iliacus muscle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e2/Anterior_Hip_Muscles_2.PNG - + - + - + - + @@ -74799,26 +74799,26 @@ - + dbpedia - + dbpedia - + lesser trochanter of femur dbpedia - + dbpedia @@ -74866,10 +74866,10 @@ - - - - + + + + The largest and most superficial of the three gluteal muscles [WP,unvetted]. In humans, it makes up a large portion of the shape and appearance of the buttocks. It is a broad and thick fleshy mass of a quadrilateral shape, and forms the prominence of the nates. Its large size is one of the most characteristic features of the muscular system in humans, connected as it is with the power of maintaining the trunk in the erect posture. The muscle is remarkably coarse in structure, being made up of fasciculi lying parallel with one another and collected together into large bundles separated by fibrous septa. @@ -74893,45 +74893,45 @@ gluteus maximus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/70/Posterior_Hip_Muscles_3.PNG - + - + - + - + - + Gluteal surface of ilium lumbar fascia sacrum sacrotuberous ligament dbpedia - + dbpedia - + dbpedia - + dbpedia @@ -74972,9 +74972,9 @@ - - - + + + One of three gluteal muscles, is a broad, thick, radiating muscle, situated on the outer surface of the pelvis. Its posterior third is covered by the gluteus maximus, its anterior two-thirds by the gluteal aponeurosis, which separates it from the superficial fascia and integument. [WP,unvetted]. A&P heads in rat, single head in humans[DOI:10.1002/ar.22919] EMAPA:19163 @@ -74993,35 +74993,35 @@ gluteus medius http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/70/Posterior_Hip_Muscles_3.PNG - + - + - + - + FMA - + Gluteal surface of ilium under gluteus maximus dbpedia - + Greater trochanter of the femur dbpedia @@ -75057,8 +75057,8 @@ - - + + The psoas minor is a long, slender skeletal muscle that, when present, is placed in front of the psoas major muscle. [WP,unvetted]. BTO:0001878 @@ -75079,11 +75079,11 @@ psoas minor muscle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b2/Gray430.png - + - + @@ -75096,14 +75096,14 @@ - + Lateral surface bodies of T12 and L1 vertebrae and intervening intervertebral disc dbpedia - + pectineal line dbpedia @@ -75139,7 +75139,7 @@ - + @@ -75152,7 +75152,7 @@ - + The Sartorius muscle - the longest muscle in the human body - is a long thin muscle that runs down the length of the thigh. Its upper portion forms the lateral border of the femoral triangle. We do NOT group this AAO class here at this stage until further evidence of shared attachments @@ -75182,25 +75182,25 @@ sartorius muscle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/Sartorius.png - + - + - + femoral nerve dbpedia - + anteromedial surface of the upper tibia in the pes anserinus dbpedia @@ -75258,10 +75258,10 @@ - - - - + + + + The biceps femoris is a muscle of the posterior (the back) thigh. As its name implies, it has two parts, one of which (the long head) forms part of the hamstrings muscle group. [WP,unvetted]. BTO:0003418 @@ -75284,19 +75284,19 @@ biceps femoris http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bc/Biceps_femoris_muscle_long_head.PNG - + - + - + - + @@ -75309,27 +75309,27 @@ - + long head: tibial nerveshort head: common peroneal nerve dbpedia - + dbpedia - + the head of the fibula which articulates with the back of the lateral tibial condyle dbpedia - + the head of the fibula which articulates with the back of the lateral tibial condyle dbpedia @@ -75365,7 +75365,7 @@ - + The semitendinosus is a muscle in the back of the thigh; it is one of the hamstrings. [WP,unvetted]. A&P heads in rat, single head in humans[DOI:10.1002/ar.22919] @@ -75387,7 +75387,7 @@ semitendinosus https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3f/Semitendinosus_muscle.PNG - + @@ -75400,7 +75400,7 @@ - + dbpedia @@ -75506,9 +75506,9 @@ - - - + + + One of the muscles belong to the group consisting of the rectus femoris and the three heads of the vastus (lateralis, medialis, intermedius). The quadriceps is a collective term for the rectus femoris and the three heads of the vastus (lateralis, medialis, intermedius). [Evolution, Fourth_Edition_(2006)_McGraw-Hill, Function, Kardong_KV, Vertebrates:_Comparative_Anatomy, p.391][VHOG] @@ -75542,35 +75542,35 @@ quadriceps femoris http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/57/Illu_lower_extremity_muscles.jpg - + - + - + - + dbpedia - + combined rectus femoris and vastus muscles dbpedia - + tibial tuberosity dbpedia @@ -75641,9 +75641,9 @@ - - - + + + The Rectus femoris muscle is one of the four quadriceps muscles of the human body. (The others are the vastus medialis, the vastus intermedius, and the vastus lateralis. All four combine to form the quadriceps tendon, which inserts into the patella and continues as the patellar ligament. ) The Rectus femoris is situated in the middle of the front of the thigh; it is fusiform in shape, and its superficial fibers are arranged in a bipenniform manner, the deep fibers running straight down to the deep aponeurosis. [WP,unvetted]. BTO:0001564 @@ -75662,35 +75662,35 @@ rectus femoris https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/14/Rectus_femoris.png - + - + - + - + ISBN:0073040584 - + anterior inferior iliac spine and the exterior surface of the bony ridge which forms the iliac portion of the acetabulum dbpedia - + dbpedia @@ -75712,7 +75712,7 @@ - + The Vastus lateralis (Vastus externus) is the largest part of the Quadriceps femoris. It arises by a broad aponeurosis, which is attached to the upper part of the intertrochanteric line, to the anterior and inferior borders of the greater trochanter, to the lateral lip of the gluteal tuberosity, and to the upper half of the lateral lip of the linea aspera; this aponeurosis covers the upper three-fourths of the muscle, and from its deep surface many fibers take origin. A few additional fibers arise from the tendon of the Glutæus maximus, and from the lateral intermuscular septum between the Vastus lateralis and short head of the Biceps femoris. The fibers form a large fleshy mass, which is attached to a strong aponeurosis, placed on the deep surface of the lower part of the muscle: this aponeurosis becomes contracted and thickened into a flat tendon inserted into the lateral border of the patella, blending with the Quadriceps femoris tendon, and giving an expansion to the capsule of the knee-joint. [WP,unvetted]. lateralis @@ -75735,14 +75735,14 @@ vastus lateralis http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/57/Illu_lower_extremity_muscles.jpg - + - + ISBN:0073040584 @@ -75770,9 +75770,9 @@ - - - + + + The vastus medialis, often called the 'teardrop' muscle, is a medially located muscle of the quadriceps. [WP,unvetted]. medialis @@ -75792,34 +75792,34 @@ vastus medialis https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/05/Illu_lower_extremity_muscles.jpg - + - + - + - + ISBN:0073040584 - + dbpedia - + dbpedia @@ -75899,9 +75899,9 @@ - - - + + + An adductor muscle that attaches to the pelvic bone and the femur. In humans, The pectineus muscle is a flat, quadrangular muscle, situated at the anterior part of the upper and medial aspect of the thigh. It can be classified in the medial compartment of thigh (when the function is emphasized) or the anterior compartment of thigh (when the nerve is emphasized). [WP,generalized]. Originates on the lateral border of the ilium and the anterior margin of the pubis. It inserts on the ventral surface of the femoral shaft.[AAO] @@ -75924,15 +75924,15 @@ pectineus muscle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e2/Anterior_Hip_Muscles_2.PNG - + - + - + @@ -75945,21 +75945,21 @@ - + Femoral nerve sometimes obturator nerve dbpedia - + pectineal line - superior pubic ramus dbpedia - + dbpedia @@ -76020,7 +76020,7 @@ - + A muscle that is part of the region of the hindlimb between the pelvis and ankle. see notes on UBERON:0000978 for possible confusion over the term 'leg'. @@ -76047,14 +76047,14 @@ muscle of leg - + - + prolog @@ -76122,7 +76122,7 @@ - + @@ -76176,14 +76176,14 @@ primary motor cortex http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/eb/Ba4.png - + - + MA Wikipedia @@ -76277,11 +76277,11 @@ - - - - - + + + + + A muscle that originates in the upper two-thirds of the lateral surface of the tibia and inserts into the medial cuneiform and first metatarsal bones of the foot. Its acts to invert the foot. It is situated on the lateral side of the tibia; it is thick and fleshy above, tendinous below. This muscle overlaps the anterior tibial vessels and deep peroneal nerve in the upper part of the leg. [WP,unvetted]. The M. tibialis cranialis is a muscle that flexes the tarsometatarsus. It originates on the craniodistal aspect of the femur and proximal tibiotarsus and inserts on the cranial surface of the tarsometarsus[EvoWiki]. BTO:0001382 EFO:0001385 @@ -76307,56 +76307,56 @@ tibialis anterior http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9c/Gray1240.png - + - + - + - + - + - + medial cuneiform and first metatarsal bones of the foot dbpedia - + medial cuneiform and first metatarsal bones of the foot dbpedia - + dbpedia - + dbpedia - + dbpedia @@ -76411,11 +76411,11 @@ - - - - - + + + + + A penniform muscle of the lateral front part of the hindlimb responsible for extension of the digits and dorsiflexion of the ankle. BTO:0000436 @@ -76437,23 +76437,23 @@ extensor digitorum longus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5f/Gray1241.png - + - + - + - + - + @@ -76466,34 +76466,34 @@ - + dbpedia - + Anterior lateral condyle of tibia anterior shaft of fibula and superior of interosseous membrane dbpedia - + Anterior lateral condyle of tibia anterior shaft of fibula and superior of interosseous membrane dbpedia - + Anterior lateral condyle of tibia anterior shaft of fibula and superior of interosseous membrane dbpedia - + Dorsal surface; middle and distal phalanges of lateral four digits dbpedia @@ -76535,8 +76535,8 @@ - - + + A superficial muscle in the lateral compartment of the leg, and acts to evert and plantar flex the ankle. It is situated at the upper part of the lateral side of the leg, and is the most superficial of the three peroneus muscles. It is innervated by the superficial fibular nerve (superficial peroneal nerve). [WP,unvetted]. EMAPA:36253 FMA:22539 @@ -76562,24 +76562,24 @@ fibularis longus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9c/Gray1240.png - + - + - + dbpedia - + dbpedia @@ -76645,24 +76645,24 @@ - - + + - - - + + + - + The most superficial muscle of the triceps surae group, in the posterior portion of the lower hindleg. The most superficial calf muscle in the posterior part of the leg. [TFD][VHOG] @@ -76695,68 +76695,68 @@ gastrocnemius http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8e/Gastrocnemius.png - + - + - + - + - + - + - + FMA - + tibial nerve from the sciatic specifically nerve roots dbpedia - + superior to articular surfaces of lateral condyle of femur and medial condyle of femur dbpedia - + tendo calcaneus into mid-posteior calcaneus dbpedia - + tendo calcaneus into mid-posteior calcaneus dbpedia - + dbpedia @@ -76813,17 +76813,17 @@ - - - - + + + + - + A deep muscle of the triceps surae group, in the superficial posterior compartment of the leg. @@ -76849,56 +76849,56 @@ soleus muscle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/57/Illu_lower_extremity_muscles.jpg - + - + - + - + - + - + FMA - + tibial nerve specifically nerve roots dbpedia - + fibula medial border of tibia dbpedia - + dbpedia - + dbpedia @@ -76986,9 +76986,9 @@ - - - + + + The popliteus muscle in the leg is used to unlock the knee by laterally rotating the femur on the tibia during a closed chain movement (such as one with the foot in contact with the ground). [WP,unvetted]. EMAPA:36240 @@ -77011,35 +77011,35 @@ popliteus muscle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c1/Gray439.png - + - + - + - + dbpedia - + posterior-medial tibia under the tibial condyles dbpedia - + middle facet of the lateral surface of the lateral femoral condyle dbpedia @@ -77083,9 +77083,9 @@ - - - + + + A deep muscle of the posterior compartment of the hindlimb that is innervated by the tibial nerve, arises from the fibula and insets in the distal phalanx of pedal digit 1. EMAPA:37588 @@ -77103,36 +77103,36 @@ flexor hallucis longus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/92/Gray442.png - + - + - + - + tibial nerve S1 and S2 nerve roots dbpedia - + fibula posterior aspect of middle 1/3 dbpedia - + Plantar surface; base of distal phalanx of hallux dbpedia @@ -77173,8 +77173,8 @@ - - + + @@ -77216,24 +77216,24 @@ auditory cortex http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/81/Brodmann_41_42.png - + - + - + MA - + Wikipedia @@ -77929,7 +77929,7 @@ - + A longissimus muscle that lies medial to the longissimus cervicis, between it and the semispinalis capitis. It arises by tendons from the transverse processes of the upper four or five thoracic vertebrae, and the articular processes of the lower three or four cervical vertebrae, and is inserted into the posterior margin of the mastoid process, beneath the splenius capitis and sternocleidomastoid.[WP,unvetted]. BTO:0001649 EMAPA:37650 @@ -77947,14 +77947,14 @@ longissimus capitis http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1f/Longissimus.png - + - + Wikipedia:Mastoid_process @@ -78192,8 +78192,8 @@ - - + + The Semispinalis dorsi (or semispinalis thoracis) consists of thin, narrow, fleshy fasciculi, interposed between tendons of considerable length. It arises by a series of small tendons from the transverse processes of the sixth to the tenth thoracic vertebræ, and is inserted, by tendons, into the spinous processes of the upper four thoracic and lower two cervical vertebrae. [WP,unvetted]. EMAPA:37696 FMA:22828 @@ -78212,11 +78212,11 @@ semispinalis thoracis http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Semispinalis.png - + - + @@ -78229,14 +78229,14 @@ - + transverse processes of the sixth to the tenth thoracic vertebre dbpedia - + spinous processes of the upper four thoracic and lower two cervical vertebrae dbpedia @@ -78291,8 +78291,8 @@ - - + + The semispinalis cervicis (semispinalis colli), thicker than the semispinalis dorsi, arises by a series of tendinous and fleshy fibers from the transverse processes of the upper five or six thoracic vertebræ, and is inserted into the cervical spinous processes, from the axis to the fifth inclusive. The fasciculus connected with the axis is the largest, and is chiefly muscular in structure. [WP,unvetted]. EMAPA:37695 FMA:22829 @@ -78308,11 +78308,11 @@ semispinalis cervicis http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7f/Gray384.png - + - + @@ -78325,14 +78325,14 @@ - + transverse processes of the upper five or six thoracic vertebrae dbpedia - + cervical spinous processes from the axis to the fifth dbpedia @@ -78368,7 +78368,7 @@ - + The Semispinalis capitis (Complexus) is situated at the upper and back part of the neck, deep to the Splenius, and medial to the Longissimus cervicis and capitis. It arises by a series of tendons from the tips of the transverse processes of the upper six or seven thoracic and the seventh cervical vertebræ, and from the articular processes of the three cervical above this. The tendons, uniting, form a broad muscle, which passes upward, and is inserted between the superior and inferior nuchal lines of the occipital bone. The medial part, usually more or less distinct from the remainder of the muscle, is frequently termed the Spinalis capitis; it is also named the Biventer cervicis since it is traversed by an imperfect tendinous inscription. [WP,unvetted]. EMAPA:37694 FMA:22830 @@ -78389,7 +78389,7 @@ semispinalis capitis http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7f/Gray384.png - + @@ -78402,7 +78402,7 @@ - + Transversal process of lower cervical and higher thoracal columna dbpedia @@ -78529,8 +78529,8 @@ - - + + A superficial vein of the upper limb that drain parts of manus and forearm. It originates on the medial (ulnar) side of the dorsal venous network of the manus, and it travels up the base of the forearm and arm. Most of its course is superficial; it generally travels in the subcutaneous fat and other fasciae that lie superficial to the muscles of the upper extremity. Because of this, it is usually visible through the skin. Near the region anterior to the cubital fossa, in the bend of the elbow joint, the basilic vein usually connects with the other large superficial vein of the upper extremity, the cephalic vein, via the median cubital vein. The layout of superficial veins in the forearm is highly variable from person to person, and there are generally a variety of other unnamed superficial veins that the basilic vein communicates with. About halfway up the arm proper (the part between the shoulder and elbow), the basilic vein goes deep, travelling under the muscles. There, around the lower border of the teres major muscle, the anterior and posterior circumflex humeral veins feed into it, just before it joins the brachial veins to form the axillary vein. Along with other superficial veins in the forearm, the basilic vein is a possible site for venipuncture. @@ -78551,24 +78551,24 @@ basilic vein http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e9/Gray576.png - + - + - + FMA/obol - + FMA/obol @@ -78641,8 +78641,8 @@ - - + + A vein that accompanies the brachial artery between the shoulder and the elbow. Vein which collects blood from the forelimb and drains into the subclavian vein.[AAO] @@ -78662,24 +78662,24 @@ brachial vein http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e9/Gray576.png - + - + - + FMA/obol - + FMA/obol @@ -78716,7 +78716,7 @@ - + A vein between the biceps and pronator radii teres muscles that unites with the common ulnar vein to form the basilic vein within the forearm. Merged median cubital and basilic veins on basis of wikipedia synonym - needs verificied @@ -78739,14 +78739,14 @@ median basilic vein http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/ba/Gray574.png - + - + FMA/obol @@ -79137,8 +79137,8 @@ - - + + A vein formed by the confluence of the thoracodorsal and circumflex scapular veins and accompanying the subscapular artery to drain into the axillary vein. EMAPA:37190 @@ -79150,24 +79150,24 @@ subscapular vein - + - + - + FMA/obol - + FMA/obol @@ -79409,7 +79409,7 @@ - + The major preaxial endochondral bone in the anterior zeugopod[Phenoscape]. One of the two long bones of endochondral origin of the fore-epipodium; it is located on the lateral side of the ulna. Its upper end articulates with both the humerus and the ulna, whereas the lower articulates with the carpals.[AAO] @@ -79435,14 +79435,14 @@ Due to the presence of the radius in Tetrpodomorph fish this element is not inherently linked to the presence of digits or flexor musculature. The corresponding bone in the posterior fin/limb is the tibia.[Phenoscape]. In four-legged animals, the radius is the main load-bearing bone of the lower forelimb. Its structure is similar in most terrestrial tetrapods, but it may be fused with the ulna in some mammals (such as horses) and reduced or modified in animals with flippers or vestigial forelimbs [ISBN:0-03-910284-X] radius bone - + - + definitional @@ -79498,7 +79498,7 @@ - + The major postaxial endochondral bone in the anterior zeugopod[Phenoscape]. One of the two long bones of endochondral origin of the fore-epipodium; it is located on the medial (inner) side of the radius. The upper end of the ulna articulates with the lower end of the humerus forming a strong hinge joint with the carpals, whereas the lower articulates with the carpals.[AAO] @@ -79524,14 +79524,14 @@ ulna http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/67/Illu_upper_extremity.jpg - + - + definitional @@ -81077,7 +81077,7 @@ - + @@ -81126,14 +81126,14 @@ UBERON:0001440 forelimb skeleton - + - + FMA @@ -81234,7 +81234,7 @@ - + @@ -81280,14 +81280,14 @@ TOOD - find a home for: FMA:24140 hindlimb skeleton - + - + FMA @@ -81385,7 +81385,7 @@ - + @@ -81424,14 +81424,14 @@ here 'manus' includes both the wrist region, metatarsal region and acropodial region skeleton of manus - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -81507,7 +81507,7 @@ - + Subdivision of trunk proper, which is demarcated from the neck by the plane of the superior thoracic aperture and from the abdomen internally by the inferior surface of the diaphragm and externally by the costal margin and associated with the thoracic vertebral column and ribcage and from the back of the thorax by the external surface of the posterolateral part of the rib cage, the anterior surface of the thoracic vertebral column and the posterior axillary lines; together with the abdomen and the perineum, it constitutes the trunk proper[FMA]. FMA:24216 present in FMA1, but gone in subsequent versions @@ -81545,7 +81545,7 @@ chest http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/db/Chest.jpg - + @@ -81558,7 +81558,7 @@ - + FMA MA @@ -81651,7 +81651,7 @@ - + @@ -81684,14 +81684,14 @@ here 'pes' includes both the ankle region, metatarsals and acropodial region skeleton of pes - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -82334,7 +82334,7 @@ - + @@ -82374,14 +82374,14 @@ navicular bone of pes http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/81/Gray276.png - + - + numbers vary @@ -83543,7 +83543,7 @@ - + The elbow is the region surrounding the elbow-joint-the ginglymus or hinge joint in the middle of the arm. Three bones form the elbow joint: the humerus of the upper arm, and the paired radius and ulna of the forearm. The bony prominence at the very tip of the elbow is the olecranon process of the ulna, and the inner aspect of the elbow is called the antecubital fossa. [WP,unvetted,human-specific]. cubital Naming conventions for pod terms under discussion within phenoscape group @@ -83573,14 +83573,14 @@ elbow https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5c/Elbow_coude.JPG - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -83807,7 +83807,7 @@ - + The hip region is located lateral to the gluteal region (i.e. the buttock), inferior to the iliac crest, and overlying the greater trochanter of the thigh bone. In adults, three of the bones of the pelvis have fused into the hip bone which forms part of the hip region. The hip joint, scientifically referred to as the acetabulofemoral joint (art. coxae), is the joint between the femur and acetabulum of the pelvis and its primary function is to support the weight of the body in both static (e.g. standing) and dynamic (e.g. walking or running) postures. [WP,modified]. The pelvic girdle is never joined by contributions of dermal bone. From its first appearance in placoderms, the pelvic girdle is exclusively endoskeletal. It arose from pterygiophores, perhaps several times, in support of the fin.[well established][VHOG] coxal @@ -83840,14 +83840,14 @@ hip http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9f/Hip.jpg - + - + FMA-modified @@ -83959,7 +83959,7 @@ - + @@ -84000,14 +84000,14 @@ pedal digit http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5e/Toes.jpg - + - + PHENOSCAPE:ni @@ -84099,7 +84099,7 @@ - + @@ -84135,14 +84135,14 @@ shoulder http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/90/Shoulderjoint.PNG - + - + FMA-modified @@ -84199,8 +84199,8 @@ - - + + The joint between adjacent vertebral bodies. May be composed of the nucleus pulposus, annular ligament, and the anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments. FMA has 'intervertebral joint' as a GAT, and has two distinct classes 'intervertebral symphysis' and 'intervertebral syndesmosis', but note that the latter do not connect the centra vertebral joint @@ -84218,11 +84218,11 @@ UBERON:0001468 intervertebral joint - + - + @@ -84235,13 +84235,13 @@ - + FMA - + connects successive pairs of centra @@ -84290,14 +84290,14 @@ - - + + - - + + The sternoclavicular articulation is a double arthrodial joint composed of two portions separated by an articular disc. The parts entering into its formation are the sternal end of the clavicle, the upper and lateral part of the manubrium sterni, and the cartilage of the first rib, visible from the outside as the suprasternal notch. The articular surface of the clavicle is much larger than that of the sternum, and is invested with a layer of cartilage, which is considerably thicker than that on the latter bone. The ligaments of this joint are: Articular capsule Anterior sternoclavicular ligament Posterior sternoclavicular ligament Interclavicular ligament Costoclavicular ligament Articular disk [WP,unvetted]. sternoclavicular EMAPA:19203 @@ -84318,11 +84318,11 @@ sternoclavicular joint http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3f/Gray325.png - + - + @@ -84335,13 +84335,13 @@ - + clavicular notch of the manubrium sterni - + sternal end of the clavicle and first rib @@ -84754,7 +84754,7 @@ - + @@ -84765,7 +84765,7 @@ - + @@ -84816,14 +84816,14 @@ bone element - + - + VSAO-modified @@ -84952,9 +84952,9 @@ - - - + + + @@ -84967,12 +84967,12 @@ - - - - - - + + + + + + A muscle of shoulder which attaches to the scapula, clavicle and humerus.[FMA,generalized]. Muscle which originates as three heads, the pars externalis, pars clavicularis, and pars scapularis. The pars externalis originates from the lateral border of the omosternum and inserts on the distal portion of the humerus. The pars clavicularis originates from the ventro-lateral surface of the clavicle and inserts on the deltoid crest of the humerus. The pars scapularis originates from the lateral surface of the clavicle and inserts on the deltoid crest of the humerus.[AAO] @@ -85004,39 +85004,39 @@ deltoid http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/93/Deltoideus.png - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + @@ -85049,59 +85049,59 @@ - + EHDAA2 - + dbpedia - + EHDAA2 - + FMA - + the anterior border and upper surface of the lateral third of the clavicle acromion spine of the scapula dbpedia - + the anterior border and upper surface of the lateral third of the clavicle acromion spine of the scapula dbpedia - + the anterior border and upper surface of the lateral third of the clavicle acromion spine of the scapula dbpedia - + deltoid tuberosity of humerus dbpedia - + dbpedia @@ -85178,9 +85178,9 @@ - - - + + + The infraspinatus muscle is a thick triangular muscle, which occupies the chief part of the infraspinatous fossa. The infraspinatus is a muscle of the rotator cuff. [WP,unvetted]. The pectoral muscles - the pectoralis major and pectoralis minor - evolved from a primitive muscle sheet that connected the coracoid to the humerus. In late reptilians and early mammals, this muscle structure was displaced dorsally; while most of its components evolved into the pectoralis major, some fibers eventually attached to the scapula and evolved into the supraspinatus, the infraspinatus, and parts of the subscapularis. @@ -85205,35 +85205,35 @@ infraspinatus muscle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/Arm_muscles_back_numbers.png - + - + - + - + Wikipedia - + infraspinous fossa of the scapula dbpedia - + middle facet of greater tubercle of the humerus dbpedia @@ -85282,9 +85282,9 @@ - - - + + + Teres major is a muscle of the upper limb and one of six scapulohumeral muscles. It is a thick but somewhat flattened muscle. [WP,unvetted]. EHDAA2:0002004 @@ -85307,35 +85307,35 @@ teres major muscle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/Arm_muscles_back_numbers.png - + - + - + - + EHDAA2 - + posterior aspect of the inferior angle of the scapula dbpedia - + medial lip of the intertubercular sulcus of the humerus dbpedia @@ -85561,7 +85561,7 @@ - + @@ -85587,14 +85587,14 @@ muscle of shoulder - + - + prolog @@ -85827,7 +85827,7 @@ - + The knee joint joins the thigh with the leg and consists of two articulations: one between the femur and tibia, and one between the femur and patella. It is the largest and most complicated joint in the human body. The knee is a mobile trocho-ginglymus (i.e. a pivotal hinge joint), which permits flexion and extension as well as a slight medial and lateral rotation[WP,unvetted]. EFO:0001957 @@ -85853,14 +85853,14 @@ knee joint http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ca/Knee.agr.jpg - + - + definitional @@ -85910,7 +85910,7 @@ - + @@ -85923,7 +85923,7 @@ - + A synovial joint that connects the femur to the acetbulum of the innominate bone. BTO:0001502 EMAPA:19136 @@ -85946,11 +85946,11 @@ hip joint - + - + @@ -85963,13 +85963,13 @@ - + FMA - + definitional @@ -86306,7 +86306,7 @@ - + A joint that connects the forelimb zeugopod and stylopod skeletons[Obol]. In human anatomy, the elbow joint is a compound joint that actually comprises three separate joints: the joints connecting the upper and lower arm: 1) Articulatio humero-ulnaris and 2) Articulatio humero-radialis as well as the proximal joint connecting the forarm bones: 3) Articulatio radio-ulnaris proximalis EMAPA:19102 @@ -86330,14 +86330,14 @@ elbow joint - + - + definitional @@ -86562,7 +86562,7 @@ - + @@ -86590,14 +86590,14 @@ http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ea/Brachial_plexus_2.svg https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d4/Brachial_plexus.jpg - + - + MA @@ -86809,7 +86809,7 @@ - + @@ -86853,14 +86853,14 @@ https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/blood-vasculature-female/v1.3/assets/3d-vh-f-blood-vasculature.glb https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/blood-vasculature-male/v1.3/assets/3d-vh-m-blood-vasculature.glb - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -86915,7 +86915,7 @@ - + Any muscle organ that is part of a pelvic girdle [Automatically generated definition]. Note that in MA, this is a subclass of pelvis muscle; in FMA this is a hindlimb muscle, but recall in FMA hindlimb includes the girdle. UBERON:0003271 @@ -86936,14 +86936,14 @@ muscle of pelvic girdle - + - + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Inferring-part-of-relationships @@ -87012,7 +87012,7 @@ - + Any muscle organ that is part of a pes [Automatically generated definition]. BTO:0000477 EMAPA:36160 @@ -87027,14 +87027,14 @@ UBERON:0001498 muscle of pes - + - + prolog @@ -87079,7 +87079,7 @@ - + A muscle organ that is part of an arm [Automatically generated definition]. See notes on UBERON:0001460 for possible terminological confusion over term 'arm'. MA uses this consistent with uberon (forelimb muscle is subdivided into shoulder, arm and hand) @@ -87100,14 +87100,14 @@ muscle of arm - + - + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Inferring-part-of-relationships @@ -87170,7 +87170,7 @@ - + Any muscle organ that is part of a manus [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:32644 @@ -87187,14 +87187,14 @@ muscle of manus - + - + prolog @@ -87382,7 +87382,7 @@ - + The dorsal interossei of the hand are muscles that occupy the space between the metacarpals. There are four dorsal interossei in each hand. They are specified as 'dorsal' to contrast them with the palmar interossei, which are located on the anterior side of the metacarpals. The dorsal interosseous muscles are bipennate, with each muscle arising by two heads from the adjacent sides of the metacarpal bones, but more extensively from the metacarpal bone of the finger into which the muscle is inserted. They are inserted into the bases of the proximal phalanges and into the extensor expansion of the corresponding extensor digitorum tendon. The middle digit has two dorsal interossei insert onto it while the first digit (thumb) and the fifth digit (little finger) have none[WP]. EMAPA:37519 FMA:37418 @@ -87401,14 +87401,14 @@ Action: abducts medial digits dorsal interosseous of manus - + - + dbpedia @@ -87514,9 +87514,9 @@ - - - + + + The Coracobrachialis is the smallest of the three muscles that attach to the coracoid process of the scapula. (The other two muscles are pectoralis minor and biceps brachii. ) It is situated at the upper and medial part of the arm. It is perforated by and innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve. [WP,unvetted]. EMAPA:36182 @@ -87538,15 +87538,15 @@ coracobrachialis muscle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/Coracobrachialis.png - + - + - + @@ -87559,20 +87559,20 @@ - + dbpedia - + coracoid process of scapula dbpedia - + medial humerus dbpedia @@ -87621,9 +87621,9 @@ - - - + + + The brachialis (brachialis anticus) is a muscle in the upper arm that flexes the elbow joint. It lies just deep of the biceps brachii, and is a synergist that assists the biceps brachii in flexing at the elbow. It makes up part of the floor of the region known as the cubital fossa. [WP,unvetted]. A muscle of the stylopodium, covering the distal half of the humerus and the anterior part of the elbow joint. It functions to flex the zeugopodium. [TFD][VHOG] @@ -87648,35 +87648,35 @@ brachialis muscle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/87/Brachialis.png - + - + - + - + dbpedia - + anterior surface of the humerus particularly the distal half of this bone dbpedia - + coronoid process and the tuberosity of the ulna dbpedia @@ -87728,11 +87728,11 @@ - - - - - + + + + + A muscle in the forelimb stylopod which in humans has several functions, the most important being to rotate the forearm and to flex the elbow. [WP,unvetted]. biceps BTO:0003419 @@ -87758,58 +87758,58 @@ biceps brachii https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/Biceps_brachii_muscle06.png - + - + - + - + - + - + Musculocutaneous nerve dbpedia - + short head: coracoid process of the scapula. long head: supraglenoid tubercle dbpedia - + short head: coracoid process of the scapula. long head: supraglenoid tubercle dbpedia - + radial tuberosity and bicipittal aponeurosis into deep fascia on medial part of forearm dbpedia - + dbpedia @@ -87880,7 +87880,7 @@ - + @@ -87928,14 +87928,14 @@ https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/blood-vasculature-female/v1.3/assets/3d-vh-f-blood-vasculature.glb https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/blood-vasculature-male/v1.3/assets/3d-vh-m-blood-vasculature.glb - + - + left arch 4 in human embryology.ch @@ -87995,12 +87995,12 @@ - - - - - - + + + + + + The triceps brachii muscle (Latin for 'three-headed' muscle of the arm, it is called a three headed muscle because there are three bundles of muscle, each of different origin, joining together at the elbow) is the large muscle on the back of the human upper limb. It is the muscle principally responsible for extension of the elbow joint (i.e. straightening of the arm). Though a similarly-named muscle, the triceps surae, is found on the lower leg, the triceps brachii is commonly called simply the 'triceps'. [WP,unvetted]. EHDAA2:0002080 @@ -88027,69 +88027,69 @@ triceps brachii https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/83/Triceps_brachii.png - + - + - + - + - + - + - + radial nerve and axillary nerve dbpedia - + radial nerve and axillary nerve dbpedia - + lateral head: posterior humerus dbpedia - + long head: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula dbpedia - + olecranon process of ulna dbpedia - + dbpedia @@ -88417,7 +88417,7 @@ - + @@ -88453,7 +88453,7 @@ https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/blood-vasculature-female/v1.3/assets/3d-vh-f-blood-vasculature.glb https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/blood-vasculature-male/v1.3/assets/3d-vh-m-blood-vasculature.glb - + @@ -88466,7 +88466,7 @@ - + Wikipedia @@ -88605,7 +88605,7 @@ - + @@ -88654,14 +88654,14 @@ abdominal aorta http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/Gray531.png - + - + FMA @@ -88955,11 +88955,11 @@ - - - - - + + + + + The pronator teres is a muscle of the human body (located mainly in the forearm) that, along with the pronator quadratus, serves to pronate the forearm (turning it so the palm faces posteriorly). [WP,unvetted]. EMAPA:36207 FMA:38450 @@ -88976,57 +88976,57 @@ pronator teres http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/87/Pronator-teres.png - + - + - + - + - + - + dbpedia - + humeral head: medial epicondyle of humerus ulnar head: coronoid process of ulna dbpedia - + humeral head: medial epicondyle of humerus ulnar head: coronoid process of ulna dbpedia - + Middle of the lateral surface of the body of the radius dbpedia - + dbpedia @@ -89068,7 +89068,7 @@ - + A muscle of the forearm that acts to flex and abduct the manus. [WP,unvetted]. Muscle which originates on the inner border of the humerus and inserts on the carpus.[AAO] @@ -89089,14 +89089,14 @@ flexor carpi radialis muscle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/59/Flexor-carpi-radialis.png - + - + 2 and 3 in human @@ -89140,8 +89140,8 @@ - - + + The flexor carpi ulnaris muscle (FCU) is a muscle of the human forearm that acts to flex and adduct the manus. [WP,unvetted]. AAO has a class with the same name, the exact insertion point is unclear; consider grouping :Muscle which originates from the medial condyle of the humerus and inserts on the carpus. [AAO:0010734] @@ -89161,25 +89161,25 @@ flexor carpi ulnaris muscle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c1/FCU.png - + - + - + medial epicondyle dbpedia - + dbpedia @@ -89221,9 +89221,9 @@ - - - + + + A muscle in the forearm that flexes the manual digits[WP,modified]. in EMAPA, this is part of the leg, which is presumably a mistake @@ -89243,15 +89243,15 @@ flexor digitorum profundus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/24/Flexor-digitorum-profundis.png - + - + - + @@ -89264,21 +89264,21 @@ - + upper 3/4 of the volar and medial surfaces of the body of the ulna interosseous membrane and deep fascia of the forearm dbpedia - + base of the distal phalanges of the fingers dbpedia - + dbpedia @@ -89319,8 +89319,8 @@ - - + + Extensor carpi radialis longus is one of the five main muscles that control movements at the wrist. This muscle is quite long, starting on the lateral side of the humerus, and attaching to the base of the second metacarpal bone (metacarpal of the index finger). [WP,unvetted]. EMAPA:36189 @@ -89339,25 +89339,25 @@ extensor carpi radialis longus muscle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/75/ECR-longus.png - + - + - + lateral supracondylar ridge dbpedia - + base dbpedia @@ -89393,8 +89393,8 @@ - - + + The Extensor carpi radialis brevis is shorter and thicker than the extensor carpi radialis longus. The longus muscle can be found above the distal end of the Extensor carpi radialis brevis. [WP,unvetted]. EMAPA:36188 @@ -89412,24 +89412,24 @@ extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle - + - + - + dbpedia - + base dbpedia @@ -89465,7 +89465,7 @@ - + @@ -89495,7 +89495,7 @@ http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/25/Extensor_carpi_ulnaris_muscle.png http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5f/Gray418.png - + @@ -89508,7 +89508,7 @@ - + deep part dbpedia @@ -89540,14 +89540,14 @@ - + - + The Abductor pollicis longus lies immediately below the Supinator and is sometimes united with it. [WP,unvetted]. EMAPA:36210 FMA:38515 @@ -89564,24 +89564,24 @@ abductor pollicis longus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/66/Gray1231.png - + - + - + dbpedia - + dbpedia @@ -89797,7 +89797,7 @@ - + @@ -89835,7 +89835,7 @@ common carotid artery plus branches http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e6/Gray506.svg - + @@ -89848,7 +89848,7 @@ - + Wikipedia @@ -89984,8 +89984,8 @@ - - + + A terminal branch of the left or right common carotid artery which supplies oxygenated blood to the brain and eyes[MP]. Each of two arteries starting at the bifurcation of the common carotid arteries through which blood circulates to many structures and organs in the head. [TFD][VHOG] @@ -90024,11 +90024,11 @@ internal carotid artery http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9c/Gray513.png - + - + @@ -90041,13 +90041,13 @@ - + cjm - + FMA @@ -90131,8 +90131,8 @@ - - + + One of two laterally paired arteries that supplies the pectoral appendages, usually branching from the dorsal aorta. Developmental relationships should be added (intersegmental artery and right dorsal aorta in EHDAA2, occipitovertebral artery in XAO) @@ -90170,24 +90170,24 @@ subclavian artery http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e6/Gray506.svg - + - + - + EHDAA2 - + EHDAA2 @@ -90706,7 +90706,7 @@ - + The medial plantar artery (internal plantar artery), much smaller than the lateral, passes forward along the medial side of the foot. It is at first situated above the Abductor hallucis, and then between it and the Flexor digitorum brevis, both of which it supplies. At the base of the first metatarsal bone, where it is much diminished in size, it passes along the medial border of the first toe, anastomosing with the first dorsal metatarsal artery. Small superficial digital branches accompany the digital branches of the medial plantar nerve and join the plantar metatarsal arteries of the first three spaces. [WP,unvetted]. EMAPA:37101 @@ -90726,14 +90726,14 @@ medial plantar artery http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3e/Gray555.png - + - + FMA @@ -90932,7 +90932,7 @@ - + The popliteal vein course runs alongside the popliteal artery but carries the blood from the knee joint and muscles in the thigh and calf back to the heart. Its origin is defined by the junction of the posterior tibial vein and anterior tibial vein. It drains the peroneal vein before reaching the knee joint and turns into the femoral vein when leaving the adductor canal (also known as Hunter's canal). The popliteal artery extends from the femoral artery behind the popliteal fossa which is the space behind the knee. [WP,unvetted]. EMAPA:37181 @@ -90953,14 +90953,14 @@ popliteal vein http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/66/Gray609.png - + - + FMA/obol @@ -90995,8 +90995,8 @@ - - + + A vein of the lower limb that carries blood from the anterior compartment of the leg to the popliteal vein which is forms when it joins with the posterior tibial vein. Like most deep veins, the anterior tibial vein is accompanied by an artery of the same name, the anterior tibial artery, along its course. [WP,unvetted]. @@ -91016,11 +91016,11 @@ anterior tibial vein https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4e/Gray440_color.png - + - + @@ -91033,13 +91033,13 @@ - + FMA/obol - + FMA/obol @@ -91080,8 +91080,8 @@ - - + + A vein of the lower limb carries blood from the posterior compartment and plantar surface of the foot to the popliteal vein which it forms when it joins with the anterior tibial vein. Like most deep veins, the posterior tibial vein is accompanied by an artery of the same name, the posterior tibial artery, along its course. [WP,unvetted]. EMAPA:37183 @@ -91100,11 +91100,11 @@ posterior tibial vein http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c7/Gray583.png - + - + @@ -91117,13 +91117,13 @@ - + FMA/obol - + FMA/obol @@ -91158,7 +91158,7 @@ - + The small saphenous vein (also lesser saphenous vein), is a relatively large vein of the superficial posterior leg. [WP,unvetted]. BTO:0003272 @@ -91180,14 +91180,14 @@ small saphenous vein http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/62/Gray582.png - + - + FMA @@ -91222,7 +91222,7 @@ - + A continuation of the Dorsal venous arch of the foot and is the origin of the short saphenous vein. @@ -91238,14 +91238,14 @@ lateral marginal vein - + - + FMA/obol @@ -91351,7 +91351,7 @@ - + A continuation of the Dorsal venous arch of the foot and is the origin of the long saphenous vein. EMAPA:37170 @@ -91366,14 +91366,14 @@ medial marginal vein - + - + FMA/obol @@ -91410,7 +91410,7 @@ - + The term 'sural veins' is not sufficient to appropriately designate the complex venous system of the calf. This should be designated as soleal veins (venae solealis), the veins of the soleus muscle and gastrocnemius veins (venae gastrocnemii) EMAPA:37231 FMA:44561 @@ -91420,14 +91420,14 @@ UBERON:0001551 vein of hindlimb zeugopod - + - + FMA @@ -91456,7 +91456,7 @@ - + @@ -91479,14 +91479,14 @@ kidney arcuate artery https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/87/2610_The_Kidney.jpg - + - + MA @@ -91663,7 +91663,7 @@ - + A tube extending from the mouth to the anus. @@ -91706,14 +91706,14 @@ digestive tract - + - + NCBIBook:NBK10107 @@ -92026,8 +92026,8 @@ - - + + A group of muscles (or in some classifications, muscle bellies) that are located under the jaw and attach to the base of the cranium and typically attaches to the hyoid apparatus via a common tendon. this class refers to the mereological sum of digastric muscles in an organism (typically two). The digastric muscle (also digastricus) (named digastric as it has two bellies) is a small muscle located under the jaw. It lies below the body of the mandible, and extends, in a curved form, from the mastoid process to the symphysis menti. It belongs to the suprahyoid muscles group. A broad aponeurotic layer is given off from the tendon of the digastricus on either side, to be attached to body and greater cornu of the hyoid bone; this is termed the suprahyoid aponeurosis. Wikipedia:Digastric_muscle]. @@ -92051,11 +92051,11 @@ digastric muscle group http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/26/Digastricus.png - + - + @@ -92068,14 +92068,14 @@ - + anterior belly - mandibular division of the trigeminal via the mylohyoid nerve; posterior belly - facial nerve dbpedia - + Orangutan DOI:10.1007/BF02547558 Intermediate tendon dbpedia @@ -92154,8 +92154,8 @@ - - + + A muscle that arises by four tendinous slips from the transverse processes of the third, fourth, fifth, and sixth cervical vertebrae and inserts into the inferior surface of the basilar part of the occipital bone.[WP,modified]. flexion of neck at atlanto-occipital joint AAO:0010666 @@ -92177,11 +92177,11 @@ longus capitis muscle https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7d/Longus_capitis.png - + - + @@ -92194,14 +92194,14 @@ - + anterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the third fourth fifth and sixth cervical vertebrae dbpedia - + basilar part of the occipital bone dbpedia @@ -92256,8 +92256,8 @@ - - + + The mylohyoid is a pharyngeal arch I muscle that participates in oral/pharyngeal behaviors and is innervated by the nerve to mylohyoid and attaches to the midline raphe linking right and left mylohyoid and the mandible. The mylohyoid is a pharyngeal arch I muscle that participates in oral/pharyngeal behaviors and is innervated by the nerve to mylohyoid and attaches to the midline raphe linking R and L mylohyoid and the mandible.[FEED] @@ -92282,11 +92282,11 @@ mylohyoid muscle https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/92/Mylohyoid_muscle.PNG - + - + @@ -92299,14 +92299,14 @@ - + mylohyoid nerve from inferior alveolar branch of mandibular nerve V3 dbpedia - + body of hyoid bone and median raphe dbpedia @@ -92369,10 +92369,10 @@ - - - - + + + + The geniohyoid is a muscle that attaches to the mandible and the hyoid apparatus and is innervated by the first cervical nerve (C1). The geniohyoid is a muscle that attaches to the mandible and the hyoid apparatus and is innervated by C1.[FEED] @@ -92398,19 +92398,19 @@ geniohyoid muscle https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2c/Geniohyoid_muscle.PNG - + - + - + - + @@ -92423,27 +92423,27 @@ - + C1 via the hypoglossal nerve dbpedia - + C1 via the hypoglossal nerve dbpedia - + dbpedia - + dbpedia @@ -92501,7 +92501,7 @@ - + @@ -92514,7 +92514,7 @@ - + @@ -92527,8 +92527,8 @@ - - + + Intrinsic muscle of the larynx, innervated by the external division of the laryngeal nerve, a branch of the vagus nerve. It attaches to the anterolateral surface of the cricoid cartilage and the external surface of the thyroid cartilage. EMAPA:19270 @@ -92550,36 +92550,36 @@ cricothyroid muscle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f4/Musculuscricothyreoideus.png - + - + - + - + external laryngeal branch of the vagus dbpedia - + Anterior and lateral cricoid cartilage dbpedia - + Inferior cornu and lamina of the thyroid cartilage dbpedia @@ -92630,7 +92630,7 @@ - + A fleshy subdivision of one side of the face bounded by an eye, ear and the nose. Surface structure that includes the scales, skin, and muscles that are located ventral and posterior to the eye.[TAO] buccal @@ -92656,14 +92656,14 @@ cheek https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a9/Chica_cachetona.jpg - + - + FMA-abduced-lr @@ -92727,7 +92727,7 @@ - + @@ -92763,14 +92763,14 @@ muscle of larynx - + - + prolog @@ -92832,8 +92832,8 @@ - - + + The inferior pharyngeal constrictor, the thickest of the three constrictors, arises from the sides of the cricoid and thyroid cartilage. Similarly to the superior and middle pharyngeal constrictor muscles, it is innervated by the vagus nerve (cranial nerve X), specifically, by branches from the pharyngeal plexus and by neuronal branches from the recurrent laryngeal nerve. [WP,unvetted]. This is a pharyngeal arch 4/6 muscle that is integral to the pharyngeal tube, participates in oral/pharyngeal behaviors, is innervated by the pharyngeal plexus of the vagus n. and attaches to the laryngeal cartilages and the midline raphe.[FEED] EMAPA:18965 @@ -92859,25 +92859,25 @@ inferior pharyngeal constrictor http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/22/Musculusconstrictorpharyngisinferior.png - + - + - + cricoid and thyroid cartilage dbpedia - + Wikipedia @@ -92971,14 +92971,14 @@ - + - + Either of a pair of lingual muscles with origin in the mandible, with insertion to the lingual fascia below the mucous membrane and epiglottis, with nerve supply from the hypoglossal nerve, and whose action depresses and protrudes the tongue. Either of a pair of lingual muscles with origin in the mandible, with insertion to the lingual fascia below the mucous membrane and epiglottis, with nerve supply from the hypoglossal nerve, and whose action depresses and protrudes the tongue. [TFD][VHOG] @@ -93008,11 +93008,11 @@ genioglossus muscle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7e/Genioglossus.png - + - + @@ -93025,13 +93025,13 @@ - + EHDAA2 - + Wikipedia @@ -93136,7 +93136,7 @@ - + @@ -93166,7 +93166,7 @@ hyoglossus muscle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7e/Hyoglossus.png - + @@ -93179,7 +93179,7 @@ - + lingual process in horse dbpedia @@ -93233,8 +93233,8 @@ - - + + The Styloglossus, the shortest and smallest of the three styloid muscles, arises from the anterior and lateral surfaces of the styloid process, near its apex, and from the stylomandibular ligament. Passing downward and forward between the internal and external carotid arteries, it divides upon the side of the tongue near its dorsal surface, blending with the fibers of the Longitudinalis inferior in front of the Hyoglossus; the other, oblique, overlaps the Hyoglossus and decussates with its fibers. [WP,unvetted]. Styloglossus is a muscle that attaches to the tongue and stylohyal and is innervated by Cranial Nerve XII.[FEED] EMAPA:18279 @@ -93251,11 +93251,11 @@ styloglossus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/16/Styloglossus.png - + - + @@ -93268,13 +93268,13 @@ - + dbpedia - + tip and sides of tongue dbpedia @@ -93313,9 +93313,9 @@ - - - + + + The palatoglossus, glossopalatinus, or palatoglossal muscle is a small fleshy fasciculus, narrower in the middle than at either end, forming, with the mucous membrane covering its surface, the glossopalatine arch. It arises from the anterior surface of the soft palate, where it is continuous with the muscle of the opposite side, and passing downward, forward, and lateralward in front of the palatine tonsil, is inserted into the side of the tongue, some of its fibers spreading over the dorsum, and others passing deeply into the substance of the organ to intermingle with the Transversus linguæ. [WP,unvetted]. Palatoglossus is a muscle that attaches to the soft palate and the tongue and is innervated by Cranial Nerve X via the pharyngeal plexus.[FEED] @@ -93338,35 +93338,35 @@ http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6e/Gray1014.png http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c7/Gray1028.png - + - + - + - + Wikipedia - + aponeurosis dbpedia - + dbpedia @@ -93406,7 +93406,7 @@ - + @@ -93419,7 +93419,7 @@ - + @@ -93451,7 +93451,7 @@ extrinsic muscle of tongue - + @@ -93464,7 +93464,7 @@ - + check palatoglossus Wikipedia @@ -93511,7 +93511,7 @@ - + @@ -93527,8 +93527,8 @@ - - + + The intrinsic tongue muscles are an integral part of the tongue and completely contained within the tongue that are innervated by Cranial Nerve XII. The intrinsic tongue muscles are an integral part of the tongue that are innervated by Cranial Nerve XII.[FEED] @@ -93548,11 +93548,11 @@ intrinsic muscle of tongue - + - + @@ -93565,14 +93565,14 @@ - + FEED Wikipedia - + EHDAA2 @@ -93629,7 +93629,7 @@ - + A muscle innervated by a facial nerve. FMA:46751 @@ -93664,14 +93664,14 @@ facial muscle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fa/Gray378.png - + - + FEED Wikipedia @@ -93775,10 +93775,10 @@ - - - - + + + + @@ -93807,51 +93807,38 @@ orbicularis oculi muscle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e2/Gray379.png - + - + - + - + - - MA - - - - - - branches of the facial nerve and Zygomatic branches of Facial Nerve + dbpedia - + dbpedia - - dbpedia - - - - - + dbpedia @@ -93885,6 +93872,19 @@ tensor tarsi Wikipedia:Orbicularis_oculi_muscle + + + + + MA + + + + + + branches of the facial nerve and Zygomatic branches of Facial Nerve + dbpedia + @@ -93895,7 +93895,7 @@ - + @@ -93905,8 +93905,8 @@ - - + + @@ -93967,24 +93967,24 @@ olfactory nerve http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/be/Gray771.png - + - + - + ISBN:0471888893 - + ISBN:0471888893 @@ -94111,8 +94111,8 @@ - - + + The levator labii superioris (or quadratus labii superioris) is a broad sheet, the origin of which extends from the side of the nose to the zygomatic bone. Its medial fibers form the angular head, which arises by a pointed extremity from the upper part of the frontal process of the maxilla and passing obliquely downward and lateralward divides into two slips. One of these is inserted into the greater alar cartilage and skin of the nose; the other is prolonged into the lateral part of the upper lip, blending with the infraorbital head and with the Orbicularis oris. The intermediate portion or infraorbital head arises from the lower margin of the orbit immediately above the infraorbital foramen, some of its fibers being attached to the maxilla, others to the zygomatic bone. Its fibers converge, to be inserted into the muscular substance of the upper lip between the angular head and the Caninus. The lateral fibers, forming the zygomatic head, arise from the malar surface of the zygomatic bone immediately behind the zygomaticomaxillary suture and pass downward and medialward to the upper lip. [WP,unvetted]. EMAPA:37503 FMA:46805 @@ -94128,11 +94128,11 @@ levator labii superioris http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8f/Levator_labii_superioris.png - + - + @@ -94145,14 +94145,14 @@ - + Skin and muscle of the upper lip dbpedia - + Skin and muscle of the upper lip dbpedia @@ -94190,10 +94190,10 @@ - - - - + + + + A muscle of facial expression, innervated by the facial nerve, attached to the skin of the lower lip, orbicularis oris muscle, and mandible, and superficial and lateral to the mentalis muscle. See Diogo et al., 2009; Burrows et al., 2011). EMAPA:37516 FMA:46816 @@ -94208,19 +94208,19 @@ depressor labii inferioris http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/96/Depressor_labii_inferioris.png - + - + - + - + @@ -94233,27 +94233,27 @@ - + FMA-abduced-lr - + oblique line of the mandible between the symphysis and the mental foramen dbpedia - + integument of the lower lip Orbicularis oris fibers its fellow of the opposite side dbpedia - + integument of the lower lip Orbicularis oris fibers its fellow of the opposite side dbpedia @@ -94339,8 +94339,8 @@ - - + + The buccinator is a muscle that is attached to the mandible, skin, pterygomandibular raphe and maxilla, and is innervated by Cranial Nerve VII and participates in oropharyngeal behavior. logical definition provided by FEED @@ -94364,25 +94364,25 @@ buccinator muscle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/df/Buccinator.jpg - + - + - + from the alveolar processes of the maxillary bone and mandible temporomandibular joint dbpedia - + dbpedia says: in the fibers of the orbicularis oris FEED @@ -95221,7 +95221,7 @@ - + An unpaired vein which in humans arises from the right ascending lumbar vein or the vena cava, enters the thorax through the aortic orifice in the diaphragm, and terminates in the superior vena cava; unlike humans, mice have a single and left-sided azygos vein that develops from the paired embryonic cardinal venous system and drains most of the right and left thoracic walls into the left anterior vena cava[MP]. check development relationships in different species @@ -95244,14 +95244,14 @@ azygos vein https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b4/Azygos_vein.png - + - + ISBN:0443065837 @@ -95281,7 +95281,7 @@ - + @@ -95312,14 +95312,14 @@ auricular muscle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Gray906.png - + - + MA @@ -95445,7 +95445,7 @@ - + @@ -95464,9 +95464,9 @@ - - - + + + Pharyngeal arch 1 muscle that participates in oral/pharyngeal behaviors, is innervated by masseteric nerve branches of the trigeminal nerve (CN V), and attaches to mandible and zygomatic arch. The division of the adductor mandibulae in the various lines of tetrapod evolution correlates with divergences in their methods of feeding. (...) As the jaws become stronger and their movements more complex in the line of evolution toward mammals, the adductor complex becomes divided into several distinct muscles (temporalis, masseter, pterygoideus, tensor tympani, tensor veli palati).[well established][VHOG] @@ -95499,19 +95499,19 @@ https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/540 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/78/Illu_head_neck_muscle.jpg - + - + - + - + @@ -95524,27 +95524,27 @@ - + FMA - + zygomatic arch and maxilla dbpedia - + zygomatic arch and maxilla dbpedia - + FEED @@ -95598,8 +95598,8 @@ - - + + Pharyngeal arch 1 muscle that is innervated by the deep temporal branches of the trigeminal nerve and attaches to the wall of the braincase (including the cranial vault) and mandible. Pharyngeal arch 1 muscle that is innervated by the deep temporal nerves and attaches to the wall of the braincase and mandible.[FEED] @@ -95630,25 +95630,25 @@ temporalis muscle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d3/Gray382.png - + - + - + coronoid process of the mandible. dbpedia - + dbpedia @@ -95739,7 +95739,7 @@ - + The muscle that stabilizes the stapes bone. The stapedius emerges from a pinpoint foramen in the apex of the pyramidal eminence (a hollow, cone-shaped prominence in the posterior wall of the tympanic cavity), and inserts into the neck of the stapes. [WP,unvetted]. The depressor mandibulae of tetrapods, which opens the jaws, is the homologue of the levator operculi and epihyoidean. In mammals, the depressor mandibulae evolves into the stapedius (...).[well established][VHOG] @@ -95763,14 +95763,14 @@ stapedius muscle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Musculusstapedius.png - + - + neck of stapes dbpedia @@ -95828,7 +95828,7 @@ - + @@ -95841,8 +95841,8 @@ - - + + The larger of the two muscles of the tympanic cavity, is contained in the bony canal above the osseous portion of the auditory tube. Its role is to dampen sounds produced from chewing. It arises from the cartilaginous portion of the auditory tube and the adjoining part of the great wing of the sphenoid, as well as from the osseous canal in which it is contained. Passing backward through the canal, it ends in a slender tendon which enters the tympanic cavity, makes a sharp bend around the extremity of the septum, known as the processus cochleariformis[1], and is inserted into the manubrium of the malleus, near its root[WP]. The division of the adductor mandibulae in the various lines of tetrapod evolution correlates with divergences in their methods of feeding. (...) As the jaws become stronger and their movements more complex in the line of evolution toward mammals, the adductor complex becomes divided into several distinct muscles (temporalis, masseter, pterygoideus, tensor tympani, tensor veli palati).[well established][VHOG] @@ -95871,35 +95871,35 @@ tensor tympani http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/82/Gray912.png - + - + - + - + medial pterygoid nerve from the mandibular nerve dbpedia - + dbpedia - + handle of the malleus dbpedia @@ -95960,9 +95960,9 @@ - - - + + + Skeletal muscle derived from cranial mesoderm and controls eye movements. todo - resolve discrepancies in which muscles are considered extra-ocular @@ -96007,34 +96007,34 @@ extra-ocular muscle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/61/MRI_of_human_eye.jpg - + - + - + - + EHDAA2 - + HPO:pr - + EHDAA2 @@ -96142,7 +96142,7 @@ - + The medial rectus muscle is a muscle in the orbit. As with most of the muscles of the orbit, it is innervated by the inferior division of the oculomotor nerve (Cranial Nerve III). This muscle shares an origin with several other extrinsic eye muscles, the anulus tendineus, or common tendon. It is the largest of the extraocular muscles and its only action is adduction of the eyeball. [WP,unvetted]. @@ -96175,7 +96175,7 @@ medial rectus extraocular muscle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e8/Eyemuscles.png - + @@ -96188,7 +96188,7 @@ - + inferior division of the oculomotor nerve dbpedia @@ -96259,7 +96259,7 @@ - + The lateral rectus muscle is a muscle in the orbit. It is one of six extraocular muscles that control the movements of the eye (abduction in this case) and the only muscle innervated by the abducens nerve, cranial nerve VI. [WP,unvetted]. @@ -96294,7 +96294,7 @@ lateral rectus extra-ocular muscle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e8/Eyemuscles.png - + @@ -96307,7 +96307,7 @@ - + dbpedia @@ -96387,7 +96387,7 @@ - + @@ -96415,14 +96415,20 @@ levator palpebrae superioris http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e8/Eyemuscles.png - + - + + FMA + + + + + FMA @@ -96437,12 +96443,6 @@ UMLS:C0224134 ncithesaurus:Levator_Palpebrae_Superioris - - - - - FMA - @@ -96452,7 +96452,7 @@ - + The ciliary muscle is a ring of smooth muscle in the middle layer of the eye that controls the eye's accommodation for viewing objects at varying distances and regulates the flow of aqueous humour through Schlemm's canal. [WP,unvetted]. BTO:0000654 @@ -96475,7 +96475,7 @@ ciliary muscle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/28/Gray872.png - + @@ -96494,7 +96494,7 @@ - + FMA @@ -96611,10 +96611,10 @@ - - - - + + + + A sphincter muscle that is part of the iris. In humans, it functions to constrict the pupil in bright light or during accommodation. Its dimensions are about 0.75 mm wide by 0.15 mm thick. It is controlled by parasympathetic fibers that originate from the Edinger-Westphal nucleus, travel along the oculomotor nerve (CN III), synapse in the ciliary ganglion, and then enter the eye via the short ciliary nerves. Initially, all the myocytes are of the smooth muscle type, but much later in life, so that ultimately most cells are of the striated muscle type. [WP,unvetted] WP says: It is found in vertebrates and some cephalopods; this class refers to the vertebrate structure @@ -96649,19 +96649,19 @@ sphincter pupillae http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2f/Gray878.png - + - + - + - + @@ -96674,27 +96674,27 @@ - + ISBN:0781772214 - + encircles iris dbpedia - + encircles iris dbpedia - + dbpedia @@ -96801,10 +96801,10 @@ - - - - + + + + A smooth muscle of the eye, running radially in the iris that functions as a dilator. [WP,unvetted]. It is innervated by the sympathetic system, which acts by releasing noradrenaline, which acts on alpha1-receptors. Thus, when presented with a threatening stimuli that activates the fight-or-flight response, this innervation dilates the iris, thus temporarily letting more light reach the retina @@ -96841,19 +96841,19 @@ dilatator pupillae http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2f/Gray878.png - + - + - + - + @@ -96866,27 +96866,27 @@ - + ISBN:0781772214 - + outer margins of iris dbpedia - + inner margins of iris dbpedia - + dbpedia @@ -97099,7 +97099,7 @@ - + @@ -97127,14 +97127,14 @@ lingual artery https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3c/Lingual_artery.PNG - + - + FMA-abduced-lr @@ -97197,7 +97197,7 @@ - + A branch of the lingual artery that supplies the sublingual gland. Check grouping with amphibian structure of the same name @@ -97220,14 +97220,14 @@ sublingual artery http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7a/Gray559.png - + - + FMA @@ -97886,8 +97886,8 @@ - - + + The central retinal artery (retinal artery) branches off the ophthalmic artery, running inferior to the optic nerve within its dural sheath to the eyeball. [WP,unvetted]. EMAPA:37113 @@ -97911,25 +97911,25 @@ central retinal artery https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/59/Gray514_updated.png - + - + - + proximal portion ISBN:0781772214 - + FMA @@ -98045,7 +98045,7 @@ - + The lacrimal artery arises close to the optic foramen, and is one of the largest branches derived from the ophthalmic artery: not infrequently it is given off before the artery enters the orbit. It accompanies the lacrimal nerve along the upper border of the Lateral Rectus, supplies the lacrimal gland. [WP,unvetted]. EMAPA:37094 @@ -98063,14 +98063,14 @@ lacrimal artery http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ce/Gray514.png - + - + FMA @@ -98168,7 +98168,7 @@ - + One of a pair of arteries on the brain that supply oxygen to most medial portions of frontal lobes and superior medial parietal lobes. The 2 anterior cerebral arteries arise from the internal carotid artery and are part of the Circle of Willis. @@ -98191,14 +98191,14 @@ anterior cerebral artery https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2e/Circle_of_Willis_en.svg - + - + FMA WP @@ -98354,7 +98354,7 @@ - + The middle cerebral artery (MCA) is one of the three major paired arteries that supplies blood to the cerebrum. The MCA arises from the internal carotid and continues into the lateral sulcus where it then branches and projects to many parts of the lateral cerebral cortex. It also supplies blood to the anterior temporal lobes and the insular cortices. The left and right MCAs rise from trifurcations of the internal carotid arteries and thus are connected to the anterior cerebral arteries and the posterior communicating arteries, which connect to the posterior cerebral arteries. The MCAs are not considered a part of the Circle of Willis. [WP,unvetted]. BTO:0005206 @@ -98378,14 +98378,14 @@ middle cerebral artery https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2e/Circle_of_Willis_en.svg - + - + FMA WP @@ -98422,7 +98422,7 @@ - + @@ -98435,8 +98435,8 @@ - - + + One of a pair of right-sided and left-sided blood vessels in the circle of Willis. It connects the three cerebral arteries of the same side. Anteriorly, it is one portion of the terminal trifurcation of the internal carotid artery. The anterior cerebral artery and the middle cerebral artery are the other two branches of the trifurcation. Posteriorly, it communicates with the posterior cerebral artery. @@ -98467,24 +98467,24 @@ posterior communicating artery http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2e/Circle_of_Willis_en.svg - + - + - + FMA-abduced-lr - + FMA ZFA @@ -98730,8 +98730,8 @@ - - + + A major lymphatic vessel that drains lymph from the lower body, left appendage, and left thorax into the junction of the left jugular and subclavian veins. placement of the ZFA class here is dubious @@ -98760,24 +98760,24 @@ thoracic duct http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/75/Gray599.png - + - + - + TAO - + EHDAA2 @@ -98868,7 +98868,7 @@ - + A major artery that supplues the hindbrain and runs along the ventral keel of the hindbrain. Artery that runs along the ventral keel of the hindbrain. It lies between the primordial hindbrain channels(PHBC). It irrigates the hindbrain and is connected, through the hindbrain, to the PHBC by the central arteries. @@ -98899,14 +98899,14 @@ basilar artery http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2e/Circle_of_Willis_en.svg - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -98962,7 +98962,7 @@ - + The major artery of the midbrain, which crosses the midbrain medially to meet its partner the mesencephalic vein. review this term, check taxon scope @@ -98979,14 +98979,14 @@ mesencephalic artery - + - + ZFA @@ -99131,7 +99131,7 @@ - + @@ -99158,14 +99158,14 @@ posterior cerebral artery https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2e/Circle_of_Willis_en.svg - + - + FMA-abduced-lr @@ -99523,10 +99523,10 @@ - - - - + + + + The first major branch of the abdominal aorta. EHDAA2:0004519 @@ -99558,44 +99558,44 @@ celiac artery http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Gray532.png - + - + - + - + - + ISBN:0073040584 - + ISBN:0073040584 - + ISBN:0073040584 - + ISBN:0073040584 @@ -99764,7 +99764,7 @@ - + The superior sagittal sinus (also known as the superior longitudinal sinus), within a human cranium, is an area above/behind the brain, which allows blood veins to span the area, from the top of the head towards the back. It is believed that the cerebrospinal fluid drains through the arachnoid granulations into the dural venous sinuses of the superior sagittal sinus. [WP,unvetted]. EMAPA:18636 @@ -99783,14 +99783,14 @@ superior sagittal sinus https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bd/Gray488_blue.gif - + - + cjm @@ -99859,7 +99859,7 @@ - + @@ -99915,14 +99915,14 @@ oculomotor nerve http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/69/Gray776.png - + - + Wikipedia @@ -100245,7 +100245,7 @@ - + @@ -100306,14 +100306,14 @@ trigeminal nerve https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/Gray778_Trigeminal.png - + - + Wikipedia @@ -100437,8 +100437,8 @@ - - + + @@ -100496,25 +100496,25 @@ abducens nerve https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/29/Abducens_nerve1.png - + - + - + found in all vertebrates except lampreys and hagfishes Wikipedia - + Wikipedia @@ -100626,15 +100626,15 @@ - + - - + + @@ -100696,34 +100696,34 @@ facial nerve http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1f/Cranial_nerve_VII.svg - + - + - + - + ZFA - + Wikipedia - + Wikipedia @@ -100865,7 +100865,7 @@ - + @@ -100930,14 +100930,14 @@ vestibulocochlear nerve http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7d/Gray789.png - + - + ISBN:0471888893 @@ -101052,7 +101052,7 @@ - + @@ -101107,14 +101107,14 @@ glossopharyngeal nerve http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5e/Gray791.png - + - + motor Wikipedia @@ -101593,7 +101593,7 @@ - + The anterior facial vein (facial vein) commences at the side of the root of the nose, and is a direct continuation of the angular vein where it also receives a small nasal branch. It lies behind the facial artery and follows a less tortuous course. It receives blood from the external palatine vein before it either joins the anterior branch of the retromandibular vein to form the common facial vein, or drains directly into the internal jugular vein. [WP,unvetted]. Vein which collects blood from muscles of the head and drains into the external jugular vein.[AAO] @@ -101617,14 +101617,14 @@ facial vein http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/Gray557.png - + - + FMA @@ -101693,7 +101693,7 @@ - + The supraorbital vein begins on the forehead where it communicates with the frontal branch of the superficial temporal vein. It runs downward superficial to the Frontalis muscle, and joins the frontal vein at the medial angle of the orbit to form the angular vein. Previous to its junction with the frontal vein, it sends through the supraorbital notch into the orbit a branch which communicates with the ophthalmic vein; as this vessel passes through the notch, it receives the frontal diploic vein through a foramen at the bottom of the notch. The areas drained by this vessel are the forehead, eyebrow and upper eyelid. [WP,unvetted]. EMAPA:37195 @@ -101711,14 +101711,14 @@ supraorbital vein http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/Gray557.png - + - + FMA @@ -101759,7 +101759,7 @@ - + A vein in the chin that is connected to the sublingual and anterior jugular veins and drains into the facial vein. EMAPA:37188 @@ -101773,14 +101773,14 @@ submental vein - + - + FMA/obol @@ -101808,7 +101808,7 @@ - + The retromandibular vein (temporomaxillary vein, posterior facial vein), formed by the union of the superficial temporal and maxillary veins, descends in the substance of the parotid gland, superficial to the external carotid artery but beneath the facial nerve, between the ramus of the mandible and the sternocleidomastoideus muscle. It divides into two branches: an anterior, which passes forward and unites with the anterior facial vein to form the common facial vein. a posterior, which is joined by the posterior auricular vein and becomes the external jugular vein. [WP,unvetted]. @@ -101829,14 +101829,14 @@ retromandibular vein http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/Gray557.png - + - + FMA @@ -101884,7 +101884,7 @@ - + The superficial temporal vein is a vein of the side of the head. [WP,unvetted]. BTO:0003748 @@ -101903,14 +101903,14 @@ superficial temporal vein http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/Gray557.png - + - + FMA Wikipedia @@ -101946,7 +101946,7 @@ - + A temporal vein that arises near the lateral angle of the eye; joins the superficial temporal veins to form the retromandibular vein. EMAPA:37176 @@ -101958,14 +101958,14 @@ middle temporal vein - + - + FMA TFD @@ -102053,7 +102053,7 @@ - + A vein that consists of a short trunk which accompanies the first part of the internal maxillary artery. It is formed by a confluence of the veins of the pterygoid plexus, and passes backward between the sphenomandibular ligament and the neck of the mandible, and unites with the superficial temporal vein to form the retromandibular vein. [WP,unvetted]. in horses, a branch of the external jugular gives off the occipital and caudal auricular vein @@ -102071,14 +102071,14 @@ maxillary vein http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/Gray557.png - + - + FMA @@ -102162,7 +102162,7 @@ - + The anterior auricular veins are veins which drain the anterior aspect of the external ear. [WP,unvetted]. EMAPA:37132 @@ -102179,14 +102179,14 @@ anterior auricular vein http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/Gray557.png - + - + FMA @@ -102349,9 +102349,9 @@ - - - + + + The triceps surae is a pair of muscles located at the calf - the gastrocnemius and the soleus. These muscles both insert into the calcaneus, the bone of the heel of the human foot, and form the major part of the muscle of the back part of the lower leg, commonly known as the calf muscle. The triceps surae is connected to the foot through the Achilles tendon, and has 3 heads deriving from the 2 major masses of muscle. The superficial portion (the gastrocnemius) gives off 2 heads attaching to the base of the femur directly above the knee. The deep (profundis) mass of muscle (the soleus) forms the remaining head which attaches to the superior posterior area of the tibia. The triceps surae is innervated by the tibial nerve, specifically, nerve roots L5-S2. [WP,unvetted]. A set of muscles in FMA, a single organ in MA @@ -102373,34 +102373,34 @@ triceps surae http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/57/Illu_lower_extremity_muscles.jpg - + - + - + - + dbpedia - + dbpedia - + dbpedia @@ -102523,12 +102523,12 @@ - - - - - - + + + + + + The Tibialis posterior is the most central of all the leg muscles, and is located in the posterior compartment of the leg. It is the key stabilizing muscle of the lower leg. [WP,unvetted]. BTO:0000867 EMAPA:36255 @@ -102549,64 +102549,64 @@ tibialis posterior http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/92/Gray442.png - + - + - + - + - + - + - + dbpedia - + dbpedia - + dbpedia - + dbpedia - + dbpedia - + dbpedia @@ -102927,8 +102927,8 @@ - - + + The central retinal vein (retinal vein) is a short vein that runs through the optic nerve and drains blood from the capillaries of the retina into the larger veins outside the eye. The anatomy of the veins of the orbit of the eye varies between individuals, and in some the central retinal vein drains into the superior ophthalmic vein, and in some it drains directly into the cavernous sinus. [WP,unvetted]. EFO:0004271 @@ -102950,25 +102950,25 @@ central retinal vein - + - + - + proximal portion ISBN:0781772214 - + FMA/obol @@ -103081,7 +103081,7 @@ - + @@ -103139,7 +103139,7 @@ trigeminal ganglion http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/69/Gray776.png - + @@ -103152,7 +103152,7 @@ - + Bgee:AN @@ -103276,11 +103276,11 @@ - - - - - + + + + + @@ -103311,23 +103311,23 @@ occipital bone http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/27/Gray194.png - + - + - + - + - + @@ -103340,32 +103340,32 @@ - + FMA - + basi paired exo and supra occipital bones MA-modified - + interparietal (postparietal) - + WP - + PMID:11523816 @@ -103427,10 +103427,10 @@ - - - - + + + + An unpaired bone situated at the base of the skull in front of the temporal bone and basilar part of the occipital bone. The sphenoid bone is one of the seven bones that articulate to form the orbit. Its shape somewhat resembles that of a butterfly or bat with its wings extended. part of viscerocranium (facial skeleton) in FMA @@ -103459,19 +103459,19 @@ sphenoid bone http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/66/Illu_cranial_bones2.jpg - + - + - + - + @@ -103484,25 +103484,25 @@ - + orbito pre and basi sphenoid - + pterygoid process - + alisphenoid - + cjm @@ -103557,9 +103557,9 @@ - - - + + + The large, irregular bone located at the base and side of the skull; consists of three parts at birth: squamous, tympanic, and petrous. In many mammals, as in humans, the petrosal, ectotympanic and squamosal bones synostose to form the temporal bone + styloid process @@ -103586,15 +103586,15 @@ temporal bone http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/66/Illu_cranial_bones2.jpg - + - + - + @@ -103607,20 +103607,20 @@ - + petrosal - + squamosal plus angular temporal series - + styloid process @@ -103682,7 +103682,7 @@ - + @@ -103718,7 +103718,7 @@ ethmoid bone http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/66/Illu_cranial_bones2.jpg - + @@ -103731,7 +103731,7 @@ - + definitional @@ -103804,15 +103804,15 @@ - + - - + + @@ -103849,15 +103849,15 @@ lacrimal bone http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2d/Gray164.png - + - + - + @@ -103870,20 +103870,20 @@ - + orbital series ISBN:0073040584 - + FMA-abduced-lr - + ZFA-modified @@ -103971,8 +103971,8 @@ - - + + @@ -104012,11 +104012,11 @@ nasal bone http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/77/Illu_facial_bones.jpg - + - + @@ -104029,14 +104029,14 @@ - + facial series ISBN:0073040584 - + FMA-abduced-lr @@ -104133,8 +104133,8 @@ - - + + @@ -104176,11 +104176,11 @@ palatine bone http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/44/Gray996.png - + - + @@ -104193,13 +104193,13 @@ - + FMA-abduced-lr - + ISBN:0073040584 @@ -104281,15 +104281,15 @@ - + - - + + @@ -104332,15 +104332,15 @@ jugal bone http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2d/Gray164.png - + - + - + @@ -104353,20 +104353,20 @@ - + orbital series ISBN:0073040584 - + FMA-abduced-lr - + ISBN:0073040584 @@ -104588,8 +104588,8 @@ - - + + A horseshoe shaped bone situated in the anterior midline of the neck between the chin and the thyroid cartilage. The hyoid bone provides attachment to the muscles of the floor of the mouth and the tongue above, the larynx below, and the epiglottis and pharynx behind. [WP,modified]. Paired processes that extend posterolaterally from the posterior margin of the hyoid plate. These processes are the ossified posteromedial processes and invest the laryngeal apparatus.[AAO] @@ -104619,11 +104619,11 @@ hyoid bone http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1f/Gray186.png - + - + @@ -104636,13 +104636,13 @@ - + Wikipedia - + Wikipedia @@ -104864,9 +104864,9 @@ - - - + + + The stapes or stirrup is the stirrup-shaped small bone or ossicle in the middle ear which is attached to the incus laterally and to the fenestra ovalis, the 'oval window' medially. The oval window is adjacent to the vestibule of the inner ear. The stapes is the smallest and lightest bone in the human body. The stapes transmits the sound vibrations from the incus to the membrane of the inner ear inside the fenestra ovalis. The stapes is also stabilized by the stapedius muscle, which is innervated by the facial nerve. In non-mammalian vertebrates, the bone homologous to the stapes is usually called the columella; however, in reptiles, either term may be used[WP,unvetted]. @@ -104903,35 +104903,35 @@ stapes bone http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c1/Gray918.png - + - + - + - + Wikipedia - + DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2006.00524.x classical definition - + definitional @@ -105063,7 +105063,7 @@ - + The incus or anvil is the anvil-shaped small bone or ossicle in the middle ear. It connects the malleus to the stapes. It was first described by Alessandro Achillin of Bologna. The incus transmits sound vibrations from the malleus to the stapes. The incus only exists in mammals, and is derived from a reptilian upper jaw bone, the quadrate bone. Embryologically it is derived from the first pharyngeal arch along with the rest of the bones of mastication, such as the maxilla and mandible. [WP,unvetted]. According to this theory (Reichert-Gaupp theory), the mammalian stapes is derived from the reptilian columella, the incus from the quadrate and the malleus from the articular (...).[well established][VHOG] @@ -105087,14 +105087,14 @@ incus bone http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/df/Gray917.png - + - + EMAPA-implied @@ -105151,8 +105151,8 @@ - - + + The malleus or hammer is a hammer-shaped small bone or ossicle of the middle ear which connects with the incus and is attached to the inner surface of the eardrum. The word is Latin for hammer. It transmits the sound vibrations from the eardrum to the incus. The malleus is unique to mammals, and evolved from a lower jaw bone in basal amniotes called the articular, which still forms part of the jaw joint in reptiles. Embryologically it is derived from the first pharyngeal arch along with the rest of the bones of mastication, such as the maxilla and mandible. [WP,unvetted]. According to this theory (Reichert-Gaupp theory), the mammalian stapes is derived from the reptilian columella, the incus from the quadrate and the malleus from the articular (...).[well established][VHOG] @@ -105176,24 +105176,24 @@ malleus bone http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6b/Gray916.png - + - + - + Wikipedia - + cjm @@ -105630,7 +105630,7 @@ - + @@ -105668,7 +105668,7 @@ exoccipital bone http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bf/Gray131.png - + @@ -105681,7 +105681,7 @@ - + ZFA @@ -105797,7 +105797,7 @@ - + The petrous portion of the temporal bone or pyramid is pyramidal and is wedged in at the base of the skull between the sphenoid and occipital bones. Directed medially, forward, and a little upward, it presents for examination a base, an apex, three surfaces, and three angles, and contains, in its interior, the essential parts of the organ of hearing. The petrous portion is among the most basal elements of the skull and forms part of the endocranium.[WP,unvetted]. The petrosal bone arises from the two otic bones on the lateral wall of the chondrocranium and encases the inner ear of mammals. [Bemis_WE, Functional_Anatomy_of_the_Vertebrates:_An_Evolutionary_Perspective, Grande_L, Third_Edition_(2001)_Orlando_Fla.:_Harcourt_College_Publishers, Walker_WF, p.258, see_Liem_KF][VHOG] derivative of prootic and opisthotic @@ -105825,14 +105825,14 @@ petrous part of temporal bone http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/96/Gray137.png - + - + FMA @@ -105896,9 +105896,9 @@ - - - + + + @@ -105940,15 +105940,15 @@ http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/eb/Skull_synapsida_1.png http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fd/Gray144.png - + - + - + @@ -105961,20 +105961,20 @@ - + see comments - + temporal series ISBN:0073040584 - + EHDAA2 PMID:11523816 @@ -106082,7 +106082,7 @@ - + @@ -106115,14 +106115,14 @@ orbit of skull - + - + FMA-abduced-lr @@ -106263,7 +106263,7 @@ - + The nervus intermedius, or intermediate nerve, is the part of the facial nerve (cranial nerve VII) located between the motor component of the facial nerve and the vestibulocochlear nerve (cranial nerve VIII). It contains the sensory and parasympathetic fibers of the facial nerve. Upon reaching the facial canal, it joins with the motor root of the facial nerve at the geniculate ganglion. [WP,unvetted]. BAMS:iVIIn BAMS:imn @@ -106289,14 +106289,14 @@ sensory root of facial nerve http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6b/Gray788.png - + - + Wikipedia @@ -106352,9 +106352,9 @@ - - - + + + @@ -106404,15 +106404,15 @@ geniculate ganglion http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7d/Gray789.png - + - + - + @@ -106425,20 +106425,20 @@ - + EHDAA2:0004623 ZFA - + EHDAA2:0004623 - + EHDAA2:0000491 @@ -106544,8 +106544,8 @@ - - + + @@ -106576,11 +106576,11 @@ glossopharyngeal ganglion - + - + @@ -106593,7 +106593,7 @@ - + dorsal EHDAA2 ISBN:0471888893 @@ -106602,7 +106602,7 @@ - + ventrolateral EHDAA2 ISBN:0471888893 @@ -106915,9 +106915,9 @@ - - - + + + @@ -106956,34 +106956,34 @@ nasal septum http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Gray854.png - + - + - + - + AAO - + AAO - + EHDAA2-abduced @@ -107067,7 +107067,7 @@ - + @@ -107117,14 +107117,14 @@ nasal cavity http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d4/Illu01_head_neck.jpg - + - + cjm @@ -107253,7 +107253,7 @@ - + @@ -107319,14 +107319,14 @@ jaw skeleton - + - + cjm @@ -107536,7 +107536,7 @@ - + @@ -107571,14 +107571,14 @@ lower jaw region http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/Gray176.png - + - + Wikipedia:Mandibular_prominence @@ -107626,7 +107626,7 @@ - + @@ -107678,14 +107678,14 @@ eyelid https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/84/Eye_makeup.jpg - + - + multiple @@ -107952,7 +107952,7 @@ - + Nuclear complex containing subnuclei that give rise to the axons of the occulomotor nerve, both motor and parasympathetic fibers, situated at the midline at the level of the superior colliculus in the midbrain tegmentum (Brodal, Neurological Anatomy, 3rd ed., 1981, pg 533-534). @@ -108011,7 +108011,7 @@ oculomotor nuclear complex http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/da/Cn3nucleus.png - + @@ -108024,7 +108024,7 @@ - + ZFA @@ -108192,14 +108192,14 @@ - + - + @@ -108245,24 +108245,24 @@ http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/31/Pig_snout_sagittal_cut.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d4/Illu01_head_neck.jpg - + - + - + EMAPA - + fusion http://www.indiana.edu/~anat550/hnanim/face/face.html @@ -108416,9 +108416,9 @@ - - - + + + Elongated nucleus located in the midbrain tegmentum that receives proprioceptive input from both teh extraocular and the masticatory muscles. Contrary to the general rule, the cell bodies that give rise to these sensory fibers are located within the mesencephalic nucleus rather than in a peripheral ganglion. Some of the sensory fibers in the mesencephalic root give off collaterals to the trigeminal motor nucleus, thereby providing the anatomic basis for the monosynaptic jaw reflex. (Heimer, L. The Human Brain and Spinal Cord, 2nd ed. 1996, page 248). develops from NC in some species[https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/The-neural-crest] Not of NC origin[DOI:10.1002/dvdy.1197]. part of midbrain tegmentum in NIF and MA. the neurons of the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus are the only centrally located primary sensory neurons in amniotes; all others are extramedullary @@ -108464,34 +108464,34 @@ mesencephalic nucleus of trigeminal nerve http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/30/Gray696.png - + - + - + - + NIF - + ISBN:978-0-387-09845-6 - + Wikipedia @@ -108611,7 +108611,7 @@ - + A region of histologically disparate cells located just dorsal to the inferior olivary nucleus in the lateral portion of the upper medulla. It receives upper motor neuron innervation directly via the corticobulbar tract This nucleus gives rise to the efferent motor fibers of the vagus nerve terminating in the laryngeal and pharyngeal muscles, as well as to the efferent motor fibers of the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) terminating in the stylopharyngeus. [WP,unvetted]. @@ -108650,7 +108650,7 @@ nucleus ambiguus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/93/Gray695.png - + @@ -108663,7 +108663,7 @@ - + definitional @@ -109072,8 +109072,8 @@ - - + + @@ -109086,16 +109086,16 @@ - - - + + + - + A muscular organ in the floor of the mouth. in MA the tongue is part of the oral region, which in uberon is treated as the oral opening. consider revising oral opening - oral region equivalence. A mobile mass of muscular tissue that is covered with mucous membrane, occupies much of the cavity of the mouth, forms part of its floor, bears the organ of taste, and assists in chewing and swallowing. [TFD][VHOG] @@ -109139,27 +109139,27 @@ tongue http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a6/Tongue.agr.jpg - + - + - + - + - + - + @@ -109172,7 +109172,7 @@ - + BTO EHDAA2 FMA @@ -109181,31 +109181,31 @@ - + MA - + anterior 2/3 - + Wikipedia - + Wikipedia - + definitional @@ -109291,7 +109291,7 @@ - + One of the paired paranasal sinuses, located in the body of the sphenoid bone and communicating with the highest meatus of the nasal cavity on the same side[MESH]. The sphenoidal sinuses (or sphenoid) contained within the body of the sphenoid vary in size and shape; owing to the lateral displacement of the intervening septum they are rarely symmetrical. The following are their average measurements: vertical height, 2.2 cm. ; transverse breadth, 2 cm. ; antero-posterior depth, 2.2 cm. [WP,unvetted]. FMA:54683 GAID:359 @@ -109310,14 +109310,14 @@ sphenoidal sinus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/Gray856.png - + - + FMA-abduced-lr @@ -109398,7 +109398,7 @@ - + BIRNLEX:4102 EMAPA:32777 FMA:54819 @@ -109414,14 +109414,14 @@ papilla of tongue - + - + FMA-modified @@ -109445,9 +109445,9 @@ - - - + + + @@ -109498,34 +109498,34 @@ taste bud http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5a/Gray1018.png - + - + - + - + NIF - + FMA - + http://dev.biologists.org/content/128/22/4573.full @@ -109728,7 +109728,7 @@ - + @@ -109767,14 +109767,14 @@ oropharynx https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4a/Illu_pharynx.jpg - + - + ISBN:0073040584-table13.1 @@ -109859,7 +109859,7 @@ - + @@ -109884,14 +109884,14 @@ UBERON:0001731 cavity of pharynx - + - + XAO @@ -109992,7 +109992,7 @@ - + The muscular, non-bony arch-shaped posterior portion of the palate extending from the posterior edge of the hard palate. A muscular arch-shaped structure that is composed of the musculus uvuli and parts of tensor veli palatini, levator veli palatini, palatoglossus and palatopharyngeus and attaches to the hard palate and modulates the connections between the oral cavity and pharynx soft tissue arch .[FEED] @@ -110020,7 +110020,7 @@ soft palate https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/81/Tonsils_diagram.jpg - + @@ -110033,7 +110033,7 @@ - + MA @@ -110105,7 +110105,7 @@ - + @@ -110138,14 +110138,14 @@ palatine uvula https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/81/Tonsils_diagram.jpg - + - + PMID:1408233 @@ -110248,8 +110248,8 @@ - - + + @@ -110293,24 +110293,24 @@ submandibular gland http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/51/Illu_quiz_hn_02.jpg - + - + - + FMA-abduced-lr - + https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3308-6245 @@ -110386,7 +110386,7 @@ - + @@ -110428,14 +110428,14 @@ https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/larynx-female/v1.1/assets/3d-vh-f-larynx.glb https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/larynx-male/v1.1/assets/3d-vh-m-larynx.glb - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -110485,7 +110485,7 @@ - + The largest of the laryngeal cartilages. The largest cartilage of the larynx, having two broad processes that join anteriorly to form the Adam's apple. [TFD][VHOG] [In anura] a dorsal pair of arytenoid cartilages (...), which support vocal cords, and a ventral pair (often fused) of cricoid cartilage (...). These cartilages are regarded as derivatives of posterior visceral arches of ancestors. Together they constitute the larynx, a structure characteristic of tetrapods. (...) [In mammals] Paired arytenoid cartilages help support and control the vocal cords. The cricoid cartilage is single. Two additional cartilages are present that are lacking in other vertebrates: a large ventral thyroid cartilage (...) and a cartilage in the epiglottis.[well established][VHOG] @@ -110515,14 +110515,14 @@ https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/larynx-female/v1.1/assets/3d-vh-f-larynx.glb https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/larynx-male/v1.1/assets/3d-vh-m-larynx.glb - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -110694,7 +110694,7 @@ - + The paired triangular laryngeal cartilages located postlaterally at the level of the thyroid cartilage. Paired, anteroposteriorly elongated cartilages that are associated with the vocal cords. These cartilages are medially separated and hemispherical, and their concave side faces ventromedially.[AAO] AAO:0000674 @@ -110722,14 +110722,14 @@ https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/larynx-female/v1.1/assets/3d-vh-f-larynx.glb https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/larynx-male/v1.1/assets/3d-vh-m-larynx.glb - + - + cjm @@ -111015,7 +111015,7 @@ - + Portion of connective tissue with various types of white blood cells enmeshed in it, most numerous being the lymphocytes[WP]. BTO:0000753 @@ -111037,7 +111037,7 @@ lymphoid tissue - + @@ -111050,7 +111050,7 @@ - + NCBIBook:NBK27108 @@ -111223,8 +111223,8 @@ - - + + A parenchyma that is part of a thyroid follicle [Automatically generated definition]. BTO:0004579 EMAPA:37769 @@ -111243,24 +111243,24 @@ UBERON:0001747 parenchyma of thyroid gland - + - + - + FMA - + FMA @@ -111335,7 +111335,7 @@ - + @@ -111360,14 +111360,14 @@ capsule of parathyroid gland - + - + MA @@ -111406,8 +111406,8 @@ - - + + A parenchyma that is part of a parathyroid gland [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:35664 FMA:55569 @@ -111419,24 +111419,24 @@ UBERON:0001749 parenchyma of parathyroid gland - + - + - + FMA - + FMA @@ -111465,15 +111465,15 @@ - - + + - + @@ -111503,34 +111503,34 @@ lacrimal apparatus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cf/Gray896.png - + - + - + - + MA - + HPO:pr - + ISBN:0781772214 @@ -111596,7 +111596,7 @@ - + Collagen-rich odontogenic tissue characteristic of teeth and tooth-like skeletal elements (e.g., odontodes); mature dentine is mineralized and develops from predentine tissue; often (but not always) tubular and acellular. Mineralized collagen containing substance that forms the tooth structure.[TAO] Dentine is a bona fide vertebrate novelty, and dentine-secreting odontoblasts represent a cell type that is exclusively derived from the neural crest.[well established][VHOG] @@ -111628,7 +111628,7 @@ . dentine - + @@ -111641,7 +111641,7 @@ - + VSAO @@ -111705,8 +111705,8 @@ - - + + A dentine-like hypermineralized substance that covers the tooth tip. Enamel's primary mineral is hydroxylapatite, which is a crystalline calcium phosphate. Unlike dentin and bone, enamel does not contain collagen. Instead, it has two unique classes of proteins called amelogenins and enamelins[WP]. current classification under substance of tooth may be turned into taxon GCI (e.g. sharks have enamel in dermal denticles) @@ -111737,11 +111737,11 @@ enamel http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/66/Enamelorgan11-17-05.jpg - + - + @@ -111754,13 +111754,13 @@ - + VSAO - + 85 Wikipedia:ENAM @@ -111817,7 +111817,7 @@ - + Odontoid tissue that is deposited by cementoblasts onto dentine tissue and functions to attach teeth, odontodes and other odontogenic derivatives to bone tissue and the integument. Odontoid tissue that is deposited by cementoblasts onto dentine tissue and functions to attach teeth, odontodes and other odontogenic derivatives to bone tissue and the integument.[VSAO] Substance of tooth produced by cementoblasts; surrounds the dentine of the root of the tooth[FMA:55630]. @@ -111845,7 +111845,7 @@ cementum https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dc/The_Periodontium.jpg - + @@ -111858,7 +111858,7 @@ - + PMID:19767574 Wikipedia @@ -111924,7 +111924,7 @@ - + The part in the center of a tooth made up of living soft tissue and cells called odontoblasts[WP]. Material in the center of the dentine of the mature tooth. In secondary teeth the pulp contains blood vessels and odontoblast.[TAO] The oral cavity of vertebrates is generally thought to arise as an ectodermal invagination. Consistent with this, oral teeth are proposed to arise exclusively from ectoderm, contributing to tooth enamel epithelium, and from neural crest derived mesenchyme, contributing to dentin and pulp (reference 1); Teeth and tooth-like structures, together named odontodes, are repeated organs thought to share a common evolutionary origin. These structures can be found in gnathostomes at different locations along the body: oral teeth in the jaws, teeth and denticles in the oral-pharyngeal cavity, and dermal denticles on elasmobranch skin (reference 2).[uncertain][VHOG] @@ -111953,7 +111953,7 @@ dental pulp https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2e/Tooth_Section.svg - + @@ -111966,7 +111966,7 @@ - + ZFA @@ -112277,8 +112277,8 @@ - - + + @@ -112304,11 +112304,11 @@ periodontium https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dc/The_Periodontium.jpg - + - + @@ -112321,13 +112321,13 @@ - + cjm - + FMA @@ -112399,7 +112399,7 @@ - + @@ -112463,14 +112463,14 @@ vagus nerve http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5e/Gray791.png - + - + motor Wikipedia @@ -112650,7 +112650,7 @@ - + A thickened and indented region in the midline in the floor of the rostral part of the pharyngeal region of the foregut, located between the second and third branchial arches that is the first indication of the thyroid primordium. [Kaufman_MH_and_Bard_JBL, The_anatomical_basis_of_mouse_development_(1999)_San_Diego:_Academic_Press, p.132]. foramen caecum foramen cecum @@ -112666,7 +112666,7 @@ future foramen cecum - + @@ -112679,7 +112679,7 @@ - + EHDAA2 @@ -112835,7 +112835,7 @@ - + @@ -112873,14 +112873,14 @@ odontogenic papilla http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/22/Gray1011.png - + - + ZFA @@ -113494,7 +113494,7 @@ - + @@ -113537,14 +113537,14 @@ iris - + - + XAO @@ -113600,7 +113600,7 @@ - + @@ -113628,14 +113628,14 @@ lacrimal canaliculus - + - + FMA @@ -113785,7 +113785,7 @@ - + @@ -113837,14 +113837,14 @@ corneal epithelium http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/66/Gray871.png - + - + ISBN:0781772214 @@ -113941,15 +113941,15 @@ - - + + - + @@ -113991,34 +113991,34 @@ sclera http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/Schematic_diagram_of_the_human_eye_en.svg - + - + - + - + FMA - + ZFA - + ISBN:0781772214 @@ -114069,7 +114069,7 @@ - + A skeletal muscle organ that is part of the trunk region. Note that this class excludes smooth muscle elements in the trunk region, such as the internal anal sphincter. This appears to be consistent with other ontologies such as FMA and ZFA which appear to only include skeletal muscles here. In fact the MA class 'trunk muscle' is classified as a 'set of skeletal muscles'. Many ontologies do not appear to have a coherent distinction between an individual muscle and the musculature (i.e. the set of muscles in a region), so we group all together here. @@ -114094,14 +114094,14 @@ skeletal muscle of trunk - + - + prolog @@ -114172,7 +114172,7 @@ - + @@ -114211,14 +114211,14 @@ ciliary body http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/Schematic_diagram_of_the_human_eye_en.svg - + - + ISBN:0781772214 @@ -114266,14 +114266,14 @@ - + - + @@ -114336,24 +114336,24 @@ optic choroid http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/Schematic_diagram_of_the_human_eye_en.svg - + - + - + MA - + Wikipedia @@ -114454,7 +114454,7 @@ - + @@ -114503,14 +114503,14 @@ substantia propria of cornea http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/66/Gray871.png - + - + cjm ISBN:0781772214 Wikipedia @@ -114578,15 +114578,15 @@ - + - - - + + + A double layer covering the ciliary body that produces aqueous humor. BTO:0001770 @@ -114606,15 +114606,15 @@ ciliary epithelium - + - + - + @@ -114627,19 +114627,19 @@ - + MA - + MP - + Wikipedia @@ -114964,7 +114964,7 @@ - + @@ -115025,14 +115025,14 @@ pigmented layer of retina http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/Gray881.png - + - + Wikipedia @@ -115531,7 +115531,7 @@ - + @@ -115565,14 +115565,14 @@ photoreceptor layer of retina http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/Gray881.png - + - + ZFA @@ -115745,7 +115745,7 @@ - + @@ -115792,14 +115792,14 @@ outer nuclear layer of retina - + - + soma ZFA @@ -116138,7 +116138,7 @@ - + @@ -116197,7 +116197,7 @@ ganglionic layer of retina http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/Gray881.png - + @@ -116210,7 +116210,7 @@ - + FMA @@ -116286,7 +116286,7 @@ - + @@ -116342,14 +116342,14 @@ nerve fiber layer of retina - + - + FMA @@ -116728,7 +116728,7 @@ - + @@ -116764,14 +116764,14 @@ aqueous humor of eyeball http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/Schematic_diagram_of_the_human_eye_en.svg - + - + FMA def states A and P located_in in EHDAA2 VHOG @@ -116962,7 +116962,7 @@ - + @@ -116986,7 +116986,7 @@ vitreous body http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/Schematic_diagram_of_the_human_eye_en.svg - + @@ -116999,7 +116999,7 @@ - + neural ectoderm of optic cup ISBN:0781772214 @@ -117194,8 +117194,8 @@ - - + + @@ -117228,24 +117228,24 @@ anterior segment of eyeball http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/ba/Cataract_in_human_eye.png - + - + - + FMA - + cjm @@ -117297,8 +117297,8 @@ - - + + @@ -117328,24 +117328,24 @@ posterior segment of eyeball http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/Schematic_diagram_of_the_human_eye_en.svg - + - + - + FMA - + cjm @@ -117526,7 +117526,7 @@ - + The elastic, clear, membrane-like structure, that is outer most layer of the lens. The transparent membrane which surrounds the lens of the eye. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG] (...) we reach the inescapable conclusion that the last common ancestor of jawless and jawed vertebrates already possessed an eye that was comparable to that of extant lampreys and gnathostomes. Accordingly, a vertebrate camera-like eye must have been present by the time that lampreys and gnathostomes diverged, around 500 Mya (reference 1); Although the eye varies greatly in adaptative details among vertebrates, its basic structure is the same in all. The human eye is representative of the design typical for a tetrapod. (...) A watery aqueous humor fills the spaces in the eye in front of the lens (...) (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] @@ -117552,14 +117552,14 @@ capsule of lens http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/Gray883.png - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -117728,7 +117728,7 @@ - + @@ -117767,14 +117767,14 @@ sympathetic ganglion http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f7/Gray839.png - + - + DOI:10.1101/gr.157586.113 ISBN:0073040584 @@ -118105,8 +118105,8 @@ - - + + Anatomical junction where subdivisions of two or more neural trees interconnect with one another to form a network through which nerve fibers of the constituent nerve trees become regrouped; together with other nerve plexuses, nerves and ganglia, it constitutes the peripheral nervous system. Examples: cervical nerve plexus, brachial nerve plexus, sacral nerve plexus[FMA]. Made to be a subtype of junction rather than tissue to be consistent with FMA @@ -118128,24 +118128,24 @@ nerve plexus - + - + - + AEO - + AEO @@ -118182,9 +118182,9 @@ - - - + + + @@ -118233,15 +118233,15 @@ conjunctiva http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/Gray883.png - + - + - + @@ -118254,19 +118254,19 @@ - + cjm - + MA - + ISBN:0781772214 @@ -118317,7 +118317,7 @@ - + @@ -118346,7 +118346,7 @@ lines the eyeballs palpebral conjunctiva - + @@ -118359,7 +118359,7 @@ - + FMA MA @@ -119023,14 +119023,14 @@ - + - + @@ -119068,25 +119068,25 @@ sweat gland http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6d/Skin.svg - + - + - + coiled tubular Wikipedia:Tubular_gland - + definitional @@ -119155,8 +119155,8 @@ - - + + @@ -119193,11 +119193,11 @@ sebaceous gland http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/49/HairFollicle.png - + - + @@ -119210,13 +119210,13 @@ - + VHOG - + definitional @@ -119762,14 +119762,14 @@ - + - + @@ -119812,24 +119812,24 @@ gingiva https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2e/Tooth_Section.svg - + - + - + Carranza - + ISBN:0013002015 @@ -119956,7 +119956,7 @@ - + @@ -119994,14 +119994,14 @@ parotid gland http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/51/Illu_quiz_hn_02.jpg - + - + FMA-abduced-lr @@ -120163,14 +120163,14 @@ - + - + @@ -120208,11 +120208,11 @@ http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/90/Lips.JPG http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/Mouth.jpg - + - + @@ -120225,7 +120225,7 @@ - + BTO FMA-implicit VHOG @@ -120234,7 +120234,7 @@ - + cjm @@ -120671,8 +120671,8 @@ - - + + @@ -120704,25 +120704,25 @@ bony labyrinth http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/22/Gray920.png - + - + - + FMA MA - + FMA @@ -120752,7 +120752,7 @@ - + @@ -120794,7 +120794,7 @@ semicircular canal http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/33/Balance_Disorder_Illustration_A.png - + @@ -120807,7 +120807,7 @@ - + OG @@ -121088,7 +121088,7 @@ - + @@ -121141,14 +121141,14 @@ http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c7/Cochlea-crosssection.png http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cb/Cochlea-crosssection.svg - + - + FMA VHOG XAO @@ -121240,7 +121240,7 @@ - + Transudate contained in the osseous labyrinth outside the membranous labyrinth.[FMA]. EMAPA:36549 FMA:60908 @@ -121261,14 +121261,14 @@ perilymph - + - + Wikipedia @@ -121311,7 +121311,7 @@ - + Complex labyrinthine structure that comprises sensory endorgans specialized for vestibular, auditory, and acoustico-vestibular sensation. The auditory (hearing) and vestibular (balance) organ of the fish, equivalent to the inner ear of amniotes. (See Anatomical Atlas entry for ear by T. Whitfield.)[TAO] The labyrinth, or inner ear, evolved very early in vertebrate history and, with many variations in configuration but none of basic design and function, has been retained by all vertebrates.[well established][VHOG] @@ -121354,14 +121354,14 @@ internal ear http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/19/Gray923.png - + - + definitional @@ -121556,7 +121556,7 @@ - + @@ -121595,14 +121595,14 @@ membranous labyrinth http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/Gray924.png - + - + FMA MA @@ -121661,8 +121661,8 @@ - - + + @@ -121696,11 +121696,11 @@ lacrimal drainage system - + - + @@ -121713,13 +121713,13 @@ - + FMA - + ISBN:9780674021839 @@ -122066,7 +122066,7 @@ - + An endolymph filled cavity inside the cochlea, located in between the scala tympani and the scala vestibuli, separated by the basilar membrane and Reissner's membrane (the vestibular membrane) respectively. Houses the organ of Corti[WP]. TODO - check cochlear duct vs cochlear aqueduct vs scala media The coiled portion of the membranous labyrinth located inside the cochlea. It contains endolymph. [TFD][VHOG] @@ -122104,14 +122104,14 @@ cochlear duct of membranous labyrinth http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bc/Gray928.png - + - + FMA MA @@ -122212,8 +122212,8 @@ - - + + Any of the three loop-shaped membranous inner tubular parts of the semicircular canals that are about one-fourth the diameter of the corresponding outer bony canals, that communicate at each end with the utricle, and that have near one end an expanded ampulla containing an area of sensory epithelium. TODO - check canal vs duct. see Wikipedia:File:Gray927.png In gnathostomes, each membranous labyrinth has three semicircular ducts that connect with a chamber known as the utriculus (...); Gnathostome ears have a horizontal semicircular duct. This brings their complement to three semicircular ducts, a pattern retained throughout gnathostome evolution.[well established][VHOG] @@ -122231,24 +122231,24 @@ UBERON:0001856 semicircular duct - + - + - + MA - + FMA MA @@ -122557,9 +122557,9 @@ - - - + + + The canalis reuniens of Hansen is part of the human inner ear. It connects the lower part of the saccule to the ductus cochlearis near its vestibular extremity. EMAPA:17287 FMA:61252 @@ -122575,34 +122575,34 @@ UBERON:0001861 ductus reuniens - + - + - + - + EMAPA - + Wikipedia - + Wikipedia @@ -122717,7 +122717,7 @@ - + @@ -122745,7 +122745,7 @@ http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0c/Cochlea-crosssection.png http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/19/Gray923.png - + @@ -122758,7 +122758,7 @@ - + FMA @@ -122784,7 +122784,7 @@ - + @@ -122812,7 +122812,7 @@ scala tympani http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/16/Gray921.png - + @@ -122825,7 +122825,7 @@ - + FMA @@ -123149,7 +123149,7 @@ - + One of two bilateral, largely symmetrical organ subdivisions within the telencephalon which contain the cerebral cortex and cerebral white matter.[FMA]. Part of the telencephalon consisting of either of the two smooth, elongated halves of the cerebrum.[AAO] The presence of paired evaginated hemispheres and olfactory bulbs in both agnathan and gnathostome radiations suggests that such hemispheres were also present in the common ancestor.[well established][VHOG] @@ -123187,14 +123187,14 @@ cerebral hemisphere http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/92/Hemispheres.png - + - + FMA-abduced-lr @@ -123564,7 +123564,7 @@ - + @@ -123612,14 +123612,14 @@ caudate nucleus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/91/Telencephalon-Horiconatal.jpg - + - + MA @@ -123674,7 +123674,7 @@ - + @@ -123722,14 +123722,14 @@ putamen http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/33/BrainCaudatePutamen.svg - + - + FMA @@ -123779,9 +123779,9 @@ - - - + + + @@ -123826,34 +123826,34 @@ globus pallidus https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ee/Brain_structure.gif - + - + - + - + MA - + BTO-weakened - + GO ISBN:1588900649 @@ -123929,8 +123929,8 @@ - - + + Subcortical brain region lying anterior to the hippocampal formation in the temporal lobe and anterior to the temporal horn of the lateral ventricle in some species. It is usually subdivided into several groups. Functionally, it is not considered a unitary structure (MM). Subdivision of basal ganglion of telencephalon which is an almond-shaped gray mass in the dorsomedial part of the temporal lobe[FMA:61841] @@ -123986,11 +123986,11 @@ amygdala http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8b/Amyg.png - + - + @@ -124003,13 +124003,13 @@ - + FMA - + BTO @@ -124223,7 +124223,7 @@ - + BAMS:SF @@ -124247,14 +124247,14 @@ UBERON:0001878 septofimbrial nucleus - + - + NIFSTD @@ -124307,7 +124307,7 @@ - + A brain structure that is part of the septal nuclear complex. It is connected with the hippocampus, hypothalamus and amygdala. BAMS:DB BAMS:NDB @@ -124336,14 +124336,14 @@ UBERON:0001879 nucleus of diagonal band - + - + MA @@ -124404,7 +124404,7 @@ - + @@ -124454,14 +124454,14 @@ bed nucleus of stria terminalis - + - + EMAPA FMA @@ -124677,14 +124677,14 @@ - + - + @@ -124734,25 +124734,25 @@ nucleus accumbens http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/93/Circuit_du_syst%C3%A8me_de_recompense.jpg - + - + - + FMA GO - + MA @@ -124830,7 +124830,7 @@ - + @@ -124868,14 +124868,14 @@ olfactory tubercle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4d/Gray732.png - + - + EHDAA2-inferred MA VHOG @@ -125024,7 +125024,7 @@ - + Part of the hippocampal formation forming a 'V' or 'U' shaped structure with the opening bounded by hippocampal area CA3. It consists of 3 layers from superficial to deep: molecular, granule cell and polymorphic or hilar layer. @@ -125066,14 +125066,14 @@ dentate gyrus of hippocampal formation http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ab/HippocampalRegions.jpg - + - + MA @@ -125544,7 +125544,7 @@ - + The most anterior region of the brain including both the telencephalon and diencephalon. @@ -125591,14 +125591,14 @@ forebrain http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/54/EmbryonicBrain.svg - + - + definitional @@ -125673,14 +125673,14 @@ - + - + The midbrain is the middle division of the three primary divisions of the developing chordate brain or the corresponding part of the adult brain (in vertebrates, includes a ventral part containing the cerebral peduncles and a dorsal tectum containing the corpora quadrigemina and that surrounds the aqueduct of Sylvius connecting the third and fourth ventricles)[GO]. developmental relationships need revised @@ -125733,24 +125733,24 @@ midbrain http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f9/Human_brain_inferior_view_description.JPG - + - + - + definitional - + Bgee:AN @@ -125965,7 +125965,7 @@ - + Part of the forebrain consisting of paired olfactory bulbs and cerebral hemispheres. Organ component of neuraxis that has as its parts the cerebral cortex, cerebral white matter, basal ganglia, septum and fornix, as well as subcortical gray and white matter structures[FMA:62000]. @@ -126025,14 +126025,14 @@ telencephalon - + - + Bgee:AN @@ -126175,14 +126175,14 @@ - + - + The division of the forebrain that develops from the foremost primary cerebral vesicle. @@ -126245,24 +126245,24 @@ diencephalon http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/54/EmbryonicBrain.svg - + - + - + definitional - + definitional @@ -126392,7 +126392,7 @@ - + Rostral segment of the hindbrain that has as its parts the pons (where present) and the cerebellum[WP,modified]. Anterior part of the hindbrain ventral to the cerebellum[BIRNLEX:965]. @@ -126427,14 +126427,14 @@ metencephalon http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/54/EmbryonicBrain.svg - + - + definitional @@ -126680,13 +126680,14 @@ + - + @@ -126743,14 +126744,14 @@ dorsal plus ventral thalamus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ce/Brain_chrischan_thalamus.jpg - + - + FMA-abduced-lr @@ -126863,8 +126864,8 @@ - - + + @@ -126929,18 +126930,18 @@ https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/brain-female/v1.4/assets/3d-allen-f-brain.glb https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/brain-male/v1.4/assets/3d-allen-m-brain.glb - + - + - + FMA EHDAA2 Wikipedia @@ -126948,7 +126949,7 @@ - + WP @@ -127467,7 +127468,7 @@ - + An epithelium that is part of a small intestine [Automatically generated definition]. Intestinal epithelium which lines the lumen of the mid intestine.[TAO] BTO:0001258 @@ -127492,14 +127493,14 @@ epithelium of small intestine - + - + FMA @@ -127848,7 +127849,7 @@ - + @@ -127861,7 +127862,7 @@ - + @@ -127937,11 +127938,11 @@ https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/brain-female/v1.4/assets/3d-allen-f-brain.glb https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/brain-male/v1.4/assets/3d-allen-m-brain.glb - + - + @@ -127954,14 +127955,14 @@ - + ZFA various - + EDITOR_NOTE add secretion @@ -128116,7 +128117,7 @@ - + @@ -128173,14 +128174,14 @@ subthalamic nucleus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/33/Basal-ganglia-coronal-sections-large.png - + - + part of hypothalamus in ABA @@ -128505,8 +128506,8 @@ - - + + @@ -128545,11 +128546,11 @@ habenular commissure http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d7/Gray715.png - + - + @@ -128562,13 +128563,13 @@ - + FMA - + ZFA-modified @@ -128644,7 +128645,7 @@ - + The Medial forebrain bundle (MFB), is a complex bundle of axons coming from the basal olfactory regions, the periamygdaloid region, and the septal nuclei, and passing to the lateral hypothalamus, with some carrying on into the tegmentum. It contains both ascending and descending fibers. It also represents a part of the mesolimbic pathway, carrying information between the ventral tegmentum and the nucleus accumbens. It is commonly accepted that the MFB is a part of the reward system, involved in the integration of reward and pleasure. Electrical stimulation of the medial forebrain bundle is believed to cause sensations of pleasure. This hypothesis is based upon intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) studies. Animals will work for MFB ICSS, and humans report that MFB ICSS is intensely pleasurable. This is most likely because the medial forebrain bundle carries information from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to the nucleus accumbens (nAcc or Acb). The nAcc is a recognized reward center, and activation of the pathway from the VTA to the nAcc is believed to be rewarding, which is why it is sometimes referred to as the hedonic highway. [WP,unvetted]. a pathway in NCIT @@ -128677,14 +128678,14 @@ medial forebrain bundle - + - + NIFSTD @@ -129490,7 +129491,7 @@ - + @@ -129531,14 +129532,14 @@ paraventricular nucleus of thalamus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ef/PVNss.jpg/200px-PVNss.jpg - + - + FMA @@ -129620,7 +129621,7 @@ - + Re BAMS:RE @@ -129648,14 +129649,14 @@ reuniens nucleus - + - + NIFSTD @@ -129729,7 +129730,7 @@ - + @@ -129771,14 +129772,14 @@ parafascicular nucleus - + - + FMA @@ -129869,7 +129870,7 @@ - + @@ -129910,14 +129911,14 @@ central medial nucleus - + - + NIFSTD @@ -130007,7 +130008,7 @@ - + @@ -130052,14 +130053,14 @@ paracentral nucleus - + - + NIFSTD @@ -130165,7 +130166,7 @@ - + The ventral lateral nucleus (VL) is a nucleus of the thalamus. [WP,unvetted]. VL @@ -130211,14 +130212,14 @@ ventral lateral nucleus of thalamus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1b/ThalamicNuclei.png - + - + FMA @@ -130357,7 +130358,7 @@ - + @@ -130406,14 +130407,14 @@ lateral geniculate body http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b7/Gray719.png - + - + FMA @@ -130522,8 +130523,8 @@ - - + + @@ -130573,24 +130574,24 @@ medial geniculate body http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1b/ThalamicNuclei.png - + - + - + NIFSTD - + FMA @@ -130822,10 +130823,10 @@ - - - - + + + + @@ -130876,45 +130877,45 @@ http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d7/SONss.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d7/SONss.jpg/200px-SONss.jpg - + - + - + - + - + ABA MA - + FMA - + Wikipedia - + Wikipedia @@ -131182,7 +131183,7 @@ - + The lateral preoptic nucleus is lateral to the medial preoptic nucleus. It also mediates non-REM sleep onset.[WP,unvetted]. @@ -131218,14 +131219,14 @@ lateral preoptic nucleus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/HypothalamicNuclei.PNG - + - + GO @@ -131345,7 +131346,7 @@ - + The arcuate nucleus (or infundibular nucleus) is an aggregation of neurons in the mediobasal hypothalamus, adjacent to the third ventricle and the median eminence. The arcuate nucleus includes several important populations of neurons, including: Neuroendocrine neurons, Centrally-projecting neurons and Others. [WP,unvetted]. @@ -131391,14 +131392,14 @@ arcuate nucleus of hypothalamus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/HypothalamicNuclei.PNG - + - + NIFSTD @@ -131507,7 +131508,7 @@ - + @@ -131532,14 +131533,14 @@ UBERON:0001933 retrochiasmatic area - + - + FMA NIFSTD @@ -131632,9 +131633,9 @@ - - - + + + The Dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus is a nucleus of the hypothalamus. It is involved in feeding, drinking, and body weight regulation. [WP,unvetted]. @@ -131676,15 +131677,15 @@ dorsomedial nucleus of hypothalamus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/HypothalamicNuclei.PNG - + - + - + @@ -131697,19 +131698,19 @@ - + MA - + FMA - + Wikipedia @@ -131815,7 +131816,7 @@ - + The ventromedial nucleus (sometimes referred to as the ventromedial hypothalamus) is a nucleus of the hypothalamus. [WP,unvetted]. @@ -131856,7 +131857,7 @@ ventromedial nucleus of hypothalamus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/HypothalamicNuclei.PNG - + @@ -131869,7 +131870,7 @@ - + FMA @@ -131978,8 +131979,8 @@ - - + + The tuberomammillary nucleus is a subnucleus of the posterior third of the hypothalamus. It consists of, largely, histaminergic and is involved with the control of arousal, sleep and circadian rhythm. Axons of the tuberomammillary nucleus project primarily to the cerebral cortex, thalamus, basal ganglia, basal forebrain, and hypothalamus. The projections to the cerebral cortex directly increase cortical activation and arousal, and projections to acetylcholinergic neurons of the basal forebrain and dorsal pons do so indirectly, by increasing the release of acetylcholine in the cerebral cortex. [WP,unvetted]. @@ -132016,24 +132017,24 @@ tuberomammillary nucleus - + - + - + MA - + FMA @@ -132847,7 +132848,7 @@ - + Ventral part of the midbrain, separated from the hindbrain by the isthmus[ISBN:0471888893]. Subdivision of the midbrain lying anterior to the tectum and posterior to the substantia nigra and cerebral peduncle[FMA] The part of the midbrain extending from the substantia nigra to the cerebral aqueduct in a horizontal section of the midbrain. It forms the floor of the midbrain that surrounds the cerebral aqueduct[WP]. Together, our results reveal a shared basic organization in the tegmental domains of the diencephalon and midbrain of developing lamprey, indicating early appearance of the domain in vertebrate phylogeny.[well established][VHOG] @@ -132888,14 +132889,14 @@ midbrain tegmentum http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b6/Gray712.png - + - + ZFA @@ -132989,7 +132990,7 @@ - + Nuclear complex between dorsal thalamus and optic tectum whose nuclei receive afferents primarily from the retina and the optic tectum and are involved in modulating motor behavior in response to visual input. @@ -133048,7 +133049,7 @@ pretectal region - + @@ -133061,7 +133062,7 @@ - + ISBN:0471888893 @@ -133228,7 +133229,7 @@ - + Part of the midbrain tecturm consisting of paired bodies that sit caudal to the thalamus and surround the pineal gland in the mesencephalon of vertebrate brains. It comprises the rostral aspect of the midbrain, posterior to the periaqueductal gray and adjacent superior the inferior colliculus. The inferior and superior colliculi are known collectively as the corpora quadrigemina (Latin, quadruplet bodies). It consists of several identified cellular layers and also comprises the brachium of the superior colliculus and commissure of supeior colliculus from Wikipedia.org and Neuronames (MM). @@ -133291,14 +133292,14 @@ https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/brain-female/v1.4/assets/3d-allen-f-brain.glb https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/brain-male/v1.4/assets/3d-allen-m-brain.glb - + - + FMA-abduced-lr @@ -133435,7 +133436,7 @@ - + Part of the midbrain tectum, consisting of paired predominantly gray matter elevations on the dorsal aspect of the midbrain, located caudal to the superior colliculus, dorsal to the periaqueductal gray of the cerebral aqueduct and rostral to the cerebellum. According to Neuronames, the inferior colliculus comprises the central, pericentral and external nucleus and two predominantly white matter structures, the brachium of the inferior colliculus and the commissure of the inferior colliculus (MM). BAMS:IC @@ -133474,14 +133475,14 @@ https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/brain-female/v1.4/assets/3d-allen-f-brain.glb https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/brain-male/v1.4/assets/3d-allen-m-brain.glb - + - + FMA-abduced-lr @@ -133553,8 +133554,8 @@ - - + + @@ -133612,24 +133613,24 @@ https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/brain-female/v1.4/assets/3d-allen-f-brain.glb https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/brain-male/v1.4/assets/3d-allen-m-brain.glb - + - + - + FMA - + ISBN:0471888893 @@ -133899,7 +133900,7 @@ - + @@ -133945,14 +133946,14 @@ neocortex http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/77/Neocortex.jpg - + - + Wikipedia @@ -134061,7 +134062,7 @@ - + An epithelium that is part of a nasopharynx [Automatically generated definition]. UBERON:0003237 BTO:0004480 @@ -134090,14 +134091,14 @@ UBERON:0001951 epithelium of nasopharynx - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -134203,7 +134204,7 @@ - + An epithelium that is part of a oropharynx [Automatically generated definition]. Composition varies with species and time. This is classified as nonkeratinizing stratified squamous in FMA, unilaminar in EHDAA2; the majority of the pharyngeal epithelium is unilaminar in zebrafish EHDAA2:0004083 @@ -134219,14 +134220,14 @@ UBERON:0001952 epithelium of oropharynx - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -134273,8 +134274,8 @@ - - + + A modified six-layered cortex between the subiculum and the main part of the parahippocampal gyrus. consider merging with BA27 @@ -134303,24 +134304,24 @@ presubiculum http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5f/Brodmann_Cytoarchitectonics_27.png - + - + - + NIFSTD - + FMA @@ -134392,11 +134393,11 @@ - - - - - + + + + + A part of the brain consisting of a three layered cortex located in the forebrain bordering the medial surface of the lateral ventricle. The term hippocampus is often used synonymously with hippocampal formation which consists of the hippocampus proper or Cornu Ammonis, the dentate gyrus and the subiculum. @@ -134449,54 +134450,54 @@ Ammon's horn http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2e/Gray739-emphasizing-hippocampus.png - + - + - + - + - + - + FMA - + ABA - + FMA - + Wikipedia:Hippocampus - + Wikipedia @@ -134707,7 +134708,7 @@ - + The hyaline cartilaginous structures that support the bronchi, present as irregular rings in the larger bronchi (and not as regular as in the trachea), and as small plates and islands in the smaller bronchi; as the branching continues through the bronchial tree, the amount of hyaline cartilage in the walls decreases until it is absent in the smallest bronchioles[MP]. @@ -134731,14 +134732,14 @@ cartilage of bronchus - + - + MP @@ -135315,7 +135316,7 @@ - + A diffuse collection of lymphpoid cells that participate in airway immune responses. FMA:62821 MA:0000135 @@ -135329,14 +135330,14 @@ Lymphoid tissue associated with airways in mice has functional similarities to human BALT[ISBN:0123813611] Notes: FMA classifies this as organized, not diffuse bronchial-associated lymphoid tissue - + - + ISBN:0123813611 @@ -136075,7 +136076,7 @@ - + @@ -136134,14 +136135,14 @@ bile - + - + 0.3% in humans @@ -136362,7 +136363,7 @@ - + A lamina propria that is part of a esophagus [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:26987 FMA:63050 @@ -136391,14 +136392,14 @@ UBERON:0001974 lamina propria of esophagus - + - + FMA @@ -136630,7 +136631,7 @@ - + @@ -136671,14 +136672,14 @@ epithelium of esophagus - + - + FMA @@ -137044,8 +137045,8 @@ - - + + @@ -137058,7 +137059,7 @@ - + @@ -137117,34 +137118,34 @@ blood vessel http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/29/Circulatory_System_en.svg - + - + - + - + AEO - + EHDAA2 - + GO:0072360 @@ -137329,8 +137330,8 @@ - - + + @@ -137368,24 +137369,24 @@ http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/38/Small_intestine_low_mag.jpg - + - + - + Wikipedia:Tubular_gland - + further investigation required ISBN:9780521617147 @@ -137717,10 +137718,10 @@ - - - - + + + + Organ of metabolic interchange between fetus and mother, partly of embryonic origin and partly of maternal origin[GO]. The fetal portion of the placenta is known as the villous chorion. The maternal portion is known as the decidua basalis. The two portions are held together by anchoring villi that are anchored to the decidua basalis by the cytotrophoblastic shell. Phylogenetic analyses of the concatenated data set using maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and distance based (neighbour joining) methods all converged on a nearly identical, well supported topology defining four principal eutherian lineages. The results affirm monophyly of traditional placental orders (except Artiodactyla and Insectivora), and also support some previously proposed, as well as new, superordinal clades.[well established][VHOG] @@ -137757,44 +137758,44 @@ http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f1/Placenta.svg https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/placenta-full-term-female/v1.1/assets/3d-vh-f-placenta-full-term.glb - + - + - + - + - + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/1376 - + ISBN:0073040584 - + Wikipedia - + ISBN:0073040584 @@ -138134,8 +138135,8 @@ - - + + The upper layer of the dermis beneath the epidermis, composed of dense irregular connective tissue[ncit,modified]. todo - check tissue composition Dense irregular connective tissue of the skin that consists of fibroblasts, various connective tissue cell types, and collagen, predominantly type III. @@ -138167,24 +138168,24 @@ papillary layer of dermis http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b4/Normal_Epidermis_and_Dermis_with_Intradermal_Nevus_10x.JPG - + - + - + WP - + FMA-text @@ -138297,7 +138298,7 @@ - + @@ -138332,14 +138333,14 @@ reticular layer of dermis - + - + FMA @@ -138395,7 +138396,7 @@ - + Cartilage tissue primarily composed of type II collagen (thin fibrils) and a glassy appearance. Cartilage (tissue) which consists of chondrocytes and collagen, the intercellular matrix of which is an amorphous gel with a perichondrium[FMA:64783]. Cartilage tissue primarily composed of type II collagen (thin fibrils) and a glassy appearance.[VSAO] @@ -138418,7 +138419,7 @@ http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2a/Gray292.png http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ee/Hypertrophic_Zone_of_Epiphyseal_Plate.jpg - + @@ -138431,7 +138432,7 @@ - + VSAO-text-def @@ -138577,14 +138578,14 @@ - + - + Cartilage tissue that is flexible and contains abundant elastic fibers. Cartilage (tissue) which consists of chondrocytes and collagen, the intercellular matrix of which consists of elastic fibers[FMA:64785]. Cartilage tissue that is flexible and contains abundant elastic fibers.[VSAO] @@ -138610,11 +138611,11 @@ elastic cartilage tissue http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ca/Gray904.png - + - + @@ -138627,13 +138628,13 @@ - + Wikipedia - + VSAO @@ -138721,15 +138722,15 @@ - + - - + + @@ -138748,7 +138749,7 @@ - + A sensory epithelium inside the nasal cavity that is responsible for detecting odors[WP]. Sensory lining of the medial wall, roof and anterior aspects of the main olfactory cavity (cavum principale).[AAO] relationship loss: part_of principal cavity (AAO:0000992)[AAO] @@ -138791,44 +138792,44 @@ olfactory epithelium http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4d/Gray857.png - + - + - + - + - + NIFSTD - + NBK26868 - + NBK26868 - + NCBIBook:NBK55982 @@ -139008,11 +139009,11 @@ - - - - - + + + + + @@ -139043,55 +139044,55 @@ https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/478 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e2/Anterior_Hip_Muscles_2.PNG - + - + - + - + - + - + dbpedia - + dbpedia - + dbpedia - + lesser trochanter of femur dbpedia - + dbpedia @@ -139155,7 +139156,7 @@ - + On of the muscles that make up the buttocks: the gluteus maximus muscle, gluteus medius muscle and gluteus minimus muscle. gluteal @@ -139178,14 +139179,14 @@ gluteal muscle - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -139230,7 +139231,7 @@ - + @@ -139248,14 +139249,14 @@ UBERON:0002001 joint of rib - + - + cjm @@ -139470,8 +139471,8 @@ - - + + @@ -139507,11 +139508,11 @@ enteric nervous system - + - + @@ -139524,7 +139525,7 @@ - + FMA MA NIF @@ -139533,7 +139534,7 @@ - + Wikipedia ZFA https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/The-neural-crest @@ -139820,7 +139821,7 @@ - + @@ -139850,14 +139851,14 @@ pulmonary nerve plexus - + - + FMA @@ -140080,9 +140081,9 @@ - - - + + + An artery that carries deoxygenated blood from heart to the lungs. They are the only arteries (other than umbilical arteries in the fetus) that carry deoxygenated blood.. @@ -140124,35 +140125,35 @@ https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/blood-vasculature-male/v1.3/assets/3d-vh-m-blood-vasculature.glb https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/db/Alveoli_diagram.png - + - + - + - + Wikipedia - + EHDAA2 XAO - + EHDAA2 @@ -140684,14 +140685,14 @@ - + - + Soft tissue that lines the non-cartilaginous surfaces within joints with cavities (synovial joints). Phylogenetically, synovium is one of the newer attributes of the vertebrate locomotor apparatus. The first synovial joints developed in the piscine jaw of ancestors of modern lungfish by an evolutionary process that modified preexisting fibrous and cartilaginous joints, which were the predominant articulation of the early sea- and land-dwelling vertebrates.[well established][VHOG] synovial layer @@ -140728,11 +140729,11 @@ http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/19/Joint.png http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/Synovium.png - + - + @@ -140745,13 +140746,13 @@ - + EHDAA2 - + GAID @@ -141292,7 +141293,7 @@ - + Gray matter of the insular region of the neocortex. In gyrencephalic animals, it is part of the insular lobe and lies in the depths of the lateral fissure and covered by portions of the frontal, parietal and temporal lobes. It includes Brodmann areas 13-16. Consider splitting insular cortex from insular lobe. See https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/412 @@ -141336,14 +141337,14 @@ insula http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2b/Gray731.png - + - + BTO NIF @@ -141484,8 +141485,8 @@ - - + + One of the four basal ganglia in each cerebral hemisphere that consists of a thin lamina of gray matter between the lentiform nucleus and the insula[BTO]. The claustrum, which is suspected to be present in all mammals, is a fairly thin (fraction of 1 mm to multiple mms) vertical curved sheet of subcortical gray matter oriented sagittally between the white matter tracts of the external capsule and extreme capsule. The claustrum is lateral to the putamen and medial to the insular cortex and is considered by some sources to be part of the basal ganglia. There are lateral and medial tracts connecting to many cortices and perhaps to the hippocampus, the amygdala, and the caudate nucleus (connections with subcortical centers are a matter of debate)[WP]. @@ -141523,11 +141524,11 @@ claustrum of brain http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/91/Telencephalon-Horiconatal.jpg - + - + @@ -141540,13 +141541,13 @@ - + ISBN:0471888893 - + NIF @@ -141936,7 +141937,7 @@ - + @@ -141979,14 +141980,14 @@ http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/20/Skinlayers.png https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e4/Epidermal_layers.png - + - + FMA @@ -142037,7 +142038,7 @@ - + @@ -142050,7 +142051,7 @@ - + The most posterior of the three principal regions of the brain. In mammals and birds the hindbrain is divided into a rostral metencephalon and a caudal myelencephalon. In zebrafish, with the exception of the cerebellum, the ventral remainder of the metencephalon can be separated only arbitrarily from the more caudal myelencephalic portion of the medulla oblongata (From: Neuroanatomy of the Zebrafish Brain)[ZFA]. Organ component of neuraxis that has as its parts the pons, cerebellum and medulla oblongata[FMA]. @@ -142101,25 +142102,25 @@ hindbrain http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/54/EmbryonicBrain.svg - + - + - + modified-source-relation ABA - + Bgee:AN @@ -142333,7 +142334,7 @@ - + Projection of skin containing the outlets for 15-20 lactiferous ducts arranged cylindrically around the tip. a male mouse has no nipples - mammary tissue regresses during embryonic development FMA makes this part of the breast, whereas in MA it is part of the mammary gland - @@ -142365,14 +142366,14 @@ https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/1873 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/59/Female_nipple_profile.jpg - + - + Stedmans @@ -142443,7 +142444,7 @@ - + @@ -142477,14 +142478,14 @@ epithelium of bronchus - + - + FMA @@ -142567,7 +142568,7 @@ - + @@ -142591,14 +142592,14 @@ http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f4/Brustwarze.JPG https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ad/Female_Areola.jpg - + - + MA @@ -142633,7 +142634,7 @@ - + @@ -142667,7 +142668,7 @@ arrector muscle of hair - + @@ -142680,7 +142681,7 @@ - + FMA @@ -142944,7 +142945,7 @@ - + The medial preoptic nucleus is bounded laterally by the lateral preoptic nucleus, and medially by the preoptic periventricular nucleus. It releases gonadotropin-releasing hormone, controls copulation in males, and is larger in males than in females.[WP,unvetted]. @@ -142978,14 +142979,14 @@ medial preoptic nucleus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/HypothalamicNuclei.PNG - + - + MA @@ -143162,9 +143163,9 @@ - - - + + + @@ -143234,35 +143235,35 @@ cerebellum https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a7/Cerebellum_NIH.png - + - + - + - + FMA MA - + ISBN:0471888893 - + definitional @@ -143395,8 +143396,8 @@ - - + + @@ -143453,24 +143454,24 @@ https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/brain-female/v1.4/assets/3d-allen-f-brain.glb https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/brain-male/v1.4/assets/3d-allen-m-brain.glb - + - + - + NIF - + FMA-abduced-lr @@ -143721,7 +143722,7 @@ - + @@ -143753,14 +143754,14 @@ lymphatic vessel endothelium - + - + FMA @@ -143815,7 +143816,7 @@ - + A large raphe nucleus extending from the anterior part of the pons through the mesencephalon; its neurons are serotoninergic[NIF]. The dorsal raphe nucleus is a part of the raphe nucleus and consists of rostral and caudal subdivisions. The rostral aspect of the dorsal raphe is further divided into interfascicular, ventral, ventrolateral and dorsal subnuclei. The projections of the dorsal raphe have been found to vary topographically, and thus the subnuclei differ in their projections. An increased number of cells in the lateral aspects of the dorsal raphe is characteristic of humans and other primates. [WP,unvetted]. TODO check dorsal vs inferior. ZF has no pons. @@ -143861,14 +143862,14 @@ http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c6/Drn.png http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c6/Drn.png/200px-Drn.png - + - + Wikipedia @@ -144020,7 +144021,7 @@ - + Dk BAMS:Dk @@ -144052,14 +144053,14 @@ UBERON:0002044 ventral nucleus of posterior commissure - + - + FMA @@ -144299,9 +144300,9 @@ - - - + + + @@ -144348,34 +144349,34 @@ http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/Illu_thyroid_parathyroid.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c6/Illu_endocrine_system.jpg - + - + - + - + Wikipedia:Endostyle - + Wikipedia - + Wikipedia @@ -144455,7 +144456,7 @@ - + The pontine raphe nucleus is one of the raphe nuclei. It is located in the pontine tegmentum. [WP,unvetted]. @@ -144486,14 +144487,14 @@ pontine raphe nucleus - + - + Wikipedia @@ -144577,7 +144578,7 @@ - + @@ -144647,14 +144648,14 @@ https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/lung-female/v1.4/assets/3d-vh-f-lung.glb https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/lung-male/v1.4/assets/3d-vh-m-lung.glb - + - + some species only have a single lung @@ -144936,7 +144937,7 @@ - + @@ -144969,14 +144970,14 @@ epithelium of bronchiole - + - + FMA @@ -145084,7 +145085,7 @@ - + @@ -145118,7 +145119,7 @@ zona glomerulosa of adrenal gland http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5c/Gray1185.png - + @@ -145131,7 +145132,7 @@ - + FMA @@ -145161,8 +145162,8 @@ - - + + @@ -145188,11 +145189,11 @@ zona fasciculata of adrenal gland http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5c/Gray1185.png - + - + @@ -145205,13 +145206,13 @@ - + FMA - + FMA @@ -145240,8 +145241,8 @@ - - + + @@ -145267,11 +145268,11 @@ zona reticularis of adrenal gland http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5c/Gray1185.png - + - + @@ -145284,13 +145285,13 @@ - + FMA - + FMA @@ -145449,7 +145450,7 @@ - + @@ -145483,14 +145484,14 @@ main ciliary ganglion http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/30/Augennerven.jpg - + - + http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9114-8737 inferred @@ -145647,7 +145648,7 @@ - + The femoral artery is a large artery in the muscles of the thigh. It is a continuation of external iliac artery where it enters the femoral triangle at the mid inguinal point behind the inguinal ligament. It leaves femoral triangle through apex beneath the sartorius muscle. It enters the popliteal fossa by passing through the 5th osseo-aponeurotic(adductor hiatus) opening of adductor magnus where it becomes the Popliteal Artery. [WP,unvetted]. Artery which supplies blood via branches to the hindlimbs.[AAO] AAO:0010222 @@ -145670,14 +145671,14 @@ femoral artery http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7d/Gray546.png - + - + FMA WP @@ -145718,9 +145719,9 @@ - - - + + + The truncus arteriosus and bulbus cordis are divided by the aorticopulmonary septum. The truncus arteriosus gives rise to the ascending aorta and the pulmonary trunk. The bulbus cordis gives rise to the smooth parts (outflow tract) of the left and right ventricles. assume spelling error for ncit EHDAA2:0004143 @@ -145738,15 +145739,15 @@ truncus arteriosus - + - + - + @@ -145765,19 +145766,19 @@ - + MA - + EHDAA2 - + EHDAA2 @@ -145808,7 +145809,7 @@ - + The endocardial cushion is a specialized region of mesenchymal cells that will give rise to the heart septa and valves[GO]. Swellings of tissue present between the endocardial and myocardial cell layers that will give rise to the interstitial cells of the cardiac valves[ZFA]. Swellings of tissue present between the endocardial and myocardial cell layers that will give rise to the interstitial cells of the cardiac valves.[TAO] relationship loss: develops_from endocardial ring (TAO:0005072)[TAO] @@ -145840,14 +145841,14 @@ endocardial cushion http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c7/Gray465.png - + - + ZFA @@ -145930,8 +145931,8 @@ - - + + The sinus venosus is a large cardiac chamber at the inflow tract that receives venous blood from systemic circulation. precedes the atrium on the venous side of the chordate heart. Heart region collecting blood from the paired common cardinal veins and delivering to the atrium. One of four components of the heart. The sinus venosus also acts as a pacemaker and is the first to contract. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] @@ -145967,24 +145968,24 @@ sinus venosus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c7/Gray465.png - + - + - + VHOG - + Bgee:AN @@ -146386,7 +146387,7 @@ - + @@ -146417,7 +146418,7 @@ - + The dermis is a layer of skin between the epidermis (with which it makes up the skin) and subcutaneous tissues, and is composed of two layers, the papillary and reticular dermis[WP]. Consider adding a layer-of-skin grouping class for all skin layers @@ -146457,24 +146458,24 @@ dermis http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/EpidermisPainted.svg - + - + - + FMA - + definitional @@ -146531,14 +146532,14 @@ - + - + A fibrous remnant of the allantoic stalk, a narrow fetal canal connecting the apex of the urinary bladder with the umbilicus located in the space of Retzius, between the transversalis fascia anteriorly and the peritoneum posteriorly. its lumen is normally obliterated during development, transforming the urachus into a solid cord, a functionless remnant that persists throughout life as the median umbilical ligament; failure of complete lumen obliteration may result in distinct congenital urachal remnant anomalies[MP]. A fetal canal connecting the bladder with the allantois, persisting throughout life as a cord (median umbilical ligament). [TFD][VHOG] urachal @@ -146563,11 +146564,11 @@ urachus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/63/Gray1156.png - + - + @@ -146580,13 +146581,13 @@ - + EHDAA2 - + EHDAA2 @@ -146849,7 +146850,7 @@ - + @@ -146868,7 +146869,7 @@ - + Lowermost layer of the integumentary system in vertebrates. Types of cells that are found in the hypodermis are fibroblasts, adipose cells, and macrophages. It is derived from the mesoderm, but unlike the dermis, it is not derived from the dermatome region of the mesoderm. The hypodermis is used mainly for fat storage[WP]. A layer separating the inner face of the dermis from the subjacent muscle cells. It is covered on both sides by a basement membrane. It contains pigment cells. Le Guellec et al, 2004.[TAO] @@ -146904,24 +146905,24 @@ hypodermis http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6d/Skin.svg - + - + - + ZFA - + FMA-modified @@ -147008,8 +147009,8 @@ - - + + @@ -147052,24 +147053,24 @@ hair follicle https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4d/Hair_follicle-en.svg - + - + - + FMA - + DOI:10.1016/j.cub.2008.12.005 @@ -147109,7 +147110,7 @@ - + The main part of the hair which is composed of trichocytes and is divided into the cortex and medulla. TODO - add distinct subclasses for coat hair vs vibrissa hair TODO - check definition of trichocyte in CL @@ -147129,14 +147130,14 @@ hair shaft - + - + DOI:10.1016/j.cub.2008.12.005 @@ -147631,8 +147632,8 @@ - - + + A cardiac ventricle that is in the right side of the heart. The muscular chamber on the right and in front of the left ventricle. It generally receives venous blood from the right atrium and conveys it into the pulmonary artery. [(1988)_Dorian_AF, Amsterdam, Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B._Anatomy, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier's_Encyclopaedic_Dictionary_of_Medicine][VHOG] @@ -147665,24 +147666,24 @@ https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/heart-female/v1.3/assets/3d-vh-f-heart.glb https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/heart-male/v1.3/assets/3d-vh-m-heart.glb - + - + - + PMID:17276708 - + cjm @@ -147861,7 +147862,7 @@ - + Cardiac chamber through which blood leaves the heart. A chamber of the heart that receives blood from one or more atria and pumps it by muscular contraction into the arteries.[AAO] One of four heart chambers.[TAO] @@ -147900,14 +147901,14 @@ cardiac ventricle - + - + Bgee:AN @@ -147964,8 +147965,8 @@ - - + + The vascular channel in the fetus passing through the liver and joining the umbilical vein with the inferior vena cava. add class for fetal shunt? The vascular channel in the fetus passing through the liver and joining the umbilical vein with the inferior vena cava. [TFD][VHOG] @@ -147987,11 +147988,11 @@ ductus venosus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ee/Gray502.png - + - + @@ -148004,13 +148005,13 @@ - + EHDAA2 - + cjm @@ -148072,7 +148073,7 @@ - + A cardiac ventricle that is in the left side of the heart. Thick-walled muscular chamber constituting the left border and apex of the heart. It receives oxygenated blood from the left atrium through the mitral orifice and send it off into the aorta. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG] @@ -148106,14 +148107,14 @@ https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/heart-female/v1.3/assets/3d-vh-f-heart.glb https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/heart-male/v1.3/assets/3d-vh-m-heart.glb - + - + GO @@ -148258,8 +148259,8 @@ - - + + A valve at the opening of the sinus venosus into the primordial atrium[TFD,modified]. in humans and mouse this is the opening from SV into right atrium. This class represents the valve connecting the SV to any atrium and is applicable to animals with a single atrium FMA:71120 @@ -148273,24 +148274,24 @@ sinoatrial valve - + - + - + ZFA-modified - + ZFA-modified @@ -148319,7 +148320,7 @@ - + @@ -148332,7 +148333,7 @@ - + The part of the heart connecting the atrium to the cardiac ventricle[ZFA]. In the developing heart, the constriction between the atrium and ventricle constitutes the atrial canal, and indicates the site of the future atrioventricular valves[WP]. The canal connecting the primitive atrium and ventricle in fishes and amniotes embryo. [TFD][VHOG] The heart is the first organ to form and function in a vertebrate. (...) Septation of the AV canal is initiated with the formation of inferior and superior endocardial cushions in response to signaling from the overlying myocardium. (...) Analysis of zebrafish mutants with cardiovascular defects uncovered a previously unexpected level of conservation between zebrafish and human cardiovascular physiology.[uncertain][VHOG] @@ -148362,24 +148363,24 @@ atrioventricular canal http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d8/Gray464.png - + - + - + EHDAA2 - + Bgee:AN @@ -148455,8 +148456,8 @@ - - + + The lateral thoracic vein is a tributary of the axillary vein. It runs with the lateral thoracic artery and drains the serratus ventralis muscle and the Pectoralis major muscle. Normally, the thoracoepigastric vein exists between this vein and superficial epigastric vein (a tributary of femoral vein), to act as a shunt for blood if the portal system (through the liver) develops hypertension or a blockage. [WP,unvetted]. EMAPA:37163 @@ -148472,24 +148473,24 @@ lateral thoracic vein http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e9/Gray576.png - + - + - + FMA/obol - + FMA/obol @@ -148535,7 +148536,7 @@ - + Companion vein of the thoracodorsal artery, draining the apical part of the latissimus dorsi and merging with the circumflex scapular vein to form a subscapular vein. EMAPA:37198 @@ -148546,14 +148547,14 @@ thoracodorsal vein - + - + FMA/obol @@ -149247,7 +149248,7 @@ - + @@ -149291,14 +149292,14 @@ https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/skin-female/v1.4/assets/3d-vh-f-skin.glb https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/skin-male/v1.3/assets/3d-vh-m-skin.glb - + - + Wikipathways:WP2062 @@ -149603,7 +149604,7 @@ - + @@ -149667,7 +149668,7 @@ limb - + @@ -149680,7 +149681,7 @@ - + extends to stem tetrapods such as Eusthenopteron @@ -150184,7 +150185,7 @@ - + @@ -150236,14 +150237,14 @@ https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/spleen-male/v1.3/assets/3d-vh-m-spleen.glb https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Illu_spleen.jpg - + - + multiple sources - true spleen appear in jawed vertebrates @@ -150301,22 +150302,22 @@ - + - + - - + + @@ -150397,19 +150398,19 @@ https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/liver-male/v1.2/assets/3d-vh-m-liver.glb https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/Leber_Schaf.jpg - + - + - + - + @@ -150424,25 +150425,25 @@ - + ZFA - + ZFA-weakened - + EHDAA2 - + http://www.stembook.org/node/512 @@ -150720,7 +150721,7 @@ - + @@ -150773,7 +150774,7 @@ https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b1/GallbladderAnatomy-en.svg https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f4/Abdomal_organs.svg - + @@ -150786,7 +150787,7 @@ - + definitional @@ -151153,7 +151154,7 @@ - + @@ -151166,7 +151167,7 @@ - + @@ -151210,24 +151211,24 @@ kidney - + - + - + FMA - + definitional @@ -151407,7 +151408,7 @@ - + @@ -151451,7 +151452,7 @@ https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/small-intestine-female/v1.2/assets/3d-vh-f-small-intestine.glb https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/small-intestine-male/v1.2/assets/3d-vh-m-small-intestine.glb - + @@ -151465,7 +151466,7 @@ - + Wikipedia @@ -151758,8 +151759,8 @@ - - + + @@ -151803,11 +151804,11 @@ Once the more complex mesonephros forms the pronephros undergoes apoptosis in amphibians. In fishes the nephron degenerates but the organ remains and becomes a component of the immune system[Wikipedia:Pronephros]. // TODO - check developmental relationships. Note that we previously include the ZFA/XAO terms under the more specific 'pronephric kidney', but these are now merged. TODO GCI: relationship: capable_of GO:0030104 pronephros - + - + @@ -151820,13 +151821,13 @@ - + OG - + ZFA @@ -152235,7 +152236,7 @@ - + @@ -152261,14 +152262,14 @@ solitary tract nuclear complex - + - + MA-abduced @@ -152573,7 +152574,7 @@ - + @@ -152612,14 +152613,14 @@ superior olivary complex http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/46/Gray713.png - + - + NIFSTD @@ -152722,7 +152723,7 @@ - + @@ -152769,14 +152770,14 @@ cerebellar cortex https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a7/Cerebellum_NIH.png - + - + Wikipedia @@ -152962,7 +152963,7 @@ - + @@ -153000,14 +153001,14 @@ anterior lobe of cerebellum http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/13/CerebellumRegions.jpg - + - + Wikipedia @@ -153171,7 +153172,7 @@ - + @@ -153190,7 +153191,7 @@ - + A cardial valve in the atrioventricular region that separates the atrium from the ventricle and prevent backflow from the ventricles into the atria during systole. The atrioventricular valve has four distinct leaflets oriented anterior, posterior, left, and right of the atrioventricular orifice. Hu et al. 2001.[TAO] Valve in the heart through which blood flows from the atria to the ventricles. [TFD][VHOG] @@ -153215,24 +153216,24 @@ atrioventricular valve - + - + - + EHDAA2 - + FMA @@ -153435,9 +153436,9 @@ - - - + + + An atrioventricular valve that is part of the outflow part of the left atrium. @@ -153472,34 +153473,34 @@ https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/heart-female/v1.3/assets/3d-vh-f-heart.glb https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/heart-male/v1.3/assets/3d-vh-m-heart.glb - + - + - + - + FMA - + FMA - + FMA @@ -153562,7 +153563,7 @@ - + Layer of the dentate gyrus lying deep to the granule cell layer, within the opening of the C or V formed by the granule cell layer characterized by loosely packed polymorphic cells. BAMS:Hil BAMS:hdg @@ -153585,14 +153586,14 @@ Merge with CA4? hilus of dentate gyrus - + - + NIFSTD @@ -153883,7 +153884,7 @@ - + @@ -153937,7 +153938,7 @@ subcommissural organ http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d7/Gray715.png - + @@ -153950,7 +153951,7 @@ - + MA @@ -154126,7 +154127,7 @@ - + Nucleus that is part of the oculomotor nerve complex consisting of preganglionic parasympathetic neurons situated close to the midline at the level of the superior colliculus (Heimer, the Human Brain and Spinal Cord, 1994, pg 244). @@ -154178,14 +154179,14 @@ parvocellular oculomotor nucleus https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/2658 - + - + FMA MA ZFA @@ -154685,8 +154686,8 @@ - - + + A group of neuron cell bodies that form a thin, caplike configuration over the dorsolateral aspect of the crus cerebri; many of its cells are acetylcholinesterase positive. @@ -154713,24 +154714,24 @@ UBERON:0002144 peripeduncular nucleus - + - + - + NIFSTD - + MA @@ -154812,7 +154813,7 @@ - + IP BAMS:IPN @@ -154843,14 +154844,14 @@ interpeduncular nucleus - + - + NIF @@ -155157,7 +155158,7 @@ - + @@ -155215,14 +155216,14 @@ locus ceruleus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/77/Gray709.png - + - + check ZFA NIFSTD @@ -155350,7 +155351,7 @@ - + Nucleus containing parasympathetic neurons giving rise to the parasympathetic division of the facial nerve, innervating the salivary glands (Brodal, Neurological Anatomy, 3rd ed., 1981, pg 703). @@ -155386,14 +155387,14 @@ superior salivatory nucleus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6b/Gray788.png - + - + definitional @@ -155854,7 +155855,7 @@ - + Regional part of medullary white matter (according to Neuronames) primarily found at the level of the pons, consisting of a very large bundle of fibers originating in the pontine nuclei projecting to the cerebellum (MM). BAMS:BP @@ -155889,14 +155890,14 @@ middle cerebellar peduncle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2b/Gray705.png - + - + FMA @@ -156129,12 +156130,12 @@ - + - + A nucleus of the lateral medullary nuclear complex. @@ -156167,7 +156168,7 @@ lateral reticular nucleus - + @@ -156180,7 +156181,7 @@ - + FMA @@ -156389,7 +156390,7 @@ - + The nucleus raphe magnus, located directly rostral to the raphe obscurus, is afferently stimulated from axons in the spinal cord and cerebellum. This makes the magnus a likely candidate for part of the motor system; however, it seems to participate in the endogenous analgesia system. The magnus receives descending afferents from the periaqueductal gray, the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, central nucleus of the amygdala, lateral hypothalamic area, parvocellular reticular nucleus and the prelimbic, infralimbic, medial and lateral precentral cortices . All of these brain areas influence the main function of the raphe magnus. The main function of the magnus is mostly pain mediation; in fact it sends projections to the dorsal horn of the spinal cord to directly inhibit pain. The periaquiductal gray, the epicenter of analgesia, sends efferent connections to the nucleus raphe magnus in when it is stimulated by opiates (endogenous or otherwise). Electrical stimulation of the PAG produces analgesia, as well as administration of morphine to the PAG or n.r. magnus. The antinociceptic effects of electrical stimulation of the PAG can be blocked by administering naloxone, an opiate antagonist, to the n.r. magnus. All of this seems to indicate that the magnus is part of the endogenous opiate system, and acts to inhibit pain in the spinal cord. [WP,unvetted]. @@ -156422,14 +156423,14 @@ nucleus raphe magnus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/94/Gray694.png - + - + FMA NIF Wikipedia @@ -156518,7 +156519,7 @@ - + The nucleus raphe pallidus receives afferent connections from the periaqueductal gray, the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, central nucleus of the amygdala, lateral hypothalamic area, and parvocellular reticular nucleus. Also, the pallidus receives afferents from the medial preoptic area, median preoptic nucleus and lateral paragigantocellular reticular nuclei . The pallidus has recently been shown to be involved in the activation of a fever as an immunoreaction. It has been implied that the preoptic area is constantly inhibiting the raphe pallidus, especially the rostral portion, with GABA. When the preoptic area receives immune signals from the body, the inhibition stops and the rostral portion of the raphe pallidus excites the intermediolateral cell column, which induces a fever . The raphe pallidus has also been known to mediate the tachycardia response, an extremely high heart rate known to be incited by emotional or psychological stress. Microinjections of a GABA-a antagonist into the raphe pallidus, induces an increased heart rate. Conversely, microinjections of muscimol, a GABA-a agonist, inhibit tachycardia in rats under air-stress stimuli. In both of these cases, GABA is mediating two different sympathetic responses, so clearly the nucleus raphe pallidus is a far more a complex nucleus than previously thought. [WP,unvetted]. @@ -156547,14 +156548,14 @@ nucleus raphe pallidus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/94/Gray694.png - + - + FMA @@ -156840,7 +156841,7 @@ - + Nucleus in the caudal medulla that receive projections primarily from ipsilateral dorsal root ganglion cells via the posterior column of the spinal cord. in species with reduced hindlimbs (e.g. cetaceans) the size of this nucleus is reduced @@ -156873,7 +156874,7 @@ gracile nucleus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/df/Gray688.png - + @@ -156888,7 +156889,7 @@ - + Wikipedia @@ -156971,7 +156972,7 @@ - + @@ -157016,7 +157017,7 @@ area postrema http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/77/Gray709.png - + @@ -157029,7 +157030,7 @@ - + MA ZFA @@ -157317,7 +157318,7 @@ - + The endocardium is an anatomical structure comprised of an endothelium and an extracellular matrix that forms the innermost layer of tissue of the heart, and lines the heart chambers[GO]. Layer that lines the lumen of the heart.[TAO] Part of the heart comprised of thin serous membrane, composed of endothelial tissue, that lines the interior of the heart.[AAO] @@ -157359,14 +157360,14 @@ endocardium http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6c/Gray493.png - + - + Bgee:AN @@ -157686,15 +157687,15 @@ - + - - + + @@ -157726,24 +157727,24 @@ alveolar sac - + - + - + MA - + FMA @@ -158554,7 +158555,7 @@ - + The white substance of the spinal cord lying on either side between the ventral median fissure and the ventral roots of the spinal nerves. FMA:74003 @@ -158579,14 +158580,14 @@ ventral funiculus of spinal cord http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dc/Medulla_spinalis_-_Section_-_English.svg - + - + FMA-abduced-lr @@ -158754,7 +158755,7 @@ - + @@ -158797,14 +158798,14 @@ https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/main-bronchus-female/v1.1/assets/3d-vh-f-main-bronchus.glb https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/main-bronchus-male/v1.1/assets/3d-vh-m-main-bronchus.glb - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -158850,7 +158851,7 @@ - + @@ -158907,14 +158908,14 @@ lobar bronchus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/df/Illu_quiz_lung05.jpg - + - + FMA @@ -158965,7 +158966,7 @@ - + @@ -159028,14 +159029,14 @@ https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/lung-female/v1.4/assets/3d-vh-f-lung.glb https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/lung-male/v1.4/assets/3d-vh-m-lung.glb - + - + FMA @@ -159168,8 +159169,8 @@ - - + + The conducting airway of the lungs found terminal to the bronchi; these structures contain neither cartilage nor mucous-secreting glands; the epithelium of the bronchioles becomes thinner with each branching. bronchiolar lacks submucosa and cartilage plates; they have 3 layers: mucosa, muscular layer and outer layer @@ -159199,24 +159200,24 @@ bronchiole https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/db/Alveoli_diagram.png - + - + - + MA - + FMA @@ -159352,7 +159353,7 @@ - + @@ -159392,14 +159393,14 @@ respiratory bronchiole https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/db/Alveoli_diagram.png - + - + ISBN:0123813611 @@ -159601,8 +159602,8 @@ - - + + Part of the hippocampal formation that is bounded by the entorhinal cortex and area CA1. It is characterized on the CA1 border by an abrupt widening of the pyramidal cell layer. A molecular layer is present that is continuous with that of CA1, although the stratum radiatum is no longer present. The stratum oriens is also not present. adapted from Paxinos, G. The rat central nervous system, 2nd ed, Academic Press, San Diego, 1995, pg. 468). @@ -159642,24 +159643,24 @@ subiculum https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/Hippocampus.gif - + - + - + NIFSTD - + Wikipedia @@ -160043,16 +160044,16 @@ - - + + - - + + @@ -160115,44 +160116,44 @@ adenohypophysis http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fb/Gray1181.png - + - + - + - + - + ZFA - + ZFA - + PMID:19084529 - + NCBIBook:NBK53175 ZFA @@ -160310,7 +160311,7 @@ - + Elevation on the ventral surface of the brain located at the zone of attachment between the hypothalamic floor and the hypophysis (Butler and Hodos, Comparative Vertebrate Neuroanatomy, 2nd ed., 2005, pg. 446). Region of the neurohypophysis.[AAO] It (the hypophysis) develops embryonically in all vertebrates from two ectodermal evaginations that meet and unite. An infundibulum grows ventrally from the diencephalon of the brain, and Rathke's pouch extends dorsally from the roof of the developing mouth, or stomodaeum. The infundibulum remains connected to the floor of the diencephalon, which becomes the hypothalamus, and gives rise to the part of the gland known as the neurohypophysis. (...) Rathke's pouch loses its connection with the stomodaeum in most adult vertebrates and gives rise to the rest of the gland, the adenohypophysis. (...) A well-developed hypophyseal system with functional connections to the hypothalamus is unique to craniates.[well established][VHOG] @@ -160353,14 +160354,14 @@ median eminence of neurohypophysis http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/HypothalamicNuclei.PNG - + - + ISBN:0471888893 @@ -160459,16 +160460,16 @@ - - + + - - + + The posterior part of the pituitary gland that secretes hormones involved in blood pressure regulation such as oxytocin and antidiuretic hormon. request magnocellular cell from CL. Request oxytocin secretion from GO. Notes: 'The hypophysis or pituitary gland is derived, in part from an ectodermal outpocketing of the stomodeum (Rathke's Pouch) and in part from the floor of the diencephalon' @@ -160528,19 +160529,19 @@ neurohypophysis http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b9/Pituitary_gland_representation.PNG - + - + - + - + @@ -160553,25 +160554,25 @@ - + ZFA - + PMID:19084529 - + Wikipedia - + Wikipedia @@ -160743,7 +160744,7 @@ - + @@ -160803,7 +160804,7 @@ integument - + @@ -160816,7 +160817,7 @@ - + FMA @@ -161158,7 +161159,7 @@ - + Vasculature that is part of the eye region. not part of the eye in ZFA. Note this changed to a blood vessel in ZFA @@ -161181,14 +161182,14 @@ https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/blood-vasculature-female/v1.3/assets/3d-vh-f-blood-vasculature.glb https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/blood-vasculature-male/v1.3/assets/3d-vh-m-blood-vasculature.glb - + - + ISBN:0781772214 @@ -161247,7 +161248,7 @@ - + @@ -161287,14 +161288,14 @@ musculoskeletal system - + - + check ctenophore @@ -161344,7 +161345,7 @@ - + @@ -161378,7 +161379,7 @@ manubrium of sternum http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/Gray116.png - + @@ -161391,7 +161392,7 @@ - + ISBN:0073040584 @@ -161433,8 +161434,8 @@ - - + + @@ -161486,24 +161487,24 @@ mammillary body http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/97/Gray1180.png - + - + - + ABA - + GO definition @@ -161629,7 +161630,7 @@ - + A cartilaginous extension to the distal part of the sternum. this class may represent a mixed bony-cartilage element, or it may be the superclass of either purely cartilage or purely ossified elements usually ossified in the adult human. By age 15 to 29, the xiphoid usually fuses to the body of the sternum with a fibrous joint. Unlike the synovial articulation of major joints, this is non-movable. Much the way the first seven ribs articulate with the sternum, the cartilage in the celiac plexus joins on the xiphoid process, reinforcing it, and indirectly attaches the costal cartilage to the sternum. @@ -161658,14 +161659,14 @@ xiphoid process http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4d/Gray117.png - + - + ISBN:0073040584 @@ -161757,7 +161758,7 @@ - + @@ -161779,14 +161780,14 @@ sternebra http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/12/Illu_thoracic_cage.jpg - + - + MA @@ -161809,7 +161810,7 @@ - + Nonsynovial joint in which the articulating bones or cartilages are connected by ligaments. Examples: sagittal suture, inferior tibiofibular syndesmosis, gomphosis.[FMA]. A joint where fibrous tissue such as ligament connects two calcified tissues.[TAO] AEO:0000178 @@ -161829,7 +161830,7 @@ fibrous joint - + @@ -161842,7 +161843,7 @@ - + AEO @@ -162530,7 +162531,7 @@ - + @@ -162558,7 +162559,7 @@ Gene notes: Gsc and Prx1 are essential for tympanic ring development tympanic ring - + @@ -162571,7 +162572,7 @@ - + MA @@ -162629,7 +162630,7 @@ - + Group of neurons situated on the ventral surface of the fornix at the level of the foramen of Monro in the third ventricle (adapted from Wikipedia via NIF). @@ -162657,7 +162658,7 @@ subfornical organ http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d7/Gray715.png - + @@ -162670,7 +162671,7 @@ - + MA-modified @@ -162748,7 +162749,7 @@ - + @@ -162778,14 +162779,14 @@ https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/1795 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b3/Gray197.png - + - + MA ZFA @@ -162901,7 +162902,7 @@ - + From the posterior wall of the saccule a canal, the ductus endolymphaticus, is given off; this duct is joined by the ductus utriculosaccularis, and then passes along the aquaeductus vestibuli and ends in a blind pouch, the endolymphatic sac, on the posterior surface of the petrous portion of the temporal bone, where it is in contact with the dura mater. Studies suggest that the endolymphatic duct and endolymphatic sac perform both absorptive and secretory, as well as phagocytic and immunodefensive,functions . [WP,unvetted]. EHDAA2 structure is embryonic The blind extremity of the endolymphatic duct. [TFD][VHOG] @@ -162925,7 +162926,7 @@ endolymphatic sac - + @@ -162938,7 +162939,7 @@ - + EHDAA2 @@ -163079,7 +163080,7 @@ - + The costal margin, sometimes referred to as the costal arch, is the medial margin formed by the false ribs, which in humans is from the eighth rib to the tenth rib. we treat margin and arch in FMA as equivalent here, as a temporary measure. This may be split in future. We follow MA in making this a part of the rib. EMAPA:37491 @@ -163099,7 +163100,7 @@ costal arch http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3d/Gray115.png - + @@ -163112,7 +163113,7 @@ - + MA @@ -163251,15 +163252,15 @@ - + - - + + @@ -163305,34 +163306,34 @@ http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c7/Cochlea-crosssection.png http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cb/Cochlea-crosssection.svg - + - + - + - + MA - + Wikipedia:Scala_media - + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/387 @@ -163418,7 +163419,7 @@ - + An intersegmental rod-shaped bone that forms in the peritoneal membrane and attach to the vertebral parapophyses. Endochondral bone that is intersegmental and rod-shaped, forming in the peritoneal membrane and attached to the vertebral parapophyses. Ribs protect and support internal organs.[TAO] @@ -163454,14 +163455,14 @@ rib - + - + definitional @@ -163518,16 +163519,16 @@ - - + + - - + + @@ -163557,45 +163558,45 @@ interparietal bone - + - + - + - + - + vault series ISBN:0073040584 - + PMID:11523816 - + MP:0000077 - + definitional @@ -163676,7 +163677,7 @@ - + @@ -163699,7 +163700,7 @@ head of rib http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5c/Gray122.png - + @@ -163712,7 +163713,7 @@ - + PMID:15906248 @@ -163748,7 +163749,7 @@ - + EMAPA:36014 FMA:7577 MA:0001416 @@ -163763,14 +163764,14 @@ UBERON:0002231 body of rib - + - + PMID:15906248 @@ -163862,7 +163863,7 @@ - + The overlaying membrane of the cochlear duct, an extracellular matrix of the inner ear that contacts the stereocilia bundles of specialized sensory hair cells; sound induces movement of these hair cells relative to the tectorial membrane, deflects the stereocilia, and leads to fluctuations in hair cell membrane potential, transducing sound into electrical signals[MP,modified]. The tectorial membrane (TM) is one of two acellular gels in the cochlea of the inner ear, the other being the basilar membrane (BM). The TM is located above the sulcus spiralis internus and the spiral organ of Corti and extends along the longitudinal length of the cochlea parallel to the BM. Radially the TM is divided into three zones, the limbal, middle and marginal zones. Of these the limbal zone is the thinnest (transversally) and overlies the auditory teeth of Huschke with its inside edge attached to the spiral limbus. The marginal zone is the thickest (transversally) and is divided from the middle zone by Hensen's Stripe. It overlies the sensory inner hair cells and electrically-motile outer hair cells of the organ of Corti and during acoustic stimulation stimulates the inner hair cells through fluid coupling, and the outer hair cells via direct connection to their tallest stereocilia[Wikipedia:Tectorial_membrane_(cochlea)]. in some squamate lineages, the tectorial membrane may not cover the whole cochlear duct/papilla. In some lineages, the tectorial membrane is divided into units called sallets[ISBN:9780387714691] @@ -163885,7 +163886,7 @@ tectorial membrane of cochlea - + @@ -163898,7 +163899,7 @@ - + limbal zone @@ -164026,13 +164027,13 @@ - + - + The tubercle of a rib is an eminence on the posterior surface, at the junction of the neck and body of the rib, and nearer the lower than the upper border. It consists of an articular and a non-articular portion. The articular portion, the lower and more medial of the two, presents a small, oval surface for articulation with the end of the transverse process of the lower of the two vertebrae to which the head is connected. The non-articular portion is a rough elevation, and affords attachment to the ligament of the tubercle. The tubercle is much more prominent in the upper than in the lower ribs[WP]. EMAPA:37736 @@ -164050,14 +164051,14 @@ tubercle of rib - + - + FMA @@ -164348,15 +164349,15 @@ - + - - + + Part of the central nervous system located in the vertebral canal continuous with and caudal to the brain; demarcated from brain by plane of foramen magnum. It is composed of an inner core of gray matter in which nerve cells predominate, and an outer layer of white matter in which myelinated nerve fibers predominate, and surrounds the central canal. (CUMBO). TODO - add superclass to unify with VNC? @@ -164415,34 +164416,34 @@ https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/spinal-cord-female/v1.1/assets/3d-vh-f-spinal-cord.glb https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/spinal-cord-male/v1.1/assets/3d-vh-m-spinal-cord.glb - + - + - + - + ZFA - + definitional - + definitional @@ -164654,7 +164655,7 @@ - + @@ -164685,14 +164686,14 @@ nucleus pulposus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d9/Cervical_vertebra_english.png - + - + mah ISBN:0073040584 Wikipedia @@ -164799,8 +164800,8 @@ - - + + One of the bones of the upper jaw situated between and in front of the maxillae[VHOG]. requires checking embryonic vs adult; isa fetal organ part in FMA; adult bone of upper jaw in AAO and ZFA; split. Note that we have loops if we add develops_from UBERON:0005620 primary palate @@ -164838,24 +164839,24 @@ premaxilla http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4a/Gray160.png - + - + - + ISBN:0073040584 - + Bgee:AN @@ -165181,7 +165182,7 @@ - + @@ -165216,14 +165217,14 @@ uterine horn http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/27/Illu_female_pelvis.jpg - + - + MA @@ -165252,7 +165253,7 @@ - + The passage between the venous and arterial mesocardia -i.e., between the aorta and pulmonary artery in front and the superior vena cava behind. Also, the sinus that forms in the pericardial cavity where the dorso-mesentary pericardium reside.[WP,unvetted]. transverse sinus EHDAA2:0002077 @@ -165269,14 +165270,14 @@ transverse pericardial sinus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7e/Gray489.png - + - + MA @@ -165406,11 +165407,11 @@ - - - - - + + + + + The iliocostalis is the muscle immediately lateral to the longissimus that is the nearest to the furrow that separates the epaxial muscles from the hypaxial. It lies very deep to the fleshy portion of the serratus ventralis (serratus anterior). [WP,unvetted]. EMAPA:37603 FMA:77177 @@ -165429,23 +165430,23 @@ iliocostalis muscle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/89/Iliostalis.png - + - + - + - + - + @@ -165458,33 +165459,33 @@ - + Wikipedia - + dbpedia - + Sacrum/Illiac Crest/Spinous Processes of lower lumbar/thoracic vertebrae dbpedia - + Sacrum/Illiac Crest/Spinous Processes of lower lumbar/thoracic vertebrae dbpedia - + Ribs dbpedia @@ -165597,7 +165598,7 @@ - + An embryological anatomical structure that forms an open connection between the initial area of development of the thyroid gland and its final position; it is located exactly midline, between the anterior 2/3rds and posterior 1/3rd of the tongue; this duct normally atrophies and closes off as the foramen cecum before birth. An embryonic duct extending between the thyroid primordium and the posterior tongue. [TFD][VHOG] A duct, called the thyroglossal duct in mammals, is considered to be characteristic of thyroid development. The thyroglossal duct, degenerating in many species during late development, marks the way the thyroid primordium relocates during embryonic development from the pharynx to its position deep in the cervical mesenchyme. We cannot exclude that the duct of the endostyle and the thyroglossal duct may have evolved independently, but as they both represent a more or less persistent connection of the organ to the pharynx, it is likely that they are homologous structures.[well established][VHOG] @@ -165619,7 +165620,7 @@ thyroglossal duct https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fd/Illu08_thyroid.jpg - + @@ -165632,7 +165633,7 @@ - + MA VHOG @@ -165713,9 +165714,9 @@ - - - + + + An organ thought to supplement the olfactory system in receiving pheromonic communication. The sensory part of the organ is in two long, thin sacs, situated on either side of the nasal septum at its base. An organ thought to supplement the olfactory system in receiving pheromonic communication. The sensory part of the organ is in two long, thin sacs, situated on either side of the nasal septum at its base. [TFD][VHOG] (...) the vomeronasal organ is known only in some tetrapods. It is absent in most turtles, crocodiles, birds, some bats, and aquatic mammals. In amphibians, it is in a recessed area off the main nasal cavity. (...) In mammals possesing this organ, it is an isolated area of olfactory membrane within the nasal cavity that is usually connected to the mouth via the nasopalatine duct (reference 1); The opinions concerning the presence and functioning of the vomeronasal organ in humans are controversial. The vomeronasal cavities appear early in human foetuses. (...) Historical examination of the nasal septum revealed the presence of vomeronasal cavities in approximately 70% of adults. In contrast to the situation in other mammals, the organ is not supported by a rigid tube of bone or cartilage (reference 2); (...) the best evidence for the homology of the human VNO to that of other primates (and of mammals in general) is ontogenetic in nature, based on a common embryonic origin from a thickening (vomeronasal primordium) on the medial aspect of each olfactory pit (reference 3); (...) suggesting that lungfish possess a region homologous to the accessory olfactory bulb of tetrapods. Based on these results, it seems appropriate to refer to the recess epithelium as a primordium of the vomeronasal organ (reference 4). [debated][VHOG] @@ -165749,34 +165750,34 @@ vomeronasal organ http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/84/Gray51.png - + - + - + - + Wikipedia - + Wikipedia - + EHDAA2-abduced @@ -165850,8 +165851,8 @@ - - + + @@ -165904,24 +165905,24 @@ dorsal horn of spinal cord http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dc/Medulla_spinalis_-_Section_-_English.svg - + - + - + FMA-abduced-lr - + GO @@ -166064,7 +166065,7 @@ - + @@ -166115,14 +166116,14 @@ ventral horn of spinal cord - + - + FMA-abduced-lr @@ -166254,7 +166255,7 @@ - + The white substance of the spinal cord lying on either side between the posterior median sulcus and the dorsal root. ZFA class is undefined. We currently do not place this as part of the DCML pathway as this would lead to taxon constraint violations. FMA:77461 @@ -166278,14 +166279,14 @@ dorsal funiculus of spinal cord http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dc/Medulla_spinalis_-_Section_-_English.svg - + - + FMA-abduced-lr @@ -166581,7 +166582,7 @@ - + @@ -166624,7 +166625,7 @@ dorsal root of spinal cord https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Spinal_nerve.svg - + @@ -166637,7 +166638,7 @@ - + Wikipedia @@ -166810,7 +166811,7 @@ - + @@ -166847,14 +166848,14 @@ lentiform nucleus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fc/Gray741.png - + - + MA @@ -166914,8 +166915,8 @@ - - + + @@ -166984,24 +166985,24 @@ https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/brain-female/v1.4/assets/3d-allen-f-brain.glb https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/brain-male/v1.4/assets/3d-allen-m-brain.glb - + - + - + ZFA - + ISBN:0471888893 @@ -167420,7 +167421,7 @@ - + The laterodorsal tegmental nucleus (or lateroposterior tegmental nucleus) is a nucleus situated in the brainstem, spanning the midbrain tegmentum and the pontine tegmentum. [WP,unvetted]. @@ -167446,14 +167447,14 @@ laterodorsal tegmental nucleus - + - + MA @@ -167627,7 +167628,7 @@ - + The pupillary membrane in mammals exists in the fetus as a source of blood supply for the lens. It normally atrophies from the time of birth to the age of four to eight weeks. FMA:77663 MA:0001293 @@ -167636,14 +167637,14 @@ UBERON:0002269 pupillary membrane - + - + MA-modified @@ -167661,10 +167662,10 @@ - - - - + + + + @@ -167677,7 +167678,7 @@ - + @@ -167711,23 +167712,23 @@ hyaloid artery http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/Schematic_diagram_of_the_human_eye_en.svg - + - + - + - + - + @@ -167740,31 +167741,31 @@ - + Wikipedia - + ZFA - + EHDAA2 - + EHDAA2 - + EHDAA2 @@ -168072,7 +168073,7 @@ - + The osseous spiral lamina consists of two plates of bone, and between these are the canals for the transmission of the filaments of the acoustic nerve. On the upper plate of that part of the lamina which is outside the vestibular membrane, the periosteum is thickened to form the limbus spiralis (or limbus laminæ spiralis), this ends externally in a concavity, the sulcus spiralis internus, which represents, on section, the form of the letter C. [WP,unvetted]. EMAPA:35496 @@ -168092,14 +168093,14 @@ lamina of spiral limbus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a5/Gray930.png - + - + MA @@ -168133,7 +168134,7 @@ - + A concavity in the floor of the cochlear duct, formed by either the overhanging vestibular lip (inner spiral sulcus) or the spiral prominence and the spiral organ (outer spiral sulcus). EMAPA:35800 FMA:77744 @@ -168143,14 +168144,14 @@ UBERON:0002277 spiral sulcus - + - + MA @@ -168166,7 +168167,7 @@ - + @@ -168193,14 +168194,14 @@ perilymphatic space - + - + ZFA @@ -168287,7 +168288,7 @@ - + @@ -168340,14 +168341,14 @@ otolith http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cb/Bigotolith.jpg - + - + MP Wikipedia @@ -168523,7 +168524,7 @@ - + The upper portion of the spiral ligament contains numerous capillary loops and small blood vessels, and is termed the stria vascularis. It produces endolymph for the scala media, one of the three fluid-filled compartments of the cochlea. [WP,unvetted]. represented as a wall in FMA. MESH def implies part of spiral ligament but better represented as adjacency / overlaps BIRNLEX:2525 @@ -168552,14 +168553,14 @@ stria vascularis of cochlear duct http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c7/Cochlea-crosssection.png - + - + FMA MA @@ -168757,7 +168758,7 @@ - + A brain ventricle that is part of a telencephalon. In mammals and species with an evaginated telencephalon, this is one of a pair of lateral structures, one in each hemisphere. The lateral ventricles are part of the ventricular system of the brain. Classified as part of the telencephalon, they are the largest of the ventricles. The lateral ventricles connect to the central third ventricle through the interventricular foramina of Monro[WP]. @@ -168810,14 +168811,14 @@ telencephalic ventricle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7d/Gray734.png - + - + material to immaterial EHDAA2 @@ -168914,7 +168915,7 @@ - + @@ -168964,14 +168965,14 @@ third ventricle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7d/Gray734.png - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -169218,7 +169219,7 @@ - + Part of ventricular system of brain consisting of a narrow channel in the midbrain connecting the third and fourth ventricles. (Maryann Martone). The early development of most vertebrate brains is similar (...). The zebrafish neural tube follows the same basic differentiation pattern as the mammalian neural tube (reference 1); The brain develops from three embryonic enlargements of the neural tube, which later differentiate into five regions. A forebrain differentiates into telencephalon and diencephalon. The midbrain, or mesencephalon, remains undivided. The hindbrain divides into the metencephalon and myelencephalon. Cavities within the brain enlarge to form a series of interconnected ventricles (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] @@ -169280,14 +169281,14 @@ midbrain cerebral aqueduct http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/da/Cn3nucleus.png - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -169507,8 +169508,8 @@ - - + + @@ -169570,11 +169571,11 @@ central canal of spinal cord http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dc/Medulla_spinalis_-_Section_-_English.svg - + - + @@ -169587,13 +169588,13 @@ - + MA - + FMA @@ -169957,7 +169958,7 @@ - + @@ -169980,7 +169981,7 @@ scala media http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bc/Gray928.png - + @@ -169993,7 +169994,7 @@ - + FMA @@ -170018,7 +170019,7 @@ - + @@ -170048,14 +170049,14 @@ dorsal mesentery http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/85/Gray985.png - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -170350,7 +170351,7 @@ - + @@ -170363,7 +170364,7 @@ - + @@ -170400,24 +170401,24 @@ alveolus of lung https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/46/Alveolus_diagram.svg - + - + - + MA - + PMID:12625309 PMID:12869615 @@ -170630,7 +170631,7 @@ - + @@ -170649,7 +170650,7 @@ - + An anatomical structure which consists of juxtaglomerular cells, extraglomerular mesangial cells and the macula densa. The juxtaglomerular apparatus lies adjacent to the glomerulus and regulates kidney function by maintaining the blood flow to the kidney and the filtration rate[GO]. a microscopic structure in the kidney, which regulates the function of each nephron. The juxtaglomerular apparatus is named for its proximity to the glomerulus: it is found between the vascular pole of the renal corpuscle and the returning distal convoluted tubule of the same nephron. This location is critical to its function in regulating renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate. The three cellular components of the apparatus are the macula densa, extraglomerular mesangial cells, and juxtaglomerular cells (also known as granular cells)[WP]. BTO:0005157 @@ -170671,24 +170672,24 @@ juxtaglomerular apparatus - + - + - + MA - + GO @@ -171096,8 +171097,8 @@ - - + + @@ -171139,25 +171140,25 @@ hippocampus fimbria http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6b/Gray749.png - + - + - + Need to determine whether the fimbria is part of the fornix. Sometimes the language suggests it isn't always thought of that way, but I see no useful reason why it should be separate; it all forms one continuous white matter tract. Neuronames and others include this as part of the hippocampal formation (MM) NIFSTD - + MA NIFSTD @@ -171394,7 +171395,7 @@ - + Dorsal part of the midbrain, consisting of the superior and inferior colliculi and the pretectal nuclei (MM). The tectum - a multisensory, topologically mapped structure in the roof of the midbrain presents a remarkable degree of conservation in all vertebrate radiations; although it varies in the extent of its development in different vertebrate classes, there is considerable evidence now to deem its layered structure, its cell types, and its hodological pattern as homologous in all vertebrates.[well established][VHOG] In adult humans it is present only in the mesencephalon as the inferior and the superior colliculi @@ -171433,14 +171434,14 @@ midbrain tectum http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cf/Gray685.png - + - + Wikipedia @@ -171764,7 +171765,7 @@ - + Regional part of cerebellum consisting of the myelinated axons lying deep to the granule cell layer, excluding the deep cerebellar nuclei and the cerebellar peduncles. CNS white matter that is part of the cerebellum.[TAO] in NIF this is a composite structure; in MA and FMA it is explicitly part of cerebellum. This leads to consistency problems with strict parcellation schemes like ABA, see cerebellar peduncles. In NIF this is a composite structure, this is followed partially here in weakening the relationship to overlaps @@ -171794,14 +171795,14 @@ white matter of cerebellum - + - + FMA-weakened MA-weakened @@ -172070,7 +172071,7 @@ - + @@ -172093,14 +172094,14 @@ glomerular mesangium - + - + GO @@ -172118,8 +172119,8 @@ - - + + @@ -172136,24 +172137,24 @@ EDITOR_NOTE check MA part_ofs - should be spatially disjoint from renal glomerulus? extraglomerular mesangium - + - + - + MA - + MA @@ -172216,7 +172217,7 @@ - + @@ -172257,14 +172258,14 @@ EDITOR_NOTE check the FMA placement here; ncit placement of body cavity here probably not correct coelemic cavity lumen - + - + definitional @@ -172370,7 +172371,7 @@ - + Any muscle organ that is part of a back [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:35161 @@ -172384,14 +172385,14 @@ muscle of back - + - + prolog @@ -172640,9 +172641,9 @@ - - - + + + @@ -172697,15 +172698,15 @@ notochord http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/Gray19_with_color.png - + - + - + @@ -172724,19 +172725,19 @@ - + http://tolweb.org/Chordata/2499 - + ZFA - + EHDAA2 @@ -172821,8 +172822,8 @@ - - + + Somites are spheres of epithelial cells that form sequentially along the anterior-posterior axis of the embryo through mesenchymal to epithelial transition of the presomitic mesoderm. EDITOR_NOTE currently classified as an epithelial vesicle, consistent with EHDAA2 and https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/The-neural-crest. Consider making 'somitic mesoderm' a separate term and correlate with regionalization processes. Consider moving ZFA term to 'trunk somite' as it is part of the trunk @@ -172868,11 +172869,11 @@ somite http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/Gray19_with_color.png - + - + @@ -172885,13 +172886,13 @@ - + GOTAX:0000352 - + ZFA @@ -173379,8 +173380,8 @@ - - + + The macula densa is an area of specialized cells in the distal tubule that makes contact with the vascular pole of the glomerulus[GO]. not part of a nephron or distal tubule in MA and FMA @@ -173399,24 +173400,24 @@ macula densa - + - + - + MA - + GO @@ -173446,7 +173447,7 @@ - + @@ -173494,7 +173495,7 @@ https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/brain-female/v1.4/assets/3d-allen-f-brain.glb https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/brain-male/v1.4/assets/3d-allen-m-brain.glb - + @@ -173514,7 +173515,7 @@ - + Wikipedia @@ -173634,7 +173635,7 @@ - + A lamina propria that is part of a bronchus [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:35194 FMA:86619 @@ -173663,14 +173664,14 @@ UBERON:0002338 lamina propria of bronchus - + - + true https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Inferring-part-of-relationships @@ -174180,12 +174181,12 @@ - - - - - - + + + + + + A specialized region of ectoderm found between the neural ectoderm (neural plate) and non-neural ectoderm and composed of highly migratory pluripotent cells that delaminate in early embryonic development from the dorsal neural tube and give rise to an astounding variety of differentiated cell types[MP]. EDITOR_NOTE consider including subclasses for pre- and post- migratory (e.g. sheets/paths/streams). @@ -174224,66 +174225,66 @@ http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5f/Gray644.png https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8f/Neural_Crest.png - + - + - + - + - + - + - + XAO https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/The-neural-crest - + Hall and others restrict NC to vertebrates but we opt for a less restrictive constraint to avoid inconsistencies when areas such as P1 area of pallium in hagfishes inherit cell lineage from telecephalon-contributing NC cells ISBN:0073040584 - + BTO - + PMID:11523831 - + pre migratory https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/The-neural-crest - + PMID:11523831 @@ -174656,15 +174657,15 @@ - - + + - + A region of the serous membrane that forms the innermost layer of the pericardium and the outer surface of the heart. External layer of the heart.[TAO] @@ -174694,34 +174695,34 @@ EDITOR_NOTE TODO - check links with UBERON:0002425 visceral serous pericardium. develops from proepicardium. WP:Epicardium -- When considered as a part of the pericardium, it is the inner layer, or visceral pericardium, continuous with the serous layer. epicardium - + - + - + - + multiple - + FMA-inferred - + FMA @@ -174907,11 +174908,11 @@ - - - - - + + + + + @@ -174948,23 +174949,23 @@ conducting system of heart - + - + - + - + - + @@ -174977,31 +174978,31 @@ - + FMA - + FMA - + FMA - + FMA - + FMA @@ -175068,7 +175069,7 @@ - + @@ -175132,7 +175133,7 @@ http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Sinoatrial_node_low_mag.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/de/Sinoatrial_node_2_low_mag.jpg - + @@ -175145,7 +175146,7 @@ - + ZFA @@ -175422,8 +175423,8 @@ - - + + @@ -175461,11 +175462,11 @@ http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/50/ConductionsystemoftheheartwithouttheHeart.png http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b6/ECG_Principle_fast.gif - + - + @@ -175478,13 +175479,13 @@ - + GO - + FMA @@ -175552,8 +175553,8 @@ - - + + @@ -175583,11 +175584,11 @@ cardiac Purkinje fiber http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/96/Gray498.png - + - + @@ -175600,7 +175601,7 @@ - + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/1785 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5208-3432 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9791-0064 @@ -175608,7 +175609,7 @@ - + FMA @@ -175755,7 +175756,7 @@ - + Subdivision of trunk proper, which is demarcated from the pelvis by the inferior surface of the pelvic diaphragm and from the lower limbs by the perineofemoral lines; together with the thorax, abdomen, and pelvis, it constitutes the trunk[FMA]. perianal FMA has class anal part of perineum, which may be the same as what EHDAA2 calls perineum @@ -175782,7 +175783,7 @@ perineum http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ef/Gray406.png - + @@ -175795,7 +175796,7 @@ - + EHDAA2 @@ -175832,7 +175833,7 @@ - + @@ -175845,7 +175846,7 @@ - + Serous membrane which is divided into parietal and visceral serous pericardium. EMAPA:19030 FMA:9582 @@ -175859,24 +175860,24 @@ serous pericardium - + - + - + FMA - + FMA @@ -175917,7 +175918,7 @@ - + @@ -175955,14 +175956,14 @@ peritoneum http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5f/Gray1040.png - + - + MP @@ -176015,14 +176016,14 @@ - + - + Membrane organ which is attached to the pericardial sac proper and the central tendon of diaphragm and is continuous with the pretracheal fascia.[FMA]. most superficial part of pericardium; continuous with the outer adventitial layer of the neighboring great blood vessels. [Wikipedia:Pericardium] EMAPA:19029 @@ -176038,11 +176039,11 @@ fibrous pericardium - + - + @@ -176055,13 +176056,13 @@ - + FMA - + WP @@ -176091,7 +176092,7 @@ - + Membrane organ that surrounds the brain and the spinal cord. Membrane covering the brain and spinal cord. It is represented by a single layer in fishes, two in amphibians, reptiles and birds and three in mammals (named dura mater, arachnoid and pia mater). [TFD][VHOG] In fishes, the meninges consist of a single membrane, the primitive meninx, wrapped around the brain and spinal cord. With the adoption of terrestrial life, the meninges doubled. In amphibians, reptiles, and birds, the meninges include a thick outer dura mater derived from mesoderm and a thin inner secondary meninx. (...) In mammals, the dura mater persists, but division of the secondary meninx yields both the arachnoid and the pia mater from ectomesoderm.[well established][VHOG] @@ -176128,7 +176129,7 @@ meninx https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/48/Illu_meninges.jpg - + @@ -176141,7 +176142,7 @@ - + Bgee:AN @@ -176198,7 +176199,7 @@ - + @@ -176244,14 +176245,14 @@ http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/31/Gray770-en.svg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Gray770.png - + - + check-aves ISBN:0073040584 @@ -176292,7 +176293,7 @@ - + @@ -176326,14 +176327,14 @@ arachnoid mater http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a0/Gray767.png - + - + ISBN:0073040584 @@ -176374,8 +176375,8 @@ - - + + Thick, fibrous meningeal covering surrounding the brain and spinal cord. It is the outermost of the three meningeal coverings. It consists of two layers: the periosteal dura linking the inner surface of the skull and the meningeal dura that lies above the arachnoid dural membrane. The meningeal layer draws away from the periosteal layer and certain locations to form the dural reflections. the outermost of the three layers of the meninges surrounding the brain and spinal cord. The other two meningeal layers are the pia mater and the arachnoid mater. The dura surrounds the brain and the spinal cord and is responsible for keeping in the cerebrospinal fluid[Wikipedia:Dura_mater]. @@ -176405,24 +176406,24 @@ dura mater http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8e/Meninges-en.svg - + - + - + PMID:16496288 - + definitional @@ -176468,7 +176469,7 @@ - + @@ -176493,9 +176494,9 @@ - - - + + + @@ -176534,19 +176535,19 @@ tympanic membrane - + - + - + - + @@ -176559,25 +176560,25 @@ - + MA - + cjm - + Wikipedia - + cjm @@ -176854,7 +176855,7 @@ - + @@ -176897,14 +176898,14 @@ http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a1/Prostatelead.jpg https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/prostate-male/v1.2/assets/3d-vh-m-prostate.glb - + - + Wikipedia @@ -177029,8 +177030,8 @@ - - + + Either of a pair of complex endocrine organs near the anterior medial border of the kidney consisting of a mesodermal cortex that produces glucocorticoid, mineralocorticoid, and androgenic hormones and an ectodermal medulla that produces epinephrine and norepinephrine[BTO]. Anatomical structure which is found on the surface of the kidney and secretes various hormones including epinephrine, norephinephrine, aldosterone, corticosterone, and cortisol.[AAO] All craniates have groups of cells homologous to the mammalian adrenocortical and chromaffin tissues, but they are scattered in and near the kidneys in fishes. (...) The cortical and chromaffin tissues come together to form adrenal glands in tetrapods.[well established][VHOG] @@ -177075,24 +177076,24 @@ http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9d/Illu_endocrine_system_New.png http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c6/Illu_endocrine_system.jpg - + - + - + FMA-abduced-lr - + Wikipedia @@ -177231,8 +177232,8 @@ - - + + Anatomical structure of largely lymphoid tissue that functions in cell-mediated immunity by being the site where T cells develop. check - a subtype of gland? not in GO. NCIT has thymus and thymus gland. EHDAA2 has ductless gland. @@ -177277,11 +177278,11 @@ https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/thymus-male/v1.3/assets/3d-vh-m-thymus.glb https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cf/Illu_thymus.jpg - + - + @@ -177294,13 +177295,13 @@ - + multiple sources - true thymus appears in jawed vertebrates - + ZFA @@ -177364,7 +177365,7 @@ - + @@ -177422,14 +177423,14 @@ bone marrow http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/74/Gray72-en.svg - + - + FMA MA @@ -177485,7 +177486,7 @@ - + @@ -177525,14 +177526,14 @@ tonsil - + - + cjm @@ -177574,8 +177575,8 @@ - - + + Tonsils on the left and right sides at the back of the throat. one of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues (MALT), located at the entrance to the upper respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts to protect the body from the entry of exogenous material through mucosal sites[WP]. @@ -177605,18 +177606,18 @@ palatine tonsil https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f6/Illu_mouth.jpg - + - + - + the dorsal elongation of the second pouch endoderm of all mammals, with the exception of rodents, gives rise to the epithelial lining of palatine tonsils; in rodents, the ventral portion of the second pouch appears to degenerate whereas the remaining part is incorporated into the lateral border of the pharynx; it appears that rodents no longer require tonsils as their function is carried out by the NALT (Nose/Nasal-Associated Lymphoid Tissue) system in the upper respiratory tract ISBN:1607950324 MP:anna @@ -177625,7 +177626,7 @@ - + Wikipedia @@ -177752,8 +177753,8 @@ - - + + A cartilaginous ring that provides support for the arytenoid cartilages and forms the caudal part of the larynx. Cartilaginous ring that provides support for the arytenoid cartilages. Its ventral part is bent posteriorly to form a V.[AAO] The ringlike cartilage forming the caudal part of the larynx. [TFD][VHOG] @@ -177788,11 +177789,11 @@ https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/larynx-female/v1.1/assets/3d-vh-f-larynx.glb https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/larynx-male/v1.1/assets/3d-vh-m-larynx.glb - + - + @@ -177805,13 +177806,13 @@ - + EHDAA2 - + Wikipedia @@ -177930,8 +177931,8 @@ - - + + @@ -177970,24 +177971,24 @@ defined generically so could in theory encompass FBbt:00003260 'skeletal muscle of head', or the muscle of a starfish Aristotle's lantern, but we restrict this to craniates. Skeletal muscles of the head originate from the non-segmented head mesoderm (Noden, 1983; Wachtler et al., 1984) cranial muscle - + - + - + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Inferring-part-of-relationships - + EHDAA2-abduced @@ -178062,7 +178063,7 @@ - + Any muscle that is part of the cervical (neck) region. FMA:9617 @@ -178083,14 +178084,14 @@ muscle of neck - + - + prolog @@ -178148,7 +178149,7 @@ - + @@ -178180,14 +178181,14 @@ muscle of abdomen - + - + prolog @@ -178238,7 +178239,7 @@ - + Any muscle organ that is part of a perineum [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:36629 @@ -178256,14 +178257,14 @@ perineal muscle - + - + prolog @@ -178317,12 +178318,12 @@ - - - - - - + + + + + + A large superficial muscle that extends longitudinally from the occipital bone to the lower thoracic vertebrae and laterally to the spine of the scapula (shoulder blade). Its functions are to move the scapulae and support the arm. The trapezius has three functional regions: the superior region (descending part), which supports the weight of the arm; the intermediate region (transverse part), which retracts the scapulae; and the inferior region (ascending part), which medially rotates and depresses the scapulae. [WP,unvetted]. The sternomastoid and the three parts of the trapezius are branchiomeric muscles that have secondarily acquired an attachment to the pectoral girdle. They evolved from the fish cucullaris.[well established][VHOG] @@ -178344,68 +178345,68 @@ trapezius muscle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/60/Trapezius.png - + - + - + - + - + - + - + external occipital protuberance nuchal ligament medial superior nuchal line spinous processes of vertebrae C7-T12 dbpedia - + external occipital protuberance nuchal ligament medial superior nuchal line spinous processes of vertebrae C7-T12 dbpedia - + posterior border of the lateral third of the clavicle acromion process and spine of scapula dbpedia - + posterior border of the lateral third of the clavicle acromion process and spine of scapula dbpedia - + dbpedia - + dbpedia @@ -178457,10 +178458,10 @@ - - - - + + + + The pectoralis major is a thick, fan-shaped muscle, situated at the upper front of the chest wall. It makes up the bulk of the chest muscles in the male and lies under the breast in the female. Underneath the pectoralis major is the pectoralis minor, a thin, triangular muscle. [WP,unvetted]. EHDAA2:0001424 @@ -178485,19 +178486,19 @@ pectoralis major https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6c/Pectoralis_major.png - + - + - + - + @@ -178510,28 +178511,28 @@ - + lateral pectoral nerve and medial pectoral nerveClavicular head: C5 and C6Sternocostal head: C7 C8 and T1 dbpedia - + anterior surface of the sternum and the superior six costal cartilages and the aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle dbpedia - + anterior surface of the medial half of the clavicle dbpedia - + Lateral lip of intertubercular groove of the humerus dbpedia @@ -178562,7 +178563,7 @@ - + @@ -178604,14 +178605,14 @@ rectus abdominis muscle https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/95/Rectus_abdominis.png - + - + XAO @@ -178653,9 +178654,9 @@ - - - + + + The supraspinatus is a relatively small muscle of the upper limb that takes its name from its origin from the supraspinous fossa superior to the spine of the scapula. It is one of the four rotator cuff muscles and also abducts the arm at the shoulder. The spine of the scapula separates the supraspinatus muscle from the infraspinatus muscle, which originates below the spine. [WP,unvetted]. EHDAA2:0001967 @@ -178678,35 +178679,35 @@ supraspinatus muscle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/Arm_muscles_back_numbers.png - + - + - + - + Wikipedia - + supraspinous fossa of the scapula dbpedia - + middle facet of greater tubercle of the humerus dbpedia @@ -178969,7 +178970,7 @@ - + @@ -179033,14 +179034,14 @@ http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3b/Veins.jpg https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/50/Forearm_labeled.png - + - + MA @@ -179347,7 +179348,7 @@ - + @@ -179386,14 +179387,14 @@ manual digit - + - + PHENOSCAPE:ni @@ -179457,14 +179458,14 @@ - + - + @@ -179513,24 +179514,24 @@ hematopoietic system - + - + - + FMA - + definitional @@ -179793,7 +179794,7 @@ - + Organ with organ cavity which connects the cavity of the middle ear to the cavity of the pharynx. Examples: There are only two pharyngotympanic tubes, the right and the left pharyngotympanic tubes.[FMA]. Furrow on the ventral surface of the otic capsule, and occasionally also the parasphenoid, that houses the Eustachian tube.[AAO] The narrow channel connecting the nasopharynx and the middle ear. [TFD][VHOG] @@ -179829,7 +179830,7 @@ pharyngotympanic tube http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/40/Ear-anatomy-text-small-en.svg - + @@ -179842,7 +179843,7 @@ - + UBERON:0010062 @@ -179953,15 +179954,15 @@ - + - - + + @@ -180007,25 +180008,25 @@ bile duct http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/Digestive_system_showing_bile_duct.png - + - + - + EMAPA MA - + XAO @@ -180355,15 +180356,15 @@ - - + + - + @@ -180415,15 +180416,15 @@ maxilla http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a7/Gray189.png - + - + - + @@ -180442,20 +180443,20 @@ - + facial series ISBN:0073040584 - + FMA-abduced-lr - + EHDAA2 @@ -180681,8 +180682,8 @@ - - + + The double layer of peritoneum that extends from the liver to the lesser curvature of the stomach and the start of the duodenum. [WP,unvetted]. A membranous extension of the peritoneum from the peritoneal layers covering the ventral and the dorsal surfaces of the stomach and the first part of the duodenum. The lesser omentum extends from the portal fissure of the liver to the diaphragm, where the layers separate to enclose the end of the esophagus. It also forms two ligaments, one associated with the liver, the hepatogastric ligament, and the other, the heptatoduodenal ligament, with the duodenum. [TFD][VHOG] EHDAA2:0000991 @@ -180706,24 +180707,24 @@ lesser omentum http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cf/Gray984.png - + - + - + MA - + EHDAA2 Wikipedia @@ -180881,7 +180882,7 @@ - + @@ -180926,14 +180927,14 @@ visceral pleura - + - + FMA @@ -181007,7 +181008,7 @@ - + @@ -181053,14 +181054,14 @@ pleural cavity http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ab/Gray965.png - + - + Wikipedia @@ -181120,7 +181121,7 @@ - + An intercostal muscle that aids in forced expiration (quiet expiration is a passive process). Behind the thorax, the lateral group (of muscles in reptiles and mammals) remains essentially as for amphibians. (It breaks into three sheet-like layers: external oblique muscle, the internal oblique, and the transversus). More anteriorly, however, the ribs, now enlarged, penetrate and alter this group of muscles. The transversus is excluded from the thorax and the external and internal obliques become, respectively, the external and internal intercostal muscles, which contribute to the new function of ventilation of the lungs.[well established][VHOG] @@ -181143,14 +181144,14 @@ internal intercostal muscle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Gray411.png - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -181340,7 +181341,7 @@ - + A double-walled sac containing the heart and the roots of the great vessels. FMA:9868 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001443 @@ -181353,14 +181354,14 @@ pericardial sac http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7e/Gray489.png - + - + FMA @@ -181377,7 +181378,7 @@ - + @@ -181434,14 +181435,14 @@ pericardium http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7e/Gray489.png - + - + MA @@ -181634,7 +181635,7 @@ - + @@ -181690,7 +181691,7 @@ autonomic nervous system http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f7/Gray839.png - + @@ -181703,7 +181704,7 @@ - + EMAPA MA NIFSTD @@ -181821,9 +181822,9 @@ - - - + + + @@ -181854,15 +181855,15 @@ clitoris http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cf/Clitoris_anatomy_labeled-en.svg - + - + - + @@ -181875,19 +181876,19 @@ - + MA - + Wikipedia - + EHDAA2 Wikipedia @@ -182737,8 +182738,8 @@ - - + + Hippocampus (proper) plus dentate gyrus and subiculum[definition derived from NIF comments and ontology alignment]. The term hippocampus is often used synonymously with hippocampal formation which consists of the hippocampus proper or Cornu Ammonis, the dentate gyrus and the subiculum @@ -182777,25 +182778,25 @@ https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/brain-female/v1.4/assets/3d-allen-f-brain.glb https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/brain-male/v1.4/assets/3d-allen-m-brain.glb - + - + - + MBA-indirect NIFSTD - + Wikipedia:Hippocampus @@ -182897,7 +182898,7 @@ - + @@ -182960,14 +182961,14 @@ https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/brain-female/v1.4/assets/3d-allen-f-brain.glb https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/brain-male/v1.4/assets/3d-allen-m-brain.glb - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -183204,7 +183205,7 @@ - + An epithelium that is part of the mouth and lines the oral cavity, typically stratified squamous, and may be para-, ortho- or non- keratinized. Primary barrier between oral environment and deeper tissues. consider including separate class for developmental structure (adult human is stratified; in EHDAA2 is unilaminar) The epithelium that lines the oral cavity. The oral epithelium epithelial cells with many short microvilli as well as mucous cells, rodlet cells and taste buds[ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-060921-12, ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-091204-24]. @@ -183231,14 +183232,14 @@ oral epithelium - + - + AAO-modified @@ -183301,8 +183302,8 @@ - - + + @@ -183329,24 +183330,24 @@ visceral serous pericardium - + - + - + cjm - + FMA @@ -183849,7 +183850,7 @@ - + @@ -183903,14 +183904,14 @@ pars intermedia of adenohypophysis http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fb/Gray1181.png - + - + FMA ZFA @@ -184102,7 +184103,7 @@ - + @@ -184186,14 +184187,14 @@ pituitary stalk http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b9/Pituitary_gland_representation.PNG - + - + NIFSTD FMA MA @@ -184409,9 +184410,9 @@ - - - + + + @@ -184461,34 +184462,34 @@ striatum http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/33/BrainCaudatePutamen.svg - + - + - + - + GO - + BTO - + NIFSTD @@ -184593,7 +184594,7 @@ - + The visual area of the brain that is specialized for processing information about static and moving objects. The primary visual cortex, which is defined by its function or stage in the visual system, is approximately equivalent to the striate cortex, also known as Brodmann area 17, which is defined by its anatomical location. BAMS:17 BAMS:V1 @@ -184628,14 +184629,14 @@ In some species, parcellations of lobes are not well defined if at all. The primary visual cortex being part of the occiptal lobe hence could refer to it being part of the most posterior region of the mammalian cerebral cortex. primary visual cortex - + - + WP @@ -184840,7 +184841,7 @@ - + A nucleus of brain that is part of a ventral tegmental area. @@ -184892,14 +184893,14 @@ ventral tegmental nucleus - + - + DHBA EMAPA MA @@ -185110,7 +185111,7 @@ - + @@ -185157,14 +185158,14 @@ myenteric nerve plexus - + - + FMA @@ -186057,7 +186058,7 @@ - + @@ -186103,7 +186104,7 @@ decidua http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fa/Gray33.png - + @@ -186116,7 +186117,7 @@ - + maternal MA @@ -186201,7 +186202,7 @@ - + The mucous secreting gland associated with the mucuous membrane lining the uterus. simple or branched tubular @@ -186229,7 +186230,7 @@ endometrial gland http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/28/Gray1169.png - + @@ -186242,7 +186243,7 @@ - + Wikipedia:Tubular_gland @@ -186878,7 +186879,7 @@ - + Any skeletal muscle organ that is part of a anterior abdominal wall. Examples: the obliques, pyramidalis and transversus abdominus. EHDAA2:0000125 @@ -186894,7 +186895,7 @@ anterior abdominal wall muscle - + @@ -186907,7 +186908,7 @@ - + EHDAA2 @@ -186943,16 +186944,16 @@ - - + + - - + + A bundle of muscles and tendons that is paired and runs more or less vertically. It extends throughout the lumbar, thoracic and cervical regions, and lies in the groove to the side of the vertebral column. isa muscle organ in MA. BTO:0001652 @@ -186979,19 +186980,19 @@ erector spinae muscle group http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/de/Gray1124.png - + - + - + - + @@ -187010,26 +187011,26 @@ - + dbpedia - + EHDAA2 - + Spinous processes of T1 and T2 thoracic vertebrae and the cervical vertebrae dbpedia - + Spinous processes of T1 and T2 thoracic vertebrae and the cervical vertebrae dbpedia @@ -187102,10 +187103,10 @@ - - - - + + + + Any of the posterior thigh muscles. [WP,modified]. check FMA, singular. UBERON:0008538 @@ -187136,45 +187137,45 @@ http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bc/Biceps_femoris_muscle_long_head.PNG http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dc/Gray1239.png - + - + - + - + - + sciatic nerve dbpedia - + dbpedia - + dbpedia - + dbpedia @@ -187305,7 +187306,7 @@ - + @@ -187353,14 +187354,14 @@ lymphoid system http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b3/TE-Lymphatic_system_diagram.svg - + - + FMA @@ -187803,7 +187804,7 @@ - + @@ -187854,14 +187855,14 @@ autopod region - + - + definitional @@ -188159,8 +188160,8 @@ - - + + A composite structure of the brain stem, which is subdivided into the superior cerebellar peduncle of pons, the decussation of superior cerebellar peduncle and the superior cerebellar peduncle of midbrain (MM)[NIF, based on NN]. TODO - this requires work for making consistent with ABA, which strictly separates cerebellum from brainstem. in MA, cerebellar peduncle is part of both brainstem and cerebellar white matter. BAMS:cbp @@ -188184,24 +188185,24 @@ cerebellar peduncular complex - + - + - + NIF-isa - + MA @@ -188546,7 +188547,7 @@ - + The more medial segment of the globus pallidus. @@ -188610,14 +188611,14 @@ medial globus pallidus https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ee/Brain_structure.gif - + - + MA @@ -188879,7 +188880,7 @@ - + @@ -188933,14 +188934,14 @@ orbitosphenoid http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/35/Gray145.png - + - + FMA-abduced-lr @@ -189095,7 +189096,7 @@ - + The main division of the lateral geniculate body; consists of two magnocellular layers [TA] (strata magnocellularia [TA]) and four parvocellular layers [TA] (strata parvocellularia [TA]) and serves as a processing station in the major pathway from the retina to the cerebral cortex, receiving fibers from the optic tract and giving rise to the geniculocalcarine radiation to the visual cortex in the occipital lobe. @@ -189128,14 +189129,14 @@ UBERON:0002479 dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus - + - + NIFSTD @@ -189762,7 +189763,7 @@ - + @@ -189788,14 +189789,14 @@ prostate duct https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/prostate-male/v1.2/assets/3d-vh-m-prostate.glb - + - + PMID:18977204 @@ -189949,7 +189950,7 @@ - + The helix is the prominent rim of the pinna. FMA:60992 MA:0002793 @@ -189969,14 +189970,14 @@ helix of outer ear - + - + Wikipedia-uncited @@ -190100,7 +190101,7 @@ - + A suture that connects the two frontal bones of the skull. in humans, the frontal suture is a dense connective tissue structure that divides the two halves of the frontal bone of the skull in infants and children. It usually disappears by the age of six, with the two halves of the frontal bone being fused together. If it does not disappear it may be called a 'metopic suture' or 'sutura frontalis persistens. ' If the suture is not present at birth (craniosynostosis) it will cause a keel-shaped deformity of the skull called 'trigonocephaly. ' It is present in a fetal skull so that the skull can bend and is very elastic at the time of birth. The baby's head literally bends when coming out of the mother's womb. The space is filled as the child grows older. [WP,unvetted] EMAPA:19226 @@ -190123,14 +190124,14 @@ http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/17/Gray134.png https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d1/Frontal_suture.png - + - + two halves of the frontal bone @@ -190192,7 +190193,7 @@ - + @@ -190227,14 +190228,14 @@ lambdoid suture https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3d/Gray188-Lambdoid_suture.png - + - + HP @@ -190283,7 +190284,7 @@ - + The dense, fibrous connective tissue joint between the tetrapod parietal bones. EMAPA:19224 FMA:52929 @@ -190299,14 +190300,14 @@ sagittal suture http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/24/Kort-lang-skalle.gif - + - + both parietals @@ -190352,7 +190353,7 @@ - + @@ -190393,14 +190394,14 @@ uterine artery http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ae/Gray1170.png - + - + FMA-abduced-lr @@ -190582,7 +190583,7 @@ - + @@ -190604,14 +190605,14 @@ stapes base - + - + MA @@ -190862,7 +190863,7 @@ - + @@ -190885,14 +190886,14 @@ cochlear labyrinth http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/19/Gray923.png - + - + FMA @@ -190916,7 +190917,7 @@ - + The bony arch in vertebrates that extends along the side or front of the skull beneath the eye socket and is formed by the temporal process of the zygomatic bone and the zygomatic process of the temporal bone. The zygomatic arch is significant in evolutionary biology, as it is part of the structures derived from the ancestral single temporal fenestra of the synapsid ancestor of mammals. The zygomatic process of the temporal arises by two roots: an anterior, directed inward in front of the mandibular fossa, where it expands to form the articular tubercle. a posterior, which runs backward above the external acoustic meatus and is continuous with the supramastoid crest. The upper border of the arch gives attachment to the temporal fascia; the lower border and medial surface give origin to the Masseter @@ -190940,7 +190941,7 @@ zygomatic arch https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f4/Gray188-Sphenozygomatic_suture.png - + @@ -190953,7 +190954,7 @@ - + FMA-abduced-lr @@ -191112,7 +191113,7 @@ - + The greater trochanter (great trochanter) of the femur is a large, irregular, quadrilateral eminence and a part of the skeletal system. It is directed a little lateralward and backward, and, in the adult, is about 1 cm lower than the head. Because the pelvic outlet in the female is larger than in the male, there is a greater distance between the greater trochanters in the female. It has two surfaces and four borders. [WP,unvetted]. EMAPA:37594 FMA:32852 @@ -191131,14 +191132,14 @@ greater trochanter http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/97/Gray243.png - + - + FMA @@ -191173,7 +191174,7 @@ - + The lesser trochanter (small trochanter) of the femur is a conical eminence, which varies in size in different subjects [WP,unvetted]. EMAPA:37595 FMA:32853 @@ -191192,14 +191193,14 @@ lesser trochanter http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8b/Gray341.png - + - + FMA @@ -191281,14 +191282,14 @@ - + - - + + @@ -191314,11 +191315,11 @@ iris epithelium - + - + @@ -191331,13 +191332,13 @@ - + MA - + MP @@ -191724,7 +191725,7 @@ - + @@ -191752,14 +191753,14 @@ trabecula carnea - + - + WP @@ -191835,7 +191836,7 @@ - + @@ -191887,7 +191888,7 @@ corpus luteum http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/57/Folliclesinovary.jpg - + @@ -191900,7 +191901,7 @@ - + MA @@ -191959,7 +191960,7 @@ - + @@ -191990,7 +191991,7 @@ https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-endochondral-elements-Design-Pattern http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ee/Hypertrophic_Zone_of_Epiphyseal_Plate.jpg - + @@ -192003,7 +192004,7 @@ - + VSAO @@ -192641,8 +192642,8 @@ - - + + @@ -192668,11 +192669,11 @@ tunica media https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/32/Illu_artery.jpg - + - + @@ -192685,13 +192686,13 @@ - + cjm - + cjm @@ -192727,8 +192728,8 @@ - - + + The innermost layer of a blood vessel which is a lining of endothelial cells facing the lumen[Kardong]. the FMA class represents a more generic layer which is the superclass of the layer found in both blood vessels and lymph vessels (and also endocardium) - we should probably follow this structure @@ -192754,11 +192755,11 @@ tunica intima https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/32/Illu_artery.jpg - + - + @@ -192771,13 +192772,13 @@ - + check for exceptions, e.g. capillaries - + ISBN:0073040584 @@ -193558,7 +193559,7 @@ - + @@ -193576,7 +193577,7 @@ paired fin - + @@ -193589,7 +193590,7 @@ - + PHENOSCAPE:wd ZFA @@ -193865,9 +193866,9 @@ - - - + + + One of a series of paired bulges that develop along the lateral walls of the foregut. The pharyngeal arches have developmental contributions from endoderm, mesoderm, and neural crest cells and are separated by anterior lateral endoderm out-pockets known as pharyngeal pouches. One of a series of bony or cartilaginous arches that develop in the walls of the mouth cavity and pharynx of the embryo.[AAO] A conserved feature of all vertebrate embryos is the presence of a series of bulges on the lateral surface of the head, the pharyngeal arches; it is within these structures that the nerves, muscles and skeletal components of the pharyngeal apparatus are laid down.[well established][VHOG] @@ -193903,15 +193904,15 @@ pharyngeal arch http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8b/Gray41.png - + - + - + @@ -193924,19 +193925,19 @@ - + PMID:16313389 - + http://tolweb.org/Chordata/2499 - + PMID:16313389 @@ -194408,7 +194409,7 @@ - + Ectodermal placode that develops in the head into a part of the sensory nervous system. With a few exceptions (lens, adenohypophyseal), cranial placodes are neurogenic. Do not merge with neurogenic placode Comparisons of developmental gene expression suggest that the anterior ectoderm in amphioxus may be homologous to the vertebrate olfactory placode, the only vertebrate placode with primary, not secondary, neurons @@ -194427,7 +194428,7 @@ cranial placode - + @@ -194440,7 +194441,7 @@ - + PMID:11523831 PMID:22512454 @@ -194722,7 +194723,7 @@ - + The Anterior trigeminothalamic tract (or ventral trigeminothalamic tract) serves as pain, temperature, and light touch pathway from the face, head and neck. It receives input from trigeminal nerve, facial nerve, glossopharyngeal nerve and vagus nerve. It receives discriminative tactile and pressure input from the contralateral principal sensory nucleus of CN V, which terminates in the ventral posteromedial nucleus of the thalamus. It then ascends to the contralateral sensory cortex via three neurons . BAMS:v5 @@ -194749,14 +194750,14 @@ ventral trigeminal tract - + - + FMA @@ -194945,7 +194946,7 @@ - + The largest and most prominent of the cell groups of the medial longitudinal fasciculus. ICjl @@ -194977,14 +194978,14 @@ UBERON:0002551 interstitial nucleus of Cajal - + - + FMA @@ -195333,7 +195334,7 @@ - + BAMS:cte BAMS:ctt BIRNLEX:1016 @@ -195352,7 +195353,7 @@ UBERON:0002556 corticotectal tract - + @@ -195365,7 +195366,7 @@ - + NIFSTD @@ -195422,8 +195423,8 @@ - - + + Li BIRNLEX:1018 DHBA:12230 @@ -195437,24 +195438,24 @@ The mesocorticolimbic dopamine (DA) system plays important roles in reward, motivation, learning, memory, and movement. This system arises from the A10 region, comprising the ventral tegmental area and three adjacent midline nuclei (caudal linear nucleus, interfascicular nucleus, and rostral linear nucleus of the raphe)[PMID:21653852] linear nucleus - + - + - + FMA - + PMID:21653852 @@ -196852,7 +196853,7 @@ - + The reticular formation is a part of the brain that is involved in actions such as awaking/sleeping cycle, and filtering incoming stimuli to discriminate irrelevant background stimuli. It is essential for governing some of the basic functions of higher organisms, and is one of the phylogenetically oldest portions of the brain. [WP,unvetted]. BAMS:PRF BAMS:PRN @@ -196881,14 +196882,14 @@ pontine reticular formation http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/Gray701.png - + - + FMA @@ -197572,7 +197573,7 @@ - + A commissure that is part of a superior colliculus [Automatically generated definition]. BAMS:SCC @@ -197609,14 +197610,14 @@ commissure of superior colliculus - + - + NIFSTD-modified @@ -197865,7 +197866,7 @@ - + The calcarine fissure is an anatomical landmark located at the caudal end of the medial surface of the brain. [WP,unvetted]. CCS BIRNLEX:1086 @@ -197886,14 +197887,14 @@ calcarine sulcus - + - + NIFSTD @@ -198045,7 +198046,7 @@ - + @@ -198082,14 +198083,14 @@ decussation of superior cerebellar peduncle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/26/Gray711.png - + - + FMA @@ -198182,8 +198183,8 @@ - - + + Part of the corticospinal tract located in the spinal cord, formed as 75 to 90% of the corticospinal fibers cross to the opposite side of the brainstem in the pyramidal decussation. This tract descends the length of the spinal cord in the lateral white column (Adapted from Brain Info). BAMS:lcsp BAMS:py @@ -198215,11 +198216,11 @@ lateral corticospinal tract http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b2/Spinal_cord_tracts_-_English.svg - + - + @@ -198232,13 +198233,13 @@ - + FMA - + NIFSTD @@ -198335,7 +198336,7 @@ - + Prepyriform area (or prepiriform cortex) is a portion of the rhinencephalon consisting of paleocortex. Some sources state that it is part of the primary olfactory cortex. @@ -198370,14 +198371,14 @@ prepyriform area - + - + NIFSTD @@ -198645,7 +198646,7 @@ - + Fibers interconnecting the cerebellum and vestibular nuclei, traveling medial to the restiform body (inferior cerebellar peduncle) (Nolte, The Human Brain, 6th ed., pg 497). BAMS:jrb BAMS:jx @@ -198664,14 +198665,14 @@ juxtarestiform body http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fc/Gray677.png - + - + NIFSTD @@ -198951,7 +198952,7 @@ - + Part of thalamus receiving primary somatic sensory information via the medial lemniscal pathway that projects to the primary somatosensory cortex (adapted from Paxinos, The Rat Nervous System, 2nd Ed, Academic Press, 1995). VP BAMS:VP @@ -198986,14 +198987,14 @@ ventral posterior nucleus of thalamus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1b/ThalamicNuclei.png - + - + FMA @@ -199111,8 +199112,8 @@ - - + + The principal sensory nucleus (or chief sensory nucleus of V) is a group of second order neurons which have cell bodies in the dorsal Pons. It receives information about discriminative sensation and light touch of the face as well as conscious proprioception of the jaw via first order neurons of CN V. Most of the sensory information crosses the midline and travels to the contralateral ventral posteriomedial (VPM) of the thalamus via the Ventral Trigeminothalamic Tract, but information of the oral cavity travels to the ipsilateral Ventral Posteriomedial (VPM) of the thalamus via the Dorsal Trigeminothalamic Tract. [WP,unvetted]. @@ -199166,11 +199167,11 @@ principal sensory nucleus of trigeminal nerve http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/30/Gray696.png - + - + @@ -199183,13 +199184,13 @@ - + NIF - + Wikipedia @@ -199604,7 +199605,7 @@ - + A small paired band that passes around the splenium of the corpus callosum from the lateral longitudinal stria to the dentate gyrus[Biology-Online]. A posterior and upward extension of the dentate gyrus, forming a transitional area between the dentate gyrus and the indusium griseum[BTO]. TODO - existing definitions, synonyms and relationships in existing AOs seem contradictory; to be resolved. We take the dentate gyrus relationship from BTO, and it is also implied by the FMA synonym. However, FMA says archiortex (embryonic archicortex corresponds to the cortex of the dentate gyrus and hippocampus) and NIF says limbic lobe (which is more general than hippocampus). ABA xref made on basis of BTO related synonym @@ -199634,14 +199635,14 @@ UBERON:0002601 fasciolar gyrus - + - + NIFSTD @@ -199964,7 +199965,7 @@ - + The lateral lemniscus is a tract of axons in the brainstem that carries information about sound from the cochlear nucleus to various brainstem nuclei and ultimately the contralateral inferior colliculus of the midbrain. Three distinct, primarily inhibitory, cellular groups are located interspersed within these fibers, and are thus named the nuclei of the lateral lemniscus. [WP,unvetted]. BAMS:NLLv @@ -199991,14 +199992,14 @@ ventral nucleus of lateral lemniscus https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/44/Lateral_lemniscus.PNG - + - + FMA NIF @@ -200398,7 +200399,7 @@ - + The cochlear nuclei consist of: (a) the dorsal cochlear nucleus, corresponding to the tuberculum acusticum on the dorso-lateral surface of the inferior peduncle; and (b) the ventral or accessory cochlear nucleus, placed between the two divisions of the nerve, on the ventral aspect of the inferior peduncle. [WP,unvetted]. @@ -200427,14 +200428,14 @@ cochlear nuclear complex http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/52/Gray691.png - + - + MA FMA @@ -201386,8 +201387,8 @@ - - + + Part of hypothalamus consisting of hollow eminence of gray matter situated between the mammilary bodies and the optic chiasm visible on the basal surface of the brain (adapted from Wikipedia). TBCN BAMS:TuCn @@ -201421,24 +201422,24 @@ tuber cinereum http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d7/Gray724.png - + - + - + MA - + FMA @@ -201839,7 +201840,7 @@ - + Component of the inferior frontal gyrus.defined as the first gyrus from the precentral gyrus.the remainder of the inferior frontal gyrus once the pars opercularis and triangularis have been defined (Christine Fennema-Notestine)., NeuroNames. pars orbitalis, inferior frontal gyrus @@ -201862,14 +201863,14 @@ orbital part of inferior frontal gyrus - + - + FMA @@ -201936,8 +201937,8 @@ - - + + The median preoptic nucleus is located along the midline in a position significantly dorsal to the other 3 preoptic nuclei, at least in the macaca fascicularis brain. It wraps around the top (dorsal), front, and bottom (ventral) surfaces of the anterior commissure. The median preoptic nucleus generates thirst. Drinking decreases noradrenaline release in the median preoptic nucleus. @@ -201967,24 +201968,24 @@ median preoptic nucleus - + - + - + Wikipedia - + Wikipedia @@ -202281,7 +202282,7 @@ - + Component of the inferior frontal gyrus.defined as the second gyrus from the precentral gyrus (Christine Fennema-Notestine). BAMS:IFGTr @@ -202307,14 +202308,14 @@ https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/brain-female/v1.4/assets/3d-allen-f-brain.glb https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/brain-male/v1.4/assets/3d-allen-m-brain.glb - + - + FMA @@ -202466,8 +202467,8 @@ - - + + The cerebral crus is the anterior portion of the cerebral peduncle which contains the motor tracts, the plural of which is cerebral crura. In some older texts, it is used as a synonym for the entire cerebral peduncle, not just the anterior portion of it. [WP,unvetted]. CCR BAMS:cp @@ -202502,24 +202503,24 @@ cerebral crus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/da/Cn3nucleus.png - + - + - + BTO - + FMA-abduced-lr @@ -202662,7 +202663,7 @@ - + MML BAMS:MMM @@ -202689,14 +202690,14 @@ UBERON:0002632 medial part of medial mammillary nucleus - + - + NIFSTD @@ -202784,8 +202785,8 @@ - - + + @@ -202847,24 +202848,24 @@ motor nucleus of trigeminal nerve http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/30/Gray696.png - + - + - + MA - + NIF @@ -203056,7 +203057,7 @@ - + A loose heterogeneous collection of cells in the anterior hypothalamus, continuous rostrally with the medial and lateral preoptic areas and caudally with the tuber cinereum. @@ -203098,14 +203099,14 @@ anterior nucleus of hypothalamus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/HypothalamicNuclei.PNG - + - + WP @@ -203278,7 +203279,7 @@ - + LPul BAMS:LPul @@ -203297,14 +203298,14 @@ UBERON:0002636 lateral pulvinar nucleus - + - + FMA @@ -203370,7 +203371,7 @@ - + The ventral anterior nucleus is a nucleus of the thalamus. VA @@ -203405,14 +203406,14 @@ ventral anterior nucleus of thalamus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1b/ThalamicNuclei.png - + - + BTO FMA NIF @@ -204088,7 +204089,7 @@ - + MDD BIRNLEX:1255 DHBA:10399 @@ -204103,14 +204104,14 @@ UBERON:0002645 densocellular part of medial dorsal nucleus - + - + NIFSTD @@ -204269,7 +204270,7 @@ - + See https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/2229 MDM BIRNLEX:1262 @@ -204296,14 +204297,14 @@ UBERON:0002647 magnocellular part of medial dorsal nucleus - + - + FMA @@ -204466,7 +204467,7 @@ - + Part of Lissauer's tract located in the medulla. resolve distinction between Lissauer's tract and the medullary component BAMS:d1 @@ -204494,7 +204495,7 @@ dorsolateral fasciculus of medulla - + @@ -204507,7 +204508,7 @@ - + FMA @@ -204594,7 +204595,7 @@ - + MDPL BAMS:MDPL BIRNLEX:1276 @@ -204619,14 +204620,14 @@ UBERON:0002650 paralaminar part of medial dorsal nucleus - + - + FMA @@ -205040,7 +205041,7 @@ - + MDPC BAMS:MDPC BIRNLEX:1283 @@ -205068,14 +205069,14 @@ UBERON:0002654 parvocellular part of medial dorsal nucleus - + - + FMA NIFSTD @@ -205319,7 +205320,7 @@ - + consider splitting BAMS:PA BAMS:PAM @@ -205351,14 +205352,14 @@ UBERON:0002656 periamygdaloid area - + - + FMA @@ -205474,7 +205475,7 @@ - + The posterior parahippocampal gyrus is a portion of the parahippocampal gyrus. It can show deterioration in Alzheimer's disease. @@ -205497,14 +205498,14 @@ https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/brain-female/v1.4/assets/3d-allen-f-brain.glb https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/brain-male/v1.4/assets/3d-allen-m-brain.glb - + - + FMA @@ -205565,9 +205566,9 @@ - - - + + + Part of medial lemniscus located within the midbrain. MLMB BAMS:mlmb @@ -205583,15 +205584,15 @@ UBERON:0002658 medial lemniscus of midbrain - + - + - + @@ -205604,19 +205605,19 @@ - + FMA - + NIFSTD - + NIFSTD @@ -206027,7 +206028,7 @@ - + Collection of nerve cells in the medial forebrain lying generally in front of the anterior commissure (Maryann Martone). Any of the groups of neural nuclei situated in the septal region which have afferent and cholinergic efferent connections with a variety of forebrain and brainstem areas including the hippocampus, the lateral hypothalamus, the tegmentum, and the amygdala. The septal nuclei are structures in the middle anteroventral cerebrum that are composed of medium-size neurons grouped into medial, lateral, and posterior groups. The septal nuclei receive reciprocal connections from the olfactory bulb, hippocampus, amygdala, hypothalamus, midbrain, habenula, cingulate gyrus, and thalamus. The septal nuclei play a role in reward and reinforcement along with the nucleus accumbens. In the 1950s, Olds &amp; Milner showed that rats with electrodes implanted in this area will self-stimulate repeatedly in order to experience a euphoric feeling (i.e. press a bar to receive electrical current that will stimulate the neurons). [WP,unvetted][Wikipedia:Septal_nuclei]. @@ -206054,14 +206055,14 @@ septal nuclear complex - + - + NIFSTD @@ -206126,7 +206127,7 @@ - + MML BAMS:ML BAMS:MML @@ -206151,14 +206152,14 @@ UBERON:0002664 lateral part of medial mammillary nucleus - + - + NIFSTD @@ -206245,7 +206246,7 @@ - + BAMS:HiS BAMS:SCG BAMS:Supracallosal_gyrus @@ -206264,7 +206265,7 @@ supracallosal gyrus - + @@ -206277,7 +206278,7 @@ - + FMA @@ -206645,7 +206646,7 @@ - + BAMS:ahls BIRNLEX:1327 @@ -206668,7 +206669,7 @@ UBERON:0002669 anterior horizontal limb of lateral sulcus - + @@ -206681,7 +206682,7 @@ - + NIFSTD @@ -206782,7 +206783,7 @@ - + BAMS:aals BIRNLEX:1330 @@ -206807,7 +206808,7 @@ UBERON:0002670 anterior ascending limb of lateral sulcus - + @@ -206820,7 +206821,7 @@ - + NIFSTD @@ -207066,8 +207067,8 @@ - - + + Nuclear complex containing the vestibular nuclei. In TA they are grouped in both the pons and medulla; DHBA has 'vestibular nuclei of pons', with LVN and SVN underneath; WP+MA says the SVN is in the pons, and GO includes VNC development under pons development, but this is not supported by ABA. Todo - check with NIF. @@ -207104,18 +207105,18 @@ vestibular nuclear complex http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/52/Gray691.png - + - + - + ABA FMA NIF @@ -207123,7 +207124,7 @@ - + Wikipedia:Vestibular_nuclei @@ -207291,7 +207292,7 @@ - + The ventral supraoptic decussation is the crossover point for signals from the left and right eye, en route respectively to the right and left sides of the visual cortex. Occupying the posterior part of the commissure of the optic chiasma is a strand of fibers, the Ventral supraoptic decussation (commissure of Gudden, Gudden's inferior commissure), which is not derived from the optic nerves; it forms a connecting link between the medial geniculate bodies. [WP,unvetted]. VSOX BAMS:supv @@ -207321,7 +207322,7 @@ ventral supraoptic decussation http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/Gray722.png - + @@ -207334,7 +207335,7 @@ - + FMA @@ -207522,7 +207523,7 @@ - + @@ -207556,14 +207557,14 @@ UBERON:0002679 anterodorsal nucleus of thalamus - + - + FMA NIFSTD @@ -207728,7 +207729,7 @@ - + @@ -207758,14 +207759,14 @@ UBERON:0002681 anteromedial nucleus of thalamus - + - + NIFSTD @@ -207875,7 +207876,7 @@ - + Nucleus located beneath the floor of the 4th ventricle in the pontine tegmentum, containing motor neurons innervating the lateral rectus muscle of the eye (Brodal, Neurological Anatomy, 3rd ed., 1981, pg 533). @@ -207928,7 +207929,7 @@ abducens nucleus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/30/Gray696.png - + @@ -207941,7 +207942,7 @@ - + ABA ZFA GO @@ -208128,7 +208129,7 @@ - + In the human brain, the rhinencephalon appears as a longitudinal elevation, with a corresponding internal furrow, on the under surface of the hemisphere close to the lamina terminalis; it is separated from the lateral surface of the hemisphere by a furrow, the external rhinal fissure (or rhinal sulcus), and is continuous behind with that part of the hemisphere, which will ultimately form the anterior end of the temporal lobe. [WP,unvetted]. RHS BAMS:rf @@ -208156,14 +208157,14 @@ rhinal sulcus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ce/Gehirn,_basal_-_beschriftet_lat.svg - + - + NIFSTD @@ -208243,7 +208244,7 @@ - + The raphe obscurus projects to the cerebellar lobes VI and VII and to crus II along with the nucleus raphe pontis . This so called obscure nucleus has also been implicated in the modulation of the hypoglossal nerve. It has been observed that the ablation of this nucleus causes a change in the firing pattern in the XII nerve . In addition, the raphe obscurus mediates expiration via the inhibitory effect of serotonin and depresses periodic synaptic potentials . It has also been shown that this nucleus stimulates gastrointestinal motor function; microinjections of 5-HT into the n.r. obscurus increase gastric movement . [WP,unvetted]. @@ -208271,14 +208272,14 @@ nucleus raphe obscurus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/94/Gray694.png - + - + FMA @@ -208365,7 +208366,7 @@ - + @@ -208405,14 +208406,14 @@ UBERON:0002685 anteroventral nucleus of thalamus - + - + NIFSTD @@ -208645,7 +208646,7 @@ - + X BIRNLEX:1379 DHBA:12653 @@ -208664,14 +208665,14 @@ UBERON:0002687 area X of ventral lateral nucleus - + - + FMA @@ -208832,8 +208833,8 @@ - - + + One of the circumventricular organs of the brain. The OVLT is outside the blood brain barrier, and so neurons in this region can respond to factors that are present in the systemic circulation. @@ -208872,11 +208873,11 @@ UBERON:0002689 supraoptic crest - + - + @@ -208889,13 +208890,13 @@ - + FMA - + Wikipedia @@ -209054,7 +209055,7 @@ - + @@ -209085,14 +209086,14 @@ UBERON:0002690 anteroventral periventricular nucleus - + - + FMA @@ -209406,8 +209407,8 @@ - - + + BAMS:RaM BIRNLEX:1420 FMA:68874 @@ -209424,24 +209425,24 @@ UBERON:0002692 medullary raphe nuclear complex - + - + - + FMA - + Wikipedia @@ -209991,7 +209992,7 @@ - + DSOX BAMS:dsox BAMS:supd @@ -210018,14 +210019,14 @@ UBERON:0002697 dorsal supraoptic decussation - + - + NIFSTD @@ -210214,7 +210215,7 @@ - + SOH BAMS:soh BIRNLEX:1440 @@ -210231,7 +210232,7 @@ UBERON:0002699 supraopticohypophysial tract - + @@ -210244,7 +210245,7 @@ - + FMA NIFSTD @@ -210373,7 +210374,7 @@ - + AM3 nucleus anteromedialis BAMS:AM3 @@ -210396,14 +210397,14 @@ UBERON:0002701 anterior median oculomotor nucleus - + - + NIFSTD @@ -210961,7 +210962,7 @@ - + The posterior nucleus of the hypothalamus is one of the many nuclei that make up the hypothalamic region of the brain. Its function is thermoregulation (heating) of the body. Damage or destruction of this nucleus causes hypothermia. @@ -210994,14 +210995,14 @@ UBERON:0002706 posterior nucleus of hypothalamus - + - + NIFSTD @@ -211268,7 +211269,7 @@ - + PPe BAMS:PPe BAMS:PVp @@ -211292,14 +211293,14 @@ UBERON:0002708 posterior periventricular nucleus - + - + NIFSTD @@ -211385,7 +211386,7 @@ - + Part of thalamus comprising ill defined cellular groups in the caudal thalamus at the meso-diencephalic junction. It is not a homogeneous structure but consists of several distinct cellular groups, including the suprageniculate and limitans nuclei, the magnocellular division of the medial geniculate body, portions of the pulvinar nucleus and an area of mixed cell types intercalated between the ventroposterior nucleus and the nucleus lateral posterior (Brodal, Neurological Anatomy, 3rd ed., 1981, pg 97). ZFA grouping dubious @@ -211421,14 +211422,14 @@ posterior nuclear complex of thalamus - + - + FMA @@ -211790,7 +211791,7 @@ - + PMm BAMS:PM BAMS:PMm @@ -211807,7 +211808,7 @@ UBERON:0002712 premammillary nucleus - + @@ -211820,7 +211821,7 @@ - + FMA @@ -212383,7 +212384,7 @@ - + White matter tract arising in red nucleus and projecting to spinal cord ventral horn. BAMS:rs BAMS:rust @@ -212407,14 +212408,14 @@ http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b2/Spinal_cord_tracts_-_English.svg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe/Medulla_spinalis_-_tracts_-_English.svg - + - + FMA NIF combined @@ -212622,7 +212623,7 @@ - + @@ -212650,14 +212651,14 @@ rostral interstitial nucleus of medial longitudinal fasciculus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/90/Gray710.png - + - + FMA NIF @@ -212814,7 +212815,7 @@ - + The spino-olivary tract is located in the ventral funiculus of the spinal cord. This tract carries proprioception information from muscles and tendons as well as cutaneous impulses to the olivary nucleus. [WP,unvetted]. BAMS:spo BIRNLEX:1484 @@ -212835,14 +212836,14 @@ spino-olivary tract - + - + Wikipedia @@ -212902,7 +212903,7 @@ - + White matter bundle in the posterior hypothalamus containing ascending afferent fibers to the mammillary bodies from the ventral and dorsal tegmental nuclei (Brodal, Neurological Anatomy, 3rd ed., 1981, pg 671). MPE BAMS:mp @@ -212925,14 +212926,14 @@ UBERON:0002720 mammillary peduncle - + - + FMA @@ -213000,7 +213001,7 @@ - + A sulcus that divides the frontal lobe and parietal lobe above from the temporal lobe below. It is in both hemispheres of the brain but is longer in the left hemisphere. The lateral sulcus is one of the earliest-developing sulci of the human brain. It first appears around the fourteenth gestational week[WP,modified]. LS BAMS:lf @@ -213037,7 +213038,7 @@ lateral sulcus https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/41/Lateral_sulcus2.png - + @@ -213050,7 +213051,7 @@ - + NIFSTD @@ -213368,7 +213369,7 @@ - + MPR BAMS:mpr BAMS:pm @@ -213388,7 +213389,7 @@ UBERON:0002723 mammillary princeps fasciculus - + @@ -213401,7 +213402,7 @@ - + FMA @@ -213712,7 +213713,7 @@ - + Thin sheet of white matter dividing the external and internal segments of the globus pallidus in primates. BAMS:mml @@ -213748,7 +213749,7 @@ UBERON:0002727 medial medullary lamina of globus pallidus - + @@ -213761,7 +213762,7 @@ - + FMA NIFSTD @@ -213926,15 +213927,15 @@ - - + + - + Component of the temporal lobe on the mesial surface. The rostral and caudal boundaries of the entorhinal cortex are the rostral end of the collateral sulcus and the caudal end of the amygdala respectively. The medial boundary is the medial aspect of the temporal lobe and the lateral boundary is the collateral sulcus. (DK). TODO - check area vs complex. MBA:909 this is part of the hippocampal formation via retrohippocampal region @@ -213975,34 +213976,34 @@ entorhinal cortex http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f8/Gray-Brodman-Entorhinal_Cortex_EC_.png - + - + - + - + FMA - + BTO - + BTO @@ -214092,8 +214093,8 @@ - - + + BAMS:ClA BAMS:VCl BIRNLEX:1515 @@ -214111,24 +214112,24 @@ UBERON:0002729 claustral amygdaloid area - + - + - + FMA - + NIF @@ -214234,7 +214235,7 @@ - + @@ -214260,14 +214261,14 @@ UBERON:0002731 vestibulocochlear nerve root - + - + FMA @@ -214327,7 +214328,7 @@ - + BAMS:lfp BAMS:lp BIRNLEX:1523 @@ -214348,7 +214349,7 @@ UBERON:0002732 longitudinal pontine fibers - + @@ -214361,7 +214362,7 @@ - + NIFSTD @@ -214666,7 +214667,7 @@ - + BAMS:tfp BAMS:tpf BIRNLEX:1535 @@ -214688,7 +214689,7 @@ UBERON:0002735 transverse pontine fibers - + @@ -214701,7 +214702,7 @@ - + NIFSTD @@ -215103,7 +215104,7 @@ - + The medial dorsal nucleus (or dorsomedial nucleus of thalamus) is a large nucleus in the thalamus. It receives inputs from the Pre-Frontal Cortex and the Limbic System and in turn relays them to the Pre-Frontal Association Cortex. As a result, it plays a crucial role in attention, planning, organization, abstract thinking, multi-tasking and active memory. The connections of the medial dorsal nucleus have even been used to delineate the prefrontal cortex of the Göttingen minipig brain. By stereology the number of brain cells in the region has been estimated to around 6.43 million neurons in the adult human brain and 36.3 million glial cells, and with the newborn having quite different numbers: around 11.2 million neurons and 10.6 million glial cells. Lesions of the medial dorsal nucleus have been associated with Wernicke's encephalopathy [WP,unvetted]. @@ -215161,14 +215162,14 @@ medial dorsal nucleus of thalamus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1b/ThalamicNuclei.png - + - + Wikipedia @@ -215461,7 +215462,7 @@ - + A white fibre bundle descending in the precommissural septum toward the base of the forebrain, immediately rostral to the lamina terminalis; at the base, the bundle turns in the caudolateral direction; traveling through the ventral substantia innominata alongside the optic tract, it fades before reaching the amygdala. BAMS:db BIRNLEX:1551 @@ -215499,14 +215500,14 @@ diagonal band of Broca http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d7/Gray724.png - + - + FMA @@ -215653,7 +215654,7 @@ - + @@ -215684,14 +215685,14 @@ lamina of septum pellucidum - + - + FMA @@ -215750,7 +215751,7 @@ - + A region of the brain consisting of ventral and rostral subcortical regions of the telencephalon, including among others, the basal ganglia, septal nuclei, amygdala, ventral pallidum, substantia innominata, and basal nucleus of Meynert. BAMS:Basal_forebrain @@ -215774,14 +215775,14 @@ basal forebrain http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a4/Basal_Forebrain_Monakhos_2007.png - + - + BTO @@ -215824,7 +215825,7 @@ - + The mouth of the flasklike dentate nucleus of the cerebellum, directed inward (rostromedial), and giving exit to many of the fibers that compose the superior cerebellar peduncle or brachium conjunctivum. BAMS:hdt BIRNLEX:1561 @@ -215839,7 +215840,7 @@ UBERON:0002744 hilum of dentate nucleus - + @@ -215852,7 +215853,7 @@ - + NIFSTD @@ -215899,7 +215900,7 @@ - + BAMS:vaf BIRNLEX:1563 FMA:61977 @@ -215912,7 +215913,7 @@ UBERON:0002745 ventral amygdalofugal projection - + @@ -215925,7 +215926,7 @@ - + FMA @@ -215968,7 +215969,7 @@ - + IPe BAMS:IPe BAMS:PVI @@ -215988,14 +215989,14 @@ UBERON:0002746 intermediate periventricular nucleus - + - + NIFSTD @@ -216126,8 +216127,8 @@ - - + + Part of medial lemniscus located within the medulla. BAMS:mlm BIRNLEX:1570 @@ -216141,11 +216142,11 @@ UBERON:0002748 medial lemniscus of medulla - + - + @@ -216158,14 +216159,14 @@ - + FMA NIFSTD - + NIFSTD @@ -216351,7 +216352,7 @@ - + Component of the temporal lobe, lateral aspect. The rostral boundary is the rostral extent of the inferior temporal sulcus whereas the caudal boundary is designated as the temporo-occipital incisure on the cortical surface. The occipitotemporal sulcus is the medial boundary and the inferior temporal sulcus is the lateral boundary (Christine Fennema-Notestine). BAMS:ITG @@ -216380,14 +216381,14 @@ https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/brain-female/v1.4/assets/3d-allen-f-brain.glb https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/brain-male/v1.4/assets/3d-allen-m-brain.glb - + - + Wikipedia @@ -216536,7 +216537,7 @@ - + It ascends the dorsal part of the lateral funiculus and enters the cerebellum via the restiform body. Within the cerebellum, its axons terminate in the ipsilateral hindlimb area of the anterior lobe and in the pyramis and the paramedian lobule predominantly ipsilaterally. Rostrally, it extends to lobules I and II. Afferents from the upper trunk, forelimbs, and the neck to the cerebellum. The dorsal spinocerebellar tract (posterior spinocerebellar tract, Flechsig's fasciculus, Flechsig's tract) conveys proprioceptive information from the body to the cerebellum. It is part of the somatosensory system and runs in parallel with the ventral spinocerebellar tract. Proprioceptive information is taken to the via central processes of dorsal root ganglia (first order neurons). These central processes travel through the dorsal horn where they synapse with second order neurons of Clarke's nucleus. Axon fibers from Clarke's Nucleus convey this proprioceptive information in the spinal cord in the peripheral region of the posteriolateral funiculus ipsilaterally until it reaches the cerebellum, where unconscious proprioceptive information is processed. This tract involves two neurons and ends up on the same side of the body. [WP,unvetted][Wikipedia:Dorsal_spinocerebellar_tract]. @@ -216563,14 +216564,14 @@ http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b2/Spinal_cord_tracts_-_English.svg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe/Medulla_spinalis_-_tracts_-_English.svg - + - + Wikipedia @@ -216707,7 +216708,7 @@ - + @@ -216750,7 +216751,7 @@ pyramidal decussation http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ac/Gray684.png - + @@ -216763,7 +216764,7 @@ - + NIFSTD @@ -217381,8 +217382,8 @@ - - + + Part of pyramidal tract (corticospinal tract) containing uncrossed fibers and traveling in the ventral funiculus of the spinal cord. BAMS:vcsp BIRNLEX:1618 @@ -217418,24 +217419,24 @@ ventral corticospinal tract http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe/Medulla_spinalis_-_tracts_-_English.svg - + - + - + NIFSTD - + modified part_of to overlaps NIFSTD @@ -217778,7 +217779,7 @@ - + Thin bundle of myelinated axons that divides the medial pallidal segment into outer and inner portions (Carpenter, Core Text of Neuroanatomy, 3rd ed., 1985, pg. 303). BAMS:aml @@ -217804,7 +217805,7 @@ UBERON:0002763 accessory medullary lamina of globus pallidus - + @@ -217817,7 +217818,7 @@ - + NIFSTD @@ -217990,7 +217991,7 @@ - + The lateral medullary lamina is a thin white structure located in the basal ganglia of the primate brain. Bounded laterally by the putamen and medially by the globus pallidus, it is defined on the basis of Nissl or myelin stain ( Carpenter-1983 ). BAMS:lml BIRNLEX:1634 @@ -218027,7 +218028,7 @@ UBERON:0002765 lateral medullary lamina of globus pallidus - + @@ -218040,7 +218041,7 @@ - + FMA NIFSTD @@ -218379,8 +218380,8 @@ - - + + A long process of a CNS neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body in the vestibular nucleus of the pons towards target cells in the spinal cord[GO]. BAMS:vs BIRNLEX:1643 @@ -218405,11 +218406,11 @@ http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b2/Spinal_cord_tracts_-_English.svg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe/Medulla_spinalis_-_tracts_-_English.svg - + - + @@ -218422,14 +218423,14 @@ - + weakened NIFSTD - + weakened NIFSTD @@ -218971,7 +218972,7 @@ - + A pathway that terminates on the hair cells of the cochlea or equivalent organ in the inner ear. BAMS:ocb BIRNLEX:1666 @@ -218990,7 +218991,7 @@ UBERON:0002775 olivocochlear bundle - + @@ -219003,7 +219004,7 @@ - + FMA @@ -219246,8 +219247,8 @@ - - + + Part of the globus pallidus, consisting of the more medial of the two segments. In some species, e.g., primates, it is separated from the lateral segment by the fibers of the medial medullary lamina (MM). BAMS:PALv BIRNLEX:1674 @@ -219267,11 +219268,11 @@ UBERON:0002778 ventral pallidum - + - + @@ -219284,14 +219285,14 @@ - + BTO NIF-def - + NIFSTD @@ -219344,7 +219345,7 @@ - + One of two recognized nuclei comprising the superior olive. The lateral superior olivary nucleus is much less prominent in humans than in many rodents and carnivores. In the latter species, it is frequently described as S- or V-shaped. BAMS:IOda @@ -219376,14 +219377,14 @@ lateral superior olivary nucleus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/Gray679.png - + - + NIFSTD @@ -219507,7 +219508,7 @@ - + VPLC BAMS:VPLC BAMS:VPLp @@ -219531,14 +219532,14 @@ UBERON:0002781 caudal part of ventral posterolateral nucleus of thalamus - + - + NIFSTD @@ -219633,8 +219634,8 @@ - - + + One of two subnuclei of the superior olive located within the caudal pontine tegmentum. Appears as a parasagittal row of transversely oriented bipolar neurons in transverse sections of human, with elongated somata in humans and other primates and large caliber dendrites. BAMS:MSO BIRNLEX:1682 @@ -219668,24 +219669,24 @@ medial superior olivary nucleus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/46/Gray713.png - + - + - + NIFSTD - + NIFSTD @@ -219787,7 +219788,7 @@ - + @@ -219805,7 +219806,7 @@ UBERON:0002783 central tegmental tract of pons - + @@ -219818,7 +219819,7 @@ - + FMA @@ -219928,7 +219929,7 @@ - + @@ -219956,7 +219957,7 @@ UBERON:0002786 root of abducens nerve - + @@ -219969,7 +219970,7 @@ - + ZFA-abduced @@ -220051,7 +220052,7 @@ - + @@ -220080,14 +220081,14 @@ UBERON:0002787 decussation of trochlear nerve - + - + FMA @@ -220648,7 +220649,7 @@ - + Part of dorsal longitudinal fasciculus located within the pons. BAMS:dlfp BIRNLEX:1707 @@ -220661,7 +220662,7 @@ UBERON:0002793 dorsal longitudinal fasciculus of pons - + @@ -220674,7 +220675,7 @@ - + NIFSTD @@ -220887,7 +220888,7 @@ - + TODO - check ZFA BAMS:m5 BAMS:mV @@ -220921,14 +220922,14 @@ UBERON:0002796 motor root of trigeminal nerve - + - + Wikipedia @@ -221044,7 +221045,7 @@ - + The dorsal trigeminal tract (dorsal trigeminothalamic tract, or lemniscus) is a tract which receives signals from Meissner's corpuscles and Pacinian corpuscles. this tract arises from Principal trigeminal nucleus and terminates in the VPM nucleus of the thalamus. [WP,unvetted]. BAMS:d5 BAMS:tth @@ -221076,14 +221077,14 @@ This tract arises from Principal trigeminal nucleus and terminates in the ipsilateral VPM nucleus of the thalamus.[WP] dorsal trigeminal tract - + - + FMA NIFSTD @@ -221200,7 +221201,7 @@ - + @@ -221229,7 +221230,7 @@ UBERON:0002798 spinothalamic tract of pons - + @@ -221242,7 +221243,7 @@ - + FMA @@ -221412,7 +221413,7 @@ - + BAMS:sp5p BIRNLEX:1725 FMA:72507 @@ -221425,14 +221426,14 @@ UBERON:0002800 spinal trigeminal tract of pons - + - + NIFSTD @@ -221467,7 +221468,7 @@ - + The thalamus consists chiefly of gray substance, but its upper surface is covered by a layer of white substance, named the stratum zonale. BAMS:SZ BIRNLEX:1727 @@ -221483,14 +221484,14 @@ UBERON:0002801 stratum zonale of thalamus - + - + NIFSTD @@ -222498,7 +222499,7 @@ - + The cupula is a structure in the vestibular system, sensing proprioception. The cupula is located within the ampullae of each of the three semicircular canals. As fluid rushes by the cupula, hair cells within it sense rotational acceleration, and transmit the corresponding signal to the brain through the vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII) In their natural orientation within the head, the cupulae are located on the medial aspect of the semicircular canals. In this orientation, the kinocilia rest on the posterior aspect of the cupula. [WP,unvetted]. BIRNLEX:2523 BIRNLEX:2555 @@ -222520,14 +222521,14 @@ apex of cochlea - + - + Wikipedia @@ -222978,9 +222979,9 @@ - - - + + + The group of neuron cell bodies associated with the eighth cranial nerve during embryogenesis; splits in later development to form the cochlear and vestibular ganglia. Consider follow MA naming scheme. The sensory ganglion of the ear. (See Anatomical Atlas entry for statoacoustic ganglion by T. Whitfield.)[TAO] @@ -223023,15 +223024,15 @@ vestibulocochlear ganglion - + - + - + @@ -223044,19 +223045,19 @@ - + ZFA - + NCBIBook:NBK53175 - + EHDAA2 @@ -223445,7 +223446,7 @@ - + AVCo BAMS:AVCo @@ -223467,14 +223468,14 @@ UBERON:0002830 anteroventral cochlear nucleus - + - + NIFSTD @@ -223559,7 +223560,7 @@ - + PVCo BAMS:PVCo BIRNLEX:2573 @@ -223578,14 +223579,14 @@ UBERON:0002831 posteroventral cochlear nucleus - + - + NIFSTD @@ -223652,7 +223653,7 @@ - + @@ -223676,14 +223677,14 @@ UBERON:0002832 ventral nucleus of trapezoid body - + - + Wikipedia @@ -223744,7 +223745,7 @@ - + Nucleus in the pontine tegmentum of most mammals that receives projections from the ventral cochlear nucleus via the large specialized synapse, the Calyx of Held. It is not clear whether a well defined nucleus is present in humans, although humans may possess scattered cells with similar input. BIRNLEX:2595 @@ -223755,14 +223756,14 @@ UBERON:0002833 medial nucleus of trapezoid body - + - + Wikipedia @@ -225683,13 +225684,13 @@ - + - + CGM BAMS:CGM BIRNLEX:2638 @@ -225707,14 +225708,14 @@ UBERON:0002867 central gray substance of medulla - + - + FMA @@ -225981,7 +225982,7 @@ - + A cranial nerve nucleus for the vagus nerve in the medulla that lies under the floor of the fourth ventricle. It mostly serves parasympathetic vagal functions in the gastrointestinal tract, lungs, and other thoracic and abdominal vagal innervations. The cell bodies for the preganglionic parasympathetic vagal neurons that innervate the heart reside in the nucleus ambiguus.[WP,unvetted]. @@ -226039,14 +226040,14 @@ dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/82/Gray697.png - + - + definitional @@ -226467,7 +226468,7 @@ - + @@ -226507,14 +226508,14 @@ inferior salivatory nucleus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a0/Gray843.png - + - + definitional @@ -227688,7 +227689,7 @@ - + BAMS:ABA BAMS:BAM BIRNLEX:2686 @@ -227714,14 +227715,14 @@ UBERON:0002885 accessory basal amygdaloid nucleus - + - + NIFSTD @@ -227825,7 +227826,7 @@ - + The sensory interface of the amygdala where plasticity is mediated (Phelps & LeDoux, 2005, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/ 16242399). @@ -227859,14 +227860,14 @@ lateral amygdaloid nucleus - + - + NIFSTD @@ -227950,7 +227951,7 @@ - + BAMS:ABL BAMS:BL @@ -227980,14 +227981,14 @@ UBERON:0002887 basal amygdaloid nucleus - + - + NIFSTD @@ -228339,7 +228340,7 @@ - + BAMS:AA BAMS:AAA @@ -228366,14 +228367,14 @@ anterior amygdaloid area - + - + NIFSTD @@ -228434,7 +228435,7 @@ - + Three layered structure that is located in the caudal aspect of the amygdala bordering the periamygdaloid cortex laterally. @@ -228467,14 +228468,14 @@ cortical amygdaloid nucleus - + - + NIFSTD @@ -228577,7 +228578,7 @@ - + BAMS:MEA BAMS:Me @@ -228605,14 +228606,14 @@ medial amygdaloid nucleus - + - + NIFSTD @@ -228819,8 +228820,8 @@ - - + + @@ -228856,24 +228857,24 @@ olfactory cortex - + - + - + VHOG - + MA @@ -228941,7 +228942,7 @@ - + Brodmann's area 28; major gateway for neocortical input to the hippocampus; origin of the perforant pathway; a component of the medial temporal lobe memory system. (CSP) * The cytoarchitecturally well-defined area of multilaminate cerebral cortex on the medial aspect of the parahippocampal gyrus, immediately caudal to the olfactory cortex of the uncus. The entorhinal cortex is the origin of the major neural fiber system afferent to the hippocampus, the so-called PERFORANT PATHWAY. (Stedman, 25th ed). FMA considers this a syn of entorhinal cortex. See also brodman definition BAMS:Ent @@ -228959,14 +228960,14 @@ secondary olfactory cortex - + - + NIF @@ -229482,12 +229483,12 @@ - + - + The anterior end of the hemisphere is named the frontal pole. The posterior end is named the occipital pole. The anterior end of the temporal lobe, the temporal pole. [WP,unvetted]. OCP @@ -229514,14 +229515,14 @@ https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/brain-female/v1.4/assets/3d-allen-f-brain.glb https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/brain-male/v1.4/assets/3d-allen-m-brain.glb - + - + BTO @@ -229721,7 +229722,7 @@ - + A groove located within the boundaries of the lingual gyrus in the human. Identified by dissection, it is oriented parallel to the inferior margin of the occipital lobe ( Ono-1990; Duvernoy-1992 ). It is not found in the macaque or in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ) ILS @@ -229736,7 +229737,7 @@ UBERON:0002905 intralingual sulcus - + @@ -229749,7 +229750,7 @@ - + cjm @@ -230043,7 +230044,7 @@ - + One of two branches of the lateral fissure at its posterior terminus identified by dissection in the human. The other is the terminal descending limb of the lateral fissure ( Ono-1990 ). It is not found in the macaque ( Martin-2000 ), the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) or the mouse ( Hof-2000 ). PALS BAMS:pals @@ -230063,7 +230064,7 @@ UBERON:0002910 posterior ascending limb of lateral sulcus - + @@ -230076,7 +230077,7 @@ - + NIFSTD @@ -230232,7 +230233,7 @@ - + The marginal sulcus is the portion of the cingulate sulcus adjacent to the paracentral lobule and the precuneus. It is sometimes known as the 'marginal part of the cingulate sulcus'. [WP,unvetted]. MS BIRNLEX:4030 @@ -230254,7 +230255,7 @@ marginal sulcus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d0/Gray727_marginal_sulcus.svg - + @@ -230267,7 +230268,7 @@ - + FMA @@ -230626,7 +230627,7 @@ - + @@ -230669,14 +230670,14 @@ http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8e/Gray726_central_sulcus.svg https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b6/Central_sulcus.png - + - + NIFSTD @@ -230792,7 +230793,7 @@ - + The Medial parabrachial nucleus is a nucleus of the pons which constitutes part of the pneumotaxic center. It gets its name from its location relative to the superior cerebellar peduncles, which is also known as the 'brachia conjunctiva'. [WP,unvetted]. BAMS:MPB @@ -230813,14 +230814,14 @@ medial parabrachial nucleus - + - + FMA @@ -231168,7 +231169,7 @@ - + A small triangular area in front of the anterior perforated substance. Its apex, directed forward, occupies the posterior part of the olfactory sulcus, and is brought into view by throwing back the olfactory tract (adapted from Wikipedia). OLT BAMS:OTr @@ -231188,14 +231189,14 @@ olfactory trigone http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4d/Gray732.png - + - + BTO-def @@ -231300,8 +231301,8 @@ - - + + The terminal nerve, located anterior to cranial nerve I, is comprised of a group of cells with somata adjacent to the olfactory bulb and processes that extend anteriorly to the olfactory epithelium and posteriorly to the telencephalon. In teleost fish an additional group of axons extends along the optic tract and delivers putative neuromodulators to the retina. It is thought to develop from cranial neural crest. The terminal nerve, located anterior to cranial nerve I, is comprised of a group of cells with somata adjacent to the olfactory bulb and processes that extend anteriorly to the olfactory epithelium and posteriorly to the telencephalon. In teleost fish an additional group of axons extends along the optic tract and delivers putative neuromodulators to the retina. It is thought to develop from cranial neural crest. Whitlock 2004. Also see Grens, Greenwood and Fernald, Brain Behav Evol 2005; 66(1):1-9.[TAO] TRN @@ -231328,11 +231329,11 @@ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2286018 state: 'The presence of an additional cranial nerve (the nervus terminalis or cranial nerve zero) is well documented in many non-human vertebrate species. However, its existence in the adult human has been disputed. The present study focused on the structure and incidence of this nerve in the adult human brain. The nerve was examined post-mortem in 10 adult brains using dissection microscopy, light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and immunohistochemistry. In all specimens, the nervus terminalis was identified bilaterally as a microscopic plexus of unmyelinated peripheral nerve fascicles in the subarachnoid space covering the gyrus rectus of the orbital surface of the frontal lobes. The plexus appeared in the region of the cribriform plate of the ethmoid and coursed posteriorly to the vicinity of the olfactory trigone, medial olfactory gyrus, and lamina terminalis. We conclude that the terminal nerve is a common finding in the adult human brain, confirming early light microscopic reports.' terminal nerve - + - + @@ -231345,13 +231346,13 @@ - + ISBN:0471888893 - + ISBN:0471888893 @@ -231564,7 +231565,7 @@ - + @@ -231578,14 +231579,14 @@ UBERON:0002926 gustatory epithelium - + - + NIFSTD @@ -231697,7 +231698,7 @@ - + BIRNLEX:701 DHBA:12364 FMA:72505 @@ -231712,7 +231713,7 @@ UBERON:0002930 tectopontine tract - + @@ -231725,7 +231726,7 @@ - + FMA @@ -231774,7 +231775,7 @@ - + BAMS:DS BIRNLEX:704 FMA:61877 @@ -231786,14 +231787,14 @@ UBERON:0002931 dorsal septal nucleus - + - + NIFSTD @@ -232024,7 +232025,7 @@ - + V3 BIRNLEX:713 DHBA:12205 @@ -232040,14 +232041,14 @@ UBERON:0002934 ventral oculomotor nucleus - + - + NIFSTD @@ -232103,7 +232104,7 @@ - + VAMC BAMS:VAMC BIRNLEX:716 @@ -232131,14 +232132,14 @@ UBERON:0002935 magnocellular part of ventral anterior nucleus - + - + FMA @@ -232380,7 +232381,7 @@ - + VAPC BAMS:VAPC BIRNLEX:722 @@ -232399,14 +232400,14 @@ UBERON:0002937 parvocellular part of ventral anterior nucleus - + - + FMA @@ -232604,7 +232605,7 @@ - + BAMS:VP BAMS:VPI BIRNLEX:728 @@ -232638,14 +232639,14 @@ UBERON:0002939 ventral posteroinferior nucleus - + - + FMA @@ -232760,7 +232761,7 @@ - + BAMS:afx @@ -232777,14 +232778,14 @@ UBERON:0002940 anterior column of fornix - + - + NIFSTD @@ -232915,7 +232916,7 @@ - + The ventral posterolateral nucleus (VPL) is a nucleus of the thalamus. Together with the ventral posteromedial nucleus (VPM) it constitutes the ventral posterior nucleus. [WP,unvetted]. @@ -232958,14 +232959,14 @@ ventral posterolateral nucleus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1b/ThalamicNuclei.png - + - + FMA NIF @@ -233203,14 +233204,14 @@ - + - + Part of spinothalamic tract that is in the medulla. spinothalamic tract BAMS:stm @@ -233229,11 +233230,11 @@ spinothalamic tract of medulla http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe/Medulla_spinalis_-_tracts_-_English.svg - + - + @@ -233246,13 +233247,13 @@ - + FMA - + GO @@ -233300,7 +233301,7 @@ - + The ventral posteromedial nucleus is a nucleus of the thalamus. [WP,unvetted]. @@ -233354,14 +233355,14 @@ ventral posteromedial nucleus of thalamus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1b/ThalamicNuclei.png - + - + FMA @@ -233705,8 +233706,8 @@ - - + + A long process of a CNS neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body in the superior colliculus of the midbrain towards target cells in the ventral spinal cord[GO]. NIF and FMA differ in placement (spinal cord vs medulla) BAMS:ts @@ -233733,11 +233734,11 @@ tectospinal tract http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/be/Gray670.png - + - + @@ -233750,14 +233751,14 @@ - + weakened FMA - + weakened NIFSTD @@ -234059,7 +234060,7 @@ - + A relatively small region of the hypothalamus located inferior to the hypothalamic sulcus. Brain structure which is the dorsal most region of the hypothalamus and expands laterally and emerges caudal to the ventral zone and is separated from the median tuberal portion by a deep ventral sulcus. From Neuroanatomy of the Zebrafish Brain[ZFA:0000347, ISBN:3764351209, ZFA:curator]. In humans it contains the following nuclei: portions of the dorsomedial nucleus [TA] (nucleus dorsomedialis [TA]), endopeduncular nucleus [TA]) (nucleus endopeduncularis [TA]), and portions of the nucleus of the ansa lenticularis (nucleus ansae lenticularis @@ -234083,14 +234084,14 @@ ). dorsal hypothalamic area - + - + NIFSTD @@ -234165,7 +234166,7 @@ - + @@ -234193,14 +234194,14 @@ UBERON:0002955 rhomboidal nucleus - + - + NIFSTD @@ -234429,7 +234430,7 @@ - + CC3 BAMS:CC3 BIRNLEX:780 @@ -234447,14 +234448,14 @@ UBERON:0002957 caudal central oculomotor nucleus - + - + NIFSTD @@ -234504,8 +234505,8 @@ - - + + Part of medial lemniscus located within the pons. BAMS:mlp BIRNLEX:781 @@ -234523,11 +234524,11 @@ UBERON:0002958 medial lemniscus of pons - + - + @@ -234540,14 +234541,14 @@ - + FMA NIFSTD - + FMA @@ -234612,7 +234613,7 @@ - + SF BAMS:SF BIRNLEX:783 @@ -234624,14 +234625,14 @@ UBERON:0002959 subfascicular nucleus - + - + NIFSTD @@ -234670,7 +234671,7 @@ - + C3 BIRNLEX:786 DHBA:12201 @@ -234687,14 +234688,14 @@ UBERON:0002960 central oculomotor nucleus - + - + NIFSTD @@ -234743,8 +234744,8 @@ - - + + A portion of the cerebral cortex that, with the paleocortex, develops in association with the olfactory system, and which is phylogenetically older than the neocortex and lacks its layered structure. The embryonic archicortex corresponds to the cortex of the dentate gyrus and hippocampus in mature mammals. Being part of the limbic system, it has functions related to emotions and formation of memory. Signals being sent from the limbic lobe to the hippocampal formations can go via the archicortex as an intermediate. BAMS:ACx BIRNLEX:787 @@ -234763,11 +234764,11 @@ archicortex - + - + @@ -234780,13 +234781,13 @@ - + FMA - + Wikipedia @@ -234821,10 +234822,10 @@ - - - - + + + + A muscle in the manus that functions to adduct the thumb. It has two heads: transverse and oblique. It is a fleshy, flat, triangular, and fan-shaped muscle deep in the thenar compartment beneath the long flexor tendons and the lumbrical muscles at the center of the palm. It overlies the metacarpal bones and the interosseous muscles[WP]. EMAPA:36213 @@ -234840,46 +234841,46 @@ adductor pollicis muscle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/df/Musculusadductorpollicis.png - + - + - + - + - + medial side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb and the ulnar sesamoid dbpedia - + medial side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb and the ulnar sesamoid dbpedia - + dbpedia - + dbpedia @@ -235030,7 +235031,7 @@ - + D3 BAMS:D3 BIRNLEX:793 @@ -235046,14 +235047,14 @@ UBERON:0002964 dorsal oculomotor nucleus - + - + NIFSTD @@ -235102,7 +235103,7 @@ - + RIL BAMS:RIL @@ -235121,14 +235122,14 @@ UBERON:0002965 rostral intralaminar nuclear group - + - + FMA @@ -235353,7 +235354,7 @@ - + @@ -235379,14 +235380,14 @@ UBERON:0002968 central gray substance of pons - + - + FMA @@ -235573,7 +235574,7 @@ - + I3 BAMS:I3 BIRNLEX:803 @@ -235590,14 +235591,14 @@ UBERON:0002970 intermediate oculomotor nucleus - + - + NIFSTD @@ -235746,7 +235747,7 @@ - + In the anatomy of the brain, the centromedian nucleus, also known as the centrum medianum, (CM or Cm-Pf) is a part of the intralaminar nucleus (ILN) of the thalamus. There are two centromedian nuclei arranged bilaterally. It contains about 2000 neurons per cubic millimetre and has a volume of about 310 cubic millimetres with 664,000 neurons in total. [WP,unvetted]. CMn @@ -235786,14 +235787,14 @@ centromedian nucleus of thalamus - + - + FMA @@ -235932,11 +235933,11 @@ - - - - - + + + + + Component of the temporal lobe on the mesial surface, posterior to the entorhinal cortex. The rostral and caudal boundaries are the posterior end of the netorhinal cortex and the caudal portion of the hippocampus, respectively. The medial boudnary is designated as the medial aspect off the temporal lobe and the lateral boundary is the collateral sulcus (Christine Fennema-Notestine). BAMS:PHG @@ -235966,55 +235967,55 @@ parahippocampal gyrus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b1/Human_brainstem_anterior_view_2_description.JPG - + - + - + - + - + - + FMA - + FMA - + FMA NIF - + Wikipedia - + Wikipedia @@ -236198,7 +236199,7 @@ - + M3 BAMS:M3 BIRNLEX:813 @@ -236214,14 +236215,14 @@ UBERON:0002975 medial oculomotor nucleus - + - + NIFSTD @@ -236315,7 +236316,7 @@ - + BAMS:STN BAMS:TRS @@ -236337,14 +236338,14 @@ UBERON:0002977 triangular septal nucleus - + - + NIFSTD @@ -236671,7 +236672,7 @@ - + Component of the inferior frontal gyrus.defined as the first gyrus from the precentral gyrus. inferior frontal gyrus, pars opercularis @@ -236698,14 +236699,14 @@ https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/brain-female/v1.4/assets/3d-allen-f-brain.glb https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/brain-male/v1.4/assets/3d-allen-m-brain.glb - + - + FMA @@ -236787,7 +236788,7 @@ - + One of a set of nuclei located in the posterior thalamus, that projects to all or nearly all extra-striate visual areas. Pul @@ -236821,14 +236822,14 @@ pulvinar nucleus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b7/Gray719.png - + - + FMA @@ -236991,7 +236992,7 @@ - + The lateral posterior nucleus is a nucleus of the thalamus. It acts in concert with the pulvinar. @@ -237029,14 +237030,14 @@ lateral posterior nucleus of thalamus - + - + NIFSTD @@ -237157,7 +237158,7 @@ - + The lateral dorsal nucleus is a nucleus of the thalamus. It acts in concert with the anterior nuclei of thalamus. It receives significant input from several subdivisions of visual cortex, and has a primary output to parietal cortex on the dorsolateral cortical convexity, giving it access to limbic forebrain nuclei important for emotion and behavior functions. @@ -237198,14 +237199,14 @@ UBERON:0002984 lateral dorsal nucleus - + - + NIFSTD @@ -237571,14 +237572,14 @@ - + - + Runs through the ventrolateral surface of the spinal cord. It enters the cerebellum through the superior cerebellar peduncle. It crosses the midline at the segmental level and recrosses in the cerebellum. Its terminals are distributed in the cerebellar anterior lobe, preferentially in the ipsilateral intermediate cortex. Rostrally, it extends to lobule II. The ventral spinocerebellar tract conveys proprioceptive information from the body to the cerebellum. It is part of the somatosensory system and runs in parallel with the dorsal spinocerebellar tract. Both these tracts involve two neurons and end up on the same side of the body. The ventral tract (under L2/L3) gets its proprioceptive/fine touch/vibration information from a first order neuron, with its cell body in a dorsal ganglion. The axon runs via the fila radicularia to the dorsal horn of the grey matter. There it makes a synapse with the dendrites of two neurons: they send their axons bilaterally to the ventral border of the lateral funiculi. The ventral spinocerebellar tract then enters the cerebellum via the superior cerebellar peduncle. This is in contrast with the dorsal spinocerebellar tract (C8 - L2/L3), which only has 1 unilateral axon that has its cell body in the Clarke's nuclei (only at the level of C8 - L2/L3). The fibers of the ventral spinocerebellar tract then eventually enter the cerebellum via the superior cerebellar peduncle. This is one of the few afferent tracts through the superior cerebellar peduncle. Originates from ventral horn at lumbosacral spinal levels. Axons first cross midline in the spinal cord and run in the ventral border of the lateral funiculi. These axons ascend up to the pons where they join the superior cerebellar peduncle to enter the cerebellum. Once in the deep white matter of the cerebellum, the axons recross the midline, give off collaterals to the globose and emboliform nuclei, and terminate in the cortex of the anterior lobe and vermis of the posterior lobe. [WP,unvetted][Wikipedia:Ventral_spinocerebellar_tract]. BAMS:asc @@ -237606,24 +237607,24 @@ http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b2/Spinal_cord_tracts_-_English.svg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe/Medulla_spinalis_-_tracts_-_English.svg - + - + - + FMA - + Wikipedia @@ -237736,9 +237737,9 @@ - - - + + + A small muscle on the posterior aspect of the elbow joint. AAO:0010714 @@ -237758,15 +237759,15 @@ anconeus muscle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/77/Gray1232.png - + - + - + @@ -237779,20 +237780,20 @@ - + dbpedia - + lateral epicondyle of the humerus proximally dbpedia - + lateral surface of the olecranon process and the superior part of the posterior ulna distally dbpedia @@ -237924,7 +237925,7 @@ - + SUMX BAMS:smd BAMS:sumx @@ -237947,7 +237948,7 @@ UBERON:0002991 supramammillary commissure - + @@ -237960,7 +237961,7 @@ - + FMA @@ -238043,7 +238044,7 @@ - + One of the median nuclei of the thalamus, situated ventral and medial to the stria medullaris. PT @@ -238071,14 +238072,14 @@ UBERON:0002992 paratenial nucleus - + - + ABA FMA NIF @@ -238253,7 +238254,7 @@ - + @@ -238287,14 +238288,14 @@ UBERON:0002995 substantia nigra pars lateralis - + - + MA @@ -238428,7 +238429,7 @@ - + Predominantly gray matter structure consisting of large multipoloar cells lying aong axons of the brachium of the superior colliculus, lyaing adjaent to the dorsal terminal nucleus of the accessory optic system. In several species, cells of this nucleus receive input from the contralateral retina (Sefton and Dreher in Paxinos, G. The rat nervous system, 1995, pg. 862). @@ -238451,7 +238452,7 @@ UBERON:0002996 nucleus of optic tract - + @@ -238464,7 +238465,7 @@ - + ISBN:0471888893 @@ -238920,7 +238921,7 @@ - + The median raphe nucleus (or superior central nucleus) is composed of polygonal, fusiform and pyriform neurons and exists rostral to the nucleus raphe pontis. One trait of the MRN is its inhibition by lysergic acid diethylamide and psilocin, two serotonin antagonist hallucinogens. The inactivation of the nucleus centralis superior via LSD produces a dose dependent inactivation in the MRN, but not in the raphe pallidus[WP,unvetted]. TODO - The term medial raphe nucleus refers to a composite structure that consists of the superior central nucleus and the inferior central nucleus of the pontine reticular formation ( Carpenter-1983 ) @@ -238950,14 +238951,14 @@ median raphe nucleus - + - + Wikipedia @@ -239043,8 +239044,8 @@ - - + + Part of dorsal longitudinal fasciculus located in the midbrain tegmentum. DLFMB BAMS:dlfmb @@ -239065,11 +239066,11 @@ UBERON:0003005 dorsal longitudinal fasciculus of midbrain - + - + @@ -239082,13 +239083,13 @@ - + FMA - + NIFSTD @@ -239266,7 +239267,7 @@ - + The lateral parabrachial nucleus induces thirst by stimulating the median preoptic nucleus. It gets its name from its location relative to the superior cerebellar peduncles, which is also known as the 'brachia conjunctiva'. [WP,unvetted]. BAMS:LPB BIRNLEX:897 @@ -239285,14 +239286,14 @@ lateral parabrachial nucleus - + - + FMA @@ -239333,8 +239334,8 @@ - - + + Part of dorsal longitudinal fasciculus located within the hypothalamus. classified as tract in FMA DLFH @@ -239349,24 +239350,24 @@ UBERON:0003008 dorsal longitudinal fasciculus of hypothalamus - + - + - + FMA - + NIFSTD @@ -239421,7 +239422,7 @@ - + DTGX BAMS:dtd BAMS:dtgx @@ -239447,7 +239448,7 @@ UBERON:0003009 dorsal tegmental decussation - + @@ -239460,7 +239461,7 @@ - + FMA @@ -239564,7 +239565,7 @@ - + LPL BAMS:lpl BIRNLEX:902 @@ -239584,7 +239585,7 @@ UBERON:0003010 lateral pes lemniscus - + @@ -239597,7 +239598,7 @@ - + FMA @@ -239872,7 +239873,7 @@ - + @@ -239905,14 +239906,14 @@ flocculonodular lobe http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/43/CerebellumDiv.png - + - + Wikipedia @@ -240206,7 +240207,7 @@ - + A predominantly gray matter structure of the basal telencephalon defined on the basis of Nissl stain. Caudal to the anterior commissure it lies deep to the globus pallidus and dorsal to the amygdala. Rostral to the anterior commissure it lies deep to the striatum. The more rostral portion contains the basal forebrain nucleus ( Anthoney-1994 ). In the late twentieth century the region containing the substantia innominata was resegmented on the basis of neurochemistry and connectivity to constitute the striatopallidal system ( Heimer-1995 ). In this scheme the caudal portion of substantia innominata is located largely in the ventral pallidum and the rostral portion in the ventral striatum. (from Brain Info). @@ -240238,14 +240239,14 @@ substantia innominata http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/36/Substantia_innominata_MRI.PNG - + - + ABA @@ -240328,7 +240329,7 @@ - + VPMPC BAMS:Gus BAMS:VPMPC @@ -240362,14 +240363,14 @@ UBERON:0003018 parvocellular part of ventral posteromedial nucleus - + - + NIFSTD @@ -240510,7 +240511,7 @@ - + VPLO BAMS:VIM BAMS:VPLO @@ -240534,14 +240535,14 @@ UBERON:0003019 oral part of ventral posterolateral nucleus - + - + NIFSTD @@ -240740,7 +240741,7 @@ - + The central lobule is a small square lobule, situated in the anterior cerebellar notch. It overlaps the lingula, from which it is separated by the precentral fissure; laterally, it extends along the upper and anterior part of each hemisphere, where it forms a wing-like prolongation, the ala lobuli centralis. [WP,unvetted]. Note in FMA this is classified as a hemispheric lobule, which leads to inconsistencies. In ABA it is vermic, and FMA actually places it in the anterior vermis. @@ -240764,14 +240765,14 @@ central lobule http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e4/Gray703.png - + - + FMA @@ -240991,7 +240992,7 @@ - + VPMPr BAMS:VPMPr BIRNLEX:927 @@ -241006,14 +241007,14 @@ UBERON:0003024 principal part of ventral posteromedial nucleus - + - + NIFSTD @@ -241274,7 +241275,7 @@ - + The cingulate cortex is a part of the brain situated in the medial aspect of the cortex. It is extended from the corpus callosum below to the cingulate sulcus above, at least anteriorly. [WP,unvetted]. BIRNLEX:934 BM:Tel-Cx-Cg @@ -241297,14 +241298,14 @@ cingulate cortex http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dc/Gray727_cingulate_gyrus.png - + - + NIFSTD cjm @@ -241509,7 +241510,7 @@ - + White matter structure in the brain consisting of fibers running along the lateral margin of the ventricular surface of the thalamus. The stria terminalis covers the thalamostriate vein, marking a line of separation between the thalamus and the caudate nucleus as seen upon gross dissection of the ventricles of the brain, viewed from the superior aspect. The stria terminalis extends from the region of the interventricular foramen to the temporal horn of the lateral ventricle, carrying fibers from the amygdala to the septal, hypothalamic, and thalamic areas of the brain. It also carries fibers projecting from these areas back to the amygdala. (Wikipedia:Stria_terminalis). BAMS:STR BAMS:st @@ -241539,14 +241540,14 @@ stria terminalis http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Gray683.png - + - + FMA @@ -241634,12 +241635,12 @@ - + - + PTh BAMS:PTh BIRNLEX:939 @@ -241662,14 +241663,14 @@ posterior nucleus of thalamus - + - + FMA NIFSTD @@ -241937,7 +241938,7 @@ - + CD circular nucleus BAMS:CD @@ -241957,14 +241958,14 @@ UBERON:0003034 central dorsal nucleus of thalamus - + - + FMA NIFSTD @@ -242059,7 +242060,7 @@ - + @@ -242089,14 +242090,14 @@ UBERON:0003036 central lateral nucleus - + - + NIFSTD @@ -242517,7 +242518,7 @@ - + Periaqueductal gray (PAG; also called the 'central gray') is the gray matter located around the cerebral aqueduct within the midbrain. It plays a role in the descending modulation of pain and in defensive behaviour. The ascending pain and temperature fibers of the spinothalamic tract also send information to the PAG via the spinomesencephalic tract. The spinomesencephalic tract is so-named because the fibers originate in the spine and terminate in the mesencephalon, another name for the midbrain, the part of the brain in which the PAG resides. [WP,unvetted]. @@ -242587,14 +242588,14 @@ central gray substance of midbrain http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/da/Cn3nucleus.png - + - + NIFSTD @@ -243121,7 +243122,7 @@ - + @@ -243160,7 +243161,7 @@ uncinate fasciculus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d1/Gray751.png - + @@ -243173,7 +243174,7 @@ - + NIFSTD @@ -243629,7 +243630,7 @@ - + @@ -243664,7 +243665,7 @@ Olfactory placodes are the only ectodermal placodes to produce glia, a cell type typically derived from neural crest // Note that NBK53171 classifies this as non-neurogenic olfactory placode - + @@ -243678,7 +243679,7 @@ - + EHDAA2 @@ -243892,7 +243893,7 @@ - + @@ -243905,7 +243906,7 @@ - + The part of the brain that is the morphological boundary between the midbrain and hindbrain and that is the location of an organizing center which patterns the midbrain and hindbrain primordia of the neural plate. consider adding class for organizer. Consider adding separate class for isthmus as a structure Lampreys also have an MHB [midbrain hindbrain boundary], expressing a similar repertoire of regulatory gene cognates as in gnathostomes.[well established][VHOG] @@ -243935,11 +243936,11 @@ midbrain-hindbrain boundary - + - + @@ -243953,13 +243954,13 @@ - + ZFA - + ZFA @@ -244004,8 +244005,8 @@ - - + + Proliferative region that is part of the ventricular system. Proliferative zone in the region of the neural tube adjacent to the lumen. There are two primary regions that are thought to give rise to neurons that make up the cerebellum. The first region is the ventricular zone (the roof of the fourth ventricle). This area produces Purkinje cells and deep cerebellar nuclear neurons[BTO:0003654]. @@ -244031,24 +244032,24 @@ ventricular zone - + - + - + MA - + ZFA @@ -244403,7 +244404,7 @@ - + The hypochord is a transient rod-like structure in the embryos of fish, lampreys and amphibians that is located immediately ventral to the notochord. The hypochord may play a role in positioning the dorsal aorta[GO]. A transient rod-like structure which is endodermally derived and located immediately ventral to the notochord. The hypochord is thought to play a role in positioning the dorsal aorta. Eriksson and Lofberg, 2000.[TAO] Unsegmented ventral structure in the caudal region of anuran larvae; near metamorphosis the hypochord fuses to the coccyx, thereby forming the urostyle.[AAO] @@ -244423,14 +244424,14 @@ Unlike in frogs and axolotl, the hypochord does not appear to be endodermally derived[ZFA]. near metamorphosis the hypochord fuses to the coccyx, thereby forming the urostyle[AAO] hypochord - + - + Bgee:AN @@ -244497,7 +244498,7 @@ - + @@ -244514,7 +244515,7 @@ - + Unsegmented field of paraxial mesoderm present posterior to the most recently formed somite pair, from which somites will form. Unsegmented field of paraxial mesoderm present posterior to the most recently formed somite pair, from which somites will form. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] It is reasonable to assume that the proximate invertebrate ancestor of the vertebrates had an amphioxus-like tail bud in its larval stage. This archetypal tail bud would have (...) (3) lacked any component of mesenchyme cells, (4) budded off new mesodermal segments directly, without any intervening zone of presomitic mesoderm (...). Then, early in vertebrate evolution, epithelium-to-mesenchyme interconversions (and the gene networks for effecting them) became prominent features of development. (...) In any case, conspicuous mesenchymal components tended to be added to the vertebrate tail bud itself. In addition, a mesenchymatous presomitic mesoderm (not a part of the tail bud proper) came to intervene between the tail bud and the forming somites.[well established][VHOG] @@ -244539,14 +244540,14 @@ presomitic mesoderm - + - + Bgee:AN @@ -244606,8 +244607,8 @@ - - + + In mammals, the pronephric duct is the predecessor of the Wolffian duct[WP]. Duct of the embryonic kidney, present bilaterally ventral to the somites and leading to the anal region where it empties separately from, and just posterior to the anus. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] The first-formed kidney duct, which drains the kidney of most anamniotes and becomes the ductus deferens of male amniotes. [Bemis_WE, Functional_Anatomy_of_the_Vertebrates:_An_Evolutionary_Perspective, Glossary_G-3, Grande_L, Liem_KF, Third_Edition_(2001)_Orlando_Fla.:_Harcourt_College_Publishers, Walker_WF][VHOG] @@ -244630,11 +244631,11 @@ The pronephric duct collects the filtrate from the pronephric tubules and opens to the exterior of the pronephric kidney[GOC:mtg_kidney_jan10, PMID:15647339, XAO:0000063, ZFA:0000150] pronephric duct - + - + @@ -244647,13 +244648,13 @@ - + Wikipedia - + XAO @@ -244843,8 +244844,8 @@ - - + + @@ -244857,7 +244858,7 @@ - + Organizer for gastrulation in vertebrates. The primitive knot starts as a regional knot of cells that forms on the blastodisc immediately anterior to where the outer layer of cells will begin to migrate inwards - an area known as the primitive streak. Posterior to the node is the primitive pit, where the cells of the epiblast (the upper layer of embryonic cells) initially begin to invaginate. This invagination expands posteriorly into the primitive groove as the cells layers continue to move into the space between the embryonic cells and the yolk. This differentiates the embryo into the germ layers - endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm. The primitive knot migrates posteriorly as gastrulation proceeds, eventually being absorbed into the tail bud.[WP]. the regional thickening of cells at the rostral tip of the vertebrate primitive streak through which gastrulating cells migrate anteriorally to form tissues in the future head and neck; this region organizes the formation of the three embryonic layers and establishes the longitudinal axis and the polarity of the embryo[MP]. This class groups together possibly disparate structures, following homology class in vHOG; early development terms need review A signaling center that directs the development of the whole embryo or of part of the embryo.[AAO] @@ -244903,15 +244904,15 @@ primitive knot - + - + - + @@ -244924,19 +244925,19 @@ - + ZFA - + EHDAA - + Bgee:AN @@ -245083,8 +245084,8 @@ - - + + A horseshoe-shaped thickening of the endoderm at the cranial (rostral) end of the primitive streak formed by the involution of Spemann's organizer cells which, together with the notochord, induces the formation of the neural plate from the overlying ectodermal cells and contributes mesodermal type cells to the surrounding tissue. TODO - check; developmental relationship to anterior hypoblast in ZFA? Axial hypoblast located anterior to the chorda mesoderm; the polster is its most anterior region. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] @@ -245109,24 +245110,24 @@ prechordal plate - + - + - + ZFA - + PMID:16313393 @@ -245183,9 +245184,9 @@ - - - + + + @@ -245227,34 +245228,34 @@ intermediate mesoderm http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/Gray19_with_color.png - + - + - + - + AAO - + EMAPA - + XAO @@ -245886,7 +245887,7 @@ - + @@ -245924,7 +245925,7 @@ eye primordium - + @@ -245937,7 +245938,7 @@ - + PMID:16496288 XAO @@ -245993,8 +245994,8 @@ - - + + @@ -246023,24 +246024,24 @@ optic cup - + - + - + ZFA - + ZFA @@ -246106,7 +246107,7 @@ - + @@ -246147,7 +246148,7 @@ lens placode http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2f/Gray864.png - + @@ -246160,7 +246161,7 @@ - + ZFA @@ -246229,7 +246230,7 @@ - + Paired organ that connects the primitive kidney Wolffian body (or mesonephros) to the cloaca and serves as the anlage for certain male reproductive organs. the Wolffian duct is what remains of the pronephric duct after the atrophy of the pronephros[WP]. In Zebrafish: Duct of the adult kidney (mesonephros), present bilaterally ventral to the somites and leading to the cloacal chamber[ZFA]. Consider adding subclasses for male and female specific variants TODO - mesonephric portion of the nephric duct @@ -246263,7 +246264,7 @@ mesonephric duct http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6d/Gray1109.png - + @@ -246276,7 +246277,7 @@ - + EHDAA2 @@ -246366,9 +246367,9 @@ - - - + + + A region of embryonic ectodermal cells that lie directly above the notochord. During neurulation, they change shape and produce an infolding of the neural plate (the neural fold) that then seals to form the neural tube[XAO]. The earliest recognizable dorsal ectodermal primordium of the central nervous system present near the end of gastrulation before infolding to form the neural keel; consists of a thickened pseudostratified epithelium[ZFA]. The earliest recognizable dorsal ectodermal primordium of the central nervous system present near the end of gastrulation before infolding to form the neural keel; consists of a thickened pseudostratified epithelium. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] @@ -246401,34 +246402,34 @@ neural plate https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8f/Neural_Crest.png - + - + - + - + GOTAX:0000352 - + Wikipedia - + Bgee:AN @@ -246547,7 +246548,7 @@ - + The paraxial mesoderm is the mesoderm located bilaterally adjacent to the notochord and neural tube[GO]. Mesoderm lateral to the neural tube and notochord that is divided into cranial and post-cranial portions. The trunk portions further segment into somites.[AAO] Presently, Cephalochordata, Urochordata, and Vertebrata are placed as subphyla of the phylum Chordata, in which the overall organization of embryonic tissues (dorsal hollow nerve cord, ventral digestive tract, axial notochord, and bilateral paraxial mesoderm) is largely conserved. In contrast, the echinoderms and hemichordates are sister groups of the chordates and they lack the notochord and paraxial mesoderm. Thus, the basic mesodermal organization of vertebrates must have appeared first in the common ancestor of the chordates.[well established][VHOG] @@ -246576,7 +246577,7 @@ paraxial mesoderm http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/Gray19_with_color.png - + @@ -246589,7 +246590,7 @@ - + Bgee:AN @@ -246658,8 +246659,8 @@ - - + + @@ -246685,11 +246686,11 @@ epibranchial placode - + - + @@ -246703,13 +246704,13 @@ - + ZFA - + EHDAA2-abduced @@ -246784,7 +246785,7 @@ - + @@ -246828,14 +246829,14 @@ floor plate http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/89/Gray642.png - + - + Wikipedia @@ -246931,7 +246932,7 @@ - + @@ -246975,7 +246976,7 @@ lateral plate mesoderm http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/Gray19_with_color.png - + @@ -246988,7 +246989,7 @@ - + EHDAA2 VHOG @@ -247072,7 +247073,7 @@ - + @@ -247115,7 +247116,7 @@ myotome http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/96/Gray65.png - + @@ -247128,7 +247129,7 @@ - + EHDAA2-abduced @@ -247191,7 +247192,7 @@ - + Trunk portion of the neural crest. The trunk neural crest lies between the vagal and sacral neural crest and gives rise to two groups of cells. One group migrates dorsolateral and populates the skin, forming pigment cells and the other migrates ventrolateral through the anterior sclerotome to become the epinephrine-producing cells of the adrenal gland and the neurons of the sympathetic nervous system. Some cells remain in the sclerotome to form the dorsal root ganglia [Wikipedia]. Post-cranial portion of the neural crest. Exact anatomical derivations not experimentally resolved in amphibians.[AAO] We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (1) the neural crest (...).[well established][VHOG] @@ -247211,14 +247212,14 @@ trunk neural crest - + - + ZFA @@ -247261,15 +247262,15 @@ - - + + - + Bilateral groups of cells consisting of three rows: one row of endocardial precursors medially and two rows of myocardical precursors laterally. The two populations fuse at the midline to form the heart rudiment or cone. should probably be merged with heart rudiment. Bilateral groups of cells consisting of three rows: one row of endocardial precursors medially and two rows of myocardical precursors laterally. The two populations fuse at the midline between 21 and 26 somites to form the heart rudiment or cone. Stainier 2001.[TAO] @@ -247289,15 +247290,15 @@ heart primordium - + - + - + @@ -247310,19 +247311,19 @@ - + ZFA - + ZFA - + XAO @@ -247671,8 +247672,8 @@ - - + + Ventral somitic compartment that is a precursor of the axial skeleton[XAO]. Sclerotomes eventually differentiate into the vertebrae and most of the skull. The caudal (posterior) half of one sclerotome fuses with the rostral (anterior) half of the adjacent one to form each vertebra. From their initial location within the somite, the sclerotome cells migrate medially towards the notochord. These cells meet the sclerotome cells from the other side to form the vertebral body. From this vertebral body, sclerotome cells move dorsally and surround the developing spinal cord, forming the vertebral arch[WP]. Skeletogenic portion of somites.[AAO] The vertebrate sclerotome has no equivalent in amphioxus and is a novelty linked with the evolution of the axial skeleton.[well established][VHOG] @@ -247700,11 +247701,11 @@ sclerotome http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/96/Gray65.png - + - + @@ -247723,13 +247724,13 @@ - + VHOG:0000680 - + ZFA @@ -247800,7 +247801,7 @@ - + The lateral line that is located above the eye. One of eight distinct lateral lines in the 4-day larva. A sensory system on the surface of the fish, consisting of small sensory patches (neuromasts) distributed in discrete lines over the body surface. The lateral line system is stimulated by local water displacements and vibrations, and detects propulsion of the fish through the water, as well as facilitating shoaling, prey capture, and predator and obstacle avoidance. (See Anatomical Atlas entry for lateral line by T. Whitfield.)[TAO] The lateral line that is located above the eye. [Butler_AB_and_Hodos_W, Comparative_vertebrate_neuroanatomy:_Evolution_and_Adaptation_(1996)_New_York:_Wiley-Liss_Inc., p.27][VHOG] @@ -247817,14 +247818,14 @@ supraorbital lateral line - + - + TAO @@ -247884,9 +247885,9 @@ - - - + + + The initial thyroid precursor, the thyroid primordium, starts as a simple midline thickening and develops to form the thyroid diverticulum. This structure is initially hollow, although it later solidifies and becomes bilobed. The 2 lobes are located on either side of the midline and are connected via an isthmus. Portion of tissue part of the pharyngeal endoderm that is fated to become thyroid follicle[ZFIN:curator]. In all vertebrates the thyroid arises from the ventral aspect of the second pouch @@ -247907,15 +247908,15 @@ thyroid primordium - + - + - + @@ -247928,19 +247929,19 @@ - + ZFA - + VHOG - + ISBN:0073040584 PMID:16313389 @@ -247990,9 +247991,9 @@ - - - + + + An outpocketing of one of the caudal pharyngeal pouches that is comprised on calcitonin-producing parafollicular cells. TODO - ensure developmental relationships correct across species. WP says pouch 4, but this isn't supported by Kardong (table 13.1 or fig 15.5). MP says 'fifth pouch in human or as the ventral component of the fourth pouch in mouse'. EHDAA2 says 6th arch mesenchyme http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16313389 says: the most posterior pouch generates the ultimobranchial bodies in most vertebrate classes, but mammals do not contain this structure Anatomical structure which includes small, calcitonin producing glands originating as epithelial growths from the sixth pharyngeal pouch.[AAO] @@ -248029,15 +248030,15 @@ ultimobranchial body - + - + - + @@ -248050,19 +248051,19 @@ - + Wikipedia - + Wikipedia - + ISBN:0073040584 @@ -248171,7 +248172,7 @@ - + One of eight distinct lateral lines in the 4-day larva. A sensory system on the surface of the fish, consisting of small sensory patches (neuromasts) distributed in discrete lines over the body surface. The lateral line system is stimulated by local water displacements and vibrations, and detects propulsion of the fish through the water, as well as facilitating shoaling, prey capture, and predator and obstacle avoidance. (See Anatomical Atlas entry for lateral line by T. Whitfield.)[TAO] The mechanosensory lateral line system is widely distributed in aquatic anamniotes. It was apparently present in the earliest vertebrates, as it has been identified in agnathans, cartilaginous fishes, bony fishes, lungfishes, the crossopterygian Latimeria, and aquatic amphibians.[well established][VHOG] AAO:0011075 @@ -248185,14 +248186,14 @@ occipital lateral line - + - + TAO @@ -248221,7 +248222,7 @@ - + The lateral line that is located below the eye. One of eight distinct lateral lines in the 4-day larva. A sensory system on the surface of the fish, consisting of small sensory patches (neuromasts) distributed in discrete lines over the body surface. The lateral line system is stimulated by local water displacements and vibrations, and detects propulsion of the fish through the water, as well as facilitating shoaling, prey capture, and predator and obstacle avoidance. (See Anatomical Atlas entry for lateral line by T. Whitfield.)[TAO] The lateral line that is located below the eye. [Butler_AB_and_Hodos_W, Comparative_vertebrate_neuroanatomy:_Evolution_and_Adaptation_(1996)_New_York:_Wiley-Liss_Inc., p.27][VHOG] @@ -248237,14 +248238,14 @@ infraorbital lateral line - + - + TAO @@ -248357,7 +248358,7 @@ - + One of eight distinct lateral lines in the 4-day larva. A sensory system on the surface of the fish, consisting of small sensory patches (neuromasts) distributed in discrete lines over the body surface. The lateral line system is stimulated by local water displacements and vibrations, and detects propulsion of the fish through the water, as well as facilitating shoaling, prey capture, and predator and obstacle avoidance. (See Anatomical Atlas entry for lateral line by T. Whitfield.)[TAO] relationship loss: develops_from middle lateral line primordium (TAO:0005118)[TAO] relationship loss: part_of middle lateral line system (TAO:0005114)[TAO] @@ -248372,14 +248373,14 @@ middle lateral line - + - + TAO @@ -249006,8 +249007,8 @@ - - + + Embryonic tissue derived from the mesodermal germ layer that contains the dorsal aorta, genital ridges and mesonephros. This region is the first autonomous embryonic site for definitive haematopoiesis. Region located near the pronephros and pronephric ducts that is a site of hematopoiesis in the embryo.[AAO] Region where blood progenitor markers are expressed. Probable site of definitive hematopoiesis between 36hpf and 4dpf.[TAO] @@ -249023,24 +249024,24 @@ dorsal lateral plate region - + - + - + XAO - + XAO @@ -249210,7 +249211,7 @@ - + @@ -249245,7 +249246,7 @@ Meckel's cartilage - + @@ -249258,7 +249259,7 @@ - + EHDAA2 @@ -249327,7 +249328,7 @@ - + (1) the arrangement of bones which supports the jaw from the braincase; (2) in teleost fish, a large, usually triangular, bone which supports the jaw. The teleost suspensorium is formed by fusion of various elements which vary among different taxa. requires review, possible split; TAO/ZFA structure is splanchoncranium (but includes some dermal bones as parts). Note AAO also includes 'palatoquadrate and suspensorium' as a class @@ -249342,14 +249343,14 @@ UBERON:0003108 suspensorium - + - + ZFA @@ -250998,8 +250999,8 @@ - - + + @@ -251047,24 +251048,24 @@ chorion membrane http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/51/Gray24.png - + - + - + Hymans - + ISBN:0073040584 @@ -251262,7 +251263,7 @@ - + @@ -251314,14 +251315,14 @@ https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/trachea-female/v1.1/assets/3d-vh-f-trachea.glb https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/trachea-male/v1.1/assets/3d-vh-m-trachea.glb - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -253217,7 +253218,7 @@ - + A follicle of the insect ovary. It is formed by germ cells (one oocyte and several nurse cells) encapsulated in follicle cells (Armstrong et al., 2020). FBbt:00004894 NCIT:C61362 @@ -253228,14 +253229,14 @@ UBERON:0003199 egg chamber - + - + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/476 @@ -253827,7 +253828,7 @@ - + Anterior portion of the palate consisting of bone and mucous membranes [GO]. The hard palate is formed from bony processes of the maxilla, premaxilla and palatine bone [Kardong]. in FMA this is divided into bony parts and submucosa EMAPA:18952 @@ -253850,7 +253851,7 @@ hard palate https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f6/Illu_mouth.jpg - + @@ -253863,7 +253864,7 @@ - + check this EMAPA @@ -253908,7 +253909,7 @@ - + The posterior pituitary (or neurohypophysis) comprises the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland and is part of the endocrine system. Despite its name, the posterior pituitary gland is not a gland, per se; rather, it is largely a collection of axonal projections from the hypothalamus that terminate behind the anterior pituitary gland. [WP,unvetted]. TODO - compare with UBERON:0002198 It (the hypophysis) develops embryonically in all vertebrates from two ectodermal evaginations that meet and unite. An infundibulum grows ventrally from the diencephalon of the brain, and Rathke's pouch extends dorsally from the roof of the developing mouth, or stomodaeum. The infundibulum remains connected to the floor of the diencephalon, which becomes the hypothalamus, and gives rise to the part of the gland known as the neurohypophysis. (...) Rathke's pouch loses its connection with the stomodaeum in most adult vertebrates and gives rise to the rest of the gland, the adenohypophysis. (...) A well-developed hypophyseal system with functional connections to the hypothalamus is unique to craniates.[well established][VHOG] @@ -253956,14 +253957,14 @@ neural lobe of neurohypophysis http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b9/Pituitary_gland_representation.PNG - + - + MP-def @@ -254217,7 +254218,7 @@ - + @@ -254245,14 +254246,14 @@ Genes: The positional specification of the metanephrogenic mesenchyme is negatively regulated by Foxc1 and Foxc2. Next the permanent kidney forming metanephrogenic mesenchyme is specified by Hox11 genes. The competence to respond to ureteric bud inducers is regulated by WT1. GDNF secretion restricted to posterior region by Robo2 and Sprouty1. The receptors for GDNF are synthesized in the nephric ducts and later in ureteric buds [ISBN:9780878932504 "Developmental Biology"] metanephric mesenchyme - + - + ISBN:9780878932504 @@ -254411,10 +254412,10 @@ - - - - + + + + An extrinsic flexor muscle of the fingers at the proximal interphalangeal joints.[WP]. EMAPA:36202 @@ -254428,19 +254429,19 @@ flexor digitorum superficialis http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/53/Gray421.png - + - + - + - + @@ -254453,27 +254454,27 @@ - + dbpedia - + medial epicondyle of the humerus as well as parts of the radius and ulna. dbpedia - + anterior margins on the bases of the middle phalanges of the four fingers dbpedia - + dbpedia @@ -254515,14 +254516,14 @@ - - + + - - + + An extraembryonic structure that develops_from a syncytiotrophoblast and is part of a chorion. TODO - check EHDAA2:0001973 @@ -254531,24 +254532,24 @@ UBERON:0003224 chorion syncytiotrophoblast - + - + - + EHDAA2 - + polar trophectoderm syncytiotrophoblast EHDAA2 @@ -254595,11 +254596,11 @@ - - - - - + + + + + A muscle which originates on the distal humerus, inserts on the radius and accomplishes supination (rotation of the wrist). TODO - The term 'supinator' can also refer more generally to a muscle that causes supination of a part of the body. In older texts, the term 'supinator longus' was used to refer to the brachioradialis, and 'supinator brevis' was used to the muscle now known as the supinator. @@ -254617,23 +254618,23 @@ supinator muscle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c6/Gray420.png - + - + - + - + - + @@ -254646,34 +254647,34 @@ - + deep branch of radial nerve dbpedia - + Lateral epicondyle of humerus supinator crest of ulna radial collateral ligament annular ligament dbpedia - + Lateral epicondyle of humerus supinator crest of ulna radial collateral ligament annular ligament dbpedia - + palaeos - + dbpedia @@ -254720,7 +254721,7 @@ - + An epithelium that is part of a elbow [Automatically generated definition]. EHDAA2:0000430 EHDAA:4168 @@ -254738,14 +254739,14 @@ UBERON:0003229 epithelium of elbow - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -254821,7 +254822,7 @@ - + An epithelium that is part of a wrist [Automatically generated definition]. EHDAA2:0000219 EHDAA:5198 @@ -254836,7 +254837,7 @@ UBERON:0003230 epithelium of carpal region - + @@ -254849,7 +254850,7 @@ - + EHDAA2 @@ -254924,7 +254925,7 @@ - + An epithelium that is part of a hip [Automatically generated definition]. EHDAA2:0000784 EHDAA:5155 @@ -254946,14 +254947,14 @@ UBERON:0003231 epithelium of hip - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -255052,7 +255053,7 @@ - + An epithelium that is part of a knee [Automatically generated definition]. EHDAA2:0000896 EHDAA:5161 @@ -255066,14 +255067,14 @@ UBERON:0003232 epithelium of knee - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -255124,7 +255125,7 @@ - + An epithelium that is part of a shoulder [Automatically generated definition]. EHDAA2:0001835 EHDAA:4182 @@ -255138,14 +255139,14 @@ UBERON:0003233 epithelium of shoulder - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -255179,11 +255180,11 @@ - - - - - + + + + + The Extensor pollicis longus is much larger than the Extensor pollicis brevis muscle, the origin of which it partly covers. EMAPA:36196 @@ -255199,23 +255200,23 @@ extensor pollicis longus muscle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3e/Extensor_pollicis_longus_muscle.png - + - + - + - + - + @@ -255228,31 +255229,31 @@ - + dbpedia - + dbpedia - + dbpedia - + dbpedia - + dbpedia @@ -255698,10 +255699,10 @@ - - - - + + + + An epithelium that is part of a utricle of membranous labyrinth [Automatically generated definition]. TODO - check relationships w.r.t macula EHDAA:4730 @@ -255730,19 +255731,19 @@ UBERON:0003241 epithelium of utricle - + - + - + - + @@ -255755,25 +255756,25 @@ - + FMA - + FMA - + FMA - + FMA @@ -255902,9 +255903,9 @@ - - - + + + An epithelium that is part of a saccule of membranous labyrinth [Automatically generated definition]. TODO - check relationships w.r.t macula EHDAA:4724 @@ -255933,34 +255934,34 @@ UBERON:0003242 epithelium of saccule - + - + - + - + FMA - + FMA - + FMA @@ -256205,7 +256206,7 @@ - + @@ -256233,14 +256234,14 @@ epithelium of mammary gland - + - + EHDAA2 Wikipathways:WP2062 @@ -256391,7 +256392,7 @@ - + An epithelium that is part of a lower arm [Automatically generated definition]. EHDAA2:0000554 EHDAA:4174 @@ -256403,14 +256404,14 @@ UBERON:0003247 epithelium of forearm - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -256445,7 +256446,7 @@ - + An epithelium that is part of a footplate. EHDAA2:0000548 EHDAA:5145 @@ -256457,7 +256458,7 @@ UBERON:0003248 epithelium of footplate - + @@ -256470,7 +256471,7 @@ - + EHDAA2 @@ -256576,7 +256577,7 @@ - + A muscle that arises from the upper surface of the transverse process of the atlas and inserts into the under surface of the jugular process of the occipital bone. Lateral flexion @@ -256595,7 +256596,7 @@ rectus capitis lateralis muscle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b7/Rectus_capitis_lateralis_muscle.PNG - + @@ -256608,7 +256609,7 @@ - + jugular process Wikipedia @@ -256791,7 +256792,7 @@ - + The neck of the rib is the flattened portion which extends lateralward from the head; it is about 2.5 cm. long, and is placed in front of the transverse process of the lower of the two vertebrC& with which the head articulates. Its anterior surface is flat and smooth, its posterior rough for the attachment of the ligament of the neck, and perforated by numerous foramina. Of its two borders the superior presents a rough crest (crista colli costE) for the attachment of the anterior costotransverse ligament; its inferior border is rounded. On the posterior surface at the junction of the neck and body, and nearer the lower than the upper border, is an eminencebthe tubercle; it consists of an articular and a non-articular portion. The articular portion, the lower and more medial of the two, presents a small, oval surface for articulation with the end of the transverse process of the lower of the two vertebrC& to which the head is connected. The non-articular portion is a rough elevation, and affords attachment to the ligament of the tubercle. The tubercle is much more prominent in the upper than in the lower ribs. EMAPA:37826 FMA:7576 @@ -256805,14 +256806,14 @@ neck of rib http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5c/Gray122.png - + - + PMID:15906248 @@ -256857,7 +256858,7 @@ - + we make the germ layer relationship develops_from, as currently the germ layers are declared to be purely embryonic. TODO - check. WP:Amnion - In the human embryo the earliest stages of the formation of the amnion have not been observed; in the youngest embryo which has been studied the amnion was already present as a closed sac, and appears in the inner cell-mass as a cavity. This cavity is roofed in by a single stratum of flattened, ectodermal cells, the amniotic ectoderm, and its floor consists of the prismatic ectoderm of the embryonic disk-the continuity between the roof and floor being established at the margin of the embryonic disk. Outside the amniotic ectoderm is a thin layer of mesoderm, which is continuous with that of the somatopleure and is connected by the body-stalk with the mesodermal lining of the chorion. UBERON:0008359 @@ -256874,7 +256875,7 @@ amniotic ectoderm - + @@ -256893,7 +256894,7 @@ - + EHDAA2 @@ -257197,7 +257198,7 @@ - + An endoderm that is part of a thyroid primordium. UBERON:0005235 EHDAA:956 @@ -257209,14 +257210,14 @@ UBERON:0003261 thyroid primordium endoderm - + - + ZFA-propagated @@ -257377,7 +257378,7 @@ - + A mesenchyme that is part of a chorion. TODO - check UBERON:0003423 @@ -257396,7 +257397,7 @@ UBERON:0003265 chorionic mesenchyme - + @@ -257415,7 +257416,7 @@ - + ISBN:0073040584 @@ -258071,8 +258072,8 @@ - - + + @@ -258103,24 +258104,24 @@ skeleton of lower jaw - + - + - + EHDAA2 - + VHOG-modified @@ -258332,12 +258333,12 @@ - + - + @@ -258364,7 +258365,7 @@ mesentery of stomach - + @@ -258377,7 +258378,7 @@ - + MA @@ -259081,7 +259082,7 @@ - + A meninx that is part of a hindbrain [Automatically generated definition]. consider changing genus to subdivision of meninx Meninges that are part of the hindbrain. [Bgee_curator][VHOG] @@ -259099,14 +259100,14 @@ UBERON:0003291 meninx of hindbrain - + - + definitional @@ -259334,13 +259335,13 @@ - + - + Racemose mucous glands beneath the mucous membrane of the pharynx. BTO:0004849 EHDAA2:0001461 @@ -259353,14 +259354,14 @@ pharyngeal gland - + - + BTO @@ -260247,7 +260248,7 @@ - + A blood island that is part of a mesoderm. in EHDAA2, gives rise to blood and dorsal aorta UBERON:0003305 @@ -260259,7 +260260,7 @@ UBERON:0003304 mesoderm blood island - + @@ -260272,7 +260273,7 @@ - + EHDAA2 @@ -261205,7 +261206,7 @@ - + Mesenchyme that is part of a developing camera-type eye. TODO - change mesenchyme relationships to precursor_of EHDAA2:0000485 @@ -261217,14 +261218,14 @@ UBERON:0003314 eye mesenchyme - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -261783,7 +261784,7 @@ - + Mesenchyme that is part of a developing upper jaw [Automatically generated definition]. EHDAA2:0002124 EHDAA:8031 @@ -261796,14 +261797,14 @@ UBERON:0003323 mesenchyme of upper jaw - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -261854,7 +261855,7 @@ - + Mesenchyme that is part of a developing lower jaw [Automatically generated definition]. EHDAA2:0001024 EHDAA:8003 @@ -261867,14 +261868,14 @@ UBERON:0003324 mesenchyme of lower jaw - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -262192,7 +262193,7 @@ - + Mesenchyme that is part of a footplate. We group two EMAPA classes here but these may need to be separated UBERON:0005260 @@ -262207,14 +262208,14 @@ UBERON:0003328 mesenchyme of footplate - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -263794,15 +263795,15 @@ - + - - + + An epithelium that is part of a pharynx [Automatically generated definition]. Epithelium lining the pharynx consisting largely of simple columnar epithelium with a short segment (1mm) of stratified squamous epithelium on the ventral side. Chen et al, 2007.[TAO] BSA:0000112 @@ -263822,24 +263823,24 @@ pharyngeal epithelium - + - + - + ZFA - + ZFA @@ -263891,12 +263892,12 @@ - + - + An epithelium that is part of a midgut. BTO:0005053 EHDAA2:0001195 @@ -263909,14 +263910,14 @@ UBERON:0003352 epithelium of midgut - + - + BTO @@ -264979,7 +264980,7 @@ - + An epithelium that is part of a vomeronasal organ [Automatically generated definition]. TODO - add cell types EHDAA2:0004102 @@ -264999,7 +265000,7 @@ UBERON:0003367 epithelium of vomeronasal organ - + @@ -265012,7 +265013,7 @@ - + EHDAA2 @@ -265147,7 +265148,7 @@ - + Found in the right atrium of the heart, the fossa ovalis is an embryonic remnant of the foramen ovale, which normally closes shortly after birth. In a heart specimen of a neonate, the fossa ovalis is translucent, but later in life the membrane thickens. FMA:9246 SCTID:277719009 @@ -265158,14 +265159,14 @@ UBERON:0003369 fossa ovalis of heart - + - + Wikipedia @@ -265206,7 +265207,7 @@ - + @@ -265219,7 +265220,7 @@ - + An unilaminar epithelium that surrounds a pelvic appendage bud. UBERON:0005232 EHDAA2:0001034 @@ -265235,24 +265236,24 @@ UBERON:0003371 pelvic appendage bud ectoderm - + - + - + EHDAA2 - + EHDAA2 @@ -265320,7 +265321,7 @@ - + @@ -265333,7 +265334,7 @@ - + An unilaminar epithelium that surrounds a pectoral appendage bud. UBERON:0005231 UBERON:0005663 @@ -265350,24 +265351,24 @@ UBERON:0003372 pectoral appendage bud ectoderm - + - + - + EHDAA2 - + EHDAA2 @@ -265467,7 +265468,7 @@ - + @@ -265478,7 +265479,7 @@ - + An extraembryonic structure that develops_from a ectoderm and is part of a chorion. BTO:0005145 EMAPA:16113 @@ -265489,14 +265490,14 @@ UBERON:0003374 chorionic ectoderm - + - + ISBN:0073040584 @@ -266925,7 +266926,7 @@ - + A lobar bronchus that is part of a right lung [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:17664 MA:0003134 @@ -266940,14 +266941,14 @@ https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/lung-female/v1.4/assets/3d-vh-f-lung.glb https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/lung-male/v1.4/assets/3d-vh-m-lung.glb - + - + true https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Inferring-part-of-relationships @@ -266999,7 +267000,7 @@ - + A lobar bronchus that is part of a left lung [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:17388 EMAPA:17656 @@ -267015,14 +267016,14 @@ https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/lung-female/v1.4/assets/3d-vh-f-lung.glb https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/lung-male/v1.4/assets/3d-vh-m-lung.glb - + - + true https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Inferring-part-of-relationships @@ -268064,14 +268065,14 @@ - + - - + + Mesenchyme that is part of a developing vomeronasal organ [Automatically generated definition]. EHDAA2:0004103 EMAPA:18445 @@ -268083,24 +268084,24 @@ UBERON:0003421 mesenchyme of vomeronasal organ - + - + - + EHDAA2 - + EHDAA2 @@ -268159,7 +268160,7 @@ - + A gelatinous substance within the umbilical cord, largely made up of mucopolysaccharides (hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfate). It also contains some fibroblasts and macrophages. It is derived from Extra Embryonic Mesoderm[WP]. TODO - check @@ -268174,14 +268175,14 @@ mesenchyme of umbilical cord - + - + Wikipedia @@ -270724,7 +270725,7 @@ - + Nodular lymphoid structures on the serosal surface of the small intestine. add subtypes for jejunum, ileum @@ -270743,14 +270744,14 @@ UBERON:0003454 small intestine Peyer's patch - + - + ncithesaurus @@ -271427,13 +271428,13 @@ - + - + A bone that is part of a facial skeleton [Automatically generated definition]. test whether 'facial bone' is an exact synonym EMAPA:19019 @@ -271454,14 +271455,14 @@ facial bone - + - + MA @@ -271936,14 +271937,14 @@ - + - + The ureteral branches of renal artery are small branches which supply the ureter. ureteric artery @@ -271957,24 +271958,24 @@ ureteric segment of renal artery - + - + - + FMA - + FMA @@ -272058,7 +272059,7 @@ - + The superior labial artery (superior labial branch of facial artery) is larger and more tortuous than the inferior labial artery. It follows a similar course along the edge of the upper lip, lying between the mucous membrane and the Orbicularis oris, and anastomoses with the artery of the opposite side. It supplies the upper lip, and gives off in its course two or three vessels which ascend to the nose; a septal branch ramifies on the nasal septum as far as the point of the nose, and an alar branch supplies the ala of the nose. EMAPA:37430 @@ -272075,14 +272076,14 @@ artery of upper lip - + - + FMA @@ -272148,7 +272149,7 @@ - + The inferior labial artery (inferior labial branch of facial artery) arises near the angle of the mouth; it passes upward and forward beneath the Triangularis and, penetrating the Orbicularis oris, runs in a tortuous course along the edge of the lower lip between this muscle and the mucous membrane. It supplies the labial glands, the mucous membrane, and the muscles of the lower lip; and anastomoses with the artery of the opposite side, and with the mental branch of the inferior alveolar artery. EMAPA:37429 @@ -272166,14 +272167,14 @@ artery of lower lip - + - + FMA @@ -273314,7 +273315,7 @@ - + An endothelium of capillary that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:37575 MA:0001808 @@ -273345,14 +273346,14 @@ UBERON:0003489 respiratory system capillary endothelium - + - + true https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Inferring-part-of-relationships @@ -273645,7 +273646,7 @@ - + A reticular lamina that is part of a bronchus [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:37811 MA:0001834 @@ -273670,14 +273671,14 @@ UBERON:0003492 bronchus reticular lamina - + - + true https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Inferring-part-of-relationships @@ -273814,7 +273815,7 @@ - + A reticular lamina that is part of a trachea [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:37554 MA:0001856 @@ -273831,14 +273832,14 @@ UBERON:0003493 trachea reticular lamina - + - + true https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Inferring-part-of-relationships @@ -273986,7 +273987,7 @@ - + An arteriole that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:37568 MA:0001803 @@ -273994,14 +273995,14 @@ UBERON:0003495 respiratory system arteriole - + - + true https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Inferring-part-of-relationships @@ -274035,7 +274036,7 @@ - + A blood vessel that is part of a head [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:36610 MA:0000575 @@ -274047,14 +274048,14 @@ UBERON:0003496 head blood vessel - + - + true https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Inferring-part-of-relationships @@ -277559,38 +277560,38 @@ - + - - + + A macula densa that is part of a distal convoluted tubule [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0001668 uberon UBERON:0003546 distal convoluted tubule macula densa - + - + - + MA - + MA @@ -289409,7 +289410,7 @@ - + A bone that is part of a mesopodial skeleton. The carpus (wrist) and tarsus (ankle) of land vertebrates primitively had three rows of carpal or tarsal bones. Often some of these have become lost or fused in evolution. Three proximals. In the hand humans has all three. In the foot the middle proximal appears in 5-15% of people as an os trigonum. Centrale or os centrale, on the medial side. In humans and our closest relatives the African apes (chimpanzees and gorillas) it fuses to the scaphoid where it forms the articulation with the trapezoid bone; occasionally it stays separate. In Man's foot it is the navicular. Some early land vertebrates had more than one (up to three) os centrale per hand or foot. Distals, one per finger / toe at the base of each metacarpal or metatarsal. In mammals the 4th and 5th fuse. In the horse the 1st is lost EMAPA:36579 @@ -289423,7 +289424,7 @@ UBERON:0003656 mesopodium bone - + @@ -289436,7 +289437,7 @@ - + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Skeleton-partonomy-Design-Pattern @@ -289544,7 +289545,7 @@ - + Any muscle organ that is part of a hip [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0000657 hip muscle organ @@ -289557,14 +289558,14 @@ UBERON:0003658 hip muscle - + - + prolog @@ -289856,7 +289857,7 @@ - + @@ -289875,14 +289876,14 @@ limb muscle - + - + prolog @@ -289928,7 +289929,7 @@ - + Any muscle organ that is part of a forelimb. FMA and MA class actually refer to muscles of entire pectoral complex UBERON:0005634 @@ -289950,14 +289951,14 @@ UBERON:0003662 forelimb muscle - + - + prolog @@ -290054,7 +290055,7 @@ - + Any muscle organ that is part of a hindlimb [Automatically generated definition]. AAO:0000222 @@ -290078,14 +290079,14 @@ hindlimb muscle - + - + prolog @@ -290674,7 +290675,7 @@ - + A combination of exfoliated (shed) epithelial cells, transudated skin oils, and moisture. It occurs in both female and male mammalian genitalia[WP]. FMA:19656 GAID:1170 @@ -290686,14 +290687,14 @@ UBERON:0003670 smegma - + - + Wikipedia @@ -290924,14 +290925,14 @@ - + - + A tooth that is typically long and pointed and bearing a single cusp. @@ -290965,25 +290966,25 @@ cuspid https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/57/Azawakh_K9.jpg - + - + - + 1 EDITOR_NOTE cardinality not allowed with transitivity in OWL - + Wikipedia @@ -291443,7 +291444,7 @@ - + In humans: Muscles arising in the zygomatic arch that close the jaw. Their nerve supply is masseteric from the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve. (From Stedman, 25th ed). we use this specifically for a jaw muscle that is innervates by the mandibular nerve. @@ -291466,14 +291467,14 @@ masticatory muscle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4d/Gray781.png - + - + dbpedia @@ -291857,7 +291858,7 @@ - + Dental alveolus (plural, alveoli) are sockets in the jaws in which the roots of teeth are held in the alveolar process of maxilla with the periodontal ligament. The lay term for dental alveoli is tooth sockets. A joint that connect the roots of the teeth and the alveolus are called gomphosis (plural gomphoses). In mammals, tooth sockets are found in the maxilla and the mandible. [WP,unvetted]. FMA:57490 GAID:217 @@ -291875,14 +291876,14 @@ tooth socket https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2e/Alveole_zahn.jpg - + - + MESH-modified @@ -292059,7 +292060,7 @@ - + The sella turcica is a saddle-shaped depression in the sphenoid bone at the base of the human skull. [WP,unvetted]. for consistency with FMA we have a separate class for the cavity of the sella turcica CALOHA:TS-2342 @@ -292079,7 +292080,7 @@ sella turcica http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/35/Gray145.png - + @@ -292092,7 +292093,7 @@ - + FMA @@ -292136,7 +292137,7 @@ - + @@ -292149,7 +292150,7 @@ - + @@ -292185,7 +292186,7 @@ https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/pelvis-female/v1.3/assets/3d-vh-f-pelvis.glb https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/pelvis-male/v1.3/assets/3d-vh-m-pelvis.glb - + @@ -292198,7 +292199,7 @@ - + FMA @@ -293230,7 +293231,7 @@ - + @@ -293277,14 +293278,14 @@ temporomandibular joint http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a5/Gray309.png - + - + FMA-abduced-lr @@ -293381,7 +293382,7 @@ - + @@ -293419,7 +293420,7 @@ calcaneal tendon http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3c/Achilles-tendon.jpg - + @@ -293432,7 +293433,7 @@ - + FMA @@ -293486,7 +293487,7 @@ - + @@ -293512,7 +293513,7 @@ inguinal canal http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b4/Gray1227.png - + @@ -293525,7 +293526,7 @@ - + Wikipedia @@ -293614,12 +293615,12 @@ - + - + @@ -293646,7 +293647,7 @@ intrahepatic bile duct - + @@ -293659,7 +293660,7 @@ - + MA @@ -293702,7 +293703,7 @@ - + A small bulge in the small intestine present at birth. It is a vestigial remnant of the omphalomesenteric duct. finding in ncit; GALT in chickens FMA:14967 @@ -293720,14 +293721,14 @@ UBERON:0003705 Meckel's diverticulum - + - + Wikipedia @@ -293781,8 +293782,8 @@ - - + + Either of two pairs of folds of mucous membrane projecting into the larynx. we follow FMA in modeling this is mucous membrane plus ligament BTO:0005084 @@ -293804,25 +293805,25 @@ laryngeal vocal fold - + - + - + BTO FMA-abduced - + FMA-abduced-lr @@ -293881,7 +293882,7 @@ - + @@ -293912,14 +293913,14 @@ sinus of Valsalva http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/54/Gray497.png - + - + FMA MP @@ -294031,8 +294032,8 @@ - - + + A circle of arteries that supply blood to the brain. The Circle of Willis comprises the following arteries: Anterior cerebral artery (left and right); Anterior communicating artery; Internal carotid artery (left and right); Posterior cerebral artery (left and right); Posterior communicating artery (left and right).The basilar artery and middle cerebral arteries, supplying the brain, are also considered part of the circle. In zebrafish, the circle of vessels comprised of the basal communicating artery (BCA) and posterior communicating segments (PCS) superficially resemble but are not homologous to the human circle of Willis arterial circle @@ -294055,24 +294056,24 @@ circle of Willis http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2e/Circle_of_Willis_en.svg - + - + - + FMA-modified - + FMA-modified @@ -294624,7 +294625,7 @@ - + @@ -294652,14 +294653,14 @@ recurrent laryngeal nerve - + - + Wikipedia @@ -294781,7 +294782,7 @@ - + Any of the rapidly adapting mechanoreceptors found in subcutaneous tissue beneath both hairy and glabrous skin, and which normally contain an afferent nerve fiber surrounded by a capsule with multiple concentric layers. may also be present in the mesentery of cats, in pancreas, in lymph nodes [ISBN:9780849388118] consists of a nerve fiber, an inner core of modified Schwann cells, a subcapsular space and a capsule [ISBN:9780849388118] @@ -294818,7 +294819,7 @@ Pacinian corpuscle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/52/Gray935.png - + @@ -294831,7 +294832,7 @@ - + may also be located in organs - check @@ -295526,7 +295527,7 @@ - + The central part of the thoracic cavity enclosed by the left and right pleurae. mediastinal CALOHA:TS-2338 @@ -295548,14 +295549,14 @@ mediastinum http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ab/Mediastinum.png - + - + FMA @@ -295767,7 +295768,7 @@ - + @@ -295785,14 +295786,14 @@ UBERON:0003820 prostate bud - + - + PMID:18977204 @@ -295832,7 +295833,7 @@ - + A bone of the metapodial skeleton. EMAPA:37284 MA:0000301 @@ -295846,14 +295847,14 @@ UBERON:0003821 metapodium bone - + - + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Skeleton-partonomy-Design-Pattern @@ -295912,7 +295913,7 @@ - + @@ -295961,14 +295962,14 @@ forelimb stylopod - + - + MA @@ -296075,7 +296076,7 @@ - + @@ -296136,14 +296137,14 @@ hindlimb zeugopod - + - + MA @@ -296678,7 +296679,7 @@ - + Any muscle organ that is part of a thorax [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0000561 muscle organ of thorax @@ -296688,14 +296689,14 @@ UBERON:0003830 thoracic segment muscle - + - + prolog @@ -296814,7 +296815,7 @@ - + Any muscle organ that is part of a esophagus [Automatically generated definition]. merge muscle and muscle layer? EMAPA:26983 @@ -296831,14 +296832,14 @@ UBERON:0003832 esophagus muscle - + - + MA @@ -297873,7 +297874,7 @@ - + Epithelium that is part of a developing tooth or dental organ. see comments for dental organ. todo - full developmental relationships @@ -297898,14 +297899,14 @@ dental epithelium - + - + epithelium JB @@ -298153,7 +298154,7 @@ - + @@ -298186,14 +298187,14 @@ thymus epithelium - + - + PMID:21293377 @@ -298784,12 +298785,12 @@ - + - + A neural plate that develops_from a future spinal cord. Neural plate that is part of the spinal cord. [Bgee_curator][VHOG] (...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (4) a single, tubular nerve cord that is located dorsal to the notochord (...)[well established][VHOG] @@ -298802,14 +298803,14 @@ UBERON:0003854 spinal cord neural plate - + - + ZFA @@ -298930,7 +298931,7 @@ - + @@ -298956,14 +298957,14 @@ uncondensed odontogenic mesenchyme - + - + see comments @@ -299043,7 +299044,7 @@ - + Mesenchyme that is part of a developing upper eyelid [Automatically generated definition]. EHDAA2:0002117 EHDAA:9051 @@ -299056,14 +299057,14 @@ UBERON:0003857 upper eyelid mesenchyme - + - + cjm @@ -299114,7 +299115,7 @@ - + Mesenchyme that is part of a developing lower eyelid [Automatically generated definition]. EHDAA2:0001017 EHDAA:9045 @@ -299127,14 +299128,14 @@ UBERON:0003858 lower eyelid mesenchyme - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -301093,7 +301094,7 @@ - + The part of the coelom in the embryo between the somatopleuric and splanchnopleuric mesoderm; the principal body cavities of the trunk (thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic) arise from this embryonic part of the coelom. consider merging with coelom. TODO - add spatial relationships to halves of LPM. Note the OG places XAO and ZFA coelem terms here. editor note: TODO check ZFA, which appears to be a structure present in adults (...) I regard it unlikely that coeloms of all bilaterian animals are comparable and evolved very early. Considering all these questions, few convincing characters concerning the evolution of body cavities remain to be named. (...) A segmental coelom appears to have evolved at least two times, in Annelida and in Myomerata (Acrania and Craniota).[well established][VHOG] @@ -301109,14 +301110,14 @@ intraembryonic coelom - + - + Wikipedia @@ -301271,7 +301272,7 @@ - + @@ -301329,14 +301330,14 @@ fallopian tube http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/68/Scheme_female_reproductive_system-en.svg - + - + FMA-abduced-lr @@ -301411,7 +301412,7 @@ - + Paired ducts of the embryo that run down the lateral sides of the urogenital ridge and terminate at the mullerian eminence in the primitive urogenital sinus. In the female, they will develop to form the fallopian tubes, uterus, and the upper portion of the vagina; in the male, they are lost. These ducts are made of tissue of mesodermal origin[WP]. develops either by lengthwise splitting of the archinephric duct (in chondrichthyans and some amphibians) or by a elongated invagination of the coelomic epithelium (other vertebrates) In males, the oviducts regress. The cranial end of the oviduct maintains an opening into the coelom (which primitively may have been the anteriormost coelomic funnels connecting the nephrocoel with the coelom). This opening is the ostium tubae[USM]. Either of the paired embryonic ducts developing into the uterine tubes, uterus, and vagina in the female and becoming largely obliterated in the male. [TFD][VHOG] Transient developmental organ which gives rise to oviducts in female (documented to persist in some male frogs).[AAO] @@ -301441,14 +301442,14 @@ Mullerian duct http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6d/Gray1109.png - + - + Wikipedia @@ -301597,8 +301598,8 @@ - - + + @@ -301633,11 +301634,11 @@ liver primordium - + - + @@ -301656,13 +301657,13 @@ - + EHDAA2 - + ventral foregut endoderm Zaret 1996 @@ -301861,7 +301862,7 @@ - + @@ -301881,14 +301882,14 @@ UBERON:0003898 skeletal muscle tissue of trunk - + - + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Inferring-part-of-relationships @@ -302002,7 +302003,7 @@ - + @@ -302034,14 +302035,14 @@ horizontal septum - + - + ISBN:0073040584 @@ -302084,7 +302085,7 @@ - + @@ -302101,7 +302102,7 @@ - + The part of the retina that contains neurons and photoreceptor cells[GO]. (...) an essentially similar sequence of events occurs during the embryonic development of the vertebrate eye. The eye initially develops as a single median evagination of the diencephalon that soon bifurcates to form the paired optic vesicles. As each optic vesicle grows towards the body surface, its proximal part narrows as the optic stalk, and its distal part invaginates to form a two-layered optic cup. (...) The outer layer of the optic cup becomes the pigment layer of the retina, whereas the inner layer differentiates into the photoreceptive cells and neuronal layers of the retina.[well established][VHOG] @@ -302133,14 +302134,14 @@ retinal neural layer - + - + Bgee:AN @@ -302213,7 +302214,7 @@ - + @@ -302237,14 +302238,14 @@ bursa of Fabricius - + - + Wikipedia @@ -303142,7 +303143,7 @@ - + @@ -303172,14 +303173,14 @@ pancreas primordium http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/db/Gray982.png - + - + Wikipedia @@ -303221,16 +303222,16 @@ - - + + - - + + The embryonic pancreas develops from two separate anlagen in the foregut epithelium, one dorsal and two ventral pancreatic buds[PMID]. EFO:0003470 EMAPA:35645 @@ -303251,19 +303252,19 @@ http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/49/Suckale08FBS_fig1_pancreas_development.jpeg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/db/Gray982.png - + - + - + - + @@ -303276,26 +303277,26 @@ - + EHDAA2 - + Wikipedia:Pancreas#Embryological_development - + zebrafish Wikipedia:Pancreatic_bud - + EHDAA2-inferred @@ -303337,8 +303338,8 @@ - - + + Pancreatic bud that gives rise to the accessory pancreatic duct. The pancreatic bud that gives rise to the accessory pancreatic duct.[AAO] In chick, Xenopus laevis, and the teleost fish Medaka, the pancreas develops from three buds that emerge from the gut tube, two from its ventral aspect, and one from its dorsal aspect. In mouse, although there are initially three buds that arise from the gut tube at the point of contact between the endoderm and the vasculature, the pancreas develops from only two of these buds, one dorsal and one ventral. (...) In this study, we use a transgenic zebrafish line (...). We provide evidence for the existence of two distinct pancreatic anlagen - a ventral anterior bud and a dorsal posterior bud - that join to form the definitive pancreas (reference 1); The pancreas develops from the fusion of distinct endoderm-derived dorsal and ventral diverticula. In humans, by day 35 of development, the ventral pancreatic bud begins to migrate backwards and comes into contact and eventually fuses with the dorsal pancreatic bud during the sixth week of development (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] @@ -303366,24 +303367,24 @@ dorsal pancreatic bud http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/db/Gray982.png - + - + - + EHDAA2 - + XAO @@ -303430,8 +303431,8 @@ - - + + Pancreatic bud that gives rise to the major pancreatic duct. In chick, Xenopus laevis, and the teleost fish Medaka, the pancreas develops from three buds that emerge from the gut tube, two from its ventral aspect, and one from its dorsal aspect. In mouse, although there are initially three buds that arise from the gut tube at the point of contact between the endoderm and the vasculature, the pancreas develops from only two of these buds, one dorsal and one ventral. (...) In this study, we use a transgenic zebrafish line (...). We provide evidence for the existence of two distinct pancreatic anlagen - a ventral anterior bud and a dorsal posterior bud - that join to form the definitive pancreas (reference 1); The pancreas develops from the fusion of distinct endoderm-derived dorsal and ventral diverticula. In humans, by day 35 of development, the ventral pancreatic bud begins to migrate backwards and comes into contact and eventually fuses with the dorsal pancreatic bud during the sixth week of development (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] The ventral pancreatic bud becomes the head and uncinate process, and comes from the hepatic diverticulum[WP] @@ -303459,24 +303460,24 @@ ventral pancreatic bud http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/db/Gray982.png - + - + - + EHDAA2 - + PMID:16417468 WP @@ -303509,7 +303510,7 @@ - + @@ -303536,14 +303537,14 @@ photoreceptor inner segment layer - + - + MA @@ -303582,7 +303583,7 @@ - + @@ -303608,14 +303609,14 @@ photoreceptor outer segment layer - + - + MA @@ -305589,7 +305590,7 @@ - + @@ -305626,14 +305627,14 @@ rete testis http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b5/Hodenschema.svg - + - + Wikipedia @@ -305670,8 +305671,8 @@ - - + + @@ -305696,24 +305697,24 @@ styloid process of temporal bone http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/96/Gray137.png - + - + - + ISBN:0073040584 - + MP-implied-by-def @@ -305838,7 +305839,7 @@ - + The small parasympathetic ganglion that supplies nerve fibers to the lacrimal, nasal, palatine and pharyngeal glands. BAMS:GptVII @@ -305862,14 +305863,14 @@ pterygopalatine ganglion http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a9/Gray779.png - + - + definitional @@ -306375,7 +306376,7 @@ - + One of the conchae of the ethmoid bone, which occupy the caudal part of the nasal fossae and form the lateral and superior portions of the turbinate bones in mammals[MP]. The ethmoturbinals are associated with the cribiform plate. They are covered with olfactory epithelium. Primarily, they serve to increase the surface area over which olfactory receptor neurons can come in contact with respiratory air. These olfactory receptor nerves then synapse with the mitral cells of the olfactory lobes through the cribiform plate in the manner described above[Palaeos]. FMA considers nasal concha and nasal concha of ethmoid bone to be synonymous. We disambiguate these here EMAPA:37914 @@ -306390,14 +306391,14 @@ nasal concha of ethmoid bone - + - + ISBN:0073040584 @@ -306439,7 +306440,7 @@ - + @@ -306475,7 +306476,7 @@ upper part of vagina - + @@ -306488,7 +306489,7 @@ - + EMAPA @@ -307745,7 +307746,7 @@ - + @@ -307775,7 +307776,7 @@ interventricular foramen of CNS - + @@ -307788,7 +307789,7 @@ - + MP @@ -308001,8 +308002,8 @@ - - + + @@ -308043,11 +308044,11 @@ hyoid bone greater horn - + - + @@ -308060,13 +308061,13 @@ - + FMA-abduced-lr - + Wikipedia @@ -308214,8 +308215,8 @@ - - + + @@ -308247,11 +308248,11 @@ hyoid bone lesser horn - + - + @@ -308264,13 +308265,13 @@ - + FMA-abduced-lr - + MP-implied-by-def @@ -308864,8 +308865,8 @@ - - + + The embryonic pseudostratified epithelium of the fourth cerebellar ventricle that eventually forms the vermis and ventral neuroepithelium. DHBA:12698 EHDAA2:0004401 @@ -308877,11 +308878,11 @@ cerebellar plate - + - + @@ -308894,13 +308895,13 @@ - + EHDAA2 - + EHDAA2 @@ -309124,7 +309125,7 @@ - + One of the folds of skin which form the inner lips on both sides of the vaginal opening. FMA:20374 MA:0002845 @@ -309144,14 +309145,14 @@ labium minora http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b7/Vulva_labeled_english.jpg - + - + Wikipedia @@ -309239,7 +309240,7 @@ - + A transitional population of migrating mesenchymal cells that derive from somites and that will become dermal cells. Not to be confused with 'dermatome segment of skin'. @@ -309267,7 +309268,7 @@ dermatome http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f3/Gray64.png - + @@ -309280,7 +309281,7 @@ - + EHDAA2-abduced @@ -309338,7 +309339,7 @@ - + The mesenchymal cells that give rise to the corneal endothelium, corneal stroma, sclera, iris stroma, ciliary muscle, ciliary stroma, and trabecular meshwork of the eye[MP]. Periocular mesenchyme (PM) is a mesencephalic neural crest derived cell population which as a result of an interaction with the retinal pigment epithelium forms the scleral cartilage of the avian eye Check XAO once it has a definition. @@ -309350,14 +309351,14 @@ periocular mesenchyme - + - + PMID:3709965 @@ -309508,8 +309509,8 @@ - - + + @@ -309529,25 +309530,25 @@ spongiotrophoblast layer - + - + - + MP:0004255 PMID:11433360 - + PMID:19829370 @@ -309939,7 +309940,7 @@ - + The vascular structure encircling the anterior chamber of the eye, through which the aqueous humor is returned to the blood circulation. EMAPA:37456 FMA:51873 @@ -309958,14 +309959,14 @@ canal of Schlemm - + - + FMA/obol @@ -310375,7 +310376,7 @@ - + @@ -310394,14 +310395,14 @@ cortical intermediate zone - + - + Wikipedia @@ -310497,7 +310498,7 @@ - + The nodules of antigen-activated, differentiating B cells, follicular dendritic cells, antigen-presenting T cells and macrophages in the spleen white pulp. EMAPA:37961 @@ -310509,14 +310510,14 @@ spleen secondary B follicle - + - + CL:tm @@ -310551,7 +310552,7 @@ - + The spherical enlargement at the base of each semicircular canal where they connect with the utricle, containing the crista ampullaris which detects movement of the fluid within the canals. TODO check duct vs canal. Also check FMA - has many subtypes of semicircular canal such as 'ampulla of anterior semicircular canal' EMAPA:32831 @@ -310567,14 +310568,14 @@ semicircular canal ampulla http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Vestibular_system%27s_semicircular_canal-_a_cross-section.jpg - + - + MA @@ -311145,8 +311146,8 @@ - - + + @@ -311168,11 +311169,11 @@ primitive pit - + - + @@ -311185,13 +311186,13 @@ - + EHDAA2 - + EHDAA2 @@ -311298,7 +311299,7 @@ - + @@ -311325,14 +311326,14 @@ biliary ductule - + - + BTO @@ -311436,7 +311437,7 @@ - + The layer of undifferentiated, proliferating cells that line the neural tube lumen that is the immediate transformation of the germinal neuroepithelium. consider merging with 'ventricular zone'; note that the MA class probably does not belong here, as this is an embryonic structure The layer of undifferentiated, proliferating cells that line the neural tube lumen @@ -311454,7 +311455,7 @@ neural tube ventricular layer - + @@ -311467,7 +311468,7 @@ - + NCBIBook:NBK10047 @@ -311528,7 +311529,7 @@ - + @@ -311552,7 +311553,7 @@ neural tube mantle layer - + @@ -311565,7 +311566,7 @@ - + by division NCBIBook:NBK10047 @@ -311603,7 +311604,7 @@ - + @@ -311620,14 +311621,14 @@ neural tube marginal layer - + - + forms from axons @@ -311736,7 +311737,7 @@ - + @@ -311761,14 +311762,14 @@ neural tube basal plate - + - + Shh Swenson @@ -311893,8 +311894,8 @@ - - + + The lateral area of the two branches of a horseshoe-shaped mesenchymal swelling in the future nasal region of the embryo; it separates the olfactory pit from the developing eye and the ala of the nose/snout develops from it. EHDAA2:0000916 @@ -311913,24 +311914,24 @@ lateral nasal prominence http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2d/Gray48.png - + - + - + EHDAA2 - + Wikipedia @@ -311978,14 +311979,14 @@ - + - + The central area of the two limbs of a horseshoe-shaped mesenchymal swelling that lie medial to the olfactory placode or pit in the future nasal region of the embryo; it joins with the ipsilateral maxillary prominence in the formation of half of the upper jaw, and the nasal tip and philtrum of the upper lip develop from it. Fusion of right and left medial nasal processes forms a primary palate rostrally and the nasal septum caudally. The incisive bone, including upper incisor teeth and the rostral up- per lip, are derived from the primary palate. The nasal septum consists of bone, cartilage, and a patch of soft tissue membrane that separates right & left halves of the nasal cavity. EHDAA2:0001076 @@ -312006,24 +312007,24 @@ medial nasal prominence http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/85/Gray45.png - + - + - + EHDAA2 - + Wikipedia @@ -312071,14 +312072,14 @@ - + - + The forebrain region that coordinates sensory signaling arising from the vomeronasal organ; it is located on the dorsal-posterior portion of the main olfactory bulb, and the axons that leave the accessory olfactory bulb project to targets in the amygdala and hypothalamus. @@ -312104,24 +312105,24 @@ Projection notes: Site of termination of vomeronasal nerve; projects to: other parts of pallial amygdala, medial amygdala, subpallial nucleus (Butler and Hodos) accessory olfactory bulb - + - + - + cjm - + ISBN:0471888893 @@ -312249,7 +312250,7 @@ - + The nucleus composed of the globose and emoliform nuclei of the cerebellum; in some mammalian species the globose nucleus is not distinguishable. The interposed nucleus is a deep nucleus of the cerebellum and is composed of the globose nuclei and the emboliform nuclei. It is located in in the roof (dorsal aspect) of the fourth ventricle, lateral to the fastigial nucleus. It receives its afferent supply from the anterior lobe of the cerebellum and sends output via the superior cerebellar peduncle to the red nucleus. @@ -312274,14 +312275,14 @@ cerebellum interpositus nucleus - + - + ISBN:0471888893 @@ -312448,7 +312449,7 @@ - + @@ -312479,7 +312480,7 @@ cerebellum vermis lobule II - + @@ -312492,7 +312493,7 @@ - + ABA @@ -312532,7 +312533,7 @@ - + @@ -312565,7 +312566,7 @@ cerebellum vermis lobule III - + @@ -312578,7 +312579,7 @@ - + ABA @@ -312612,7 +312613,7 @@ - + @@ -312642,7 +312643,7 @@ cerebellum vermis lobule IV - + @@ -312655,7 +312656,7 @@ - + ABA @@ -312683,7 +312684,7 @@ - + The uvula (uvular lobe) forms a considerable portion of the inferior vermis; it is separated on either side from the tonsil by the sulcus valleculC&, at the bottom of which it is connected to the tonsil by a ridge of gray matter, indented on its surface by shallow furrows, and hence called the furrowed band. BAMS:UVU BAMS:Uvu @@ -312713,7 +312714,7 @@ The uvula is the second largest lobule, following the culmen. It pertains to the paleocerebellum and is separated from the nodule by the posterolateral fissure. cerebellum vermis lobule IX - + @@ -312726,7 +312727,7 @@ - + NIFSTD @@ -312790,7 +312791,7 @@ - + @@ -312825,7 +312826,7 @@ cerebellum vermis lobule V - + @@ -312838,7 +312839,7 @@ - + ABA @@ -312884,7 +312885,7 @@ - + @@ -312919,7 +312920,7 @@ cerebellum vermis lobule VI - + @@ -312932,7 +312933,7 @@ - + MP @@ -313165,7 +313166,7 @@ - + @@ -313198,7 +313199,7 @@ cerebellum vermis lobule X - + @@ -313211,7 +313212,7 @@ - + NIFSTD @@ -313271,8 +313272,8 @@ - - + + @@ -313302,24 +313303,24 @@ genital labium - + - + - + MA - + FMA-abduced-lr @@ -313360,7 +313361,7 @@ - + One of the folds of skin which form the outer lips on both sides of the vaginal opening. FMA:20367 MA:0002844 @@ -313380,14 +313381,14 @@ labium majora http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/26/Gray1229.png - + - + posterior labial commissure Wikipedia @@ -314106,7 +314107,7 @@ - + One of the two jaw ridges either on the roof of the mouth between the upper teeth and the hard palate or on the bottom of the mouth behind the lower teeth[WP]. The alveolar ridges contain the sockets (alveoli) of the teeth[HP]. in BTO, this is part of an embryo BTO:0001383 @@ -314129,14 +314130,14 @@ alveolar ridge - + - + PMID:19767574 Wikipedia @@ -314277,7 +314278,7 @@ - + Horizontal piece of cartilage located outside the ear canal that divides the upper and lower parts of the ear. FMA:61024 NCIT:C32410 @@ -314291,14 +314292,14 @@ crus of ear - + - + Wikipedia-uncited @@ -314334,9 +314335,9 @@ - - - + + + Part of the cranium, the clivus is a shallow depression behind the dorsum sellC& that slopes obliquely backward. It forms a gradual sloping process at the anterior most portion of the basilar occipital bone at its junction with the sphenoid bone. On axial planes, it sits just posterior to the sphenoid sinuses. Just lateral to the clivus bilaterally is the foramen lacerum which contains the internal carotid artery, proximal to its anastamosis with the Circle of Willis. Posterior to the clivus is the basilar artery. The clivus supports the upper part of the pons. check relationships. FMA:75747 @@ -314356,15 +314357,15 @@ clivus of occipital bone http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c5/Clivus.png - + - + - + @@ -314377,19 +314378,19 @@ - + FMA - + HP:0010558 - + Wikipedia @@ -314761,7 +314762,7 @@ - + @@ -314787,7 +314788,7 @@ tympanic cavity http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/19/Gray923.png - + @@ -314800,7 +314801,7 @@ - + EHDAA2 @@ -315099,8 +315100,8 @@ - - + + An internal pocketing of pharyngeal endoderm that contacts a region of ectoderm (a pharyngeal cleft) and interdigitates in the anterior and posterior directions with the pharyngeal arches. Outpocketings of pharyngeal endoderm that interdigitate with the neural crest derived pharyngeal arches. The pouches later fuse with the surface ectoderm to form the gill slits. Crump et al, 2004.[TAO] A conserved feature of all vertebrate embryos is the presence of a series of bulges on the lateral surface of the head, the pharyngeal arches; it is within these structures that the nerves, muscles and skeletal components of the pharyngeal apparatus are laid down. The pharyngeal arches are separated by endodermal outpocketings, the pharyngeal pouches.[well established][VHOG] @@ -315133,24 +315134,24 @@ The pouches are polarized structures. For example, whereas the rostral half of each pouch expresses Bmp-7, the caudal half expresses FGF-8 and the dorsal aspect of each pouch is marked via its expression of Pax-1. each pouch has an individual sense of identity. Shh expression is a prominent early feature of the caudal endoderm of the second arch, and individual pouches mark the anterior limits of expression of Hox genes within the pharyngeal endoderm; Hox-a2 has a rostral boundary at the second pouch, Hox-a3 at the third pouch and Hox-a4 at the most caudal pouch[PMID:16313389] pharyngeal pouch - + - + - + http://tolweb.org/Chordata/2499 - + EHDAA2 ZFA @@ -315778,7 +315779,7 @@ - + A myocardium trabecular layer that is part of a cardiac ventricle. TODO - check FMA FMA:83511 @@ -315792,14 +315793,14 @@ trabecular layer of ventricle - + - + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Inferring-part-of-relationships @@ -315844,7 +315845,7 @@ - + The outer layer the ventricular myocardium, muscle fibers are arranged in a compact form and involved the entire ventricle. The outer layer the ventricular myocardium, muscle fibers are arranged in a compact form and involved the entire ventricle.[TAO] EMAPA:37833 @@ -315860,14 +315861,14 @@ compact layer of ventricle - + - + ZFA @@ -315917,9 +315918,9 @@ - - - + + + @@ -315952,34 +315953,34 @@ optic vesicle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e0/Gray863.png - + - + - + - + ZFA - + GO-def - + ZFA @@ -316148,7 +316149,7 @@ - + The sensory trigeminal nerve nuclei are the largest of the cranial nerve nuclei, and extend through the whole of the midbrain, pons and medulla. The nucleus is divided into three parts, from rostral to caudal (top to bottom in humans): * The mesencephalic nucleus * The chief sensory nucleus (or pontine nucleus or main sensory nucleus or primary nucleus) * The spinal trigeminal nucleus[WP]. TODO - check ZFA link. note this is part of medulla in ZFA, but we do not include this link here as it leads to inconsistencies EMAPA:35884 @@ -316169,14 +316170,14 @@ trigeminal sensory nucleus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/30/Gray696.png - + - + MA @@ -316249,8 +316250,8 @@ - - + + In mammals, the proximal tubule is a nephron tubule that connects Bowman's capsule to the loop of Henle. It has a brush border epithelial morphology[GO]. TODO - ensure definition works across species. @@ -316267,24 +316268,24 @@ proximal tubule - + - + - + GO - + GO @@ -316344,7 +316345,7 @@ - + The intermediate tubule is a nephron tubule that lies between the proximal and distal tubules. TODO - check for applicability across species FMA:17718 @@ -316354,14 +316355,14 @@ UBERON:0004136 intermediate tubule - + - + FMA @@ -316467,8 +316468,8 @@ - - + + A specific region of the lateral mesoderm that will form the primary beating heart tube. In mammals the primary heart field gives rise to the left ventricle. this term denotes the primary heart field; GO:0003128 denotes the superclass of primary and secondary: specific region of the lateral mesoderm into the area which will form the primary beating heart tube[GO:0003138] XAO:0004185 @@ -316481,24 +316482,24 @@ UBERON:0004140 primary heart field - + - + - + GO:0003128 - + https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3308-6245 @@ -316557,7 +316558,7 @@ - + An epithelial tube that will give rise to the mature heart. the paired, longitudinal, endothelial-lined channels formed from the cardiogenic mesoderm in embryonic development; angiogenic cell clusters (aka angioblastic cords) located in a horse-shoe shape configuration in the cardiogenic plate coalesce to form the right and left endocardial heart tubes which then fuse in cephalo-caudal direction to form a single primitive heart tube. AAO:0010411 @@ -316577,14 +316578,14 @@ heart tube - + - + ZFA-modified @@ -316749,8 +316750,8 @@ - - + + The His-Purkinje system receives signals from the AV node and is composed of the fibers that regulate cardiac muscle contraction in the ventricles. the intraventricular conduction system from the bundle of His to the distal Purkinje fibers, which carries the impulse to the ventricles. HPS @@ -316761,11 +316762,11 @@ UBERON:0004146 His-Purkinje system - + - + @@ -316778,13 +316779,13 @@ - + GO - + PMID:12626327 PMID:21234997 github:michaelerice @@ -317022,7 +317023,7 @@ - + The bulbus arteriosus is an elastic heart chamber[GO]. Multi-tissue structure that consists of three layers and through which the blood exits the heart. The bulbus arteriosus is a pear shaped chamber that functions as a capacitor, maintaining continuous blood flow into the gill arches[ZFA]. A pear shaped chamber that functions as a capacitor, maintaining continuous blood flow into the gill arches. The bulbus arteriosus has three distinct layers. Hu et al. 2000.[TAO] replaces conus arteriosis in cartilaginous fish @@ -317035,14 +317036,14 @@ bulbus arteriosus - + - + definitional @@ -317075,7 +317076,7 @@ - + Endocardial cushions project into the atrial canal, and, meeting in the middle line, unite to form the septum intermedium which divides the canal into two channels, the future right and left atrioventricular orifices[Gray's via WP]. SCTID:361468003 Wikipedia:Septum_intermedium @@ -317085,14 +317086,14 @@ ventricular septum intermedium http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4d/Gray467.png - + - + Wikipedia @@ -317303,8 +317304,8 @@ - - + + An embryonic group of progenitor cells that forms from an outpouching of the septum transversum near the venous pole of the heart and gives rise to the epicardium. propepicardial Proepicardial clusters in Zebrafish form on the pericardial wall, adjacent to the atrioventricular (AV) junction and near the venous pole[ZFA] @@ -317316,24 +317317,24 @@ UBERON:0004160 proepicardium - + - + - + todo check other taxa - + ZFA @@ -317502,14 +317503,14 @@ - + - + @@ -317527,24 +317528,24 @@ UBERON:0004164 branchiomeric muscle - + - + - + ISBN:0073040584 - + PMID:21610022 @@ -317589,14 +317590,14 @@ - + Missing definition for term UBERON:0004166. Please replace it using linked reference. check ZFA structures superior reticular formation medial column & tegmentum uberon UBERON:0004166 superior reticular formation - + @@ -317609,7 +317610,7 @@ - + GO @@ -317626,7 +317627,7 @@ - + @@ -317658,14 +317659,14 @@ orbitofrontal cortex - + - + FMA MP @@ -317865,7 +317866,7 @@ - + The trigeminothalamic tract is one of the major routes of nociceptive and temperature signaling from the face. BAMS:tth BIRNLEX:4097 @@ -317879,14 +317880,14 @@ UBERON:0004171 trigeminothalamic tract - + - + GO @@ -318286,8 +318287,8 @@ - - + + A saclike structure of the prostate gland, comprised of at least three cell layers: an innermost layer of secretory columnar luminal epithelium, a middle layer of squamous basal epithelium that also contains neuroendocrine cells, transit amplifying cells, and stem cells, and an outer layer of smooth muscle intermixed with other stromal cells. the muscle layer is implicitly treated as outside the acinus @@ -318300,11 +318301,11 @@ prostate glandular acinus - + - + @@ -318317,13 +318318,13 @@ - + GO - + PMID:18977204 @@ -318897,7 +318898,7 @@ - + @@ -318942,14 +318943,14 @@ Harderian gland - + - + PMID:7559104 @@ -319385,8 +319386,8 @@ - - + + The S1 portion is the initial portion of the proximal convoluted tubule and is responsible for avid reabsorption of water and solutes[GO]. UBERON:0006432 @@ -319402,24 +319403,24 @@ proximal convoluted tubule segment 1 - + - + - + GO - + GO @@ -319455,8 +319456,8 @@ - - + + The S2 portion of the tubule is involved in reabsorption of water and sodium chloride[GO]. UBERON:0006433 @@ -319472,24 +319473,24 @@ proximal convoluted tubule segment 2 - + - + - + GO - + GO @@ -319523,8 +319524,8 @@ - - + + The comma-shaped body is the precursor structure to the S-shaped body that contributes to the morphogenesis of the nephron. EMAPA:27681 ZFA:0005588 @@ -319534,24 +319535,24 @@ comma-shaped body - + - + - + cjm - + ZFA @@ -319573,8 +319574,8 @@ - - + + The S-shaped body is the successor of the comma-shaped body that contributes to the morphogenesis of the nephron. TODO EMAPA:27756 @@ -319587,24 +319588,24 @@ S-shaped body - + - + - + cjm - + GO @@ -320144,21 +320145,21 @@ - + The prebend segment is a part of the descending thin limb that lies before the bend and exhibits robust sodium chloride reabsorption. uberon prebend segment UBERON:0004207 prebend segment of loop of Henle - + - + GO @@ -320364,7 +320365,7 @@ - + @@ -320403,14 +320404,14 @@ glomerular capillary - + - + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Inferring-part-of-relationships @@ -320847,8 +320848,8 @@ - - + + A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a large intestine [Automatically generated definition]. MA class may specifically mean muscle layer, but we treat as the sum of smooth muscle in both muscle layer and muscularis mucosa EMAPA:35469 @@ -320864,24 +320865,24 @@ UBERON:0004220 large intestine smooth muscle - + - + - + MA - + consider merging @@ -320962,7 +320963,7 @@ - + @@ -320999,14 +321000,14 @@ intestine smooth muscle - + - + consider merging @@ -323409,7 +323410,7 @@ - + A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a small intestine [Automatically generated definition]. MA class may specifically mean muscle layer, but we treat as the sum of smooth muscle in both muscle layer and muscularis mucosa EMAPA:35783 @@ -323434,14 +323435,14 @@ small intestine smooth muscle - + - + consider merging @@ -324202,7 +324203,7 @@ - + A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a prostate gland [Automatically generated definition]. BTO:0003159 @@ -324231,14 +324232,14 @@ prostate gland smooth muscle - + - + FMA @@ -325442,7 +325443,7 @@ - + Any muscle organ that is part of a hindlimb stylopod (upper leg)[Automatically generated definition]. UBERON:0000374 BTO:0001367 @@ -325458,14 +325459,14 @@ hindlimb stylopod muscle - + - + prolog @@ -325592,7 +325593,7 @@ - + Any muscle organ that is part of a forelimb zeugopod (lower arm)[Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:32622 FMA:37371 @@ -325606,14 +325607,14 @@ UBERON:0004254 forelimb zeugopod muscle - + - + prolog @@ -325666,7 +325667,7 @@ - + Any muscle organ that is part of a forelimb stylopod (upper arm)[Automatically generated definition]. the FMA class 'muscle of arm' belongs here, do not move See notes on UBERON:0001460 for possible terminological confusion over term 'arm' @@ -325684,14 +325685,14 @@ forelimb stylopod muscle - + - + prolog @@ -325751,7 +325752,7 @@ - + Any muscle organ that is part of a hindlimb zeugopod (lower leg) [Automatically generated definition]. the FMA class 'muscle of leg' belongs here, do not move[cjm] @@ -325769,14 +325770,14 @@ hindlimb zeugopod muscle - + - + prolog @@ -327352,13 +327353,13 @@ - + - + @@ -327374,14 +327375,14 @@ eye muscle - + - + MA @@ -327503,7 +327504,7 @@ - + The bilaminar epithelium formed from the myotome and dermatome. Epithelial sheet on the external surface of the somite that gives rise to trunk, muscle and dermis. Within the dermomyotome there is also a medio-lateral difference. The central region makes dermis, the mesenchymal connective tissue of the back skin. The medial region (closest to neural tube) makes epaxial muscle, and the lateral region (furthest from neural tube) makes hypaxial muscle[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=eurekah&part=A66768]. Epithelial sheet on the external surface of the somite that gives rise to trunk, muscle and dermis.[TAO] @@ -327526,7 +327527,7 @@ UBERON:0004290 dermomyotome - + @@ -327545,7 +327546,7 @@ - + EHDAA2 ZFA @@ -327793,8 +327794,8 @@ - - + + @@ -327814,24 +327815,24 @@ parasympathetic nerve - + - + - + NCBIBook:NBK10065 - + NCBIBook:NBK10065 @@ -331869,7 +331870,7 @@ - + @@ -331902,14 +331903,14 @@ Terminology notes. we include calvarium as a synonym, but Gray's Anatomy's list includes the Ethmoid and Sphenoid bone in the Calvaria. Some books (and HPO) state that calvaria consists of just the frontal bone, parietal bone, temporal bone, and occipital bone. Note vault may not be precisely equivalent to calvaria vault of skull - + - + small pharyngeal arch and sclerotomal contribution @@ -331968,11 +331969,11 @@ - - - - - + + + + + A membranous sac that develops from the posterior part of the alimentary canal in the embryos of mammals, birds, and reptiles, and it is important in the formation of the umbilical cord and placenta in mammals[VHOG]. A membranous sac that develops from the posterior part of the alimentary canal in the embryos of mammals, birds, and reptiles, and it is important in the formation of the umbilical cord and placenta in mammals. [TFD][VHOG] Structures homologous to the four extraembryonic membranes of reptiles and birds appear in mammals: amnion, chorion, yolk sac, and allantois.[well established][VHOG] @@ -331997,55 +331998,55 @@ allantois http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a5/Gray25.png - + - + - + - + - + - + EHDAA2-modified - + Hymans - + Hymans - + hindgut diverticulum endoderm ISBN:0073040584 - + ISBN:0073040584 @@ -332286,14 +332287,14 @@ - + - + Outermost layer of cells in the blastodermic vesicle, which will develop into the trophoblast layer and then contact the endometrium and take part in establishing the embryo's means of nutrition. distinction between trophectoderm and trophoblast unclear/inconsistent in many sources The outer cellular layer of the mammalian blastocyst. [Evolution, Fourth_Edition_(2006)_McGraw-Hill, Function, Vertebrates:_Comparative_Anatomy, p.750, see_Kardong_KV][VHOG] @@ -332311,11 +332312,11 @@ trophectoderm - + - + @@ -332328,13 +332329,13 @@ - + EHDAA2 - + EHDAA2 @@ -332378,14 +332379,14 @@ - + - + @@ -332410,11 +332411,11 @@ gubernaculum (male or female) http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/76/Gray1138.png - + - + @@ -332427,13 +332428,13 @@ - + BTO - + Wikipedia @@ -332506,7 +332507,7 @@ - + @@ -332534,14 +332535,14 @@ developmentally_induced_by Fgf10, capable of initiating limb forming interactions between endoderm and mesoderm limb bud - + - + ISBN:9780878932504 @@ -333250,9 +333251,9 @@ - - - + + + The fibrous cord that connects the tip of the styloid process of the temporal bone to the lesser horn of the hyoid bone. FMA:72308 MA:0002957 @@ -333266,15 +333267,15 @@ stylohyoid ligament - + - + - + @@ -333287,19 +333288,19 @@ - + Wikipedia - + Wikipedia - + MP-implied-by-def @@ -333468,7 +333469,7 @@ - + @@ -333524,14 +333525,14 @@ pharyngeal arch artery http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/84/Gray473.png - + - + ZFA @@ -333810,7 +333811,7 @@ - + A transparent homogeneous acellular layer found between the substantia propria and the endothelial layer of the cornea[MP]. Acellular anatomical structure composed of collagen, Descemet's membrane is secreted as a basement membrane of the corneal endothelium. Located between the stroma and the corneal endothelium, it is approximately 0.15 micrometer thick at 6 months post-fertilization.[ZFIN] @@ -333840,14 +333841,14 @@ Descemet's membrane https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/15 - + - + Cline et al @@ -333927,7 +333928,7 @@ - + @@ -333956,14 +333957,14 @@ Reichert's cartilage - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -338889,7 +338890,7 @@ - + @@ -338918,7 +338919,7 @@ metacarpus region https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2f/Metacarpals_numbered-en.svg - + @@ -338931,7 +338932,7 @@ - + PHENOSCAPE:ni @@ -341232,12 +341233,12 @@ - + - + A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a myocardium [Automatically generated definition]. Note placement of MA class based on parthood relationship FMA:261726 @@ -341247,14 +341248,14 @@ cardiac muscle tissue of myocardium - + - + MA @@ -342489,21 +342490,21 @@ - + A portion of trabecula carnea cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a right ventricle [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:84429 uberon UBERON:0004525 cardiac muscle tissue of trabecula carnea of right ventricle - + - + true https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Inferring-part-of-relationships @@ -342532,21 +342533,21 @@ - + A portion of trabecula carnea cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a left ventricle [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:84430 uberon UBERON:0004526 cardiac muscle tissue of trabecula carnea of left ventricle - + - + true https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Inferring-part-of-relationships @@ -343608,7 +343609,7 @@ - + Any of the series of white matter fiber tracts in the brain that run between the most lateral segment of the lentiform nucleus and the claustrum; the white matter of the external capsule contains fibers known as corticocortical association fibers which are responsible for connecting the cerebral cortex to another cortical area; the capsule appears as a thin white sheet of white matter and provides a route for cholinergic fibers from the basal forebrain to the cerebral cortex; it eventually joins the internal capsule around the lentiform nucleus. brain external capsule external capsule @@ -343634,14 +343635,14 @@ external capsule of telencephalon http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/91/Telencephalon-Horiconatal.jpg - + - + FMA @@ -343689,7 +343690,7 @@ - + A zone of the ethmoid that is received into the ethmoidal notch of the frontal bone and roofs in the nasal cavities. [WP,modified]. BTO:0004141 EMAPA:19201 @@ -343707,14 +343708,14 @@ cribriform plate http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/93/Gray149.png - + - + MA @@ -343948,7 +343949,7 @@ - + @@ -343994,7 +343995,7 @@ gastroesophageal sphincter - + @@ -344006,7 +344007,7 @@ - + MA @@ -344327,7 +344328,7 @@ - + EMAPA:37229 FMA:22926 @@ -344343,14 +344344,14 @@ Some sources distinguish between the "proper palmar digital veins", which are more distal, and the "common palmar digital veins", which are more proximal. proper palmar digital vein - + - + FMA/obol @@ -345471,7 +345472,7 @@ - + The third of the seven cervical vertebrae[ncit,modified]. under discussion: whether to generalize this beyond mammals, making it purely order-defined elements are to be defined spatially/topologically. all mammals have 7 cervical vertebrae @@ -345495,14 +345496,14 @@ mammalian cervical vertebra 3 - + - + FMA @@ -345549,7 +345550,7 @@ - + The fourth of the seven cervical vertebrae[ncit,modified]. elements are to be defined spatially/topologically. all mammals have 7 cervical vertebrae @@ -345570,14 +345571,14 @@ mammalian cervical vertebra 4 - + - + FMA @@ -345624,7 +345625,7 @@ - + The fifth of the seven cervical vertebrae[ncit,modified]. elements are to be defined spatially/topologically. all mammals have 7 cervical vertebrae @@ -345645,14 +345646,14 @@ mammalian cervical vertebra 5 - + - + FMA @@ -345699,7 +345700,7 @@ - + The sixth of the seven cervical vertebrae[ncit,modified]. elements are to be defined spatially/topologically. all mammals have 7 cervical vertebrae @@ -345720,14 +345721,14 @@ mammalian cervical vertebra 6 - + - + FMA @@ -345774,7 +345775,7 @@ - + Vertebra prominens is the proper name for the seventh cervical vertebra. The most distinctive characteristic of this vertebra is the existence of a long and prominent spinous process which is palpable from the skin surface, hence the name. This spinous process is thick, nearly horizontal in direction, not bifurcated, but terminating in a tubercle to which the lower end of the ligamentum nuchae is attached. The seventh cervical vertebra (C7) has the most prominent spinous process only in about 70% of people; in the remainder, either C6 or T1 (the first thoracic vertebra) will be the most prominent. The transverse processes are of considerable size, their posterior roots are large and prominent, while the anterior are small and faintly marked; the upper surface of each has usually a shallow sulcus for the eighth spinal nerve, and its extremity seldom presents more than a trace of bifurcation. The foramen transversarium may be as large as that in the other cervical vertebrae, but is generally smaller on one or both sides; occasionally it is double, sometimes it is absent. On the left side it occasionally gives passage to the vertebral artery; more frequently the vertebral vein traverses it on both sides; but the usual arrangement is for both artery and vein to pass in front of the transverse process, and not through the foramen. Sometimes the anterior root of the transverse process attains a large size and exists as a separate bone, which is known as a cervical rib. elements are to be defined spatially/topologically. all mammals have 7 cervical vertebrae @@ -345798,14 +345799,14 @@ mammalian cervical vertebra 7 - + - + FMA @@ -345926,7 +345927,7 @@ - + The second lumbar vertebra counting from the top down. Note that members of this class are not necessarily homologous[ncit,modified]. elements are to be defined spatially/topologically @@ -345945,14 +345946,14 @@ lumbar vertebra 2 - + - + FMA @@ -345993,7 +345994,7 @@ - + The third lumbar vertebra counting from the top down. Note that members of this class are not necessarily homologous[ncit,modified]. elements are to be defined spatially/topologically @@ -346012,14 +346013,14 @@ lumbar vertebra 3 - + - + FMA @@ -346054,7 +346055,7 @@ - + The fourth lumbar vertebra counting from the top down. Note that members of this class are not necessarily homologous[ncit,modified]. elements are to be defined spatially/topologically @@ -346072,14 +346073,14 @@ lumbar vertebra 4 - + - + FMA @@ -346114,7 +346115,7 @@ - + The fifth lumbar vertebra counting from the top down. Note that members of this class are not necessarily homologous[ncit,modified]. elements are to be defined spatially/topologically @@ -346133,14 +346134,14 @@ lumbar vertebra 5 - + - + FMA @@ -346443,7 +346444,7 @@ - + The second thoracic vertebra counting from the top down. Note that members of this class are not necessarily homologous[ncit,modified]. elements are to be defined spatially/topologically @@ -346462,14 +346463,14 @@ thoracic vertebra 2 - + - + FMA @@ -346510,7 +346511,7 @@ - + The third thoracic vertebra counting from the top down. Note that members of this class are not necessarily homologous[ncit,modified]. elements are to be defined spatially/topologically @@ -346529,14 +346530,14 @@ thoracic vertebra 3 - + - + FMA @@ -346577,7 +346578,7 @@ - + The fourth thoracic vertebra counting from the top down. Note that members of this class are not necessarily homologous[ncit,modified]. elements are to be defined spatially/topologically @@ -346596,14 +346597,14 @@ thoracic vertebra 4 - + - + FMA @@ -346644,7 +346645,7 @@ - + The fifth thoracic vertebra counting from the top down. Note that members of this class are not necessarily homologous[ncit,modified]. elements are to be defined spatially/topologically @@ -346663,14 +346664,14 @@ thoracic vertebra 5 - + - + FMA @@ -346711,7 +346712,7 @@ - + The sixth thoracic vertebra counting from the top down. Note that members of this class are not necessarily homologous[ncit,modified]. elements are to be defined spatially/topologically @@ -346730,14 +346731,14 @@ thoracic vertebra 6 - + - + FMA @@ -346778,7 +346779,7 @@ - + The seventh thoracic vertebra counting from the top down. Note that members of this class are not necessarily homologous[ncit,modified]. elements are to be defined spatially/topologically @@ -346797,14 +346798,14 @@ thoracic vertebra 7 - + - + FMA @@ -346845,7 +346846,7 @@ - + The ninth thoracic vertebra counting from the top down. Note that members of this class are not necessarily homologous[ncit,modified]. elements are to be defined spatially/topologically @@ -346864,14 +346865,14 @@ thoracic vertebra 9 - + - + FMA @@ -346912,7 +346913,7 @@ - + The tenth thoracic vertebra counting from the top down. Note that members of this class are not necessarily homologous[ncit,modified]. elements are to be defined spatially/topologically @@ -346931,14 +346932,14 @@ thoracic vertebra 10 - + - + FMA @@ -346979,7 +346980,7 @@ - + The eleventh thoracic vertebra counting from the top down. Note that members of this class are not necessarily homologous[ncit,modified]. elements are to be defined spatially/topologically @@ -346998,14 +346999,14 @@ thoracic vertebra 11 - + - + FMA @@ -347046,7 +347047,7 @@ - + The twelfth thoracic vertebra counting from the top down. Note that members of this class are not necessarily homologous[ncit,modified]. elements are to be defined spatially/topologically @@ -347065,14 +347066,14 @@ thoracic vertebra 12 - + - + FMA @@ -347325,7 +347326,7 @@ - + @@ -347362,14 +347363,14 @@ renal afferent arteriole http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/02/Gray1128.png - + - + Wikipedia @@ -347439,7 +347440,7 @@ - + @@ -347470,14 +347471,14 @@ renal efferent arteriole http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/02/Gray1128.png - + - + Wikipedia @@ -347992,7 +347993,7 @@ - + @@ -348026,7 +348027,7 @@ liver lobule - + @@ -348039,7 +348040,7 @@ - + FMA MA @@ -348177,7 +348178,7 @@ - + @@ -348210,14 +348211,14 @@ sphenoid bone pterygoid process http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/35/Gray145.png - + - + FMA-abduced-lr @@ -348550,8 +348551,8 @@ - - + + The temporal process of the zygomatic bone, directed backward and medialward, is concave, presenting medially a rough, triangular area, for articulation with the maxilla, and laterally a smooth, concave surface, the upper part of which forms the anterior boundary of the temporal fossa, the lower a part of the infratemporal fossa. Near the center of this surface is the zygomaticotemporal foramen for the transmission of the zygomaticotemporal nerve. EMAPA:37807 @@ -348569,24 +348570,24 @@ temporal process of zygomatic bone http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/da/Gray166.png - + - + - + MA - + MA @@ -348636,8 +348637,8 @@ - - + + The zygomatic process of the temporal bone is a long, arched process projecting from the lower part of the squamous portion of the temporal bone. It articulates with the zygomatic bone. This process is at first directed lateralward, its two surfaces looking upward and downward; it then appears as if twisted inward upon itself, and runs forward, its surfaces now looking medialward and lateralward. UBERON:0004653 EMAPA:19015 @@ -348655,24 +348656,24 @@ zygomatic process of temporal bone http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/96/Gray137.png - + - + - + MA - + MA @@ -349327,7 +349328,7 @@ - + @@ -349359,14 +349360,14 @@ interventricular septum membranous part - + - + Wikipedia @@ -349730,7 +349731,7 @@ - + The portion of the frontal lobe medial to the medial orbital gyrus is named the gyrus rectus (or straight gyrus), and is continuous with the superior frontal gyrus on the medial surface. A specific function for the gyrus rectus has not yet been elucidated. BAMS:GRe @@ -349754,7 +349755,7 @@ https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/brain-female/v1.4/assets/3d-allen-f-brain.glb https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/brain-male/v1.4/assets/3d-allen-m-brain.glb - + @@ -349767,7 +349768,7 @@ - + FMA @@ -350314,8 +350315,8 @@ - - + + A triangular field that is a lateralward projection of the postero-lateral part of the anterior column[WP, modified by cjm]. TODO - check relationship to spinal cord lateral column. in FMA funiculus=white and horn=grep BIRNLEX:2666 @@ -350341,24 +350342,24 @@ spinal cord lateral horn http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e6/Gray675.png - + - + - + FMA - + FMA-abduced-lr @@ -350853,7 +350854,7 @@ - + Part of fornix adjacent to the crura where they join together at the midline underneath the corpus callosum. The columns (anterior pillars; fornicolumns) of the fornix arch downward in front of the interventricular foramen and behind the anterior commissure, and each descends through the gray substance in the lateral wall of the third ventricle to the base of the brain, where it ends in the corpus mammillare. [WP,unvetted][Wikipedia:Columns_of_fornix]. @@ -350882,14 +350883,14 @@ body of fornix http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/21/Gray747.png - + - + FMA NIF @@ -351103,7 +351104,7 @@ - + A transitional zone between the presubiculum and the entorhinal area in the mouse (Paxinos-2001), the rat (Swanson-1998) and the primate (Zilles-1990). Defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture, it is more similar to the presubiculum than to the entorhinal area (Zilles-1990). (from Brain Info). @@ -351128,14 +351129,14 @@ UBERON:0004683 parasubiculum - + - + NIFSTD @@ -351199,8 +351200,8 @@ - - + + The raphe nuclei are thin plates of cells in and immediately adjacent to the sagittal plane. BAMS:RA EMAPA:35721 @@ -351229,25 +351230,25 @@ raphe nuclei http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/94/Gray694.png - + - + - + GO Wikipedia - + Wikipedia @@ -351352,7 +351353,7 @@ - + @@ -351365,7 +351366,7 @@ - + @@ -351393,11 +351394,11 @@ gastro-splenic ligament http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8d/Gray1039.png - + - + @@ -351410,14 +351411,14 @@ - + FMA Wikipedia - + MA-modified Wikipedia @@ -351476,8 +351477,8 @@ - - + + @@ -351509,11 +351510,11 @@ Multiple sources support greater omentum assignment. E.g. http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/splenorenal+ligament. We change the MA part_of assignment to develops_from lieno-renal ligament - + - + @@ -351526,13 +351527,13 @@ - + FMA - + MA-modified @@ -351667,7 +351668,7 @@ - + The nasofrontal vein is a vein in the eye which drains to the superior ophthalmic vein. EMAPA:37227 @@ -351681,14 +351682,14 @@ naso-frontal vein - + - + FMA/obol @@ -351716,7 +351717,7 @@ - + A vein running parallel to the superior and inferior pancreatico-duodenal arteries that drains blood from the pancreas and duodenum into the superior mesenteric or portal veins. EMAPA:37177 FMA:15398 @@ -351734,14 +351735,14 @@ UBERON:0004690 pancreaticoduodenal vein - + - + FMA/obol @@ -352724,12 +352725,12 @@ - + - + @@ -352760,7 +352761,7 @@ - + @@ -352783,11 +352784,11 @@ paired limb/fin - + - + @@ -352800,13 +352801,13 @@ - + VSAO - + definitional @@ -352888,7 +352889,7 @@ - + @@ -352910,14 +352911,14 @@ pelvic appendage - + - + definitional @@ -352986,7 +352987,7 @@ - + @@ -353010,14 +353011,14 @@ pectoral appendage - + - + definitional @@ -354036,7 +354037,7 @@ - + @@ -354061,14 +354062,14 @@ crista ampullaris http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ec/Semicircular_canal_-_ampulla.png - + - + MA @@ -354325,7 +354326,7 @@ - + @@ -354371,14 +354372,14 @@ https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/brain-female/v1.4/assets/3d-allen-f-brain.glb https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/brain-male/v1.4/assets/3d-allen-m-brain.glb - + - + Wikipedia @@ -355317,8 +355318,8 @@ - - + + @@ -355333,25 +355334,25 @@ UBERON:0004737 metanephric collecting duct - + - + - + true https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Inferring-part-of-relationships - + Wikipedia-abduced @@ -355385,21 +355386,21 @@ - + Juxtaglomerular apparatus of the mature vertebrate kidney, or metanephros. juxtaglomerular apparatus of metanephros uberon UBERON:0004738 metanephric juxtaglomerular apparatus - + - + true https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Inferring-part-of-relationships @@ -355433,7 +355434,7 @@ - + The glomus forms from the splanchnic intermediate mesoderm and is the vascularized filtration unit, filtering the blood before it enters the tubules. The glomus is external to the nephron and extends over more than one body segment. a glomus differs from a glomerulus in that each vascular glomus services several tubules Paired highly vascularized portion of the pronephros. Left and right glomeruli are fused at the midline. Begins to function between 40 and 48hpf. Drummond, 2000.[TAO] @@ -355457,14 +355458,14 @@ UBERON:0004739 pronephric glomerulus - + - + XAO @@ -355758,15 +355759,15 @@ - + - - + + The dentary is a dermal bone that forms the antero-lateral part of the lower jaw in fishes and amphibians, extending to the whole lower jaw in mammals[VHOG,modified]. Dermal bone that is usually the anteriormost bone of the lower jaw, and that articulates with the angular, or anguloarticular bone, posteriorly, and carries part of the mandibular sensory canal and pore openings of the mandibular sensory canal on its lateral surface. The dentary is a paired bone.[TAO] Ossified element of intramembranous origin that invests the lateral margin of Meckel's cartilage thereby forming the lateral side of the mandible in anurans and salamanders (Duellman & Trueb, 1994:293). In caecilians, the dentary is part of a compound bone termed the pseudodentary.[AAO] @@ -355790,15 +355791,15 @@ dentary - + - + - + @@ -355811,7 +355812,7 @@ - + mandibular series ISBN:0073040584 ZFA @@ -355819,13 +355820,13 @@ - + EHDAA2 - + EHDAA2-modified @@ -356077,8 +356078,8 @@ - - + + TODO - resolve part_of relationships Dermal and endochondral compound bone that results from the fusion of the dermal angular and the endochondral articular and forms the posterior part of the lower jaw. It articulates with the dentary anteriorly and with the retroarticular postero-medially. The anguloarticular is paired.[TAO] Endochondral ossification of the posterior articular part of Meckel's cartilage.[AAO] @@ -356106,11 +356107,11 @@ articular/anguloarticular https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/98 - + - + @@ -356129,14 +356130,14 @@ - + ZFA-modifed cjm - + ZFA @@ -356261,9 +356262,9 @@ - - - + + + A tooth- or denticle-covered plate which is attached to the sphenoid stem[Palaeos]. Azygous, dermal bone of intramembranous origin that underlies the ventral surface of the braincase in anurans and salamanders. In caecilians, the parasphenoid and other bones are fused to form the Os basale.[AAO] Dermal bone that forms part of the base of the skull and the lateral walls of the braincase through its ascending processes. It may articulate with the vomer anteriorly, the prootics and exoccipitals laterally, and the basioccipital posteriorly. The parasphenoid is an elongate median bone.[TAO] @@ -356281,34 +356282,34 @@ UBERON:0004745 parasphenoid - + - + - + - + ZFA - + ZFA - + ZFA-modified @@ -356798,9 +356799,9 @@ - - - + + + Paired element that articulates anterioly with the basihyal and posteriorly with the ceratohyal hypohyals.[AAO] Replacement bone that is bilaterally paired and articulates with the anterior ceratohyal posteriorly.[TAO] relationship loss: part_of hyoid apparatus skeleton (AAO:0000682)[AAO] @@ -356812,15 +356813,15 @@ UBERON:0004751 hypohyal bone - + - + - + @@ -356833,19 +356834,19 @@ - + AAO - + TAO - + TAO @@ -356890,8 +356891,8 @@ - - + + The dorsal component of the mandibular arch. Column of catilage, remnant in the adult of the larval palatoquadrate cartilage, that is located lateral or antero-lateral to the auditory capsule.[AAO] AAO:0000379 @@ -356906,11 +356907,11 @@ UBERON:0004752 palatoquadrate cartilage - + - + @@ -356923,13 +356924,13 @@ - + AAO - + ZFA @@ -356979,7 +356980,7 @@ - + Skeletal element that consists of the scapula and the coracoid[VSAO, modified]. todo - decide whether to create separate classes for cartilage & ossified. Wikipedia considers this absent in Therians, but if considered as a grouping of scapula and coracoid then it would be present Fused, ossified portions of the scapula, procoracoid, and coracoid.[AAO] @@ -357000,14 +357001,14 @@ UBERON:0004753 scapulocoracoid - + - + VSAO @@ -357180,7 +357181,7 @@ - + A specialized form of connective tissue in which the extracellular matrix is firm, providing the tissue with resilience, and/or mineralized and that functions in mechanical and structural support.[VSAO]. A specialized form of connective tissue in which the extracellular matrix is firm, providing the tissue with resilience, and/or mineralized and that functions in mechanical and structural support.[VSAO] EMAPA:37744 @@ -357194,7 +357195,7 @@ Four classes of mineralized tissues are found in vertebrates: bone, cartilage, dentine, and enamel. We think of cartilage and bone as skeletal tissues and of enamel and dentine as dental tissues, but enamel and dentine arose evolutionarily together with bone as skeletal tissues in the dermal skeleton (exoskeleton) of early vertebrates. Scales and teeth of sharks are examples of dermal skeletal elements that are still composed of the three ancient components-enamel, dentine, and bone. Cartilage, on the other hand, provided the basis for the second vertebrate skeletal system, the endoskeleton (Smith and Hall, 1990; Hall, 1998a,b). some invertebrate skeletal tissues have surprisingly bone-like features. Examples include chondrocytes interconnected by cell processes in cephalopod cartilages (Cole and Hall, 2004a,b), and the calcium phosphate layer in the shells of brachiopods (Rodland et al., 2003). However, neither bone nor mineralized cartilage have been found in invertebrates. Editors notes: TODO - develops_from skeletal tissue - + @@ -357207,7 +357208,7 @@ - + 2012-08-14 VSAO:0000015 VSAO @@ -357546,7 +357547,7 @@ - + The primitive cartilagionous skeletal structure of the fetal skull that grows to envelop the rapidly growing embyonic brain. In humans, the chondrocranium begins forming at 28 days from mesenchymal condensations and is fully formed between week 7 and 9 of fetal development. While the majority of the chondrocranium is succeeded by the bony skull in most higher vertebrates, some components do persist into adulthood.[1] In Cartilagious fishes and Agnathans, the chondrocranium persist throughout life.[2] Embryologically, the chondrocranium represent the basal cranial structure, and lay the base for the formation of the endocranium in higher vertebrates[WP]. in contrast to chondrocranium, this structure is entirely cartiliginous. In Chondricthyes this is the same as the neurocranium. FMA:76621 is an undefined fetal structure, so we assume the correct placement is here. Note that this is distinct from MA:0000317 which is the uberon:neurocranium (the part of the cranium that encloses the brain) AAO:0000094 @@ -357567,7 +357568,7 @@ UBERON:0004761 cartilaginous neurocranium - + @@ -357580,7 +357581,7 @@ - + PMC1571569 @@ -357749,7 +357750,7 @@ - + Organ consisting of skeletal tissue. Encompasses whole bones, fused bones, cartilaginious elements, teeth, dermal denticles. Organ entity that is typically involved in mechanical support and may have different skeletal tissue compositions at different stages.[VSAO] Organ entity that may have different tissue compositions at different stages and is typically involved in mechanical support.[TAO] @@ -357765,14 +357766,14 @@ skeletal element - + - + VSAO @@ -358007,7 +358008,7 @@ - + @@ -358046,14 +358047,14 @@ UBERON:0004770 articular system - + - + FMA @@ -358230,7 +358231,7 @@ - + @@ -358255,7 +358256,7 @@ eyelid tarsus - + @@ -358268,7 +358269,7 @@ - + cjm @@ -358834,7 +358835,7 @@ - + A lamina propria that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:37576 MA:0001821 @@ -358849,14 +358850,14 @@ UBERON:0004779 respiratory system lamina propria - + - + true https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Inferring-part-of-relationships @@ -358932,7 +358933,7 @@ - + A lamina propria that is part of a gastrointestinal system. MA:0001899 NCIT:C49299 @@ -358941,14 +358942,14 @@ UBERON:0004780 gastrointestinal system lamina propria - + - + true https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Inferring-part-of-relationships @@ -358983,7 +358984,7 @@ - + A lamina propria that is part of a gallbladder [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:35371 FMA:278594 @@ -359002,14 +359003,14 @@ UBERON:0004781 gallbladder lamina propria - + - + true https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Inferring-part-of-relationships @@ -359603,10 +359604,10 @@ - - - - + + + + A mucosa that is part of a gastrointestinal system. BTO:0000546 BTO:0005568 @@ -359622,44 +359623,44 @@ The gut mucosa of amphioxus has insulin-secreting cells. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16417468 gastrointestinal system mucosa - + - + - + - + - + PMID:16417468 - + PMID:16417468 - + PMID:16417468 - + BTO-modified @@ -360052,13 +360053,13 @@ - + - + @@ -360081,14 +360082,14 @@ thymus trabecula - + - + MA @@ -362656,8 +362657,8 @@ - - + + @@ -362689,11 +362690,11 @@ pulmonary alveolus epithelium - + - + @@ -362706,13 +362707,13 @@ - + FMA - + FMA @@ -363615,7 +363616,7 @@ - + An endothelium of artery that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:37566 @@ -363636,14 +363637,14 @@ respiratory system arterial endothelium - + - + true https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Inferring-part-of-relationships @@ -364727,9 +364728,9 @@ - - - + + + Dermal bone that covers the otic region and may articulate with its antimere medially, with the frontal bone anteriorly, the pterotic laterally, the supraoccipital medio-posteriorly, and the epiotic and extrascapula latero-posteriorly. The parietal is a paired bone.[TAO]. Dermal bone that covers the otic region and may articulate with its antimere medially, with the frontal bone anteriorly, the pterotic laterally, the supraoccipital medio-posteriorly, and the epiotic and extrascapula latero-posteriorly. The parietal is a paired bone.[TAO] relationship loss: overlaps frontal-parietal joint (TAO:0005255)[TAO] @@ -364749,34 +364750,34 @@ UBERON:0004865 actinopterygian parietal bone - + - + - + - + ZFA - + ZFA - + PMID:11523816 @@ -364880,9 +364881,9 @@ - - - + + + Dermal bone that bears part of the supraorbital canal and usually covers a large area of the neurocranium occupying part of the ethmoidal, orbitosphenoid, and otic regions. Commonly, the frontal bone articulates with its antimere medially, with lateral ethmoid, orbitosphenoid and pterosphenoid ventrolaterally, with supraorbital bone(s), autosphenotic and pterotic laterally, and with parietal posteriorly.[TAO]. Dermal bone that bears part of the supraorbital canal and usually covers a large area of the neurocranium occupying part of the ethmoidal, orbitosphenoid, and otic regions. Commonly, the frontal bone articulates with its antimere medially, with lateral ethmoid, orbitosphenoid and pterosphenoid ventrolaterally, with supraorbital bone(s), autosphenotic and pterotic laterally, and with parietal posteriorly.[TAO] relationship loss: overlaps frontal-parietal joint (TAO:0005255)[TAO] @@ -364902,15 +364903,15 @@ UBERON:0004866 actinopterygian frontal bone - + - + - + @@ -364923,19 +364924,19 @@ - + ZFA - + PMID:11523816 - + ZFA-modified @@ -365142,7 +365143,7 @@ - + A part of the epithalamus present in some animal species. The eye may be photoreceptive and is usually associated with the pineal gland, regulating circadian rhythmicity and hormone production for thermoregulation. The parietal eye is a part of the epithalamus, which can be divided into two major parts; the epiphysis (the pineal organ, or pineal gland if mostly endocrine) and the parietal organ (often called the parietal eye, or third eye if it is photoreceptive). It arises as an anterior evagination of the pineal organ or as a separate outgrowth of the roof of the diencephalon. In some species, it protrudes through the skull.[4] The parietal eye uses a different biochemical method of detecting light than rod cells or cone cells in a normal vertebrate eye[WP]. @@ -365153,7 +365154,7 @@ UBERON:0004869 parietal organ - + @@ -365166,7 +365167,7 @@ - + cjm @@ -365364,7 +365365,7 @@ - + @@ -365387,14 +365388,14 @@ splanchnopleure http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/28/Gray16.png - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -365422,7 +365423,7 @@ - + @@ -365445,14 +365446,14 @@ somatopleure http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/28/Gray16.png - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -365518,9 +365519,9 @@ - - - + + + @@ -365541,34 +365542,34 @@ urogenital fold - + - + - + - + EHDAA2 - + Wikipedia - + EHDAA2 @@ -366831,7 +366832,7 @@ - + The fetal urogenital sinus (from which the prostate derives) is a simple cylinder of stratified basal epithelium, surrounded by mesenchyme and positioned between the embryonic bladder and pelvic urethra. we follow EHDAA2 in dividing the UGS into epithelium and lumen EHDAA2:0004061 @@ -366842,14 +366843,14 @@ UBERON:0004902 urogenital sinus epithelium - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -367363,8 +367364,8 @@ - - + + EHDAA2:0000171 EMAPA:16561 EMAPA_RETIRED:16565 @@ -367375,11 +367376,11 @@ biliary bud http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4f/Gray1088.png - + - + @@ -367392,13 +367393,13 @@ - + EHDAA2 - + EHDAA2-modified @@ -367755,8 +367756,8 @@ - - + + A urethral sphincter muscle which constricts the internal urethral orifice. It is the junction of the urethra with the urinary bladder. The muscle is made of smooth muscle, so therefore it is under involuntary control. It is kept tonically contracted by the sympathetic nervous system and during micturition, is relaxed via the parasympathetic nervous system. This is the primary muscle for preventing the release of urine[WP]. FMA:45769 SCTID:277856008 @@ -367775,25 +367776,25 @@ internal urethral sphincter http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/ba/Gray407.png - + - + - + Sympathetics from L1-L2 through lumbar splanchnic and hypogastric/pelvic plexus dbpedia - + Sympathetics from L1-L2 through lumbar splanchnic and hypogastric/pelvic plexus dbpedia @@ -367853,8 +367854,8 @@ - - + + EMAPA:37790 FMA:85274 MA:0002401 @@ -367877,25 +367878,25 @@ http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/70/Gray1166.png http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d7/Gray1142.png - + - + - + Junction of the inferior rami of the pubis and ischium to the extent of 1.25 to 2 cm. dbpedia - + Junction of the inferior rami of the pubis and ischium to the extent of 1.25 to 2 cm. dbpedia @@ -368053,7 +368054,7 @@ - + @@ -368106,14 +368107,14 @@ postnatal subventricular zone - + - + GO @@ -369488,7 +369489,7 @@ - + The submucous layer of the wall of the urinary bladder. BTO:0002117 @@ -369507,14 +369508,14 @@ submucosa of urinary bladder - + - + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Inferring-part-of-relationships @@ -370277,7 +370278,7 @@ - + A mucosa that is part of a ureter [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:15894 SCTID:40476001 @@ -370298,14 +370299,14 @@ UBERON:0004980 mucosa of ureter - + - + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Inferring-part-of-relationships @@ -372843,7 +372844,7 @@ - + A mucosa that is part of a pyloric antrum [Automatically generated definition]. BTO:0004107 FMA:17055 @@ -372876,14 +372877,14 @@ UBERON:0004997 mucosa of pyloric antrum - + - + BTO @@ -380626,7 +380627,7 @@ - + @@ -380650,7 +380651,7 @@ gizzard - + @@ -380663,7 +380664,7 @@ - + Wikipedia @@ -380776,7 +380777,7 @@ - + A nerve cord in the dorsal mid-line that is the most prominent nerve cord. BTO:0002329 @@ -380787,14 +380788,14 @@ UBERON:0005054 primary dorsal nerve cord - + - + http://tolweb.org/Chordata/2499 @@ -381177,31 +381178,31 @@ - - + + Missing definition for term UBERON:0005063. Please replace it using linked reference. uberon UBERON:0005063 left ventricular compact myocardium - + - + - + GO - + true https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Inferring-part-of-relationships @@ -381229,20 +381230,20 @@ - + Missing definition for term UBERON:0005064. Please replace it using linked reference. uberon UBERON:0005064 left ventricular trabecular myocardium - + - + GO @@ -381269,31 +381270,31 @@ - - + + Missing definition for term UBERON:0005065. Please replace it using linked reference. uberon UBERON:0005065 right ventricular compact myocardium - + - + - + GO - + true https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Inferring-part-of-relationships @@ -381321,20 +381322,20 @@ - + Missing definition for term UBERON:0005066. Please replace it using linked reference. uberon UBERON:0005066 right ventricular trabecular myocardium - + - + GO @@ -381625,7 +381626,7 @@ - + @@ -381651,14 +381652,14 @@ UBERON:0005075 forebrain-midbrain boundary - + - + definitional @@ -382091,7 +382092,7 @@ - + @@ -382110,14 +382111,14 @@ UBERON:0005086 hair follicle placode - + - + Wikipathways:WP2062 @@ -382175,7 +382176,7 @@ - + @@ -382199,7 +382200,7 @@ UBERON:0005087 tooth placode - + @@ -382212,7 +382213,7 @@ - + check for other species Wikipedia:Tooth_development @@ -382286,7 +382287,7 @@ - + @@ -382299,7 +382300,7 @@ UBERON:0005088 sebaceous gland placode - + @@ -382312,7 +382313,7 @@ - + Wikipathways:WP2062 @@ -382340,7 +382341,7 @@ - + @@ -382353,7 +382354,7 @@ UBERON:0005089 sweat gland placode - + @@ -382366,7 +382367,7 @@ - + Wikipathways:WP2062 @@ -382609,7 +382610,7 @@ - + Missing definition for term UBERON:0005095. Please replace it using linked reference. class added for consistency with GO - consider merging with kidney mesenchyme. uberon @@ -382617,14 +382618,14 @@ UBERON:0005095 kidney rudiment - + - + GO @@ -382740,7 +382741,7 @@ - + The connecting tubule is a tubular segment of the nephron; it connects the distal convoluted tubule to the collecting duct[GO]. BTO:0004539 @@ -382758,14 +382759,14 @@ renal connecting tubule http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/02/Gray1128.png - + - + Wikipedia @@ -383178,8 +383179,8 @@ - - + + A metanephric nephron is the functional unit of the metanephros[GO]. The primitive form of the vertebrate nephron consists of a vascular filtration surface overlain with podocytes, a specialized coelomic cavity to receive the ultrafiltrate, and a tubule for modification to final urine. Although previously thought to be unique to the vertebrates, this design is now known to be widespread among invertebrates, including most of the protochordates, and especially their larvae.[well established][VHOG] UBERON:0005142 @@ -383188,25 +383189,25 @@ UBERON:0005110 metanephric nephron - + - + - + Wikipedia Wikipedia:Nephron - + Bgee:AN @@ -383279,20 +383280,20 @@ - + EHDAA2:0001140 uberon UBERON:0005113 metanephric cortex mesenchyme - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -383314,20 +383315,20 @@ - + The metanephric ascending thin limb is a segment of a nephron tubule in the metanephros lying in the inner medulla that is permeable to ions but not to water and has a simple epithelium; active transepithelial solute transport is absent[GO]. uberon UBERON:0005114 metanephric ascending thin limb - + - + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Inferring-part-of-relationships @@ -383355,32 +383356,32 @@ - - + + The metanephric cortical collecting duct is the portion of the metanephric collecting duct that resides in the renal cortex[GO]. uberon UBERON:0005115 metanephric cortical collecting duct - + - + - + true https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Inferring-part-of-relationships - + true https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Inferring-part-of-relationships @@ -383409,20 +383410,20 @@ - + It extends to the tip of the metanephric loop of Henle[GO]. uberon UBERON:0005116 metanephric descending thin limb - + - + true https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Inferring-part-of-relationships @@ -383451,21 +383452,21 @@ - + The metanephric distal convoluted tubule is a portion of the metanephric nephron tubule that connects the metanephric loop of Henle to the collecting duct[GO]. VHOG:0001569 uberon UBERON:0005117 metanephric distal convoluted tubule - + - + true https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Inferring-part-of-relationships @@ -383494,32 +383495,32 @@ - - + + The metanephric early distal convoluted tubule contains metanephric DCT cells and is vasopressin-insensitive[GO]. uberon UBERON:0005118 metanephric early distal convoluted tubule - + - + - + true https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Inferring-part-of-relationships - + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Inferring-part-of-relationships @@ -383546,20 +383547,20 @@ - + The metanephric glomerular mesangium is the thin membrane connective tissue composed of mesangial cells in the metanephros, which helps to support the capillary loops in a renal glomerulus[GO]. uberon UBERON:0005119 metanephric glomerular mesangium - + - + true https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Inferring-part-of-relationships @@ -383588,32 +383589,32 @@ - - + + The metanephric late distal convoluted tubule contains metanephric DCT cells and intercalated (IC) alpha and beta cells and is vasopressin-sensitive[GO]. uberon UBERON:0005120 metanephric late distal convoluted tubule - + - + - + true https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Inferring-part-of-relationships - + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Inferring-part-of-relationships @@ -383677,20 +383678,20 @@ - + The metanephric macula densa is an area of specialized cells in the distal tubule of the metanephros that makes contact with the vascular pole of the glomerulus[GO]. uberon UBERON:0005122 metanephric macula densa - + - + true https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Inferring-part-of-relationships @@ -383719,20 +383720,20 @@ - + The metanephric prebend segment is a part of the metanephric descending thin limb that lies before the bend and exhibits permeabilities characteristic of the ascending limb, especially negligible water permeability[GO]. uberon UBERON:0005123 metanephric prebend segment - + - + true https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Inferring-part-of-relationships @@ -383761,21 +383762,21 @@ - + The metanephric proximal convoluted tubule is the most proximal portion of the metanephric proximal tubule and extends from the metanephric glomerular capsule to the metanephric proximal straight tubule[GO]. VHOG:0001570 uberon UBERON:0005124 metanephric proximal convoluted tubule - + - + true https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Inferring-part-of-relationships @@ -383804,21 +383805,21 @@ - + The metanephric proximal straight tubule is the part of the metanephric descending limb that extends from the metanephric proximal convoluted tubule to the metanephric descending thin tubule[GO]. TODO - place mammalian xrefs here rather than at parent uberon UBERON:0005125 metanephric proximal straight tubule - + - + true https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Inferring-part-of-relationships @@ -383846,20 +383847,20 @@ - + The S1 portion is the initial portion of the metanephric proximal convoluted tubule and is responsible for avid reabsorption of water and solutes[GO]. uberon UBERON:0005126 metanephric S1 - + - + true https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Inferring-part-of-relationships @@ -384034,21 +384035,21 @@ - + The metanephric glomerulus vasculature is composed of the tubule structures that carry blood or lymph in the metanephric glomerulus[GO]. UBERON:0005143 uberon UBERON:0005133 metanephric glomerulus vasculature - + - + true https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Inferring-part-of-relationships @@ -384077,20 +384078,20 @@ - + The metanephric nephron epithelium is a tissue that covers the surface of a nephron in the metanephros[GO]. uberon UBERON:0005134 metanephric nephron epithelium - + - + true https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Inferring-part-of-relationships @@ -384119,20 +384120,20 @@ - + A metanephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell is a specialized epithelial cell that contains 'feet' that interdigitate with the 'feet' of other glomerular epithelial cells in the metanephros[GO]. uberon UBERON:0005135 metanephric glomerular epithelium - + - + true https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Inferring-part-of-relationships @@ -384161,20 +384162,20 @@ - + The metanephric glomerular endothelium is an epithelial tissue that covers the internal surfaces of the glomerulus of the metanephros[GO]. uberon UBERON:0005136 metanephric glomerular endothelium - + - + true https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Inferring-part-of-relationships @@ -384342,32 +384343,32 @@ - - + + This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts[GO]. uberon UBERON:0005144 metanephric glomerular capillary - + - + - + true https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Inferring-part-of-relationships - + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Inferring-part-of-relationships @@ -384431,7 +384432,7 @@ - + A metanephric nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the metanephric nephron, the functional part of the metanephros[GO]. UBERON:0005128 UBERON:0005152 @@ -384439,14 +384440,14 @@ UBERON:0005146 metanephric nephron tubule - + - + ISBN:9780878932504 @@ -384474,7 +384475,7 @@ - + @@ -384490,14 +384491,14 @@ UBERON:0005147 metanephric renal vesicle - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -384524,20 +384525,20 @@ - + The metanephric S-shaped body is the successor of the metanephric comma-shaped body that contributes to the morphogenesis of a nephron in the metanephros[GO]. uberon UBERON:0005148 metanephric S-shaped body - + - + true https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Inferring-part-of-relationships @@ -384606,21 +384607,21 @@ - + The metanephric proximal tubule is a metanephric nephron tubule that connects Bowman's capsule to the descending thin limb of the loop of Henle in the metanephros. It has a brush border epithelial morphology[GO]. UBERON:0005131 uberon UBERON:0005151 metanephric proximal tubule - + - + true https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Inferring-part-of-relationships @@ -384976,7 +384977,7 @@ - + Pelvic spurs are the externally visible portion of the vestigial remnants of legs found on each side of the vent in primitive snakes, such as boas and pythons. The remnants of a pelvis and femur, which have no connection with the spine, simply 'float' in the muscle mass. The femur protrudes from the snake's body and is covered by a corneal spur, which resembles a claw. Males' spurs are generally longer and more pointed than females', and are used for clasping and tickling during courtship and mating, as well as combat with other males in some species. this class refers to the external portion and its corneal covering rather than the combined pelvis plus femur. Wikipedia:Pelvic_spur @@ -384986,14 +384987,14 @@ UBERON:0005161 pelvic spur - + - + Wikipedia @@ -386219,7 +386220,7 @@ - + An artery in males that provides blood to the vas deferens. The artery usually arises from the anterior trunk of the superior vesical artery. It accompanies the vas deferens into the testis, where it anastomoses with the testicular artery. In this way it also supplies blood to the testis and epididymis. A small branch supplies the ureter[WP]. EMAPA:37513 @@ -386236,14 +386237,14 @@ deferent duct artery - + - + Wikipedia @@ -386293,7 +386294,7 @@ - + One of: anterior or posterior ethmoidal arteries. EMAPA:37081 MA:0001949 @@ -386307,7 +386308,7 @@ ethmoidal artery - + @@ -386320,7 +386321,7 @@ - + FMA-abduced @@ -386451,7 +386452,7 @@ - + @@ -386474,14 +386475,14 @@ spleen germinal center - + - + CL:tm @@ -386523,8 +386524,8 @@ - - + + TODO - check EHDAA:3778 EMAPA:16990 @@ -386536,11 +386537,11 @@ UBERON:0005197 segmental spinal nerve - + - + @@ -386553,13 +386554,13 @@ - + EHDAA2 - + EHDAA2 @@ -386635,7 +386636,7 @@ - + A lactiferous gland that is located in the thoracic region/breast. Most primates have one pair of mammary glands, which are thoracic. @@ -386655,14 +386656,14 @@ thoracic mammary gland - + - + BTO @@ -386716,13 +386717,13 @@ - + - - + + A macula densa that is part of an ascending limb of loop of Henle [Automatically generated definition]. TODO - unify terminology - check DST = TAL? Note EMAPA class appears to refer to this segment MA:0002604 @@ -386730,24 +386731,24 @@ UBERON:0005202 distal straight tubule macula densa - + - + - + MA - + MA @@ -387116,7 +387117,7 @@ - + @@ -387138,14 +387139,14 @@ UBERON:0005211 renal medulla interstitium - + - + MA @@ -387285,13 +387286,13 @@ - + - - + + A portion of interstitial tissue that is part of a outer medulla of kidney [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:28337 MA:0002621 @@ -387301,24 +387302,24 @@ UBERON:0005213 outer renal medulla interstitium - + - + - + MA - + MA @@ -387349,13 +387350,13 @@ - + - - + + A portion of interstitial tissue that is part of a inner medulla of kidney [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:28364 MA:0002620 @@ -387366,24 +387367,24 @@ UBERON:0005214 inner renal medulla interstitium - + - + - + MA - + MA @@ -387921,7 +387922,7 @@ - + An epithelium that is part of a hindlimb stylopod [Automatically generated definition]. EHDAA2:0002131 EMAPA:17500 @@ -387930,14 +387931,14 @@ UBERON:0005225 upper leg epithelium - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -387971,7 +387972,7 @@ - + An epithelium that is part of a toe [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:32946 VHOG:0001031 @@ -387982,7 +387983,7 @@ UBERON:0005226 pedal digit epithelium - + @@ -387995,7 +387996,7 @@ - + EHDAA2 @@ -388043,7 +388044,7 @@ - + An epithelium that is part of a finger [Automatically generated definition]. EHDAA2:0000406 EMAPA:32647 @@ -388055,14 +388056,14 @@ UBERON:0005227 manual digit epithelium - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -388109,7 +388110,7 @@ - + An epithelium that is part of a forelimb stylopod [Automatically generated definition]. EHDAA2:0002113 EMAPA:17425 @@ -388118,14 +388119,14 @@ UBERON:0005228 upper arm epithelium - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -388158,7 +388159,7 @@ - + An epithelium that is part of a lower leg [Automatically generated definition]. EHDAA2:0001031 EMAPA:17497 @@ -388167,14 +388168,14 @@ UBERON:0005229 lower leg epithelium - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -388981,7 +388982,7 @@ - + @@ -389003,14 +389004,14 @@ UBERON:0005252 lesser sac cavity - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -389080,7 +389081,7 @@ - + Portion of primordial embryonic connective tissue of the developing head, consisting of mesenchymal cells supported in interlaminar jelly, that derive mostly from the mesoderm and contribute to head connective tissue, bone and musculature in conjunction with cranial neural crest cells. Mesoderm that will give rise, along with cranial neural crest cells, to connective tissue, bone and musculature in the head. (Source: BioGlossary, www.Biology-Text.com)[TAO] EFO:0003492 @@ -389102,14 +389103,14 @@ head mesenchyme - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -389211,7 +389212,7 @@ - + Mesenchyme that is part of a developing toe [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:32947 VHOG:0000463 @@ -389224,14 +389225,14 @@ UBERON:0005255 pedal digit mesenchyme - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -389295,7 +389296,7 @@ - + Mesenchyme that is part of a developing trunk. EFO:0003485 EHDAA2:0002092 @@ -389311,14 +389312,14 @@ trunk mesenchyme - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -389712,7 +389713,7 @@ - + @@ -389736,14 +389737,14 @@ renal cortex artery - + - + MA @@ -389789,7 +389790,7 @@ - + @@ -389812,14 +389813,14 @@ renal cortex vein - + - + MA @@ -389850,13 +389851,13 @@ - + - - + + @@ -389882,24 +389883,24 @@ UBERON:0005270 renal cortex interstitium - + - + - + MA - + MA @@ -389933,7 +389934,7 @@ - + The part of the renal cortex nearest to the medulla. EMAPA:37623 @@ -389948,14 +389949,14 @@ juxtamedullary cortex - + - + FMA KUPO @@ -390002,7 +390003,7 @@ - + The tiny blood vessels that receive blood from the efferent arterioles of the glomerulus, and interact with superficial cortical nephrons allowing reabsorption and secretion between blood and the inner lumen of the nephron; peritubular capillaries are situated around the tubule and are at low pressure. EMAPA:36558 @@ -390014,14 +390015,14 @@ peritubular capillary - + - + Wikipedia @@ -390081,21 +390082,21 @@ - + EMAPA:37509 MA:0002709 uberon UBERON:0005274 proximal nail bed - + - + MA @@ -390455,7 +390456,7 @@ - + @@ -390484,14 +390485,14 @@ tela choroidea - + - + FMA @@ -390861,7 +390862,7 @@ - + The posterior part of the developing vertebrate hindbrain or the corresponding part of the adult brain composed of the medulla oblongata and a portion of the fourth ventricle; as well as the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX), vagus nerve (CN X), accessory nerve (CN XI), hypoglossal nerve (CN XII), and a portion of the vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII).[BTO,WP]. The posterior of the two brain vesicles formed by specialization of the rhombencephalon in the developing embryo, it comprises the medulla oblongata. [TFD][VHOG] @@ -390886,14 +390887,14 @@ myelencephalon http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/54/EmbryonicBrain.svg - + - + definitional @@ -391306,7 +391307,7 @@ - + The testis cords are precursors to the rete testis. They play several different roles in the development of the male genitals[WP]. TODO - check primary vs testis EHDAA2:0002011 @@ -391323,14 +391324,14 @@ testis sex cord - + - + Bgee:AN @@ -391732,8 +391733,8 @@ - - + + @@ -391762,24 +391763,24 @@ submucous nerve plexus - + - + - + FMA-modified - + FMA-modified @@ -392079,13 +392080,13 @@ - + - + The pronephric nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the pronephric nephron and connects the filtration unit (glomerulus or glomus) of the pronephros to the pronephric duct[GO]. Bilaterally paired tubes connecting the pronephric glomeruli to the pronephric ducts. In zebrafish and other teleosts, the pronephric nephron and tubules form after the pronephric duct, connecting to the anterior-most tip of the pronephric ducts. Drummond, 2000.[TAO] @@ -392098,14 +392099,14 @@ UBERON:0005310 pronephric nephron tubule - + - + GO @@ -392148,8 +392149,8 @@ - - + + The mammary placode is a transient lens shaped structure that will give rise to the mammary bud proper[GO]. TODO develops_from in mouse, five pairs of symmetrically positioned mammary placodes (three thoracic and two inguinal) form at reproducible locations along the mammary line at E11.5; the individual pairs develop asynchronously and in a distinct order; pair 3 is first, followed by pair 4, then by pairs 1 and 5 (which develop together), and finally by pair 2; the orientation of placodal cells is not uniform, suggesting that placodes are formed by migration of cells from the mammary line; between E11.5 and E12.5, each mammary placode expands and invaginates into the underlying mesenchyme to form an early bulb-shaped mammary bud[MP] @@ -392159,11 +392160,11 @@ UBERON:0005311 mammary placode - + - + @@ -392176,13 +392177,13 @@ - + PMID:20484386 - + Stedmans @@ -392416,7 +392417,7 @@ - + The collecting duct is the final common path through which urine flows before entering the ureter and then emptying into the bladder[GO]. AAO:0010390 XAO:0000151 @@ -392424,14 +392425,14 @@ UBERON:0005319 mesonephric collecting duct - + - + true https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Inferring-part-of-relationships @@ -392537,7 +392538,7 @@ - + A nephron that is part of a mesonephros. The structure that is the basic functional unit of the kidney.[AAO] AAO:0010387 @@ -392549,14 +392550,14 @@ UBERON:0005322 mesonephric nephron - + - + XAO @@ -392640,20 +392641,20 @@ - + The mesonephric macula densa is an area of specialized cells in the distal tubule of the mesonephros that makes contact with the vascular pole of the glomerulus[GO]. uberon UBERON:0005324 mesonephric macula densa - + - + true https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Inferring-part-of-relationships @@ -392756,20 +392757,20 @@ - + The mesonephric glomerulus vasculature is composed of the tubule structures that carry blood or lymph in the mesonephric glomerulus[GO]. uberon UBERON:0005326 mesonephric glomerulus vasculature - + - + true https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Inferring-part-of-relationships @@ -392798,20 +392799,20 @@ - + A mesonephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell is a specialized epithelial cell that contains 'feet' that interdigitate with the 'feet' of other glomerular epithelial cells in the mesonephros[GO]. uberon UBERON:0005327 mesonephric glomerular epithelium - + - + true https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Inferring-part-of-relationships @@ -392902,20 +392903,20 @@ - + The mesonephric nephron epithelium is a tissue that covers the surface of a nephron in the mesonephros[GO]. uberon UBERON:0005330 mesonephric nephron epithelium - + - + true https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Inferring-part-of-relationships @@ -392944,7 +392945,7 @@ - + @@ -392959,14 +392960,14 @@ UBERON:0005331 mesonephric renal vesicle - + - + ZFA @@ -393128,7 +393129,7 @@ - + The chorioallantoic membrane is a vascular membrane found in eggs of some amniotes, such as birds and reptiles. It is formed by the fusion of the mesodermal layers of two developmental structures: the allantois and the chorion. Three different layers compose the chorioallantoic membrane; these are called the chorionic epithelium, the mesenchyme and the allantoic epithelium. Blood capillaries and sinuses are found between epithelial cells of the chorionic layer, allowing close contact (within 0.2 N<m) with air found in pores of the shell membrane of the egg. As a result, the chorioallantoic membrane allows exchange of gases, such as oxygen, to developing embryos. During embryonic development of birds, the chorioallantoic membrane also plays an essential role in bone formation by transporting calcium into the embryo from the eggshell. Chorioalloantoic membranes from developing chicken eggs are routinely used in biological and biomedical research to investigate development, angiogenesis, tumors, and to propagate and investigate viruses or helminths. respiratory membrane @@ -393143,14 +393144,14 @@ chorioallantoic membrane https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f8/Smallpox_CAM.png - + - + Hymans @@ -393199,7 +393200,7 @@ - + @@ -393223,14 +393224,14 @@ capillary layer of choroid - + - + overlaps via basement membrane. consider also adjacency Wikipedia:Bruch's_membrane @@ -393503,7 +393504,7 @@ - + The outer neural tube region in which post-mitotic neuroblasts migrate along radial glia to form the adult cortical layers[MP]. A single stem cell in the ventricular layer can give rise to neurons (and glial cells) in any of the cortical layers (Walsh and Cepko 1988)[NCBIBook:NBK10047] in humans develops into cortical layers II-VI @@ -393525,14 +393526,14 @@ cortical plate - + - + NCBIBook:NBK10047 @@ -394716,8 +394717,8 @@ - - + + A pouch of ectoderm that grows out from the upper surface of the embryonic stomodeum and gives rise to the anterior and intermediate lobes of the pituitary gland[MP]. In embryogenesis, Rathke's pouch is a depression in the roof of the developing mouth in front of the buccopharyngeal membrane. It gives rise to the anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis), a part of the endocrine system[WP]. A depression that forms in the roof of the mouth of an embryo, anterior to the buccopharyngeal membrane. The walls of the diverticulum develop into the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. [TFD][VHOG] @@ -394756,11 +394757,11 @@ Rathke's pouch - + - + @@ -394773,13 +394774,13 @@ - + MP - + NCBIBook:NBK53175 @@ -395469,8 +395470,8 @@ - - + + The large group of sensory neuron cell bodies, anterior to the jugular vein, associated with the vagus nerve (tenth cranial nerve). These (the epibranchial placodes) are focal thickenings of the embryonic ectoderm that form immediately dorsal and caudal of the clefts between the pharyngeal arches in all vertebrates, and they produce the neuroblasts which migrate and condense to form the distal cranial ganglia: the geniculate, petrosal and nodose ganglia. (...) The one substantial difference between the vertebrate pharyngeal arches and those of the protochordates is the presence of the epibranchial placodes but the evolution of these structures was undoubtedly driven by the endoderm.[well established][VHOG] @@ -395504,24 +395505,24 @@ inferior vagus X ganglion - + - + - + EHDAA2 - + EHDAA2 @@ -396177,7 +396178,7 @@ - + @@ -396209,14 +396210,14 @@ spinal cord dorsal column - + - + Wikipedia @@ -396274,7 +396275,7 @@ - + @@ -396296,14 +396297,14 @@ spinal cord lateral column - + - + checkme @@ -396741,7 +396742,7 @@ - + @@ -396783,14 +396784,14 @@ UBERON:0005382 dorsal striatum - + - + NIFSTD @@ -396878,7 +396879,7 @@ - + @@ -396932,14 +396933,14 @@ caudate-putamen - + - + MA @@ -397268,7 +397269,7 @@ - + One of the small globular masses of dense neuropil in the olfactory bulb, containing the first synapse in the olfactory pathway[BTO]. Multi-tissue structure part of the olfactory bulb that is roughly spheroidal and encircled by olfactory sensory neuron axons that formed an anatomically distinct stalk connected to the olfactory nerve[ZFA]. UBERON:0011916 @@ -397283,14 +397284,14 @@ UBERON:0005387 olfactory glomerulus - + - + ZFA @@ -397424,7 +397425,7 @@ - + The most superficial layer of the neocortex characterized by a paucity of cell bodies. ABA:CTX1 BTO:0004906 @@ -397454,14 +397455,14 @@ UBERON:0005390 cortical layer I - + - + NBK10047 @@ -397564,7 +397565,7 @@ - + Layer of neocortex lying just deep to molecular layer characterized by numerous small cell bodies. ABA:CTX2 EMAPA:35256 @@ -397593,14 +397594,14 @@ UBERON:0005391 cortical layer II - + - + BRAINSPAN @@ -397690,7 +397691,7 @@ - + Layer of neocortex lying deep to the external granule cell layer defined cytoarchitecturally by numerous small pyramidal neurons. ABA:CTX3 EMAPA:35257 @@ -397721,14 +397722,14 @@ UBERON:0005392 cortical layer III - + - + BRAINSPAN @@ -397849,7 +397850,7 @@ - + Layer of neocortex lying deep to the external pyramidal cell layer defined cytoarchitecturally by the presence of numerous small cells. ... Relatively undeveloped in some mammals such as the tenrec. @@ -397879,14 +397880,14 @@ UBERON:0005393 cortical layer IV - + - + BRAINSPAN @@ -398006,7 +398007,7 @@ - + Layer of neocortex lying deep to the internal granule cell layer (layer 4) defined cytoarchitecturally by the predominance of large pyramidal cell bodies. ABA:CTX5 EMAPA:35259 @@ -398042,14 +398043,14 @@ UBERON:0005394 cortical layer V - + - + BRAINSPAN @@ -398726,14 +398727,14 @@ - + - + @@ -398761,11 +398762,11 @@ philtrum https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/pull/2691 - + - + @@ -398778,13 +398779,13 @@ - + EMAPA - + Wikipedia @@ -398826,7 +398827,7 @@ - + @@ -398858,14 +398859,14 @@ ventral striatum - + - + MA @@ -399398,7 +399399,7 @@ - + An otic capsule endochondral element that is composed primarily of cartilage tissue. Bilaterally paired cartilage encasing the semicircular canals of the inner ear.[TAO] relationship type change: overlaps neurocranium (TAO:0001580) CHANGED TO: develops_from neurocranium (UBERON:0001703)[TAO] @@ -399418,14 +399419,14 @@ cartilaginous otic capsule - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -399491,7 +399492,7 @@ - + @@ -399508,14 +399509,14 @@ bony otic capsule - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -399538,8 +399539,8 @@ - - + + Groove that is in the developing ventral optic cup and through which blood vessels pass to the enclosed mesenchyme[ZFA]. a ventral fissure in the developing optic cup through which blood vessels pass to the enclosed mesenchyme[Free online medical dictionary]. A break in the continuity of the optic cup where the two sides of the cup meet.[AAO] @@ -399569,11 +399570,11 @@ optic fissure http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/98/Gray865.png - + - + @@ -399586,13 +399587,13 @@ - + EHDAA2 - + cjm @@ -400252,7 +400253,7 @@ - + An apical ectodermal ridge that is part of a pectoral appendage bud. An ectodermal thickening at the end of the forelimb bud in the developing embryo. [TFD][VHOG] Apical ectodermal ridge that is part of the pectoral fin bud.[TAO] @@ -400279,14 +400280,14 @@ pectoral appendage apical ectodermal ridge - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -400403,7 +400404,7 @@ - + An apical ectodermal ridge that is part of a pelvic appendage bud. An ectodermal thickening at the end of the hindlimb bud in the developing embryo. [TFD][VHOG] Apical ectodermal ridge that is part of the pelvic fin bud.[TAO] @@ -400426,14 +400427,14 @@ pelvic appendage apical ectodermal ridge - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -400870,7 +400871,7 @@ - + Portion of tissue that is part of the eye and gives rise to the mature, fully layered cornea. TAO:0002188 ZFA:0001688 @@ -400878,7 +400879,7 @@ UBERON:0005427 corneal primordium - + @@ -400897,7 +400898,7 @@ - + ZFA @@ -400989,7 +400990,7 @@ - + A pancreatic duct that develops from the dorsal pancreatic bud. These data show that ducts within the zebrafish pancreas originally arise in situ from isolated progenitor cells rather than arising from reiterative branching of the pancreatic epithelium. This process of pancreatic duct formation in zebrafish may be analogous to the mechanism of duct formation in the mammalian mammary and salivary glands. (...) A related mechanism of duct formation has also been proposed to occur within the mammalian pancreatic epithelium.[uncertain][VHOG] @@ -401018,7 +401019,7 @@ dorsal pancreatic duct http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/15/Gray1100.png - + @@ -401031,7 +401032,7 @@ - + EHDAA2 @@ -401113,7 +401114,7 @@ - + A loop of nerves that are part of the cervical plexus that lies superficial to the internal jugular vein in the carotid sheath. Branches from the ansa cervicalis innervate three of the four infrahyoid muscles, including the sternohyoid muscle, the sternothyroid muscle, and the omohyoid muscle. BAMS:ancer EHDAA2:0000124 @@ -401128,14 +401129,14 @@ ansa cervicalis http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e6/Gray795.png - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -401166,7 +401167,7 @@ - + A blood vessel that supplies the anterior portion of the spinal cord. It arises from branches of the vertebral arteries and is supplied by the anterior segmental medullary arteries, including the artery of Adamkiewicz, and courses along the anterior aspect of the spinal cord. @@ -401189,14 +401190,14 @@ anterior spinal artery http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/73/Anterior_spinal_cord_-_very_low_mag.jpg - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -401263,7 +401264,7 @@ - + The dilated structure that is lined by endothelial cells and located at the arterial pole of the heart just above (distal to) the truncus arteriosus in mammalian embryos; it is the primordial vascular channel from which the aortic arches (and eventually the dorsal aortae) arise; the aortic sac is homologous to the ventral aorta of gill-bearing vertebrates. the merged ventral aortae of the embryo which supplies blood to the aortic arches[TMD][http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/aortic+sac]. EHDAA2:0004145 @@ -401278,7 +401279,7 @@ aortic sac - + @@ -401291,7 +401292,7 @@ - + EHDAA2 @@ -401759,7 +401760,7 @@ - + @@ -401778,7 +401779,7 @@ - + A fetal blood vessel connecting the pulmonary artery with the descending aorta[MESH]. In the developing fetus, the ductus arteriosus is a shunt connecting the pulmonary artery to the aortic arch. It allows most of the blood from the right ventricle to bypass the fetus' fluid-filled lungs, protecting the lungs from being overworked and allowing the left ventricle to strengthen. There are two other fetal shunts, the ductus venosus and the foramen ovale[MP]. the fetal vessel that connects the left pulmonary artery with the descending aorta; the ductus arteriosus normally regresses into a fibrous cord, the ligamentum arteriousum after birth[MP]. The temporary channel or blood vessel between the aorta and pulmonary artery in the fetus. [TFD][VHOG] On the other hand, in the sister clade of the actinopterygians, the sarcopterygians, the gill circulation is supplemented with lung ventilation. As a result, the pulmonary artery and vein and a functional ductus arteriosus arose as a major evolutionary innovation from the sixth arch, giving the organism a flexible shunt to balance blood supply to and from gills and lungs according to environmental conditions.[well established][VHOG] @@ -401811,24 +401812,24 @@ ductus arteriosus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ee/Gray502.png - + - + - + EHDAA2 - + left branch embryology.ch @@ -401927,7 +401928,7 @@ - + An intercostal muscle that aids in quiet and forced inhalation via elevation of the ribs, and expanding the transverse dimensions of the thoracic cavity. Behind the thorax, the lateral group (of muscles in reptiles and mammals) remains essentially as for amphibians. (It breaks into three sheet-like layers: external oblique muscle, the internal oblique, and the transversus). More anteriorly, however, the ribs, now enlarged, penetrate and alter this group of muscles. The transversus is excluded from the thorax and the external and internal obliques become, respectively, the external and internal intercostal muscles, which contribute to the new function of ventilation of the lungs.[well established][VHOG] @@ -401959,7 +401960,7 @@ external intercostal muscle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Gray411.png - + @@ -401972,7 +401973,7 @@ - + EHDAA2 @@ -402093,15 +402094,15 @@ - + - - + + The lateral abdominal wall muscle that is the most superficial, immediately superficial to the internal oblique. Behind the thorax, the lateral group (of muscles in reptiles and mammals) remains essentially as for amphibians. (It breaks into three sheet-like layers: external oblique muscle, the internal oblique, and the transversus). More anteriorly, however, the ribs, now enlarged, penetrate and alter this group of muscles. The transversus is excluded from the thorax and the external and internal obliques become, respectively, the external and internal intercostal muscles, which contribute to the new function of ventilation of the lungs.[well established][VHOG] @@ -402139,35 +402140,35 @@ abdominal external oblique muscle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/32/Illu_trunk_muscles.jpg - + - + - + - + lower 6 intercostal nerve + subcostal nerve dbpedia - + dbpedia - + EHDAA2 @@ -402587,9 +402588,9 @@ - - - + + + @@ -402624,34 +402625,34 @@ greater omentum http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8d/Gray1035.png - + - + - + - + OG - + Wikipedia - + Wikipedia @@ -402808,7 +402809,7 @@ - + @@ -402828,14 +402829,14 @@ UBERON:0005450 greater sac cavity - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -402968,7 +402969,7 @@ - + A three-dimensional arrangement formed by plates of hepatocytes, usually one cell thick, that radiates from the center of the liver lobule; hepatic laminae are highly branched, irregular structures bordered by endothelial lined vascular spaces called hepatic sinusoids. EMAPA:37880 @@ -402984,14 +402985,14 @@ hepatic cord - + - + FMA @@ -403129,9 +403130,9 @@ - - - + + + The lateral abdominal wall muscle that is deep to the external oblique and superficial to the transversus. Behind the thorax, the lateral group (of muscles in reptiles and mammals) remains essentially as for amphibians. (It breaks into three sheet-like layers: external oblique muscle, the internal oblique, and the transversus). More anteriorly, however, the ribs, now enlarged, penetrate and alter this group of muscles. The transversus is excluded from the thorax and the external and internal obliques become, respectively, the external and internal intercostal muscles, which contribute to the new function of ventilation of the lungs.[well established][VHOG] EHDAA2:0000879 @@ -403166,36 +403167,36 @@ abdominal internal oblique muscle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/32/Illu_trunk_muscles.jpg - + - + - + - + Inguinal ligament Iliac crest and the Lumbodorsal fascia. dbpedia - + Linea alba Xiphoid process and the inferior ribs. dbpedia - + Linea alba Xiphoid process and the inferior ribs. dbpedia @@ -403552,8 +403553,8 @@ - - + + EHDAA2:0000966 EMAPA:16544 FMA:18822 @@ -403563,25 +403564,25 @@ UBERON:0005458 left umbilical artery - + - + - + check this EHDAA2 - + check this EHDAA2 @@ -403700,18 +403701,18 @@ - - - - + + + + - - + + An axial muscle that originates in the cervical vertebraae inserts on the scapula. AAO:0010689 @@ -403733,66 +403734,66 @@ levator scapulae muscle https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bc/Levator_scapulae.png - + - + - + - + - + - + - + EHDAA2 - + Kardong - + cervical nerve and dorsal scapular nerve dbpedia - + EHDAA2 - + Posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C1 - C4 vertebrae dbpedia - + Superior part of medial border of scapula dbpedia @@ -403846,7 +403847,7 @@ - + Subdivision of abdominal segment of trunk which in humans is demarcated from the front of the abdomen by the posterior surface of the anterior layer of the thoracolumbar fascia and the anterior surface of the lumbar vertebral column; together with the front of the abdomen, it constitutes the abdomen[Modified from FMA]. lumbar lumbar region @@ -403873,14 +403874,14 @@ overlaps with region sometimes called 'loin' lower back - + - + MA @@ -404237,9 +404238,9 @@ - - - + + + The platysma is a pharyngeal arch 2 muscle and a superficial facial muscle that participates in oral/pharyngeal behaviors and is innervated by the cervical branch of the facial nerve. It attaches to the mandible and it attaches to the skin of the head, neck, and thoracic region where it is found superficial to the clavicle. Burrows et al. (2011) argue that in hylobatids (and, presumably, other primates) the platysma in the region of the modiolus represents both the cervicale and myoides muscles. The platysma is a pharyngeal arch 2 muscle and a superficial facial muscle that participates in oral/pharyngeal behaviors and is innervated by the cervical branch of the facial nerve, and attaches to the skin.[FEED] @@ -404268,15 +404269,15 @@ https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/472 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fb/Platysma.png - + - + - + @@ -404289,21 +404290,21 @@ - + cervical branch of the facial nerve dbpedia - + base of mandible; skin of cheek and lower lip; angle of mouth; orbicularis oris dbpedia - + base of mandible; skin of cheek and lower lip; angle of mouth; orbicularis oris dbpedia @@ -404425,8 +404426,8 @@ - - + + EHDAA2:0001760 EMAPA:16545 FMA:18821 @@ -404436,25 +404437,25 @@ UBERON:0005470 right umbilical artery - + - + - + check this EHDAA2 - + check this EHDAA2 @@ -404673,7 +404674,7 @@ - + A portion of the lateral venous sinus, bulging prominently into the mastoid cavity, that serves as a principal conduit by which blood leaves the cranium[EPIC]. The sigmoid is drained by the internal jugular vein. The sigmoid sinuses, within a human head, are 2 areas beneath the brain, which allow blood veins to span the area, from the center of the head downward. They drain from the transverse sinuses (under the back of the brain) to the internal jugular vein. Each sigmoid sinus begins beneath the temporal bone and follows a tortuous course to the jugular foramen, at which point the sinus becomes continuous with the internal jugular vein[Wikipedia:Sigmoid_sinus]. @@ -404692,7 +404693,7 @@ sigmoid sinus https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bd/Gray488_blue.gif - + @@ -404705,7 +404706,7 @@ - + Palaeos @@ -404855,7 +404856,7 @@ - + A longitudinal groove in the neural tube wall that divides the neural tube into dorsal (alar) and ventral (basal) halves (dorsal receives input from sensory neurons, ventral effects motor functions); stretches from the mesencephalon caudad[TMD]. sulcus limitans @@ -404867,14 +404868,14 @@ UBERON:0005478 sulcus limitans of neural tube - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -405149,7 +405150,7 @@ - + Either of the two lateral lobes that constitute the thymus. each lobe of the thymus can be divided into a central medulla and a peripheral cortex which is surrounded by an outer capsule. Each lobe is composed of numerous lobules held together by delicate areolar tissue; the entire organ being enclosed in an investing capsule of a similar but denser structure. The primary lobules vary in size from that of a pin's head to that of a small pea, and are made up of a number of small nodules or follicles.[WP] @@ -405163,14 +405164,14 @@ thymus lobe - + - + FMA-abduced-lr @@ -405390,7 +405391,7 @@ - + @@ -405426,14 +405427,14 @@ venous dural sinus https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bd/Gray488_blue.gif - + - + FMA @@ -405846,7 +405847,7 @@ - + A blood vessel that is associated with the lens. In mammals, this is transient and normally nourishes the retina, immature lens and primary vitreous of the developing eye. we are currently conflating vessel and vasculature - we may wish to split this class - see also vascular plexus term. The ZFA class represents the vasculature EHDAA:4735 @@ -405864,14 +405865,14 @@ hyaloid vessel - + - + ZFA-modified @@ -405921,14 +405922,14 @@ - + - + One of a group of muscles used in mastication and swallowing. These muscles are attached to the hyoid bone, which is suspended in the neck and forms the base of the tongue and larynx. The muscles are divided into suprahyoid (superior) or infrahyoid (inferior) groups relative to the bone[WP, generalized]. Although the zebrafish occupies a rather derived phylogenetic position within actinopterygians and even within teleosts, with respect to the mandibular, hyoid and hypobranchial muscles it seems justified to consider it an appropriate representative of these two groups. Among these muscles, the three with clear homologues in tetrapods and the further three identified in sarcopterygian fish are particularly appropriate for comparisons of results between the actinopterygian zebrafish and the sarcopterygians.[well established][VHOG] attachment sites may vary by species; for example, in orangutans, the posterior digastric does not attach to the hyoid, but we may still consider this a (supra)hyoid muscle. @@ -405948,24 +405949,24 @@ hyoid muscle - + - + - + EHDAA2 - + EHDAA2 @@ -406209,7 +406210,7 @@ - + Multi-tissue structure that arises from the heart rudiment and will become the heart tube. BTO:0006179 EHDAA2:0001512 @@ -406228,14 +406229,14 @@ primitive heart tube - + - + ZFA @@ -406271,7 +406272,7 @@ - + Hindbrain segment or neuromere 1. Hindbrain segment or neuromere. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] 1 @@ -406291,14 +406292,14 @@ rhombomere 1 - + - + definitional @@ -406517,7 +406518,7 @@ - + The third transiently divided segment of the developing rhombencephalon; rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates; rhombomeres are numbered in caudal to rostral order. Hindbrain segment or neuromere. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] 3 @@ -406538,14 +406539,14 @@ rhombomere 3 - + - + definitional @@ -406580,7 +406581,7 @@ - + The fourth transiently divided segment of the developing rhombencephalon; rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates; rhombomeres are numbered in caudal to rostral order. Hindbrain segment or neuromere. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] 4 @@ -406601,14 +406602,14 @@ rhombomere 4 - + - + definitional @@ -406643,7 +406644,7 @@ - + The fifth transiently divided segment of the developing rhombencephalon; rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates; rhombomeres are numbered in caudal to rostral order. Hindbrain segment or neuromere. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] 5 @@ -406664,14 +406665,14 @@ rhombomere 5 - + - + definitional @@ -406706,7 +406707,7 @@ - + The sixth transiently divided segment of the developing rhombencephalon; rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates; rhombomeres are numbered in caudal to rostral order. Hindbrain segment or neuromere. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] 6 @@ -406727,14 +406728,14 @@ rhombomere 6 - + - + definitional @@ -406769,7 +406770,7 @@ - + The seventh transiently divided segment of the developing rhombencephalon; rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates; rhombomeres are numbered in caudal to rostral order. Hindbrain segment or neuromere. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] 7 @@ -406789,14 +406790,14 @@ rhombomere 7 - + - + definitional @@ -406831,7 +406832,7 @@ - + The eighth transiently divided segment of the developing rhombencephalon; rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates; rhombomeres are numbered in caudal to rostral order. Hindbrain segment or neuromere. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] 8 @@ -406850,14 +406851,14 @@ rhombomere 8 - + - + definitional @@ -406941,9 +406942,9 @@ - - - + + + A small outgrowth of the pharyngeal epithelium that is the site of lymphocyte cell production[ZFA]. [PMID]. we follow Kardong table 13.1 in having some developmental contribution of pouch 4 in mammals, but this isn't reflected in EHDAA2. Consider adding distinct term for mesenchyme (see EHDAA2), to indicate NC constribution. A small outgrowth of the pharyngeal epithelium that is the site of lymphocyte cell production. Willett et al, 1999.[TAO] @@ -406962,34 +406963,34 @@ thymus primordium - + - + - + - + ZFA - + EHDAA2 - + mesenchymal ZFA https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/The-neural-crest @@ -407042,7 +407043,7 @@ - + Cranial neural crest which gives rise to the trigeminal ganglion. todo - compare ZFA and EHDAA2 representation We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (1) the neural crest (...).[well established][VHOG] @@ -407059,7 +407060,7 @@ trigeminal neural crest - + @@ -407078,7 +407079,7 @@ - + EHDAA2 @@ -407104,7 +407105,7 @@ - + @@ -407133,7 +407134,7 @@ gonad primordium - + @@ -407146,7 +407147,7 @@ - + ZFA @@ -407203,7 +407204,7 @@ - + Cranial neural crest that gives rise to the facio-acoustic ganglion. We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (1) the neural crest (...).[well established][VHOG] EHDAA2:0000492 @@ -407218,7 +407219,7 @@ facio-acoustic neural crest - + @@ -407231,7 +407232,7 @@ - + EHDAA2 @@ -407397,7 +407398,7 @@ - + The second transiently divided segment of the developing rhombencephalon; rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates; rhombomeres are numbered in caudal to rostral order. Hindbrain segment or neuromere. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] 3 @@ -407418,14 +407419,14 @@ rhombomere 2 - + - + definitional @@ -408613,15 +408614,15 @@ - + - - + + Somite located in the head region, caudal to the otic vesicle. in humans this includes somites 1-4 They provide the epaxial and hypaxial muscles of the neck, the pharyngeal and laryngeal muscles that develop in the caudal branchial arches and the musculature of the tongue. Despite their localisation in the head, myogenic precursors from occipital somites essentially follow the trunk programmes (E. H. Walters and S. D., unpublished). during evolution, have been secondarily incorporated into the head (Gans and Northcutt, 1983) @@ -408635,24 +408636,24 @@ UBERON:0005594 head somite - + - + - + EHDAA2 - + EHDAA2 @@ -408699,7 +408700,7 @@ - + @@ -408719,7 +408720,7 @@ lung primordium - + @@ -408732,7 +408733,7 @@ - + XAO @@ -408922,8 +408923,8 @@ - - + + The portion of mesentery attached to the greater curvature of the stomach is named the dorsal mesentery (or dorsal mesogastrium, when referring to the portion at the stomach), and the part which suspends the colon is termed the mesocolon. The dorsal mesogastrium develops into the greater omentum. The dorsal sheet of the primitive mesentery that encloses the stomach. The greater omentum develops from the dorsal mesogastrium. [TFD][VHOG] EHDAA2:0000416 @@ -408939,11 +408940,11 @@ UBERON:0005602 dorsal mesogastrium - + - + @@ -408956,13 +408957,13 @@ - + EHDAA2 - + EHDAA2 @@ -409010,8 +409011,8 @@ - - + + EMAPA:16844 MA:0001636 VHOG:0000215 @@ -409021,24 +409022,24 @@ UBERON:0005604 extrahepatic part of hepatic duct - + - + - + MA - + MA @@ -409060,8 +409061,8 @@ - - + + EMAPA:16845 MA:0001637 VHOG:0000216 @@ -409071,24 +409072,24 @@ UBERON:0005605 intrahepatic part of hepatic duct - + - + - + MA - + MA @@ -409145,7 +409146,7 @@ - + @@ -409164,14 +409165,14 @@ UBERON:0005607 hyaloid vascular plexus - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -409187,7 +409188,7 @@ - + The second arch becomes the hyoid artery, which is prominent in early development and normally persists as the caroticotympanic branch of the ICA[Padget]. EHDAA:3342 @@ -409201,14 +409202,14 @@ hyoid artery - + - + http://www.ajnr.org/cgi/content/full/21/3/572 @@ -409424,7 +409425,7 @@ - + @@ -409444,14 +409445,14 @@ UBERON:0005612 intercostal artery - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -409739,8 +409740,8 @@ - - + + The outgrowths of the embryonic maxillary prominences that come together during prenatal development to form the secondary palate. consider splitting into embryonic/fully formed The outgrowths of the embryonic maxillae that come together during prenatal development to form the secondary palate. [TFD][VHOG] @@ -409760,24 +409761,24 @@ secondary palatal shelf - + - + - + EHDAA2 - + cjm @@ -409829,9 +409830,9 @@ - - - + + + The part of the palate formed from the intermaxillary segment. The shelf separating the oral and nasal cavities that is formed during early embryonic development from protrusions of tissue between the olfactory pits. [TFD][VHOG] Early tetrapod possessed a primary palate that included the vomer, pterygoid, parasphenoid, palatine and ectopterygoid bones. Therapsid evolved a partial secondary palate formed by the medial extension of the premaxilla and maxilla. Mammals have a secondary palate that, in addition to extensions of the premaxilla and maxilla, includes part of the palatine bone[VHOG] @@ -409856,35 +409857,35 @@ primary palate - + - + - + - + consider reversing VHOG - + EHDAA2-abduced - + Wikipedia http://www.indiana.edu/~anat550/hnanim/face/face.html @@ -409961,11 +409962,11 @@ - - - - - + + + + + A rhombus-shaped muscle associated with the scapula and chiefly responsible for its retraction. There are two rhomboid muscles. TODO - add child terms EHDAA2:0001635 @@ -409985,56 +409986,56 @@ rhomboid http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Rhomboidei.PNG - + - + - + - + - + - + EHDAA2 - + EHDAA2 - + nuchal ligaments spinous processes of the C7 to T5 vertebrae dbpedia - + nuchal ligaments spinous processes of the C7 to T5 vertebrae dbpedia - + dbpedia @@ -410233,8 +410234,8 @@ - - + + @@ -410251,24 +410252,24 @@ UBERON:0005625 tubotympanic recess lumen - + - + - + MA - + ISBN:0073040584 @@ -410290,7 +410291,7 @@ - + Portion of ventral mesentery closest to the stomach. The mesentery that originates from the ventral side of the peritoneal cavity.[TAO] The ventral sheet of the primitive mesentery that encloses the stomach. The lesser omentum develops from the ventral mesogastrium. [TFD][VHOG] @@ -410311,14 +410312,14 @@ ventral mesogastrium http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cf/Gray984.png - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -411667,7 +411668,7 @@ - + An epithelium that is part of a primary palate. EHDAA2:0001500 EMAPA:17643 @@ -411677,14 +411678,14 @@ UBERON:0005659 primary palate epithelium - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -412065,13 +412066,13 @@ - + EHDAA2:0000314 uberon UBERON:0005667 connecting stalk mesoderm - + @@ -412084,7 +412085,7 @@ - + EHDAA2 @@ -412771,8 +412772,8 @@ - - + + An orbitosphenoid endochondral element that is composed primarily of cartilage tissue. EHDAA2:0001329 EHDAA:9554 @@ -412781,11 +412782,11 @@ UBERON:0005687 orbitosphenoid cartilage element - + - + @@ -412798,13 +412799,13 @@ - + EHDAA2 - + EHDAA2 @@ -413583,7 +413584,7 @@ - + An odontogenic papilla that is part of a upper jaw molar. EHDAA2:0002127 EHDAA:8051 @@ -413594,14 +413595,14 @@ UBERON:0005700 upper jaw molar odontogenic papilla - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -413643,7 +413644,7 @@ - + An odontogenic papilla that is part of a lower jaw molar. EHDAA2:0001027 EHDAA:8015 @@ -413654,14 +413655,14 @@ UBERON:0005701 lower jaw molar odontogenic papilla - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -413798,8 +413799,8 @@ - - + + Mesenchyme that is part of a developing primary palate. EHDAA2:0001501 EHDAA:6968 @@ -413809,24 +413810,24 @@ UBERON:0005705 primary palate mesenchyme - + - + - + EHDAA2 - + EHDAA2 @@ -413875,7 +413876,7 @@ - + An odontogenic papilla that is part of a upper jaw incisor. EHDAA2:0002123 EMAPA:17941 @@ -413885,14 +413886,14 @@ UBERON:0005707 upper jaw incisor odontogenic papilla - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -413934,7 +413935,7 @@ - + An odontogenic papilla that is part of a lower jaw incisor. EHDAA2:0001023 EMAPA:17920 @@ -413944,14 +413945,14 @@ UBERON:0005708 lower jaw incisor odontogenic papilla - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -414211,7 +414212,7 @@ - + An apical ectodermal ridge that is part of a footplate. EHDAA2:0000547 EMAPA:17251 @@ -414219,14 +414220,14 @@ UBERON:0005719 footplate apical ectodermal ridge - + - + true https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Inferring-part-of-relationships @@ -414302,14 +414303,14 @@ - + - + A mesoderm that has the potential to develop into a pronephros. Portion of tissue that consists of the mesenchymal precursor to the pronephric kidney and that begins to separate from the intermediate mesoderm at NF stage 21 and epithelializes by NF stage 30.[AAO] AAO:0011090 @@ -414328,24 +414329,24 @@ the intermediate mesoderm of the chick embryo acquires its ability to form kidneys through its interactions with the paraxial mesoderm [ISBN:9780878932504 "Developmental Biology", PMID:10720431 "Signals from trunk paraxial mesoderm induce pronephros formation in chick intermediate mesoderm"]. These interactions induce the expression of TFs including Lim1, Pax2 and Pax6 that cause the intermediate mesoderm to form the kidney pronephric mesoderm - + - + - + ZFA - + Bgee:AN @@ -414742,7 +414743,7 @@ - + EHDAA2:0000474 EMAPA:31862 EMAPA:31863 @@ -414754,7 +414755,7 @@ UBERON:0005728 extraembryonic mesoderm - + @@ -414767,7 +414768,7 @@ - + EHDAA2 @@ -414941,7 +414942,7 @@ - + @@ -414957,14 +414958,14 @@ paired limb/fin field - + - + ISBN:9780878932504 ZFA-inferred @@ -415409,7 +415410,7 @@ - + @@ -415451,14 +415452,14 @@ optic foramen https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8e/Orbita_mensch.jpg - + - + FMA-abduced-lr @@ -415543,9 +415544,9 @@ - - - + + + Embryonic fibrovascular mesodermal tissue located between the optic cup and lens vesicle that normally regresses during the development of the vitreous body[MP]. Acellular in EHDAA2, MP defs says tissue EHDAA2:0001502 @@ -415558,15 +415559,15 @@ primary vitreous - + - + - + @@ -415580,19 +415581,19 @@ - + cjm - + EHDAA2 - + EHDAA2 @@ -415633,7 +415634,7 @@ - + @@ -415651,14 +415652,14 @@ glomerular tuft - + - + Wikipedia @@ -416019,8 +416020,8 @@ - - + + @@ -416049,24 +416050,24 @@ urorectal septum http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fb/Gray992.png - + - + - + MA - + EHDAA2 @@ -416284,7 +416285,7 @@ - + @@ -416314,14 +416315,14 @@ glomerular basement membrane http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/de/PhysiologieGlom%C3%A9rulaire.png - + - + true https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Inferring-part-of-relationships @@ -417015,7 +417016,7 @@ - + Control of blood pressure is crucially dependent on the integrity of a small region of the brainstem called the ventrolateral medulla. Within this part of the brain are the cells that control the heart, blood vessels, swallowing, breathing and many other functions of the body that are not noticed at a conscious level; such unconscious activities are known as 'Autonomic'. One of these regions is the Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla (RVLM) is also known as the pressor area of the medulla (medulla pressor). It receives inhibitory GABAergic input from the caudal ventrolateral medulla (CVLM). The RVLM is the primary regulator of the sympathetic nervous system, sending excitatory fibers (catecholaminergic) to the sympathetic preganglionic neurons in the spinal cord, via reticulospinal tract[WP]. BTO:0002778 Wikipedia:Rostral_ventrolateral_medulla @@ -417025,14 +417026,14 @@ UBERON:0005807 rostral ventrolateral medulla - + - + Wikipedia @@ -417685,7 +417686,7 @@ - + A group of axons that are from neurons involved in proprioception from the lower trunk and lower limb[GO]. The fasciculus gracilis (tract of Goll) is a bundle of axon fibres in the dorsomedial spinal cord that carries information about fine touch, vibrations, and conscious proprioception from the lower part of the body to the brain stem. It is part of the posterior column of the spinal cord, which also contains the fasciculus cuneatus, which carries the same information from the upper part of the body. This tract and its continuation in the brain stem is often referred to as the posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway. The fasciculus gracilis is wedge-shaped on transverse section and lies next the posterior median septum, its base being at the surface of the medulla spinalis, and its apex directed toward the posterior gray commissure. It increases in size from below upward, and consists of long thin fibers that are derived from the posterior nerve roots, and ascend as far as the medulla oblongata, where they end in the nucleus gracilis. The tract of Goll was named after Swiss neuroanatomist Friedrich Goll[WP]. distinction between axon tract and fasicle is unclear UBERON:0004168 @@ -417713,7 +417714,7 @@ gracile fasciculus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b2/Spinal_cord_tracts_-_English.svg - + @@ -417726,7 +417727,7 @@ - + GO @@ -419060,7 +419061,7 @@ - + A delimited region of dense mesenchyme within looser mesenchyme. AEO:0000148 EHDAA2_RETIRED:0003148 @@ -419070,7 +419071,7 @@ UBERON:0005856 developing mesenchymal condensation - + @@ -419089,7 +419090,7 @@ - + AEO-modified-relation @@ -419111,7 +419112,7 @@ - + @@ -419132,7 +419133,7 @@ UBERON:0005863 cartilaginous condensation - + @@ -419145,7 +419146,7 @@ - + AEO @@ -419196,7 +419197,7 @@ - + @@ -419218,14 +419219,14 @@ UBERON:0005865 pre-muscle condensation - + - + AEO @@ -419236,7 +419237,7 @@ - + @@ -419256,7 +419257,7 @@ UBERON:0005866 pre-cartilage condensation - + @@ -419269,7 +419270,7 @@ - + AEO @@ -419492,15 +419493,15 @@ - + - - + + An indentation of the olfactory placode which ends when the pits hollows out to form the nasopharynx[GO]. we represent the relationship as develops from, though in fact the pit is formed as an indentation in the placode By the upgrowth of the surrounding parts the olfactory areas are converted into pits, the nasal pits or olfactory pits, which indent the fronto-nasal process and divide it into a medial and two lateral nasal processes[Wikipedia:Nasal_pit]. @@ -419521,15 +419522,15 @@ olfactory pit - + - + - + @@ -419542,19 +419543,19 @@ - + EMAPA - + EHDAA2 - + XAO:0000275 nasal pit @@ -420097,8 +420098,8 @@ - - + + @@ -420137,24 +420138,24 @@ undifferentiated genital tubercle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Gray1119.png - + - + - + EHDAA2 - + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/1230 @@ -420528,8 +420529,8 @@ - - + + A subdivision of skeleton that supports pharyngeal arch 2. it's not clear where AAO:'hyobranchial skeleton' belongs AAO:0000665 @@ -420546,24 +420547,24 @@ UBERON:0005884 hyoid arch skeleton - + - + - + ZFA - + cjm @@ -420617,8 +420618,8 @@ - - + + The part of the pharyngeal arch skeleton that excludes the skeleton of arches 1 and 2. Skeletal and cartilage elements of the gill arches; the last five of the set of seven pharyngeal arches; the numbering system can be confusing; generally branchial arch #1 is the first gill arch, or the third pharyngeal arch, but some authors do not follow this convention. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] @@ -420639,24 +420640,24 @@ UBERON:0005886 post-hyoid pharyngeal arch skeleton - + - + - + ZFA - + ZFA-modified @@ -420828,8 +420829,8 @@ - - + + The epithelial lining of the surface of the coelom. EHDAA2:0004049 used to be called 'coelomic epithelium' but is now 'gonadal ridge mesothelium' Wikipedia:Coelomic_epithelium @@ -420840,24 +420841,24 @@ UBERON:0005891 coelomic epithelium - + - + - + XAO - + XAO @@ -421535,9 +421536,9 @@ - - - + + + A serous sac which is the aggregate of the conjunctiva plus the conjunctival space. EMAPA:18233 FMA:20291 @@ -421548,15 +421549,15 @@ UBERON:0005908 conjunctival sac - + - + - + @@ -421569,19 +421570,19 @@ - + FMA - + HPO:pr - + MA @@ -421883,10 +421884,10 @@ - - - - + + + + A turbinal located on the maxilla bone. In many carnivores and ungulates, the maxilloturbinal is the most complex element immediately posterior to the vestibule[PMID:25312359] @@ -421912,19 +421913,19 @@ inferior nasal concha http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/62/Gray192.png - + - + - + - + @@ -421937,25 +421938,25 @@ - + FMA-abduced-lr - + dbpedia - + dbpedia - + ISBN:1588903958 @@ -422634,7 +422635,7 @@ - + trabecula trabecular cartilage EFO:0003677 @@ -422646,7 +422647,7 @@ neurocranial trabecula - + @@ -422659,7 +422660,7 @@ - + ZFA @@ -422761,7 +422762,7 @@ - + Anteriosuperior, smooth-walled portion of the cavity of the right ventricle, beginning at the supraventricular crest and terminating in the pulmonary trunk. infundibulum EMAPA:37926 @@ -422784,14 +422785,14 @@ UBERON:0005953 outflow part of right ventricle - + - + PMID:17276708 @@ -423510,7 +423511,7 @@ - + A sheet of somatopleure that grows upward over the embryo and eventually meets in the midline enclosing the embryo, eventually giving rise to the amnion and chorion[Kardong]. EMAPA:16076 amnionic fold @@ -423519,14 +423520,14 @@ amniotic fold - + - + ISBN:0073040584 @@ -423727,7 +423728,7 @@ - + Missing definition for term UBERON:0005976. Please replace it using linked reference. synonym with hemispheric lobule VIIA based on FMA and NIFSTD BAMS:SSL @@ -423765,14 +423766,14 @@ ansiform lobule crus I - + - + HBA @@ -423944,7 +423945,7 @@ - + Missing definition for term UBERON:0005977. Please replace it using linked reference. TODO - check BAMS:ISL @@ -423981,14 +423982,14 @@ ansiform lobule crus II - + - + HBA @@ -424612,7 +424613,7 @@ - + @@ -424639,14 +424640,14 @@ left bundle branch - + - + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/1785 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5208-3432 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9791-0064 @@ -424728,7 +424729,7 @@ - + @@ -424754,14 +424755,14 @@ right bundle branch - + - + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/1785 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5208-3432 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9791-0064 @@ -424848,7 +424849,7 @@ - + @@ -424868,14 +424869,14 @@ atrium myocardial trabecula - + - + ZFA @@ -424927,7 +424928,7 @@ - + @@ -424951,14 +424952,14 @@ atrioventricular septum - + - + PMID:15797462 Wikipedia @@ -425302,7 +425303,7 @@ - + @@ -425326,14 +425327,14 @@ chorda tendineae http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6c/Gray493.png - + - + FMA-abduced @@ -425725,7 +425726,7 @@ - + The paired arteries that carry blood to the yolk sac from the dorsal aorta. EHDAA2:0002208 EMAPA:16207 @@ -425737,14 +425738,14 @@ vitelline artery http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/Gray31.png - + - + ventral branch @@ -425840,8 +425841,8 @@ - - + + @@ -425865,24 +425866,24 @@ hair follicle matrix region - + - + - + FMA - + FMA @@ -426025,7 +426026,7 @@ - + @@ -426047,14 +426048,14 @@ the MP class implies this is part of both the medulla oblongata and the PSNS, which violates the spatial disjointness constraint. We weaken this to continuous_with here. pre-Botzinger complex - + - + Wikipedia @@ -426275,7 +426276,7 @@ - + A small transparent canal running through the vitreous body from the optical nerve disc to the lens. It is formed by an invagination of the hyaloid, a membrane which encloses the vitreous body[WP]. FMA:58837 SCTID:362506002 @@ -426289,14 +426290,14 @@ hyaloid canal http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/eb/Gray869.png - + - + Wikipedia @@ -426340,7 +426341,7 @@ - + Vein internal to the eye. Isogai et al. 2001.[TAO] EHDAA2:0000791 TAO:0005047 @@ -426351,14 +426352,14 @@ UBERON:0006011 hyaloid vein - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -427688,7 +427689,7 @@ - + The falx cerebri, also known as the cerebral falx, so named from its sickle-like form, is a strong, arched fold of dura mater which descends vertically in the longitudinal fissure between the cerebral hemispheres. It is narrow in front, where it is attached to the crista galli of the ethmoid; and broad behind, where it is connected with the upper surface of the tentorium cerebelli. Its upper margin is convex, and attached to the inner surface of the skull in the middle line, as far back as the internal occipital protuberance; it contains the superior sagittal sinus. Its lower margin is free and concave, and contains the inferior sagittal sinus. The falx cerebri is known to calcify with age. EMAPA:18551 FMA:83967 @@ -427704,14 +427705,14 @@ falx cerebri http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/ff/Falxcerebri.jpg - + - + definitional @@ -428279,7 +428280,7 @@ - + @@ -428310,14 +428311,14 @@ cervical region of vertebral column - + - + FMA @@ -428395,7 +428396,7 @@ - + @@ -428428,14 +428429,14 @@ thoracic region of vertebral column - + - + FMA @@ -428784,7 +428785,7 @@ - + @@ -428804,14 +428805,14 @@ subdivision of vertebral column - + - + FMA @@ -428968,8 +428969,8 @@ - - + + @@ -429004,24 +429005,24 @@ https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/urinary-bladder-female/v1.2/assets/3d-vh-f-urinary-bladder.glb https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/urinary-bladder-male/v1.2/assets/3d-vh-m-urinary-bladder.glb - + - + - + EHDAA2-modified - + EHDAA2 @@ -429088,7 +429089,7 @@ - + Region of cortex near to the rhinal sulcus. It is defined differently in different nomenclatures, due in part to the lack of agreement on the definition of the border of this region. In the rat, the perirhinal cortex occupies only caudal levels of the rhinal sulcus while in the monkey, it occurpies the full rostrocaudal extent of the rhinal sulcus (Burwell et al., Hippocampus, 5: 390-408, 1995). in MA classified as part of insular cortex, but this is contested by MM - https://support.crbs.ucsd.edu/browse/NIF-9830 @@ -429116,14 +429117,14 @@ perirhinal cortex - + - + NIFSTD @@ -429185,7 +429186,7 @@ - + @@ -429224,7 +429225,7 @@ UBERON:0006086 stria medullaris - + @@ -429237,7 +429238,7 @@ - + NIFSTD @@ -430021,7 +430022,7 @@ - + @@ -430049,14 +430050,14 @@ superior parietal cortex - + - + NIFSTD @@ -430845,7 +430846,7 @@ - + Missing definition for term UBERON:0006101. Please replace it using linked reference. B09-24 BAMS:ACA @@ -430873,7 +430874,7 @@ Brodmann (1909) area 24 https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/1161 - + @@ -430886,7 +430887,7 @@ - + https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3308-6245 @@ -431001,7 +431002,7 @@ - + Brodmann area 35, together with Brodmann area 36, is most frequently referred to as perirhinal cortex. Brodmann found a cytoarchitecturally homologous area in the monkey (Cercopithecus), but it was so weakly developed that he omitted it from the cortical map of that species (Brodmann-1909). B09-35 @@ -431025,7 +431026,7 @@ UBERON:0006102 Brodmann (1909) area 35 - + @@ -431038,7 +431039,7 @@ - + WP @@ -431128,7 +431129,7 @@ - + Ectorhinal area 36 is a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined temporal region of cerebral cortex. With its medial boundary corresponding approximately to the rhinal sulcus it is located primarily in the fusiform gyrus. Cytoarchitecturally it is bounded laterally and caudally by the inferior temporal area 20, medially by the perirhinal area 35 and rostrally by the temporopolar area 38 (H) (Brodmann-1909). Together with Brodmann area 35, it comprises the perirhinal cortex. B09-36 BIRNLEX:1769 @@ -431150,7 +431151,7 @@ UBERON:0006104 Brodmann (1909) area 36 - + @@ -431163,7 +431164,7 @@ - + WP @@ -431700,7 +431701,7 @@ - + Part of fornix adjacent to the fimbria comprising flattened bands of fibers that extend from the fimbria, running underneath the corpus callosum. BAMS:pfx @@ -431723,14 +431724,14 @@ UBERON:0006115 posterior column of fornix - + - + NIFSTD @@ -432539,7 +432540,7 @@ - + FMA:77610 NLXANAT:20090302 diagonal band subdivision @@ -432549,14 +432550,14 @@ subdivision of diagonal band - + - + NIFSTD @@ -433686,20 +433687,20 @@ - + The mesonephric glomerular mesangium is the thin membrane connective tissue composed of mesangial cells in the mesonephros, which helps to support the capillary loops in a renal glomerulus. uberon UBERON:0006182 mesonephric glomerular mesangium - + - + true https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Inferring-part-of-relationships @@ -433727,31 +433728,31 @@ - - + + Missing definition for term UBERON:0006183. Please replace it using linked reference. uberon UBERON:0006183 mesonephric glomerular capillary - + - + - + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Inferring-part-of-relationships - + true https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Inferring-part-of-relationships @@ -434006,7 +434007,7 @@ - + Any vein serving the ear region. In humans this refers to either the anterior or posterior auricular vein, passing in front of or behind the ear. This class also groups other auricular veins, including the greater, ventral, central auricular nerves. These may exhibit different branching structures. In the pig, the external jugular branches to the maxillary to the caudal auricular to the middle auricular, then onto various unique patterns EMAPA:37136 @@ -434019,14 +434020,14 @@ UBERON:0006197 auricular vein - + - + cjm @@ -434192,8 +434193,8 @@ - - + + EMAPA:37472 FMA:71216 MA:0002091 @@ -434205,24 +434206,24 @@ classes unified on basis of spatial anatomy ontology synonyms caudal humeral circumflex vein - + - + - + FMA/obol - + FMA/obol @@ -434289,7 +434290,7 @@ - + concha FMA:61006 NCIT:C32362 @@ -434302,14 +434303,14 @@ conchal part of pinna - + - + http://php.med.unsw.edu.au @@ -434503,7 +434504,7 @@ - + @@ -434536,14 +434537,14 @@ aortico-pulmonary spiral septum http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b9/Gray470.png - + - + PMID:6844926 Wikipedia @@ -434653,7 +434654,7 @@ - + @@ -434670,14 +434671,14 @@ basioccipital cartilage element - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -434720,7 +434721,7 @@ - + @@ -434764,14 +434765,14 @@ buccopharyngeal membrane http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/93/Gray977.png - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -435009,7 +435010,7 @@ - + @@ -435039,14 +435040,14 @@ rhombic lip - + - + EHDAA2 Wikipedia @@ -435193,7 +435194,7 @@ - + @@ -435234,14 +435235,14 @@ cloacal membrane http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Gray991.png - + - + Wikipedia @@ -435313,8 +435314,8 @@ - - + + EHDAA2:0000340 EHDAA:6002 EMAPA:17749 @@ -435323,11 +435324,11 @@ deltoid pre-muscle mass - + - + @@ -435340,13 +435341,13 @@ - + EHDAA2 - + EHDAA2 @@ -435414,7 +435415,7 @@ - + @@ -435437,14 +435438,14 @@ future diencephalon - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -435577,9 +435578,9 @@ - - - + + + @@ -435596,34 +435597,34 @@ ethmoid bone primordium - + - + - + - + FMA - + AAO - + EHDAA2 @@ -435699,8 +435700,8 @@ - - + + EHDAA2:0000483 EHDAA:2925 EMAPA:17845 @@ -435709,24 +435710,24 @@ extrinsic ocular pre-muscle mass - + - + - + EHDAA2 - + EHDAA2 ISBN:0781772214 @@ -435770,7 +435771,7 @@ - + @@ -435786,14 +435787,14 @@ facio-acoustic VII-VIII preganglion complex - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -435820,7 +435821,7 @@ - + A differentiated genital tubercle that is part of a female reproductive system. EHDAA:8118 EMAPA:18680 @@ -435832,14 +435833,14 @@ female genital tubercle - + - + true https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Inferring-part-of-relationships @@ -436120,8 +436121,8 @@ - - + + @@ -436140,24 +436141,24 @@ future central tendon - + - + - + EHDAA2 - + mesenchyme cranial part Wikipedia @@ -436268,7 +436269,7 @@ - + @@ -436292,14 +436293,14 @@ future spinal cord - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -436345,8 +436346,8 @@ - - + + @@ -436364,24 +436365,24 @@ gallbladder primordium - + - + - + EMAPA - + EHDAA2 @@ -436467,8 +436468,8 @@ - - + + @@ -436486,24 +436487,24 @@ humerus cartilage element - + - + - + EHDAA2 - + EHDAA2 @@ -436539,7 +436540,7 @@ - + @@ -436557,14 +436558,14 @@ humerus pre-cartilage condensation - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -436600,7 +436601,7 @@ - + @@ -436617,14 +436618,14 @@ iliac pre-cartilage condensation - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -436652,7 +436653,7 @@ - + An incus endochondral element that is composed primarily of a pre-cartilage condensation. in EHDAA2 this develops from both mandibular and maxillary mesenchyme. We have still to extend homology relationships from quadrate/incus to their ontogenic precursors ( EHDAA2:0000813 @@ -436664,14 +436665,14 @@ incus pre-cartilage condensation - + - + EHDAA2-generalized @@ -436701,10 +436702,10 @@ - - - - + + + + A funnel-shaped diverticulum that extends downward from the anterior aspect of the floor of the third ventricle into the infundibulum of the hypophysis; the embryonic structure gives rise the neural component of the pituitary (pas nervosa). in FMA this is a cavity, whereas in EHDAA2 it is an epithelial sac BAMS:IRe @@ -436730,19 +436731,19 @@ infundibular recess of 3rd ventricle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/75/Gray654.png - + - + - + - + @@ -436755,25 +436756,25 @@ - + EMAPA - + EMAPA - + EHDAA2 - + EHDAA2 @@ -436992,7 +436993,7 @@ - + An ischial endochondral element that is composed primarily of cartilage tissue. EHDAA2:0000890 EHDAA:9570 @@ -437003,7 +437004,7 @@ ischial cartilage element - + @@ -437016,7 +437017,7 @@ - + EHDAA2 @@ -437121,8 +437122,8 @@ - - + + @@ -437155,11 +437156,11 @@ UBERON:0006257 laryngotracheal groove - + - + @@ -437172,13 +437173,13 @@ - + EHDAA2 - + EHDAA2 @@ -437301,7 +437302,7 @@ - + @@ -437320,7 +437321,7 @@ the collection consisting of the two lateral swellings and the medial swelling lingual swellings - + @@ -437333,7 +437334,7 @@ - + EHDAA2 @@ -437380,7 +437381,7 @@ - + A differentiated genital tubercle that is part of a male reproductive system. EHDAA:8138 EMAPA:17969 @@ -437393,14 +437394,14 @@ male genital tubercle - + - + true https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Inferring-part-of-relationships @@ -437441,7 +437442,7 @@ - + A malleus endochondral element that is composed primarily of a pre-cartilage condensation. EHDAA2:0001055 EHDAA:9026 @@ -437452,14 +437453,14 @@ malleus pre-cartilage condensation - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -437477,7 +437478,7 @@ - + @@ -437493,14 +437494,14 @@ Meckel's cartilage pre-cartilage condensation - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -437567,7 +437568,7 @@ - + @@ -437588,7 +437589,7 @@ mural trophectoderm - + @@ -437601,7 +437602,7 @@ - + EMAPA @@ -437644,8 +437645,8 @@ - - + + @@ -437676,11 +437677,11 @@ nasolacrimal groove http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3f/Gray163.png - + - + @@ -437693,13 +437694,13 @@ - + EHDAA2 - + EHDAA2 @@ -437738,7 +437739,7 @@ - + The notochordal plate is the dorsal part of the notochordal process when the ventral portion breaks down. It is continuous laterally with the endoderm that composes the roof of the primitive foregut and is in contact dorsally with the neural tube. The folding off of the notochordal plate gives rise to the notochord. TODO - check ordering; awaiting confirmation from JB The notochordal plate is the dorsal part of the notochordal process when the ventral portion breaks down. It is continuous laterally with the endoderm that composes the roof of the primitive foregut and is in contact dorsally with the neural tube. The folding off of the notochordal plate gives rise to the notochord. [Carson_JL, Dehart_DB, Developmental_Dynamics_(1994)_201:_260-278, Gesteland_K_and_Schoenwolf_GC, Inagaki_T, Morphogenesis_of_the_murine_node_and_notochordal_plate, The_prechordal_plate, Vrablic_T, see_Mueller_F_and_O'Rahilly_R, the_rostral_end_of_the_notochord_and_nearby_median_features_in_staged_human_embryos._Cells_Tissues_Organs_(2003)_173:_1-20_and_Sulik_K][VHOG] @@ -437753,7 +437754,7 @@ notochordal plate - + @@ -437766,7 +437767,7 @@ - + EHDAA2 @@ -437803,7 +437804,7 @@ - + A midline cellular cord formed from the migration of mesenchymal cells from the primitive knot. EHDAA2:0001279 EHDAA:224 @@ -437820,14 +437821,14 @@ The notochordal process grows cranially until it reaches the prechordal plate, the future site of the mouth. In this area the ectoderm is attached directly to the endoderm without intervening mesoderm. This area is known as the oropharyngeal membrane, and it will break down to become the mouth. At the other end of the primitive streak the ectoderm is also fused directly to the endoderm; this is known as the cloacal membrane (proctodeum), or primordial anus. notochordal process - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -438119,7 +438120,7 @@ - + @@ -438146,14 +438147,14 @@ pericardio-peritoneal canal - + - + EMAPA @@ -438246,14 +438247,14 @@ - + - + Each of the folds that grow out from the lateral part of the body wall. They fuse and meet with the dorsal and ventral mesentery of the foregut, separating the pleural cavities from the pericardial cavity. In hagfishes a transverse septum extends upward from the ventral body wall posterior to the heart, partly separating an anterior pericardial cavity from a larger peritoneal cavity. (...) These basic relationships have not been modified by urodeles. The small pericardial cavity remains far forward where it is separated by a transverse septum from the principal coelom, which may now be called a pleuroperitoneal cavity because slender lungs are present. (...) The heart [of other tetrapods] is separated from the lungs (and liver if present) by more or less horizontal partitions that have their origin in the embryo as folds on the serous membrane of the right and left lateral body walls. These grow out to join in the midline of the body. They are called lateral mesocardia (birds) or pleuropericardial membranes. Posteriorly they join the transverse septum to form the adult pericardial membrane, or pericardium. (...) In their partitioning of their coelom, embryonic mammals resemble first early fishes (incomplete partition, posterior to heart, consisting of the transverse septum) and then reptiles (pericardium derived from transverse septum and pleuropericardial membranes) Mammals then separate paired pleural cavities from the peritoneal cavity by a diaphragm. The ventral portion of this organ comes from the transverse septum. The dorsal portion is derived from the dorsal mesentery and from still another pair of outgrowths from the lateral body wall, the pleuroperitoneal membranes.[well established][VHOG] As the folds grow towards the midline, carrying the phrenic nerve, the root of the folds migrate ventrally @@ -438270,24 +438271,24 @@ pleuropericardial folds - + - + - + EHDAA2 - + EHDAA2 @@ -438348,7 +438349,7 @@ - + @@ -438380,7 +438381,7 @@ pleuroperitoneal canal - + @@ -438393,7 +438394,7 @@ - + EHDAA2 @@ -438426,8 +438427,8 @@ - - + + @@ -438449,11 +438450,11 @@ polar trophectoderm - + - + @@ -438466,13 +438467,13 @@ - + EMAPA - + EHDAA2 @@ -438535,7 +438536,7 @@ - + EHDAA2:0001498 EHDAA:818 EMAPA:16242 @@ -438545,14 +438546,14 @@ early vein that gives rise to various sinuses primary head vein - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -438562,8 +438563,8 @@ - - + + @@ -438594,24 +438595,24 @@ The embryonic ventricle or primitive ventricle of the developing heart gives rise to the trabeculated parts of the left and right ventricles. In contrast, the smooth parts of the left and right ventricles originate from the embryological bulbus cordis. The primitive ventricle becomes divided by a septum, the septum inferius or ventricular septum, which grows upward from the lower part of the ventricle, its position being indicated on the surface of the heart by a furrow. Its dorsal part increases more rapidly than its ventral portion, and fuses with the dorsal part of the septum intermedium. For a time an interventricular foramen exists above its ventral portion, but this foramen is ultimately closed by the fusion of the aortic septum with the ventricular septum[WP] future cardiac ventricle - + - + - + ZFA - + EMAPA @@ -438657,7 +438658,7 @@ - + Future brain vesicle that gives rise to telencephalic ventricle/lateral ventricles and 3rd ventricle. The early development of most vertebrate brains is similar (...). The zebrafish neural tube follows the same basic differentiation pattern as the mammalian neural tube (reference 1); The brain develops from three embryonic enlargements of the neural tube, which later differentiate into five regions. A forebrain differentiates into telencephalon and diencephalon. The midbrain, or mesencephalon, remains undivided. The hindbrain divides into the metencephalon and myelencephalon. Cavities within the brain enlarge to form a series of interconnected ventricles (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] DHBA:10595 @@ -438677,14 +438678,14 @@ UBERON:0006284 early prosencephalic vesicle - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -438795,7 +438796,7 @@ - + @@ -438811,14 +438812,14 @@ UBERON:0006286 radius cartilage element - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -438896,7 +438897,7 @@ - + @@ -438913,7 +438914,7 @@ rib cartilage element - + @@ -438926,7 +438927,7 @@ - + EHDAA2 @@ -438954,7 +438955,7 @@ - + @@ -438977,7 +438978,7 @@ rib pre-cartilage condensation - + @@ -438990,7 +438991,7 @@ - + EHDAA2-abduced ZFA @@ -439025,7 +439026,7 @@ - + @@ -439042,14 +439043,14 @@ scapula cartilage element - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -439076,7 +439077,7 @@ - + @@ -439100,14 +439101,14 @@ scapula pre-cartilage condensation - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -439136,7 +439137,7 @@ - + @@ -439152,7 +439153,7 @@ shoulder joint primordium - + @@ -439165,7 +439166,7 @@ - + EHDAA2 @@ -439183,7 +439184,7 @@ - + A dense syncitial-like mesenchymal thickening in the dorsal mesogastrium[ISBN]. the embryonic connective tissue made up of loosely aggregated mesenchymal cells, supported by interlaminar jelly, that gives rise to the developing spleen[MP]. check difference between splenic and spleen in EMAPA; note that in EHDAA2 the class 'spleen' refers to the mesenchyme UBERON:0009750 @@ -439200,7 +439201,7 @@ spleen primordium - + @@ -439213,7 +439214,7 @@ - + XAO @@ -439272,8 +439273,8 @@ - - + + A stapes endochondral element that is composed primarily of a pre-cartilage condensation. independent of the mesenchymal condensation that will form the otic capsule EHDAA2:0001910 @@ -439286,24 +439287,24 @@ stapes pre-cartilage condensation - + - + - + EHDAA2 - + cranial end DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2005.00441.x EHDAA2 @@ -439334,7 +439335,7 @@ - + EHDAA2:0001912 EHDAA:9565 EMAPA:18345 @@ -439344,7 +439345,7 @@ sternebral bone pre-cartilage condensation - + @@ -439357,7 +439358,7 @@ - + EHDAA2 @@ -439634,7 +439635,7 @@ - + EHDAA:924 EMAPA:16663 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0002089 @@ -439646,14 +439647,14 @@ See: https://github.com/obophenotype/mouse-anatomy-ontology/issues/13 and https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/693 -- consider merging into trigeminal ganglion, as this complicates the model future trigeminal ganglion - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -439764,14 +439765,14 @@ - + - + Ventral part of the cloacal membrane separating the gut from the fetus external environment. [TFD][VHOG] EHDAA2:0004025 EHDAA:7011 @@ -439785,24 +439786,24 @@ During the 7th week the urorectal septum divides the cloacal membrane into a urogenital membrane (ventrally) and an anal membrane (dorsally) [http://www.embryology.ch/anglais/ugenital/genitexterne01.html] urogenital membrane - + - + - + EHDAA2 - + EHDAA2 @@ -440182,9 +440183,9 @@ - - - + + + Thin, narrow muscle placed near the anterior margin of the floor of the orbit. The ability to rotate the eyeball is common to all vertebrates with well-developed eyes, regardless of the habitat in which they live, so these [extrinsic ocular] muscles tend to be conservative. They change little during the course of evolution.[well established][VHOG] @@ -440216,15 +440217,15 @@ inferior oblique extraocular muscle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e8/Eyemuscles.png - + - + - + @@ -440237,20 +440238,20 @@ - + dbpedia - + orbital surface of the maxilla lateral to the lacrimal groove dbpedia - + laterally onto the eyeball deep to the lateral rectus by a short flat tendon dbpedia @@ -440332,14 +440333,14 @@ - + - + The superior oblique muscle, or obliquus oculi superior, is a fusiform muscle in the upper, medial side of the orbit whose primary action is downward, lateral rotation of the eye. One of the extraocular muscles, the superior oblique is the only muscle innervated by the trochlear nerve (the fourth cranial nerve). Cranial nerve IV innervated; dorsal in the obliquus group.[AAO] @@ -440370,11 +440371,11 @@ superior oblique extraocular muscle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e8/Eyemuscles.png - + - + @@ -440387,13 +440388,13 @@ - + dbpedia - + Outer posterior quadrant of the eyeball dbpedia @@ -440585,7 +440586,7 @@ - + The superior rectus muscle is a muscle in the orbit. It is one of the extraocular muscles. It is innervated by the superior division of the oculomotor nerve (Cranial Nerve III). In the primary position (looking straight ahead), the superior rectus muscle's primary function is elevation, although it also contributes to intorsion and adduction. The ability to rotate the eyeball is common to all vertebrates with well-developed eyes, regardless of the habitat in which they live, so these [extrinsic ocular] muscles tend to be conservative. They change little during the course of evolution.[well established][VHOG] @@ -440615,7 +440616,7 @@ superior rectus extraocular muscle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e8/Eyemuscles.png - + @@ -440628,7 +440629,7 @@ - + dbpedia @@ -440846,8 +440847,8 @@ - - + + The superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle is a quadrilateral muscle, thinner and paler than the inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle and middle pharyngeal constrictor muscle. [WP,unvetted]. The superior constrictor is a muscle that is an integral part of the pharyngeal tube that is attached to the mandible, pterygomandibular raphe, basioccipital bone, pterygoid process and midline raphe and is innervated by Cranial Nerve X via the pharyngeal plexus.[FEED] EMAPA:18966 @@ -440869,25 +440870,25 @@ superior pharyngeal constrictor http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ac/Musculusconstrictorpharyngissuperior.png - + - + - + pharyngeal plexus Wikipedia - + dbpedia @@ -441542,7 +441543,7 @@ - + EMAPA:18047 FMA:20677 MA:0000444 @@ -441552,7 +441553,7 @@ Compare with lesser sac / omental bursa and its cavities / recesses left subhepatic recess - + @@ -441565,7 +441566,7 @@ - + unverified @@ -441702,14 +441703,14 @@ - + - + A small artery that passes through the ring of the stapes; while the stapedial artery is a temporary artery thought to disappear at late embryonic stage in humans, the mouse stapedial artery is complete by E13 and persists into adulthood[MP]. EHDAA2:0001908 @@ -441728,11 +441729,11 @@ stapedial artery - + - + @@ -441745,13 +441746,13 @@ - + EHDAA2 - + EHDAA2 @@ -442030,7 +442031,7 @@ - + The vasa hyaloidea propria and tunica vasculosa lentis are small branches of the hyaloid artery which fill the primary vitreous. EMAPA:18236 FMA:312395 @@ -442039,14 +442040,14 @@ UBERON:0006358 vasa hyaloidea propria - + - + EMAPA @@ -442176,8 +442177,8 @@ - - + + @@ -442192,24 +442193,24 @@ perihilar interstitium - + - + - + MA - + MA @@ -442265,9 +442266,9 @@ - - - + + + Missing definition for term UBERON:0006376. Please replace it using linked reference. https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=3123600&group_id=76834&atid=1205376 EMAPA:29671 @@ -442281,34 +442282,34 @@ UBERON:0006376 premacula segment of distal straight tubule - + - + - + - + MA - + MA - + MA @@ -442514,7 +442515,7 @@ - + @@ -442538,7 +442539,7 @@ "Endochondral ossification of the ventromedial portion of the braincase." [AAO:0000040] // "An endochondral bone that is located ventral to the pterosphenoid and dorsal to the parasphenoid. Basisphenoid is a median bone that is usually Y-shaped." [TAO:0000169] basisphenoid bone - + @@ -442551,7 +442552,7 @@ - + cjm @@ -442765,7 +442766,7 @@ - + The unique bone located in the glans penis of most mammals except humans; it is used for copulation and varies in size and shape by species. found in most mammals, with the exception of humans @@ -442782,14 +442783,14 @@ os penis - + - + Wikipedia @@ -442906,7 +442907,7 @@ - + @@ -442938,14 +442939,14 @@ os clitoris - + - + Wikipedia @@ -442979,7 +442980,7 @@ - + FMA:20676 SCTID:36051002 hepatic recess @@ -442988,14 +442989,14 @@ UBERON:0006442 subhepatic recess - + - + MA-abduced @@ -444769,7 +444770,7 @@ - + B09-18 BIRNLEX:1749 DHBA:10271 @@ -444800,14 +444801,14 @@ UBERON:0006473 Brodmann (1909) area 18 - + - + WP @@ -445832,7 +445833,7 @@ - + Part of the cytoarchitecturally defined frontal region of cerebral cortex. In the human, it occupies the triangular part of the inferior frontal gyrus (human) and, surrounding the anterior horizontal limb of the lateral sulcus (human), a portion of the orbital part of the inferior frontal gyrus (human). Bounded caudally by the anterior ascending limb of the lateral sulcus (human), it borders on the insula in the depth of the lateral sulcus. Cytoarchitectonically it is bounded caudally by the opercular area 44, rostrodorsally by the area 46 of Brodmann (human) and ventrally by the area 47 of Brodmann (human) (Brodmann-1909) (Adapted from Brain Info). Brodmann area 45 (BA45), is part of the frontal cortex in the human brain. Situated on the lateral surface, inferior to BA9 and adjacent to BA46. This area is also known as pars triangular (of the inferior frontal gyrus). In the human, it occupies the triangular part of inferior frontal gyrus (H) and, surrounding the anterior horizontal limb of lateral sulcus (H), a portion of the orbital part of inferior frontal gyrus (H). Bounded caudally by the anterior ascending limb of lateral sulcus (H), it borders on the insula in the depth of the lateral sulcus. In terms of cytoarchitecture, it is bounded caudally by the opercular area 44 (BA44), rostrodorsally by the middle frontal area 46 (BA46), and ventrally by the orbital area 47 (BA47) (Brodmann-1909)[Wikipedia:Brodmann_area_45]. B09-45 @@ -445856,14 +445857,14 @@ UBERON:0006482 Brodmann (1909) area 45 - + - + NIFSTD @@ -446740,7 +446741,7 @@ - + EMAPA:37423 FMA:55348 MA:0001760 @@ -446751,7 +446752,7 @@ UBERON:0006494 apex of arytenoid - + @@ -446764,7 +446765,7 @@ - + MA @@ -446793,7 +446794,7 @@ - + EMAPA:35621 FMA:75666 MA:0001183 @@ -446804,14 +446805,14 @@ Design pattern note: check if conforms to foramen pattern osseus cochlear canal - + - + MA @@ -446979,7 +446980,7 @@ - + The most superior muscles in the sole of the foot that abduct the second to fourth toes. These four muscles also act through the dorsal expansions to resist extension of the metatarsophalangeal joints and flexion of the interphalangeal joints. EMAPA:37517 FMA:37457 @@ -446998,14 +446999,14 @@ dorsal pes interosseous muscle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/57/Gray446.png - + - + dbpedia @@ -447065,7 +447066,7 @@ - + Any of three muscles with origin from the third, fourth, and fifth metatarsal bones, with insertion to the proximal phalanx of the same toes, with nerve supply from the lateral plantar nerve, and whose action adducts the three lateral toes. EMAPA:37518 FMA:37458 @@ -447083,14 +447084,14 @@ plantar interosseous muscle of pes http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/21/Gray447.png - + - + dbpedia @@ -447230,7 +447231,7 @@ - + Any of the muscles of the autopod region that lie between metacarpal or metatarsal bones. interosseous Wikipedia:Interossei @@ -447241,14 +447242,14 @@ UBERON:0006508 interosseous muscle of autopod - + - + cjm @@ -447271,7 +447272,7 @@ - + Part of what are called the basal ganglia of the brain which consist of the globus pallidus and the ventral pallidum. BAMS:PAL @@ -447287,14 +447288,14 @@ UBERON:0006514 pallidum - + - + MA @@ -447336,7 +447337,7 @@ - + The predominant portion of the globus pallidus in the striatopallidal system, which is defined by connectivity and neurochemical staining. The dorsal pallidum is distinguished from the ventral pallidum by a boundary that is partially defined by the anterior commissure. The remainder of the boundary is indistinct in sections stained for Nissl substance ( Heimer-1995 ). BAMS:PALd BTO:0004376 @@ -447350,7 +447351,7 @@ UBERON:0006516 dorsal pallidum - + @@ -447363,7 +447364,7 @@ - + BTO @@ -448288,8 +448289,8 @@ - - + + An organ system subdivision that is a network of vessels capable of removing accumulating protein and fluid from the interstitial space and returning it to the vascular space. In some species, this network is connected to the immune system via lymph nodes and lymphocyte-producing organs, with the whole being the lymphoid system. consider merging with lymph vasculature Part of the circulatory system which consists of a series of vessels which collect blood (exclusive of erythrocytes) which seep through capillary walls and return it to the veins.[AAO] @@ -448314,24 +448315,24 @@ lymphatic part of lymphoid system - + - + - + AAO - + FMA MA @@ -449305,7 +449306,7 @@ - + @@ -449320,14 +449321,14 @@ UBERON:0006585 vestibular organ - + - + NIFSTD @@ -449355,7 +449356,7 @@ - + @@ -449376,7 +449377,7 @@ UBERON:0006586 otolymph - + @@ -449389,7 +449390,7 @@ - + Wikipedia:Perilymph @@ -449489,7 +449490,7 @@ - + @@ -449514,14 +449515,14 @@ https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/liver-female/v1.2/assets/3d-vh-f-liver.glb https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/liver-male/v1.2/assets/3d-vh-m-liver.glb - + - + Wikipedia @@ -449578,7 +449579,7 @@ - + The round ligament of the uterus originates at the uterine horns, in the parametrium. It leaves the pelvis via the deep inguinal ring, passes through the inguinal canal and continues on to the labia majora where its fibers spread and mix with the tissue of the mons pubis[WP]. A fibromuscular band that attaches to the uterus and then passes along the broad ligament, out through the inguinal ring, and into the labium majus[MESH]. round ligament FMA:20420 @@ -449598,7 +449599,7 @@ round ligament of uterus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/76/Gray1138.png - + @@ -449611,7 +449612,7 @@ - + lower gubernaculum Wikipedia @@ -449970,14 +449971,14 @@ - + - + Ossified pars articularis of the palatoquadrate cartilage. Endochondral bone that commonly articulates with the ectopterygoid anteriorly, the metapterygoid dorsally, and the symplectic postero-medially. The quadrate is formed from the posterior part of the palatoquadrate cartilage, or pars quadrata. The quadrate is a paired bone.[TAO] @@ -450001,24 +450002,24 @@ quadrate bone - + - + - + AAO - + ZFA @@ -450225,7 +450226,7 @@ - + @@ -450242,14 +450243,14 @@ presumptive enteric nervous system - + - + NCBIBook:NBK10065 @@ -450423,7 +450424,7 @@ - + Unpaired thin dorsal sheet of cartilage that partially covers the posterior chondrocranium. Roof between frontoparietal foramen and otic capsules, confluent with taenia tecti marginales.[AAO] relationship loss: part_of braincase and otic capsule skeleton (AAO:0000052)[AAO] @@ -450437,7 +450438,7 @@ UBERON:0006605 tectum synoticum - + @@ -450450,7 +450451,7 @@ - + ZFA @@ -450521,7 +450522,7 @@ - + A cartilaginous joint that connects left and right mandibles/dentary bones. Mandibular symphysis is unpaired[TAO,modified]. this is placed as part of lower jaw region, as in this ontology the skeleton does not include joints Joint that articulates the left and right dentary bones. Mandibular symphysis is unpaired.[TAO] @@ -450545,7 +450546,7 @@ mandibular symphysis http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/Gray176.png - + @@ -450558,7 +450559,7 @@ - + connects adjacent mandibles @@ -450941,8 +450942,8 @@ - - + + A sheet of extracellular matrix. Aponeuroses are layers of flat broad tendons. They have a shiny, whitish-silvery color, and are histologically similar to tendons, but are very sparingly supplied with blood vessels and nerves. When dissected, aponeuroses are papery, and peel off by sections. The primary regions with thick aponeurosis is in the ventral abdominal region, the dorsal lumbar region, and in the palmar region. Their primary function is to join muscles and the body parts the muscles act upon[Wikipedia:Aponeurosis]. in ZFA, aponeuroses are subtypes of tendons, but this is inconsistent with tendons being muscle-bone connections @@ -450962,11 +450963,11 @@ aponeurosis http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e6/Aponeurosis.png - + - + @@ -450979,13 +450980,13 @@ - + FMA - + AEO @@ -451538,7 +451539,7 @@ - + @@ -451562,7 +451563,7 @@ coracoid process of scapula http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a6/Gray205_left_scapula_lateral_view.png - + @@ -451575,7 +451576,7 @@ - + EMAPA FMA @@ -452267,7 +452268,7 @@ - + The dense fibrous connective tissue layer that covers the testis. The layer of connective tissue covering the testicles. [Wikipedia_(15/09/09)][VHOG] The tunica albuginea testis is the major component of the capsule of mammalian testes. (...) Our results from studying the mole provide evidence that the spatio-temporal pattern of testis development is not perfectly conserved in mammals, since we found differences with respect to the mouse testis organogenesis. This fact is even more significant when we consider that, apart from the mouse, the mole is probably the one of the best-known mammalian species in terms of the genetic control of testis development, implying that more peculiarities would be found if more species were investigated.[uncertain][VHOG] @@ -452290,14 +452291,14 @@ UBERON:0006643 tunica albuginea of testis - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -452658,9 +452659,9 @@ - - - + + + @@ -452681,15 +452682,15 @@ Some sources consider it a part of the broad ligament of uterus[2] while other sources just consider it a "termination" of the ligament.[3] suspensory ligament of ovary - + - + - + @@ -452702,19 +452703,19 @@ - + FMA-modified - + Wikipedia - + Wikipedia @@ -452744,14 +452745,14 @@ - + - + The outer coelomic epithelial covering of the testis; a sac of serous tissue covering the testis and the epididymis within which the testis can move about; it covers the tunica albuginea. The tunica vaginalis is the serous covering of the testis. It is a pouch of serous membrane, derived from the saccus vaginalis of the peritoneum, which in the fetus preceded the descent of the testis from the abdomen into the scrotum. After its descent, that portion of the pouch which extends from the abdominal inguinal ring to near the upper part of the gland becomes obliterated; the lower portion remains as a shut sac, which invests the surface of the testis, and is reflected on to the internal surface of the scrotum; hence it may be described as consisting of a visceral and a parietal lamina. tunica vaginalis testis has two layers: visceral and parietal; the visceral layer lies on the anterolateral surface of the testis and epididymis; the parietal layer lines the inner surface of the scrotal sac @@ -452776,11 +452777,11 @@ tunica vaginalis testis http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4d/Gray1148.png - + - + @@ -452793,13 +452794,13 @@ - + EMAPA - + Wikipedia @@ -452865,9 +452866,9 @@ - - - + + + The appendix testis is a vestigial remnant of the Mullerian duct, present on the upper pole of the testis and attached to the tunica vaginalis. It is present about 90% of the time. the label hydatid of morgagni is ambiguous w.r.t male vs female. The ncita structure 'hydatic of morgani' is male and thus belongs here. a cystlike remnant of the müllerian duct on the upper end of the testis; corresponding female structure: one of the small pedunculated structures attached to the uterine tubes near their fimbriated end; remnants of the mesonephric ducts[http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/]. @@ -452894,34 +452895,34 @@ appendix testis http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4d/Gray1148.png - + - + - + - + EMAPA - + cjm - + Wikipedia @@ -453073,7 +453074,7 @@ - + Erectile tissue at the end of the clitoris, which is continuous with the intermediate part of the vestibulovaginal bulbs[BTO]. The clitoral glans (glans clitoridis) is an external portion of the clitoris[WP]. BTO:0003117 EMAPA:30829 @@ -453091,14 +453092,14 @@ glans clitoris http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/Clitoris_inner_anatomy.gif - + - + cjm @@ -453310,7 +453311,7 @@ - + The deep dorsal vein of the penis lies beneath the deep fascia of the penis; it receives the blood from the glans penis and corpora cavernosa penis and courses backward in the middle line between the dorsal arteries; near the root of the penis it passes between the two parts of the suspensory ligament and then through an aperture between the arcuate pubic ligament and the transverse ligament of the pelvis, and divides into two branches, which enter the pudendal plexus. The deep vein also communicates below the symphysis pubis with the internal pudendal vein. EMAPA:19219 @@ -453322,14 +453323,14 @@ deep dorsal vein of penis - + - + FMA/obol @@ -453351,7 +453352,7 @@ - + Anatomical cavity for the proximal articular surface of the proximal limb or fin element with the scapulocoracoid or equivalent structure. Cavity for the articulation of the forelimb formed by the scapula, coracoid, and clavicle.[AAO] relationship loss: part_of scapular area (AAO:0000935)[AAO] @@ -453378,14 +453379,14 @@ glenoid fossa http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ec/Gray328.png - + - + to be revised after scapulocoracoid fixes @@ -453495,8 +453496,8 @@ - - + + A joint that connects one phalanx to another along a proximodistal axis. Hinge joints between the phalanges of the hand or foot[ncithesaurus:Interphalangeal_Joint]. EMAPA:37884 @@ -453510,24 +453511,24 @@ interphalangeal joint - + - + - + cjm - + two phalanges in series @@ -453720,7 +453721,7 @@ - + The galea aponeurotica (epicranial aponeurosis, aponeurosis epicranialis) is a tough layer of dense fibrous tissue which covers the upper part of the cranium; behind, it is attached, in the interval between its union with the Occipitales, to the external occipital protuberance and highest nuchal lines of the occipital bone; in front, it forms a short and narrow prolongation between its union with the Frontales. On either side it gives origin to the Auriculares anterior and superior; in this situation it loses its aponeurotic character, and is continued over the temporal fascia to the zygomatic arch as a layer of laminated areolar tissue. It is closely connected to the integument by the firm, dense, fibro-fatty layer which forms the superficial fascia of the scalp: it is attached to the pericranium by loose cellular tissue, which allows the aponeurosis, carrying with it the integument to move through a considerable distance. EMAPA:19210 FMA:46768 @@ -453741,14 +453742,14 @@ epicranial aponeurosis http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fa/Gray378.png - + - + FMA @@ -453884,8 +453885,8 @@ - - + + The hemiazygos vein (vena azygos minor inferior) is a vein running superiorly in the lower thoracic region, just to the left side of the vertebral column. The major anatomic variation between the pig and other mammalian species is the presence of the large left azygos vein, which enters the coronary sinus (Fig. 1). In other mammals, hemiazygos vein enters the pre- cava. @@ -453907,24 +453908,24 @@ hemiazygos vein http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3e/Gray480.png - + - + - + ISBN:0443065837 - + FMA/obol @@ -454030,7 +454031,7 @@ - + The accessory hemiazygos vein (vena azygos minor superior) is a vein on the left side of the vertebral column that generally drains the fifth through eighth intercostal spaces on the left side of the body[WP]. TODO - add superclass @@ -454048,14 +454049,14 @@ accessory hemiazygos vein http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3e/Gray480.png - + - + FMA/obol @@ -454292,7 +454293,7 @@ - + @@ -454316,14 +454317,14 @@ alveolar canal http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/71/Gray157.png - + - + EMAPA @@ -454348,14 +454349,14 @@ - + - + The three-lobed cloverleaf-shaped aponeurosis situated at the center of the diaphragm; the central tendon is fused with the fibrous pericardium that provides attachment for the muscle fibers. In mammals, the diaphragm muscle divides the thoracoabdominal cavity into thorax and abdomen. In most mammals, the diaphragm is a flat sheet with muscle fibers radiating outward from a central tendon, and the diaphragm's apposition to the cranial surface of the liver gives it a dome-shape. Muscle fiber contraction reduces the curvature of the dome, thereby expanding the thoracic cavity and aspirating air into the lungs.[well established][VHOG] EMAPA:17702 @@ -454373,24 +454374,24 @@ central tendon of diaphragm - + - + - + VHOG - + definitional @@ -454455,7 +454456,7 @@ - + A fat pad that is part of a orbital region. EMAPA:19152 FMA:59005 @@ -454470,14 +454471,14 @@ UBERON:0006671 orbital fat pad - + - + inferred @@ -454530,7 +454531,7 @@ - + @@ -454548,14 +454549,14 @@ Design pattern notes: see also incisive duct and foramen incisive canal - + - + EMAPA @@ -455276,7 +455277,7 @@ - + On the lower surface of the basilar part of occipital bone, about 1 cm. in front of the foramen magnum, is the pharyngeal tubercle which gives attachment to the fibrous raphC) of the pharynx, also known as the pharyngeal raphe. This is the point of attachment for the superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle. EMAPA:19250 FMA:75746 @@ -455285,7 +455286,7 @@ UBERON:0006685 pharyngeal tubercle - + @@ -455298,7 +455299,7 @@ - + EMAPA @@ -455376,7 +455377,7 @@ - + The median sacral vein (or middle sacral veins) accompany the corresponding artery along the front of the sacrum, and join to form a single vein, which ends in the left common iliac vein; sometimes in the angle of junction of the two iliac veins. EMAPA:26064 @@ -455389,14 +455390,14 @@ https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/blood-vasculature-female/v1.3/assets/3d-vh-f-blood-vasculature.glb https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/blood-vasculature-male/v1.3/assets/3d-vh-m-blood-vasculature.glb - + - + FMA/obol @@ -455551,7 +455552,7 @@ - + The deep dorsal vein of clitoris is a vein which drains to the vesical plexus. EMAPA:19218 @@ -455563,14 +455564,14 @@ deep dorsal vein of clitoris - + - + FMA/obol @@ -456206,7 +456207,7 @@ - + @@ -456241,14 +456242,14 @@ foramen cecum of tongue https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/Foramen_caecum.png - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -456367,7 +456368,7 @@ - + @@ -456390,14 +456391,14 @@ UBERON:0006714 tibiofibula - + - + AAO @@ -456505,7 +456506,7 @@ - + @@ -456535,14 +456536,14 @@ UBERON:0006716 mesopodium region - + - + MA:th @@ -456668,7 +456669,7 @@ - + The medial pterygoid is a pharyngeal arch 1 muscle that participates in oral/pharyngeal behaviors and is innervated by the nerve to the medial pterygoid and attaches to the cranial base and the medial side of the mandibular angle. @@ -456699,14 +456700,14 @@ medial pterygoid muscle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ec/Musculuspterygoideusmedialis.png - + - + MFMO @@ -456831,8 +456832,8 @@ - - + + Pharyngeal arch 1 muscle that participates in oral/pharyngeal behaviors, is innervated by the lateral pterygoid nerve branches, and attaches to the condylar process of the mandible and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) capsule, and the cranial base. Pharyngeal arch 1 muscle that participates in oral/pharyngeal behaviors, is innervated by the lateral pterygoid nerve branches, and attaches to the condylar process of the mandible and TMJ capsule, and the cranial base.[FEED] @@ -456867,25 +456868,25 @@ https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/539 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bb/Musculuspterygoideuslateralis.png - + - + - + Great wing of sphenoid and pterygoid plate dbpedia - + dbpedia @@ -457016,7 +457017,7 @@ - + We use this class to group the medial and lateral pterygoids of mammals as well as the pterygoideus of amphibians and reptiles. Note that FEED includes a distinct class for the reptilian pterygoideus. In future, this branch of the ontology may be refined to include a more complete classification of jaw adductors across gnathostomes. See for example DOI:10.1134/S1062359010090050 AAO:0010730 EMAPA:25139 @@ -457031,14 +457032,14 @@ pterygoid muscle - + - + generalized dbpedia @@ -457072,9 +457073,9 @@ - - - + + + @@ -457109,15 +457110,15 @@ alisphenoid bone http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/35/Gray145.png - + - + - + @@ -457130,19 +457131,19 @@ - + MA - + FMA-abduced-lr - + ISBN:1588903958 @@ -457225,7 +457226,7 @@ - + @@ -457250,14 +457251,14 @@ manubrium of malleus - + - + cjm @@ -457328,7 +457329,7 @@ - + @@ -457357,14 +457358,14 @@ cochlear modiolus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/16/Gray921.png - + - + MA @@ -457421,7 +457422,7 @@ - + The osseous spiral lamina is a bony shelf or ledge which projects from the modiolus into the interior of the canal, and, like the canal, takes two-and-three-quarter turns around the modiolus. It reaches about half-way toward the outer wall of the tube, and partially divides its cavity into two passages or scalae, of which the upper is named the scala vestibuli, while the lower is termed the scala tympani. EMAPA:35622 FMA:77710 @@ -457440,14 +457441,14 @@ UBERON:0006724 osseus spiral lamina - + - + FMA @@ -457508,7 +457509,7 @@ - + A spiral thickening of the fibrous lining of the cochlear wall. Spiral ligament secures the membranous cochlear duct to the bony spiral canal of the cochlea. Its spiral ligament fibrocytes function in conjunction with the stria vascularis to mediate cochlear ion homeostasis. this is not classified as a ligament in FMA UBERON:0028186 @@ -457529,14 +457530,14 @@ spiral ligament - + - + MESH-def @@ -458077,7 +458078,7 @@ - + Mammals typically have four parathyroids, while other groups typically have six EHDAA2:0001954 @@ -458094,14 +458095,14 @@ superior parathyroid gland - + - + FMA-abduced-lr @@ -458131,9 +458132,9 @@ - - - + + + Mammals typically have four parathyroids, while other groups typically have six EHDAA2:0000821 EHDAA:3864 @@ -458150,34 +458151,34 @@ inferior parathyroid gland - + - + - + - + FMA-abduced-lr - + http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/845125-overview - + epithelium EHDAA2 @@ -458212,7 +458213,7 @@ - + @@ -458237,14 +458238,14 @@ median lingual swelling http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5c/Gray979.png - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -458486,7 +458487,7 @@ - + @@ -458499,7 +458500,7 @@ - + The zonule of Zinn (Zinn's membrane, ciliary zonule) is a ring of fibrous strands connecting the ciliary body with the crystalline lens of the eye. The zonule of Zinn is split into two layers: a thin layer, which lines the hyaloid fossa, and a thicker layer, which is a collection of zonular fibers. Together, the fibers are known as the suspensory ligament of the lens[WP]. Modified or toughened vitreous that suspend the lens at the equator to the non-pigmented epithelium of the ciliary zone. In zebrafish, dorsal zonules are thickened as compared to ventral zonules. In both dorsal and ventral regions, these fibers delimit the vitreous body aqueous humor boundary[ZFA]. FMA:58838 @@ -458524,11 +458525,11 @@ suspensory ligament of lens http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/Schematic_diagram_of_the_human_eye_en.svg - + - + @@ -458541,13 +458542,13 @@ - + FMA - + ZFA @@ -458628,13 +458629,13 @@ - + - + Layer of nonkeratinized squamous epithelium lining the conjunctiva, overlying scleral tissue. BTO:0005131 EFO:0001916 @@ -458649,7 +458650,7 @@ epithelium of conjunctiva - + @@ -458662,7 +458663,7 @@ - + BTO @@ -460361,7 +460362,7 @@ - + A nerve that transmits nerve impulses from the central nervous system to effectors such as muscles or glands. AEO:0000202 @@ -460376,14 +460377,14 @@ UBERON:0006798 efferent nerve - + - + AEO @@ -460619,7 +460620,7 @@ - + @@ -460648,14 +460649,14 @@ obturator foramen http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/ff/Skeletpelvis-pubis.jpg - + - + AAO @@ -460870,7 +460871,7 @@ - + A bony projection on the distal epiphysis of the humerus that is the attachment site for the flexor muscles of the manus. This condyle faces posteriorly (for sprawling tetrapods) or medially (for erect tetrapods). Rounded projection at the distal head of the humerus and medial to the humeral head, which serves as a place of attachment for the flexor muscles antogonistic to those that attach to the lateral epicondyle.[AAO] entepicondylar @@ -460893,14 +460894,14 @@ entepicondyle of humerus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6c/Gray329-Medial_epicondyle_of_the_humerus.png - + - + FMA @@ -460977,7 +460978,7 @@ - + A bony projection on the distal epiphysis of the humerus that is the attachment site for the extensor muscles of the distal parts of the forelimb. In humans, this is known as the lateral epicondyle, but the position varies across tetrapods. Rounded projection at the distal head of the humerus (larger and more prominent than the lateral epicondyle) and lateral to the humeral head, which serves as a place of attachment for the mm extensor antebrachii et carpi radialis, extensor digitorum communis, and in part to the m extensor antebrachii et carpi ulnaris.[AAO] ectepicondyle @@ -460998,14 +460999,14 @@ ectepicondyle of humerus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c6/Gray420.png - + - + FMA @@ -461328,8 +461329,8 @@ - - + + @@ -461346,11 +461347,11 @@ nasal skeleton - + - + @@ -461363,13 +461364,13 @@ - + FMA - + facial series Kardong-abduced @@ -461398,7 +461399,7 @@ - + @@ -461419,7 +461420,7 @@ UBERON:0006815 areolar connective tissue - + @@ -461432,7 +461433,7 @@ - + FMA @@ -462578,7 +462579,7 @@ - + A raised area of the biting surface of a tooth. this class may be obsoleted and split - the TAO class is generic, the mammalian class refers specifically to a molariform tooth Anatomical structure that is a natural outgrowth, prominence, or point that is part of the surface of a tooth.[TAO] @@ -462597,7 +462598,7 @@ cusp of tooth - + @@ -462610,7 +462611,7 @@ - + FMA @@ -462814,7 +462815,7 @@ - + @@ -462829,14 +462830,14 @@ UBERON:0006848 posterior pretectal nucleus - + - + ISBN:0471888893 @@ -462889,8 +462890,8 @@ - - + + @@ -462939,24 +462940,24 @@ scapula https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/59/Pectoral_girdles-en.svg - + - + - + ZFA - + definitional @@ -463114,12 +463115,12 @@ - + - + A region of nephron tubule that is part of a cortex of kidney. EMAPA:18976 MA:0002609 @@ -463129,14 +463130,14 @@ UBERON:0006853 renal cortex tubule - + - + MA @@ -463164,8 +463165,8 @@ - - + + https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=3123598&group_id=76834&atid=1205376 EMAPA:28402 MA:0002615 @@ -463177,24 +463178,24 @@ UBERON:0006854 distal straight tubule postmacula segment - + - + - + MA - + MA @@ -463240,7 +463241,7 @@ - + A muscular coat that is part of a ureter. FMA:15893 MA:0002654 @@ -463255,14 +463256,14 @@ UBERON:0006855 muscular coat of ureter - + - + FMA @@ -463319,9 +463320,9 @@ - - - + + + Structures in fishes homologous to the cortical tissue of the mammalian adrenal gland; they are in close proximity to or imbedded in the head kidney. check isa - not a true gland? There are two types of interrenal cells identified (1) The noradrenaline type, which contain heterogeneous vesicles with electron-dense granules located asymmetrically within the vesicular membrane. (2) The adrenaline type, in which the vesicles are smaller and contain homogenous electron-lucent granules that are separated from the vesicular membrane by a visible -- halo http://dev.biologists.org/content/130/10/2107.full An epithelial structure consisting of steroid producing cells interposed with chromaffin cells embedded within the head kidney. The interrenal gland is thought to be the equivalent of the mammalian adrenal cortex in zebrafish. Hsu et al. 2003.[TAO] @@ -463341,34 +463342,34 @@ interrenal gland - + - + - + - + ZFA - + ZFA - + DOI:10.1242/dev.00427 @@ -463570,7 +463571,7 @@ - + @@ -463611,7 +463612,7 @@ swim bladder - + @@ -463624,7 +463625,7 @@ - + Wikipedia @@ -463906,7 +463907,7 @@ - + A metaphysis that is part of a femur. EMAPA:37540 FMA:32875 @@ -463917,14 +463918,14 @@ metaphysis of femur - + - + true https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Inferring-part-of-relationships @@ -464149,7 +464150,7 @@ - + @@ -464162,7 +464163,7 @@ - + @@ -464185,24 +464186,24 @@ Dumont, et al. question whether the endostyle in ammocetes is homologous with that of the urochordates and cephalochordates[WP]. endostyle - + - + - + http://webs.lander.edu/rsfox/invertebrates/ammocoetes.html - + Wikipedia:Endostyle @@ -464587,7 +464588,7 @@ - + A head mesenchyme that develops_from a mesoderm. merged in 'head mesoderm' from XAO/AAO and EFO here. Partially implements https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/The-neural-crest NC meeting scheme AAO:0011051 @@ -464615,7 +464616,7 @@ head mesenchyme from mesoderm - + @@ -464628,7 +464629,7 @@ - + EHDAA2 XAO @@ -464731,7 +464732,7 @@ - + @@ -464754,14 +464755,14 @@ ala of nose http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e1/Gray852.png - + - + FMA-abduced-lr @@ -465950,13 +465951,13 @@ - + - - + + @@ -465973,11 +465974,11 @@ crista ampullaris neuroepithelium - + - + @@ -465990,13 +465991,13 @@ - + MA - + FMA @@ -466152,7 +466153,7 @@ - + @@ -466198,14 +466199,14 @@ efferent duct http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b5/Hodenschema.svg - + - + FMA @@ -466271,7 +466272,7 @@ - + @@ -466298,14 +466299,14 @@ male genital duct - + - + FMA-abduced-lr @@ -467024,7 +467025,7 @@ - + The stroma of the ovary is a peculiar soft tissue, abundantly supplied with blood vessels, consisting for the most part of spindle-shaped cells with a small amount of ordinary connective tissue. These cells have been regarded by some anatomists as unstriped muscle cells, which, indeed, they most resemble; by others as connective-tissue cells. On the surface of the organ this tissue is much condensed, and forms a layer composed of short connective-tissue fibers, with fusiform cells between them. The stroma of the ovary may contain interstitial cells resembling those of the testis. CALOHA:TS-1246 @@ -467046,14 +467047,14 @@ ovary stroma - + - + FMA @@ -467113,7 +467114,7 @@ - + The distal part of adenohypophysis: the part that makes up the main body of the gland. Region of the adenohypophysis which produces the follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, prolactin, thyrotropin, and adrenocorticotropin.[AAO] The anterior part of the adenohypophysis. [TFD][VHOG] @@ -467153,14 +467154,14 @@ pars distalis of adenohypophysis - + - + MA @@ -468303,7 +468304,7 @@ - + Cranial neural crest that migrates into the mandibular arch. TAO:0007064 XAO:0000024 @@ -468312,7 +468313,7 @@ UBERON:0007098 mandibular neural crest - + @@ -468325,7 +468326,7 @@ - + ZFA @@ -468341,7 +468342,7 @@ - + Cranial neural crest that migrates into the hyoid arch. TAO:0007065 XAO:0000025 @@ -468351,7 +468352,7 @@ UBERON:0007099 hyoid neural crest - + @@ -468364,7 +468365,7 @@ - + ZFA @@ -468389,7 +468390,7 @@ - + @@ -468400,7 +468401,7 @@ - + A hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood or analogs[GO,modified]. note we reserve the subclass 'heart' from the vertebrate multi-chambered heart. 'The first heart-like organ is believed to have appeared 500my ago in an ancestral bilaterian'. Amniotes: four-chambered heart. Amphibians: two atria, one ventricle, pulmonary; fish: single atrium and ventricle; amphioxus: tubular, non-striated, closed, unidirectional; ascidians: tubular, striated, open, bidirectional; arthropods: tubular, open; C elegans: contractile pharynx; Cnideria: striated muscle cells associated with gastrodermis @@ -468415,14 +468416,14 @@ Gene notes: Bmp, Nkx, Gata primary circulatory organ - + - + GO uses blood circulation generically to include the haemolymphatic fluid of arthropods @@ -468524,8 +468525,8 @@ - - + + One of the minute vascular projections of the fetal chorion that combines with maternal uterine tissue to form the placenta. The mouse and human placentas have labyrinthine and villous types of interdigitation between maternal and fetal tissues, respectively The bulk of the villi consist of connective tissues in which blood vessels are found. Most of the cells in the connective tissue core of the villi are fibroblasts. Macrophages known as Hofbauer cells are also present. @@ -468553,24 +468554,24 @@ chorionic villus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/Gray29.png - + - + - + BTO - + MP-def @@ -468667,7 +468668,7 @@ - + @@ -468686,14 +468687,14 @@ UBERON:0007108 vernix caseosa - + - + MP @@ -470440,7 +470441,7 @@ - + Teleost head kidney consists of fused bilateral lobes located in the anterior part of the kidney. It is analogous to the mammalian bone marrow and the primary site of definitive hematopoiesis[ZFA,modified]. The zebrafish head kidney consists of fused bilateral lobes located in the anterior part of the kidney. It is analogous to the mammalian bone marrow and the primary site of definitive hematopoiesis. Davidson and Zon 2004.[TAO] @@ -470456,14 +470457,14 @@ head kidney - + - + cjm @@ -470943,7 +470944,7 @@ - + A spinal artery that arises from the vertebral artery, adjacent to the medulla oblongata[WP,modified]. EMAPA:18243 @@ -470958,14 +470959,14 @@ posterior spinal artery - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -471199,7 +471200,7 @@ - + A valve leafleft that is part of a mitral valve. Leaf of cardiac valve which has as its parts the anterior, and posterior leaflets that is attached to the chorda tendinea of left ventricle and to the frbrous ring of mitral valve. The mature AV (atrioventricular) valve of the adult zebrafish 2-chambered heart is structurally similar to the mammalian AV valves with stratified ECM (extracellular matrix) and supporting chordae tendineae. Therefore, the major cellular and molecular events of valve development are largely conserved among animals with hearts composed of multiple chambers.[uncertain][VHOG] @@ -471216,14 +471217,14 @@ mitral valve leaflet - + - + FMA-abduced @@ -471447,7 +471448,7 @@ - + A vein that drains into the internal thoracic vein, anastomosing with the inferior epigastric vein at the level of the umbilicus and drains the anterior part of the abdominal wall and some of the diaphragm. Along its course, it is accompanied by a similarly named artery, the superior epigastric artery. EMAPA:18761 @@ -471460,14 +471461,14 @@ superior epigastric vein - + - + FMA/obol @@ -472298,7 +472299,7 @@ - + The medial border of the scapula (vertebral border, medial margin) is the longest of the three borders, and extends from the medial to the inferior angle. It is arched, intermediate in thickness between the superior and the axillary borders, and the portion of it above the spine forms an obtuse angle with the part below. This border presents an anterior and a posterior lip, and an intermediate narrow area. The anterior lip affords attachment to the Serratus anterior; the posterior lip, to the Supraspinatus above the spine, the Infraspinatus below; the area between the two lips, to the Levator scapulC& above the triangular surface at the commencement of the spine, to the Rhomboideus minor on the edge of that surface, and to the Rhomboideus major below it; this last is attached by means of a fibrous arch, connected above to the lower part of the triangular surface at the base of the spine, and below to the lower part of the border. consider merging with UBERON:1500000 scapular blade, depending on https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/339. See also http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20136669 @@ -472319,7 +472320,7 @@ medial border of scapula - + @@ -472332,7 +472333,7 @@ - + PMID:20136669 @@ -473285,7 +473286,7 @@ - + The structure from the trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles that forms the airways that supply air to the lungs. The lining of the tracheobronchial tree consists of ciliated columnar epithelial cells. UBERON:0004102 @@ -473302,14 +473303,14 @@ tracheobronchial tree - + - + Wikipedia @@ -473939,14 +473940,14 @@ - + - + One of two subdivisions of the entorhinal cortex, located laterally. LEC BAMS:ENTl @@ -473965,24 +473966,24 @@ Connectivity notes: The lateral entorhinal cortex, for example, is strongly connected to the perirhinal cortex, olfactory and insular cortex and the amygdala.[http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Entorhinal_cortex] lateral entorhinal cortex - + - + - + MA - + MA @@ -474477,7 +474478,7 @@ - + relationship to Meckel's cartilage to be added Subsequent vertebrate evolution has also involved major alterations to the pharynx; perhaps the most notable occurred with the evolution of the gnathostomes. This involved substantial modifications to the most anterior pharyngeal segments, with the jaw forming from the first, anterior, pharyngeal segment, while the second formed its supporting apparatus, the hyoid.[well established][VHOG] EHDAA2:0000031 @@ -474491,14 +474492,14 @@ UBERON:0007237 1st arch mandibular component - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -474536,7 +474537,7 @@ - + relationship to palatoquadrate to be added Subsequent vertebrate evolution has also involved major alterations to the pharynx; perhaps the most notable occurred with the evolution of the gnathostomes. This involved substantial modifications to the most anterior pharyngeal segments, with the jaw forming from the first, anterior, pharyngeal segment, while the second formed its supporting apparatus, the hyoid.[well established][VHOG] EHDAA2:0000038 @@ -474546,14 +474547,14 @@ UBERON:0007238 1st arch maxillary component - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -474651,7 +474652,7 @@ - + A tunica adventitia that is part of a artery. EMAPA:36295 EV:0100030 @@ -474663,14 +474664,14 @@ UBERON:0007240 tunica adventitia of artery - + - + FMA @@ -475097,7 +475098,7 @@ - + The lymph tissue on the floor of the oropharyngeal passage, near the root of the tongue. FMA:54836 MA:0000773 @@ -475113,14 +475114,14 @@ lingual tonsil https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Illu04_tongue.jpg - + - + FMA-abduced-lr @@ -475866,7 +475867,7 @@ - + A pre-cartilage condensation that is part of a trachea. EHDAA2:0002070 EHDAA:7082 @@ -475874,14 +475875,14 @@ UBERON:0007267 trachea pre-cartilage rings - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -476126,7 +476127,7 @@ - + @@ -476147,14 +476148,14 @@ UBERON:0007272 pectoral appendage skeleton - + - + VSAO @@ -476189,7 +476190,7 @@ - + @@ -476207,14 +476208,14 @@ UBERON:0007273 pelvic appendage skeleton - + - + VSAO @@ -476248,7 +476249,7 @@ - + A crista ampullaris neuroepithelium that is part of a anterior semicircular duct. TODO - unvetted @@ -476270,14 +476271,14 @@ crista of ampulla of anterior semicircular duct of membranous laybrinth - + - + Phenoscape @@ -476587,8 +476588,8 @@ - - + + @@ -476615,24 +476616,24 @@ presumptive hindbrain - + - + - + XAO-abduced - + cjm @@ -476689,7 +476690,7 @@ - + @@ -476703,14 +476704,14 @@ UBERON:0007278 presumptive sinus venosus - + - + ZFA @@ -476851,7 +476852,7 @@ - + @@ -476870,14 +476871,14 @@ presumptive midbrain hindbrain boundary - + - + ZFA @@ -476916,7 +476917,7 @@ - + @@ -476933,14 +476934,14 @@ presumptive segmental plate - + - + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/The-neural-crest EDHAA2 @@ -477085,7 +477086,7 @@ - + @@ -477111,7 +477112,7 @@ presumptive paraxial mesoderm - + @@ -477127,7 +477128,7 @@ - + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/1277 @@ -477961,8 +477962,8 @@ - - + + A glomerular capillary that is part of a pronephros. TAO:0005309 ZFA:0005309 @@ -477970,25 +477971,25 @@ UBERON:0007306 pronephric glomerular capillary - + - + - + true https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Inferring-part-of-relationships - + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Inferring-part-of-relationships @@ -478015,7 +478016,7 @@ - + A glomerular basement membrane that is part of a pronephros. TAO:0005313 ZFA:0005313 @@ -478024,14 +478025,14 @@ UBERON:0007307 pronephric glomerular basement membrane - + - + true https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Inferring-part-of-relationships @@ -478211,7 +478212,7 @@ - + @@ -478240,14 +478241,14 @@ internal pudendal artery http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3a/Gray1244.png - + - + FMA-abduced-lr @@ -478309,8 +478310,8 @@ - - + + @@ -478331,24 +478332,24 @@ deep external pudendal artery http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/43/Gray549.png - + - + - + FMA - + FMA @@ -478397,7 +478398,7 @@ - + @@ -478426,14 +478427,14 @@ superficial external pudendal artery http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/43/Gray549.png - + - + FMA @@ -478658,7 +478659,7 @@ - + @@ -478704,7 +478705,7 @@ pancreatic duct http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/15/Gray1100.png - + @@ -478717,7 +478718,7 @@ - + MA @@ -479377,7 +479378,7 @@ - + @@ -479415,7 +479416,7 @@ proventriculus - + @@ -479428,7 +479429,7 @@ - + Wikipedia @@ -480010,7 +480011,7 @@ - + @@ -480037,14 +480038,14 @@ outer epithelium - + - + Wikipedia:Epidermis_(zoology) @@ -480683,8 +480684,8 @@ - - + + Midline nuclei found in the midbrain, includes the dorsal raphe nucleus and the rostral linear nucleus of raphe. TODO - check. note BTO class is placed here as it is placed in hindbrain @@ -480706,24 +480707,24 @@ UBERON:0007412 midbrain raphe nuclei - + - + - + NIFSTD - + Wikipedia @@ -481089,12 +481090,12 @@ - + - + A neural decussation that is part of a diencephalon. FMA:62446 diencephalon decussation @@ -481102,7 +481103,7 @@ UBERON:0007425 decussation of diencephalon - + @@ -481115,7 +481116,7 @@ - + Obol @@ -481138,7 +481139,7 @@ - + The stratum intermedium in a developing tooth is a layer of two or three cells between the inner enamel epithelium and the newly forming cells of the stellate reticulum. It first appears during the early bell stage of tooth development, at around the 14th week of intrauterine life (in humans). The stratum intermedium has a notably high alkaline phosphatase activity. This layer, along with the inner enamel epithelium, is responsible for the tooth enamel formation. It is a part of the dental (enamel) organ. stratum intermedium BTO:0005009 @@ -481149,14 +481150,14 @@ UBERON:0007440 stratum intermedium of tooth - + - + BTO @@ -481476,7 +481477,7 @@ - + A collection of connected epithelial tubes with a single portal. AEO:0000117 EHDAA2:0003117 @@ -481485,7 +481486,7 @@ UBERON:0007501 arborizing epithelial duct system - + @@ -481498,7 +481499,7 @@ - + AEO @@ -481521,7 +481522,7 @@ - + A complex of interlinking epithelial tubules. AEO:0000118 EHDAA2:0003118 @@ -481529,7 +481530,7 @@ UBERON:0007502 epithelial plexus - + @@ -481542,7 +481543,7 @@ - + AEO @@ -481671,7 +481672,7 @@ - + Mesenchyme with little extracellular matrix. AEO:0000146 EHDAA2:0003146 @@ -481679,7 +481680,7 @@ UBERON:0007524 dense mesenchyme tissue - + @@ -481692,7 +481693,7 @@ - + AEO @@ -481708,8 +481709,8 @@ - - + + Mesenchyme whose cells are embedded in obvious amounts of extracellular matrix. AEO:0000151 EHDAA2:0003151 @@ -481717,11 +481718,11 @@ UBERON:0007529 loose mesenchyme tissue - + - + @@ -481734,13 +481735,13 @@ - + AEO - + AEO @@ -481917,7 +481918,7 @@ - + Part of the regeneration epithelium closest to the fin.[TAO] TAO:0005148 @@ -481928,7 +481929,7 @@ UBERON:0007574 apical epidermal cap - + @@ -481941,7 +481942,7 @@ - + ZFA @@ -482328,9 +482329,9 @@ - - - + + + A muscle on the back of the forearm that extends the fingers and wrist. BTO:0001343 EMAPA:36191 @@ -482348,15 +482349,15 @@ extensor digitorum communis http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e9/Extensor_digitorum_muscle.png - + - + - + @@ -482369,20 +482370,20 @@ - + extensor expansion of middle and distal phalanges of the 2nd 3rd 4th and 5th fingers dbpedia - + dbpedia - + dbpedia @@ -482418,7 +482419,7 @@ - + EMAPA:36192 MA:0002294 @@ -482430,7 +482431,7 @@ Origin distal to extensor digitorum communis. The part of this muscle that gives a tendon to the 5th digit is comparable to the extensor digiti quinti proprius of the human [ISBN:9780716717553] extensor digitorum lateralis muscle - + @@ -482443,7 +482444,7 @@ - + ISBN:9780716717553 @@ -482471,8 +482472,8 @@ - - + + The extensor minimi digiti (extensor digiti quinti proprius) is a slender muscle of the forearm, placed on the ulnar side of the Extensor digitorum communis, with which it is generally connected. It arises from the common Extensor tendon by a thin tendinous slip, from the intermuscular septa between it and the adjacent muscles. Its tendon runs through a compartment of the dorsal carpal ligament behind the distal radio-ulnar joint, then divides into two as it crosses the manus, and finally joins the expansion of the Extensor digitorum communis tendon on the dorsum of the first phalanx of the little finger[WP]. FMA:38503 @@ -482489,11 +482490,11 @@ extensor digiti minimi muscle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/15/Gray424.png - + - + @@ -482506,14 +482507,14 @@ - + the anterior portion of the lateral epicondyle of the humerus dbpedia - + at the extensor expansion located at the base of the proximal phalanx of digit V on the dorsal side dbpedia @@ -482610,7 +482611,7 @@ - + @@ -482630,14 +482631,14 @@ UBERON:0007616 layer of synovial tissue - + - + BTO @@ -482758,12 +482759,12 @@ - + - + A synovial cavity of joint that is part of a hip joint. EMAPA:19021 FMA:9701 @@ -482771,14 +482772,14 @@ UBERON:0007618 synovial cavity of hip joint - + - + FMA @@ -482847,7 +482848,7 @@ - + @@ -482863,14 +482864,14 @@ pecten oculi https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Birdeye.jpg/700px-Birdeye.jpg - + - + cjm @@ -482973,7 +482974,7 @@ - + @@ -482991,14 +482992,14 @@ UBERON:0007626 subparaventricular zone - + - + MA @@ -483044,10 +483045,10 @@ - - - - + + + + A component of the nuclei of stria terminalis defined on the basis of topology, connectivity and multiple stains in the rat. It is one of nine components of the anterior nuclei of stria terminalis in the Functional CNS Model- Rat ( Swanson-2004 ). BAMS:MA @@ -483061,44 +483062,44 @@ the magnocellular nucleus projects to virtually all known major parts of the brain network that controls pelvic functions, including micturition, defecation, and penile erection, as well as to brain networks controlling nutrient and body water homeostasis. This and other evidence suggests that the magnocellular nucleus is part of a corticostriatopallidal differentiation modulating and coordinating pelvic functions with the maintenance of nutrient and body water homeostasis[PMID:16304682] magnocellular nucleus of stria terminalis - + - + - + - + - + MA - + PMID:16304682 - + PMID:16304682 - + PMID:16304682 @@ -483132,7 +483133,7 @@ - + The lateral septal area; largest nuclear mass in this region, plays a pivotal role in various physiological processes, such as aggression, emotion, thermoregulation, water and food intake and sexual behaviour. BAMS:LSX @@ -483148,7 +483149,7 @@ UBERON:0007628 lateral septal complex - + @@ -483161,7 +483162,7 @@ - + ABA @@ -483240,7 +483241,7 @@ - + Part of septal nuclear complex. In the human, it refers to the most caudal of scattered clusters of neurons in the septum pellucidum that extend, on the underside of the corpus callosum, from the level of the medial septal nucleus to the CA fields ( Crosby-1962 ). In the rat it is associated with the lateral septal nucleus throughout its rostro-caudal course toward the CA fields ( Swanson-1998. Adapted from Brain Info. @@ -483256,14 +483257,14 @@ UBERON:0007630 septohippocampal nucleus - + - + MA-modified @@ -483291,7 +483292,7 @@ - + BAMS:AOBgl BAMS:GlA BAMS:gl @@ -483307,14 +483308,14 @@ UBERON:0007631 accessory olfactory bulb glomerular layer - + - + ABA @@ -483343,7 +483344,7 @@ - + @@ -483367,7 +483368,7 @@ UBERON:0007632 Barrington's nucleus - + @@ -483380,7 +483381,7 @@ - + MA @@ -483645,7 +483646,7 @@ - + A nucleus of the parabrachial area, which in the human brain is a horseshoe-shaped strip of gray matter comprising the Kölliker-Fuse nucleus, the lateral parabrachial nucleus and the medial parabrachial nucleus. @@ -483671,7 +483672,7 @@ parabrachial nucleus - + @@ -483684,7 +483685,7 @@ - + MA @@ -483863,7 +483864,7 @@ - + @@ -483894,14 +483895,14 @@ UBERON:0007639 hippocampus alveus - + - + NIFSTD @@ -484075,7 +484076,7 @@ - + @@ -484101,7 +484102,7 @@ trigeminal nuclear complex http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/30/Gray696.png - + @@ -484114,7 +484115,7 @@ - + FMA @@ -484370,8 +484371,8 @@ - - + + @@ -484392,24 +484393,24 @@ future meninx - + - + - + EHDAA2 - + ISBN:0073040584 @@ -484454,7 +484455,7 @@ - + @@ -484468,14 +484469,14 @@ UBERON:0007646 endomeninx - + - + ISBN:9781607950325 @@ -484502,7 +484503,7 @@ - + @@ -484517,14 +484518,14 @@ UBERON:0007647 ectomeninx - + - + ISBN:9781607950325 @@ -484546,8 +484547,8 @@ - - + + The junction between the esophagus and the stomach epithelium. compare with gastroesophageal sphincter BTO:0004364 @@ -484567,24 +484568,24 @@ UBERON:0007650 esophagogastric junction - + - + - + MESH - + tFD @@ -484702,7 +484703,7 @@ - + Developing nephron where the developing glomerular capsule has been invaded by a glomerular capillary loop called the glomerular tuft. TODO EMAPA:28506 @@ -484713,7 +484714,7 @@ UBERON:0007653 capillary loop nephron - + @@ -484726,7 +484727,7 @@ - + ZFA @@ -484754,7 +484755,7 @@ - + @@ -484768,7 +484769,7 @@ UBERON:0007654 maturing nephron - + @@ -484781,7 +484782,7 @@ - + EMAPA @@ -484797,7 +484798,7 @@ - + The lateral recess is a projection of the fourth ventricle which extends into the inferior cerebellar peduncle of the brainstem. The lateral aperture, an opening in each extremity of the lateral recess, provides a conduit for cerebrospinal fluid to flow from the brain's ventricular system into the subarachnoid space. lateral recess @@ -484819,7 +484820,7 @@ lateral recess of fourth ventricle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/36/Gray768.png - + @@ -484832,7 +484833,7 @@ - + EMAPA @@ -484882,8 +484883,8 @@ - - + + The anular ligament (orbicular ligament) is a strong band of fibers, which encircles the head of the radius (bone), and retains it in contact with the radial notch of the ulna. anular ligament EMAPA:19322 @@ -484897,24 +484898,24 @@ UBERON:0007657 anular ligament of radius - + - + - + FMA - + FMA @@ -485012,7 +485013,7 @@ - + Cranial neural crest that is part of the facial region. We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (1) the neural crest (...).[well established][VHOG] EMAPA:16311 @@ -485023,7 +485024,7 @@ UBERON:0007681 facial neural crest - + @@ -485036,7 +485037,7 @@ - + EMAPA @@ -485262,7 +485263,7 @@ - + @@ -485277,14 +485278,14 @@ UBERON:0007689 thyroid diverticulum - + - + VHOG @@ -485316,7 +485317,7 @@ - + EFO:0003626 EHDAA2:0001457 EHDAA:962 @@ -485333,14 +485334,14 @@ early pharyngeal endoderm http://dev.biologists.org/content/128/22/4573.full - + - + cjm @@ -485371,13 +485372,13 @@ - + - + @@ -485396,7 +485397,7 @@ gustatory pore https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0e/Taste_bud.svg - + @@ -485409,7 +485410,7 @@ - + FMA @@ -485499,8 +485500,8 @@ - - + + The caroticotympanic branch (tympanic branch) is small; it enters the tympanic cavity through a minute foramen in the carotid canal, and anastomoses with the anterior tympanic branch of the internal maxillary, and with the stylomastoid artery. FMA:49828 @@ -485514,24 +485515,24 @@ caroticotympanic artery - + - + - + http://www.ajnr.org/cgi/content/full/21/3/572 - + FMA @@ -485584,7 +485585,7 @@ - + An axon tract that is part of a spinal cord. FMA:75683 NCIT:C12995 @@ -485594,14 +485595,14 @@ UBERON:0007699 tract of spinal cord - + - + cjm @@ -485646,7 +485647,7 @@ - + An axon tract that is part of a brain. the NIFSTD class 'nerve tract' is classified under 'regional part of brain', so it may seem like it belongs here, but actually includes spinal cord tracts FMA:83848 @@ -485656,14 +485657,14 @@ UBERON:0007702 tract of brain - + - + cjm @@ -485743,7 +485744,7 @@ - + @@ -485763,14 +485764,14 @@ UBERON:0007707 superior cerebellar peduncle of midbrain - + - + NIF @@ -485831,7 +485832,7 @@ - + FMA:72495 most likely denotes this class rather than the more generic parent, due to the part of relationship to pontine tegmentum. SCPP BAMS:scpp @@ -485848,14 +485849,14 @@ superior cerebellar peduncle of pons - + - + FMA @@ -486316,7 +486317,7 @@ - + @@ -486343,14 +486344,14 @@ interphalangeal joint of pes - + - + two in series @@ -486422,7 +486423,7 @@ - + @@ -486451,14 +486452,14 @@ interphalangeal joint of manus - + - + two in series @@ -486980,12 +486981,12 @@ - + - + @@ -487004,14 +487005,14 @@ UBERON:0007729 interphalangeal joint of manual digit 2 - + - + EMAPA @@ -487294,7 +487295,7 @@ - + @@ -487315,14 +487316,14 @@ metacarpophalangeal joint of manual digit 1 - + - + FMA @@ -487380,7 +487381,7 @@ - + @@ -487401,14 +487402,14 @@ UBERON:0007738 metacarpophalangeal joint of manual digit 2 - + - + FMA @@ -487472,7 +487473,7 @@ - + @@ -487495,14 +487496,14 @@ metacarpophalangeal joint of manual digit 3 - + - + FMA @@ -487573,7 +487574,7 @@ - + @@ -487596,14 +487597,14 @@ metacarpophalangeal joint of manual digit 4 - + - + FMA @@ -487674,7 +487675,7 @@ - + @@ -487696,14 +487697,14 @@ metacarpophalangeal joint of manual digit 5 - + - + FMA @@ -487767,7 +487768,7 @@ - + @@ -487791,14 +487792,14 @@ metatarsophalangeal joint of pedal digit 1 - + - + FMA @@ -487868,7 +487869,7 @@ - + @@ -487888,14 +487889,14 @@ metatarsophalangeal joint of pedal digit 2 - + - + FMA @@ -487953,7 +487954,7 @@ - + @@ -487973,14 +487974,14 @@ metatarsophalangeal joint of pedal digit 3 - + - + FMA @@ -488038,7 +488039,7 @@ - + @@ -488058,14 +488059,14 @@ metatarsophalangeal joint of pedal digit 4 - + - + FMA @@ -488123,7 +488124,7 @@ - + @@ -488144,14 +488145,14 @@ metatarsophalangeal joint of pedal digit 5 - + - + FMA @@ -488200,7 +488201,7 @@ - + The culmen is the portion of the anterior vermis adjacent to the primary fissure of cerebellum. The culmen and the anterior parts of the quadrangular lobules form the lobus culminis[WP]. The culmen lobule (lobules IV/V) is a single structure in humans, but it is divided by the intraculminate fissure in many rodents. In some mouse strains such as SLJ/J, the intraculminate fissure is absent, in some strains such as DBA/2J it is present, and other strains (C57BL/10J and BALB/cJ) exhibit considerable variablility (PMID: 1953602).[MP] ABA splits culmen into IV and V and IV-V @@ -488222,7 +488223,7 @@ UBERON:0007763 cerebellum vermis culmen - + @@ -488235,7 +488236,7 @@ - + FMA @@ -488474,7 +488475,7 @@ - + BAMS:MPA BAMS:MPO @@ -488490,14 +488491,14 @@ medial preoptic region - + - + MA @@ -488885,12 +488886,12 @@ - + - + An endothelium that is part of a umbilical vein. BTO:0001416 CALOHA:TS-1081 @@ -488898,14 +488899,14 @@ UBERON:0007777 umbilical vein endothelium - + - + BTO @@ -488924,26 +488925,26 @@ - + - + An endothelium that is part of a umbilical artery. BTO:0000857 uberon UBERON:0007778 umbilical artery endothelium - + - + BTO @@ -489117,7 +489118,7 @@ - + The serous fluid which accumulates in the peritoneal cavity in ascites. TODO - move to pathological anatomical entity ontology BTO:0000091 @@ -489129,14 +489130,14 @@ UBERON:0007795 ascitic fluid - + - + BTO @@ -489164,7 +489165,7 @@ - + Anatomical system that consists of all blood and lymph vessels. consider merging with vasculature @@ -489183,14 +489184,14 @@ vascular system - + - + MA @@ -489289,7 +489290,7 @@ - + Pygostyle refers to a number of the final few caudal vertebrae fused into a single ossification, supporting the tail feathers and musculature. In modern birds, the rectrices attach to these[WP]. SCTID:416894001 Wikipedia:Pygostyle @@ -489299,14 +489300,14 @@ pygostyle - + - + Wikipedia @@ -489333,8 +489334,8 @@ - - + + @@ -489366,11 +489367,11 @@ The gland is found near the base of the tail and is shaped into two symmetric parts. The oil of each part of the gland is secreted through the surface of the skin through a grease nipple-like nub. A bird will typically transfer this oil to its feathers by rubbing its head against the oil and then around the rest of the body. Tailward areas are usually preened utilizing the beak. Not all birds have a uropygial gland. Exceptions include the emu, ostrich, and bustards. These typically find other means to stay clean and dry, such as taking a dust bath uropygial gland - + - + @@ -489383,13 +489384,13 @@ - + BTO - + Wikipedia @@ -489540,7 +489541,7 @@ - + A bridge of mesoderm connecting the caudal end of the young embryo with the trophoblastic tissues; the precursor of the umbilical cord. TODO - this is currently defined as a bridge of mesoderm, but in EHDAA2 is extraembryonic structure split into mesoderm and blood vessels BTO:0004705 @@ -489550,7 +489551,7 @@ UBERON:0007806 connecting stalk - + @@ -489563,7 +489564,7 @@ - + EHDAA2 @@ -489602,7 +489603,7 @@ - + A vasculature that is part of a connecting stalk. EHDAA2:0000313 connecting stalk blood vessels @@ -489612,14 +489613,14 @@ UBERON:0007807 connecting stalk vasculature - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -489699,9 +489700,9 @@ - - - + + + The superficial layer (fascia of Camper) is a thick superficial layer of the anterior abdominal wall. It is areolar in texture, and contains in its meshes a varying quantity of adipose tissue. It is found superficial to Scarpa's fascia. FMA:19922 Wikipedia:Fascia_of_Camper @@ -489720,34 +489721,34 @@ fascia of Camper http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/28/Gray393.png - + - + - + - + FMA - + Wikipedia - + Wikipedia @@ -489938,7 +489939,7 @@ - + @@ -489973,14 +489974,14 @@ post-anal tail - + - + possible exception in hemichordates cjm @@ -490445,7 +490446,7 @@ - + Mesentery that is located in the peritoneum. FMA:20570 TAO:0005129 @@ -490455,14 +490456,14 @@ UBERON:0007826 peritoneal mesentery - + - + FMA @@ -490900,7 +490901,7 @@ - + @@ -490943,14 +490944,14 @@ pelvic girdle skeleton http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe/Gray242.png - + - + PMID:21455939 @@ -491036,8 +491037,8 @@ - - + + The organ of balance composed of three long bony tubes of the labyrinth. consider adding FMA:60186 ! Semicircular canal here, as it is part of the bony labyrinth MA:0000250 @@ -491047,11 +491048,11 @@ osseus semicircular canal - + - + @@ -491064,13 +491065,13 @@ - + MA - + MA @@ -491337,7 +491338,7 @@ - + @@ -491369,14 +491370,14 @@ UBERON:0007841 furcula - + - + http://people.eku.edu/ritchisong/342notes5.htm @@ -491466,7 +491467,7 @@ - + A posterior projection from proximal rib segments. Offers attachment sites for respiratory and shoulder muscles as well as adding structural support to the trunk skeleton[Kardong 2012]. @@ -491480,14 +491481,14 @@ WP: Although bony uncinate processes are unique to birds, cartilaginous uncinate processes are present in crocodiles. The uncinate process has also been reported in Sphenodon, Caudipteryx, oviraptorids, Confuciusornis and Chaoyangia however it does not occur in Archaeopteryx uncinate process of ribs - + - + ISBN:0073040584 @@ -491538,8 +491539,8 @@ - - + + @@ -491564,11 +491565,11 @@ cartilage element - + - + @@ -491581,13 +491582,13 @@ - + VSAO - + VSAO @@ -491794,8 +491795,8 @@ - - + + Fibrous connective tissue that surrounds the notochord; includes a layer of elastin. Portion of connective tissue which surrounds the notochord.[TAO] relationship type change: part_of notochord (VSAO:0000032) CHANGED TO: surrounds notochord (UBERON:0002328)[VSAO] @@ -491815,11 +491816,11 @@ Derived from cells surrounding the notochord (possibly the slerotome). Disparate from (not derived from) notochord. perichordal tissue - + - + @@ -491832,13 +491833,13 @@ - + VSAO-modified - + ISBN:0073040584 @@ -491907,12 +491908,12 @@ - + - + A bone that is part of a craniocervical region. EMAPA:37245 MA:0000569 @@ -491922,7 +491923,7 @@ UBERON:0007914 bone of craniocervical region - + @@ -491935,7 +491936,7 @@ - + MA @@ -492433,7 +492434,7 @@ - + FMA has multiple 'Articular surface of X' classes, with no way to group them EMAPA:37620 MA:0001518 @@ -492441,14 +492442,14 @@ UBERON:0008124 joint articular surface - + - + MA @@ -492470,7 +492471,7 @@ - + EMAPA:35415 MA:0002849 uberon @@ -492478,14 +492479,14 @@ see also VSAO:0000098 hypertrophic cartilage zone - + - + MA @@ -492843,7 +492844,7 @@ - + @@ -492865,14 +492866,14 @@ nail plate https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9f/Fingernail_label.jpg - + - + MA @@ -492903,8 +492904,8 @@ - - + + A subdivision of the face that is the anteriormost part of the lower jaw region. Surface structure that is the anteriormost region of the lower jaw.[TAO] mental @@ -492929,24 +492930,24 @@ chin http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/60/Gray1195.png - + - + - + MESH - + FMA @@ -493011,7 +493012,7 @@ - + @@ -493036,14 +493037,14 @@ forehead http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/83/Forhead_01_ies.jpg - + - + FMA @@ -493153,7 +493154,7 @@ - + todo - consider obsoletion in MA, this includes the femur. i.e. pelvic girdle bone or femur; note that this makes the ilium etc in MA hindlimb bones. in MA this is a hindlimb bone EMAPA:37308 @@ -493167,14 +493168,14 @@ bone of hip region - + - + MA @@ -493271,12 +493272,12 @@ - + - + Musculature system of the pharyngeal and head regions. in MA this is restricted to skeletal muscles EMAPA:37259 @@ -493290,7 +493291,7 @@ UBERON:0008229 craniocervical region musculature - + @@ -493303,7 +493304,7 @@ - + MA @@ -493393,8 +493394,8 @@ - - + + Subdivision of thorax, which in humans is the posterior part of the thorax and is demarcated from the chest by the external surface of the posterolateral part of the rib cage and the anterior surface of the thoracic vertebral column; together with the chest, it constitutes the thorax. EMAPA:37234 FMA:24217 @@ -493410,25 +493411,25 @@ UBERON:0008231 dorsal thoracic segment of trunk - + - + - + FMA MA - + FMA @@ -493489,13 +493490,13 @@ - + - + A muscle of back that is part of a lower back. EMAPA:37262 MA:0000502 @@ -493504,7 +493505,7 @@ UBERON:0008242 lower back muscle - + @@ -493517,7 +493518,7 @@ - + MA @@ -493542,13 +493543,13 @@ - + - + A muscle of back that is part of a dorsal thoracic segment of trunk. EMAPA:37261 MA:0000508 @@ -493557,7 +493558,7 @@ UBERON:0008243 upper back muscle - + @@ -493570,7 +493571,7 @@ - + MA @@ -493807,7 +493808,7 @@ - + @@ -493825,14 +493826,14 @@ UBERON:0008252 tube foot ampulla - + - + BTO @@ -493866,7 +493867,7 @@ - + @@ -493884,14 +493885,14 @@ UBERON:0008253 Aristotle's lantern - + - + BTO @@ -494339,14 +494340,14 @@ - + - - + + The fibrous connective tissue that surrounds the root of a tooth, separating it from and attaching it to the alveolar bone. It extends from the base of the gingival mucosa to the fundus of the bony socket, and its main function is to hold the tooth in its socket[BTO]. The collagen fibers, running from the cementum to the alveolar bone, that suspend a tooth in its socket; they include apical, oblique, horizontal, and alveolar crest fibers, indicating that the orientation of the fibers varies at different levels[http://www.drugs.com/dict/desmodentium.html]. The fibrous connective tissue that surrounds the root of a tooth, separating it from and attaching it to the alveolar bone. It extends from the base of the gingival mucosa to the fundus of the bony socket, and its main function is to hold the tooth in its socket[BTO]. It consist of cells, extracellular compartment of fibers. The cells are fibroblast, epithelial, undifferentiated mesenchymal cells, bone and cementum cells. The extracellular compartment consists of collagen fibers bundles embedded in ground substance. The PDL substance has been estimated to be 70% water and is thought to have a significant effect on the tooth's ability to withstand stress loads[WP][BTO:0001020, Wikipedia:Periodontal_fiber, https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/21]. @@ -494386,11 +494387,11 @@ https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dc/The_Periodontium.jpg - + - + @@ -494403,13 +494404,13 @@ - + BTO - + PMID:19767574 Wikipedia:Dental_follicle @@ -495576,7 +495577,7 @@ - + @@ -495590,14 +495591,14 @@ UBERON:0008304 inner chondrogenic layer of perichondrium - + - + BTO @@ -495613,7 +495614,7 @@ - + The perichondrium consists of two separate layers: an outer fibrous layer and inner chondrogenic layer. The fibrous layer contains fibroblasts, which produce collagenous fibers. BTO:0005091 Wikipedia:The_Free_Encyclopedia @@ -495621,14 +495622,14 @@ UBERON:0008305 outer fibrous layer of perichondrium - + - + BTO @@ -495739,14 +495740,14 @@ - + - + A short vessel of large caliber which arises from the internal pudendal between the two layers of fascia of the urogenital diaphragm; it passes medialward, pierces the inferior fascia of the urogenital diaphragm, and gives off branches which ramify in the bulb of the urethra and in the posterior part of the corpus spongiosum. It gives off a small branch to the bulbo-urethral gland. BTO:0005087 FMA:20864 @@ -495759,24 +495760,24 @@ UBERON:0008311 penile bulb artery - + - + - + BTO - + FMA @@ -495812,7 +495813,7 @@ - + @@ -495839,7 +495840,7 @@ common penile artery - + @@ -495852,7 +495853,7 @@ - + BTO @@ -495896,7 +495897,7 @@ - + @@ -495909,7 +495910,7 @@ - + The deep artery of the penis (artery to the corpus cavernosum), one of the terminal branches of the internal pudendal, arises from that vessel while it is situated between the two fascia of the urogenital diaphragm (deep perineal pouch). It pierces the inferior fascia, and, entering the crus penis obliquely, runs forward in the center of the corpus cavernosum penis, to which its branches are distributed. BTO:0005086 @@ -495927,24 +495928,24 @@ deep artery of penis http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2b/Gray543.png - + - + - + BTO - + FMA @@ -496007,7 +496008,7 @@ - + @@ -496020,7 +496021,7 @@ - + The deep artery of clitoris is a branch of the internal pudendal artery. FMA:20870 @@ -496032,24 +496033,24 @@ deep artery of clitoris - + - + - + FMA - + FMA @@ -496073,8 +496074,8 @@ - - + + The dorsal artery of clitoris is a branch of the internal pudendal artery. FMA:20867 @@ -496085,11 +496086,11 @@ dorsal artery of clitoris - + - + @@ -496102,13 +496103,13 @@ - + FMA - + FMA @@ -496150,7 +496151,7 @@ - + @@ -496176,7 +496177,7 @@ vestibule of vagina http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f3/Scheidenvorhof.jpg - + @@ -496189,7 +496190,7 @@ - + BTO @@ -496329,7 +496330,7 @@ - + The white core of the inferior olivary nucleus of the medulla oblongata, most prominent medially. BAMS:hio BTO:0002300 @@ -496347,7 +496348,7 @@ UBERON:0008333 hilum of inferior olivary complex - + @@ -496360,7 +496361,7 @@ - + BTO @@ -496443,7 +496444,7 @@ - + A longitudinal sulcus on the anterior surface of the medulla oblongata, lateral to the pyramid, from which emerge the fibers of the hypoglossal nerve. BAMS:vls BTO:0002777 @@ -496466,7 +496467,7 @@ UBERON:0008335 ventrolateral sulcus of medulla oblongata - + @@ -496479,7 +496480,7 @@ - + BTO @@ -496836,7 +496837,7 @@ - + A saddle-shaped area that includes the nasal root and the lateral aspects of the nose. It lies between the glabella and the inferior boundary of the nasal bone, and extends laterally to the inner canth[WP]. MA:0002874 Wikipedia:Nasal_bridge @@ -496845,14 +496846,14 @@ nasal bridge - + - + MA @@ -496870,7 +496871,7 @@ - + The tissue that links the nasal tip to the nasal base, and separates the nares. It is the inferior margin of the nasal septum[EoM]. EMAPA:37832 FMA:59725 @@ -496883,14 +496884,14 @@ columella nasi - + - + FMA @@ -497037,7 +497038,7 @@ - + An epithelium that is part of a ileum. EMAPA:35423 @@ -497050,14 +497051,14 @@ ileal epithelium - + - + FMA @@ -497090,7 +497091,7 @@ - + An epithelium that is part of a duodenum. CALOHA:TS-2087 @@ -497104,14 +497105,14 @@ duodenal epithelium - + - + FMA @@ -497304,7 +497305,7 @@ - + @@ -497313,7 +497314,7 @@ - + An epithelium that is part of a distal tubule. See https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/1305 BTO:0003948 @@ -497322,14 +497323,14 @@ UBERON:0008408 distal tubular epithelium - + - + BTO @@ -497354,26 +497355,26 @@ - + - + An epithelium that is part of a buccal mucosa. BTO:0004803 uberon UBERON:0008420 buccal epithelium - + - + BTO @@ -497565,7 +497566,7 @@ - + A transverse foramen that is part of a vertebral bone 2. FMA:23999 SCTID:281221002 @@ -497574,14 +497575,14 @@ UBERON:0008427 transverse foramen of axis - + - + FMA-abduced-lr @@ -497603,7 +497604,7 @@ - + Main, posterior part of hyoglossus muscle (vs. chondroglossus) arising from the greater horn of the hyoid bone. FMA:46720 ceratoglossus muscle @@ -497612,14 +497613,14 @@ UBERON:0008428 ceratoglossus - + - + FMA @@ -498362,10 +498363,10 @@ - - - - + + + + A muscle in the forearm and hand that flexes the thumb. It lies in the same plane as the flexor digitorum profundus. Modern humans are unique among hominids in having a flexor pollicis longus (FPL) muscle belly that is separate from that of the flexor digitorum profundus (FDP). While the FPL is not a separate muscle belly in extant great apes, a distinct tendon from the FDP belly might be present. In some individuals this tendon tend to act more like a ligament which restricts extension of the interphalangeal joint of the thumb. In orangutans there is a tendon similar in insertion and function to the FPL in humans, but which has an intrinsic origin on the oblique head of the adductor pollicis @@ -498382,46 +498383,46 @@ flexor pollicis longus muscle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/72/FPL.png - + - + - + - + - + Wikipedia - + The middle 2/4 of the volar surface of the radius and the adjacent interosseus membrane. dbpedia - + The base of the distal phalanx of the thumb dbpedia - + dbpedia @@ -498486,7 +498487,7 @@ - + Intertarsal articulations are the joints of the tarsus. The specific intertarsal articulations are: Talocalcaneal articulation Talocalcaneonavicular articulation Calcaneocuboid articulation Cuneonavicular articulation Cuboideonavicular articulation Intercuneiform articulation Cuneocuboid articulation. EMAPA:37762 FMA:44281 @@ -498512,14 +498513,14 @@ intertarsal joint http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5f/Gray360.png - + - + two adjacent tarsals @@ -498667,8 +498668,8 @@ - - + + A powerful flexor of the thigh at the hip joint (psoas major) and a weak flexor of the trunk and lumbar spinal column (psoas minor). Psoas is derived from the Greek 'psoa', the plural meaning 'muscles of the loin'. It is a common site of infection manifesting as abscess (PSOAS ABSCESS). The psoas muscles and their fibers are also used frequently in experiments in muscle physiology. BTO:0001140 EMAPA:36157 @@ -498684,11 +498685,11 @@ UBERON:0008450 psoas muscle - + - + @@ -498701,13 +498702,13 @@ - + dbpedia-abduced - + dbpedia-abduced @@ -498750,7 +498751,7 @@ - + A muscle situated immediately behind the upper part of the Longus capitis that arises from the anterior surface of the lateral mass of the atlas, and from the root of its transverse process that inserts into the inferior surface of the basilar part of the occipital bone immediately in front of the foramen magnum. Flexion of neck at atlanto-occipital joint FMA:46312 @@ -498771,7 +498772,7 @@ rectus capitis anterior http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6f/Rectus_capitis_anterior_muscle.PNG - + @@ -498784,7 +498785,7 @@ - + basilar part Wikipedia @@ -498863,9 +498864,9 @@ - - - + + + A muscle that arises by a pointed tendon from the spinous process of the axis and inserts into the lateral part of the inferior nuchal line of the occipital bone and the surface of the bone immediately below the line. extend and rotate the atlanto-occipital joint @@ -498886,15 +498887,15 @@ rectus capitis posterior major http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dd/Rectus_capitis_posterior_major_muscle.PNG - + - + - + @@ -498907,21 +498908,21 @@ - + Dorsal ramus of C1 dbpedia - + Spinous process of the axis dbpedia - + Inferior nuchal line of the occipital bone dbpedia @@ -498988,9 +498989,9 @@ - - - + + + A muscle that arise from the tubercle on the posterior arch of the and is inserted into the medial part of the inferior nuchal line of the occipital bone and the surface between it and the foramen magnum, and also takes some attachment to the spinal dura. extends the head at the neck FMA:32526 @@ -499009,15 +499010,15 @@ rectus capitis posterior minor http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Rectus_capitis_posterior_minor.png - + - + - + @@ -499030,21 +499031,21 @@ - + suboccpital nerve dbpedia - + the tubercle on the posterior arch of the atlas dbpedia - + the medial part of the inferior nuchal line of the occipital bone and the surface between it and the foramen magnum dbpedia @@ -499537,7 +499538,7 @@ - + The Abductor hallucis lies along the medial border of the pes and covers the origins of the plantar vessels and nerves. It arises from the medial process of the tuberosity of the calcaneus, from the laciniate ligament, from the plantar aponeurosis, and from the intermuscular septum between it and the Flexor digitorum brevis. The fibers end in a tendon, which is inserted, together with the medial tendon of the Flexor hallucis brevis, into the tibial side of the base of the first phalanx of the great toe. FMA:37448 @@ -499551,14 +499552,14 @@ abductor hallucis muscle https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bf/Abductor_hallucis.png - + - + tuberosity of the calcaneus dbpedia @@ -499589,10 +499590,10 @@ - - - - + + + + The abductor pollicis brevis is a muscle in the manus that functions as an abductor of the thumb. FMA:37373 @@ -499607,47 +499608,47 @@ abductor pollicis brevis muscle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/77/Musculusabductorpollicisbrevis.png - + - + - + - + - + Transverse carpal ligament the scaphoid and trapezium dbpedia - + Transverse carpal ligament the scaphoid and trapezium dbpedia - + Radial base of proximal phalanx of thumb and the thumb extensors dbpedia - + dbpedia @@ -499689,8 +499690,8 @@ - - + + @@ -499721,24 +499722,24 @@ cremaster muscle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/67/Gray1143.png - + - + - + dbpedia - + dbpedia @@ -499801,9 +499802,9 @@ - - - + + + The smallest of the three gluteal muscles, situated immediately beneath the gluteus medius. EMAPA:36230 @@ -499822,15 +499823,15 @@ gluteus minimus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/Posterior_Hip_Muscles_1.PNG - + - + - + @@ -499843,20 +499844,20 @@ - + FMA - + Gluteal surface of ilium under gluteus medius. dbpedia - + Greater trochanter of the femur dbpedia @@ -499980,7 +499981,7 @@ - + The infrahyoid muscles are a group of four pairs of muscles in the anterior part of the neck. (The term infrahyoid refers to the region below to the hyoid bone in the neck. ) Collectively, they are referred to as the strap muscles, because the muscles are long and flat much like a strap. FMA:13338 @@ -499999,14 +500000,14 @@ infrahyoid muscle https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/48/Infrahyoid_muscles.png - + - + dbpedia @@ -500067,8 +500068,8 @@ - - + + The piriformis is a muscle in the gluteal region that originates from the anterior (front) part of the sacrum, the part of the spine in the gluteal region, and from the superior margin of the greater sciatic notch (as well as the sacroiliac joint capsule and the sacrotuberous ligament). It exits the pelvis through the greater sciatic foramen to insert on the greater trochanter of the femur. Its tendon often joins with the tendons of the superior gemellus, inferior gemellus, and obturator internus muscles prior to insertion[WP,modified]. EMAPA:36239 @@ -500086,11 +500087,11 @@ piriformis muscle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/Posterior_Hip_Muscles_1.PNG - + - + @@ -500103,13 +500104,13 @@ - + dbpedia - + dbpedia @@ -500216,7 +500217,7 @@ - + A muscle that arises from the spinous processes of the third to the sixth thoracic vertebrae and inserts into the posterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the upper two or three cervical vertebrae[WP,modified]. Bilaterally: Extend the head & neck, Unilaterally: Lateral flexion to the same side, Rotation to the same side. FMA:22681 @@ -500228,7 +500229,7 @@ splenius cervicis http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/26/Musculus_splenius_cervicis.PNG - + @@ -500241,7 +500242,7 @@ - + transverse processes of C1-C3 dbpedia @@ -500425,7 +500426,7 @@ - + The posterior cricoarytenoid muscles are extremely small, paired muscles that extend from the posterior cricoid cartilage to the arytenoid cartilages in the larynx. By rotating the arytenoid cartilages laterally, these muscles abduct the vocal cords and thereby open the rima glottidis. Their action opposes the lateral cricoarytenoid muscles. The posterior cricoarytenoid muscles receive innervation from the recurrent laryngeal branch of the vagus nerve (CN X). Paralysis of the posterior cricoarytenoid muscles may lead to asphyxiation as they are the only laryngeal muscles to open the true vocal folds, allowing inspiration and expiration. FMA:46576 @@ -500443,14 +500444,14 @@ posterior crico-arytenoid http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9d/Musculuscricoarytenoideusposterior.png - + - + dbpedia @@ -500503,7 +500504,7 @@ - + The lateral cricoarytenoid (also anterior cricoarytenoid) muscles extend from the lateral cricoid cartilage to the ipsilateral arytenoid cartilage. By rotating the arytenoid cartilages medially, these muscles adduct the vocal cords and thereby close the rima glottidis, protecting the airway. (Their action is antagonistic to that of the posterior cricoarytenoid muscles. ) The lateral cricoarytenoid muscles receive innervation from the recurrent laryngeal branch of the vagus nerve (CN X). FMA:46579 @@ -500523,14 +500524,14 @@ lateral crico-arytenoid http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/Musculuscricoarytenoideuslateralis.png - + - + dbpedia @@ -500652,9 +500653,9 @@ - - - + + + The Thyroarytenoid is a broad, thin, muscle which lies parallel with and lateral to the vocal fold, and supports the wall of the ventricle and its appendix. It functions in fine tonal control of the vocal cords. FMA:46588 NCIT:C33776 @@ -500679,15 +500680,15 @@ thyro-arytenoid http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/Musculusthyreoarytenoideus.png - + - + - + @@ -500700,21 +500701,21 @@ - + recurrent laryngeal branch of the vagus dbpedia - + Inner surface of the thyroid cartilage dbpedia - + Anterior surface of arytenoid cartilage dbpedia @@ -500817,7 +500818,7 @@ - + The vocal muscle is the upper portion of the thyroarytenoid muscle which is primarily involved in producing speech. in FMA this is not placed under thyro-arytenoid but almost all sources consider this to be the case (confirmed with FEED:rd) @@ -500835,7 +500836,7 @@ vocalis muscle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/Musculusthyreoarytenoideus.png - + @@ -500848,7 +500849,7 @@ - + FEED:rd Wikipedia @@ -500891,8 +500892,8 @@ - - + + A muscle of the tongue that consists of a thin stratum of oblique and longitudinal fibers immediately underlying the mucous membrane on the dorsum of the tongue. FMA:46693 SCTID:244790006 @@ -500908,11 +500909,11 @@ superior longitudinal muscle of tongue http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/30/Musculuslongitudinalissuperiorlinguae.png - + - + @@ -500925,13 +500926,13 @@ - + Wikipedia - + edges of the tongue dbpedia @@ -500985,8 +500986,8 @@ - - + + A muscle of the tongue that consists of fibers which arise from the median fibrous septum and pass lateralward to be inserted into the submucous fibrous tissue at the sides of the tongue. EMAPA:18281 FMA:46695 @@ -501007,11 +501008,11 @@ transverse muscle of tongue http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/14/Musculustransversuslinguae.png - + - + @@ -501024,13 +501025,13 @@ - + Wikipedia - + sides of the tongue dbpedia @@ -501096,8 +501097,8 @@ - - + + A muscle of the tongue that is found only at the borders of the forepart of the tongue. Its fibers extend from the upper to the under surface of the organ. EMAPA:18282 FMA:46696 @@ -501120,11 +501121,11 @@ vertical muscle of tongue http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d8/Gray1020.png - + - + @@ -501137,14 +501138,14 @@ - + Submucosal fibrous layer of dorsum of tongue dbpedia - + Inferior surface borders of tongue dbpedia @@ -501223,9 +501224,9 @@ - - - + + + The levator veli palatini is the elevator muscle of the velum palatinum in the human body. During swallowing, it contracts, elevating the soft palate to help prevent food from entering the nasopharynx. It is innervated via the pharyngeal plexus, primarily by the vagus nerve (CN X). The levator veli palatini (Levator palati) is a thick, rounded muscle situated lateral to the choanC&. It arises from the under surface of the apex of the petrous part of the temporal bone and from the medial lamina of the cartilage of the auditory tube. After passing above the upper concave margin of the Constrictor pharyngis superior it spreads out in the palatine velum, its fibers extending obliquely downward and medially to the middle line, where they blend with those of the opposite side. The levator veli palatini is part of the soft palate that attaches to the cranial base, pharyngotympanic tube and the soft palate and is innervated by Cranial Nerve X via the pharyngeal plexus.[FEED] FMA:46727 @@ -501241,15 +501242,15 @@ levator veli palatini http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a5/Musculuslevatorvelipalatini.png - + - + - + @@ -501262,20 +501263,20 @@ - + FMA-abduced-lr - + Pharyngeal Branch of Vagus dbpedia - + dbpedia @@ -501332,8 +501333,8 @@ - - + + The tensor veli palatini (tensor palati) is a broad, thin, ribbon-like muscle in the head that tenses the soft palate. The tensor veli palatini is a muscle of the soft palate that attaches to the cranial base and pharyngotympanic tube, wraps around the pterygoid hamulus and then attaches to the midline palatal raphe of the soft palate that is innervated by cranial nerve V3.[FEED] @@ -501351,11 +501352,11 @@ tensor veli palatini http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/30/Musculustensorvelipalatini.png - + - + @@ -501368,13 +501369,13 @@ - + FMA-abduced-lr - + medial pterygoid of mandibular nerve dbpedia @@ -501483,7 +501484,7 @@ - + The depressor septi (Depressor alE nasi) arises from the incisive fossa of the maxilla. Its fibers ascend to be inserted into the nasal septum and back part of the alar part of nasalis muscle. It lies between the mucous membrane and muscular structure of the lip. FMA:46777 SCTID:244733006 @@ -501498,7 +501499,7 @@ depressor septi nasi http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6c/Musculusdepressorseptinasi.PNG - + @@ -501511,7 +501512,7 @@ - + incisive fossa of the maxilla dbpedia @@ -501559,7 +501560,7 @@ - + The Depressor Supercilii is an eye muscle of the human body. The nature of this muscle is in some dispute. Few printed anatomies include it (Netter, et al. ) and many authorities consider it to be part of the orbicularis oculi muscle . On the other hand, many dermatologists, ophthalmologists and plastic surgeons hold that the depressor supercilli is a distinct muscle and has a definite, individual effect on the movement of the eybrow and skin of the glabella. FMA:46798 SCTID:244728007 @@ -501571,7 +501572,7 @@ depressor supercilii http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e2/Gray379.png - + @@ -501584,7 +501585,7 @@ - + Medial aspect of bony orbit dbpedia @@ -501614,8 +501615,8 @@ - - + + @@ -501635,11 +501636,11 @@ levator labii superioris alaeque nasi http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1c/Musculuslevatorlabiisuperiorisalaequenasi.png - + - + @@ -501652,13 +501653,13 @@ - + dbpedia - + nostril and upper lip dbpedia @@ -501980,7 +501981,7 @@ - + @@ -502002,7 +502003,7 @@ levator anguli oris - + @@ -502015,7 +502016,7 @@ - + dbpedia @@ -502082,7 +502083,7 @@ - + @@ -502101,8 +502102,8 @@ - - + + A muscle of facial expression, innervated by the facial nerve, attached to the skin of the lower lip and inferior to the lower lip (in humans this region is called the chin or mental region), the orbicularis oris muscle, and the mandible in the symphyseal region. See Diogo et al., 2009; Burrows et al., 2011). @@ -502118,15 +502119,15 @@ mentalis muscle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/37/Mentalis.png - + - + - + @@ -502139,19 +502140,19 @@ - + FMA-abduced-lr - + dbpedia - + dbpedia @@ -502186,8 +502187,8 @@ - - + + The Depressor anguli oris (Triangularis) arises from the oblique line of the mandible, whence its fibers converge, to be inserted, by a narrow fasciculus, into the angle of the mouth. EMAPA:37842 @@ -502204,11 +502205,11 @@ depressor anguli oris muscle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/36/Gray381.png - + - + @@ -502221,14 +502222,14 @@ - + tubercle of mandible dbpedia - + modiolus of mouth dbpedia @@ -502717,9 +502718,9 @@ - - - + + + Any of the three pairs of muscles in the lateral neck, namely the scalenus anterior, scalenus medius, and scalenus posterior. They are innervated by the spinal nerves C4-C8[WP]. FMA:64829 NCIT:C33517 @@ -502742,15 +502743,15 @@ scalene muscle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6e/Scalenus.png - + - + - + @@ -502763,20 +502764,20 @@ - + dbpedia - + first and second ribs dbpedia - + first and second ribs dbpedia @@ -502988,9 +502989,9 @@ - - - + + + The Subcostales (Infracostales) consist of muscular and aponeurotic fasciculi, which are usually well-developed only in the lower part of the thorax; each originates from the inner surface of one rib, and is inserted into the inner surface of the second or third rib above, near its angle. Their fibers run in the same direction as those of the Intercostales interni. FMA:9759 @@ -503007,15 +503008,15 @@ subcostal muscle - + - + - + @@ -503028,20 +503029,20 @@ - + dbpedia - + inner surface of one rib dbpedia - + inner surface of the second or third rib below near its angle dbpedia @@ -503152,9 +503153,9 @@ - - - + + + The stylohyoid is a pharyngeal arch II muscle that participates in oral/pharygeal behaviors and is innervated by the stylohoid branch of the facial nerve and attaches to the stylohyal and the non-stylohyal part of the hyoid apparatus. The stylohyoid is a pharyngeal arch II muscle that participates in oral/pharygeal behaviors and is innervated by the stylohoid branch of the facial nerve and attaches to the stylohyal.[FEED] @@ -503173,15 +503174,15 @@ stylohyoid muscle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/94/Musculi_colli_stylohyoideus.svg - + - + - + @@ -503194,19 +503195,19 @@ - + dbpedia - + dbpedia - + greater cornu of hyoid bone dbpedia @@ -503570,7 +503571,7 @@ - + @@ -503600,14 +503601,14 @@ inner cell mass derived hypoblast - + - + Wikipedia @@ -503675,7 +503676,7 @@ - + @@ -503702,14 +503703,14 @@ hypaxial musculature https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/686 - + - + XAO @@ -503770,7 +503771,7 @@ - + @@ -503798,14 +503799,14 @@ epaxial musculature - + - + XAO @@ -503861,8 +503862,8 @@ - - + + The Subclavius is a small triangular muscle, placed between the clavicle and the first rib. Along with the pectoralis major and pectoralis minor muscles, the subclavius muscle makes up the anterior wall of the axilla. FMA:13410 NCIT:C33644 @@ -503875,11 +503876,11 @@ subclavius http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a2/Gray411subclavius.png - + - + @@ -503892,13 +503893,13 @@ - + dbpedia - + subclavian groove of clavicle dbpedia @@ -503937,7 +503938,7 @@ - + @@ -503948,7 +503949,7 @@ - + An embryonic structure that is derived from the inner cell mass and lies above the hypoblast and gives rise to the three primary germ layers. EHDAA2:0000444 EHDAA:42 @@ -503964,14 +503965,14 @@ The epiblast cells (appearing on day 8 of human embryonic development) make up a columnar epithelium with dense microvilli on the apical surface. During gastrulation, the epiblast cells undergo epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and delaminate to become the loose mesenchyme of the primitive streak. The epiblast is present in postimplantation mouse embryos between E5.5-E7.5. inner cell mass derived epiblast - + - + Wikipedia @@ -504002,13 +504003,13 @@ - + - - + + An epiblast (generic) that develops_from a blastodisc. The outer of the two layers of the blastoderm that form during gastrulation, corresponding to primitive ectoderm during gastrulation and to the definitive ectoderm after gastrulation. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] @@ -504022,24 +504023,24 @@ blastodisc derived epiblast - + - + - + ZFA - + Wikipedia @@ -504292,7 +504293,7 @@ - + The upper part of the gluteal tuberosity is often elongated into a roughened crest, on which a more or less well-marked, rounded tubercle, the third trochanter, is occasionally developed. underdeveloped / not present in humans FMA:75824 @@ -504303,7 +504304,7 @@ third trochanter https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2b/Third_trochanter-tweaked.png - + @@ -504316,7 +504317,7 @@ - + FMA @@ -504431,7 +504432,7 @@ - + Any of the three large depressions in the posterior, middle, and anterior aspects of the floor of the cranial cavity. todo - review the relationships for this and its subclasses; the relation should be bounded rather than part of, and contains should be used for the brain parts contained by the fossae FMA:321144 @@ -504439,14 +504440,14 @@ UBERON:0008789 cranial fossa - + - + true https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Inferring-part-of-relationships @@ -504522,7 +504523,7 @@ - + A rugal fold that is part of a stomach. FMA:15106 NCIT:C32660 @@ -504537,14 +504538,14 @@ UBERON:0008791 rugal fold of stomach - + - + true https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Inferring-part-of-relationships @@ -504605,7 +504606,7 @@ - + A rugal fold that is part of a vagina. FMA:19991 ruga of vagina @@ -504614,14 +504615,14 @@ UBERON:0008798 rugal fold of vagina - + - + true https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Inferring-part-of-relationships @@ -504662,7 +504663,7 @@ - + Any of the the series of transverse folds (ridges) of the mucosa located on the anterior third part of the secondary (hard) palate of most mammalian species. A masticatory vestige on the hard palate; one of several irregular, sometimes branching, crests of soft tissue that radiate from the region of the incisive papillae at their most anterior parts and extend a slight distance backward, crossing the hard palate and reaching laterally for variable distances. rugae are present on each side of the median palatal raphe and behind the incisive papillae, but their number and arrangement are species specific; together with the teeth and the tongue, rugae take part in mastication by helping to sense, hold and mash the food; rugae harbor various types of intraepithelial sensory structures (such as Merckel cells, corpuscular endings and free nerve endings), and play a sensory role when the food is pressed by the tongue against the hard palate[MP] @@ -504690,14 +504691,14 @@ transverse palatine fold - + - + true https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Inferring-part-of-relationships @@ -504827,7 +504828,7 @@ - + Primitive endoderm-derived tissue that lines the luminal surface of the mural trophectoderm[MP]. EMAPA:16053 uberon @@ -504836,7 +504837,7 @@ parietal endoderm - + @@ -504849,7 +504850,7 @@ - + MP @@ -504982,11 +504983,11 @@ - - - - - + + + + + The stylopharyngeus is a muscle in the head that stretches between the styloid process and the pharynx. The stylopharyngeus is a pharyngeal arch III muscle that participates in oral/pharyngeal behaviors and is innervated by the n. to stylopharyngeus branch of the glossopharyngeal n. and attaches to the hyoid apparatus and the pharynx.[FEED] @@ -505004,23 +505005,23 @@ stylopharyngeus muscle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/59/Musculusstylopharyngeus.png - + - + - + - + - + @@ -505033,31 +505034,31 @@ - + FMA-abduced-lr - + dbpedia - + Wikipedia - + dbpedia - + thyroid cartilage dbpedia @@ -505213,7 +505214,7 @@ - + @@ -505234,14 +505235,14 @@ coagulating gland - + - + MA EMAPA @@ -505545,7 +505546,7 @@ - + The part of the cochlear labyrinth where the scala tympani and the scala vestibuli meet. It is the main component of the cochlear apex. The hair cells in this area best detect low frequency sounds. apex of cochlea cochlear apex @@ -505560,7 +505561,7 @@ helicotrema http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/19/Gray923.png - + @@ -505573,7 +505574,7 @@ - + Wikipedia @@ -505687,8 +505688,8 @@ - - + + @@ -505710,24 +505711,24 @@ pharyngeal slit https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Gill_slits.png/280px-Gill_slits.png - + - + - + PMID:11961109 - + cjm @@ -505813,20 +505814,20 @@ - + An endoderm that is part of a thymus primordium. uberon UBERON:0008817 thymus primordium endoderm - + - + PMID:16313389 @@ -505842,7 +505843,7 @@ - + The superior mediastinum is that portion of the interpleural space which lies between the manubrium sterni in front, and the upper thoracic vertebrae behind. FMA:9827 NCIT:C33684 @@ -505856,14 +505857,14 @@ superior mediastinum http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ab/Mediastinum.png - + - + FMA @@ -505898,8 +505899,8 @@ - - + + Anterior, middle and posterior mediastinum. FMA:9828 SCTID:243950006 @@ -505909,24 +505910,24 @@ UBERON:0008819 inferior mediastinum - + - + - + FMA-propagated - + FMA @@ -505948,7 +505949,7 @@ - + The anterior mediastinum exists only on the left side where the left pleura diverges from the mid-sternal line. It is narrow, above, but widens out a little below. FMA:9838 @@ -505963,14 +505964,14 @@ anterior mediastinum http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ab/Mediastinum.png - + - + FMA @@ -506011,7 +506012,7 @@ - + The middle mediastinum is the broadest part of the interpleural space. It is made up of the pericardial sac and its contents. FMA:9839 NCIT:C33123 @@ -506025,14 +506026,14 @@ middle mediastinum http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ab/Mediastinum.png - + - + FMA @@ -506067,7 +506068,7 @@ - + The posterior mediastinum is an irregular triangular space running parallel with the vertebral column. FMA:9840 NCIT:C33368 @@ -506081,14 +506082,14 @@ posterior mediastinum http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ab/Mediastinum.png - + - + FMA @@ -506135,7 +506136,7 @@ - + @@ -506150,7 +506151,7 @@ neural tube derived brain https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/338 - + @@ -506163,7 +506164,7 @@ - + FMA @@ -506192,7 +506193,7 @@ - + @@ -506212,14 +506213,14 @@ UBERON:0008824 duct of epididymis - + - + FMA @@ -506423,8 +506424,8 @@ - - + + @@ -506444,11 +506445,11 @@ presphenoid bone - + - + @@ -506461,13 +506462,13 @@ - + MA - + ISBN:0073040584 @@ -506693,7 +506694,7 @@ - + A nerve arising from the second and third cervical nerves from the cervical plexus and innervating the skin over the parotid gland, the skin of part of the ear, the adjacent portion of the scalp, cheek, and angle of the jaw. FMA:6872 @@ -506708,14 +506709,14 @@ great auricular nerve http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dc/Gray805.png - + - + FMA Wikipedia @@ -506752,7 +506753,7 @@ - + The first body segment in annelids worms. It is in front of (but does not include) the mouth, being usually a small shelf- or lip-like extension over the dorsal side of the mouth. Often functions like a kind of overlip when the animal is feeding. sometimes bears antennae and eyes @@ -506763,14 +506764,14 @@ UBERON:0008834 prostomium - + - + Wikipedia @@ -506797,8 +506798,8 @@ - - + + An out-pocket of thickened ventral foregut epithelium adjacent to the developing heart. Constitutes the first morphological sign of the embryonic liver. The anterior portion of the hepatic diverticulum gives rise to the liver and intrahepatic biliary tree, while the posterior portion forms the gall bladder and extrahepatic bile ducts. in mice, the hepatic diverticulum forms by E9 and expands into an obvious liver bud by E10 The caudal part of the septum transversum is invaded by the hepatic diverticulum which divides within it to form the liver and thus gives rise to the ventral mesentery of the foregut. @@ -506817,11 +506818,11 @@ hepatic diverticulum http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4f/Gray1088.png - + - + @@ -506834,14 +506835,14 @@ - + caudal part EHDAA2 - + EHDAA2 @@ -506880,13 +506881,13 @@ - + BTO:0001642 uberon UBERON:0008836 liver bud - + @@ -506899,7 +506900,7 @@ - + http://www.stembook.org/node/512 @@ -507055,7 +507056,7 @@ - + An autopod pad that is in the metatarsal region. The canine metatarsal pad is large and heart-shaped, and functions to cushion the foot. The pad is covered by a naked, densely cornified epidermis, which is usually highly pigmented and is the toughest region of the canine skin. The digital cushion or bulk of the foot pad is composed of a subcutaneous adipose tissue, partitioned by reticular, collagenous and elastic fibres. The subcutis of the canine footpads contains sweat glands embedded in the adipose tissue. The ducts of these glands channel through the thick epidermis of the foot pad. The secretions from these glands function as territorial or trail markers[MURDOCH:1334]. EMAPA:18507 @@ -507067,14 +507068,14 @@ UBERON:0008840 plantar pad - + - + EMAPA @@ -507134,7 +507135,7 @@ - + @@ -507149,7 +507150,7 @@ UBERON:0008842 suspensory ligament of testis - + @@ -507162,7 +507163,7 @@ - + Obol @@ -507366,7 +507367,7 @@ - + @@ -507377,10 +507378,10 @@ - - - - + + + + Dense regular connective tissue connecting two or more adjacent skeletal elements[VSAO,modified]. logical definition deliberately made strict to avoid classifying MA:spiral ligament as both nonskeletal and skeletal. see https://github.com/obophenotype/mouse-anatomy-ontology/issues/71 Dense regular connective tissue connecting two or more adjacent skeletal elements or supporting an organ.[VSAO] @@ -507405,44 +507406,44 @@ skeletal ligament https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/Knee_diagram.svg - + - + - + - + - + AEO - + AEO - + bones or cartilage organs - + VSAO @@ -507508,7 +507509,7 @@ - + @@ -507535,7 +507536,7 @@ The ligament runs in the broad ligament of the uterus, which is a fold of peritoneum rather than a fibrous ligament. Specifically, it is located in the parametrium ovarian ligament - + @@ -507548,7 +507549,7 @@ - + lower gubernaculum Wikipedia @@ -507585,7 +507586,7 @@ - + Connects the cranial tip of the future gonad to the dorsocranial abdominal cavity. TODO - check - add cranial ovarian susp ligaments EMAPA:30068 @@ -507593,7 +507594,7 @@ UBERON:0008848 cranial suspensory ligament - + @@ -507606,7 +507607,7 @@ - + EMAPA @@ -507817,7 +507818,7 @@ - + A group of granular epithelial cells in the uterine muscle beneath the placenta that develops during pregnancy in rodents and some other species. MA:0001723 @@ -507827,14 +507828,14 @@ placenta metrial gland - + - + MP @@ -507869,7 +507870,7 @@ - + @@ -507896,14 +507897,14 @@ stomach muscularis externa - + - + MA-abduced @@ -507950,7 +507951,7 @@ - + @@ -507986,14 +507987,14 @@ stomach smooth muscle circular layer - + - + FMA @@ -508041,7 +508042,7 @@ - + @@ -508073,7 +508074,7 @@ pyloric canal https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/33/Illu_stomach.jpg - + @@ -508086,7 +508087,7 @@ - + Wikipedia @@ -508134,7 +508135,7 @@ - + @@ -508160,7 +508161,7 @@ cardiac gastric gland - + @@ -508173,7 +508174,7 @@ - + FMA @@ -508276,7 +508277,7 @@ - + @@ -508301,7 +508302,7 @@ pyloric gastric gland http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bf/Gray1054.png - + @@ -508314,7 +508315,7 @@ - + Wikipedia:Tubular_gland @@ -508356,7 +508357,7 @@ - + @@ -508383,14 +508384,14 @@ The only layer of the three which is not seen in other parts of the digestive system[WP]. stomach smooth muscle inner oblique layer - + - + MP @@ -508536,7 +508537,7 @@ - + @@ -508554,14 +508555,14 @@ trabecular network of bone - + - + MP @@ -508829,7 +508830,7 @@ - + @@ -508862,14 +508863,14 @@ hypodermis skeletal muscle layer - + - + MP-def @@ -508905,7 +508906,7 @@ - + @@ -508938,14 +508939,14 @@ epidermal-dermal junction - + - + MP @@ -509044,7 +509045,7 @@ - + subclasses (anterior, superior, posterior) can be added on request EMAPA:37434 FMA:61035 @@ -509057,7 +509058,7 @@ UBERON:0008879 ligament of pinna - + @@ -509070,7 +509071,7 @@ - + MA @@ -509104,7 +509105,7 @@ - + Rearmost segment of annelid worms. periproct Wikipedia:Periproct @@ -509113,14 +509114,14 @@ UBERON:0008880 annelid pygidium - + - + Wikipedia @@ -509154,8 +509155,8 @@ - - + + @@ -509178,24 +509179,24 @@ rostral migratory stream - + - + - + BTO-modified - + MP-modified @@ -509770,9 +509771,9 @@ - - - + + + A primordium or bud that develops into a gill. TAO:0001107 XAO:0000448 @@ -509785,15 +509786,15 @@ UBERON:0008894 pharyngeal gill precursor - + - + - + @@ -509806,19 +509807,19 @@ - + XAO - + XAO - + ZFA @@ -509859,8 +509860,8 @@ - - + + Subdivision of endoskeleton derived from pharyngeal arches. @@ -509893,24 +509894,24 @@ splanchnocranium http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/77/Illu_facial_bones.jpg - + - + - + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/83 - + redundant Grays PMID:11237469 @@ -510229,7 +510230,7 @@ - + Lateral protrusion of the third ventricle. lateral recess TAO:0000231 @@ -510240,7 +510241,7 @@ UBERON:0008902 lateral recess of third ventricle - + @@ -510253,7 +510254,7 @@ - + ZFA @@ -510308,8 +510309,8 @@ - - + + Volcano-shaped lateral line sensory organ located in characteristic positions within the skin epithelium and containing hair cells and their support elements. Type of mechanoreceptive organ of the lateral line which are arranged in lines on the body surface. These organs are constituted by hair cells and supporting cells and it is located in the epidermis with its hair cells exposed to the surface. Absent in some caecilians. These receptors receive afferent and efferent innervations.[AAO] Volcano-shaped lateral line sensory organ located in characteristic positions within the skin epithelium and containing hair cells and their support elements. Kimmel et al, 1995. (Also see Anatomical Atlas entry for lateral line by T. Whitfield.)[TAO] @@ -510329,24 +510330,24 @@ neuromast - + - + - + DOI:10.1038/ncomms1502 - + ZFA @@ -510451,7 +510452,7 @@ - + @@ -510476,14 +510477,14 @@ UBERON:0008906 lateral line nerve - + - + NCBIBook:NBK53175 @@ -510534,13 +510535,13 @@ - + - + Skeletal element that forms superficially in the organism, usually in association with the ectoderm[VSAO]. Intramembranous bone that forms superficially in the organism.[TAO] other AOs are not yet in sync with this classification @@ -510555,7 +510556,7 @@ UBERON:0008907 dermal bone - + @@ -510574,7 +510575,7 @@ - + VSAO @@ -510719,8 +510720,8 @@ - - + + Bone element that is located on the surface of a cartilage element. Replacement bone that forms within the connective tissue surrounding cartilage.[TAO] AAO:0010779 @@ -510734,11 +510735,11 @@ include the subtyping under 'replacement bone', for consistency with ZFA, but VSAO does not include this intermediate class perichondral bone - + - + @@ -510751,13 +510752,13 @@ - + VSAO - + ZFA @@ -511392,7 +511393,7 @@ - + @@ -511423,7 +511424,7 @@ somatosensory cortex - + @@ -511436,7 +511437,7 @@ - + BTO @@ -511488,7 +511489,7 @@ - + (Chapin & Lin, 1984, rat): the region considered as the SI cortex is not a cytoarchitecturally homogeneous structure but consists instead of a patchwork array of areas containing dense aggregations of layer IV granule cells, surrounded by granule-cell-sparse regions. As was shown by Welker (b71,b76), and in our own mapping studies (see Fig. 3), this discontinuous pattern of granular, or koniocortical, zones contains within itself a map of the ratbs cutaneous periphery. There are clear subtypes within this cytoarchitectural subregion, notably including the bgranular aggregateb type of cytoarchitecture characteristic of the paw, limb, and mystacial vibrissae areas, and the bbarrel-fieldb type (originally described by Woolsey and Van der Loos, b70) seen in the nose and perioral regions. In the mouse, but not the rat, such barrels also cover the whole whisker representation (Welker and Woolsey, b74). ABA disjointness - Removed relationship: part_of UBERON:0001870 frontal cortex S1 @@ -511510,14 +511511,14 @@ primary somatosensory cortex - + - + DHBA MA NIFSTD @@ -511578,7 +511579,7 @@ - + The area of the upper bank of the lateral sulcus that is involved in somatic sensation. TODO - check brodmann S2 @@ -511595,14 +511596,14 @@ secondary somatosensory cortex - + - + WP @@ -511741,7 +511742,7 @@ - + @@ -511754,7 +511755,7 @@ UBERON:0008939 pedal ganglion - + @@ -511767,7 +511768,7 @@ - + BTO @@ -511783,7 +511784,7 @@ - + @@ -511796,7 +511797,7 @@ UBERON:0008940 parietal ganglion - + @@ -511809,7 +511810,7 @@ - + BTO @@ -511825,7 +511826,7 @@ - + @@ -511839,7 +511840,7 @@ UBERON:0008941 pleural ganglion - + @@ -511852,7 +511853,7 @@ - + BTO @@ -512004,13 +512005,13 @@ - + - + A parenchyma that is part of a lung. EMAPA:35522 FMA:27360 @@ -512023,7 +512024,7 @@ UBERON:0008946 lung parenchyma - + @@ -512036,7 +512037,7 @@ - + FMA @@ -512531,7 +512532,7 @@ - + Anterioinferior portion of left upper lung lobe. the lingula of the left lung in humans is not normally considered a true lobe @@ -512550,7 +512551,7 @@ UBERON:0008954 lingula of left lung - + @@ -512563,7 +512564,7 @@ - + ISBN:0123813611 @@ -512650,21 +512651,21 @@ - + A layer of new bone growth outside existing bone seen in pyogenic osteomyelitis. It results from the stripping off of the periosteum by the accumulation of pus within the bone, and new bone growing from the periosteum. Wikipedia:Involucrum uberon UBERON:0008956 involucrum - + - + Wikipedia @@ -512680,21 +512681,21 @@ - + A piece of dead bone that has become separated during the process of necrosis from normal/sound bone.. Wikipedia:Sequestrum uberon UBERON:0008957 sequestrum - + - + Wikipedia @@ -512710,7 +512711,7 @@ - + @@ -512728,14 +512729,14 @@ UBERON:0008958 cetacean involucrum - + - + Wikipedia:Evolution_of_cetaceans @@ -512751,9 +512752,9 @@ - - - + + + A hollow bony structure on the ventral, posterior portion of the skull of placental mammals that encloses parts of the middle and inner ear. In most species, it is formed by the tympanic part of the temporal bone. In extant primates, the structure is found in tarsiers, lemurs, and lorises[WP]. When present in marsupials, it usually forms the alisphenoid; in placentals variously constructed of ectotympanic, entotympanic, petrosal, or a combination of these and others may be formed from entotympanic and ectotympanic @@ -512770,34 +512771,34 @@ auditory bulla http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/Toothed_whale_sound_production.png - + - + - + - + ISBN:0073040584 - + Wikipedia - + Rose @@ -513023,7 +513024,7 @@ - + @@ -513039,7 +513040,7 @@ UBERON:0008964 abdominal ganglion of visceral hump - + @@ -513052,7 +513053,7 @@ - + BTO @@ -513080,7 +513081,7 @@ - + The semioval center is the white matter found underneath the grey matter on the surface of the cerebrum. The term is synonymous with cerebral white matter. The white matter, located in each hemisphere between the cerebral cortex and nuclei, as a whole has a semioval shape. It consists of cortical projection fibers, association fibers and cortical fibers. WP suggests a merge with cerebral white matter BAMS:cw @@ -513103,14 +513104,14 @@ centrum semiovale http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/95/Gray752.png - + - + FMA @@ -513236,8 +513237,8 @@ - - + + The distal portion of the colon; it develops embryonically from the hindgut and functions in the storage and elimination of waste. BTO:0000646 CALOHA:TS-0202 @@ -513250,24 +513251,24 @@ UBERON:0008971 left colon - + - + - + BTO - + BTO @@ -513295,8 +513296,8 @@ - - + + The proximal portion of the colon, extending from the ileocecal valve usually to a point proximal to the left colic flexure; it develops embryonically from the terminal portion of the midgut and functions in absorption. BTO:0000649 NCIT:C12383 @@ -513308,24 +513309,24 @@ UBERON:0008972 right colon - + - + - + BTO - + BTO @@ -513434,7 +513435,7 @@ - + @@ -513453,14 +513454,14 @@ snake venom glands are modified salivary glands. In future this class may be merged into a more general modified salivary gland venom gland class snake venom gland - + - + ISBN:0073040584 @@ -513488,7 +513489,7 @@ - + @@ -513510,14 +513511,14 @@ pes anserinus of tibia https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b1/Pes_anserinus.png - + - + BTO @@ -513673,7 +513674,7 @@ - + @@ -513696,7 +513697,7 @@ fascia - + @@ -513709,7 +513710,7 @@ - + fasciae connect muscles to other muscles @@ -513740,12 +513741,12 @@ - + - + The functional tissue of the kidney, consisting of the nephrons. BTO:0003604 FMA:15574 @@ -513756,7 +513757,7 @@ UBERON:0008987 renal parenchyma - + @@ -513769,7 +513770,7 @@ - + FMA @@ -513876,7 +513877,7 @@ - + The part of the chorion where the villi persist, forming the foetal part of the placenta. BTO:0003677 SCTID:37333001 @@ -513885,7 +513886,7 @@ UBERON:0008992 chorion frondosum - + @@ -513898,7 +513899,7 @@ - + BTO @@ -514157,7 +514158,7 @@ - + @@ -514172,14 +514173,14 @@ UBERON:0008999 hoof lamina - + - + BTO @@ -514285,7 +514286,7 @@ - + @@ -514309,14 +514310,14 @@ placental membrane - + - + BTO @@ -514531,7 +514532,7 @@ - + @@ -514555,14 +514556,14 @@ carotid sinus nerve - + - + FMA @@ -514798,7 +514799,7 @@ - + EMAPA:35241 FMA:312260 MA:0001239 @@ -514809,14 +514810,14 @@ UBERON:0009016 ciliary stroma - + - + MA @@ -515348,7 +515349,7 @@ - + @@ -515366,7 +515367,7 @@ sulcus ampullaris - + @@ -515379,7 +515380,7 @@ - + MA @@ -515412,7 +515413,7 @@ - + A germinal center that is located in a lymph node. germinal center @@ -515432,14 +515433,14 @@ lymph node germinal center - + - + MA @@ -515473,14 +515474,14 @@ - + - + The deep circumflex iliac artery (or deep iliac circumflex artery) is an artery in the pelvis that travels along the iliac crest of the pelvic bone. FMA:20687 @@ -515500,24 +515501,24 @@ http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/07/Gray586.png http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/74/Gray586.png - + - + - + FMA - + FMA @@ -515588,7 +515589,7 @@ - + The superficial iliac circumflex artery (or superficial circumflex iliac), the smallest of the cutaneous branches of the femoral artery, arises close to the superficial epigastric artery, and, piercing the fascia lata, runs lateralward, parallel with the inguinal ligament, as far as the crest of the ilium. It divides into branches which supply the integument of the groin, the superficial fascia, and the superficial subinguinal lymph glands, anastomosing with the deep iliac circumflex, the superior gluteal and lateral femoral circumflex arteries. FMA:20737 @@ -515604,14 +515605,14 @@ superficial circumflex iliac artery http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8b/Gray548.png - + - + FMA @@ -516319,20 +516320,20 @@ - + SCTID:62426003 uberon UBERON:0009064 cervical air sac - + - + ISBN:0073040584 @@ -516343,7 +516344,7 @@ - + SCTID:17911004 uberon @@ -516352,14 +516353,14 @@ UBERON:0009065 anterior thoracic air sac - + - + ISBN:0073040584 @@ -516376,7 +516377,7 @@ - + SCTID:10576005 uberon caudal thoracic air sac @@ -516384,14 +516385,14 @@ UBERON:0009066 posterior thoracic air sac - + - + ISBN:0073040584 @@ -516402,20 +516403,20 @@ - + SCTID:43701009 uberon UBERON:0009067 abdominal air sac - + - + ISBN:0073040584 @@ -516661,21 +516662,21 @@ - + This class was created in order to align KUPO with CL. The original class was undefined, and the intended meaning is not clear, may be obsoleted in future. The vasa recta is parallel to the loop of Henles, this may refer to the portion of the vasa recta in the inner medullar parallel to the descending limb KUPO:0001003 uberon UBERON:0009089 inner medulla vasa recta descending limb - + - + KUPO @@ -516692,21 +516693,21 @@ - + This class was created in order to align KUPO with CL. The original class was undefined, and the intended meaning is not clear, may be obsoleted in future. The vasa recta is parallel to the loop of Henles, this may refer to the portion of the vasa recta in the outer medullar parallel to the descending limb KUPO:0001004 uberon UBERON:0009090 outer medulla vasa recta descending limb - + - + KUPO @@ -516723,7 +516724,7 @@ - + This class was created in order to align KUPO with CL. The original class was undefined, and the intended meaning is not clear, may be obsoleted in future. The vasa recta is parallel to the loop of Henles, this may refer to the portion of the vasa recta parallel to the ascending limb KUPO:0001005 @@ -516732,14 +516733,14 @@ vasa recta ascending limb - + - + KUPO @@ -516756,21 +516757,21 @@ - + This class was created in order to align KUPO with CL. The original class was undefined, and the intended meaning is not clear, may be obsoleted in future. The vasa recta is parallel to the loop of Henles, this may refer to the portion of the vasa recta in the inner medulla parallel to the ascending limb KUPO:0001006 uberon UBERON:0009092 inner medulla vasa recta ascending limb - + - + KUPO @@ -516787,21 +516788,21 @@ - + This class was created in order to align KUPO with CL. The original class was undefined, and the intended meaning is not clear, may be obsoleted in future. The vasa recta is parallel to the loop of Henles, this may refer to the portion of the vasa recta in the outer medulla parallel to the ascending limb KUPO:0001007 uberon UBERON:0009093 outer medulla vasa recta ascending limb - + - + KUPO @@ -516817,7 +516818,7 @@ - + KUPO:0001009 papillary tip @@ -516827,14 +516828,14 @@ tip of renal papilla - + - + KUPO @@ -517244,7 +517245,7 @@ - + @@ -517258,14 +517259,14 @@ Genes: FOXN1 thymoid - + - + PMID:21293377 @@ -517329,7 +517330,7 @@ - + pouch Wikipedia:Pouch_(marsupial) marsupial pouch @@ -517337,14 +517338,14 @@ UBERON:0009118 marsupium - + - + we consider the fetus a type of or stage of the embryo @@ -517399,7 +517400,7 @@ - + @@ -517418,7 +517419,7 @@ gill filament - + @@ -517431,7 +517432,7 @@ - + ZFA @@ -517463,7 +517464,7 @@ - + @@ -517478,7 +517479,7 @@ - + @@ -517500,7 +517501,7 @@ UBERON:0009121 vomeronasal nerve - + @@ -517513,14 +517514,14 @@ - + - + Wikipedia @@ -517532,7 +517533,7 @@ - + ISBN:0471888893 @@ -517566,7 +517567,7 @@ - + The adenohypophyseal placode forms the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland and gives rise to the endocrine secretory cells of the pituitary. consider adding more detailed spatial placement - e.g. oral ectoderm and/or rostal ectoderm Fate-mapping studies in amphibian, chick and mouse embryos (Eagleson et al., 1986; 1995; Couly and Le Douarin, 1985; Cobos et al., 2001; Osumi-Yamachita et al., 1994; Kawamura et al., 2002) have shown that the cells contributing to the adenohypophysis develop at the midline of the anterior neural ridge, which delineates the rostral boundary of the neural plate, a region devoid of neural crest. The anterior neural ridge also gives rise to the olfactory placodes and some forebrain tissues including the olfactory bulbs (reviewed in Papalopulu, 1995). Ablation of this region in chick embryos at the 2-4 somite stage confirmed these lineage analyses as it prevented formation of Rathke's pouch and any further pituitary development (elAmraoui and Dubois, 1993). Upon head folding, the oral ectoderm cells of the adenohypophyseal placode invaginate towards the prospective ventral diencephalon to form Rathke's pouch, the anlage of the adenohypophysis. Rathke's pouch starts as an invagination of the oral ectoderm in response to inductive signals from the prospective diencephalon. The region of the diencephalon above the pouch is known as the infundibulum and forms the posterior lobe of the pituitary or neurohypohysis (Figure 3). While in most basal fish and tetrapods the adenohypophyseal anlagen invaginates to form Rathke's pouch, in teleost fish the adenohypophyseal placode does not invaginate but rather maintains its initial organization forming a solid structure in the head (reviewed in Pogoda and Hammerschmidt; 2009) @@ -517580,7 +517581,7 @@ adenohypophyseal placode - + @@ -517593,7 +517594,7 @@ - + ZFA @@ -517829,13 +517830,13 @@ - + - + Cranial ganglion which develops from an epibranchial placode. BTO:0006250 @@ -517848,7 +517849,7 @@ Epibranchial ganglia orchestrate the development of the cranial neurogenic crest epibranchial ganglion - + @@ -517861,7 +517862,7 @@ - + NCBIBook:NBK53175 @@ -517988,8 +517989,8 @@ - - + + Endocardium that is part of the right atrium. EHDAA2:0000274 FMA:7281 @@ -518003,24 +518004,24 @@ UBERON:0009129 right atrium endocardium - + - + - + EHDAA2 - + EHDAA2 @@ -518054,14 +518055,14 @@ - + RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000411 SCTID:361433003 uberon UBERON:0009130 dorsal meso-duodenum - + @@ -518074,7 +518075,7 @@ - + EHDAA2 @@ -518098,8 +518099,8 @@ - - + + One of a group of three muscles fibularis (peronæus) longus, brevis, and tertius originating on the fibula and inserting on the metatarsals. EHDAA2:0001450 EHDAA:8297 @@ -518118,24 +518119,24 @@ peroneus - + - + - + wikipedia - + wikipedia @@ -518229,7 +518230,7 @@ - + only a vestige of the right duct in the adult hagfish (21)[PMID:20959416, S1] EHDAA2:0004535 FMA:70310 @@ -518239,7 +518240,7 @@ UBERON:0009138 right common cardinal vein - + @@ -518252,7 +518253,7 @@ - + EHDAA2 @@ -518421,7 +518422,7 @@ - + @@ -518438,14 +518439,14 @@ UBERON:0009142 entire embryonic mesenchyme - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -518487,7 +518488,7 @@ - + EMAPA:16549 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001454 pharyngeal region @@ -518495,14 +518496,14 @@ UBERON:0009145 pharyngeal region of foregut - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -518636,8 +518637,8 @@ - - + + @@ -518651,11 +518652,11 @@ UBERON:0009191 sphenoid bone pre-cartilage condensation - + - + @@ -518674,13 +518675,13 @@ - + EHDAA2 - + EHDAA2 @@ -518698,9 +518699,9 @@ - - - + + + EHDAA2:0003447 EMAPA:18013 basi-sphenoid pre-cartilage condensation @@ -518708,15 +518709,15 @@ UBERON:0009192 basisphenoid pre-cartilage condensation - + - + - + @@ -518729,19 +518730,19 @@ - + EHDAA2 - + EHDAA2 - + EHDAA2 @@ -518813,8 +518814,8 @@ - - + + EHDAA2:0000166 EMAPA:18338 VHOG:0001338 @@ -518823,11 +518824,11 @@ UBERON:0009194 basisphenoid cartilage condenstion - + - + @@ -518840,13 +518841,13 @@ - + EHDAA2 - + EHDAA2 @@ -518862,8 +518863,8 @@ - - + + The dorsal part of the cloacal membrane following its partition by the urorectal septum. EHDAA2:0004018 NCIT:C34105 @@ -518874,24 +518875,24 @@ During the 7th week the urorectal septum divides the cloacal membrane into a urogenital membrane (ventrally) and an anal membrane (dorsally) [http://www.embryology.ch/anglais/ugenital/genitexterne01.html] anal membrane - + - + - + EHDAA2 - + EHDAA2 @@ -518951,7 +518952,7 @@ - + @@ -518967,7 +518968,7 @@ UBERON:0009197 basioccipital pre-cartilage condensation - + @@ -518980,7 +518981,7 @@ - + EHDAA2 @@ -519071,20 +519072,20 @@ - + Any suture between facial bones. uberon UBERON:0009199 facial suture - + - + between two adjacent facial bones @@ -519172,7 +519173,7 @@ - + This class was created in order to align KUPO with CL. The original class was undefined, and the intended meaning is not clear, may be obsoleted in future. The vasa recta is parallel to the loop of Henles, this may refer to the portion of the vasa recta parallel to the descending limb KUPO:0001002 @@ -519181,14 +519182,14 @@ vasa recta descending limb - + - + KUPO @@ -519270,12 +519271,12 @@ - + - + Mesenchyme that is part of a medial nasal prominence. EHDAA2:0001077 @@ -519285,14 +519286,14 @@ UBERON:0009204 medial nasal process mesenchyme - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -519371,7 +519372,7 @@ - + @@ -519386,14 +519387,14 @@ UBERON:0009206 lateral nasal process surface ectoderm - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -519440,7 +519441,7 @@ - + @@ -519480,14 +519481,14 @@ each membrane is initially composed of an inner layer formed by the endodermal lining of a branchial pouch and an outer layer formed by the ectodermal lining of the branchial groove; later, these two layers become separated by a thin layer of mesoderm; only the first branchial membrane contributes to the formation of an adult structure, i.e. the tympanic membrane (aka eardrum); the second, third, and fourth membranes are obliterated[MP] pharyngeal membrane - + - + EMAPA @@ -519525,7 +519526,7 @@ - + @@ -519553,14 +519554,14 @@ UBERON:0009213 pharyngeal membrane of 1st arch - + - + EMAPA @@ -519600,7 +519601,7 @@ - + @@ -519622,14 +519623,14 @@ UBERON:0009215 pharyngeal membrane of 2nd arch - + - + EMAPA @@ -519661,7 +519662,7 @@ - + @@ -519683,14 +519684,14 @@ UBERON:0009216 pharyngeal membrane of 3rd arch - + - + EMAPA @@ -519722,7 +519723,7 @@ - + @@ -519742,14 +519743,14 @@ UBERON:0009217 pharyngeal membrane of 4th arch - + - + EMAPA @@ -519842,7 +519843,7 @@ - + EHDAA:4780 EMAPA:16802 FMA:313738 @@ -519853,14 +519854,14 @@ UBERON:0009293 embryonic frontal process - + - + EMAPA @@ -519905,7 +519906,7 @@ - + The posterior portion of the sphenoid bone developed in five separate parts consisting of a central basisphenoid, the two alisphenoids, and the two medial pterygoid laminae. FMA:321633 SCTID:95950009 @@ -519914,7 +519915,7 @@ UBERON:0009470 postsphenoidal bone - + @@ -519927,7 +519928,7 @@ - + cjm @@ -519944,7 +519945,7 @@ - + The superior surface of the tongue divided by the sulcus terminalis into an anterior two-thirds, the presulcal part (pars presulcalis). and a posterior one-third, the postsulcal part (pars postsulcalis). FMA:54651 NCIT:C32482 @@ -519957,14 +519958,14 @@ UBERON:0009471 dorsum of tongue - + - + FMA @@ -520004,7 +520005,7 @@ - + The axilla is the area directly under the joint where the forelimb connects to the shoulder. axillary CALOHA:TS-2208 @@ -520033,14 +520034,14 @@ axilla http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Gray411.png - + - + FMA @@ -520130,7 +520131,7 @@ - + Either of a pair of fleshy lateral processes borne by most segments of a polychaete worm. Wikipedia:Parapodium paradpod @@ -520140,7 +520141,7 @@ UBERON:0009473 parapodium - + @@ -520153,7 +520154,7 @@ - + Wikipedia @@ -520212,7 +520213,7 @@ - + @@ -520225,14 +520226,14 @@ UBERON:0009476 madreporite - + - + BTO @@ -520299,7 +520300,7 @@ - + Mesenchyme that is part of a developing midgut. previously logically defined as mesenchyme of midgut, but this caused disjointness violations between dense and loose mesenchyme EHDAA2:0001186 @@ -520310,7 +520311,7 @@ associated mesenchyme of midgut - + @@ -520323,7 +520324,7 @@ - + EHDAA2 @@ -520600,7 +520601,7 @@ - + A portion of mesenchymal tissue associated with an individual pharyngeal arch. this represents a part of the entire arch mesenchyme (UBERON:0010046), and is therefore a superclass of the individual arch mesenchyme classes. Alternate definition: primordial embryonic connective tissue associated with the branchial arches, consisting of mesenchymal cells supported in interlaminar jelly, that derive mostly from the mesoderm and contribute to facial and cranial nerve-associated structures. EMAPA:32755 @@ -520612,7 +520613,7 @@ pharyngeal arch mesenchymal region - + @@ -520625,7 +520626,7 @@ - + cjm @@ -520660,7 +520661,7 @@ - + EHDAA2:0000172 EMAPA:16562 uberon @@ -520668,14 +520669,14 @@ extrahepatic part of biliary bud - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -520686,7 +520687,7 @@ - + EHDAA2:0000173 EMAPA:16563 uberon @@ -520694,14 +520695,14 @@ intrahepatic part of biliary bud - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -520724,14 +520725,14 @@ - + - + An epithelium that is part of a foregut-midgut junction. EHDAA2:0000573 EMAPA:16564 @@ -520740,24 +520741,24 @@ epithelium of foregut-midgut junction - + - + - + EHDAA2 - + EHDAA2 @@ -520804,8 +520805,8 @@ - - + + @@ -520824,24 +520825,24 @@ periotic mesenchyme - + - + - + XAO - + EHDAA2 @@ -521132,8 +521133,8 @@ - - + + Mesenchyme that is part of a developing middle ear. Also 1st arch maxillary mesenchyme in EHDAA2 otic mesenchyme @@ -521145,11 +521146,11 @@ mesenchyme of middle ear - + - + @@ -521162,13 +521163,13 @@ - + EHDAA2 - + EHDAA2 @@ -521297,7 +521298,7 @@ - + Mesenchyme that is part of a handplate. We group two EMAPA classes here but these may need to be separated EHDAA2:0000731 @@ -521310,14 +521311,14 @@ mesenchyme of handplate - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -521715,7 +521716,7 @@ - + @@ -521744,7 +521745,7 @@ UBERON:0009551 distal segment of digit - + @@ -521764,7 +521765,7 @@ - + cjm @@ -522219,8 +522220,8 @@ - - + + A nail, hoof or claw. MESH:D006724 uberon @@ -522232,24 +522233,24 @@ UBERON:0009564 distal limb integumentary appendage - + - + - + cjm - + Wikipathways:WP2062 @@ -522276,8 +522277,8 @@ - - + + A nail that is part of a manual digit. EMAPA:35349 FMA:54327 @@ -522297,24 +522298,24 @@ nail of manual digit - + - + - + FMA - + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Inferring-part-of-relationships @@ -522396,7 +522397,7 @@ - + A submucosa that is part of a intestine. FMA:15696 submucosa of intestine @@ -522404,14 +522405,14 @@ UBERON:0009566 intestinal submucosa - + - + FMA @@ -522444,8 +522445,8 @@ - - + + A nail that is part of a pedal digit. EMAPA:36457 FMA:54328 @@ -522469,24 +522470,24 @@ nail of pedal digit - + - + - + FMA - + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Inferring-part-of-relationships @@ -522936,7 +522937,7 @@ - + A sulcus limitans of neural tube that is part of a future medulla oblongata. EHDAA2:0001100 EMAPA:17561 @@ -522944,14 +522945,14 @@ UBERON:0009576 medulla oblongata sulcus limitans - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -523164,7 +523165,7 @@ - + EFO:0003602 EMAPA:17579 MA:0003192 @@ -523176,14 +523177,14 @@ spinal cord lateral wall - + - + EMAPA @@ -523240,12 +523241,12 @@ - + - + Mesenchyme that is part of a 1st arch mandibular component. UBERON:0010043 EHDAA2:0000034 @@ -523258,14 +523259,14 @@ UBERON:0009584 1st arch mandibular mesenchyme - + - + EMAPA @@ -523336,13 +523337,13 @@ - + - + An interdigital region mesenchyme that is part of a interdigital region between manual digits 1 and 2. EHDAA2:0000846 EMAPA:17447 @@ -523352,14 +523353,14 @@ UBERON:0009586 mesenchyme of interdigital region between manual digits 1 and 2 - + - + EMAPA @@ -523391,13 +523392,13 @@ - + - + An interdigital region mesenchyme that is part of a interdigital region between manual digits 2 and 3. EHDAA2:0000849 EMAPA:17450 @@ -523407,14 +523408,14 @@ UBERON:0009587 mesenchyme of interdigital region between manual digits 2 and 3 - + - + EMAPA @@ -523446,13 +523447,13 @@ - + - + An interdigital region mesenchyme that is part of a interdigital region between manual digits 3 and 4. EHDAA2:0000852 EMAPA:17453 @@ -523462,14 +523463,14 @@ UBERON:0009588 mesenchyme of interdigital region between manual digits 3 and 4 - + - + EMAPA @@ -523501,13 +523502,13 @@ - + - + An interdigital region mesenchyme that is part of a interdigital region between manual digits 4 and 5. EHDAA2:0000855 EMAPA:17456 @@ -523517,14 +523518,14 @@ UBERON:0009589 mesenchyme of interdigital region between manual digits 4 and 5 - + - + EMAPA @@ -523556,13 +523557,13 @@ - + - + An interdigital region mesenchyme that is part of a interdigital region between pedal digits 1 and 2. EHDAA2:0000858 EMAPA:17478 @@ -523572,14 +523573,14 @@ UBERON:0009590 mesenchyme of interdigital region between pedal digits 1 and 2 - + - + EMAPA @@ -523611,13 +523612,13 @@ - + - + An interdigital region mesenchyme that is part of a interdigital region between pedal digits 2 and 3. EHDAA2:0000861 EMAPA:17481 @@ -523627,14 +523628,14 @@ UBERON:0009591 mesenchyme of interdigital region between pedal digits 2 and 3 - + - + EMAPA @@ -523666,13 +523667,13 @@ - + - + An interdigital region mesenchyme that is part of a interdigital region between pedal digits 3 and 4. EHDAA2:0000864 EMAPA:17484 @@ -523682,14 +523683,14 @@ UBERON:0009592 mesenchyme of interdigital region between pedal digits 3 and 4 - + - + EMAPA @@ -523721,13 +523722,13 @@ - + - + An interdigital region mesenchyme that is part of a interdigital region between pedal digits 4 and 5. EHDAA2:0000867 EMAPA:17487 @@ -523737,14 +523738,14 @@ UBERON:0009593 mesenchyme of interdigital region between pedal digits 4 and 5 - + - + EMAPA @@ -523957,7 +523958,7 @@ - + An interdigital region mesenchyme that is part of a manus. EMAPA:32653 mesenchyme of interdigital region of forelimb @@ -523965,14 +523966,14 @@ UBERON:0009600 mesenchyme of interdigital region of manus - + - + true https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Inferring-part-of-relationships @@ -524001,7 +524002,7 @@ - + An interdigital region mesenchyme that is part of a pes. EMAPA:32955 mesenchyme of interdigital region of hindlimb @@ -524009,14 +524010,14 @@ UBERON:0009601 mesenchyme of interdigital region of pes - + - + true https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Inferring-part-of-relationships @@ -524121,9 +524122,9 @@ - + - + @@ -524137,7 +524138,7 @@ UBERON:0009610 forebrain neural plate - + @@ -524146,20 +524147,20 @@ - + - + ZFA - + ZFA @@ -524174,9 +524175,9 @@ - + - + @@ -524190,7 +524191,7 @@ UBERON:0009611 midbrain neural plate - + @@ -524199,20 +524200,20 @@ - + - + ZFA - + ZFA @@ -524229,8 +524230,8 @@ - - + + TAO:0007020 ZFA:0007020 diencephalic-mesencephalic boundary neural plate @@ -524238,11 +524239,11 @@ UBERON:0009612 forebrain midbrain boundary neural plate - + - + @@ -524255,13 +524256,13 @@ - + ZFA - + ZFA @@ -524276,9 +524277,9 @@ - + - + @@ -524292,7 +524293,7 @@ UBERON:0009614 hindbrain neural plate - + @@ -524301,20 +524302,20 @@ - + - + ZFA - + ZFA @@ -524330,8 +524331,8 @@ - - + + TODO - developmental relationships for lines TAO:0007044 ZFA:0007044 @@ -524341,24 +524342,24 @@ UBERON:0009615 midbrain hindbrain boundary neural plate - + - + - + ZFA - + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/438 Bgee:AN @@ -524392,14 +524393,14 @@ - + - + @@ -524424,24 +524425,24 @@ presumptive midbrain - + - + - + ZFA - + ZFA @@ -524487,7 +524488,7 @@ - + Bilateral mesenchymal mesoderm parallel and immediately adjacent to the neural tube/notochord; it generates a subset of extra-ocular, and other head, muscles. A major contributor to neurocranium [PMID:16313393] EHDAA2:0000736 @@ -524504,14 +524505,14 @@ UBERON:0009617 head paraxial mesoderm - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -524564,7 +524565,7 @@ - + EHDAA2:0002094 trunk and cervical paraxial mesenchyme uberon @@ -524572,14 +524573,14 @@ UBERON:0009618 trunk paraxial mesoderm - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -524602,24 +524603,24 @@ - + - + EHDAA2:0003239 uberon UBERON:0009620 tail bud paraxial mesoderm - + - + @@ -524632,13 +524633,13 @@ - + EHDAA2 - + EHDAA2 @@ -524698,7 +524699,7 @@ - + A proximal straight tubule that is part of a pronephros. TAO:0002239 ZFA:0001621 @@ -524707,14 +524708,14 @@ UBERON:0009622 pronephric proximal straight tubule - + - + true https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Inferring-part-of-relationships @@ -524995,7 +524996,7 @@ - + @@ -525016,14 +525017,14 @@ coccygeal nerve http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d1/Gray802.png - + - + FMA-abduced-lr @@ -525381,8 +525382,8 @@ - - + + Chondrocranium chondrification center that fuses with cartilages derived from sclerotome region of occipital somites forming occipital bone, hypoglossal canals and foramen magnum. Rod-shaped paired cartilages on either side of the notochord. They unite, forming the base of the chondrocranium and are replaced by the prootic bones.[TAO] NCIT:C34243 @@ -525394,11 +525395,11 @@ UBERON:0009635 parachordal cartilage - + - + @@ -525411,13 +525412,13 @@ - + ZFA - + ZFA @@ -525503,10 +525504,10 @@ - - - - + + + + The body of the sphenoid bone, more or less cubical in shape, is hollowed out in its interior to form two large cavities, the sphenoidal air sinuses, which are separated from each other by a septum. FMA:52867 SCTID:140491003 @@ -525522,44 +525523,44 @@ body of sphenoid http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d5/Gray146.png - + - + - + - + - + FMA - + FMA - + ISBN:1588903958 - + ISBN:1588903958 @@ -525625,7 +525626,7 @@ - + The ansa lenticularis (ansa lentiformis in older texts) is a part of the brain, making up the superior layer of the substantia innominata of Meynert. Its fibers, derived from the medullary lamina of the lentiform nucleus, pass medially to end in the thalamus and subthalamic region, while others are said to end in the tegmentum and red nucleus. It is classified by NeuroNames as part of the subthalamus. BAMS:al DHBA:10571 @@ -525643,14 +525644,14 @@ ansa lenticularis http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/94/DA-loops_in_PD.jpg - + - + FMA @@ -525695,8 +525696,8 @@ - - + + A pathway containing fibers from midbrain nuclei that project to the inferior olivary complex, as well as fibers originating in the pontine reticular formation and the medullary reticular formation that project to several nuclei of the thalamus. It can be identified in the midbrain and the pons (Adapted from Brain Info). The central tegmental tract is a structure in the midbrain and pons. The central tegmental tract includes ascending axonal fibers which arise from the rostral nucleus solitarius and terminate in the ventral posteromedial nucleus (VPM) of thalamus. Information from the thalamus will go to cortical taste area, namely the insula and frontal operculum. It also contains descending axonal fibers from the parvocellular red nucleus. The descending axons will project to the inferior olivary nucleus. This latter pathway will be used to connect the contralateral cerebellum[Wikipedia:Central_tegmental_tract]. BAMS:ctg @@ -525712,11 +525713,11 @@ central tegmental tract http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f7/Midbrainsuperiorcolliculus.png - + - + @@ -525729,13 +525730,13 @@ - + NIFSTD - + NIFSTD @@ -526041,7 +526042,7 @@ - + The portions of renal substance (cortex) intervening between the bases of the pyramids and the capsule of the kidney. EMAPA:37486 FMA:17876 @@ -526056,14 +526057,14 @@ UBERON:0009650 cortical arch of kidney - + - + MA @@ -526126,7 +526127,7 @@ - + A basement membrane that is part of a nephron tubule. EMAPA:37490 MA:0001680 @@ -526140,14 +526141,14 @@ UBERON:0009651 nephron tubule basement membrane - + - + true https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Inferring-part-of-relationships @@ -526200,7 +526201,7 @@ - + A basement membrane that is part of a bronchus. MA classifies as type of connective tissue: https://github.com/obophenotype/mouse-anatomy-ontology/issues/108 EMAPA:37809 @@ -526212,14 +526213,14 @@ UBERON:0009652 bronchus basement membrane - + - + true https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Inferring-part-of-relationships @@ -526272,8 +526273,8 @@ - - + + A basement membrane that is part of a trachea. EMAPA:37552 MA:0001854 @@ -526283,25 +526284,25 @@ UBERON:0009653 trachea basement membrane - + - + - + true https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Inferring-part-of-relationships - + MA-modified @@ -526694,7 +526695,7 @@ - + EHDAA2:0004566 EMAPA:32911 MA:0003203 @@ -526705,14 +526706,14 @@ gut mesentery https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/509 - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -526734,7 +526735,7 @@ - + Ventral mesentery is the part of the peritoneum closest to the navel. degenerates during development except foregut portion EHDAA2:0004569 @@ -526744,14 +526745,14 @@ UBERON:0009668 ventral mesentery - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -526832,8 +526833,8 @@ - - + + @@ -526850,24 +526851,24 @@ UBERON:0009670 rectal lumen - + - + - + cjm - + EHDAA2 @@ -526890,7 +526891,7 @@ - + @@ -526904,14 +526905,14 @@ UBERON:0009671 nasal fin - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -526929,9 +526930,9 @@ - - - + + + The oronasal membrane separates the oral cavity and nasal cavity. split into two? In humans, the oronasal membrane ruptures during the seventh week, producing a single, large oronasal cavity @@ -526944,15 +526945,15 @@ UBERON:0009672 oronasal membrane - + - + - + @@ -526965,19 +526966,19 @@ - + EHDAA2 - + EHDAA2 - + posterior portion EHDAA2 @@ -527006,7 +527007,7 @@ - + @@ -527025,14 +527026,14 @@ Thus in contemporary discussions of the accessory nerve, the common practice is to dismiss the cranial part altogether, referring to the accessory nerve specifically as the spinal accessory nerve. accessory XI nerve cranial component - + - + MA @@ -527052,7 +527053,7 @@ - + @@ -527073,14 +527074,14 @@ UBERON:0009674 accessory XI nerve spinal component - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -527118,7 +527119,7 @@ - + The chorda tympani is a nerve that branches from the facial nerve (cranial nerve VII) inside the facial canal, just before the facial nerve exits the skull via the stylomastoid foramen. Chorda tympani is a branch of the facial nerve (the seventh cranial nerve) that serves the taste buds in the front of the tongue, runs through the middle ear, and carries taste messages to the brain. The chorda tympani is part of one of three cranial nerves that are involved in taste. The taste system involves a complicated feedback loop, with each nerve acting to inhibit the signals of other nerves. The chorda tympani appears to exert a particularly strong inhibitory influence on other taste nerves, as well as on pain fibers in the tongue. When the chorda tympani is damaged, its inhibitory function is disrupted, leading to less inhibited activity in the other nerves. EHDAA2:0000490 @@ -527143,14 +527144,14 @@ chorda tympani branch of facial nerve - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -527214,8 +527215,8 @@ - - + + EFO:0003562 EHDAA2:0001981 EHDAA:1993 @@ -527228,24 +527229,24 @@ early telencephalic vesicle - + - + - + EHDAA2 - + EHDAA2 @@ -527533,8 +527534,8 @@ - - + + The posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA), the largest branch of the vertebral, is one of the three main arterial blood supplies for the cerebellum. @@ -527550,24 +527551,24 @@ posterior inferior cerebellar artery - + - + - + FMA - + EHDAA2 @@ -527602,7 +527603,7 @@ - + A basilar artery branch that supplies the anterior portion of the inferior surface of the cerebellum. EHDAA2:0000587 @@ -527617,14 +527618,14 @@ anterior inferior cerebellar artery - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -527676,8 +527677,8 @@ - - + + An organ cavity that is part of a pharyngotympanic tube. Check relationships for conformance with AAO and XAO EHDAA2:0004118 @@ -527690,11 +527691,11 @@ UBERON:0009692 lumen of pharyngotympanic tube - + - + @@ -527707,13 +527708,13 @@ - + cjm - + EHDAA2/Kardong @@ -527756,13 +527757,13 @@ - + - - + + An epithelium that is part of a hypopharynx. EHDAA2:0004575 FMA:62454 @@ -527772,24 +527773,24 @@ UBERON:0009695 epithelium of laryngopharynx - + - + - + EHDAA2 - + EHDAA2 @@ -527828,14 +527829,14 @@ - + - + An epithelium that is part of a vermiform appendix. CALOHA:TS-2062 EHDAA2:0004561 @@ -527846,24 +527847,24 @@ UBERON:0009697 epithelium of appendix - + - + - + EHDAA2 - + EHDAA2 @@ -527893,9 +527894,9 @@ - - - + + + EHDAA2:0001371 uberon @@ -527905,15 +527906,15 @@ dorsal pancreas - + - + - + @@ -527926,19 +527927,19 @@ - + EHDAA2 - + EHDAA2 - + cjm @@ -527950,9 +527951,9 @@ - - - + + + EHDAA2:0001393 uberon @@ -527962,15 +527963,15 @@ ventral pancreas - + - + - + @@ -527983,19 +527984,19 @@ - + EHDAA2 - + EHDAA2 - + cjm @@ -528022,8 +528023,8 @@ - - + + Any endocardium that is part of the right ventricle of the heart. Endocardium of ventricle which is continuous tricuspid valve, pulmonary valve and with the tunica intima of the pulmonary trunk. EHDAA2:0002188 @@ -528040,24 +528041,24 @@ UBERON:0009712 endocardium of right ventricle - + - + - + EHDAA2 - + FMA @@ -528120,7 +528121,7 @@ - + Any endocardium that is part of the left ventricle of the heart. Endocardium of ventricle which is continuous with mitral valve, aortic valve, atrioventricular septum and the tunica intima of the aorta. EHDAA2:0002182 @@ -528136,14 +528137,14 @@ UBERON:0009713 endocardium of left ventricle - + - + FMA @@ -528189,8 +528190,8 @@ - - + + The primordial mass of tissue formed by the merging of the medial nasal prominences of the embryo; it contributes to the intermaxillary portion of the upper jaw, the prolabial portion of the upper lip, and the primary palate. requires verification. Note EHDAA2 has this as coming from both lateral and medial prominences. See also: median cleft lip EHDAA2:0000868 @@ -528204,11 +528205,11 @@ UBERON:0009714 intermaxillary process - + - + @@ -528221,14 +528222,14 @@ - + inconsistent EHDAA2 - + EHDAA2 @@ -528482,7 +528483,7 @@ - + @@ -528497,14 +528498,14 @@ UBERON:0009722 entire pharyngeal arch endoderm - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -529281,7 +529282,7 @@ - + EMAPA:35113 FMA:69086 MA:0001887 @@ -529292,14 +529293,14 @@ UBERON:0009753 adrenal gland cortex zone - + - + MA @@ -529618,7 +529619,7 @@ - + the left duct atrophies at metamorphosis in the lamprey (22)[PMID:20959416, S1] EHDAA2:0000304 FMA:70311 @@ -529628,7 +529629,7 @@ UBERON:0009769 left common cardinal vein - + @@ -529641,7 +529642,7 @@ - + EHDAA2 @@ -529833,7 +529834,7 @@ - + A nuclear complex of the medullary reticular formation that can be divided into three subnuclei: the parvocellular, magnocellular and the subtrigeminal[WP,modified]. BAMS:LMRt FMA:72573 @@ -529848,7 +529849,7 @@ The lateral reticular nucleus, of the funiculus, can be divided into three subnuclei, the parvocellular, magnocellular and the subtrigeminal. As is typical of the reticular formation, none of these are very distinct subnuclei, but rather blurred distinctions between cell types and location. The lateral reticular nucleus sends all of its projections to the cerebellum. The parvocellular portion of the LRN and the immediately adjacent magnocellular portion send most their projections to the vermis of the cerebellum. The rest of the magnocellular subnucleus sends its projections to the hemisphere regions of the cerebellum. The subtrigeminal nucleus sends its projections to the flocculonodular lobe. All of these efferent pathways are projected in an ipsilateral manner to the cerebellum, the most abundant of which are those to the vermis. This nucleus is also involved in the mediation of inspiration (in-breathing) with a part of the ventral r. nucleus. The afferent pathways to the LRN come from the spinal cord and higher brain structures. Most of the afferents come from the ipsilateral dorsal horn of the spinal cord and project exclusively to the parts of the LRN that do not receive input from the cortex. The spinal cord projections terminate mostly in the parvocellular region along with the adjacent magnocellular cells. This implies that most input from the spinal cord is relayed into the vermis[WP] lateral medullary reticular complex - + @@ -529861,7 +529862,7 @@ - + FMA @@ -529904,7 +529905,7 @@ - + https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&atid=440764&aid=3413098&group_id=36855 TAO:0000219 ZFA:0000219 @@ -529913,7 +529914,7 @@ UBERON:0009776 intermediate reticular formation - + @@ -529926,7 +529927,7 @@ - + GOC:pr brainspan.org @@ -530002,7 +530003,7 @@ - + @@ -530015,7 +530016,7 @@ - + A serous sac that has the pleura and the pleural cavity as parts. despite its name the class EHDAA2:0004737 is not a true cavity, it corresponds to what we call the sac EHDAA2:0004737 @@ -530026,24 +530027,24 @@ pleural sac - + - + - + FMA - + FMA-abduced-lr @@ -530235,8 +530236,8 @@ - - + + The frontal part of the cingulate cortex that resembles a collar form around the corpus callosum. It includes both the ventral and dorsal areas of the cingulate cortex. Wikipedia:File:Gray727.svg. BIRNLEX:936 @@ -530249,24 +530250,24 @@ anterior cingulate cortex http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/22/Gray727_anterior_cingulate_cortex.png - + - + - + BTO - + Wikipedia @@ -530353,14 +530354,14 @@ - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + Posterior portion of the rhombic lip contained within rhombomeres 2-8. Gives rise to several brainstem nuclei and choroid plexus. DHBA:10666 TAO:0001441 @@ -530372,84 +530373,84 @@ lower rhombic lip - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + ZFA - + ZFA - + ZFA - + ZFA - + ZFA - + ZFA - + ZFA - + ZFA @@ -530471,9 +530472,9 @@ - - - + + + Anterior-most region of dorsal hindbrain within rhombomere 1, adjacent the midbrain-hindbrain boundary. DHBA:10665 EHDAA2:0000229 @@ -530489,34 +530490,34 @@ upper rhombic lip - + - + - + - + ZFA - + ZFA - + ZFA-def @@ -530693,7 +530694,7 @@ - + @@ -530712,14 +530713,14 @@ UBERON:0009844 urogenital sinus lumen - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -530734,7 +530735,7 @@ - + @@ -530750,7 +530751,7 @@ UBERON:0009845 urogenital sinus mesenchyme - + @@ -530762,7 +530763,7 @@ - + PMID:18977204 @@ -530804,8 +530805,8 @@ - - + + An epithelium that is part of a embryonic cloaca. cloacal epithelium EHDAA2:0004585 @@ -530813,24 +530814,24 @@ UBERON:0009846 embryonic cloacal epithelium - + - + - + EHDAA2 - + EHDAA2 @@ -530866,8 +530867,8 @@ - - + + @@ -530880,24 +530881,24 @@ UBERON:0009847 prostate field - + - + - + PMID:18977204 - + PMID:18977204 @@ -530931,7 +530932,7 @@ - + @@ -530960,14 +530961,14 @@ UBERON:0009848 zona limitans intrathalamica - + - + ZFA @@ -531205,7 +531206,7 @@ - + @@ -531236,14 +531237,14 @@ body of uterus https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/uterus-female/v1.2/assets/3d-vh-f-uterus.glb - + - + FMA @@ -531493,8 +531494,8 @@ - - + + @@ -531511,24 +531512,24 @@ UBERON:0009858 outer fibrous layer of periosteum - + - + - + FMA - + Wikipedia @@ -531740,7 +531741,7 @@ - + @@ -531765,14 +531766,14 @@ UBERON:0009865 Hatschek's pit - + - + Wikipedia @@ -531794,21 +531795,21 @@ - + An unpaired kidney whose duct opens into the anterior pharynx. It can be seen as a deep ciliated fossa on the dorsal midline of the buccal cavity (mouth). Among other things, it secrets mucus which entraps food particles from the water[WP]. uberon UBERON:0009866 Hatschek's nephridium - + - + Wikipedia @@ -531830,19 +531831,19 @@ - + uberon UBERON:0009867 Hatschek's diverticulum - + - + Wikipedia @@ -532063,7 +532064,7 @@ - + @@ -532091,14 +532092,14 @@ UBERON:0009877 metapodium region - + - + PHENOSCAPE:ni @@ -532566,7 +532567,7 @@ - + EFO:0003704 TAO:0005041 @@ -532577,14 +532578,14 @@ anterior lateral plate mesoderm - + - + ZFA @@ -532664,7 +532665,7 @@ - + @@ -532694,7 +532695,7 @@ medullary ray - + @@ -532707,7 +532708,7 @@ - + MP @@ -532977,9 +532978,9 @@ - - - + + + @@ -532999,34 +533000,34 @@ UBERON:0009889 secondary heart field - + - + - + - + GO:0003129 - + PMID:17276708 - + PMID:17276708 @@ -533497,7 +533498,7 @@ - + EFO:0003705 TAO:0005042 ZFA:0005042 @@ -533507,7 +533508,7 @@ posterior lateral plate mesoderm - + @@ -533520,7 +533521,7 @@ - + ZFA @@ -533713,7 +533714,7 @@ - + @@ -533752,14 +533753,14 @@ Alternate definition: One of the subdivisions of the kidney, consisting of a medullary ray and that portion of the convoluted port (renal corpuscles and convoluted tubules) associated with its collecting duct. -http://www.mondofacto.com/facts/dictionary?lobulus+corticalis+renalis renal lobule - + - + FMA @@ -533914,7 +533915,7 @@ - + @@ -533940,14 +533941,14 @@ kidney corticomedullary boundary - + - + MP @@ -534051,14 +534052,14 @@ - + EHDAA2:0001315 EHDAA:1122 uberon UBERON:0009920 optic neural crest - + @@ -534071,7 +534072,7 @@ - + EHDAA2 @@ -534160,7 +534161,7 @@ - + The main olfactory bulb has a multi-layered cellular architecture. In order from surface to the center the layers are: Glomerular layer, External plexiform layer, Mitral cell layer, Internal plexiform layer, Granule cell layer[WP]. @@ -534175,14 +534176,14 @@ UBERON:0009951 main olfactory bulb - + - + cjm @@ -534236,7 +534237,7 @@ - + A narrow layer of cells located between the granule cell layer and hilus of the dentate gyrus, where adult neurogenesis occurs. SGZ EMAPA:35831 @@ -534250,14 +534251,14 @@ dentate gyrus subgranular zone https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/Doublecortin_expression-2.png - + - + granule cells Wikipedia @@ -534358,21 +534359,21 @@ - + A vertebrate nasal chemosensory system that is responsible for detecting intraspecific pheromonal cues as well as environmental odorants. check relationship to olfactory system. Evolution: The morphological components of the VNS are found only in tetrapods, but the genetic components of the system have been found in teleost fish, in addition to tetrapods. In tetrapods, the VNS was thought to be the olfactory system for detecting pheromones, while the main olfactory system detected general odorants (Scalia and Winans 1975). However, experimental evidence suggests that there is not such a clear functional distinction (Restrepo et al. 2004; Baxi, Dorries, and Eisthen 2006; Spehr et al. 2006; Kelliher 2007). Sea lampreys produce unique bile acids which act as pheromones both in migration and mate finding (Li, Sorensen, and Gallaher 1995; Li et al. 2002; Siefkes and Li 2004). However, bile acids in teleost fish are known to require components of the main olfactory signal transduction pathway (Hansen et al. 2003), and interruption of the VNS signal transduction pathway had no effect on bile acid olfactory response (Hansen et al. 2003)[Grus - EVOLUTION OF THE VOMERONASAL SYSTEM VIEWED THROUGH SYSTEM-SPECIFIC GENES] uberon UBERON:0009954 vomeronasal system - + - + Wikipedia @@ -534487,21 +534488,21 @@ - + A specialised sensory organ located in the subepidermal connective tissue at the rostral end of late larval and adult amphioxus. They consist of between 1 and 4 nerve cells with axons, each with 2 cilia, surrounded by up to 7 sheath cells. The cilia extend into a protrusion of the basal lamina which surrounds each corpuscle. The axonal process contributes to the rostral nerve. organ of de Quatrefage uberon UBERON:0009956 corpuscle of de Quatrefage - + - + PMID:11523831 @@ -534517,21 +534518,21 @@ - + uberon pre-oral pit UBERON:0009957 Development: joins with Hatschek's diverticulum to form Hatschek's pit in the adult. Location: anterior to the mouth. ciliated pit - + - + Wikipedia @@ -534540,10 +534541,10 @@ - + - - + + @@ -534563,7 +534564,7 @@ UBERON:0009958 bladder lumen - + @@ -534572,30 +534573,30 @@ - + - + - + FMA - + FMA - + EHDAA2 @@ -534658,7 +534659,7 @@ - + @@ -534674,14 +534675,14 @@ UBERON:0009959 lumen of oropharynx - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -534721,7 +534722,7 @@ - + A circular muscle layer of muscular coat that is part of a esophagus. EMAPA:37523 FMA:67605 @@ -534733,14 +534734,14 @@ UBERON:0009960 esophagus smooth muscle circular layer - + - + MA @@ -534781,7 +534782,7 @@ - + EMAPA:37524 FMA:63573 MA:0001575 @@ -534792,14 +534793,14 @@ UBERON:0009961 esophagus smooth muscle longitudinal layer - + - + MA @@ -534975,7 +534976,7 @@ - + A conducting pathway in the conducting tissue of heart through which electrical activity spreads from the SA node to the AV node. include 3 subtypes? evidence is sparse [http://www.gpnotebook.co.uk/simplepage.cfm?ID=-483065798] There is some functional evidence for the existence of specialized conducting pathways within the atria (termed internodal tracts), although this is controversial @@ -534988,7 +534989,7 @@ UBERON:0009966 internodal tract - + @@ -535001,7 +535002,7 @@ - + FMA @@ -535036,7 +535037,7 @@ - + EMAPA:37751 FMA:62815 @@ -535053,7 +535054,7 @@ spleen venous sinus - + @@ -535066,7 +535067,7 @@ - + MA @@ -535115,8 +535116,8 @@ - - + + consider merging into developed structure EHDAA2:0001527 EHDAA:9876 @@ -535125,11 +535126,11 @@ UBERON:0009968 primitive superior sagittal sinus - + - + @@ -535142,13 +535143,13 @@ - + EHDAA2 - + EHDAA2 @@ -535343,7 +535344,7 @@ - + @@ -535375,14 +535376,14 @@ ureteropelvic junction - + - + MP @@ -535426,7 +535427,7 @@ - + @@ -535459,14 +535460,14 @@ ureterovesical junction - + - + MP @@ -535512,7 +535513,7 @@ - + @@ -535527,7 +535528,7 @@ UBERON:0009974 lumen of Rathke's pouch - + @@ -535540,7 +535541,7 @@ - + EHDAA2-modified @@ -536057,7 +536058,7 @@ - + The lateral epicondyle of the femur, smaller and less prominent than the medial epicondyle, gives attachment to the fibular collateral ligament of the knee-joint. Directly below it is a small depression from which a smooth well-marked groove curves obliquely upward and backward to the posterior extremity of the condyle. @@ -536075,7 +536076,7 @@ lateral epicondyle of femur http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/53/Gray246.png - + @@ -536088,7 +536089,7 @@ - + FMA @@ -536139,7 +536140,7 @@ - + The medial epicondyle of the femur is a bony protrusion located on the medial side of the bone's distal end. Located above the medial condyle, it bears an elevation, the adductor tubercle, which serves for the attachment of the superficial part, or 'tendinous insertion', of the adductor magnus. This tendinous part here forms an intermuscular septum which forms the medial separation between the thigh's flexors and extensors. Behind it, and proximally to the medial condyle is a rough impression which gives origin to the medial head of the Gastrocnemius. FMA:32864 @@ -536155,7 +536156,7 @@ medial epicondyle of femur http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e0/Gray345.png - + @@ -536168,7 +536169,7 @@ - + FMA @@ -536773,7 +536774,7 @@ - + @@ -536788,14 +536789,14 @@ placental labyrinth villous - + - + MP @@ -536818,7 +536819,7 @@ - + @@ -536831,14 +536832,14 @@ placenta intervillous maternal lacunae - + - + MP @@ -536855,7 +536856,7 @@ - + @@ -536868,14 +536869,14 @@ placenta fetal blood space - + - + MP @@ -536993,7 +536994,7 @@ - + A group of neurons in the basal forebrain that has wide projections to the neocortex and is rich in acetylcholine and choline acetyltransferase. It undergoes degeneration in paralysis agitans and Alzheimer's disease. rich in acetylcholine and choline acetyltransferase MA has basal nucleus as synonym for BG. @@ -537036,14 +537037,14 @@ basal nucleus of telencephalon http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/36/Substantia_innominata_MRI.PNG - + - + WP @@ -537201,14 +537202,14 @@ - + - + Subcortical masses of gray matter in the forebrain and midbrain that are richly interconnected and so viewed as a functional system. The nuclei usually included are the caudate nucleus (caudoputamen in rodents), putamen, globus pallidus, substantia nigra (pars compacta and pars reticulata) and the subthalamic nucleus. Some also include the nucleus accumbens and ventral pallidum. it is necessary to introduce two classes, one representing an individual basal ganglion, another representing the aggregate structure, in order to have consistent classification amongst AOs (e.g. in MA the aygdala is part of the BG, in FMA and BTO it is a subclass). Apart from achieving this consistency, the value of having two distinct classes is questionable, since the BG-plural is trivially the collection of all BGs-singular. it would be better for all AOs to decide on one single way of doing this. Do not merge until this is done. @@ -537243,11 +537244,11 @@ collection of basal ganglia - + - + @@ -537260,13 +537261,13 @@ - + FMA - + MA NIF @@ -537419,14 +537420,14 @@ - + - + An elongate paired tissue ventral to the kidneys and partialy enveloping the anterior gonads in Elasmobranchii. Apparently important to the immune system. subgonal organ @@ -537434,24 +537435,24 @@ UBERON:0010014 epigonal organ - + - + - + Wikipedia - + Honma1983 @@ -537615,8 +537616,8 @@ - - + + The spiral valve alternately blocks & unblocks the entrances to the left and right pulmonary arches (sending unoxygenated blood to the skin & lungs). The spiral valve is considered to have evolved from the right member of the four embryonic endocardial ridges (Goodrich, 1930 - via Morris 1974) @@ -537627,11 +537628,11 @@ UBERON:0010018 spiral valve of conus arteriosus - + - + @@ -537644,13 +537645,13 @@ - + AAO - + NAS @@ -537739,7 +537740,7 @@ - + The dorsal portion of the embryonic first endodermal pharyngeal pouch; it develops into the middle ear cavity. The tympanic cavity and auditory tube of an amniote develop from the first embryonic pharyngeal pouch, so they are homologous to the first gill pouch, or spiracle, of a fish. We are uncertain whether this homology strictly applies to the middle ear cavity and auditory tube of lissamphibians, which show certain peculiarities in their development.[well established][VHOG] EHDAA2:0004115 @@ -537755,7 +537756,7 @@ UBERON:0010020 tubotympanic recess epithelium - + @@ -537768,7 +537769,7 @@ - + EHDAA2 ISBN:0073040584 PMID:11237469 @@ -537930,7 +537931,7 @@ - + Derivatives of the dorsal wings include the inferior parathyroid glands[WP] in mammals, the cranial dorsal aspect of the third pouch generates the inferior parathyroids (or parathyroid III) EHDAA2:0000409 EMAPA:16758 @@ -537945,14 +537946,14 @@ UBERON:0010025 dorsal part of pharyngeal pouch 3 - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -537981,7 +537982,7 @@ - + The ventral wings fuse to form the cytoreticular cells of the thymus[WP] the caudal ventral part of the pouch gives rise to the thymus epithelium EHDAA2:0002173 EMAPA:16759 @@ -537996,14 +537997,14 @@ UBERON:0010026 ventral part of pharyngeal pouch 3 - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -538159,7 +538160,7 @@ - + @@ -538196,7 +538197,7 @@ anterior part of tongue https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Illu04_tongue.jpg - + @@ -538212,7 +538213,7 @@ - + ISBN:1607950324 @@ -538307,8 +538308,8 @@ - - + + The Posterior tongue, or pharyngeal part, is the part of the tongue behind the terminal sulcus. At its root, it is directed backward, and connected with the hyoid bone by the Hyoglossi and Genioglossi muscles and the hyoglossal membrane; with the epiglottis by three folds (glossoepiglottic) of mucous membrane; with the soft palate by the glossopalatine arches; and with the pharynx by the Constrictores pharyngis superiores and the mucous membrane. It is derived primarily from the third pharyngeal arch. (The second arch has a substantial contribution during fetal development, but this later atrophies. The fourth arch may also contribute, depending upon how the boundaries of the tongue are defined.). EMAPA:37438 FMA:54645 @@ -538336,24 +538337,24 @@ posterior part of tongue https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Illu04_tongue.jpg - + - + - + FMA - + Wikipedia @@ -538468,7 +538469,7 @@ - + @@ -538487,7 +538488,7 @@ copula linguae http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/85/Gray980.png - + @@ -538500,7 +538501,7 @@ - + EHDAA2 @@ -538530,7 +538531,7 @@ - + A group of cells located ventral to the decussation of the superior cerebellar peduncle in the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ) and rat ( Swanson-1998 ). BAMS:AT BAMS:ATg @@ -538543,7 +538544,7 @@ UBERON:0010036 anterior tegmental nucleus - + @@ -538556,7 +538557,7 @@ - + NN @@ -538596,8 +538597,8 @@ - - + + The fundus glands (or fundic glands, or gastric glands) are found in the body and fundus of the stomach. They are simple tubes, two or more of which open into a single duct. Consider FMA:14923 ! Principal gland of fundus of stomach. Added part_of to mucosa to be consistent with FMA pattern (note that Kardong places this in the glandular epithelium) EMAPA:27161 @@ -538616,24 +538617,24 @@ fundic gastric gland http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d7/Fundic_gland_polyp_%281%29.jpg - + - + - + ISBN:0073040584 - + ISBN:0073040584 @@ -538858,8 +538859,8 @@ - - + + The sum total of mesenchymal tissue in the pharyngeal arch region. Pharyngeal mesenchyme is undifferentiated, loose connective tissue derived mostly from mesoderm, and also contains ectodermally derived neural crest cells. EHDAA2:0001459 EMAPA:16550 @@ -538871,11 +538872,11 @@ UBERON:0010046 entire pharyngeal arch associated mesenchyme - + - + @@ -538888,13 +538889,13 @@ - + EHDAA2 - + cjm @@ -538984,7 +538985,7 @@ - + A gland situated on the upper lip posterior to the eye, found in non-venomous snakes. Releases secretion via duct adjacent to posterior maxillary teeth. Wikipedia:Duvernoy's_gland uberon @@ -538992,14 +538993,14 @@ positioned posterior to the eye, encased in a thin cover of connective tissue, and consists mostly of serous cells. A single, short duct extends anteromedially from the lumen of the gland to the base of the posterior fangs.[WP] Duvernoy's gland - + - + Wikipedia @@ -539313,7 +539314,7 @@ - + EHDAA2:0000799 EMAPA:17352 SCTID:361420009 @@ -539322,7 +539323,7 @@ UBERON:0010057 hypopharyngeal eminence - + @@ -539335,7 +539336,7 @@ - + EHDAA2 @@ -539352,13 +539353,13 @@ - + EHDAA2:0004610 uberon UBERON:0010059 hypoglossal cord - + @@ -539371,7 +539372,7 @@ - + EHDAA2 @@ -539544,8 +539545,8 @@ - - + + EHDAA2:0004117 EMAPA:32801 FMA:285217 @@ -539556,11 +539557,11 @@ UBERON:0010062 pharyngotympanic tube epithelium - + - + @@ -539573,13 +539574,13 @@ - + cjm - + EHDAA2 @@ -539609,13 +539610,13 @@ - + EHDAA2:0004116 uberon UBERON:0010063 tympanic cavity epithelium - + @@ -539628,7 +539629,7 @@ - + EHDAA2 @@ -539655,7 +539656,7 @@ - + An anatomical space with at least one opening to another space or the exterior. AEO:0000221 EHDAA2:0004616 @@ -539663,14 +539664,14 @@ UBERON:0010064 open anatomical space - + - + cjm @@ -539689,13 +539690,13 @@ - + EHDAA2:0004114 uberon UBERON:0010065 auditory meatus epithelium - + @@ -539708,7 +539709,7 @@ - + EHDAA2 PMID:16313389 @@ -539987,7 +539988,7 @@ - + @@ -540004,14 +540005,14 @@ UBERON:0010074 chromaffin system - + - + cjm @@ -540152,7 +540153,7 @@ - + Consider merging with capillary layer. Consider choriocapillaris complex A plexus of capillaries that is located anteromedial to the eye. It is a capillary layer in the choroid. It is in contact with the basal surface of the retinal pigmented epithelium and supplies the photoreceptors with oxygen and nutrients. The fused basement membrane of this capillary layer and the pigmented epithelium is called Bruchs's membrane.[XAO:0004176]. Is an ocular vasculature that develops adjacent to the pigment epithelium of the eye. The optic choroid vascular plexus develops from the primitive mesencephalic artery. Initially blood enters from the mesencephalic central artery, and the dorsal ciliary vein. The plexus drains via the ophthalmic vein. The plexus supplies blood to the retina[ZFA:0005094]. @@ -540171,7 +540172,7 @@ UBERON:0010078 optic choroid vascular plexus - + @@ -540190,7 +540191,7 @@ - + ZFA @@ -540321,9 +540322,9 @@ - - - + + + @@ -540337,34 +540338,34 @@ UBERON:0010083 future dermis - + - + - + - + EHDAA2 - + EHDAA2 - + XAO @@ -540391,9 +540392,9 @@ - - - + + + @@ -540406,34 +540407,34 @@ UBERON:0010084 future diaphragm - + - + - + - + EHDAA2 - + PMID:23586979 - + PMID:23586979 @@ -540845,7 +540846,7 @@ - + @@ -540865,14 +540866,14 @@ UBERON:0010128 future pterygopalatine ganglion - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -540952,7 +540953,7 @@ - + @@ -540973,14 +540974,14 @@ UBERON:0010129 femur cartilage element - + - + EMAPA @@ -541081,8 +541082,8 @@ - - + + A small blood vessel in the abdomen that supplies blood directly to the pylorus (distal part of the stomach) and proximal part of the duodenum, and indirectly to the pancreatic head (via the anterior and posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal arteries). EHDAA2:0000310 @@ -541098,24 +541099,24 @@ gastroduodenal artery http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Gray532.png - + - + - + EHDAA2 - + FMA @@ -541367,7 +541368,7 @@ - + @@ -541376,7 +541377,7 @@ - + A sex cord that is part of a indifferent gonad. note that this represents the indifferent structure. EHDAA2:0004051 @@ -541386,7 +541387,7 @@ UBERON:0010141 primitive sex cord of indifferent gonad - + @@ -541395,20 +541396,20 @@ - + - + EHDAA2 - + EHDAA2 @@ -541531,8 +541532,8 @@ - - + + The numerous mucous-secreting glands found in several female mammalian species (including rodents and humans) on the anterior wall of the vagina, around the lower end of the urethra, and possessing a common paraurethral duct which opens (on each side) near the external urethral orifice; they are homologous with the prostate gland in males, have highly variable anatomy, and are believed to be the source of the female ejaculate, a lubricating fluid with a similar consistency to male prostatic fluid that is expelled through the urethra during sexual stimulation; like the male prostate, these glands are susceptible to infection (skenitis), cyst development, and cancer. in MP female urethral gland, Skene gland and paraurethral gland are exact syns. Note that NCITA seems to use the term in a more generic way, as a parent for skene gland, cowper gland (which may be the same as the male bulbo-urethral gland) female urethral gland @@ -541562,24 +541563,24 @@ paraurethral gland https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b8/Skenes_gland.jpg - + - + - + FMA - + PMID:10668204 @@ -541718,7 +541719,7 @@ - + The Skene's ducts are a pair of ducts leading from the Skene's glands to the surface of the vulva, to the left and right of the urethral opening. FMA has two classes that may be equivalent here UBERON:0035064 @@ -541738,14 +541739,14 @@ paraurethral duct https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b8/Skenes_gland.jpg - + - + PMID:10668204 @@ -542112,7 +542113,7 @@ - + The inner mucosa of the fourth stomach chamber of a ruminant produces rennet. BTO:0001168 Wikipedia:Rennet @@ -542123,14 +542124,14 @@ UBERON:0010154 inner lining mucosa of the abomasum - + - + BTO @@ -542591,7 +542592,7 @@ - + @@ -542609,14 +542610,14 @@ post-anal tail tip - + - + MA @@ -543097,7 +543098,7 @@ - + @@ -543121,14 +543122,14 @@ bulb of aorta - + - + FMA @@ -543194,7 +543195,7 @@ - + @@ -543209,14 +543210,14 @@ sinotubular junction - + - + MP @@ -543778,7 +543779,7 @@ - + @@ -543795,7 +543796,7 @@ pair of dorsal aortae - + @@ -543808,7 +543809,7 @@ - + EHDAA2 @@ -543831,7 +543832,7 @@ - + @@ -543843,14 +543844,14 @@ UBERON:0010191 aortic system - + - + Wikipedia @@ -543899,7 +543900,7 @@ - + A portal vein that empties into capillaries within the kidneys. function not well understood. TAO:0000577 @@ -543909,7 +543910,7 @@ UBERON:0010193 renal portal vein - + @@ -543922,7 +543923,7 @@ - + ZFA @@ -544052,7 +544053,7 @@ - + The initial part of the entire common carotid artery ending with the point where the artery bifurcates into an external carotid artery and an internal carotid artery. EHDAA2:0000306 FMA:69323 @@ -544062,14 +544063,14 @@ UBERON:0010197 trunk of common carotid artery - + - + FMA @@ -544181,7 +544182,7 @@ - + @@ -544199,7 +544200,7 @@ UBERON:0010202 lateral line - + @@ -544212,7 +544213,7 @@ - + ZFA @@ -544449,8 +544450,8 @@ - - + + The plica semilunaris is a small fold of bulbar conjunctiva on the medial canthus of the eye. It is loose, so that eye movements are not restricted. It is the vestigial remnant of the nictitating membrane FMA:59045 @@ -544465,11 +544466,11 @@ plica semilunaris of conjunctiva http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/Gray1205.png - + - + @@ -544482,13 +544483,13 @@ - + FMA - + Wikipedia @@ -544564,7 +544565,7 @@ - + @@ -544584,14 +544585,14 @@ UBERON:0010210 blood clot - + - + BTO @@ -544677,7 +544678,7 @@ - + @@ -544699,14 +544700,14 @@ UBERON:0010212 laryngeal apparatus - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -544729,30 +544730,30 @@ - - + + uberon UBERON:0010213 laryngeal pre-cartilage condensation - + - + - + EHDAA2-abstracted - + EHDAA2-abstracted @@ -544775,8 +544776,8 @@ - - + + Paired primordial elevations, on either side of the embryonic larynx, within which the arytenoid cartilages are formed. EHDAA2 and EMAPA appear to be inconsistent EHDAA2:0000146 @@ -544784,11 +544785,11 @@ UBERON:0010215 arytenoid swellings - + - + @@ -544801,13 +544802,13 @@ - + EHDAA2 - + EHDAA2 @@ -544841,7 +544842,7 @@ - + EHDAA2:0000144 EMAPA:17387 VHOG:0000998 @@ -544850,14 +544851,14 @@ UBERON:0010220 arytenoid pre-cartilage condensation - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -544874,35 +544875,35 @@ - + - - - + + + EHDAA2:0004085 uberon UBERON:0010221 Many sources say: thyroid cartilage from arch 4 other laryngeal cartilage (cricoid/arytenoid) from 6? laryngeal associated mesenchyme - + - + - + - + @@ -544915,25 +544916,25 @@ - + EHDAA2 - + Wikipedia - + Wikipedia - + Wikipedia @@ -545113,7 +545114,7 @@ - + @@ -545131,14 +545132,14 @@ UBERON:0010227 future cardiac atrium - + - + ZFA @@ -545281,7 +545282,7 @@ - + @@ -545306,14 +545307,14 @@ eyeball of camera-type eye - + - + FMA @@ -545464,11 +545465,11 @@ - - - - - + + + + + The palatopharyngeus or palatopharyngeal or pharyngopalatinus muscle is a long, fleshy fasciculus, narrower in the middle than at either end, forming, with the mucous membrane covering its surface, the palatopharyngeal arch. Palatopharyngeus is a muscle that attaches to the palatine bones, soft palate, and pharynx and is innervated by Cranial Nerve X via the pharyngeal plexus.[FEED] @@ -545487,23 +545488,23 @@ palatopharyngeus muscle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1b/Musculuspalatopharyngeus.png - + - + - + - + - + @@ -545522,34 +545523,34 @@ - + FMA-abduced-lr - + vagus nerve and cranial accessory nerve dbpedia - + vagus nerve and cranial accessory nerve dbpedia - + palatine aponeurosis and hard palate dbpedia - + Upper border of thyroid cartilage dbpedia @@ -545610,8 +545611,8 @@ - - + + @@ -545640,11 +545641,11 @@ uvular muscle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b7/Gray169.png - + - + @@ -545657,13 +545658,13 @@ - + dbpedia - + dbpedia @@ -545768,7 +545769,7 @@ - + A variant of the ascending colon in ruminants and pigs. Consider merging with ascending colon @@ -545781,14 +545782,14 @@ UBERON:0010239 spiral colon - + - + Wikipedia @@ -546107,7 +546108,7 @@ - + A choroid tapetum lucidum that is made of a palisade of cells containing stacks of flat hexagonal crystals of guanine. @@ -546119,14 +546120,14 @@ UBERON:0010246 choroidal guanine tapetum - + - + doi:10.1017/S0025315400024760 @@ -546345,7 +546346,7 @@ - + The middle meningeal artery is typically the third branch of the first part (retromandibular part) of the maxillary artery; one of the two terminal branches of the external carotid artery. After branching off the maxillary artery in the infratemporal fossa, it runs through the foramen spinosum to supply the dura mater and the calvaria. The middle meningeal artery is the largest of the three (paired) arteries which supply the meninges, the others being the anterior meningeal artery and the posterior meningeal artery. In approximately half of subjects it branches into an accessory meningeal artery. The middle meningeal artery runs beneath the pterion. It is vulnerable to injury at this point, where the skull is thin. Rupture of the artery may give rise to an epidural hematoma. FMA:49711 @@ -546358,14 +546359,14 @@ middle meningeal artery http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/Middle_meningeal_artery.png - + - + FMA @@ -546388,7 +546389,7 @@ - + A meningeal branch to the dura mater arising from the anterior ethmoidal artery. this needs checking as part of a general revision of the blood vessels and their branches - unclear if the anterior meningeal artery should be treated separately from the anterior ethmoidal artery (ie as a branch) or the same thing @@ -546411,14 +546412,14 @@ anterior meningeal artery http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ce/Gray514.png - + - + Wikipedia @@ -546495,7 +546496,7 @@ - + @@ -546505,8 +546506,8 @@ - - + + @@ -546519,11 +546520,11 @@ UBERON:0010252 1st arch mandibular mesenchyme from neural crest - + - + @@ -546536,13 +546537,13 @@ - + EHDAA2 - + EHDAA2 @@ -546561,7 +546562,7 @@ - + @@ -546571,32 +546572,32 @@ - - + + Mesenchyme that develops_from a neural crest and is part of a 1st arch maxillary mesenchyme. EHDAA2:0000044 uberon UBERON:0010253 1st arch maxillary mesenchyme from neural crest - + - + - + EHDAA2 - + EHDAA2 @@ -546615,7 +546616,7 @@ - + @@ -546626,8 +546627,8 @@ - - + + @@ -546644,24 +546645,24 @@ UBERON:0010254 2nd arch mesenchyme from neural crest - + - + - + EHDAA2 - + EHDAA2 @@ -546680,7 +546681,7 @@ - + @@ -546691,7 +546692,7 @@ - + Mesenchyme that develops_from a neural crest and is part of a 3rd arch mesenchyme. In all vertebrates, the pharyngeal apparatus develops from a series of bulges found on the lateral surface of the head, the pharyngeal arches, which consist of a number of different embryonic cell types. Each arch has an external covering of ectoderm and inner covering of endoderm, and between these a mesenchymal filling of neural crest with a central core of mesoderm.[well established][VHOG] EHDAA2:0000083 @@ -546706,14 +546707,14 @@ UBERON:0010255 3rd arch mesenchyme from neural crest - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -546754,7 +546755,7 @@ - + @@ -546765,8 +546766,8 @@ - - + + Mesenchyme that develops_from a neural crest and is part of a 4th arch mesenchyme. In all vertebrates, the pharyngeal apparatus develops from a series of bulges found on the lateral surface of the head, the pharyngeal arches, which consist of a number of different embryonic cell types. Each arch has an external covering of ectoderm and inner covering of endoderm, and between these a mesenchymal filling of neural crest with a central core of mesoderm.[well established][VHOG] EHDAA2:0000098 @@ -546781,24 +546782,24 @@ UBERON:0010256 4th arch mesenchyme from neural crest - + - + - + EHDAA2 - + EHDAA2 @@ -546839,7 +546840,7 @@ - + @@ -546850,8 +546851,8 @@ - - + + Mesenchyme that develops_from a neural crest and is part of a 6th arch mesenchyme. EHDAA2:0004077 neural crest derived arch 6 mesenchyme @@ -546861,24 +546862,24 @@ UBERON:0010257 6th arch mesenchyme from neural crest - + - + - + EHDAA2 - + EHDAA2 @@ -546905,7 +546906,7 @@ - + @@ -546918,14 +546919,14 @@ UBERON:0010258 mesenchyme from rhombencephalic neural crest - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -547112,7 +547113,7 @@ - + @@ -547129,7 +547130,7 @@ UBERON:0010264 hepatopancreas - + @@ -547142,7 +547143,7 @@ - + BTO @@ -547185,7 +547186,7 @@ - + @@ -547200,14 +547201,14 @@ UBERON:0010266 arthropod hepatopancreas - + - + PMID:18025161 @@ -547266,7 +547267,7 @@ - + FMA:256524 SCTID:315673007 internal part of filum terminale @@ -547274,14 +547275,14 @@ UBERON:0010269 filum terminale internum - + - + FMA @@ -547298,7 +547299,7 @@ - + FMA:256526 SCTID:315573001 external part of filum terminale @@ -547306,14 +547307,14 @@ UBERON:0010270 filum terminale externum - + - + FMA @@ -547379,7 +547380,7 @@ - + A group of bones comprised of hyoid body and two pairs of cornua (i.e. greater cornua and lesser cornua), and lies just below the tongue, above the thyroid cartilage. Apparatus located in the floor of the mouth, under the mandibular arcade. The apparatus consists of a central corpus and four pairs of processes. This apparatus serves as the site of insertion for a variety of muscles associated with movements of the tongue and as the origin of the m. hyoglossus.[AAO] relationship loss: part_of hyolaryngeal complex (AAO:0000226)[AAO] @@ -547398,14 +547399,14 @@ UBERON:0010272 hyoid apparatus - + - + AAO @@ -547562,7 +547563,7 @@ - + @@ -547579,14 +547580,14 @@ mesocardium - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -547608,8 +547609,8 @@ - - + + There are two Pericardial sinuses: transverse and oblique. The cul-de-sac enclosed between the limbs of the inverted U of the venous mesocardium lies behind the left atrium and is known as the oblique sinus. The passage between the venous and arterial mesocardiabi.e. , between the aorta and pulmonary artery in front and the superior vena cava behindbis termed the transverse sinus. Also, the sinus that forms in the pericardial cavity where the dorso-mesentary pericardium reside. Can be used to pass ligature during cardiac surgery. SCTID:314273005 Wikipedia:Pericardial_sinus @@ -547624,24 +547625,24 @@ pericardial sinus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7e/Gray489.png - + - + - + FMA-abduced - + MA-abduced @@ -547780,8 +547781,8 @@ - - + + Portion of tissue that is dorsolateral to the floor plate and part of the midbrain. DHBA:12322 EFO:0003567 @@ -547795,11 +547796,11 @@ midbrain basal plate - + - + @@ -547812,13 +547813,13 @@ - + EHDAA2 - + ZFA @@ -547847,7 +547848,7 @@ - + Portion of neural tube that gives rise to the midbrain. we follow ZFA in temporally dividing midbrain NT from presumptive midbrain, but in future this may be collapsed TAO:0007039 @@ -547856,14 +547857,14 @@ UBERON:0010286 midbrain neural tube - + - + ZFA @@ -547879,7 +547880,7 @@ - + DHBA:12863 FMA:53419 SCTID:280191009 @@ -547890,7 +547891,7 @@ UBERON:0010287 motor root of facial nerve - + @@ -547903,7 +547904,7 @@ - + Wikipedia @@ -547938,7 +547939,7 @@ - + Circular cartilage ringing the posterior portion of the eye in the sclera. Supports the eye. consider distinguishing cup from predecessor of ossicle. Hall: The scleral cartilaginous cup is a distinctly sepa- rate element composed of hyaline cartilage relationship to sclera - overlaps? @@ -547955,7 +547956,7 @@ UBERON:0010289 scleral cartilage - + @@ -547968,7 +547969,7 @@ - + cjm @@ -548025,7 +548026,7 @@ - + A bony plate around the eyes, are situated at the corneal-scleral limbus. They do not articulate with other elements of the skull. Typically, the scleral ossicles overlap the rim of a cup of scleral cartilage that supports the eyeball. Situated near the equator of the eye and may slightly overlap the rim of scleral cartilage. @@ -548039,14 +548040,14 @@ UBERON:0010290 scleral ossicle - + - + ZFA @@ -548087,20 +548088,20 @@ - + Wikipedia:Sclera#Histology uberon UBERON:0010291 layer of sclera - + - + cjm @@ -548384,21 +548385,21 @@ - + An eye adnexal structure, but not necessarily part of the eyeball uberon UBERON:0010296 scleral skeletal element - + - + PMID:17051547 @@ -548416,8 +548417,8 @@ - - + + A pair of small dish-shaped bones that cap the anterior and posterior margin of the eyeball.[TAO] The scleral ossicles [of teleosts] are reported to form indirectly by endochondral (Hall and Miyake, 1992) or by perichondral ossification (Patterson, 1977) from a cartilage element that is also present in the sclera. This is unlike the scleral ossicles of reptiles, which develop directly from ectomesenchyme (i.e., intramembranous ossification) and independently from the scleral cartilage @@ -548428,11 +548429,11 @@ UBERON:0010297 endochondral scleral ossicle - + - + @@ -548445,13 +548446,13 @@ - + ZFA - + ZFA @@ -548491,7 +548492,7 @@ - + The scleral ossicles [in reptiles] uberon @@ -548499,7 +548500,7 @@ are of dermal (neural crest) origin, develop intramembranously within the scleral mesenchyme, and are induced to form by overlying (transient) epithelial scleral papillae (Nelson, 1942; Murray, 1943; Fyfe and Hall, 1981, 1983; Hall, 1981, 2005; Pinto and Hall, 1991) intramembranous scleral ossicle - + @@ -548512,7 +548513,7 @@ - + PMID:16496288 @@ -548585,7 +548586,7 @@ - + A single extraembryonic epithelium, which closes the germband dorsally. May be obsoleted once added to insect ontology. Coordinate with cell type in CL BTO:0004800 @@ -548597,7 +548598,7 @@ amnioserosa - + @@ -548610,7 +548611,7 @@ - + Cyclorrhapha DOI:10.1073/pnas.0709145105 @@ -549090,7 +549091,7 @@ - + @@ -549106,14 +549107,14 @@ UBERON:0010312 immature eye - + - + definitional @@ -549413,21 +549414,21 @@ - + Permanent cartilage structure projecting from the site of origin of the recti muscles. Supports eyeball and aids rotation. uberon eye stalk UBERON:0010326 optic pedicel - + - + PMID:16496288 @@ -549507,20 +549508,20 @@ - + Mesenchyme that is part of a limb/fin bud. uberon UBERON:0010329 paired limb/fin bud mesenchyme - + - + EHDAA2-abduced @@ -549591,7 +549592,7 @@ - + An epithelium that is part of a handplate. EHDAA2:0000730 EMAPA:32630 @@ -549600,7 +549601,7 @@ UBERON:0010332 epithelium of handplate - + @@ -549613,7 +549614,7 @@ - + EHDAA2 @@ -549654,20 +549655,20 @@ - + Mesenchyme that is part of a extraembryonic membrane. uberon UBERON:0010333 extraembryonic membrane mesenchyme - + - + EHDAA2-abduced @@ -549686,7 +549687,7 @@ - + @@ -549696,32 +549697,32 @@ - - + + Mesenchyme that develops_from a neural crest and is part of a maxillary process mesenchyme. EHDAA2:0004601 uberon UBERON:0010334 maxillary process mesenchyme from neural crest - + - + - + EHDAA2 - + EHDAA2 @@ -549740,7 +549741,7 @@ - + @@ -549750,32 +549751,32 @@ - - + + Mesenchyme that develops_from a head mesenchyme from mesoderm and is part of a maxillary process mesenchyme. EHDAA2:0004602 uberon UBERON:0010335 maxillary process mesenchyme from head mesenchyme - + - + - + EHDAA2 - + EHDAA2 @@ -549794,7 +549795,7 @@ - + @@ -549804,32 +549805,32 @@ - - + + Mesenchyme that develops_from a neural crest and is part of a mandibular process mesenchyme. EHDAA2:0004603 uberon UBERON:0010336 mandibular process mesenchyme from neural crest - + - + - + EHDAA2 - + EHDAA2 @@ -549848,7 +549849,7 @@ - + @@ -549858,32 +549859,32 @@ - - + + Mesenchyme that develops_from a head mesenchyme from mesoderm and is part of a mandibular process mesenchyme. EHDAA2:0004604 uberon UBERON:0010337 mandibular process mesenchyme from head mesenchyme - + - + - + EHDAA2 - + EHDAA2 @@ -549902,7 +549903,7 @@ - + @@ -549912,21 +549913,21 @@ - + Mesenchyme that develops_from a head mesenchyme from mesoderm and is part of a 1st arch maxillary mesenchyme. EHDAA2:0000043 uberon UBERON:0010338 1st arch maxillary mesenchyme from head mesenchyme - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -549945,7 +549946,7 @@ - + @@ -549955,21 +549956,21 @@ - + Mesenchyme that develops_from a head mesenchyme from mesoderm and is part of a 1st arch mandibular mesenchyme. EHDAA2:0000036 uberon UBERON:0010339 1st arch mandibular mesenchyme from head mesenchyme - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -549988,7 +549989,7 @@ - + @@ -549999,7 +550000,7 @@ - + Mesenchyme that develops_from a head mesenchyme from mesoderm and is part of a 1st arch mesenchyme. EMAPA:16130 mesenchyme derived from head mesoderm of mesenchyme of 1st arch @@ -550007,14 +550008,14 @@ UBERON:0010341 1st arch mesenchyme from head mesenchyme - + - + EMAPA @@ -550039,7 +550040,7 @@ - + @@ -550050,7 +550051,7 @@ - + Mesenchyme that develops_from a head mesenchyme from mesoderm and is part of a 2nd arch mesenchyme. EHDAA2:0000067 EMAPA:16280 @@ -550062,14 +550063,14 @@ UBERON:0010343 2nd arch mesenchyme from head mesenchyme - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -550094,7 +550095,7 @@ - + @@ -550105,7 +550106,7 @@ - + Mesenchyme that develops_from a head mesenchyme from mesoderm and is part of a 3rd arch mesenchyme. EHDAA2:0000082 EMAPA:16403 @@ -550117,14 +550118,14 @@ UBERON:0010344 3rd arch mesenchyme from head mesenchyme - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -550149,7 +550150,7 @@ - + @@ -550160,7 +550161,7 @@ - + Mesenchyme that develops_from a head mesenchyme from mesoderm and is part of a 4th arch mesenchyme. EHDAA2:0000097 EMAPA:16771 @@ -550172,14 +550173,14 @@ UBERON:0010345 4th arch mesenchyme from head mesenchyme - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -550204,7 +550205,7 @@ - + @@ -550215,7 +550216,7 @@ - + Mesenchyme that develops_from a head mesenchyme from mesoderm and is part of a 6th arch mesenchyme. EHDAA2:0004078 head mesenchyme derived arch 6 mesenchyme @@ -550225,14 +550226,14 @@ UBERON:0010347 6th arch mesenchyme from head mesenchyme - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -550249,14 +550250,14 @@ - + EHDAA2:0000795 uberon hyoid muscle plate UBERON:0010348 hyoid pre-muscle mass - + @@ -550269,7 +550270,7 @@ - + EHDAA2 @@ -550327,7 +550328,7 @@ - + EMAPA:17351 future Reichert's cartilage hyoid cartilage pre-cartilage condensation @@ -550335,14 +550336,14 @@ UBERON:0010354 Reichert's cartilage pre-cartilage condensation - + - + DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2005.00441.x EHDAA2 @@ -550522,7 +550523,7 @@ - + An arch-shaped structure of the vertebra that extends dorsally (neural arch) or ventrally (hemal arch) from the vertebral centrum. (...) certain common components [of vertebral structure] are found in nearly all vertebrate. A representative vertebra has a vertebral arch or neural arch, which extends dorsally around the spinal cord.[well established][VHOG] Note that humans do not have hemal arches, so VA=NA for FMA @@ -550536,14 +550537,14 @@ arch of centrum of vertebra - + - + FMA @@ -551177,7 +551178,7 @@ - + A unit of lung supplied by three to five terminal bronchioles and contained by fibrous septa. a pyramidal mass of lung tissue with sides that are bounded by the incomplete interlobular connective tissue septa and with a base, which is 1-2 cm in diameter, which usually faces the pleural surface of the lung; lobules that occupy a more central position in the lung are not well defined and are considered to consist of three to five pulmonary acini with proximate terminal bronchioles. @@ -551190,7 +551191,7 @@ secondary pulmonary lobule - + @@ -551203,7 +551204,7 @@ - + FMA @@ -551386,8 +551387,8 @@ - - + + In the head of the pancreas, the angle of junction of the lower and left lateral borders forms a prolongation, termed the uncinate process. During the embryonic development of the distal foregut, the duodenum c-shape is formed while rotating the ventral pancreatic bud into the dorsal bud. The dorsal and ventral pancreatic buds fuse. The dorsal pancreatic bud becomes the body, tail, and isthmus of the pancreas and the ventral pancreatic bud forms the pancreatic head and uncinate process[WP]. processus uncinatus @@ -551410,11 +551411,11 @@ https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/pancreas-female/v1.3/assets/3d-vh-f-pancreas.glb https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/pancreas-male/v1.3/assets/3d-vh-m-pancreas.glb - + - + @@ -551427,13 +551428,13 @@ - + FMA - + Wikipedia @@ -551504,7 +551505,7 @@ - + @@ -551519,14 +551520,14 @@ UBERON:0010375 pancreas dorsal primordium - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -551555,7 +551556,7 @@ - + @@ -551570,14 +551571,14 @@ UBERON:0010376 pancreas ventral primordium - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -551611,7 +551612,7 @@ - + @@ -551625,7 +551626,7 @@ UBERON:0010377 mesenchyme from somatopleure - + @@ -551638,7 +551639,7 @@ - + EHDAA2 @@ -551671,7 +551672,7 @@ - + @@ -551684,7 +551685,7 @@ UBERON:0010378 mesenchyme from splanchnopleure - + @@ -551697,7 +551698,7 @@ - + EHDAA2 @@ -551731,9 +551732,9 @@ - - - + + + The superior tarsal muscle is a smooth muscle adjoining the levator palpebrae superioris muscle that helps to raise the upper eyelid. declaring this to be both smooth muscle and part of the LPS leads to a disjointness violation (smooth muscle and striated muscle) @@ -551752,34 +551753,34 @@ superior tarsal muscle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6f/Gray894.png - + - + - + - + dbpedia - + FMA - + underside of levator palpebrae superioris dbpedia @@ -551896,7 +551897,7 @@ - + @@ -551916,14 +551917,14 @@ UBERON:0010384 lumen of laryngopharynx - + - + FMA @@ -552039,7 +552040,7 @@ - + @@ -552060,14 +552061,14 @@ The proximal rib derives from the caudal half of somite[PMID:15906248] proximal segment of rib - + - + MA @@ -552105,7 +552106,7 @@ - + @@ -552135,7 +552136,7 @@ Sources vary as to whether the pterygoid corresponds to the pterygoid processes in general, or the latter/inner plate. pterygoid bone - + @@ -552148,7 +552149,7 @@ - + MA @@ -552606,7 +552607,7 @@ - + @@ -552627,14 +552628,14 @@ spleen trabecular artery - + - + MP @@ -552752,7 +552753,7 @@ - + @@ -552772,14 +552773,14 @@ spleen central arteriole - + - + Wikipedia:Trabecular_arteries @@ -552916,8 +552917,8 @@ - - + + @@ -552933,11 +552934,11 @@ lateral ventricle subependymal layer - + - + @@ -552950,13 +552951,13 @@ - + MA - + Wikipedia @@ -553358,7 +553359,7 @@ - + @@ -553400,7 +553401,7 @@ barrel cortex - + @@ -553413,7 +553414,7 @@ - + MBA @@ -553502,7 +553503,7 @@ - + A part of the lymph node cortex in which B lymphocytes home to primary follicles to survey follicular dendritic cells (FDCs); antigen stimulated B cells proliferate and differentiate within the follicles forming distinctive germinal centers. MA:0002851 lymph node B cell dependent cortex @@ -553513,14 +553514,14 @@ lymph node B cell domain - + - + MP @@ -553565,7 +553566,7 @@ - + The paracortex and interfollicular cortex of the lymph node in which T lymphocytes home to survey dendritic cells. EMAPA:37663 MA:0002852 @@ -553583,14 +553584,14 @@ https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/lymph-node-female/v1.3/assets/3d-nih-f-lymph-node.glb https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/lymph-node-male/v1.3/assets/3d-nih-m-lymph-node.glb - + - + MP @@ -553754,7 +553755,7 @@ - + @@ -553780,14 +553781,14 @@ lymph node germinal center mantle zone - + - + MA @@ -553855,7 +553856,7 @@ - + @@ -553887,14 +553888,14 @@ spleen B cell corona - + - + CL:tm @@ -553975,7 +553976,7 @@ - + A lymphoid follicle containing naive B cells. The cortex of lymph nodes, the white pulp of spleen, and mucosa associated lymphoid tissue all have these primary follicles FMA:55223 @@ -553986,7 +553987,7 @@ UBERON:0010422 primary nodular lymphoid tissue - + @@ -553999,7 +554000,7 @@ - + CL:tm @@ -554072,7 +554073,7 @@ - + EMAPA:37492 MA:0001397 MA:0001418 @@ -554086,14 +554087,14 @@ The distal rib derives from both somite halves[PMID:15906248] distal segment of rib - + - + MA @@ -554410,7 +554411,7 @@ - + One of: zygomaticus major, zygomaticus minor. EMAPA:37703 MA:0002404 @@ -554425,7 +554426,7 @@ origin: posterior braincase zygomaticus muscle - + @@ -554438,7 +554439,7 @@ - + Wikipedia @@ -554496,10 +554497,10 @@ - - - - + + + + A narrow, elongated muscle of the rotator cuff. EMAPA:36156 @@ -554518,45 +554519,45 @@ teres minor muscle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/Gray810.png - + - + - + - + - + Wikipedia - + dbpedia - + lateral border of the scapula dbpedia - + inferior facet of greater tubercle of the humerus dbpedia @@ -554866,7 +554867,7 @@ - + The intracranial dura mater, consisting of two layers: the outer periosteal layer which normally always adheres to the periosteum of the bones of the cranial vault; and the inner meningeal layer which in most places is fused with the outer. The two layers separate to accommodate meningeal vessels and large venous (dural) sinuses. The meningeal layer is also involved in the formation of the various dural folds, such as the falx cerebri and tentorium cerebelli and is comparable to and continuous with the dural mater of the spinal cord. The cranial epidural space is then a potential space between the bone and the combined periosteum/periosteal layer of the dura mater realised only pathologically and is neither continuous with or comparable to the vertebral epidural space. not clear whether this should be classified as part of cranial dura mater, as the division only makes sense in this area FMA:231545 @@ -554874,7 +554875,7 @@ UBERON:0010507 layer of dura mater - + @@ -554887,7 +554888,7 @@ - + FMA @@ -555331,12 +555332,12 @@ - + - + An electric organ that is part of a tail. BTO:0000376 electric organ of tail @@ -555344,14 +555345,14 @@ UBERON:0010519 tail electric organ - + - + BTO @@ -555440,7 +555441,7 @@ - + Skeletal element that forms as a replacement or substitution of another element or tissue. VSAO:0000135 XAO:0004016 @@ -555449,7 +555450,7 @@ UBERON:0010522 replacement element - + @@ -555462,7 +555463,7 @@ - + cjm @@ -555481,7 +555482,7 @@ - + A vessel of the microcirculature, lying between the arterioles and venules; includes capillaries (blood and lymphatic), metarterioles and arteriovenous anastomoses. MESH:D055806 TAO:0005251 @@ -555491,14 +555492,14 @@ UBERON:0010523 microcirculatory vessel - + - + ZFA @@ -555778,7 +555779,7 @@ - + @@ -555801,14 +555802,14 @@ UBERON:0010531 metanephros induced blastemal cells - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -555856,7 +555857,7 @@ - + @@ -555873,7 +555874,7 @@ UBERON:0010532 primitive nephron - + @@ -555886,7 +555887,7 @@ - + EHDAA2 @@ -555911,13 +555912,13 @@ - + - + @@ -555930,14 +555931,14 @@ UBERON:0010533 metanephros cortex - + - + VHOG @@ -556006,7 +556007,7 @@ - + A primitive nephron that is part of a metanephros. primitive nephron EHDAA2:0001516 @@ -556016,14 +556017,14 @@ UBERON:0010535 primitive metanephric nephron - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -556045,7 +556046,7 @@ - + @@ -556056,7 +556057,7 @@ UBERON:0010536 nephron progenitor - + @@ -556069,7 +556070,7 @@ - + cjm @@ -556225,8 +556226,8 @@ - - + + @@ -556239,24 +556240,24 @@ UBERON:0010541 tarsus cartilage element - + - + - + EHDAA2 - + EHDAA2 @@ -556284,7 +556285,7 @@ - + @@ -556326,14 +556327,14 @@ UBERON:0010543 acropodial skeleton - + - + PHENOSCAPE:ni @@ -556376,7 +556377,7 @@ - + @@ -556418,14 +556419,14 @@ metacarpus skeleton https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2f/Metacarpals_numbered-en.svg - + - + many to one @@ -556542,7 +556543,7 @@ - + @@ -556580,14 +556581,14 @@ metatarsus skeleton http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/52/Gray291.png - + - + many to one @@ -556684,7 +556685,7 @@ - + @@ -556718,14 +556719,14 @@ UBERON:0010546 metapodial skeleton - + - + PHENOSCAPE:ni @@ -559672,7 +559673,7 @@ - + @@ -559700,14 +559701,14 @@ UBERON:0010688 skeleton of manual acropodium - + - + PHENOSCAPE:ni @@ -559927,7 +559928,7 @@ - + @@ -559953,14 +559954,14 @@ UBERON:0010696 skeleton of pedal acropodium - + - + PHENOSCAPE:ni @@ -560180,20 +560181,20 @@ - + EMAPA:32720 uberon UBERON:0010700 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation - + - + EMAPA @@ -560885,7 +560886,7 @@ - + @@ -560903,14 +560904,14 @@ pectoral fin skeleton - + - + TAO @@ -560944,7 +560945,7 @@ - + @@ -560960,14 +560961,14 @@ UBERON:0010711 pelvic fin skeleton - + - + TAO @@ -561000,7 +561001,7 @@ - + @@ -561014,14 +561015,14 @@ UBERON:0010712 limb skeleton subdivision - + - + VSAO @@ -561116,7 +561117,7 @@ - + An iliac endochondral element that is composed primarily of cartilage tissue. EHDAA2:0000808 EMAPA:18347 @@ -561126,7 +561127,7 @@ UBERON:0010714 iliac cartilage element - + @@ -561139,7 +561140,7 @@ - + EHDAA2 @@ -561174,7 +561175,7 @@ - + A pubic endochondral element that is composed primarily of cartilage tissue. EHDAA2:0001573 EMAPA:26928 @@ -561183,7 +561184,7 @@ UBERON:0010718 pubic cartilage element - + @@ -561196,7 +561197,7 @@ - + EHDAA2 @@ -561727,8 +561728,8 @@ - - + + @@ -561741,11 +561742,11 @@ UBERON:0010728 sphenoid lesser wing pre-cartilage condensation - + - + @@ -561758,13 +561759,13 @@ - + EHDAA2 - + EHDAA2 @@ -561795,8 +561796,8 @@ - - + + @@ -561816,11 +561817,11 @@ UBERON:0010732 alisphenoid pre-cartilage condensation - + - + @@ -561833,13 +561834,13 @@ - + EHDAA2 - + EHDAA2 @@ -561878,8 +561879,8 @@ - - + + An alisphenoid endochondral element that is composed primarily of cartilage tissue. EHDAA2:0003450 sphenoid greater wing cartilage condensation @@ -561888,11 +561889,11 @@ UBERON:0010733 alisphenoid cartilage element - + - + @@ -561905,13 +561906,13 @@ - + EHDAA2 - + EHDAA2 @@ -562222,7 +562223,7 @@ - + @@ -562245,14 +562246,14 @@ bone of appendage girdle complex - + - + UBERONREF:0000003 @@ -562542,7 +562543,7 @@ - + A sacral vertebra endochondral element that is composed primarily of cartilage tissue. EHDAA2:0001773 EMAPA:18009 @@ -562552,14 +562553,14 @@ UBERON:0010745 sacral vertebra cartilage element - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -562725,7 +562726,7 @@ - + A lymphoid follicle that is part of a lymph node. EMAPA:35527 MA:0000742 @@ -562736,14 +562737,14 @@ https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/lymph-node-female/v1.3/assets/3d-nih-f-lymph-node.glb https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/lymph-node-male/v1.3/assets/3d-nih-m-lymph-node.glb - + - + issues/7 MP-def @@ -562760,8 +562761,8 @@ - - + + The middle pharyngeal constrictor is a fanshaped muscle, smaller than the Inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle. The middle constrictor is a pharyngeal arches 4/6 muscle that participates in oral/pharyngeal behaviors and is innervated by the pharyngeal plexus of Vagus and attaches to the hyoid apparatus and the midline raphe.[FEED] FMA:46622 @@ -562786,11 +562787,11 @@ middle pharyngeal constrictor http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8f/Musculusconstrictorpharyngismedius.png - + - + @@ -562803,14 +562804,14 @@ - + pharyngeal plexus Wikipedia - + dbpedia @@ -562903,9 +562904,9 @@ - - - + + + @@ -562930,15 +562931,15 @@ prefrontal bone http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/44/Dromaeosaurus_skull_en.svg - + - + - + @@ -562951,20 +562952,20 @@ - + orbital series ISBN:0073040584 - + ISBN:0073040584 - + Wikipedia @@ -563003,7 +563004,7 @@ - + @@ -563024,14 +563025,14 @@ UBERON:0010751 squamous part of temporal bone primordium - + - + EHDAA2 PMID:11523816 @@ -563736,8 +563737,8 @@ - - + + @@ -563751,24 +563752,24 @@ UBERON:0010846 radius pre-cartilage condensation - + - + - + EHDAA2 - + EHDAA2 @@ -563797,8 +563798,8 @@ - - + + @@ -563812,24 +563813,24 @@ UBERON:0010847 ulna pre-cartilage condensation - + - + - + EHDAA2 - + EHDAA2 @@ -563859,7 +563860,7 @@ - + @@ -563874,14 +563875,14 @@ UBERON:0010848 radius-ulna cartilage element - + - + EMAPA @@ -563921,7 +563922,7 @@ - + @@ -563934,14 +563935,14 @@ UBERON:0010849 tibia cartilage element - + - + EMAPA @@ -563970,7 +563971,7 @@ - + @@ -563983,14 +563984,14 @@ UBERON:0010850 tibia pre-cartilage condensation - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -564018,7 +564019,7 @@ - + @@ -564034,14 +564035,14 @@ UBERON:0010851 fibula cartilage element - + - + EMAPA @@ -564088,7 +564089,7 @@ - + @@ -564104,14 +564105,14 @@ UBERON:0010852 fibula pre-cartilage condensation - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -564128,7 +564129,7 @@ - + A smooth, rounded eminence on the lateral portion of the articular surface of the humerus. It articulates with the cupshaped depression on the head of the radius, and is limited to the front and lower part of the bone. TODO - check AAO. @@ -564148,14 +564149,14 @@ capitulum of humerus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b9/Capitulumhumeri.PNG - + - + FMA @@ -565173,8 +565174,8 @@ - - + + A small pointed eminence of the external ear, situated in front of the concha, and projecting backward over the meatus. The tragus is generally believed to play a role in vertical sound localization in bats FMA:60998 @@ -565188,24 +565189,24 @@ tragus - + - + - + FMA - + Wikipedia-uncited @@ -565320,7 +565321,7 @@ - + Muscles of the pelvic girdle, hindlimb or pelvic fin. Muscles of the pelvic girdle, thigh, leg (crus), and foot (pes).[AAO] AAO:0000218 @@ -565338,14 +565339,14 @@ pelvic complex muscle - + - + prolog @@ -565413,7 +565414,7 @@ - + A muscle of a pectoral girdle, pectoral fin or anterior limb. the MA class belongs here, based on its current child classes Muscles of the pectoral girdle, arm, forearm, and hand (brachium, antebrachium, manus respectively).[AAO] @@ -565430,14 +565431,14 @@ UBERON:0010891 pectoral complex muscle - + - + prolog @@ -565489,9 +565490,9 @@ - - - + + + An endochondral element of the nasal capsule that forms septum between nasal capsules and usually remains unossified in mammals. @@ -565505,15 +565506,15 @@ UBERON:0010892 mesethmoid element - + - + - + @@ -565526,19 +565527,19 @@ - + ISBN:0073040584 - + TAO - + TAO @@ -565761,14 +565762,14 @@ - + - + Dermal element that arises via intramembranous ossification and are developmentally distinct from true ribs that articulate with the vertebral column. @@ -565783,11 +565784,11 @@ UBERON:0010898 gastralium - + - + @@ -565800,13 +565801,13 @@ - + ISBN:0073040584 - + Wikipedia @@ -566100,9 +566101,9 @@ - - - + + + @@ -566117,34 +566118,34 @@ lateral part derives from a fish dermal bone while the medial part comes from a spur off the manubrium endochondral bone[JB] clavicle bone primordium - + - + - + - + EHDAA2 - + EHDAA2 - + mah shown in mouse PMC1352163 @@ -566162,21 +566163,21 @@ - + Third bone of the lower leg, normally restricted to the area of the knee, in multuberculates, monotremes and some therians. uberon UBERON:0010907 parafibula - + - + Palaeos @@ -566230,7 +566231,7 @@ - + Posterior ossification of the otic capsule. teleost fishes have a bone which is called the opisthotic. However, it is not homologous to the tetrapod opisthotic and the teleost otic capsule is all of a piece AAO:0010835 @@ -566239,14 +566240,14 @@ see TAO:0000474 - intercalar "Small membrane bone homologous with a cartilage bone in more basal fishes (Patterson, 1977). Situated between the exoccipital and the pterotic at point of attachment of short ligament that originates on the ventral arm of the posttemporal." opisthotic - + - + AAO @@ -566299,8 +566300,8 @@ - - + + Anatomical cluster consisting of the skeletal elements (i.e. bone elements, cartilage elements, cartilage condensations) that are part of an individual subdivision of the organism. Excludes joints. Anatomical cluster consisting of the skeletal elements that are part of the skeleton.[VSAO] FMA:23879 @@ -566313,11 +566314,11 @@ subdivision of skeleton - + - + @@ -566330,13 +566331,13 @@ - + UBERONREF:0000003 - + VSAO @@ -566375,7 +566376,7 @@ - + Skeletal element that forms around the notochord and is part of the vertebral column. we include a distinct subclass for bony vertebra In contrast to lampreys and jawed vertebrates, hagfishes were thought to lack vertebrae. Now, long overlooked vertebral rudiments have been analysed in hagfish, suggesting that vertebrae existed in the last common ancestor of all vertebrates.[well established][VHOG] @@ -566392,7 +566393,7 @@ UBERON:0010913 vertebral element - + @@ -566406,7 +566407,7 @@ - + cjm @@ -566572,7 +566573,7 @@ - + Fibers of the thyroarytenoid muscle that continue to the margin of the epiglottis; it closes the inlet to the larynx. Thexton, see notes from WG2.[FEED] not a distinct muscle in FMA @@ -566595,7 +566596,7 @@ thyroepiglotticus muscle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/Musculusthyreoarytenoideus.png - + @@ -566608,7 +566609,7 @@ - + FMA @@ -566686,14 +566687,14 @@ - + - + @@ -566723,24 +566724,24 @@ muscle belly cricopharyngeus muscle - + - + - + FMA - + Wikipedia @@ -566810,13 +566811,13 @@ - + EHDAA2:0001909 uberon UBERON:0010929 stapedius pre-muscle condensation - + @@ -566829,7 +566830,7 @@ - + EHDAA2 @@ -566928,9 +566929,9 @@ - - - + + + Cricoarytenoid muscles are muscles that connect the cricoid cartilage and arytenoid cartilage. More specifically, it can refer to: Posterior cricoarytenoid muscle Lateral cricoarytenoid muscle. candidate for obsoletion. See https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/530 EMAPA:37498 @@ -566951,15 +566952,15 @@ https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/530 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/96/Gray959.png - + - + - + @@ -566972,19 +566973,19 @@ - + dbpedia - + dbpedia - + dbpedia @@ -567087,9 +567088,9 @@ - - - + + + The orbicularis oris is a superficial facial muscle with fibers that encircle the opening of the oral cavity that attaches to the maxilla, mandible, skin and modiolus, and that participates in oral/pharyngeal behaviors, and is innervated by the facial nerve (CN VII). @@ -567111,36 +567112,36 @@ https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/473 https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b6/Orbicularis_oris.jpg - + - + - + - + Maxilla and mandible dbpedia - + Maxilla and mandible dbpedia - + Skin around the lips dbpedia @@ -567217,13 +567218,13 @@ - + EHDAA2:0002002 uberon UBERON:0010935 tensor tympani pre-muscle condensation - + @@ -567236,7 +567237,7 @@ - + EHDAA2 @@ -567249,8 +567250,8 @@ - - + + FMA:46658 SCTID:244805001 musculus thyropharyngeus @@ -567265,24 +567266,24 @@ muscle belly thyropharyngeus muscle - + - + - + FMA - + dbpedia @@ -567334,12 +567335,12 @@ - - - - - - + + + + + + The salpingopharyngeus muscle arises from the inferior part of the cartilage of the pharyngotympanic tube (Eustachian tube) in the nasal cavity; it passes downward and blends with the posterior fasciculus of the palatopharyngeus muscle. The salpingopharyngeus is known to raise the pharynx and larynx during deglutition (swallowing) and laterally draws the pharyngeal walls up. In addition, it opens the pharyngeal orifice of the pharyngotympanic tube during swallowing. This allows for the equalization of pressure between the auditory canal and the pharynx. The salpingopharyngeus is innervated by the vagus nerve (CN X) via the pharyngeal plexus. Salpingopharyngeus is a muscle that attaches to pharyngotympanic tube and the pharynx and is innervated by pharyngeal plexus of CN X and participates in oral/pharyngeal behaviors.[FEED] @@ -567356,27 +567357,27 @@ salpingopharyngeus muscle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/Salpingopharyngeus.png - + - + - + - + - + - + @@ -567389,41 +567390,41 @@ - + FMA-abduced-lr - + vagus nerve and cranial accessory nerve dbpedia - + vagus nerve and cranial accessory nerve dbpedia - + lower part of the cartilage of the auditory tube dbpedia - + fibers pass downward and blend with the palatopharyngeus muscle to the upper border thyroid cartilage blending with constrictor fibers dbpedia - + fibers pass downward and blend with the palatopharyngeus muscle to the upper border thyroid cartilage blending with constrictor fibers dbpedia @@ -567467,7 +567468,7 @@ - + belly venter FMA:9719 @@ -567477,14 +567478,14 @@ UBERON:0010938 muscle belly - + - + FMA @@ -567687,7 +567688,7 @@ - + @@ -567732,14 +567733,14 @@ anterior digastric muscle https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/538 - + - + mandibular division (V3) of the trigeminal (CN V) via the mylohyoid nerve Wikipedia @@ -567810,7 +567811,7 @@ - + @@ -567840,14 +567841,14 @@ posterior digastric muscle - + - + digastric branch FEED Wikipedia @@ -567936,8 +567937,8 @@ - - + + The occipitofrontalis or epicranius is a muscle which covers parts of the skull. It consists of two parts or bellies: The occipital belly, near the occipital bone, and the frontal belly, near the frontal bone. A zone of muscle in FMA @@ -567956,24 +567957,24 @@ occipitofrontalis muscle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fa/Gray378.png - + - + - + dbpedia - + dbpedia @@ -568020,7 +568021,7 @@ - + A belly of the occipitofrontalis muscle that is near the occipital bone. FMA:46758 SCTID:21405000 @@ -568034,14 +568035,14 @@ UBERON:0010947 occipitalis - + - + FMA @@ -568266,7 +568267,7 @@ - + A belly of the occipitofrontalis muscle that is near the frontal bone. FMA:46757 SCTID:368680005 @@ -568286,14 +568287,14 @@ frontalis muscle belly https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/be/Musculus_frontalis.png - + - + FMA @@ -568366,9 +568367,9 @@ - - - + + + The nasalis (compressor naris) is a sphincter-like muscle of the nose whose function is to compress the nasal cartilage. It consists of two parts, transverse and alar: The transverse part arises from the maxilla, above and lateral to the incisive fossa; its fibers proceed upward and medially, expanding into a thin aponeurosis which is continuous on the bridge of the nose with that of the muscle of the opposite side, and with the aponeurosis of the Procerus. The alar part is attached at one end to the greater alar cartilage, and at the other to the integument at the point of the nose. Other sources divide it into 'Compressor nasalis' and 'Dilator nasalis'. FMA:46770 @@ -568385,15 +568386,15 @@ nasalis muscle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bb/Nasalis.png - + - + - + @@ -568406,19 +568407,19 @@ - + FMA-abduced-lr - + dbpedia - + dbpedia @@ -568508,18 +568509,18 @@ - - + + EHDAA2:0002079 uberon UBERON:0010955 trapezius pre-muscle mass - + - + @@ -568532,13 +568533,13 @@ - + EHDAA2 - + EHDAA2 @@ -568548,7 +568549,7 @@ - + FMA:46638 pars pterygopharyngea (musculus constrictor pharyngis superior) pars pterygopharyngea musculus constrictoris pharyngis superioris @@ -568558,14 +568559,14 @@ UBERON:0010956 pterygopharyngeal part of superior pharyngeal constrictor - + - + FMA @@ -568595,9 +568596,9 @@ - - - + + + A single muscle, filling up the posterior concave surfaces of the arytenoid cartilages. It arises from the posterior surface and lateral border of one arytenoid cartilage, and is inserted into the corresponding parts of the opposite cartilage. It consists of oblique and transverse parts. TODO - check child relationships NCIT:C32149 @@ -568611,36 +568612,36 @@ arytenoid muscle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/52/Musculusarytenoideus.png - + - + - + - + recurrent laryngeal branch of the vagus dbpedia - + Arytenoid cartilage on one side dbpedia - + Arytenoid cartilage on opposite side dbpedia @@ -568693,7 +568694,7 @@ - + Any muscle organ that is part of either the head or the neck. NCIT:C32716 UMLS:C0448281 @@ -568703,14 +568704,14 @@ UBERON:0010959 craniocervical muscle - + - + prolog @@ -568732,18 +568733,18 @@ - - + + EHDAA2:0000455 uberon UBERON:0010961 erector spinae pre-muscle mass - + - + @@ -568756,13 +568757,13 @@ - + EHDAA2 - + EHDAA2 @@ -568772,13 +568773,13 @@ - + EHDAA2:0000459 uberon UBERON:0010962 extensor pre-muscle mass - + @@ -568791,7 +568792,7 @@ - + EHDAA2 @@ -568802,21 +568803,21 @@ - + EHDAA2:0003425 uberon UBERON:0010963 isa row in EHDAA2 trunk and cervical myotome group - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -568826,23 +568827,23 @@ - - - + + + EHDAA2:0000843 uberon UBERON:0010970 intercostal pre-muscle mass - + - + - + @@ -568855,19 +568856,19 @@ - + EHDAA2 - + cjm - + EHDAA2 @@ -568895,18 +568896,18 @@ - - + + EHDAA2:0000470 uberon UBERON:0010975 external oblique pre-muscle mass - + - + @@ -568919,13 +568920,13 @@ - + EHDAA2 - + EHDAA2 @@ -568935,13 +568936,13 @@ - + EHDAA2:0000543 uberon UBERON:0010977 flexor pre-muscle mass - + @@ -568954,7 +568955,7 @@ - + EHDAA2 @@ -568983,18 +568984,18 @@ - - + + EHDAA2:0000933 uberon UBERON:0010982 latissimus dorsi pre-muscle mass - + - + @@ -569007,13 +569008,13 @@ - + EHDAA2 - + EHDAA2 @@ -569024,18 +569025,18 @@ - - + + EHDAA2:0000993 uberon UBERON:0010983 levator scapulae pre-muscle mass - + - + @@ -569048,13 +569049,13 @@ - + EHDAA2 - + EHDAA2 @@ -569065,18 +569066,18 @@ - - + + EHDAA2:0001423 uberon UBERON:0010984 pectoral pre-muscle mass - + - + @@ -569089,13 +569090,13 @@ - + EHDAA2 - + EHDAA2 @@ -569106,18 +569107,18 @@ - - + + EHDAA2:0001636 uberon UBERON:0010985 rhomboid pre-muscle mass - + - + @@ -569130,13 +569131,13 @@ - + EHDAA2 - + EHDAA2 @@ -569146,8 +569147,8 @@ - - + + EHDAA2:0001833 EHDAA:5992 serratus anterior pre-muscle mass @@ -569155,11 +569156,11 @@ UBERON:0010986 serratus ventralis pre-muscle mass - + - + @@ -569172,13 +569173,13 @@ - + EHDAA2 - + EHDAA2 @@ -569195,18 +569196,18 @@ - - + + EHDAA2:0001913 uberon UBERON:0010987 sterno-mastoid pre-muscle mass - + - + @@ -569219,13 +569220,13 @@ - + EHDAA2 - + EHDAA2 @@ -569236,18 +569237,18 @@ - - + + EHDAA2:0002005 uberon UBERON:0010988 teres major pre-muscle mass - + - + @@ -569260,13 +569261,13 @@ - + EHDAA2 - + EHDAA2 @@ -569287,7 +569288,7 @@ - + @@ -569300,14 +569301,14 @@ UBERON:0010989 transverospinalis pre-muscle mass - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -569323,7 +569324,7 @@ - + The transversospinal muscles are a group of muscles of the human back. Their combined action is rotation and extension of the vertebral column. They include: semispinalis, spanning 4-6 vertebral segments semispinalis dorsi semispinalis cervicis semispinalis capitis multifidus, spanning 2-4 vertebral segments rotatores, spanning 1-2 vertebral segments rotatores cervicis rotatores thoracis rotatores lumborum. EHDAA2:0002075 @@ -569343,7 +569344,7 @@ transversospinales muscle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7f/Gray384.png - + @@ -569356,7 +569357,7 @@ - + EHDAA2 @@ -569410,20 +569411,20 @@ - + EMAPA:17750 uberon UBERON:0010993 subscapularis pre-muscle mass - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -569434,7 +569435,7 @@ - + A triangular eminence projecting forward from the proximal epiphysis of the ulna[WP,modified]. coronoid process @@ -569451,14 +569452,14 @@ coronoid process of ulna http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/60/Gray212.png - + - + FMA @@ -569560,7 +569561,7 @@ - + A thin layer of cartilage, usually hyaline, on the articular surface of bones in synovial joints. @@ -569590,7 +569591,7 @@ articular cartilage of joint - + @@ -569603,7 +569604,7 @@ - + Wikipedia @@ -569686,12 +569687,12 @@ - + - + @@ -569710,7 +569711,7 @@ pharyngeal arch cartilage - + @@ -569723,7 +569724,7 @@ - + ZFA @@ -569916,9 +569917,9 @@ - - - + + + Brachioradialis is a muscle of the forearm that acts to flex the forearm at the elbow. It is also capable of both pronation and supination, depending on the position of the forearm. It is attached to the distal styloid process of the radius by way of the brachioradialis tendon, and to the lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus. FMA:38485 @@ -569932,35 +569933,35 @@ brachioradialis http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/92/Brachioradialis.png - + - + - + - + dbpedia - + Lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus dbpedia - + Distal radius dbpedia @@ -569990,9 +569991,9 @@ - - - + + + The flexor pollicis brevis is a muscle in the hand that flexes the thumb. It is one of three thenar muscles. It has both a superficial part and a deep part. FMA:37378 @@ -570006,34 +570007,34 @@ flexor pollicis brevis muscle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ca/Musculusflexorpollicisbrevis.png - + - + - + - + dbpedia - + dbpedia - + Extensor pollicis longus and brevis dbpedia @@ -570063,12 +570064,12 @@ - - - - - - + + + + + + The spinalis is the portion of the erector spinae, a bundle of muscles and tendons, located nearest to the spine. It is divided into three parts. [WP,unvetted]. BTO:0002621 FMA:77179 @@ -570084,27 +570085,27 @@ spinalis muscle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a4/Spinalis.png - + - + - + - + - + - + @@ -570117,40 +570118,40 @@ - + BTO - + dbpedia - + spinous process Thoracis: Upper lumbar and lower thoracic vertebrae. Cervicis: Ligamentum nuchae and spinous process of C7. dbpedia - + spinous process Thoracis: Upper lumbar and lower thoracic vertebrae. Cervicis: Ligamentum nuchae and spinous process of C7. dbpedia - + spinous process Thoracis: SP of upper thoracic vertebrae. Cervicis: SP of cervical vertebrae except C1. dbpedia - + spinous process Thoracis: SP of upper thoracic vertebrae. Cervicis: SP of cervical vertebrae except C1. dbpedia @@ -570269,7 +570270,7 @@ - + The pyramidalis is a small and triangular muscle, anterior to the Rectus abdominis, and contained in the rectus sheath. FMA:15568 @@ -570286,7 +570287,7 @@ pyramidalis http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/91/Gray397.png - + @@ -570299,7 +570300,7 @@ - + pubic symphysis and pubic crest dbpedia @@ -570376,9 +570377,9 @@ - - - + + + A muscle that originates from the cuboid bone and divides into two portions, which are inserted into the medial and lateral sides of the base of the first phalanx of the great toe, a sesamoid bone being present in each tendon at its insertion. EMAPA:36259 @@ -570396,15 +570397,15 @@ flexor hallucis brevis muscle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/58/Musculus_flexor_hallucis_brevis.png - + - + - + @@ -570417,21 +570418,21 @@ - + plantar surface of cuneiform bones dbpedia - + medial and lateral sesamoid bones of first metatarsal dbpedia - + medial and lateral sesamoid bones of first metatarsal dbpedia @@ -570527,7 +570528,7 @@ - + @@ -570561,7 +570562,7 @@ aryepiglotticus muscle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/52/Musculusarytenoideus.png - + @@ -570574,7 +570575,7 @@ - + FMA @@ -570690,8 +570691,8 @@ - - + + The obturator internus muscle originates on the medial surface of the obturator membrane, the ischium near the membrane, and the rim of the pubis. It exits the pelvic cavity through the lesser sciatic foramen. The obturator internus is situated partly within the lesser pelvis, and partly at the back of the hip-joint. It functions to help laterally rotate extended thigh and abduct flexed thigh, as well as to steady the femoral head in the acetabulum. Originates on the entire lateral surface of the pelvic rim. Dorsal fibers insert distally to the dorso-medial surface of the caput femoris and ventral fibers extend around the acetabulum to insert on the tendon of the caput femoris.[AAO] Definition generalized to accommodate AAO class - 'Originates on the entire lateral surface of the pelvic rim. Dorsal fibers insert distally to the dorso-medial surface of the caput femoris and ventral fibers extend around the acetabulum to insert on the tendon of the caput femoris.' [AAO:0010052] @@ -570713,11 +570714,11 @@ obturator internus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/Posterior_Hip_Muscles_1.PNG - + - + @@ -570730,13 +570731,13 @@ - + FMA - + medial aspect of the Greater trochanter dbpedia @@ -570906,7 +570907,7 @@ - + The eighth thoracic vertebra counting from the top down. Note that members of this class are not necessarily homologous[ncit,modified]. EMAPA:19549 @@ -570923,7 +570924,7 @@ thoracic vertebra 8 - + @@ -570936,7 +570937,7 @@ - + FMA @@ -570978,7 +570979,7 @@ - + @@ -571003,14 +571004,14 @@ UBERON:0011060 perilymphatic channel - + - + MA @@ -571058,7 +571059,7 @@ - + @@ -571073,14 +571074,14 @@ UBERON:0011078 endolymphatic space - + - + Wikipedia @@ -571098,8 +571099,8 @@ - - + + Dermal bone that is located posterior to the dentary and lateral to the articular and retroarticular bones of the lower jaw. The angular forms the outer dermal sheet of the posterior part of the lower jaw. The angular bears a portion of the mandibular sensory canal. The angular is a paired bone. The angular fuses with the articular bone in clupeocephalans forming the anguloarticular. angular @@ -571114,11 +571115,11 @@ UBERON:0011079 angular bone - + - + @@ -571131,14 +571132,14 @@ - + mandibular series ISBN:0073040584 - + AAO @@ -571187,7 +571188,7 @@ - + @@ -571212,7 +571213,7 @@ palatoquadrate arch - + @@ -571225,7 +571226,7 @@ - + VHOG @@ -571693,7 +571694,7 @@ - + The lacrimal nerve is the smallest of the three branches of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve. FMA:52628 @@ -571706,14 +571707,14 @@ lacrimal nerve - + - + FMA @@ -571781,7 +571782,7 @@ - + A cruciate ligament in the neck forming part of the atlanto-axial joint. It consists of the transverse ligament of the atlas, along with additional fibers above and below. EMAPA:19010 FMA:25018 @@ -571796,14 +571797,14 @@ UBERON:0011106 cruciate ligament of atlas - + - + Wikipedia FMA @@ -571985,7 +571986,7 @@ - + @@ -572010,14 +572011,14 @@ humeroulnar joint http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/97/Gray329.png - + - + FMA @@ -572061,7 +572062,7 @@ - + @@ -572086,14 +572087,14 @@ humeroradial joint http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/97/Gray329.png - + - + FMA @@ -572863,21 +572864,21 @@ - + EMAPA:18714 temporo-mandibular joint primordium uberon UBERON:0011130 temporomandibular joint primordium - + - + EMAPA @@ -572911,7 +572912,7 @@ - + A skeletal joint that connects two adjacent metacarpals[FMA,modified]. FMA:35288 SCTID:303065007 @@ -572922,14 +572923,14 @@ UBERON:0011131 intermetacarpal joint - + - + two adjacent metacarpals @@ -572969,8 +572970,8 @@ - - + + A skeletal joint that connects two carpal bones. FMA:35292 MESH:D050824 @@ -572987,24 +572988,24 @@ intercarpal joint http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/37/Gray336.png - + - + - + FMA - + two adjacent carpals @@ -573075,7 +573076,7 @@ - + A joint that connects two adjacent metatarsals. In humans: The base of the first metatarsal is not connected with that of the second by any ligaments; in this respect the great toe resembles the thumb FMA:35219 @@ -573086,14 +573087,14 @@ intermetatarsal joint http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dc/Gray358.png - + - + two adjacent metatarsals @@ -573159,8 +573160,8 @@ - - + + A cartilage element that lies between two successive vertebral centra. Block of cartilage, which usually ossifies, that lies between successive vertebral centra.[AAO] AAO:0000795 @@ -573168,25 +573169,25 @@ UBERON:0011135 intervertebral cartilage - + - + - + FMA MA - + between two centra @@ -573295,7 +573296,7 @@ - + Subdivision of the skeletal system which consists of the postcranial axial skeleton plus associated joints. axial skeletal system FMA:302077 @@ -573305,7 +573306,7 @@ postcranial axial skeletal system http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/docs/The-axial-skeleton - + @@ -573318,7 +573319,7 @@ - + cjm @@ -573566,7 +573567,7 @@ - + @@ -573579,7 +573580,7 @@ - + Subdivision of urinary system which consists of the kidney and the ureters. FMA:45658 @@ -573592,24 +573593,24 @@ upper urinary tract - + - + - + FMA - + FMA-abduced-lr @@ -573637,7 +573638,7 @@ - + @@ -573657,14 +573658,14 @@ adductor muscle of hip http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e2/Anterior_Hip_Muscles_2.PNG - + - + a small part of adductor magnus is innervated by the tibial nerve dbpedia @@ -573828,7 +573829,7 @@ - + Gland of the lamina epithelialis mucosae which perforate the lamina muscularis, with their adenomeres located in the submucosal connective tissue. BTO:0003751 EMAPA:37970 @@ -573837,14 +573838,14 @@ UBERON:0011148 submucosal gland - + - + perforates @@ -573867,7 +573868,7 @@ - + @@ -573882,14 +573883,14 @@ UBERON:0011149 Marshall's gland - + - + BTO @@ -574151,7 +574152,7 @@ - + AAO:0010371 TAO:0001401 XAO:0003178 @@ -574163,14 +574164,14 @@ UBERON:0011152 dorsal hyoid arch skeleton - + - + AAO @@ -574192,7 +574193,7 @@ - + AAO:0010372 EFO:0003684 TAO:0001402 @@ -574206,14 +574207,14 @@ ventral hyoid arch skeleton - + - + AAO @@ -574309,7 +574310,7 @@ - + Subdivision of skull that consists of the facial bones. EHDAA2:0002206 EHDAA:8361 @@ -574328,7 +574329,7 @@ facial skeleton http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/77/Illu_facial_bones.jpg - + @@ -574341,7 +574342,7 @@ - + FMA @@ -574710,7 +574711,7 @@ - + @@ -574725,14 +574726,14 @@ UBERON:0011163 supraoccipital pre-cartilage condensation - + - + EHDAA2-inferred @@ -574922,7 +574923,7 @@ - + Paired, intramembranous bones located within the nasal capsules and embedded in the nasal cartilages; it is pierced by the ductus nasolacrimalis. AAO:0000556 septomaxilla @@ -574941,14 +574942,14 @@ A small dermal bone of the facial series that is often absent; when present it is usually sunken beneath the surface bones and aids in forming the nasal cavity septomaxilla bone - + - + AAO @@ -575032,8 +575033,8 @@ - - + + A bone behind and above the orbit of which it commonly forms part of the border that is present in many vertebrates and corresponds to the postorbital process of the frontal bone of various birds and mammals. postfrontal @@ -575041,11 +575042,11 @@ UBERON:0011168 postfrontal bone - + - + @@ -575058,14 +575059,14 @@ - + orbital series ISBN:0073040584 - + ISBN:0073040584 @@ -575088,8 +575089,8 @@ - - + + The postorbital is one of the bones in vertebrate skulls which forms a portion of the dermal skull roof and, sometimes, a ring about the orbit. Generally, it is located behind the postfrontal and posteriorly to the orbital fenestra. In some vertebrates, the postorbital is fused with the postfrontal to create a postorbitofrontal. postorbital Wikipedia:Postorbital_bone @@ -575097,11 +575098,11 @@ UBERON:0011169 postorbital bone - + - + @@ -575114,14 +575115,14 @@ - + orbital series ISBN:0073040584 - + ISBN:0073040584 @@ -575278,7 +575279,7 @@ - + The term retrorubral area of the midbrain reticular nucleus refers to a region of the rat brain caudal and dorsal to the ventral tegmental area. It is one of three parts of the midbrain reticular nucleus; the other two are the magnocellular part of the midbrain reticular nucleus and the parvicellular part of the midbrain reticular nucleus (Swanson-2004). BrainInfo distinguishes between the Retrorubral area of the midbrain reticular formation and the retrorubral nucleus. A8 retrorubal field @@ -575300,14 +575301,14 @@ UBERON:0011172 retrorubral area of midbrain reticular nucleus - + - + Obol @@ -575390,7 +575391,7 @@ - + One of two divisions of the nuclei of stria terminalis based on topology, connectivity and multiple stains in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ). The other division consists of the posterior nuclei of stria terminalis. The anterior division includes the anterolateral area of stria terminalis, anteromedial area of stria terminalis, oval nucleus of stria terminalis, juxtacapsular nucleus of stria terminalis, rhomboid nucleus of stria terminalis, dorsomedial nucleus of stria terminalis, fusiform nucleus of stria terminalis, ventral nucleus of stria terminalis, and the magnocellular nucleus of stria terminalis. anterior division @@ -575411,14 +575412,14 @@ UBERON:0011173 anterior division of bed nuclei of stria terminalis - + - + MA @@ -575500,7 +575501,7 @@ - + A component of the nuclei of stria terminalis defined on the basis of topology, connectivity and multiple stains in the rat. It is one of nine components of the anterior nuclei of stria terminalis in the Functional CNS Model -Rat ( Swanson-2004 ). fusiform nucleus BAMS:BSTfu @@ -575518,14 +575519,14 @@ UBERON:0011175 fusiform nucleus of stria terminalis - + - + MA @@ -575589,7 +575590,7 @@ - + A component of the nuclei of stria terminalis defined on the basis of topology, connectivity and multiple stains in the rat. It is one of nine components of the anterior nuclei of stria terminalis in the Functional CNS Model - Rat (Swanson-2004). EMAPA:37667 MA:0000929 @@ -575602,14 +575603,14 @@ UBERON:0011176 oval nucleus of stria terminalis - + - + MA @@ -575643,7 +575644,7 @@ - + One of two divisions of the nuclei of stria terminalis based on topology, connectivity and multiple stains in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ). The other division consists of the anterior nuclei of stria terminalis. The posterior division includes the principal nucleus of stria terminalis, interfascicular nucleus of stria terminalis, transverse nucleus of stria terminalis, premedullary nucleus of stria terminalis, dorsal nucleus of stria terminalis, the strial extension of stria terminalis, and the cell sparse zone of stria terminalis. posterior division BAMS:BSTp @@ -575661,14 +575662,14 @@ UBERON:0011177 posterior division of bed nuclei of stria terminalis - + - + MA @@ -575732,7 +575733,7 @@ - + A component of the nuclei of stria terminalis defined on the basis of topology, connectivity and multiple stains in the rat. It is one of seven components of the posterior nuclei of stria terminalis in the Functional CNS Model - Rat ( Swanson-2004 ). principal nucleus BAMS:BSTpr @@ -575748,14 +575749,14 @@ UBERON:0011178 principal nucleus of stria terminalis - + - + MA @@ -575807,7 +575808,7 @@ - + A component of the nuclei of stria terminalis defined on the basis of topology, connectivity and multiple stains in the rat. It is one of seven components of the posterior nuclei of stria terminalis in the Functional CNS Model - Rat (Swanson-2004). transverse nucleus BAMS:BSTtr @@ -575823,14 +575824,14 @@ UBERON:0011179 transverse nucleus of stria terminalis - + - + MA @@ -576062,7 +576063,7 @@ - + Small, mucous accessory lacrimal glands that are found underneath the eyelid where the upper and lower conjuctivae meet. Their ducts unite into a rather long sinus which open into the fornix conjunctiva. There are approximately forty Krause glands in the region of the upper eyelid, and around 6 to 8 in the region of the lower lid. The function of these glands are to produce tears which are secreted onto the surface of the conjuctiva. accessory lacrimal gland conjunctival gland @@ -576077,14 +576078,14 @@ UBERON:0011186 Krause's gland - + - + ncithesaurus @@ -576126,7 +576127,7 @@ - + The greater tubercle of the humerus is situated lateral to the head of the humerus and posteriolateral to the lesser tubercle. Its upper surface is rounded and marked by three flat impressions. the highest of these gives ('superior facet') insertion to the Supraspinatus the middle ('middle facet') to the Infraspinatus. the lowest one ('inferior facet'), and the body of the bone for about 2.5 cm. below it, to the Teres minor. The lateral surface of the greater tubercle is convex, rough, and continuous with the lateral surface of the body. Between the greater tubercle and the lesser tubercle is the intertubercular sulcus (bicipital groove). FMA:23390 NCIT:C32700 @@ -576145,7 +576146,7 @@ ventral tubercle of humerus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3b/Gray326.png - + @@ -576158,7 +576159,7 @@ - + FMA @@ -576225,7 +576226,7 @@ - + The lesser tubercle of the humerus, although smaller, is more prominent than the greater tubercle: it is situated in front, and is directed medially and anteriorly. Above and in front it presents an impression for the insertion of the tendon of the Subscapularis. FMA:23393 @@ -576244,7 +576245,7 @@ lesser tubercle of humerus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/31/Tuberculumminushumeri.png - + @@ -576257,7 +576258,7 @@ - + FMA @@ -576321,7 +576322,7 @@ - + A lamina propria that is part of a large intestine. FMA:15654 @@ -576335,14 +576336,14 @@ lamina propria of large intestine - + - + FMA @@ -576640,7 +576641,7 @@ - + An epithelium that is part of a inferior parathyroid gland. EHDAA2:0000824 EHDAA:3868 @@ -576649,14 +576650,14 @@ UBERON:0011195 inferior parathyroid epithelium - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -576695,7 +576696,7 @@ - + An epithelium that is part of a superior parathyroid gland. EHDAA2:0001957 EHDAA:3874 @@ -576703,14 +576704,14 @@ UBERON:0011196 superior parathyroid epithelium - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -576801,7 +576802,7 @@ - + A muscle layer that is part of a large intestine. FMA:14971 NCIT:C32927 @@ -576814,14 +576815,14 @@ UBERON:0011198 muscle layer of large intestine - + - + FMA @@ -576869,7 +576870,7 @@ - + A small indentation located in the prostatic urethra, at the apex of the urethral crest, on the seminal colliculus (verumontanum), laterally flanked by openings of the ejaculatory ducts. add df relations. Check mesopnephric duct FMA:19702 @@ -576892,14 +576893,14 @@ http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d4/Gray1153.png https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/prostate-male/v1.2/assets/3d-vh-m-prostate.glb - + - + FMA @@ -577067,7 +577068,7 @@ - + A muscle layer that is part of a small intestine. FMA:14932 NCIT:C33569 @@ -577083,14 +577084,14 @@ UBERON:0011201 muscle layer of small intestine - + - + FMA @@ -577510,19 +577511,19 @@ - - + + migration pathway mesenchyme uberon NC migration pathway UBERON:0011210 migration pathway NC-derived mesenchyme - + - + @@ -577535,13 +577536,13 @@ - + EHDAA2-abduced - + EHDAA2-abduced ZFA-abduced @@ -577791,8 +577792,8 @@ - - + + EMAPA:36269 FMA:13400 SCTID:244934006 @@ -577803,11 +577804,11 @@ UBERON:0011217 serratus dorsalis muscle - + - + @@ -577820,13 +577821,13 @@ - + dbpedia-abduced - + dbpedia-abduced @@ -577848,7 +577849,7 @@ - + Origin: spinous processes of seventh cervical and sometimes two upper thoracic vertebrae; insertion: spinous processes of axis and sometimes of second to fourth cervical vertebrae; innervation: branches of cervical; action: extends vertebral column. BTO:0002623 @@ -577862,7 +577863,7 @@ The Spinalis cervicis (Spinalis colli) is an inconstant muscle, which arises from the lower part of the ligamentum nuchæ, the spinous process of the seventh cervical, and sometimes from the spinous processes of the first and second thoracic vertebrae, and is inserted into the spinosus process of the axis, and occasionally into the spinous processes of the two vertebrae below it. [Wikipedia:Spinalis#Spinalis_cervivis] spinalis cervicis muscle - + @@ -577875,7 +577876,7 @@ - + also spinous process of C7 dbpedia @@ -577953,7 +577954,7 @@ - + The mastoid process is a conical prominence projecting from the undersurface of the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. It is located just behind the external acoustic meatus, and lateral to the styloid process. Its size and form vary somewhat; it is larger in the male than in the female. This process serves for the attachment of the posterior belly of the digastric, sternocleidomastoid, splenius capitis, and longissimus capitis muscles. The word is derived from the Greek 'masto-', alluding to its resemblance to the breast. FMA:52872 NCIT:C12503 @@ -577969,7 +577970,7 @@ mastoid process of temporal bone - + @@ -577982,7 +577983,7 @@ - + ncithesaurus @@ -578092,7 +578093,7 @@ - + Muscles within the eye (bulbus oculi).[AAO] AAO:0010038 EMAPA:18808 @@ -578103,14 +578104,14 @@ UBERON:0011222 intra-ocular muscle - + - + EMAPA @@ -578334,8 +578335,8 @@ - - + + An ossified mesethmoid element. Endochondral bone that extends forward from the frontal bones and articulates posterolaterally with the lateral ethmoids and the vomer and parasphenoid ventrally. The mesethmoid is an unpaired bone[TAO:0000323]. TAO:0000323 @@ -578345,24 +578346,24 @@ UBERON:0011238 mesethmoid bone - + - + - + ZFA - + ZFA @@ -578423,10 +578424,10 @@ - - - - + + + + Region between capsules formed by anterior tips of neurocranial trabeculae. Anterior wall of the braincase.[AAO] Chondrocranium cartilage that is initially plate-like and formed from the anterior fusion of the trabecula crani. The ethmoid cartilage is paired.[TAO] @@ -578442,19 +578443,19 @@ ethmoid cartilage - + - + - + - + @@ -578467,25 +578468,25 @@ - + FMA - + AAO - + TAO - + ISBN:0073040584 @@ -578539,7 +578540,7 @@ - + The perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone (vertical plate) is a thin, flattened lamina, polygonal in form, which descends from the under surface of the cribriform plate, and assists in forming the septum of the nose; it is generally deflected a little to one or other side. The anterior border articulates with the spine of the frontal bone and the crest of the nasal bones. The posterior border articulates by its upper half with the sphenoidal crest, by its lower with the vomer. The inferior border is thicker than the posterior, and serves for the attachment of the septal cartilage of the nose. The surfaces of the plate are smooth, except above, where numerous grooves and canals are seen; these lead from the medial foramina on the cribriform plate and lodge filaments of the olfactory nerves. perpendicular plate EMAPA:25114 @@ -578556,7 +578557,7 @@ UBERON:0011244 perpendicular plate of ethmoid - + @@ -578569,7 +578570,7 @@ - + FMA @@ -578973,14 +578974,14 @@ - + - + A skeletal muscle in the posterior triangle of the neck. It originates on the transverse processes of the upper cervical vertebrae and is inserted in the lateral half of the clavicle. Cleidocervicalis is one of two muscles, which make up the cleidocephalic component of the complex brachiocephalic muscle. It is a thin triangular muscle which has a broad origin on the median raphe of the mid dorsal aspect of the neck. The muscle is bounded caudally by the trapezius and cranially by the occipital component of the sternocephalicus . The cleidocervicalis tapers as it passes ventrally across the side of the neck to insert into the clavicular tendon. It is innervated by the accessory nerve. The brachiocephalic complex advances the limb, extends the shoulder joint and fixes the neck. The levator claviculae is an infrequently recognized anatomical variant in humans, distinguished from, for example, cervical adenopathy or a thrombosed vein, but a normal muscle in lower mammals and anthropoids. In humans, when present, it often appears unilaterally, most commonly on the left side, or bilaterally. @@ -578996,25 +578997,25 @@ UBERON:0011251 levator claviculae muscle - + - + - + nterior portion of transverse processes of C1 - C4 vertebrae dbpedia - + lateral half Wikipedia @@ -579216,8 +579217,8 @@ - - + + @@ -579229,24 +579230,24 @@ UBERON:0011263 femoral gland - + - + - + ISBN:0073040584 - + ISBN:0073040584 @@ -579417,7 +579418,7 @@ - + The quadratojugal is a small jaw bone that is present in most amphibians, reptiles, and birds, but has been lost in mammals. It is connected to the jugal as well as other bones, though these may vary with species. The quadratojugal bone is a small bone between the cheek and otic notch (Lecointre 380). Squamates (lizards and snakes) lack a quadratojugal bone (Schwenk 193). @@ -579436,7 +579437,7 @@ http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/eb/Skull_synapsida_1.png https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6e/Archaeopteryx_skull.png - + @@ -579449,7 +579450,7 @@ - + temporal series ISBN:0073040584 @@ -579526,7 +579527,7 @@ - + A secondary tongue located below the primary tongue in prosimian primates and some primitive mammals. This structure does not have taste buds or salivary glands. Wikipedia:Sublingua @@ -579536,14 +579537,14 @@ UBERON:0011268 sublingua - + - + Wikipedia @@ -579577,7 +579578,7 @@ - + The part of the trunk that is in the dorsum[cjm]. In humans, the subdivision of trunk which is demarcated from the trunk proper by the external surface of the posterolateral part of the rib cage, the anterior surface of the thoracic vertebral column and the posterior axillary lines, the external surface of the posterior abdominal wall; together with the trunk proper, it constitutes the trunk[FMA] EMAPA:35162 @@ -579592,7 +579593,7 @@ UBERON:0011270 dorsal trunk - + @@ -579605,7 +579606,7 @@ - + FMA @@ -579679,8 +579680,8 @@ - - + + compare with 'stratum basale of epidermis'. This class is the source for many adult structures - see WP2062. See also: 'enveloping layer of ectoderm' EHDAA2:0001845 uberon @@ -579689,11 +579690,11 @@ UBERON:0011272 embryonic skin basal layer - + - + @@ -579706,13 +579707,13 @@ - + EHDAA2 - + EHDAA2 @@ -580588,8 +580589,8 @@ - - + + A remnant of the Mesonephric duct that can be found next to the ovary and fallopian tube. FMA:18691 Wikipedia:Epoophoron @@ -580604,11 +580605,11 @@ UBERON:0011283 epoophoron - + - + @@ -580621,13 +580622,13 @@ - + Wikipedia - + Wikipedia @@ -581007,8 +581008,8 @@ - - + + EHDAA2:0001063 EHDAA:9563 manubrium sterni pre-cartilage condensation @@ -581016,11 +581017,11 @@ UBERON:0011301 manubrium sternum pre-cartilage condensation - + - + @@ -581033,13 +581034,13 @@ - + EHDAA2 - + EHDAA2 @@ -581175,7 +581176,7 @@ - + The superficial temporalis muscle is a separable part of the temporalis muscle that attaches to the temporalis fascia. MFMO:0000087 @@ -581189,14 +581190,14 @@ UBERON:0011305 superficial part of temporalis - + - + MFMO @@ -581348,7 +581349,7 @@ - + The suprazygomatic part of the temporalis muscle is a separable part of the deep temporalis that attaches to the superior surface of the temporal root of the zygomatic arch. MFMO:0000088 temporalis pars suprazygomatica @@ -581357,14 +581358,14 @@ UBERON:0011307 suprazygomatic part of temporalis - + - + FEED @@ -581441,7 +581442,7 @@ - + The zone of the mandible that carries the teeth. FMA:52827 @@ -581455,14 +581456,14 @@ body of mandible - + - + FMA @@ -581498,7 +581499,7 @@ - + .The fossa for the masseter. In some therapsids, the coronoid process of the dentary bears a large external depression which accommodates the masseter -- an important muscle in closing and in grinding motions of the jaw. fossa on the lateral surface of the mandible, located in the superior part of the ascending process.[FEED] uberon @@ -581506,14 +581507,14 @@ UBERON:0011310 masseteric fossa - + - + FMA @@ -582046,7 +582047,7 @@ - + The fibrocartilaginous plate that separates the joint into upper and lower cavities. BTO:0003675 FMA:57059 @@ -582067,7 +582068,7 @@ UBERON:0011319 disk of temporomandibular joint - + @@ -582080,7 +582081,7 @@ - + BTO @@ -582215,7 +582216,7 @@ - + A muscular branch of the mandibular nerve passing to the medial surface of the masseter muscle, which it innervates. FMA:53103 SCTID:280254006 @@ -582225,14 +582226,14 @@ UBERON:0011321 masseteric nerve - + - + FMA @@ -582396,8 +582397,8 @@ - - + + The superior laryngeal nerve is a branch of the vagus nerve. It arises from the middle of the ganglion nodosum and in its course receives a branch from the superior cervical ganglion of the sympathetic. It descends, by the side of the pharynx, behind the internal carotid artery, and divides into two branches: external laryngeal nerve internal laryngeal nerve A superior laryngeal nerve palsy changes the pitch of the voice and causes an inability to make explosive sounds. If no recovery is evident three months after the palsy initially presents, the damage is most likely to be permanent. A bilateral palsy presents as a tiring and hoarse voice. BAMS:sln @@ -582413,24 +582414,24 @@ superior laryngeal nerve - + - + - + Wikipedia - + FMA @@ -582477,7 +582478,7 @@ - + The deep temporal nerves, branches of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve, are two in number, anterior and posterior. They pass above the upper border of the pterygoideus externus and enter the deep surface of the temporalis. FMA:53187 SCTID:280255007 @@ -582488,14 +582489,14 @@ UBERON:0011327 deep temporal nerve - + - + FMA @@ -582983,7 +582984,7 @@ - + This is a neurosecretory organ rostral to the ampulla caudalis on the ventral surface of the distal end of the spinal cord. Receives axons from caudal neurosecretory nucleus, which contains Dahlgren cells that secrete urotensin I and II, implicated in osmotic regulation, cardiovascular function and reproduction[Butler]. BTO:0001848 @@ -582992,7 +582993,7 @@ Shares characteristics with neurohypophysis urophysis - + @@ -583005,7 +583006,7 @@ - + BTO @@ -583027,20 +583028,20 @@ - + A ventricle-like space at the end of the central canal. uberon UBERON:0011360 ampulla caudalis - + - + in caudal end of @@ -583509,7 +583510,7 @@ - + A transverse process of vertebra that is part of a vertebral bone 1. FMA:23981 SCTID:181895009 @@ -583518,14 +583519,14 @@ UBERON:0011370 transverse process of atlas - + - + FMA-abduced-lr @@ -583548,7 +583549,7 @@ - + @@ -583563,7 +583564,7 @@ - + @@ -583578,14 +583579,14 @@ UBERON:0011371 sternocephalicus muscle - + - + nuchal crest @@ -584112,7 +584113,7 @@ - + A chiasma of facial muscles held together by fibrous tissue, located lateral and slightly superior to each angle of the mouth. It is important in moving the mouth, facial expression and in dentistry. It derives its motor nerve supply from the facial nerve, and its blood supply from labial branches of the facial artery. It is contributed to by the following muscles: orbicularis oris, buccinator, levator anguli oris, depressor anguli oris, zygomaticus major, risorius quadratus labii superioris, quadratus labii inferioris. modiolus FMA:46837 @@ -584124,14 +584125,14 @@ facial modiolus https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/471 - + - + FMA @@ -584525,7 +584526,7 @@ - + @@ -584549,7 +584550,7 @@ UBERON:0011392 blood vessel internal elastic membrane - + @@ -584562,7 +584563,7 @@ - + MA @@ -584968,7 +584969,7 @@ - + @@ -584998,14 +584999,14 @@ iliococcygeus muscle - + - + FMA @@ -585064,7 +585065,7 @@ - + @@ -585084,14 +585085,14 @@ puborectalis muscle - + - + FMA @@ -585125,7 +585126,7 @@ - + @@ -585165,14 +585166,14 @@ pubococcygeus muscle - + - + FMA @@ -585413,7 +585414,7 @@ - + The Chondroglossus is sometimes described as a part of the Hyoglossus, but is separated from it by fibers of the Genioglossus, which pass to the side of the pharynx. It is about 2 cm. long, and arises from the medial side and base of the lesser cornu and contiguous portion of the body of the hyoid bone, and passes directly upward to blend with the intrinsic muscular fibers of the tongue, between the Hyoglossus and Genioglossus. FMA:46700 SCTID:244787000 @@ -585426,14 +585427,14 @@ UBERON:0011535 chondroglossus muscle - + - + FMA @@ -585558,7 +585559,7 @@ - + @@ -585582,14 +585583,14 @@ lumen of esophagus - + - + FMA @@ -585674,7 +585675,7 @@ - + The styloid process of the ulna projects from the medial and back part of the bone; it descends a little lower than the head, and its rounded end affords attachment to the ulnar collateral ligament of the wrist[WP,unvetted]. FMA:23628 @@ -585688,14 +585689,14 @@ styloid process of ulna - + - + FMA @@ -585918,8 +585919,8 @@ - - + + @@ -585935,24 +585936,24 @@ UBERON:0011577 flexural organ - + - + - + ZFA - + unvetted @@ -586085,7 +586086,7 @@ - + @@ -586103,14 +586104,14 @@ paired limb/fin skeleton - + - + ISBN:9780878932504 @@ -586159,7 +586160,7 @@ - + @@ -586182,14 +586183,14 @@ UBERON:0011583 stylopodial skeleton - + - + VSAO @@ -586258,7 +586259,7 @@ - + @@ -586286,14 +586287,14 @@ UBERON:0011584 zeugopodial skeleton - + - + VSAO @@ -586391,7 +586392,7 @@ - + Odontogenic tissue that is collagen-rich and characteristic of vertebrate teeth and tooth-like structures (e.g., odontodes) deposited by preodontoblasts and odontoblasts that are typically excluded from the matrix. EMAPA:36439 VSAO:0000071 @@ -586403,7 +586404,7 @@ UBERON:0011587 pre-dentine - + @@ -586416,7 +586417,7 @@ - + text definition @@ -586614,19 +586615,19 @@ - - + + EHDAA2:0002120 upper jaw future lip uberon UBERON:0011592 future upper lip - + - + @@ -586639,13 +586640,13 @@ - + fusion - + fusion @@ -586800,7 +586801,7 @@ - + @@ -586821,14 +586822,14 @@ jaw region http://eol.org/collections/11578 - + - + EMAPA FMA-abduced ZFA-abduced @@ -586847,14 +586848,14 @@ - + EHDAA2:0001020 lower jaw future lip uberon UBERON:0011596 future lower lip - + @@ -586867,7 +586868,7 @@ - + Wikipedia:Mandibular_prominence @@ -586922,7 +586923,7 @@ - + coronoid process AAO:0000103 TAO:0001673 @@ -586930,7 +586931,7 @@ UBERON:0011598 coronoid bone - + @@ -586943,7 +586944,7 @@ - + mandibular series ISBN:0073040584 @@ -586961,7 +586962,7 @@ - + @@ -586983,14 +586984,14 @@ UBERON:0011599 lenticular process of incus bone - + - + FMA @@ -587225,7 +587226,7 @@ - + @@ -587242,14 +587243,14 @@ carina of sternum http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/69/Br%C3%A9chet.png - + - + Wikipedia @@ -587323,7 +587324,7 @@ - + Replacement bone that is bilaterally paired and (in teleosts) articulates with the neurocranium dorsally and the opercle posteriorly[TAO,modified]. Replacement bone that is bilaterally paired and articulates with the neurocranium dorsally and the opercle posteriorly.[TAO] relationship loss: overlaps hyomandibula-metapterygoid joint (TAO:0001979)[TAO] @@ -587343,7 +587344,7 @@ hyomandibular bone - + @@ -587356,7 +587357,7 @@ - + TAO @@ -587638,20 +587639,20 @@ - + uberon keratohyal element UBERON:0011609 ceratohyal element - + - + TAO-abduced @@ -587746,7 +587747,7 @@ - + Replacement bone that is bilaterally paired and articulates with the hypohyal cartilage or bone, dorsal and ventral hypohyals, and posterior ceratohyal posteriorly.[TAO] relationship loss: overlaps ceratohyal-branchiostegal ray joint (TAO:0001850)[TAO] @@ -587777,7 +587778,7 @@ UBERON:0011611 ceratohyal bone - + @@ -587790,7 +587791,7 @@ - + TAO @@ -587968,20 +587969,20 @@ - + The hypohyal is a ventral element of the hyoid arch which links the ceratohyal and the basihyal. uberon UBERON:0011613 hypohyal element - + - + TAO-abduced @@ -587997,21 +587998,21 @@ - + Skeletal element that is median and is the anterior-most element of the ventral hyoid arch. TAO:0001891 uberon UBERON:0011614 basihyal element - + - + TAO @@ -588084,7 +588085,7 @@ - + Replacement bone that is median and is the anterior-most bone of the ventral hyoid arch. TAO:0000316 VSAO_RETIRED:0000007 @@ -588095,7 +588096,7 @@ UBERON:0011618 basihyal bone - + @@ -588108,7 +588109,7 @@ - + TAO @@ -588445,8 +588446,8 @@ - - + + A zone of the frontal bone that consists of two thin triangular plates, the orbital plates, which form the vaults of the orbits, and are separated from one another by a median gap, the ethmoidal notch. FMA:52849 Wikipedia:Orbital_part_of_frontal_bone @@ -588457,24 +588458,24 @@ UBERON:0011627 orbital part of frontal bone - + - + - + FMA - + FMA-abduced-lr @@ -588516,32 +588517,32 @@ - - + + EHDAA2:0001495 future premaxilla uberon UBERON:0011628 early premaxilla - + - + - + ISBN:0073040584 - + EHDAA2 @@ -588552,20 +588553,20 @@ - + supratemporal uberon UBERON:0011629 supratemporal bone - + - + temporal series ISBN:0073040584 @@ -588577,20 +588578,20 @@ - + intertemporal uberon UBERON:0011630 intertemporal bone - + - + temporal series ISBN:0073040584 @@ -588602,20 +588603,20 @@ - + tabular uberon UBERON:0011631 tabular bone - + - + temporal series ISBN:0073040584 @@ -588627,7 +588628,7 @@ - + A palatal bone which -- like many palatal bones -- may originally have developed as a dermal bone replacing part of the palatoquadrate, the primitive upper jaw. Like the palatine (also called dermopalatine), the ectopterygoid replaces the middle part of the autopalatine. It may be serially homologous with the palatine(s), but is somewhat specialized, being the last (most posterior in palatal view) of the series and bordering the fossa for the jaw muscles. In a typical tetrapod it abuts the palatine anteriorly, the maxilla laterally, the pterygoid or the fossa mandubuaris medially, and the fossa posteriorly. Dermal bone that forms the lateral border of the palate and articulates with the quadrate posteriorly, the entopterygoid medially and the dermopalatine and/or autopalatine antero-laterally. The ectopterygoid is a paired bone.[TAO] The ectopterygoid is often toothed.[TAO] @@ -588642,14 +588643,14 @@ ectopterygoid bone - + - + may be serially homologous with the palatines http://palaeos.com/vertebrates/bones/dermal/palatal-palatines.html @@ -588705,7 +588706,7 @@ - + The splenial is a small bone in the lower jaw of reptiles, amphibians and birds, usually located on the lingual side (closest to the tongue) between the angular and suprangular. AAO:0000573 Wikipedia:Splenial @@ -588715,7 +588716,7 @@ UBERON:0011635 splenial bone - + @@ -588728,7 +588729,7 @@ - + mandibular series ISBN:0073040584 @@ -588752,7 +588753,7 @@ - + @@ -588777,7 +588778,7 @@ UBERON:0011636 surangular bone - + @@ -588791,7 +588792,7 @@ - + mandibular series ISBN:0073040584 @@ -588867,7 +588868,7 @@ - + Osseous element of intramembranous origin that extends along the lingual margin of Meckel's cartilage. AAO:0000458 http://palaeos.com/vertebrates/bones/dermal/images/Dentary1.gif @@ -588876,7 +588877,7 @@ UBERON:0011637 prearticular bone - + @@ -588889,7 +588890,7 @@ - + mandibular series ISBN:0073040584 @@ -588933,7 +588934,7 @@ - + @@ -588957,7 +588958,7 @@ UBERON:0011639 frontoparietal bone - + @@ -588970,7 +588971,7 @@ - + orbital series ISBN:0073040584 @@ -589173,14 +589174,14 @@ - + An epithelium that develops_from a ectoderm and is part of a oral epithelium. EHDAA2:0004137 uberon UBERON:0011642 oral epithelium from ectoderm - + @@ -589193,7 +589194,7 @@ - + EHDAA2 @@ -589210,7 +589211,7 @@ - + A single large dorsal limb rotator muscle in lower tetrapods that runs from the lumber region and girdle to the femur. 3 muscles differentiate from this: psoas, iliacus and pectineus. UBERON:0014843 @@ -589219,14 +589220,14 @@ UBERON:0011643 puboischiofemoralis internus muscle - + - + ISBN:0073040584 @@ -589442,9 +589443,9 @@ - - - + + + Hyoid muscle that originates at the ventrolateral margin of the pterotic and inserts in the dorsomesial edge of the opercle. The levator operculi is responible for jaw depression, its force of contraction is transmitted through the opercular series and the interoperculo-mandibular ligament to the lower jaw. The depressor mandibulae of tetrapods, which opens the jaws, is the homologue of the levator operculi and epihyoidean. In mammals, the depressor mandibulae evolves into the stapedius (...).[well established][VHOG] TAO:0000537 @@ -589455,15 +589456,15 @@ UBERON:0011649 levator operculi - + - + - + @@ -589476,19 +589477,19 @@ - + ISBN:0073040584 - + ISBN:0073040584 - + Kardong @@ -589520,38 +589521,38 @@ - + - + The depressor mandibulae of tetrapods, which opens the jaws, is the homologue of the levator operculi and epihyoidean. In mammals, the depressor mandibulae evolves into the stapedius (...).[well established][VHOG] uberon UBERON:0011650 Muscle in sharks that is homologous to levator operculi and depressor mandibulae / stapedius epihyoidean - + - + - + ISBN:0073040584 - + ISBN:0073040584 @@ -589683,7 +589684,7 @@ - + @@ -589699,14 +589700,14 @@ UBERON:0011653 diapophysis of neural arch - + - + ISBN:0073040584 @@ -590261,21 +590262,21 @@ - + Enlarged section of perichordal tube that is arranged serially but out of phase with segmental musculature. AAO:0000738 uberon UBERON:0011675 perichordal ring - + - + AAO @@ -590461,7 +590462,7 @@ - + @@ -590484,7 +590485,7 @@ adductor mandibulae - + @@ -590497,7 +590498,7 @@ - + ISBN:0073040584 @@ -590551,7 +590552,7 @@ - + A muscle derivative of the mandibular levator that runs from the chondrocranium to the palatoquadrate cartilage. Found in sharks. In some fishes such as the chimera and in tetrapods the palatoquadrate becomes fused to the braincase and this muscle is absent. @@ -590559,7 +590560,7 @@ UBERON:0011684 levator palatoquadrati - + @@ -590572,7 +590573,7 @@ - + ISBN:0073040584 @@ -590595,8 +590596,8 @@ - - + + A jaw muscle arises near the orbit and tapers as it passes posteriorly to its insertion on the adductor mandibulae. Found in sharks. preorbitalis @@ -590604,11 +590605,11 @@ UBERON:0011685 preorbitalis muscle - + - + @@ -590621,13 +590622,13 @@ - + ISBN:0073040584 - + ISBN:0073040584 @@ -590644,14 +590645,14 @@ - + spiracularis uberon UBERON:0011686 spiracularis muscle - + @@ -590664,7 +590665,7 @@ - + ISBN:0073040584 @@ -590680,31 +590681,31 @@ - - + + levator hyomandibulae uberon UBERON:0011687 levator hyomandibulae muscle - + - + - + ISBN:0073040584 - + ISBN:0073040584 @@ -590751,8 +590752,8 @@ - - + + Skeletal tissue that is hypermineralized and aprismatic and deposited by a combination of ameloblasts and odontoblasts that are excluded from the matrix. Enameloid develops from pre-enameloid tissue. VHOG:0001565 VSAO:0000113 @@ -590766,11 +590767,11 @@ UBERON:0011692 enameloid - + - + @@ -590783,13 +590784,13 @@ - + ZFA - + VSAO @@ -590839,19 +590840,19 @@ - - + + VHOG:0001157 extraembryonic umbilical artery uberon UBERON:0011693 extraembryonic portion of umbilical artery - + - + @@ -590864,13 +590865,13 @@ - + EHDAA2-abduced - + FMA @@ -591007,7 +591008,7 @@ - + @@ -591023,14 +591024,14 @@ UBERON:0011698 midgut loop - + - + VHOG @@ -591070,7 +591071,7 @@ - + A hepatic sinusoid that is part of a caudate lobe of liver. EHDAA2:0001006 EHDAA:6992 @@ -591081,14 +591082,14 @@ UBERON:0011737 caudate lobe hepatic sinusoid - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -591127,7 +591128,7 @@ - + A hepatic sinusoid that is part of a quadrate lobe of liver. EHDAA2:0001013 EHDAA:8084 @@ -591138,14 +591139,14 @@ UBERON:0011738 quadrate lobe hepatic sinusoid - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -591212,7 +591213,7 @@ - + A cardiac valve leaflet that is part of a aortic valve. Extensive conservation of valve developmental mechanisms also has been observed among vertebrate species including chicken, mouse, and human.[uncertain][VHOG] EMAPA:18627 @@ -591223,14 +591224,14 @@ aortic valve leaflet - + - + MP @@ -591674,7 +591675,7 @@ - + compare with habenula The stalk emanates from the diencephalic roof at a left-of-medial position.[TAO] relationship loss: part_of pineal complex (TAO:0001359)[TAO] @@ -591693,14 +591694,14 @@ UBERON:0011768 pineal gland stalk - + - + EMAPA VHOG @@ -591958,7 +591959,7 @@ - + @@ -591992,14 +591993,14 @@ Alternate: leads from the utricle of the internal ear to the endolymphatic duct. - http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/utriculosaccular+duct. We assume a 3-way connection utriculosaccular duct - + - + MP @@ -593385,7 +593386,7 @@ - + Superficial fascia is found in the subcutis in most regions of the body, blending with the reticular layer of the dermis. It is present on the face, over the upper portion of the sternocleidomastoid, at the nape of the neck, and overlying the sternum. It is comprised mainly of loose areolar connective tissue and adipose and is the layer that primarily determines the shape of a body. In addition to its subcutaneous presence, this type of fascia surrounds organs and glands, neurovascular bundles, and is found at many other locations where it fills otherwise unoccupied space. It serves as a storage medium of fat and water; as a passageway for lymph, nerve and blood vessels; and as a protective padding to cushion and insulate. Superficial fascia is present, but does not contain fat, in the eyelids, ear, scrotum, penis and clitoris. we follow FMA, BTO, NCIT and WP in making this a distinct class from hypodermis. BTO:0004525 @@ -593403,14 +593404,14 @@ superficial fascia - + - + FMA @@ -594437,7 +594438,7 @@ - + @@ -594473,14 +594474,14 @@ Alternate def: The internal acoustic meatus (or internal auditory meatus ) is an opening on the medial surface of the petrous temporal bone. It is through this passageway that the facial nerve (cranial nerve VII) and vestibulocochlear nerve (cranial nerve VIII) pass to reach their sites of innervation. The vestibulocochlear nerve divides at the internal acoustic meatus to continue as separate vestibular and cochlear components. [MURDOCH:908] internal acoustic meatus - + - + MP @@ -595196,7 +595197,7 @@ - + The oral part of the tongue anterior to the terminal sulcus. FMA:54641 SCTID:362090005 @@ -595206,14 +595207,14 @@ UBERON:0011876 body of tongue - + - + FMA @@ -595342,7 +595343,7 @@ - + A muscle layer that is part of a wall of esophagus. In the upper esophagus, part of the externa is skeletal muscle, rather than smooth muscle FMA:62998 @@ -595356,14 +595357,14 @@ UBERON:0011878 muscle layer of esophagus - + - + upper part Wikipedia:Muscular_layer @@ -595426,7 +595427,7 @@ - + The testes, at an early period of fetal life, are placed at the back part of the abdominal cavity, behind the peritoneum, and each is attached by a peritoneal fold, the mesorchium, to the mesonephros. AAO:0010530 EMAPA:17971 @@ -595437,7 +595438,7 @@ UBERON:0011879 mesorchium - + @@ -595450,7 +595451,7 @@ - + EMAPA @@ -595473,7 +595474,7 @@ - + @@ -595515,7 +595516,7 @@ anterior uvea - + @@ -595528,7 +595529,7 @@ - + MP @@ -595877,7 +595878,7 @@ - + @@ -595902,7 +595903,7 @@ UBERON:0011899 epimysium - + @@ -595915,7 +595916,7 @@ - + FMA @@ -595951,7 +595952,7 @@ - + The fibrous sheath enveloping each of the primary bundles of skeletal muscle fibers. FMA:9728 NCIT:C33299 @@ -595963,7 +595964,7 @@ UBERON:0011900 perimysium - + @@ -595976,7 +595977,7 @@ - + FMA @@ -596006,21 +596007,21 @@ - + FMA:70945 uberon UBERON:0011901 The hair matrix surrounds the top and sides of the dermal papilla. The hair matrix cells give rise to 6 different types of cells that make up the different layers of the hair shaft and the inner root sheath. hair matrix - + - + FMA @@ -596111,7 +596112,7 @@ - + @@ -596138,14 +596139,14 @@ plantaris - + - + Lateral supracondylar ridge of femur above lateral head of gastrocnemius @@ -596235,7 +596236,7 @@ - + Missing definition for term UBERON:0011907. Please replace it using linked reference. @@ -596252,14 +596253,14 @@ Mammalian gastrocnemius medialis and flexor hallucis longus arise from reptilian gastrocnemius internus[Kardong] gastrocnemius medialis - + - + FMA @@ -596301,7 +596302,7 @@ - + Missing definition for term UBERON:0011908. Please replace it using linked reference. EMAPA:36249 @@ -596317,14 +596318,14 @@ Mammalian gastrocnemius lateralis, soleus and plantaris arise from reptilian gastrocnemius externus[Kardong] gastrocnemius lateralis - + - + FMA @@ -596521,7 +596522,7 @@ - + @@ -596540,7 +596541,7 @@ line of Schwalbe - + @@ -596553,7 +596554,7 @@ - + MP @@ -596617,7 +596618,7 @@ - + Masses of developing blood cells attached to endothelium in the yolk sac. EHDAA2:0000177 EMAPA:16115 @@ -596628,14 +596629,14 @@ yolk sac blood island - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -596665,8 +596666,8 @@ - - + + in EHDAA2 gives rise to connecting stalk blood vessels and extraembryonic umbilical vessels EHDAA2:0003242 blood island of umbilical vesicle @@ -596675,11 +596676,11 @@ UBERON:0011921 connecting stalk blood islands - + - + @@ -596692,13 +596693,13 @@ - + EHDAA2 - + EHDAA2 @@ -597213,7 +597214,7 @@ - + @@ -597246,14 +597247,14 @@ pilosebaceous unit - + - + ISBN:0123813611 @@ -597359,7 +597360,7 @@ - + A bulb of hair follicle that is part of a vibrissa unit. EMAPA:26716 MA:0000783 @@ -597371,14 +597372,14 @@ vibrissa hair bulb https://github.com/obophenotype/mouse-anatomy-ontology/issues/56 - + - + true https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Inferring-part-of-relationships @@ -597418,7 +597419,7 @@ - + A hair root sheath that is part of a vibrissa unit. EMAPA:26724 MA:0000784 @@ -597429,14 +597430,14 @@ UBERON:0011937 vibrissa root sheath - + - + true https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Inferring-part-of-relationships @@ -597834,7 +597835,7 @@ - + The inner cell layer of the mammary epithelium bilayer that lines the luminal surface of mammary gland ducts and alveoli; luminal cells have only limited contact with the underlying basement membrane and surrounding connective tissue; they are secretory epithelial cells characterized by the expression of the receptors for systemic hormones, i.e. estrogens, progesterone and prolactin. EMAPA:37902 FMA:74458 @@ -597843,14 +597844,14 @@ UBERON:0011950 mammary gland luminal epithelium - + - + true https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Inferring-part-of-relationships @@ -597891,7 +597892,7 @@ - + A luminal layer of epithelium that is part of a prostate gland. FMA:74262 subdivision of luminal layer of epithelium of prostatic gland @@ -597899,14 +597900,14 @@ UBERON:0011951 prostate luminal epithelium - + - + true https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Inferring-part-of-relationships @@ -598158,7 +598159,7 @@ - + @@ -598190,7 +598191,7 @@ UBERON:0011958 acetabular labrum - + @@ -598203,7 +598204,7 @@ - + FMA @@ -598258,7 +598259,7 @@ - + A ring of fibrocartilage attached to the margin of the glenoid cavity of the scapula. consider classifying as 'annulus fibrosus' glenoid labrum @@ -598273,7 +598274,7 @@ UBERON:0011959 glenoid labrum of scapula - + @@ -598286,7 +598287,7 @@ - + FMA @@ -598517,7 +598518,7 @@ - + @@ -598534,14 +598535,14 @@ UBERON:0011963 talocalcaneonavicular joint - + - + FMA-modified @@ -598585,7 +598586,7 @@ - + @@ -598609,14 +598610,14 @@ UBERON:0011964 calcaneocuboid joint - + - + FMA-modified @@ -598791,7 +598792,7 @@ - + The facet of the tubercle of the rib forms an articulation with the adjacent transverse process of a thoracic vertebra. This is a plane type synovial joint called the costotransverse joint. This articulation is present in all but the eleventh and twelfth ribs. Ribs 1 to 10 have two joints in close proximity posteriorly; the costovertebral joints and the costotranseverse joints. This arrangement restrains the motion of the ribs allowing them to work in a parallel fashion during breathing. If a typical rib had only one joint posteriorly the resultant swivel action would allow a rib to be non-parallel with respect to the neighboring ribs making for a very inefficient respiratory mechanism. The ventral rami innervate the costotransverse joints. Therefore, therapeutic medial branch blocks are ineffectual. The ligaments of the joint are: Articular capsule Posterior costotransverse Anterior costotransverse Ligament of the neck of the rib Ligament of the tubercle of the rib. FMA:7952 SCTID:263328007 @@ -598801,7 +598802,7 @@ UBERON:0011967 costotransverse joint - + @@ -598814,7 +598815,7 @@ - + FMA @@ -600064,7 +600065,7 @@ - + A bronchiole that is part of a lower lobe of right lung. EHDAA2:0004094 EMAPA:19004 @@ -600077,14 +600078,14 @@ UBERON:0012059 right lung lower lobe bronchiole - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -600602,7 +600603,7 @@ - + @@ -600626,14 +600627,14 @@ bony part of hard palate - + - + FMA @@ -600979,7 +600980,7 @@ - + @@ -600992,14 +600993,14 @@ UBERON:0012081 patella pre-cartilage condensation - + - + EMAPA @@ -601014,9 +601015,9 @@ - + - + @@ -601032,7 +601033,7 @@ UBERON:0012082 bronchial lumen - + @@ -601041,20 +601042,20 @@ - + - + FMA - + FMA @@ -601679,7 +601680,7 @@ - + @@ -601705,14 +601706,14 @@ UBERON:0012108 postorbital bar - + - + orbital series @@ -602526,7 +602527,7 @@ - + Outermost point on an external nose or snout. EMAPA:37915 FMA:59518 @@ -602543,14 +602544,14 @@ nose tip - + - + FMA @@ -602887,7 +602888,7 @@ - + @@ -602908,14 +602909,14 @@ A prepollex does not contain phalanges nor does it articulate with a metacarpal. It articulates with elements of the carpal (wrist) skeleton[AAO:DB]. editor note: TODO add articulation relations prepollex skeleton - + - + AAO @@ -603320,7 +603321,7 @@ - + A subdivision of the manus skeleton consisting of both manual acropodial skeleton and metacarpal skeleton, but excluding the carpal skeleton. some sources call this the acropodium. see https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Subdivisions-of-the-autopod uberon @@ -603329,14 +603330,14 @@ skeleton of manual digitopodium https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Subdivisions-of-the-autopod - + - + FMA @@ -603514,7 +603515,7 @@ - + BAMS:ACBc BAMS:AcbC DHBA:10340 @@ -603534,14 +603535,14 @@ core of nucleus accumbens - + - + NIFSTD @@ -603587,7 +603588,7 @@ - + Crescent shaped outer zone of the nucleus accumbens, defined by a combination of chemoarchitecture and afferent and efferent connections. The shell is distinguished from the more centrally located core through the notable reduction in staining for the calcium-binding protein calbindin D28K, which is dense in the core and virtually absent in the shell. BAMS:ACBs BAMS:AcbSh @@ -603607,14 +603608,14 @@ shell of nucleus accumbens - + - + NIFSTD @@ -603796,8 +603797,8 @@ - - + + EHDAA2:0000494 EMAPA:16794 SCTID:361514006 @@ -603810,11 +603811,11 @@ UBERON:0012175 acoustico-facial VII-VIII ganglion complex - + - + @@ -603827,13 +603828,13 @@ - + EHDAA2 - + cjm @@ -604653,7 +604654,7 @@ - + @@ -604681,7 +604682,7 @@ urinary bladder vasculature - + @@ -604693,7 +604694,7 @@ - + EMAPA @@ -605078,7 +605079,7 @@ - + @@ -605107,14 +605108,14 @@ UBERON:0012243 nuptial pad - + - + ISBN:0073040584 @@ -605149,20 +605150,20 @@ - + A temporary layer between old and new skin that is invalided by white blood cells[Kardong]. uberon UBERON:0012244 stratum intermedium of epidermis - + - + ISBN:0073040584 @@ -605407,7 +605408,7 @@ - + @@ -605449,14 +605450,14 @@ ectocervix - + - + BTO @@ -605850,9 +605851,9 @@ - - - + + + A manual digit found in Aves that is the most preaxial position and is morphologically similar to digit 1 in the standard tetrapod configuration and develops from embryonic digit 2, with contributions from embryonic digit 1. alula alula (Aves) @@ -605866,34 +605867,34 @@ Hypothesized to be homologous to manual digit 1 of other tetrapods. Develops from the embryonic digit that is positionally the 2nd, with contributions from the 1st alular digit - + - + - + - + PhenotypeRCN:Oct2012 - + PMID:10220427 - + PMID:10220427 @@ -605929,8 +605930,8 @@ - - + + A manual digit found in Aves that is morphologically similar to digit 2 in the standard tetrapod configuration and develops from embryonic digit 3. uberon digit II of manus @@ -605943,24 +605944,24 @@ Hypothesized to be homologous to manual digit 2 of other tetrapods manual major digit (Aves) - + - + - + PhenotypeRCN:Oct2012 - + PMID:10220427 @@ -606000,8 +606001,8 @@ - - + + A manual digit found in Aves that is morphologically similar to digit 3 in the standard tetrapod configuration and develops from embryonic digit 4. uberon digit III of manus @@ -606014,24 +606015,24 @@ Hypothesized to be homologous to manual digit 3 of other tetrapods manual minor digit (Aves) - + - + - + PhenotypeRCN:Oct2012 - + PMID:10220427 @@ -606850,7 +606851,7 @@ - + One of two hemispheres of the embryo at the zygote or blastula stage[WP,modified]. Like many of the early_development classes in this ontology, this class requires review for its applicability across vertebrates. See the tracker item for further discussion. FMA:293351 @@ -606862,14 +606863,14 @@ hemisphere of embryo https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5e/Oocyte_Poles.jpg - + - + XAO @@ -606910,7 +606911,7 @@ - + @@ -606925,14 +606926,14 @@ UBERON:0012287 Rathkes pouch epithelium - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -607207,7 +607208,7 @@ - + @@ -607222,14 +607223,14 @@ We presume this is distinct from AAO:0001003, an external integumentary structure - check with amphibian anatomy ontology developers. AO notes: the text def states mesenchymal swelling, EHDAA2 splits into mesenchymal and epithelial parts embryonic cloacal fold - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -607258,7 +607259,7 @@ - + A slight elevation flanking the cloacal membrane and derived from a cloacal fold; anal folds form the border of the anus. EHDAA2:0004012 EMAPA:37392 @@ -607266,7 +607267,7 @@ UBERON:0012293 anal fold - + @@ -607279,7 +607280,7 @@ - + EHDAA2 @@ -607514,7 +607515,7 @@ - + @@ -607533,14 +607534,14 @@ male urethral crest - + - + cjm @@ -607594,7 +607595,7 @@ - + @@ -607612,14 +607613,14 @@ female urethral crest - + - + cjm @@ -608247,7 +608248,7 @@ - + EHDAA2:0004599 EMAPA:17637 FMA:312685 @@ -608255,7 +608256,7 @@ UBERON:0012312 maxillary process ectoderm - + @@ -608268,7 +608269,7 @@ - + EHDAA2 @@ -608281,9 +608282,9 @@ - - - + + + EHDAA2:0000039 EMAPA:16389 ectoderm of maxillary component @@ -608291,15 +608292,15 @@ UBERON:0012313 1st arch maxillary ectoderm - + - + - + @@ -608312,19 +608313,19 @@ - + EHDAA2 - + EHDAA2 - + EHDAA2 @@ -608452,7 +608453,7 @@ - + @@ -608496,14 +608497,14 @@ UBERON:0012316 primitive palate - + - + palatal series ISBN:0073040584 @@ -608836,7 +608837,7 @@ - + The deep cervical artery (Profunda cervicalis) is an artery of the neck. FMA:10659 @@ -608848,14 +608849,14 @@ deep cervical artery - + - + FMA @@ -608877,7 +608878,7 @@ - + The ascending cervical artery is a small branch which arises from the inferior thyroid artery as that vessel is passing behind the carotid sheath; it runs up on the anterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the cervical vertebrC& in the interval between the Scalenus anterior and Longus capitis. To the muscles of the neck it gives twigs which anastomose with branches of the vertebral, and it sends one or two spinal branches into the vertebral canal through the intervertebral foramina to be distributed to the medulla spinalis and its membranes, and to the bodies of the vertebrC&, in the same manner as the spinal branches from the vertebral. It anastomoses with the ascending pharyngeal and occipital arteries. FMA:52489 @@ -608889,14 +608890,14 @@ ascending cervical artery - + - + FMA Wikipedia @@ -609078,7 +609079,7 @@ - + Small saliences on the ridge of the glans of the male genital organs. FMA:19653 @@ -609090,14 +609091,14 @@ UBERON:0012327 pearly penile papule - + - + FMA @@ -609489,7 +609490,7 @@ - + @@ -609506,14 +609507,14 @@ UBERON:0012336 perianal skin - + - + MA @@ -609535,7 +609536,7 @@ - + The cauda equina is a structure within the lower end of the spinal column of most vertebrates, that consists of nerve roots and rootlets from above. The space in which the cerebrospinal fluid is present is actually an extension of the subarachnoid space. EMAPA:37468 FMA:52590 @@ -609551,14 +609552,14 @@ UBERON:0012337 cauda equina - + - + MESH @@ -610279,20 +610280,20 @@ - + EHDAA2:0004588 uberon UBERON:0012361 internal anal region - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -610449,7 +610450,7 @@ - + A muscle layer that is part of an intestine. FMA:15697 intestinal muscularis propria @@ -610459,14 +610460,14 @@ UBERON:0012367 muscle layer of intestine - + - + FMA @@ -610869,7 +610870,7 @@ - + @@ -610894,14 +610895,14 @@ muscle layer of urinary bladder - + - + FMA @@ -611091,7 +611092,7 @@ - + A circular muscle layer of muscular coat that is part of a small intestine smooth muscle. EMAPA:37562 FMA:14935 @@ -611109,14 +611110,14 @@ UBERON:0012401 small intestine smooth muscle circular layer - + - + FMA @@ -611206,7 +611207,7 @@ - + A longitudinal muscle layer of muscular coat that is part of a small intestine smooth muscle. EMAPA:37563 FMA:14936 @@ -611224,14 +611225,14 @@ UBERON:0012402 small intestine smooth muscle longitudinal layer - + - + FMA @@ -611387,7 +611388,7 @@ - + The taeniae coli (also teniae coli) are three separate longitudinal ribbons of smooth muscle on the outside of the ascending, transverse, descending and sigmoid colons. They are visible, and can be seen just below the serosa or fibrosa. They are the Mesocolic, Free and Omental Coli. The teniae coli contracts length wise to produce the haustra, the bulges in the colon. The bands converge at the root of the vermiform appendix and the rectum. These bands correspond to the outer layer of the muscularis externa, in other portions of the digestive tract. FMA:15041 @@ -611403,14 +611404,14 @@ taenia coli - + - + FMA @@ -611852,7 +611853,7 @@ - + @@ -611874,7 +611875,7 @@ UBERON:0012429 hematopoietic tissue - + @@ -611887,7 +611888,7 @@ - + defitional @@ -612974,7 +612975,7 @@ - + @@ -612991,14 +612992,14 @@ UBERON:0012463 cloacal lumen - + - + cjm @@ -613241,20 +613242,20 @@ - + EHDAA2:0004589 uberon UBERON:0012469 external anal region - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -613285,7 +613286,7 @@ - + @@ -613318,14 +613319,14 @@ UBERON:0012471 hepatogastric ligament - + - + FMA @@ -613363,7 +613364,7 @@ - + @@ -613387,14 +613388,14 @@ https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/liver-female/v1.2/assets/3d-vh-f-liver.glb https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/liver-male/v1.2/assets/3d-vh-m-liver.glb - + - + FMA @@ -613491,7 +613492,7 @@ - + @@ -613507,14 +613508,14 @@ UBERON:0012474 hepatic cecum - + - + BTO @@ -613553,7 +613554,7 @@ - + @@ -613573,14 +613574,14 @@ skeleton of pectoral complex - + - + FMA @@ -613649,7 +613650,7 @@ - + @@ -613669,14 +613670,14 @@ skeleton of pelvic complex - + - + FMA @@ -613728,8 +613729,8 @@ - - + + The posterior region of the neck, including the suboccipital region. nuchal nape @@ -613752,11 +613753,11 @@ dorsal part of neck - + - + @@ -613769,13 +613770,13 @@ - + FMA - + FMA @@ -614418,7 +614419,7 @@ - + A muscularis mucosa that is part of a duodenum. EMAPA:27243 @@ -614434,14 +614435,14 @@ muscularis mucosae of duodenum - + - + FMA @@ -614475,7 +614476,7 @@ - + A muscularis mucosa that is part of a rectum. EMAPA:27093 FMA:15687 @@ -614486,14 +614487,14 @@ UBERON:0012497 muscularis mucosae of rectum - + - + FMA @@ -614686,7 +614687,7 @@ - + A serous membrane that is part of a fundus of stomach. EMAPA:27157 FMA:17073 @@ -614695,14 +614696,14 @@ UBERON:0012503 serosa of fundus of stomach - + - + FMA @@ -615085,7 +615086,7 @@ - + The ampulla is the second portion of the uterine tube. It is an intermediate dilated portion, which curves over the ovary. It is the most common site of human fertilization. The word ampulla is from the Latin for flask. BTO:0004285 @@ -615104,14 +615105,14 @@ ampulla of fallopian tube - + - + FMA @@ -616465,7 +616466,7 @@ - + Just before each crus of the penis meets its fellow it presents a slight enlargement, named by Kobelt the bulb of the corpus spongiosum penis. It is homologous to the vestibular bulbs in females. FMA:19614 Wikipedia:Bulb_of_penis @@ -616481,14 +616482,14 @@ UBERON:0013128 bulb of penis - + - + FMA @@ -616658,9 +616659,9 @@ - - - + + + One of the small straight arteries of the red pulp of the spleen; a branch of the spleen central artery that supplies the red pulp[WP,modified]. FMA:16038 @@ -616672,34 +616673,34 @@ penicillar arteriole - + - + - + - + FMA - + Wikipedia:Trabecular_arteries - + Wikipedia:Trabecular_arteries @@ -616736,7 +616737,7 @@ - + A phrenic artery that arises from the lower part of the thoracic aorta and is distributed to the posterior part of the upper surface of the diaphragm, and anastomoses with the musculophrenic and pericardiacophrenic arteries. FMA:4163 @@ -616750,14 +616751,14 @@ superior phrenic artery - + - + Wikipedia @@ -616872,7 +616873,7 @@ - + A vein that drains a lip. SCTID:367664002 labial vein of face @@ -616883,14 +616884,14 @@ UBERON:0013136 vein of lip - + - + FMA @@ -616969,8 +616970,8 @@ - - + + @@ -616993,24 +616994,24 @@ https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/liver-female/v1.2/assets/3d-vh-f-liver.glb https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/liver-male/v1.2/assets/3d-vh-m-liver.glb - + - + - + FMA - + FMA-modified @@ -617165,7 +617166,7 @@ - + @@ -617183,7 +617184,7 @@ UBERON:0013141 capillary bed - + @@ -617196,7 +617197,7 @@ - + FMA @@ -617331,7 +617332,7 @@ - + FMA:44559 uberon @@ -617341,14 +617342,14 @@ The term genicular venous plexus (plexus venosus genicularis) should replace the term genicular veins. At the knee, deep veins do not correspond exactly to the branches of the popliteal artery (articular arteries). They are arranged in a complex plexus of interconnecting veins.[http://www.veinsurg.com/fr/biblio/echodoppler/echodoppler_11.php] vein of genicular venous plexus - + - + FMA @@ -617364,7 +617365,7 @@ - + FMA:44320 SCTID:302677006 posteromedial vein of thigh @@ -617372,14 +617373,14 @@ UBERON:0013145 accessory saphenous vein - + - + FMA @@ -617396,8 +617397,8 @@ - - + + Missing definition for term UBERON:0013146. Please replace it using linked reference. EHDAA2:0000185 EMAPA:18631 @@ -617409,11 +617410,11 @@ UBERON:0013146 venous system of brain - + - + @@ -617426,13 +617427,13 @@ - + EHDAA2 - + VHOG-modified @@ -617455,7 +617456,7 @@ - + EHDAA2:0001102 mesencephalic vesicle uberon @@ -617463,14 +617464,14 @@ gives rise to midbrain vesicle which gives rise to cerebral aqueduct early mesencephalic vesicle - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -617486,8 +617487,8 @@ - - + + EHDAA2:0001103 SCTID:361481005 midbrain vesicle @@ -617496,24 +617497,24 @@ develops into cerebral aqueduct early midbrain vesicle - + - + - + EHDAA2 - + EHDAA2 @@ -617529,7 +617530,7 @@ - + EHDAA2:0000101 SCTID:361482003 rhombencephalic vesicle @@ -617538,14 +617539,14 @@ gives rise of 4th ventricle hindbrain vesicle - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -617561,7 +617562,7 @@ - + @@ -617582,7 +617583,7 @@ UBERON:0013150 future brain vesicle - + @@ -617595,7 +617596,7 @@ - + EHDAA2 @@ -617664,7 +617665,7 @@ - + A temporary opening between the developing ventricles of the heart. The ventricles arise as a single cavity is divided by the developing interventricular septum. Before the septum closes completely, the remaining opening between the two ventricles is termed the interventricular foramen. EHDAA2:0004064 Wikipedia:Primary_interventricular_foramen @@ -617675,7 +617676,7 @@ Phenotype notes: In some individuals, the foramen fails to close, leading to an interventricular septal defect known as a patent interventricular foramen interventricular foramen of heart - + @@ -617688,7 +617689,7 @@ - + EHDAA2 @@ -617711,7 +617712,7 @@ - + Small protrusions of the arachnoid mater into vascular sinuses, acting as one-way pressure-sensitive valves. Arachnoid granulations (or arachnoid villi) are small protrusions of the arachnoid (the thin second layer covering the brain) through the dura mater (the thick outer layer). They protrude into the venous sinuses of the brain, and allow cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to exit the brain, and enter the blood stream. Largest granulations lie along the superior sagittal sinus, a large venous space running from front to back along the centre of the head (on the inside of the skull). They are, however, present along other dural sinuses as well. Smaller granulations are called villi, large calcified ones are referred to as pacchionian bodies[Wikipedia:Arachnoid_granulation]. FMA:83980 @@ -617733,14 +617734,14 @@ UBERON:0013153 arachnoid villus - + - + FMA @@ -617837,9 +617838,9 @@ - - - + + + EHDAA2:0000040 EMAPA:16390 endoderm of maxillary component @@ -617847,34 +617848,34 @@ UBERON:0013154 1st arch maxillary endoderm - + - + - + - + EHDAA2 - + EHDAA2 - + EHDAA2 @@ -617893,9 +617894,9 @@ - - - + + + EHDAA2:0000032 EMAPA:16383 ectoderm of mandibular component @@ -617903,15 +617904,15 @@ UBERON:0013155 1st arch mandibular ectoderm - + - + - + @@ -617924,19 +617925,19 @@ - + EHDAA2 - + EHDAA2 - + EHDAA2 @@ -617953,9 +617954,9 @@ - - - + + + EHDAA2:0000033 EMAPA:16384 endoderm of mandibular component @@ -617963,34 +617964,34 @@ UBERON:0013156 1st arch mandibular endoderm - + - + - + - + EHDAA2 - + EHDAA2 - + EHDAA2 @@ -618006,7 +618007,7 @@ - + EHDAA2:0000046 EMAPA:16395 1st arch maxillary-mandibular groove ectoderm @@ -618015,14 +618016,14 @@ UBERON:0013157 1st arch maxillary-mandibular cleft - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -618186,7 +618187,7 @@ - + @@ -618202,14 +618203,14 @@ UBERON:0013161 left lateral ventricle - + - + FMA @@ -618237,7 +618238,7 @@ - + @@ -618253,14 +618254,14 @@ UBERON:0013162 right lateral ventricle - + - + FMA @@ -618946,14 +618947,14 @@ - + - + @@ -618970,24 +618971,24 @@ phonic lip http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a5/Delphinschaedel.svg - + - + - + check for sperm whales - + absent in baleen whales @@ -619011,7 +619012,7 @@ - + @@ -619031,14 +619032,14 @@ dorsal bursa http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a5/Delphinschaedel.svg - + - + check for sperm whales @@ -619183,7 +619184,7 @@ - + A structure consisting of a pair of anterior and posterior dorsal bursae in which a pair of phonic lips are embedded, along with the bursal cartilage and a blowhole ligament. all odontocetes except sperm whales posses two bilaterally placed MLDB complexes, placed just below the floor of the vestibular sac MLDB complex @@ -619191,14 +619192,14 @@ UBERON:0013188 monkey lips dorsal bursa complex - + - + ISBN:0120885522 @@ -619500,7 +619501,7 @@ - + A strand of pelage hair that is crimped and grows in clusters. MESH:D014935 @@ -619512,14 +619513,14 @@ UBERON:0013196 strand of wool - + - + cjm @@ -620212,7 +620213,7 @@ - + @@ -620228,14 +620229,14 @@ UBERON:0013216 udder - + - + 1 @@ -620362,7 +620363,7 @@ - + The parotoid gland (alternatively, paratoid gland) is an external skin gland on the back, neck, and shoulder of toads and some frogs and salamanders. It secretes a milky alkaloid substance to deter predators. The substance produced acts as a neurotoxin. Parotoid glands are sometimes said to be wart-like in appearance, though warts are abnormal growths caused by viral infections while parotoid glands are normal, healthy parts of the animals that bear them. The vague similarity in appearance, however, is the reason behind the mistaken belief that touching a toad causes warts. Wikipedia:Parotoid_gland uberon @@ -620370,14 +620371,14 @@ UBERON:0013219 parotoid gland - + - + Wikipedia @@ -620399,7 +620400,7 @@ - + @@ -620420,14 +620421,14 @@ UBERON:0013220 foramen of Panizza - + - + Wikipedia @@ -621218,12 +621219,12 @@ - + - + A future glans that is part of a male genital tubercle. EMAPA:29252 glans of male genital tubercle @@ -621231,14 +621232,14 @@ UBERON:0013239 future glans penis - + - + EMAPA @@ -621257,12 +621258,12 @@ - + - + A future glans that is part of a female genital tubercle. EMAPA:19170 glans of female genital tubercle @@ -621270,14 +621271,14 @@ UBERON:0013240 future glans clitoris - + - + EMAPA @@ -621293,7 +621294,7 @@ - + The precursor of the urethra. In humans, the urethral groove is a temporary linear indentation on the underside (ventral side) of the male penis during embryonic development. It typically appears around 8 weeks of gestation and becomes closed into a normal male urethra by the 12th week SCTID:361531004 @@ -621305,14 +621306,14 @@ UBERON:0013241 embryonic urethral groove - + - + Wikipedia @@ -621415,16 +621416,16 @@ - - + + - - + + An epithelial tube that develops from a Mullerian duct in a male. Later degenerates. consider separating the duct from the degenerating portion, as in EMAPA EHDAA2:0001052 @@ -621435,24 +621436,24 @@ UBERON:0013247 male paramesonephric duct - + - + - + EHDAA2 - + EHDAA2 @@ -621482,7 +621483,7 @@ - + A small collection of convoluted tubules, situated in front of the lower part of the cord above the head of the epididymis. These tubes are lined with columnar ciliated epithelium, and probably represent the remains of a part of the Wolffian body but are functionless and vestigial. The Wolffian body operates as a kidney (metanephros) in fishes and amphibians, but the corresponding tissue is co-opted to form parts of the male reproductive system in other classes of vertebrate. The paradidymis represents a remnant of an unused, atrophied part of the Wolffian body[WP,modified]. FMA:74055 SCTID:279643005 @@ -621494,14 +621495,14 @@ UBERON:0013248 paradidymis - + - + Wikipedia @@ -621538,7 +621539,7 @@ - + A collection of a few scattered rudimentary tubules child, situated in the broad ligament between the epoophoron and the uterus. FMA:18692 Wikipedia:Paroophoron @@ -621549,7 +621550,7 @@ UBERON:0013249 paroophoron - + @@ -621562,7 +621563,7 @@ - + Wikipedia @@ -621603,7 +621604,7 @@ - + In connection with the fimbriae of the uterine tube, or with the broad ligament close to them, there are frequently one or more small pedunculated vesicles. These are termed the vesicular appendages of the epoophoron. one of the small pedunculated structures attached to the uterine tubes near their fimbriated end; remnants of the mesonephric ducts[http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/]. hydatid of Morgagni @@ -621623,7 +621624,7 @@ UBERON:0013250 vesicular appendage of epoophoron - + @@ -621636,7 +621637,7 @@ - + cranial end Wikipedia @@ -621703,7 +621704,7 @@ - + Remnant in a female of the portion of the embryonic mesonephric duct that develops into the ductus deferens in males. FMA:76609 ductus deferens vestige @@ -621713,7 +621714,7 @@ UBERON:0013262 remnnant of ductus deferens - + @@ -621726,7 +621727,7 @@ - + Wikipedia @@ -622147,7 +622148,7 @@ - + @@ -622167,14 +622168,14 @@ UBERON:0013399 blood vessel layer of choroid - + - + FMA @@ -622234,7 +622235,7 @@ - + The asterion is the point on the skull corresponding to the posterior end of the parietomastoid suture. FMA:76625 Wikipedia:Asterion_(anatomy) @@ -622244,7 +622245,7 @@ asterion of skull http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/56/Asterion.PNG - + @@ -622257,7 +622258,7 @@ - + Wikipedia @@ -622279,7 +622280,7 @@ - + @@ -622301,7 +622302,7 @@ bregma http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/24/Kort-lang-skalle.gif - + @@ -622314,7 +622315,7 @@ - + Wikipedia @@ -622347,7 +622348,7 @@ - + @@ -622371,14 +622372,14 @@ cranial cavity http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ee/Scheme_body_cavities-en.svg - + - + Wikipedia @@ -622426,21 +622427,21 @@ - + The crotaphion refers to two points on the skull at the tips of the greater wing of sphenoid bone. It is near the pterion. Wikipedia:Crotaphion uberon UBERON:0013412 crotaphion - + - + Wikipedia @@ -622462,7 +622463,7 @@ - + The Epicranium is the medical term for the collection of structures covering the cranium. It consists of the muscles, aponeurosis, and skin. TODO - add parts SCTID:362625008 @@ -622471,14 +622472,14 @@ UBERON:0013417 epicranium - + - + Wikipedia @@ -622521,7 +622522,7 @@ - + The infratemporal fossa is an irregularly shaped cavity, situated below and medial to the zygomatic arch. Boundaries defined by: anteriorly, by the infratemporal surface of the maxilla and the ridge which descends from its zygomatic process posteriorly, by the articular tubercle of the temporal and the spinal angularis of the sphenoid superiorly, by the greater wing of the sphenoid below the infratemporal crest, and by the under surface of the temporal squama, containing the foramen ovale, which transmits the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve, and the foramen spinosum, which transmits the middle meningeal artery inferiorly, by the medial pterygoid muscle attaching to the mandible medially, by the lateral pterygoid plate laterally, by the ramus of mandible, which contains the mandibular foramen, leading to the mandibular canal through which the inferior alveolar nerve passes. This also contains the lingula, a triangular piece of bone that overlies the mandibular foramen antero-medially. Finally, the mylohyoid groove descends obliquely transmitting the mylohyoid nerve the only motor branch of the anterior division of the trigeminal nerve. FMA:75308 MESH:D000080884 @@ -622535,14 +622536,14 @@ infratemporal fossa http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a7/Gray189.png - + - + Wikipedia @@ -622584,21 +622585,21 @@ - + The jugal point is the point at the anterior end of the upper border of the zygomatic arch where the masseteric and maxillary edges meet at an angle. Wikipedia:Jugal_point uberon UBERON:0013423 jugal point - + - + Wikipedia @@ -622629,7 +622630,7 @@ - + @@ -622652,14 +622653,14 @@ anatomical point connecting sagittal and lambdoidal sutures http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/50/Gray1193.svg - + - + Wikipedia @@ -622687,7 +622688,7 @@ - + The point of the sagittal suture which is on a level with the parietal foramina. FMA:264774 Wikipedia:Obelion @@ -622695,14 +622696,14 @@ UBERON:0013426 obelion - + - + Wikipedia @@ -622753,7 +622754,7 @@ - + The ophryon is the point in the forehead just above the optic foramen, or eyesocket, and glabella. FMA:284930 Wikipedia:Ophryon @@ -622761,14 +622762,14 @@ UBERON:0013428 ophryon - + - + Wikipedia @@ -622784,7 +622785,7 @@ - + The porion is the point on the human skull located at the upper margin of each ear canal (external auditory meatus, external acoustic meatus). It underlies the tragus. The anatomical landmark has significance in biological anthropology and craniometry. FMA:264711 Wikipedia:Porion @@ -622793,14 +622794,14 @@ porion http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a7/Gray189.png - + - + Wikipedia @@ -622842,7 +622843,7 @@ - + The pterygomaxillary fissure is a fissure of the human skull. It is vertical, and descends at right angles from the medial end of the inferior orbital fissure; it is a triangular interval, formed by the divergence of the maxilla from the pterygoid process of the sphenoid. It connects the infratemporal with the pterygopalatine fossa, and transmits the terminal part of the maxillary artery. Alveolar branches of the maxillary nerve go from the pterygopalatine fossa to the infratemporal region via this fissure. In older texts, the pterygomaxillary fissure is sometimes called the pterygopalatine fissure. FMA:76627 Wikipedia:Pterygomaxillary_fissure @@ -622851,7 +622852,7 @@ pterygomaxillary fissure http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a7/Gray189.png - + @@ -622864,7 +622865,7 @@ - + Wikipedia @@ -622985,7 +622986,7 @@ - + The speno-maxillary fossa is a small triangular space situated at the angle of the junction of the spheno-maxillary and pterygo-maxillary fissures, and placed beneath the apex of the orbit. It is formed above by the under surface of the body of the sphenoid and by the orbital process of the palate bone. NCIT:C33584 UMLS:C1519450 @@ -622994,14 +622995,14 @@ UBERON:0013454 spheno-maxillary fossa - + - + Wikipedia @@ -623038,7 +623039,7 @@ - + @@ -623061,14 +623062,14 @@ spheno-petrosal fissure http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/81/Gray193.png - + - + Wikipedia @@ -623096,7 +623097,7 @@ - + The point where the upper temporal line cuts the coronal suture is named the stephanion. FMA:264723 Wikipedia:Stephanion @@ -623105,14 +623106,14 @@ stephanion https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ae/Gray188-Coronal_suture.png - + - + Wikipedia @@ -623128,7 +623129,7 @@ - + The suprainiac fossa is an elliptic depression on the occiput above the superior nuchal line, or inion. UBERON:0013470 @@ -623137,14 +623138,14 @@ UBERON:0013460 suprainiac fossa - + - + Wikipedia @@ -623213,7 +623214,7 @@ - + The temporal fossa is a shallow depression on the side of the skull bounded by the temporal lines and terminating below the level of the zygomatic arch. FMA:75307 NCIT:C33742 @@ -623225,14 +623226,14 @@ temporal fossa http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bd/Fossatemporalis.PNG - + - + Wikipedia @@ -623299,7 +623300,7 @@ - + Near the middle of the occipital squama is the external occipital protuberance, and extending lateralward from it on either side is the superior nuchal line, and above this the faintly marked highest nuchal line. It is less pronounced in females. The inion is the highest point of the external occipital protuberance. a projection on the external surface of the squamous part of the occipital bone in the midline. The external occipital protuberance is a bony prominence occuring on the large area ventral to the external sagittal crest. It functions as the attachment site for the funicular part of the nuchal ligament[MURDOCH:734]. FMA:75752 @@ -623311,14 +623312,14 @@ external occipital protuberance https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/166 - + - + FMA @@ -623730,7 +623731,7 @@ - + An intestinal crypt that is located in the ileum. EMAPA:37839 FMA:269061 @@ -623742,14 +623743,14 @@ crypt of Lieberkuhn of ileum - + - + FMA @@ -623782,7 +623783,7 @@ - + An intestinal crypt that is located in the duodenum. EMAPA:37838 FMA:269063 @@ -623793,14 +623794,14 @@ crypt of Lieberkuhn of duodenum - + - + FMA @@ -623833,7 +623834,7 @@ - + An intestinal crypt that is located in the jejunum. EMAPA:37840 FMA:269065 @@ -623844,14 +623845,14 @@ crypt of Lieberkuhn of jejunum - + - + FMA @@ -624037,7 +624038,7 @@ - + @@ -624063,14 +624064,14 @@ It is considered by some to be a part of the Panniculus adiposus, and not true fascia[WP] superficial cervical fascia - + - + contested Wikipedia @@ -624489,21 +624490,21 @@ - + EMAPA:16662 uberon glossopharyngeal-vagus preganglion complex UBERON:0013499 glossopharyngeal-vagus IX-X preganglion complex - + - + cjm @@ -625372,14 +625373,14 @@ - + - + One of two lateral tracts connecting a uterus to a common median tract separated from the median vagina via ureters which prevent their fusion. Found in marsupials. https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-paired-structures-Design-Pattern lateral vagina @@ -625388,24 +625389,24 @@ UBERON:0013523 lateral vaginal canal - + - + - + cjm - + the lateral vaginae serve as transport for the sperm @@ -625449,7 +625450,7 @@ - + @@ -625472,14 +625473,14 @@ UBERON:0013524 median vaginal canal - + - + cjm @@ -625506,7 +625507,7 @@ - + @@ -625523,14 +625524,14 @@ UBERON:0013525 stomach lumen - + - + FMA @@ -625576,8 +625577,8 @@ - - + + @@ -625592,11 +625593,11 @@ UBERON:0013526 otocyst lumen - + - + @@ -625609,13 +625610,13 @@ - + EHDAA2 - + EHDAA2 @@ -625804,7 +625805,7 @@ - + A segmentation of the cerebral cortex on the basis of cytoarchitecture as described in Brodmann-1905, Brodmann-1909 and Brodmann-10. Maps for several species were presented. NeuroNames includes only areas in the human and in Old World monkeys. Of the latter, Brodmann studied representatives of several species including guenons (one Cercopithecus mona, one Cercocebus torquatus, and one Cercopithecus otherwise unspecified), which are all closely related African species, and one macaque (Macaca mulatta) an Asian species (Brodmann-1905). The legend to the summary map in Brodmann-1909 ascribes the areas simply to Cercopithecus. Brodmann referenced the areas by name and number. The same area number in humans and monkeys did not necessarily refer to topologically or cytoarchitecturally homologous structures. In NeuroNames the standard term for human areas consists of the English translation of Brodmann's Latin name followed by the number he assigned, e.g., agranular frontal area 6; the standard terms for monkey areas are in the format: area 6 of Brodmann-1909. He mapped a portion of areas limited to the banks of sulci, e.g., area 3 of Brodmann-1909 (Brodmann-1909) onto the adjacent, visible surface. This accounts for the fact that some areas appear larger on his surface map than on maps of other authors, e.g., area 3 of Vogts-1919. (Adapted from NeuroNames). BAMS:VTM BIRNLEX:1731 @@ -625821,14 +625822,14 @@ UBERON:0013529 Brodmann area - + - + FMA Wikipedia @@ -625880,7 +625881,7 @@ - + The retrosplenial region is a brain area and part of the cingulate cortex. It is defined by Brodmann area 26, Brodmann area 29 and the Brodmann area 30. BAMS:RSP BTO:0003977 @@ -625897,14 +625898,14 @@ retrosplenial region - + - + BTO @@ -626060,7 +626061,7 @@ - + The term area 4 of Brodmann-1909 refers to a cytoarchitecturally defined portion of the frontal lobe of the guenon. It is located predominantly in the precentral gyrus. Brodmann-1909 regarded it as topographically and cytoarchitecturally homologous to the human gigantopyramidal area 4 and noted that it occupies a much greater fraction of the frontal lobe in the monkey than in the human. Distinctive features (Brodmann-1905): the cortex is unusually thick; the layers are not distinct; the cells are relatively sparsely distributed; giant pyramidal (Betz) cells are present in the internal pyramidal layer (V); lack of an internal granular layer (IV) such that the boundary between the external pyramidal layer (III) and the internal pyramidal layer (V) is indistinct; lack of a distinct external granular layer (II); a gradual transition from the multiform layer (VI) to the subcortical white matter. B09-4 BIRNLEX:1735 @@ -626084,7 +626085,7 @@ Brodmann (1909) area 4 https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/515 - + @@ -626097,7 +626098,7 @@ - + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/515 @@ -626460,7 +626461,7 @@ - + B09-9 BIRNLEX:1740 FMA:68606 @@ -626482,7 +626483,7 @@ UBERON:0013540 Brodmann (1909) area 9 - + @@ -626495,7 +626496,7 @@ - + https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3308-6245 @@ -626952,7 +626953,7 @@ - + Brodmann Area 14 is one of Brodmann's subdivisions of the cerebral cortex in the brain. It was defined by Brodmann in the guenon monkey. No equivalent structure exists in humans. B09-14 BIRNLEX:1745 @@ -626970,7 +626971,7 @@ UBERON:0013545 Brodmann (1909) area 14 - + @@ -626983,7 +626984,7 @@ - + vmPFC WP @@ -627264,7 +627265,7 @@ - + Brodmann area 19, or BA19, is part of the occipital lobe cortex in the human brain. Along with area 18, it comprises the extrastriate (or peristriate) cortex. In normally-sighted humans, extrastriate cortex is a visual association area, with feature-extracting, shape recognition, attentional, and multimodal integrating functions. This area is also known as peristriate area 19, and it refers to a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined occipital region of cerebral cortex. In the human it is located in parts of the lingual gyrus, the cuneus, the lateral occipital gyrus (H) and the superior occipital gyrus (H) of the occipital lobe where it is bounded approximately by the parieto-occipital sulcus. Cytoarchitecturally it is bounded on one side by the parastriate area 18 which it surrounds. Rostrally it is bounded by the angular area 39 (H) and the occipitotemporal area 37 (H) (Brodmann-1909). B09-19 BIRNLEX:1750 @@ -627288,7 +627289,7 @@ UBERON:0013550 Brodmann (1909) area 19 - + @@ -627301,7 +627302,7 @@ - + WP @@ -628051,7 +628052,7 @@ - + Area 27 of Brodmann-1909 is a cytoarchitecturally defined cortical area that is a rostral part of the parahippocampal gyrus of the guenon (Brodmann-1909). It is commonly regarded as a synonym of presubiculum (Crosby-62). [WP,unvetted]. B09-27 BIRNLEX:1758 @@ -628075,7 +628076,7 @@ UBERON:0013558 Brodmann (1909) area 27 - + @@ -628088,7 +628089,7 @@ - + consider merging many sources treat as synonymous @@ -628190,7 +628191,7 @@ - + B09-28 BIRNLEX:1759 FMA:68625 @@ -628213,7 +628214,7 @@ Brodmann (1909) area 28 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/76/Brodmann_Cytoarchitectonics_28.png - + @@ -628226,7 +628227,7 @@ - + consider merging many sources treat as synonymous @@ -628646,7 +628647,7 @@ - + Brodmann area 40, or BA40, is part of the parietal cortex in the human brain. The inferior part of BA40 is in the area of the supramarginal gyrus, which lies at the posterior end of the lateral fissure, in the inferior lateral part of the parietal lobe. It is bounded approximately by the intraparietal sulcus, the inferior postcentral sulcus, the posterior subcentral sulcus and the lateral sulcus. Cytoarchitecturally it is bounded caudally by the angular area 39 (H), rostrally and dorsally by the caudal postcentral area 2, and ventrally by the subcentral area 43 and the superior temporal area 22 (Brodmann-1909). Cytoarchitectonically defined subregions of rostral BA40/the supramarginal gyrus are PF, PFcm, PFm, PFop, and PFt. Area PF is the homologue to macaque area PF, part of the mirror neuron system, and active in humans during imitation. The supramarginal gyrus part of Brodmann area 40 is the region in the inferior parietal lobe that is involved in reading both in regards to meaning and phonology. [WP,unvetted]. B09-40 BIRNLEX:1773 @@ -628666,7 +628667,7 @@ UBERON:0013573 Brodmann (1909) area 40 - + @@ -628679,7 +628680,7 @@ - + consider merging many sources treat as synonymous @@ -630220,7 +630221,7 @@ - + Ossicle that develops within bands of dense, regular connective tissue (e.g., tendons and ligaments). Sesamoids are generally located proximate to a bony prominence, over which the dense regular connective tissue wraps, and/or a joint or articulation. VSAO:0000137 sesamoid @@ -630229,7 +630230,7 @@ Sesamoids are often endochondral replacement elements and in addition to bone tissue, may also be composed of articular cartilage, fibrocartilage, hyaline cartilage, and calcified cartilage. sesamoid element - + @@ -630242,7 +630243,7 @@ - + VSAO @@ -630417,7 +630418,7 @@ - + An epithelium that is part of a intestinal villus. FMA:63587 intestinal villus epithelium @@ -630427,14 +630428,14 @@ UBERON:0013636 epithelium of intestinal villus - + - + FMA @@ -630769,7 +630770,7 @@ - + The buccal nerve (also called the long buccal nerve) is a nerve in the face. It is a branch of the mandibular nerve (which is itself a branch of the trigeminal nerve) and transmits sensory information from skin over the buccal membrane (in general, the cheek) and from the second and third molar teeth. BAMS:bucn FMA:53066 @@ -630783,14 +630784,14 @@ UBERON:0013646 buccal nerve - + - + FMA @@ -630847,7 +630848,7 @@ - + A nerve that innervates the lateral pterygoid muscle. The nerve to the Pterygoideus externus frequently arises in conjunction with the buccinator nerve, but it may be given off separately from the anterior division of the mandibular nerve. It enters the deep surface of the muscle. FMA:53107 @@ -630861,14 +630862,14 @@ UBERON:0013647 lateral pterygoid nerve - + - + FMA @@ -630931,7 +630932,7 @@ - + The masseteric artery is small and passes laterally through the mandibular notch to the deep surface of the masseter muscle, which it supplies. It anastomoses with the masseteric branches of the external maxillary artery and with the transverse facial artery. FMA:49739 @@ -630945,14 +630946,14 @@ masseteric artery - + - + FMA @@ -631056,7 +631057,7 @@ - + @@ -631077,14 +631078,14 @@ UBERON:0013653 velar skeleton - + - + in hagfishes it is difficult to separate neurocranium from visceral skeleton @@ -631245,8 +631246,8 @@ - - + + A bulbous ridge of highly vascularized tissue that runs along the center of the hard palate, expanding cranially to form two large lobes that terminate under the tip of the rostral palate, with another enlarged node at the caudal terminus. palatal organ palatal corpus cavernosum maxillaris @@ -631255,24 +631256,24 @@ UBERON:0013658 corpus cavernosum maxillaris - + - + - + PMID:23450839 - + PMID:23450839 @@ -632156,7 +632157,7 @@ - + @@ -632191,14 +632192,14 @@ buttock - + - + FMA @@ -633206,8 +633207,8 @@ - - + + @@ -633244,24 +633245,24 @@ UBERON:0013715 ilio-marsupialis muscle - + - + - + DOI:10.1046/j.1469-7580.2002.00087.x - + PMC1570914 @@ -633797,7 +633798,7 @@ - + @@ -633823,14 +633824,14 @@ UBERON:0013731 basilar papilla - + - + MA-abduced @@ -633869,21 +633870,21 @@ - + A tube leading from the external naris to the nasal cavity. AAO:0000984 uberon UBERON:0013732 vestibule of nasal cavity - + - + AAO @@ -633943,7 +633944,7 @@ - + Nucleus of the medial ventral tegmental area, originally identified in the rat but also in cat, monkey and human, comprising an average of 7% volume of the VTA across the different species, with the largest being present in the cat. Brain Info does not list the linear nuclei as part of the ventral tegmental area but as a co-area of the midbrain tegmentum. Am assuming the rostral linear nucleus of the raphe is synonymous, but needs further review. (NIF) BAMS:LR @@ -633960,14 +633961,14 @@ UBERON:0013734 rostral linear nucleus - + - + NIFSTD @@ -634035,7 +634036,7 @@ - + PN DHBA:12265 FMA:77497 @@ -634045,7 +634046,7 @@ UBERON:0013737 paranigral nucleus - + @@ -634058,7 +634059,7 @@ - + PMID:21653852 @@ -634077,7 +634078,7 @@ - + Nucleus identified in the medial ventral tegmental area that borders the red nucleus and superior cerebellar peduncle dorsally, the medial lemniscus laterally, the subtantia nigra pars compacta and paranigral nucleus ventrally and the rostral linear nucleus and interfascicular nucleus medially. Generally, the largest nucleus in the ventral tegmental area, occupying an average of 50% of the total volume as measured in rat, cat, monkey and human. PBP BAMS:PBP @@ -634091,14 +634092,14 @@ UBERON:0013738 parabrachial pigmental nucleus - + - + NIF PMID:21653852 @@ -634374,7 +634375,7 @@ - + Endochondral element that is ventral, median, and associated with a single pharyngeal arch in the pharyngeal arch 3-7 skeleton. Median ventral cartilage or bony element at the ventral point of a branchial arch, behind the tongue[http://www.fishbase.org/Glossary/Glossary.php?q=basibranchial&sc=is]. basibranchial @@ -634385,14 +634386,14 @@ UBERON:0013746 basibranchial element - + - + ZFA @@ -634477,7 +634478,7 @@ - + A metaphysis that is part of a ulna. FMA:33767 metaphysis of ulna @@ -634486,14 +634487,14 @@ ulnar metaphysis - + - + FMA @@ -635901,7 +635902,7 @@ - + @@ -635918,14 +635919,14 @@ skin of palm of manus - + - + FMA @@ -636125,7 +636126,7 @@ - + Most superficial of 3 cytoarchitecturally defined layers of the piriform cortex, characterized by few neuronal cell bodies. It has been divided into a superficial part and a deep part. NLXANAT:091003 layer 1 of piriform cortex @@ -636141,14 +636142,14 @@ UBERON:0014277 piriform cortex layer 1 - + - + NIFSTD @@ -636219,7 +636220,7 @@ - + @@ -636241,14 +636242,14 @@ UBERON:0014280 piriform cortex layer 2 - + - + NIFSTD @@ -636307,7 +636308,7 @@ - + @@ -636324,14 +636325,14 @@ UBERON:0014283 piriform cortex layer 3 - + - + NIFSTD @@ -636365,7 +636366,7 @@ - + An elongated nucleus consisting largely of multipolar spiny cells lying deep to the piriform cortex. According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, (Ed.), Academic Press, San Diego), it is part of the claustrum. @@ -636385,14 +636386,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0014284 endopiriform nucleus - + - + NIFSTD @@ -636445,21 +636446,21 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + NLXANAT:100307 dorsal cap of kooy uberon UBERON:0014286 dorsal cap of Kooy - + - + NIFSTD @@ -636475,7 +636476,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + Regional part of the inferior olivary complex. BAMS:IOma NLXANAT:100309 @@ -636486,14 +636487,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0014287 medial accessory olive - + - + NIFSTD @@ -636541,7 +636542,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + A group of cortical areas related by direct or indirect connectivity to the striate area 17 and functionally involved primarily in vision. They include the parastriate area 18, the peristriate area 19 and adjacent areas in the parietal lobe and temporal lobe (Adapted from BrainInfo and Zilles-1990). BTO:0004704 @@ -636558,7 +636559,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0014370 extrastriate cortex - + @@ -636571,7 +636572,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + WP @@ -636634,7 +636635,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + @@ -636652,14 +636653,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( paired anteriolateral division of the embryonic prosencephalon plus the lamina terminalis from which the olfactory lobes, cerebral cortex, and subcortical nuclei are derived[MP] future telencephalon - + - + definitional @@ -636730,7 +636731,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + Embryoid bodies (EBs) are three-dimensional aggregates of pluripotent stem cells. Embryoid bodies are structures resembling embryos, occurring in several types of germ cell tumors[BTO]. BTO:0001718 @@ -636744,7 +636745,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( EDITOR_NOTE in future this class may be ceded to another ontology if it falls outside the scope of in-vivo, non-pathological biology embryoid body - + @@ -636757,7 +636758,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + Wikipedia @@ -637740,7 +637741,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + A short projection from the base of the manubrium of the malleus, attached firmly to the drum membrane. FMA:52770 MA:0002994 @@ -637756,14 +637757,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0014397 lateral process of malleus - + - + FMA @@ -638260,8 +638261,8 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - - + + @@ -638279,25 +638280,25 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0014410 fibularis quartus - + - + - + may also originate from the longus PMID:14653594 - + PMID:14653594 @@ -638560,7 +638561,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + @@ -638583,14 +638584,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0014440 ischiopubic ramus - + - + FMA @@ -638912,7 +638913,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + A neural nucleus of the pretectal area (between dorsal thalamus and optic tectum) that receives afferents primarily from the retina and the optic tectum and are involved in modulating motor behavior in response to visual input. @@ -638939,14 +638940,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( pretectal nucleus - + - + MP @@ -639426,7 +639427,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + One of two bilaterally symmetrical holes (fenestrae) in the temporal bone. @@ -639435,14 +639436,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0014459 temporal fenestra - + - + not present in earliest amniotes Wikipedia @@ -639886,7 +639887,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + Fissure between cerebellar lobules I and II. compare with precentral sulcus BAMS:pce @@ -639908,14 +639909,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0014473 precentral fissure of cerebellum - + - + NIFSTD @@ -640177,8 +640178,8 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - - + + @@ -640200,24 +640201,24 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0014479 elephant trunk - + - + - + Wikipedia - + Wikipedia @@ -641636,7 +641637,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + ADMG BAMS:MGad BIRNLEX:1600 @@ -641649,14 +641650,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0014521 anterodorsal nucleus of medial geniculate body - + - + NIFSTD @@ -642286,6 +642287,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( + @@ -642451,8 +642453,8 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - - + + Is located ventral to the basal nucleus and has three subdivisions: the periamygdaloid cortex, the medial division, and the sulcal division. BAMS:PAC MESH:D066277 @@ -642464,24 +642466,24 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0014537 periamygdaloid cortex - + - + - + NIFSTD - + NIFSTD @@ -643067,7 +643069,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + CA1 part of stratum pyramidale hippocampi. BIRNLEX:4110 DMBA:16133 @@ -643089,14 +643091,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0014548 pyramidal layer of CA1 - + - + NN-text @@ -643178,7 +643180,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + Part of pyramidal cell layer in area CA2, lying superficial to the CA2 stratum oriens, and deep to the stratum radiatum of CA2, continuous with the pyramidal cell layers of CA1 and CA3. BIRNLEX:4111 EMAPA:36480 @@ -643195,14 +643197,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0014549 pyramidal layer of CA2 - + - + NN-text @@ -643266,7 +643268,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + A layer of hippocampal field that is part of a hippocampus pyramidal layer and is part of a CA3 field of hippocampus. BIRNLEX:4112 EMAPA:36448 @@ -643283,14 +643285,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0014550 pyramidal layer of CA3 - + - + NN-text @@ -644070,7 +644072,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + Part of dorsal tegmental nucleus characterized by round, small cells that are lightly stained in Nissl preparations. According to Hayakawa and Zuo (1983), the TDD cannot be clearly identified in the tree shrew or in human NLXANAT:20090407 @@ -644080,14 +644082,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0014568 dorsal tegmental nucleus pars dorsalis - + - + NIFSTD @@ -644115,7 +644117,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + Cytoarchitectural part of the dorsal tegmental nucleus based on cell size. The pars ventralis is characterized by medium sized oval or triangular cells that stain darkly in NIssl stains. According to Hayakawa and Zuo (1983), the TDV cannot be clearly identified in the tree shrew or in human NLXANAT:20090408 @@ -644127,14 +644129,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0014569 dorsal tegmental nucleus pars ventralis - + - + NIFSTD @@ -644512,7 +644514,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + TMd BAMS:TMd BIRNLEX:1290 @@ -644524,14 +644526,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0014593 tuberomammillary nucleus dorsal part - + - + NIFSTD @@ -644562,7 +644564,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + TMv BAMS:TMv BIRNLEX:1294 @@ -644572,14 +644574,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0014594 tuberomammillary nucleus ventral part - + - + NIFSTD @@ -645200,7 +645202,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + The ventral portion of the dorsal striatum, linking the caudate nucleus and the putamen anteriorly (adapted from Wikipedia). BAMS:FS BAMS:FStr @@ -645216,14 +645218,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0014605 fundus striati - + - + ABA @@ -646562,7 +646564,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + BIRNLEX:2676 FMA:77038 @@ -646576,14 +646578,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0014630 ventral gray commissure of spinal cord - + - + FMA @@ -646630,7 +646632,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + The part of the gray commissure in the spinal central gray posterior to the central canal of the spinal cord. It is identified by Nissl stain and found in the human ( Crosby-1962 ) and the rat ( Swanson-2004 ). BIRNLEX:2677 @@ -646647,14 +646649,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0014631 dorsal gray commissure of spinal cord - + - + FMA @@ -648796,7 +648798,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + The deep auricular artery often arises in common with the anterior tympanic artery. It ascends in the substance of the parotid gland, behind the temporomandibular articulation, pierces the cartilaginous or bony wall of the external acoustic meatus, and supplies its cuticular lining and the outer surface of the tympanic membrane. It gives a branch to the temporomandibular joint. FMA:49689 @@ -648807,14 +648809,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( deep auricular artery - + - + FMA @@ -648830,7 +648832,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + The anterior choroidal artery originates from the internal carotid artery, though it also rarely arises from the middle cerebral artery. @@ -648844,14 +648846,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( anterior choroidal artery - + - + FMA @@ -648882,7 +648884,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + FMA:50657 NCIT:C33352 SCTID:369342007 @@ -648890,14 +648892,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0014697 posterior choroidal artery - + - + FMA @@ -649044,7 +649046,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + An epithelium that is part of a frontonasal prominence. EHDAA2:0004108 EMAPA:32918 @@ -649052,7 +649054,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0014702 frontonasal process epithelium - + @@ -649065,7 +649067,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + EHDAA2 @@ -649134,7 +649136,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + @@ -649149,14 +649151,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0014704 pleuroperitoneal canal lumen - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -649198,7 +649200,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + An epithelium that is part of a median lingual swelling. EHDAA2:0001085 EMAPA:17188 @@ -649207,7 +649209,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0014705 median lingual swelling epithelium - + @@ -649220,7 +649222,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + EHDAA2 @@ -649243,7 +649245,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + EHDAA2:0001147 EMAPA:17646 metanephros primitive collecting ducts @@ -649252,7 +649254,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0014706 primitive renal collecting duct system - + @@ -649265,7 +649267,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + EHDAA2 @@ -649446,20 +649448,20 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + An epithelium that is part of a carapacial ridge. uberon UBERON:0014712 carapacial ridge ectoderm - + - + cjm @@ -649952,7 +649954,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + @@ -649968,14 +649970,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( Examples: compound eye; Johnston's organ. compound cell cluster organ - + - + 2 @@ -650816,7 +650818,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + Brainstem tract formed by the central processes of first-order, trigeminal ganglion neurons that extends from the caudal medulla to the midpons. This tract conveys nociceptive and thermal information from the face to second-order neurons in the spinal nucleus of the trigeminal complex. BAMS:sp5 BTO:0003701 @@ -650842,14 +650844,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0014761 spinal trigeminal tract - + - + BTO @@ -651128,8 +651130,8 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - - + + @@ -651158,24 +651160,24 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( Classification notes: May be considered an external sphincter[PMID:8224664] crus of diaphragm - + - + - + PMID:23586979 - + PMID:23586979 @@ -651511,7 +651513,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + The lateral palpebral arteries are small arteries which supply the eyelid. @@ -651525,14 +651527,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( lateral palpebral artery - + - + FMA @@ -651566,7 +651568,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + The medial palpebral arteries (internal palpebral arteries) are arteries of the head. They are two in number, superior and inferior, arise from the ophthalmic, opposite the pulley of the Obliquus superior. FMA:50012 @@ -651583,14 +651585,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( medial palpebral artery - + - + FMA @@ -651927,9 +651929,9 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - - - + + + EHDAA2:0000113 EMAPA:28547 uberon @@ -651938,15 +651940,15 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( remnant of allantois in embryo allantois of embryonic urinary system - + - + - + @@ -651959,19 +651961,19 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + EHDAA2 - + EHDAA2 - + EHDAA2 @@ -652100,9 +652102,9 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - - - + + + Extraembryonic part of the vein passing through the umbilical cord to the fetus and returning the purified and nutrient blood from the placenta. VHOG:0000015 extraembryonic umbilical vein @@ -652110,34 +652112,34 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0014786 extraembryonic umbilical vein - + - + - + - + EHDAA2 - + EHDAA2 - + EHDAA2 @@ -652571,20 +652573,20 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + Any muscle organ that is part of a pectoral appendage (forelimb or pectoral fin). uberon UBERON:0014794 pectoral appendage muscle - + - + prolog @@ -652611,20 +652613,20 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + Any muscle organ that is part of a pelvic appendage (hindlimb or pelvic fin). uberon UBERON:0014795 pelvic appendage muscle - + - + prolog @@ -652755,32 +652757,32 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - - + + A jaw muscle that arises from trunk somites and is innervated by spinal nerves. uberon UBERON:0014797 hypobranchial group muscle - + - + - + ISBN:0073040584 - + ISBN:0073040584 @@ -653171,31 +653173,31 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - - + + A dorsal muscle of lower tetrapods. uberon UBERON:0014842 puboischiofemoralis muscle - + - + - + ISBN:0073040584 - + ISBN:0073040584 @@ -653231,8 +653233,8 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - - + + @@ -653259,24 +653261,24 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( vastus intermedius - + - + - + ISBN:0073040584 - + dbpedia @@ -653341,7 +653343,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + FMA:46900 SCTID:245175008 common tendon of quadriceps femoris @@ -653354,7 +653356,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0014848 tendon of quadriceps femoris - + @@ -653367,7 +653369,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + FMA @@ -653698,7 +653700,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + Leaflet of mitral valve which is attached to the posterior head of the lateral papillary muscle of left ventricle through the chorda tendinea of the left ventricle. FMA:7243 SCTID:244355000 @@ -653714,7 +653716,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0014855 posterior leaflet of mitral valve - + @@ -653727,7 +653729,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + FMA @@ -655467,21 +655469,21 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + In those cases in which the interilial region is broadly expanded and the pubis is extremely reduced, the anterior margin of the ischium forms an expanded area. AAO:0000881 uberon UBERON:0014898 lamina terminalis of ischium - + - + AAO @@ -655674,7 +655676,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + One of the primary blood vessel sprouts that originate from the dorsal aorta and posterior cardinal vein and align dorsoventrally at the myotomal boundaries between somites. Blood vessels that connect the dorsal aorta or the posterior cardinal vein and the dorsal longitudinal anastomotic vessel. They run along the vertical myotomal boundaries. At early stages these don't have venous or arterial markers[ZFA:0001285, ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-030908-4]. EFO:0003664 @@ -655692,7 +655694,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( intersomitic vessel - + @@ -655705,7 +655707,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + ZFA @@ -655824,6 +655826,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( + @@ -655958,7 +655961,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + The bend in the facial nerve at the lateral end of the internal acoustic meatus. first genu DHBA:12738 @@ -655982,7 +655985,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( genu of facial nerve - + @@ -655995,7 +655998,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + FMA @@ -656529,20 +656532,20 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + these layers primarily refer to the mammalian future neocortex uberon UBERON:0014950 layer of developing cerebral cortex - + - + EMAPA @@ -660023,7 +660026,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + @@ -660036,7 +660039,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0015062 bone condensation - + @@ -660049,7 +660052,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + AEO @@ -660077,21 +660080,21 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + An endochondral element that is part of a autopod region. uberon UBERON:0015063 autopod endochondral element - + - + cjm @@ -661488,7 +661491,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + @@ -661508,7 +661511,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( In the developed brain, the lamina terminalis remains as the thin rostral wall of the third ventricle, stretching from the bases of the major cerebral commissures (the anterior commissure, the commissure of the fornix, and the rostrum of the corpus callosum) to the dorsal surface of the optic chiasm[MGI:anna] lamina terminalis of cerebral hemisphere - + @@ -661521,7 +661524,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + FMA @@ -661923,7 +661926,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + consider merging into myocardial compact layer FMA:83105 perimysial connective tissue of subepicardium @@ -661932,14 +661935,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0015128 subepicardial layer of epicardium - + - + FMA @@ -662241,7 +662244,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + @@ -662257,14 +662260,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( infundibulum of gallbladder - + - + FMA @@ -662703,7 +662706,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + A gland that is typically found in or near the orbital region, in or around either the medial or lateral canthi, and is typically associated with secretions onto the eyeball or associated ducts. Includes the Harderian, nictitans and lacrimal glands. the only orbital gland found in anuran amphibians is either the Harderian or the lacrimal; if it is a lacrimal, then a progressive lateral migration of the lacrimal glands must occur through the amniotes[PMID:7559104] the only orbital gland found in anuran amphibians is the Harderian[PMID:8843648] @@ -662713,14 +662716,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0015152 gland of ocular region - + - + inferred @@ -662799,7 +662802,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + @@ -662817,14 +662820,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0015155 conjunctival space - + - + FMA @@ -662885,7 +662888,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + The middle temporal artery occasionally gives off a zygomatico-orbital branch, which runs along the upper border of the zygomatic arch, between the two layers of the temporal fascia, to the lateral angle of the orbit. This branch, which may arise directly from the superficial temporal artery, supplies the Orbicularis oculi, and anastomoses with the lacrimal and palpebral branches of the ophthalmic artery. FMA:49663 @@ -662898,14 +662901,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( zygomatico-orbital artery - + - + FMA @@ -662933,7 +662936,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + @@ -662946,14 +662949,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( The blood supply to the (Harderian) gland has been reported in greatest detail in the sparrow Passer domesticus (Slonaker, 1918), where it is derived through the ophthalmotemporal branch of the external ophthalmic artery http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7559104 ophthalmotemporal branch of external ophthalmic artery - + - + PMID:7559104 @@ -663043,7 +663046,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + @@ -663074,14 +663077,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0015161 inferior branch of oculomotor nerve - + - + AAO Wikipedia @@ -663659,7 +663662,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + @@ -663690,14 +663693,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( helicine artery of penis - + - + FMA @@ -664308,7 +664311,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + EMAPA:18593 FMA:53146 SCTID:310212002 @@ -664316,14 +664319,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0015216 nasal meatus - + - + EMAPA @@ -664645,7 +664648,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + The caudal, pulsatile region of the dorsal vessel of the arthropod circulatory system. FBbt has two terms that are both narrower than this, for adult heart, and embryonic/larval heart. FBbt:00003154 @@ -664657,14 +664660,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0015230 dorsal vessel heart - + - + FBbt @@ -664878,7 +664881,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + A cluster in the epithalamus that consists of the pineal body and any associated structures, such as the parapineal gland or the parietal organ. The complex is poorly developed in mammals. TAO:0001359 @@ -664887,14 +664890,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0015238 pineal complex - + - + ZFA @@ -664911,7 +664914,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + An unpaired left-sided accessory organ which plays a role in establishing lateral brain left right asymmetry[ZFA:0001360, ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-030206-1]. In lampreys and apparently in some fossil fish, the parapineal body and the pineal body (epiphysis) are a bilateral pair of structures rather than being located in series, one in front of the other. A pair of visual structures may have been the ancestral condition of this pineal complex (Weichert, 1970, p.622). The parapineal organs of lampreys, tadpoles, and lizards possess cells similar to rods and cones. Frogs possess a brow spot or frontal organ where ancestral pineal eye might have been (Weichert, 1970, p.622) @@ -664922,7 +664925,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0015241 parapineal organ - + @@ -664935,7 +664938,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + ZFA @@ -664962,7 +664965,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + @@ -664985,7 +664988,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0015243 lower part of vagina - + @@ -664998,7 +665001,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + EMAPA @@ -665038,7 +665041,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + @@ -665056,14 +665059,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0015244 accessory olfactory bulb granule cell layer - + - + MA @@ -665092,14 +665095,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + - + A spatially segregated cluster of sensory cells in the nasal cavity. EMAPA:35764 MA:0001327 @@ -665107,24 +665110,24 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0015245 septal olfactory organ - + - + - + NCBIBook:NBK55971 - + MA @@ -665206,7 +665209,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + @@ -665230,14 +665233,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0015247 bifurcation of trachea - + - + MA @@ -665310,8 +665313,8 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - - + + EMAPA:37610 MA:0003019 uberon @@ -665319,24 +665322,24 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0015250 inferior olivary commissure - + - + - + MA - + MA-modified @@ -665519,7 +665522,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + A basement membrane of epithelium that is part of a respiratory system. EMAPA:37570 MA:0001815 @@ -665527,14 +665530,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0015329 respiratory system basement membrane - + - + MA @@ -665743,8 +665746,8 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - - + + The segment of either hepatic duct located in the hilum of the liver. EMAPA:37599 MA:0002665 @@ -665755,11 +665758,11 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0015423 hilar portion of hepatic duct - + - + @@ -665772,13 +665775,13 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + MA - + located in or on the hilum, but not part of the liver @@ -665859,7 +665862,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + @@ -665876,14 +665879,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0015432 accessory olfactory bulb mitral cell layer - + - + MA @@ -665899,7 +665902,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + A thin layer of fibrous tissue capable of stretching and contracting. It is part of the tunica media of the blood vessels. in FMA this is classified as an acellular membrane, which is inconsistent with our classification as a tissue layer. Requires further investigation EMAPA:36302 @@ -665913,7 +665916,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0015433 blood vessel external elastic membrane - + @@ -665926,7 +665929,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + MA @@ -666515,7 +666518,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + The hepatic artery proper (also proper hepatic artery), arises from the common hepatic artery and runs alongside the portal vein and the common bile duct to form the portal triad. The hepatic artery proper gives off a small supraduodenal artery to the duodenal bulb. Then the right gastric artery comes off and runs to the left along the lesser curvature of the stomach to meet the left gastric artery, which is a branch of the celiac trunk. It subsequently gives off the cystic artery, which feeds the gallbladder, before bifurcating into the right and left hepatic arteries. Of note, the right and left hepatic arteries may demonstrate variant anatomy. A replaced right hepatic artery may arise from the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and a replaced left hepatic artery may arise from the left gastric artery. EMAPA:37217 @@ -666530,7 +666533,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( proper hepatic artery - + @@ -666543,7 +666546,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + FMA @@ -666580,13 +666583,13 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + - + @@ -666606,14 +666609,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( left hepatic artery - + - + FMA @@ -666658,13 +666661,13 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + - + @@ -666684,14 +666687,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( right hepatic artery - + - + FMA @@ -666852,7 +666855,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + The sural nerve (short saphenous nerve), formed by the junction of the medial sural cutaneous with the peroneal anastomotic branch of the lateral sural cutaneous nerve, passes downward near the lateral margin of the tendo calcaneus, lying close to the small saphenous vein, to the interval between the lateral malleolus and the calcaneus. It runs forward below the lateral malleolus, and is continued as the lateral dorsal cutaneous nerve along the lateral side of the foot and little toe (via a dorsal digital nerve), communicating on the dorsum of the foot with the intermediate dorsal cutaneous nerve, a branch of the superficial peroneal. In the leg, its branches communicate with those of the posterior femoral cutaneous. sural EMAPA:37757 @@ -666868,14 +666871,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0015488 sural nerve - + - + FMA @@ -668134,8 +668137,8 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - - + + Thin layer of cortex lying on the dorsal surface of the corpus callosum. It has been debated whether it is more related to the hippocampus or the olfactory bulb (Shipley et al., Olfactory System In Paxinos The Rat Nervous System, 2nd ed). DHBA:10304 DMBA:16147 @@ -668156,24 +668159,24 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0015793 induseum griseum - + - + - + MA - + FMA @@ -668697,7 +668700,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + A lamina propria that is part of a duodenum. EMAPA:27255 @@ -668711,14 +668714,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( duodenum lamina propria - + - + FMA @@ -669358,20 +669361,20 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + A dental pulp that is part of a narwhal tusk. uberon UBERON:0015853 dental pulp of median incisor tusk - + - + DOI:10.1002/ar.22886 @@ -670416,7 +670419,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + FMA:61082 NCIT:C32420 SCTID:362545007 @@ -670426,14 +670429,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0015885 cymba conchae of pinna - + - + FMA @@ -670450,7 +670453,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + The part of the nail plate that extends into the dermis (nail matrix). FMA:60128 NCIT:C33495 @@ -670461,14 +670464,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0015886 root of nail - + - + FMA @@ -671747,7 +671750,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + The circumference of the base of the glans forms a rounded projecting border, the corona of the glans penis, overhanging a deep retroglandular sulcus, behind which is the neck of the penis. FMA:19627 SCTID:362274002 @@ -671760,14 +671763,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( corona of glans penis - + - + FMA @@ -671798,7 +671801,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + FMA:19649 glans penile base uberon @@ -671806,14 +671809,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( base of glans penis - + - + FMA @@ -671888,7 +671891,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + FMA:24003 central part of body of vertebra uberon @@ -671896,14 +671899,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( central part of body of bony vertebral centrum - + - + FMA @@ -671956,7 +671959,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + Subdivision of thorax which is anterior to the plane of the posterior boundary of the middle mediastinum. FMA:24816 SCTID:182331006 @@ -671968,14 +671971,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( anterior chest - + - + FMA @@ -672063,21 +672066,21 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + FMA:29741 bony part of arch of vertebra uberon UBERON:0016419 bony part of vertebral arch - + - + FMA @@ -672245,7 +672248,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + The palmar branch of the median nerve is a branch of the median nerve which arises at the lower part of the forearm and innervates skin of proximal central palm and thenar eminence. does not pass through the carpal tunnel @@ -672262,14 +672265,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( palmar branch of median nerve - + - + FMA @@ -672977,7 +672980,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + The midline prominence of the nose, extending from the nasal root to the tip. FMA:59517 SCTID:368114008 @@ -672988,14 +672991,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( dorsum of nose - + - + FMA @@ -673023,8 +673026,8 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - - + + On the pinna, a curved prominence of cartilage, parallel with and in front of the helix, is called the antihelix, also known as the anthelix; this divides above into two crura, the crura antihelicis, between which is a triangular depression, the fossa triangularis. FMA:60995 NCIT:C32120 @@ -673040,24 +673043,24 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( antihelix - + - + - + FMA - + http://php.med.unsw.edu.au @@ -673097,8 +673100,8 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - - + + The antitragus is a feature of human ear anatomy. It is a small tubercle that points anteriorly. It is separated from the tragus by the intertragic notch. FMA:61001 NCIT:C32121 @@ -673111,24 +673114,24 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( antitragus - + - + - + FMA - + http://php.med.unsw.edu.au @@ -673551,7 +673554,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + A soft, thin film of food debris, mucin, and dead epithelial cells deposited on the teeth, providing the medium for the growth of various bacteria. The main inorganic components are calcium and phosphorus, with small amounts of magnesium, potassium, and sodium; the organic matrix consists of polysaccharides, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and other components. Plaque plays an important etiologic role in the development of dental caries and periodontal and gingival diseases and provides the base for the development of materia alba; calcified plaque forms dental calculus. BTO:0000338 MESH:D003773 @@ -673562,14 +673565,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0016482 dental plaque - + - + BTO @@ -673786,7 +673789,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + Skeletal element that functionally replaces the notochord[VSAP,modified]. Skeletal element that surrounds the notochord.[VSAO] the main cylindrical portion of the vertebra ventral to the vertebral canal @@ -673798,7 +673801,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0016491 vertebral centrum element - + @@ -673811,7 +673814,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + VSAO @@ -674071,7 +674074,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + @@ -674092,14 +674095,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0016498 intestinal-cloacal junction - + - + ZFA-modified @@ -674204,7 +674207,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + A muscularis mucosa that is part of a fundus of urinary bladder. EMAPA:28625 @@ -674213,14 +674216,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( muscularis mucosa of fundus of urinary bladder - + - + EMAPA @@ -674247,8 +674250,8 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - - + + A muscularis mucosa that is part of a fundus of stomach. EMAPA:27165 FMA:17278 @@ -674256,24 +674259,24 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0016501 muscularis mucosae of fundus of stomach - + - + - + FMA - + FMA @@ -674341,7 +674344,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + @@ -674357,7 +674360,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0016504 umbilical ring - + @@ -674370,7 +674373,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + EMAPA @@ -674947,7 +674950,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + A muscularis mucosa that is part of a jejunum. EMAPA:27121 @@ -674957,14 +674960,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( muscularis mucosae of jejunum - + - + FMA @@ -675982,18 +675985,18 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - - + + EHDAA2:0000566 uberon UBERON:0016547 lower foregut region endoderm - + - + @@ -676006,13 +676009,13 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + EHDAA2 - + EHDAA2 @@ -676424,8 +676427,8 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - - + + An acellular membrane in the vestibular labyrinth that is composed of the otoconial layer, gelatinous layer, and a subcupular meshwork. FMA:75570 otoconial-statoconial membrane @@ -676435,11 +676438,11 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( See https://sourceforge.net/p/obo/zebrafish-anatomy-zfa-term-requests/132/ statoconial membrane - + - + @@ -676452,13 +676455,13 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + MA-abduced - + Wikipedia @@ -676482,13 +676485,13 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + FMA:75588 uberon UBERON:0016568 gelatinous layer of statoconial membrane - + @@ -676501,7 +676504,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + FMA @@ -677025,7 +677028,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + FMA:68868 neuronames:1700 rexed lamina VII @@ -677038,7 +677041,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0016578 lamina VII of gray matter of spinal cord - + @@ -677051,7 +677054,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/1277 @@ -677100,7 +677103,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + FMA:68869 neuronames:1701 rexed lamina VIII @@ -677113,7 +677116,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0016579 lamina VIII of gray matter of spinal cord - + @@ -677126,7 +677129,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/1277 @@ -677753,7 +677756,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + FMA:18306 isthmus tubae uterinae @@ -677765,7 +677768,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( isthmus of fallopian tube - + @@ -677778,7 +677781,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + FMA @@ -678334,7 +678337,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + FMA:72580 neuronames:734 paramedian group (medullary reticular formation) @@ -678347,7 +678350,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0016826 paramedian medullary reticular complex - + @@ -678360,7 +678363,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + FMA @@ -678544,7 +678547,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + @@ -678563,14 +678566,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0016843 lateral nucleus of trapezoid body - + - + to be verified @@ -679830,7 +679833,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + The joint that is formed by the union of the humerus, the scapula (or shoulder blade), and the clavicle (or collarbone). Commonly thought of as a single joint, the shoulder is actually made up of two separate joints - the glenohumeral and acromioclavicular joints. MESH:D012785 SCTID:361835002 @@ -679839,14 +679842,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0016884 shoulder joint - + - + definitional @@ -679951,7 +679954,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + @@ -679974,7 +679977,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0016887 entire extraembryonic component - + @@ -679987,7 +679990,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + AEO @@ -680165,7 +680168,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + @@ -680182,14 +680185,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0016912 frenulum of upper lip - + - + FMA @@ -680235,7 +680238,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + @@ -680254,14 +680257,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0016913 frenulum of lower lip - + - + FMA @@ -680297,7 +680300,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + FMA:62921 NCIT:C32917 UMLS:C1167355 @@ -680307,7 +680310,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0016914 lamina lucida - + @@ -680320,7 +680323,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + FMA @@ -680486,7 +680489,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + FMA:13082 descending aortic arch descending limb of arch of aorta @@ -680495,14 +680498,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0016920 descending trunk of arch of aorta - + - + FMA @@ -680531,7 +680534,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + Area of aorta proximal to the ductus arteriosus. FMA:3774 SCTID:197773005 @@ -680540,14 +680543,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0016923 preductal region of aortic arch - + - + FMA @@ -680570,7 +680573,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + Area of aorta distal to the ductus arteriosus. FMA:3776 SCTID:197852003 @@ -680579,14 +680582,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0016924 postductal region of aortic arch - + - + FMA @@ -680609,7 +680612,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + Area of aorta at the area of insertion to the ductus arteriosus. FMA:3771 FMA:3778 @@ -680622,14 +680625,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0016925 juxtaductal region of aortic arch - + - + FMA @@ -681488,21 +681491,21 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + retractor lateralis m. retractor lateralis uberon UBERON:0017196 retractor lateralis muscle - + - + cjm @@ -681805,7 +681808,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + The portion of the teeth, occurring on the lingual or palatal aspects, that forms a convex protuberance at the cervical third of the anatomic crown. It represents the lingual or palatal developmental lobe of these teeth. FMA has no definition but places this generically with upper, lower, canine, incisor subclasses. Wiktionary states cingulum is lower jaw molar only, and cingulid is upper molar only FMA:56731 @@ -681818,14 +681821,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0017295 cingulum of tooth - + - + FMA @@ -682924,7 +682927,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + A paired dural venous sinus at the rim of the foramen magnum. EHDAA2:0001064 @@ -682937,7 +682940,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( marginal venous sinus - + @@ -682950,7 +682953,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + EHDAA2 @@ -682978,7 +682981,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + The primitive marginal sinuses (PMS) are embryonic sinuses forming the later superior sagittal sinus. EHDAA2:0001514 uberon @@ -682986,14 +682989,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0017638 primitive marginal sinus - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -683059,7 +683062,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + Branch of spinal nerve that innervates the structures of the vertebral column. FMA:5988 @@ -683074,14 +683077,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( meningeal branch of spinal nerve - + - + FMA @@ -683786,7 +683789,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + A raised fleshy area on the palm of the hand near the base of the thumb. FMA:61520 SCTID:362748007 @@ -683797,14 +683800,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( thenar eminence - + - + FMA @@ -683826,7 +683829,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + Hypothenar refers to a group of three muscles of the palm that control the motion of the little finger. The three muscles are: Abductor digiti minimi Flexor digiti minimi Opponens digiti minimi. FMA:61523 SCTID:362749004 @@ -683837,14 +683840,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( hypothenar eminence - + - + FMA @@ -684236,7 +684239,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + The thinner portion of the muscle of the palatopharyngeal arch, originating in the region of the midline where its fibers interdigitate with the contralateral partner, then passing posterior to the levator veli palatini muscle to join the longitudinal layer of pharyngeal musculature; acts as a sort of sphincter, reducing the caliber of the isthmus of fauces at the palatopharyngeal arch. FMA:46684 SCTID:244801005 @@ -684249,14 +684252,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0018103 posterior fascicle of palatopharyngeus - + - + FMA @@ -685724,7 +685727,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + The lateral limit of each lateral part of the oral fissure. FMA:77269 MFMO:0000145 @@ -685737,14 +685740,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( angle of oral opening https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/1795 - + - + MFMO-modified @@ -685861,7 +685864,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + A small, triangular, flaccid portion of the tympanic membrane, or eardrum, lying above the malleolar folds, attached directly to the petrous bone at the notch of Rivinus. Size varies across mammals, with the sheep pars flaccida larger than the human FMA:56721 @@ -685876,14 +685879,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0018152 pars flaccida of tympanic membrane - + - + FMA @@ -685938,7 +685941,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + FMA:56722 SCTID:362555006 pars tensa (membrana tympanica) @@ -685947,14 +685950,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0018153 pars tensa of tympanic membrane - + - + FMA @@ -686153,7 +686156,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + FMA:52771 SCTID:368922002 folian process @@ -686164,14 +686167,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0018160 anterior process of malleus - + - + FMA @@ -686804,8 +686807,8 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - - + + A sensory tract originating in the spinal cord responsible for transmitting fine touch, vibration and conscious proprioceptive information from the body to the cerebral cortex. The components include the fasciculus gracilis and fasciculus cuneatus. DMBA:17759 Wikipedia:Posterior_column-medial_lemniscus_pathway @@ -686825,24 +686828,24 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0018237 dorsal column-medial lemniscus pathway - + - + - + ISBN:978-1-4615-0037-7 - + Wikipedia @@ -687025,7 +687028,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + @@ -687050,14 +687053,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0018240 panniculus carnosus muscle - + - + FFED:cw @@ -687211,7 +687214,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + A vein that supplies blood to the thymus. FMA:10647 @@ -687225,14 +687228,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( The arteries supplying the thymus are derived from the internal thoracic artery, and from the superior thyroid artery and inferior thyroids.[WP] thymic artery - + - + FMA @@ -687552,7 +687555,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + @@ -687569,14 +687572,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( skeletal musculature - + - + MA @@ -687935,7 +687938,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + The anterior or rostral end of the zygomatic arch, which includes the temporal process of the zygomatic bone, but also including some of the body of the zygomatic bone. It may also include the zygomatico-temporal suture and the most rostral portion of the zygomatic process of the temporal bone. requires definition see https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/492 MFMO:0000109 @@ -687943,14 +687946,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0018265 anterior root of zygomatic arch - + - + MFMO @@ -690949,7 +690952,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + A unit of the tectoral membrane that is shaped like string of flat, pearls. Modified from Manley, Fey and Popper 2008 . @@ -690957,14 +690960,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0018374 sallet - + - + ISBN:9780387714691 @@ -691533,7 +691536,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + The posterior superior alveolar artery (posterior dental artery) is given off from the maxillary, frequently in conjunction with the infraorbital just as the trunk of the vessel is passing into the pterygopalatine fossa. FMA:49757 @@ -691544,14 +691547,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( posterior superior alveolar artery - + - + FMA @@ -691590,7 +691593,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + FMA:52930 SCTID:280235006 SCTID:280239000 @@ -691599,14 +691602,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0018398 superior alveolar nerve - + - + FMA @@ -691669,7 +691672,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + FMA:53243 SCTID:280261005 inferior dental nerve @@ -691677,14 +691680,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0018405 inferior alveolar nerve - + - + FMA @@ -691718,7 +691721,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + Mental nerve is a general somatic afferent (sensory) nerve which provides sensation to the anterior aspects of the chin and lower lip as well as the buccal gingivae of the mandibular anterior teeth and the premolars. It is a branch of the posterior trunk of the inferior alveolar nerve, which is itself a branch of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (CN V). The nerve emerges at the mental foramen in the mandibula, and divides beneath the Depressor anguli oris muscle into three branches: one descends to the skin of the chin. two ascend to the skin and mucous membrane of the lower lip. These branches communicate freely with the facial nerve. FMA:53250 SCTID:280138001 @@ -691727,14 +691730,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0018406 mental nerve - + - + FMA @@ -693039,8 +693042,8 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - - + + Region where blood progenitor markers are expressed. Probable site of definitive hematopoiesis between 36hpf and 4dpf. EFO:0003699 TAO:0005028 @@ -693054,11 +693057,11 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0018549 ventral wall of dorsal aorta - + - + @@ -693071,13 +693074,13 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + ZFA - + ZFA @@ -695494,7 +695497,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + The peristomium is the second body segment in an annelid worm's body in the anterior end. It is directly behind the prostomium and contains the mouth, tentacular cirri, and sometimes feeding palps, which may instead occur on the prostomium. If an eversible pharynx is present, it is contained in this segment as well, and can fill up to 20 segments when inverted, depending on the species. peristomium Wikipedia:Peristomium @@ -695502,14 +695505,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0018650 annelid peristomium - + - + Wikipedia @@ -696127,7 +696130,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + Thoracic splanchnic nerves are splanchnic nerves that arise from the sympathetic trunk in the thorax and travel inferiorly to provide sympathetic innervation to the abdomen. The nerves contain preganglionic sympathetic and general visceral afferent fibers. FMA:6280 @@ -696137,14 +696140,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( thoracic splanchnic nerve - + - + FMA @@ -696832,7 +696835,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + @@ -696869,14 +696872,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0019197 dorsal nerve of penis - + - + FMA @@ -696941,7 +696944,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + @@ -696964,14 +696967,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0019198 dorsal nerve of clitoris - + - + FMA @@ -697000,21 +697003,21 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + SCTID:182332004 side of chest uberon UBERON:0019199 lateral side of chest - + - + FMA @@ -698578,7 +698581,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + A fiber pathway in the cerebral white matter that connects anterior portions of the temporal lobe with the inferior frontal gyrus and the middle frontal gyrus. It is not readily distinguished in myelin-stained cross-sections (adapted from Brain Info). HBA:9284 NLX:98733 @@ -698588,14 +698591,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0019275 uncinate fasciculus of the forebrain - + - + HBA @@ -698617,7 +698620,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + BIRNLEX:1447 DHBA:12130 @@ -698627,14 +698630,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( inferior rostral gyrus - + - + DHBA @@ -698644,7 +698647,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + BIRNLEX:1311 DHBA:12129 @@ -698655,14 +698658,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( superior rostral gyrus - + - + DHBA @@ -698678,7 +698681,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + DHBA:146034876 uberon @@ -698686,14 +698689,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( rostral gyrus - + - + DHBA @@ -698714,7 +698717,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + DHBA:12064 FMA:62439 @@ -698725,7 +698728,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0019283 lateral longitudinal stria - + @@ -698738,7 +698741,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + FMA @@ -698820,7 +698823,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + DMBA:15965 EMAPA:35107 MA:0002932 @@ -698829,14 +698832,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0019289 accessory olfactory bulb external plexiform layer - + - + MA @@ -698852,7 +698855,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + DMBA:15962 EMAPA:35110 MA:0002934 @@ -698861,14 +698864,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0019290 accessory olfactory bulb internal plexiform layer - + - + MA @@ -699247,7 +699250,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + A group of cells located between the lateral septal nucleus and the anterior commissure in the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ). Some authors regard it as part of the lateral septal nucleus ( Swanson-1998 ). DHBA:13033 DMBA:15761 @@ -699257,14 +699260,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0019308 septohypothalamic nucleus - + - + DHBA @@ -699419,7 +699422,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + DHBA:12649 HBA:9551 neuronames:1118 @@ -699427,14 +699430,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0019314 epifascicular nucleus - + - + HBA @@ -699926,7 +699929,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + EMAPA:35694 MA:0002928 MBA:780 @@ -699935,14 +699938,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0022229 posterior amygdaloid nucleus - + - + MA @@ -699958,7 +699961,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + EMAPA:35745 MA:0000920 MBA:822 @@ -699968,14 +699971,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0022230 retrohippocampal region - + - + ABA @@ -699991,7 +699994,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + @@ -700004,14 +700007,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0022232 secondary visual cortex - + - + cjm @@ -700022,8 +700025,8 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - - + + DHBA:12066 FMA:67956 HBA:265505202 @@ -700045,11 +700048,11 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0022234 medial longitudinal stria - + - + @@ -700062,13 +700065,13 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + FMA - + HBA @@ -700224,7 +700227,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + DHBA:266441633 FMA:62074 @@ -700239,14 +700242,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0022237 anterior thalamic peduncle - + - + HBA @@ -700494,7 +700497,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + The superior longitudinal fasciculus (also called the superior longitudinal fascicle or SLF) is a pair of long bi-directional bundles of neurons connecting the front and the back of the cerebrum. Each association fiber bundle is lateral to the centrum ovale of a cerebral hemisphere and connects the frontal, occipital, parietal, and temporal lobes. The neurons pass from the frontal lobe through the operculum to the posterior end of the lateral sulcus where numerous neurons radiate into the occipital lobe and other neurons turn downward and forward around the putamen and radiate to anterior portions of the temporal lobe. DHBA:10592 FMA:77631 @@ -700507,14 +700510,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0022246 superior longitudinal fasciculus - + - + HBA @@ -700536,21 +700539,21 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + DHBA:10568 uberon FIFT UBERON:0022247 forebrain ipsilateral fiber tracts - + - + DHBA @@ -700698,7 +700701,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + The precentral sulcus lies parallel to, and in front of, the central sulcus. (A sulcus is one of the prominent grooves on the surface of the human brain. ) The precentral sulcus divides the inferior, middle, and superior frontal gyri from the precentral gyrus. In the majority of brains, the precentral sulcus is divided into two parts: the inferior precentral sulcus and the superior precentral sulcus. However, the precentral sulcus may also be divided into three parts or form one continuous sulcus. DHBA:10628 FMA:83800 @@ -700710,7 +700713,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0022252 precentral sulcus - + @@ -700723,7 +700726,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + HBA @@ -700756,7 +700759,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + The thalamic fasciculus is a component of the subthalamus. It is sometimes considered synonymous with 'field H1 of Forel'. Nerve fibres forming a composite bundle containing cerebellothalamic (crossed) and pallidothalamic (uncrossed) fibres that is insinuated between the thalamus and zona incerta. The thalamic fasciculus consists of the joint fibers of the ansa lenticularis and the lenticular fasciculus, coming from different portions of the medial globus pallidus, before they jointly enter the ventral lateral nucleus of the thalamus. DHBA:10593 FMA:62065 @@ -700784,14 +700787,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0022254 ventral thalamic fasciculus - + - + DHBA @@ -700921,7 +700924,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + @@ -700949,14 +700952,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0022256 subthalamic fasciculus - + - + DHBA @@ -700991,7 +700994,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + DHBA:12648 FMA:77099 HBA:9548 @@ -701000,14 +701003,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0022258 endolemniscal nucleus - + - + HBA @@ -701087,7 +701090,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + The acoustic radiations or auditory radiations are structures found in the brain, in the ventral cochlear pathway, a part of the auditory system. Lesions to the auditory radiations could be a cause of cortical deafness. DHBA:266441583 FMA:62413 @@ -701104,7 +701107,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0022262 auditory radiation - + @@ -701117,7 +701120,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + DHBA @@ -701170,7 +701173,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + The optic radiation (also known as the geniculo-calcarine tract or as the geniculostriate pathway) is a collection of axons from relay neurons in the lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus carrying visual information to the visual cortex (also called striate cortex) along the calcarine fissure. There is one such tract on each side of the brain. DHBA:266441621 @@ -701196,7 +701199,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/brain-female/v1.4/assets/3d-allen-f-brain.glb https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/brain-male/v1.4/assets/3d-allen-m-brain.glb - + @@ -701209,7 +701212,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + DHBA @@ -701285,7 +701288,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + The planum temporale is the cortical area just posterior to the auditory cortex within the Sylvian fissure. It is a triangular region which forms the heart of Wernicke's area, one of the most important functional areas for language. The planum temporale shows a significant asymmetry. In 65% of all individuals the left planum temporale appears to be more developed, while the right planum temporale is more developed in only 10%. In some peoplebs brains, the planum temporale is more than five times larger on the left than on the right, making it the most asymmetrical structure in the brain. This greater size of the left planum temporale compared with the right is already present in the foetus, where it can be observed starting from the 31st week of gestation. This observation strengthens the hypothesis of a genetic predisposition for brain asymmetry. @@ -701301,14 +701304,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/brain-female/v1.4/assets/3d-allen-f-brain.glb https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/brain-male/v1.4/assets/3d-allen-m-brain.glb - + - + HBA @@ -701333,7 +701336,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + Corticopontine fibers, commonly referred to as corticobulbar fibers, are projections from the cerebral cortex to the pontine nuclei. Depending upon the lobe of origin, they can be classified as frontopontine fibers, parietopontine fibers, temporopontine fibers and occipitopontine fibers. They are motor fibers that stretch from the precentral gyrus (motor strip) to the nuclei of cranial nerves V (trigenimal), VII (facial) and XII (hypoglossal). These fibers run alongside the corticospinal fibers. DHBA:266441721 FMA:75190 @@ -701355,14 +701358,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0022271 corticopontine fibers - + - + HBA @@ -701433,7 +701436,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + @@ -701460,14 +701463,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0022272 corticobulbar tract - + - + HBA @@ -701676,7 +701679,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + The splenic (or left colic) flexure is a sharp bend between the transverse and the descending colon in the left upper quadrant of humans. The left colic flexure is near the spleen, and hence called the splenic flexure. There are two colic flexures in the transverse colon &mdash; the other being the hepatic flexure in the right upper quadrant. FMA:14551 @@ -701696,14 +701699,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/large-intestine-female/v1.3/assets/3d-sbu-f-large-intestine.glb https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/large-intestine-male/v1.3/assets/3d-sbu-m-large-intestine.glb - + - + Wikipedia @@ -701777,7 +701780,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + Hepatic (or the right colic) flexure is the sharp bend between the ascending and the transverse colon. The right colic flexure is adjacent to the liver, and is therefore also known as the hepatic flexure. Thus, the left colic flexure is also known as the splenic flexure (as it is close to the spleen). The hepatic flexure lies in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen in humans. FMA:14550 @@ -701797,14 +701800,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/large-intestine-female/v1.3/assets/3d-sbu-f-large-intestine.glb https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/large-intestine-male/v1.3/assets/3d-sbu-m-large-intestine.glb - + - + Wikipedia @@ -702280,7 +702283,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + @@ -702296,14 +702299,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0022287 tear film - + - + primarily aqueous layer @@ -702492,7 +702495,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + A nerve that innervates a lower eyelid and is a branch of the infra-orbital branch of the maxillary nerve. @@ -702503,7 +702506,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0022296 inferior palpebral branch of infra-orbital nerve - + @@ -702519,7 +702522,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + FMA @@ -702541,7 +702544,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + @@ -702557,7 +702560,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0022297 palpebral branch of infra-orbital nerve - + @@ -702573,7 +702576,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + FMA @@ -702660,8 +702663,8 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - - + + A branch of the ophthalmic nerve that serves to supply the mucous membrane of the nose, the tip of the nose, and the conjunctiva. BTO:0001452 @@ -702678,24 +702681,24 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( nasociliary nerve - + - + - + BTO - + FMA @@ -703011,8 +703014,8 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - - + + Note that in some lamination schemes, more particularly so in primates, this layer is referred to as layer IV thus resulting in some confusion when compared to the present scheme where the lamina dissecans is referred to layer IV[DOI:10.1155/2008/381243] NLX:144263 uberon @@ -703021,24 +703024,24 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0022315 primary motor cortex layer 5 - + - + - + nlx - + nlx @@ -703060,8 +703063,8 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - - + + NLX:144264 uberon primary motor cortex lamina 6 @@ -703070,24 +703073,24 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0022316 primary motor cortex layer 6 - + - + - + nlx - + nlx @@ -703127,7 +703130,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + @@ -703154,14 +703157,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0022317 olfactory cortex layer 1 - + - + nlx @@ -703201,7 +703204,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + @@ -703221,14 +703224,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0022318 olfactory cortex layer 2 - + - + nlx @@ -703335,7 +703338,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + @@ -703361,14 +703364,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( This layer is better developed in the medial entorhinal cortex although species differences are apparent[DOI:10.1155/2008/381243] entorhinal cortex layer 4 - + - + nlx @@ -703427,7 +703430,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + @@ -703448,14 +703451,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( entorhinal cortex layer 5 - + - + nlx @@ -703478,7 +703481,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + NLX:89 uberon MoC @@ -703486,7 +703489,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0022326 molecular layer of dorsal cochlear nucleus - + @@ -703499,7 +703502,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + nlx @@ -703533,7 +703536,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + @@ -703560,14 +703563,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( entorhinal cortex layer 3 - + - + nlx @@ -703625,7 +703628,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + @@ -703648,14 +703651,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( This layer is delineated by the white matter, multiple layers can be distinguished, more in particular in primates[DOI:10.1155/2008/381243] entorhinal cortex layer 6 - + - + nlx @@ -703696,7 +703699,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + @@ -703724,14 +703727,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( entorhinal cortex layer 1 - + - + nlx @@ -703803,7 +703806,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + @@ -703827,14 +703830,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0022337 entorhinal cortex layer 2 - + - + nlx @@ -703881,7 +703884,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + Superficial region of layer 2 of the piriform cortex characterized by a less dense packing of cells and a concentration of semilunar cell bodies. NLXANAT:091007 uberon @@ -703892,7 +703895,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( piriform cortex layer 2a - + @@ -703905,7 +703908,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + nlx @@ -703940,7 +703943,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + Deeper of two subdivisions of piriform layer 2 characterized by more densely packed cell bodies dominated by pyramidal cell bodies. NLXANAT:091008 uberon @@ -703948,7 +703951,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( piriform cortex layer 2b - + @@ -703961,7 +703964,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + nlx @@ -703977,7 +703980,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + FMA:277810 NLXANAT:1008003 uberon @@ -703986,14 +703989,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0022346 dentate gyrus molecular layer middle - + - + nlx @@ -704015,7 +704018,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + Inner third of the dentate gyrus. FMA:277812 NLXANAT:1008004 @@ -704025,14 +704028,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0022347 dentate gyrus molecular layer inner - + - + nlx @@ -704060,7 +704063,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + NLXANAT:1008005 uberon enclosed blade of stratum granulare @@ -704071,14 +704074,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0022348 dentate gyrus granule cell layer inner blade - + - + nlx @@ -704118,7 +704121,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + NLXANAT:1008006 uberon exposed blade of stratum granulare @@ -704129,14 +704132,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0022349 dentate gyrus granule cell layer outer blade - + - + nlx @@ -704292,7 +704295,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + Component of the orbtial frontal cortex. The rostral boundary is the first slice where the medial orbital gyrus became visible whereas the caudal boundary is the disappearance of the medial orbital gyrus/gyrus rectus. The medial and lateral boundaries are the cingulate cortex on the u2018inflatedu2019 surface and the medial bank of the superior frontal gyrus (or the cingulate gyrus when visible) respectively (Christine Fennema-Notestine). frontal medial cortex @@ -704303,14 +704306,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0022352 medial orbital frontal cortex - + - + NIFSTD @@ -704344,7 +704347,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + Component of the cingulate cortex. The rostral and caudal extent were the caudal anterior and the isthmus divisions of the cingulate cortex respectively. The medial and lateral boundaries were the corpus callosum and as the superior frontal gyrus and/or paracentral lobule respectively (Christine Fennema-Notestine). check relationship to gyrus. See https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/626 posterior cingulate @@ -704359,14 +704362,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0022353 posterior cingulate cortex - + - + NIFSTD @@ -704952,8 +704955,8 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - - + + DHBA:146034872 FMA:71037 @@ -704964,24 +704967,24 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( paracingulate gyrus - + - + - + FMA - + DHBA @@ -705022,7 +705025,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + The second order neuron fibers of the corticopontocerebellar tracts that cross to the other side of the pons and run within the middle cerebellar peduncles, from the pons to the contralateral cerebellum. DHBA:12769 HBA:265505470 @@ -705038,14 +705041,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0022421 pontocerebellar tract - + - + DHBA @@ -705153,7 +705156,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + A group of neurons embedded in the pontine central gray of the pontine tegmentum. Located dorsal to the internal genu of the facial nerve, it is found in the human ( Paxinos-2012 ), the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), the rat ( Swanson-2004 ), and the mouse ( Franklin-2008 ). Functionally it is part of the dorsal pontine gray of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ). DHBA:12662 DMBA:17190 @@ -705164,14 +705167,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0022424 supragenual nucleus of pontine tegmentum - + - + DHBA Neuronames-def @@ -705201,7 +705204,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + DHBA:15541 @@ -705211,14 +705214,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0022425 anterior corona radiata - + - + DHBA @@ -705247,7 +705250,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + DHBA:15542 superior portion of corona radiata @@ -705256,14 +705259,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0022426 superior corona radiata - + - + DHBA @@ -705286,7 +705289,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + DHBA:15543 posterior portion of corona radiata @@ -705295,14 +705298,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0022427 posterior corona radiata - + - + DHBA @@ -705495,7 +705498,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + Part of the superior olivary complex of nuclei in the caudal pontine tegmentum, situated within the trapezoid body in humans. (Brodal, Neurological Anatomy, 3rd edition, 1981, pg 617). In many species, it comprises a medial superior olivary nucleus and a lateral superior olivary nucleus. Wikipedia includes Medial nucleus of the trapezoid body. Wikipedia:Superior_olivary_complex#Primary_nuclei many sources refer to this simply as the 'superior olive' or the 'superior olivary nucleus'. However, this is confusing as superior olive is sometimes used to denote the full SOC, which includes periolvary nuclei[https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/631] @@ -705510,14 +705513,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0022434 primary superior olive - + - + NIFSTD @@ -705540,7 +705543,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + nuclei periolivares peri-olivary nuclei DHBA:15561 @@ -705553,14 +705556,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0022437 dorsal periolivary nucleus - + - + Wikipedia @@ -705596,7 +705599,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + Component of the cingulate cortex. The rostral boundary was the first appearance of the cingulate sulcus (inferior to the superior frontal sulcus) whereas the caudal boundary was the first appearance of the genu of the corpus callosum. The medial boundary was the medial aspect of the cortex. The supero-lateral boundary was the superior frontal gyrus whereas the infero-lateral boundary was defined as the medial division of the orbitofrontal gyrus (Christine Fennema-Notestine). BIRNLEX:975 rostral anterior cingulate cortex @@ -705604,14 +705607,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0022438 rostral anterior cingulate cortex - + - + NIFSTD @@ -705634,7 +705637,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + A part of the entorhinal area defined on the basis of connectivity. It is the rostral portion, which receives a projection from the olfactory bulb (Price-90)-Adapted from Brain Info. BIRNLEX:2705 neuronames:2274 @@ -705643,14 +705646,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0022453 olfactory entorhinal cortex - + - + NIFSTD @@ -705673,7 +705676,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + A group of structures defined by connectivity, namely, structures that receive axons from the olfactory bulb. They include the anterior olfactory nucleus, the anterior perforated substance, the rostral part of the medial amygdaloid nucleus (anterior cortical nucleus of amygdala), and structures in the anterior part of the parahippocampal gyrus, namely, the prepyriform area, most of the periamygdaloid area, and the rostral part of the entorhinal area (Price-90). Note that some authors have regarded the olfactory bulb itself as the primary olfactory area and the areas to which it projects as secondary (Anthoney-94). In the mouse (Dong-2004) and the rat (Swanson-2004), olfactory areas include the olfactory bulb, accessory olfactory bulb, anterior olfactory nucleus, tenia tecta, prepyriform area, postpiriform transition area, piriform amygdaloid area, nucleus of lateral olfactory tract, and cortical amygdaloid area. BIRNLEX:2706 uberon @@ -705681,14 +705684,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0022469 primary olfactory cortex - + - + NIFSTD @@ -705742,7 +705745,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + Component of the parietal lobe. The rostral boundary of the pericalcarine cortex was the first appearance of the calcarine sulcus whereas the caudal boundary was the most posterior coronal slice where the calcarine sulcus was visualized. The medial and lateral boundaries were the medial portion of the temporal and occipital cortices and the inferomedial end of the calcarine sulcus respectively (Christine Fennema-Notestine). BIRNLEX:1059 pericalcarine cortex @@ -705750,14 +705753,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0022534 pericalcarine cortex - + - + NIFSTD @@ -705915,7 +705918,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + BIRNLEX:1176 UMLS:C0228391 neuronames:461 @@ -705924,14 +705927,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0022649 habenulo-interpeduncular tract of diencephalon - + - + ZFA @@ -706048,7 +706051,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + BIRNLEX:1223 UMLS:C0152301 orbital gyri complex @@ -706057,14 +706060,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0022695 orbital gyri complex - + - + NIFSTD @@ -706107,7 +706110,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + Component of the orbtial frontal cortex The rostral boundary is the first slice where the lateral orbital gyrus is apparent with the frontomarginal sulcus whereas the caudal boundary is the disappearance of the lateral orbital gyrus. The medial and lateral boundaries are the midpoint of the olfactory sulcus and the lateral bank of the lateral orbital sulcus and/or the circular insular sulcus respectively (Christine Fennema-Notestine). BIRNLEX:1244 lateral orbital frontal cortex @@ -706115,14 +706118,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0022716 lateral orbital frontal cortex - + - + NIFSTD @@ -706145,7 +706148,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + BIRNLEX:1258 transverse frontopolar gyri complex uberon @@ -706153,14 +706156,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0022730 transverse frontopolar gyri complex - + - + NIFSTD @@ -706551,7 +706554,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + The reticulospinal tract (or anterior reticulospinal tract) is an extrapyramidal motor tract which travels from the reticular formation. BIRNLEX:1471 UMLS:C0175558 @@ -706562,7 +706565,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0022943 reticulospinal tract - + @@ -706575,7 +706578,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + NIFSTD @@ -706838,7 +706841,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + BIRNLEX:1622 HBA:4447 neuronames:851 @@ -706849,14 +706852,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0023094 posterodorsal nucleus of medial geniculate body - + - + NIFSTD @@ -707061,7 +707064,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + BIRNLEX:2649 FMA:72610 UMLS:C0175539 @@ -707072,14 +707075,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0023378 medullary anterior horn - + - + FMA @@ -707104,7 +707107,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + BIRNLEX:2662 HBA:9661 UMLS:C0175521 @@ -707119,14 +707122,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0023390 medial subnucleus of solitary tract - + - + NIFSTD @@ -707770,7 +707773,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + @@ -707790,14 +707793,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0023740 habenulo-interpeduncular tract of midbrain - + - + NIFSTD @@ -707815,7 +707818,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + BIRNLEX:906 UMLS:C0175321 intermediate part of hypophysis @@ -707827,14 +707830,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0023752 intermediate part of hypophysis - + - + NIFSTD @@ -707895,7 +707898,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + A composite structure of the temporal lobe that includes the subiculum, the presubiculum and the parasubicular area (Amaral-90). BIRNLEX:944 @@ -707907,14 +707910,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( subicular complex - + - + NIFSTD @@ -708093,7 +708096,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + An area of the brain that locates at the interception of temporal and parietal cortices (at the posterior end of the Sylvian fissure). NLX:144255 temporoparietal junction @@ -708101,14 +708104,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0023852 temporoparietal junction - + - + NIFSTD @@ -708156,7 +708159,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + NLX:144265 primary somatosensory cortex lamina VI uberon @@ -708164,14 +708167,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0023859 primary somatosensory cortex layer 6 - + - + NIFSTD @@ -708193,7 +708196,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + A portion of the superior temporal gyrus near the temporal pole in the human. HBA:4177 @@ -708207,14 +708210,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/brain-female/v1.4/assets/3d-allen-f-brain.glb https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/brain-male/v1.4/assets/3d-allen-m-brain.glb - + - + NIFSTD @@ -708262,21 +708265,21 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + NLX:22533 medial ventral tegmental area uberon UBERON:0023865 medial ventral tegmental area - + - + NIFSTD @@ -708292,8 +708295,8 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - - + + Part of olfactory tubercle defined by dense aggregations of granule cells. NLX:50741 islands of calleja of olfactory tubercle @@ -708302,24 +708305,24 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0023867 islands of Calleja of olfactory tubercle - + - + - + NIFSTD - + NIFSTD @@ -708347,7 +708350,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + Regional part of telencephalon; the most prominent of the islands of Calleja located medially in the nucleus accumbens (adapted from Braininfo.org). DHBA:10359 MBA:489 @@ -708361,14 +708364,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0023868 isla magna of Calleja - + - + NIFSTD @@ -708470,7 +708473,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + Superficial part of plexiform layer (layer 1) of piriform cortex that receives afferents from the olfactory bulb by way of the lateral olfactory tract. NLXANAT:091004 piriform cortex layer 1a @@ -708478,14 +708481,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0023900 piriform cortex layer 1a - + - + NIFSTD @@ -708508,7 +708511,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + Deeper part of the plexiform (layer 1) of piriform cortex characterized by projection of association fibers from other parts of the piriform cortex and other olfactory areas. NLXANAT:091005 piriform cortex layer 1b @@ -708516,14 +708519,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0023901 piriform cortex layer 1b - + - + NIFSTD @@ -708956,7 +708959,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + Part of bed nucleus of stria terminalis, comprising a distinct, large, egg-shaped collection of neurons that, together with the juxtacapsular (Ju) and rhomboid (Rh) nuclei, encompass the anterolateral area of the BST (Ju and Swanson, 1989). NLXANAT:1005035 bed nuclei of the stria terminalis oval nucleus @@ -708964,14 +708967,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0023958 bed nuclei of the stria terminalis oval nucleus - + - + NIFSTD @@ -708993,7 +708996,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + Central cervical spinocerebellar tract. NLXANAT:1010018 central cervical spinocerebellar tract @@ -709001,14 +709004,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0023983 central cervical spinocerebellar tract - + - + NIFSTD @@ -709030,7 +709033,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + Originates from cells rostral to Clarke's column and sends uncrossed axons through the lateral funiculus to the cerebellum. It reaches the cerebellum partly through the brachium conjunctivum and partly through the restiform body, terminating bilaterally in the anterior lobe of the cerebellum. NLXANAT:1010019 rostral spinocerebellar tract @@ -709038,14 +709041,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0023984 rostral spinocerebellar tract - + - + NIFSTD @@ -709434,21 +709437,21 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + NLXANAT:20081247 rostral portion of the medial accessory olive uberon UBERON:0024043 rostral portion of the medial accessory olive - + - + NIFSTD @@ -709600,7 +709603,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + Posterior division of the supraoptic nucleus, formed by the ascension of the optic tract splitting the nucleus into two regions. The tuberal SON lies along the posterior tuber cinereum of the hypothalamus. In some species, some neurons lie under the optic chiasm. NLXANAT:20090311 tuberal supraoptic nucleus @@ -709609,14 +709612,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0024079 tuberal supraoptic nucleus - + - + NIFSTD @@ -709708,7 +709711,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + The basis pontis is the anterior portion of the pons. NLXANAT:20090704 Wikipedia:Basilar_part_of_pons @@ -709717,14 +709720,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0024110 basis pontis - + - + NIFSTD @@ -709883,7 +709886,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + BIRNLEX:1064 FMA:274414 neuronames:842 @@ -709892,14 +709895,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0024183 inferior transverse frontopolar gyrus - + - + NIFSTD @@ -709926,7 +709929,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + BIRNLEX:1074 neuronames:823 medial transverse frontopolar gyrus @@ -709934,14 +709937,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0024193 medial transverse frontopolar gyrus - + - + NIFSTD @@ -709958,7 +709961,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + BIRNLEX:1082 FMA:274408 neuronames:1 @@ -709967,14 +709970,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0024201 superior transverse frontopolar gyrus - + - + NIFSTD @@ -710752,14 +710755,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + BIRNLEX:1789 left sub-lobar region uberon UBERON:0024900 left sub-lobar region - + @@ -710772,7 +710775,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + NIFSTD @@ -710789,14 +710792,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + BIRNLEX:1790 right sub-lobar region uberon UBERON:0024901 right sub-lobar region - + @@ -710809,7 +710812,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + NIFSTD @@ -712135,7 +712138,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + NLXANAT:20081237 paravermis parts of the cerebellar cortex uberon @@ -712143,14 +712146,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0025677 paravermis parts of the cerebellar cortex - + - + cjm @@ -713926,8 +713929,8 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - - + + A superficial feature of the parietal lobe. It is the portion of the superior temporal sulcus that extends into the angular gyrus (Ono-90). (NN). BIRNLEX:4012 HBA:9384 @@ -713937,24 +713940,24 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0026725 angular sulcus - + - + - + NIFSTD - + NIFSTD @@ -714458,7 +714461,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + lateral eminence BIRNLEX:994 UMLS:C0262266 @@ -714468,14 +714471,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0027109 lateral eminence of hypophysis - + - + NIFSTD @@ -714792,7 +714795,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + consider merging DHBA:12384 @@ -714804,14 +714807,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( paravermis lobule area - + - + NIFSTD @@ -715168,7 +715171,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + BIRNLEX:1130 posterior superior frontal sulcus @@ -715176,14 +715179,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0027513 posterior superior frontal sulcus - + - + NIFSTD @@ -715406,7 +715409,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + BIRNLEX:1338 neuronames:838 anterior superior frontal sulcus @@ -715417,14 +715420,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0027716 anterior superior frontal sulcus - + - + NIFSTD @@ -715765,7 +715768,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + A projecting portion of the spiral ligament of the cochlea, bounding the lower edge of the stria vascularis and containing within it a blood vessel, the vas prominens. spiral prominence BIRNLEX:2532 @@ -715780,14 +715783,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0028194 spiral prominence of cochlear duct - + - + MA @@ -718463,7 +718466,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + Composite sulcus of the frontal lobe of the macaque. Located on the dorsolateral surface, it consists of the superior ramus of the arcuate sulcus (macaque), the inferior ramus of the arcuate sulcus and the spur of the arcuate sulcus (macaque) (neuronames:2379). NLX:153910 @@ -718477,14 +718480,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0034671 arcuate sulcus - + - + NIFSTD @@ -718576,7 +718579,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + A cytoarchitecturally defined portion of the periamygdalar area and the cortical amygdalar nucleus at the caudal extreme of the amygdala. All authors regard it as occupying the caudal third of the amygdala, which abuts the hippocampal formation. In the human ( Mai-1997 ) and the macaque ( Amaral-1992 ) it is located close to the medial surface of the temporal lobe; it is bounded internally by the posterior cortical amygdalar nucleus and the temporal horn of the lateral ventricle. In the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and mouse ( Hof-2000 ) it is bounded largely by the posterior cortical amygdalar nucleus and the accessory basal nucleus (known as the basomedial nucleus of the amygdala in rodents); the stria terminalis separates it from the ventricle. According to some authors the amygdalohippocampal area extends anteriorly to occupy the caudal half of the amygdala. These authors divide the area into two or three parts, which in the human ( Olmos-2004 ), the rat ( Paxinos-2009b ), and the mouse ( Franklin-2008 ) are named on the basis of location: anterolateral, posterolateral and posteromedial parts. In the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ) the rostral portion of the area is divided into two parts on the basis of cellular morphology: magnocellular and parvicellular parts. Some authors refer to the area in rodents as the 'posterior amygdalar nucleus' ( Swanson-2004; Hof-2000 ).[neuronames:2028] @@ -718604,14 +718607,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( amygdalohippocampal area - + - + DHBA @@ -718725,7 +718728,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + DHBA:12025 FMA:61949 @@ -718752,14 +718755,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0034676 forceps major of corpus callosum - + - + DHBA @@ -718881,7 +718884,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + DHBA:12024 FMA:61944 SCTID:369199005 @@ -718907,14 +718910,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0034678 forceps minor of corpus callosum - + - + DHBA @@ -719192,8 +719195,8 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - - + + The cremasteric artery (external spermatic artery) is a branch of the Inferior epigastric artery which accompanies the spermatic cord, and supplies the Cremaster and other coverings of the cord, anastomosing with the testicular artery (internal spermatic artery in older texts). (In the female, the cremesteric artery is very small and accompanies the round ligament.). FMA:70192 @@ -719206,24 +719209,24 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( cremasteric artery - + - + - + FMA - + FMA @@ -719736,7 +719739,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + @@ -719750,14 +719753,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0034710 spinal cord ventricular layer - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -720317,7 +720320,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + The pharyngeal nerve (pterygopalatine nerve) is a small branch arising from the posterior part of the pterygopalatine ganglion. It passes through the pharyngeal canal with the pharyngeal branch of the maxillary artery, and is distributed to the mucous membrane of the nasal part of the pharynx, behind the auditory tube. FMA:52731 SCTID:58267004 @@ -720331,14 +720334,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0034725 pterygopalatine nerve - + - + FMA @@ -720438,7 +720441,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + The artery of bulb of vestibule is a branch of the internal pudendal artery. FMA:20900 @@ -720451,14 +720454,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( vestibular bulb artery - + - + FMA @@ -720741,7 +720744,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + @@ -720763,14 +720766,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0034736 coracoclavicular ligament - + - + FMA @@ -720792,8 +720795,8 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - - + + The inferior longitudinal fasciculus connects the temporal lobe and occipital lobe, running along the lateral walls of the inferior and posterior cornua of the lateral ventricle. The existence of this fasciculus independent from the occipitotemporal fasciculus has been questioned for the human being, such that it has been proposed that the term inferior longitudinal fasciculus be replaced by the term 'occipitotemporal projection'. DHBA:10580 FMA:77632 @@ -720810,24 +720813,24 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0034743 inferior longitudinal fasciculus - + - + - + HBA - + DHBA @@ -720916,7 +720919,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + DHBA:12043 FMA:76976 @@ -720932,14 +720935,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0034746 anterior thalamic radiation - + - + DHBA @@ -721071,7 +721074,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + DHBA:12052 FMA:61957 SCTID:362363008 @@ -721089,14 +721092,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0034749 retrolenticular part of internal capsule - + - + DHBA FMA @@ -721214,7 +721217,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + The part of the auditory cortex that is located on the superior temporal gyrus in the temporal lobe and receives point-to-point input from the ventral division of the medial geniculate complex. DHBA:10236 FMA:272953 @@ -721230,14 +721233,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0034751 primary auditory cortex - + - + cjm @@ -721290,7 +721293,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + The part of the auditory cortex that receive more diffuse input from the belt areas of the medial geniculate complex. DHBA:10239 @@ -721308,14 +721311,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0034752 secondary auditory cortex - + - + cjm @@ -721432,8 +721435,8 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - - + + The occipitofrontal fasciculus passes backward from the frontal lobe, along the lateral border of the caudate nucleus, and on the medial aspect of the corona radiata; its fibers radiate in a fan-like manner and pass into the occipital and temporal lobes lateral to the posterior and inferior cornua. DHBA:10588 HBA:9269 @@ -721444,24 +721447,24 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0034754 occipitofrontal fasciculus - + - + - + HBA - + DHBA @@ -721914,7 +721917,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + The anterior extremity of the Parahippocampal gyrus is recurved in the form of a hook, the uncus, which is separated from the apex of the temporal lobe by a slight fissure, the incisura temporalis. Although superficially continuous with the hippocampal gyrus, the uncus forms morphologically a part of the rhinencephalon. The term uncus was coined by Felix Vicq dbAzyr (1748b1794). DHBA:12165 @@ -721931,14 +721934,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( uncus of parahippocampal gyrus - + - + DHBA @@ -721974,21 +721977,21 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + DHBA:266441267 uberon CA1U UBERON:0034774 uncal CA1 - + - + DHBA @@ -722005,21 +722008,21 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + DHBA:266441311 uberon CA2U UBERON:0034775 uncal CA2 - + - + DHBA @@ -722036,21 +722039,21 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + DHBA:266441355 uberon CA3U UBERON:0034776 uncal CA3 - + - + DHBA @@ -722067,21 +722070,21 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + DHBA:11275 uberon CA1R UBERON:0034777 rostral CA1 - + - + DHBA @@ -722098,21 +722101,21 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + DHBA:11285 uberon CA2R UBERON:0034778 rostral CA2 - + - + DHBA @@ -722129,21 +722132,21 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + DHBA:11295 uberon CA3R UBERON:0034779 rostral CA3 - + - + DHBA @@ -722160,21 +722163,21 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + DHBA:11280 uberon CA1C UBERON:0034780 caudal CA1 - + - + DHBA @@ -722191,21 +722194,21 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + DHBA:11290 uberon CA2C UBERON:0034781 caudal CA2 - + - + DHBA @@ -722222,21 +722225,21 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + DHBA:11301 uberon CA3C UBERON:0034782 caudal CA3 - + - + DHBA @@ -724171,8 +724174,8 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - - + + @@ -724186,24 +724189,24 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0034875 future pituitary gland - + - + - + EMAPA - + Wikipedia @@ -724230,8 +724233,8 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - - + + @@ -724247,24 +724250,24 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0034876 future neurohypophysis - + - + - + EMAPA - + EMAPA @@ -724409,8 +724412,8 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - - + + NLX:152661 uberon primary motor cortex lamina 1 @@ -724418,24 +724421,24 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0034888 primary motor cortex layer 1 - + - + - + NIFSTD - + NIFSTD @@ -724457,7 +724460,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + The posterior parietal cortex is a portion of the parietal lobe which manipulates mental images, and integrates sensory and motor portions of the brain. Some sources say that it consists of Brodmann area 5 and Brodmann area 7. Other sources say it is only area 7. DHBA:10214 Wikipedia:Posterior_parietal_cortex @@ -724466,14 +724469,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0034889 posterior parietal cortex - + - + DHBA @@ -724736,7 +724739,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + DHBA:10386 NLX:54921 @@ -724749,14 +724752,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0034894 lateral nucleus of stria terminalis - + - + NIFSTD @@ -724797,7 +724800,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + DHBA:10385 NLX:80623 medial subdivision of BNST @@ -724808,14 +724811,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0034895 medial nucleus of stria terminalis - + - + NIFSTD @@ -724851,8 +724854,8 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - - + + DHBA:266441591 FMA:62071 MBA:892 @@ -724865,24 +724868,24 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0034896 ansa peduncularis - + - + - + FMA - + DHBA @@ -724920,12 +724923,12 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + - + The thickened ridge of bone that contains the tooth sockets on the premaxilla. AAO:0000397 pars dentalis of premaxilla @@ -724933,14 +724936,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0034898 alveolar ridge of premaxilla - + - + AAO @@ -725337,7 +725340,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + DHBA:12184 DMBA:16585 neuronames:1176 @@ -725348,14 +725351,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0034910 medial pretectal nucleus - + - + ISBN:0471888893 @@ -725386,7 +725389,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + consider merging with olivary; however, Butler and Hodos treat as distinct within Eutherians DHBA:12187 EMAPA:37920 @@ -725398,14 +725401,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0034918 anterior pretectal nucleus - + - + ISBN:0471888893 @@ -725726,7 +725729,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + The arcuate artery of the foot (metatarsal artery) arises a little anterior to the lateral tarsal artery; it passes lateralward, over the bases of the metatarsal bones, beneath the tendons of the Extensor digitorum brevis, its direction being influenced by its point of origin; and its anastomoses with the lateral tarsal and lateral plantar arteries. This vessel gives off the second, third, and fourth dorsal metatarsal arteries. It is not present in all individuals. FMA:44594 @@ -725737,14 +725740,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( arcuate artery of foot - + - + FMA @@ -725868,7 +725871,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + @@ -725880,14 +725883,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0034930 auricular feather - + - + EDITOR_NOTE request more specific terms from PATO @@ -725916,8 +725919,8 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - - + + @@ -725954,24 +725957,24 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0034931 perforant path - + - + - + HBA - + DHBA @@ -726143,7 +726146,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + Corrugated anterior region of ciliary body where ciliary processes arise. FMA:58431 SCTID:280859006 @@ -726153,14 +726156,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0034935 pars plicata of ciliary body - + - + FMA @@ -726189,7 +726192,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + Flattened posterior region of ciliary body. FMA:58480 NCIT:C33219 @@ -726200,14 +726203,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0034936 pars plana of ciliary body - + - + FMA @@ -726844,7 +726847,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + A population of lymphatic endothelial cell precursors that will form the lymph vessels. NCIT:C34262 UMLS:C1514424 @@ -726853,14 +726856,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0034953 embryonic lymph sac - + - + VHOG @@ -727069,7 +727072,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + @@ -727092,14 +727095,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( superficial epigastric artery - + - + FMA @@ -727280,7 +727283,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + A nonchromaffin paraganglion located in the wall of the jugular bulb. FMA:50848 MESH:D005924 @@ -727294,14 +727297,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0034972 jugular body - + - + cjm @@ -727330,7 +727333,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + A cluster of neuroendocrine cells derived from neural crest. Paraganglia may be chromaffin or nonchromaffin. corresponding portion of CL needs fixed FMA:15648 @@ -727341,7 +727344,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0034978 paraganglion (generic) - + @@ -727354,7 +727357,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + Wikipedia @@ -727404,20 +727407,20 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + bulb of jugular vein uberon UBERON:0034980 jugular bulb - + - + FMA @@ -727755,7 +727758,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + EMAPA:35125 FMA:77608 MA:0002918 @@ -727769,14 +727772,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0034989 amygdalopiriform transition area - + - + MA @@ -727810,8 +727813,8 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - - + + DMBA:16000 EMAPA:35128 @@ -727823,24 +727826,24 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( anterior cortical amygdaloid nucleus - + - + - + EMAPA - + DMBA @@ -727857,8 +727860,8 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - - + + EMAPA:35165 FMA:84344 HBA:4427 @@ -727867,24 +727870,24 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0034993 basal ventral medial nucleus of thalamus - + - + - + HBA - + EMAPA @@ -728047,7 +728050,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + DMBA:15999 EMAPA:35699 MA:0002929 @@ -728062,14 +728065,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0034999 posterolateral cortical amygdaloid nucleus - + - + EMAPA @@ -728116,7 +728119,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + DMBA:15950 EMAPA:35700 MA:0002930 @@ -728130,14 +728133,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0035001 posteromedial cortical amygdaloid nucleus - + - + EMAPA @@ -728178,20 +728181,20 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + EMAPA:35702 uberon UBERON:0035004 preputial swelling - + - + EMAPA @@ -728212,21 +728215,21 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + EMAPA:29220 uberon prepuce of male UBERON:0035005 preputial swelling of male - + - + EMAPA @@ -728253,21 +728256,21 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + EMAPA:30478 uberon prepuce of female UBERON:0035006 preputial swelling of female - + - + EMAPA @@ -729239,8 +729242,8 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - - + + The superior rectal artery (superior hemorrhoidal artery) is an artery that descends into the pelvis to supply blood to the rectum. FMA:14832 @@ -729258,24 +729261,24 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/blood-vasculature-female/v1.3/assets/3d-vh-f-blood-vasculature.glb https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/blood-vasculature-male/v1.3/assets/3d-vh-m-blood-vasculature.glb - + - + - + FMA - + FMA @@ -729332,7 +729335,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + The deep temporal arteries, two in number, anterior and posterior, ascend between the Temporalis and the pericranium. They supply the muscle, and anastomose with the middle temporal artery. The anterior communicates with the lacrimal artery by means of small branches which perforate the zygomatic bone and great wing of the sphenoid. FMA:49742 SCTID:147965009 @@ -729346,14 +729349,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0035041 deep temporal artery - + - + FMA @@ -729405,7 +729408,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + The middle temporal artery arises immediately above the zygomatic arch, and, perforating the temporal fascia, gives branches to the Temporalis, anastomosing with the deep temporal branches of the internal maxillary. It occasionally gives off a zygomaticoC6rbital branch, which runs along the upper border of the zygomatic arch, between the two layers of the temporal fascia, to the lateral angle of the orbit. FMA:49666 @@ -729417,14 +729420,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( middle temporal artery - + - + FMA @@ -729492,38 +729495,38 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + - + Deepest layer of olfactory cortex. NLX:152611 uberon UBERON:0035044 olfactory cortex layer 3 - + - + - + nlx - + NIFSTD @@ -730057,12 +730060,12 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + - + In Anolis, This muscle mostly originates via fleshy fibers from the ventrolateral aspect of the ilium and the ventral aspect of the transverse processes of Ca1-8 (note: the origin from Ca1 is tendinous). The fibers of m. ischiocaudalis join those of m. cocygeus inferior in the ventral midline at the level of Ca3-4 (in females) and Ca5-6 (in males)[PMID:22753107] M. caudofemoralis brevis @@ -730071,14 +730074,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0035082 caudofemoralis brevis - + - + fossa on lower edge of ilium @@ -731036,7 +731039,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + The perineal raphe extends from the anus, through the mid-line of the scrotum (scrotal raphe) and upwards through the posterior mid-line aspect of the penis (penile raphe). It is the result of a fetal developmental phenomenon whereby the scrotum (the developmental equivalent of the labia in females) and penis close toward the midline and fuse. The resulting ridge of tissue is evident as the perineal raphe FMA:20244 @@ -731048,14 +731051,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0035106 raphe of perineum - + - + Wikipedia @@ -731092,7 +731095,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + The temporal fascia covers the Temporalis muscle. It is a strong, fibrous investment, covered, laterally, by the Auricularis anterior and superior, by the galea aponeurotica, and by part of the Orbicularis oculi. The superficial temporal vessels and the auriculotemporal nerve cross it from below upward. Above, it is a single layer, attached to the entire extent of the superior temporal line; but below, where it is fixed to the zygomatic arch, it consists of two layers, one of which is inserted into the lateral, and the other into the medial border of the arch. A small quantity of fat, the orbital branch of the superficial temporal artery, and a filament from the zygomatic branch of the maxillary nerve, are contained between these two layers. It affords attachment by its deep surface to the superficial fibers of the Temporalis. FMA:53996 MFMO:0000105 @@ -731105,14 +731108,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( Request new term but the definition needs revision. temporalis fascia - + - + cjm @@ -731330,7 +731333,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + MBA:617 mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus, central part uberon @@ -731338,14 +731341,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0035113 central part of mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus - + - + MBA @@ -731368,7 +731371,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + MBA:626 mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus, lateral part uberon @@ -731376,14 +731379,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0035114 lateral part of mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus - + - + MBA @@ -731968,21 +731971,21 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + EMAPA:32631 hand cartilage condensation uberon UBERON:0035128 manus cartilage element - + - + EMAPA-modified @@ -732020,21 +732023,21 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + EMAPA:32657 foot cartilage condensation uberon UBERON:0035129 pes cartilage element - + - + EMAPA-modified @@ -732051,9 +732054,9 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - - - + + + @@ -732073,34 +732076,34 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0035130 auditory ossicle endochondral element - + - + - + - + MA - + PMID:11523816 - + PMID:11237469 https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/The-neural-crest @@ -732319,20 +732322,20 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + EMAPA:36342 uberon UBERON:0035142 preputial space of male - + - + EMAPA @@ -733310,7 +733313,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + Clinical esophageal segment composed of smooth muscle. It corresponds to the inferior part of the lower third topographic segment of the esophagus. FMA:9397 NCIT:C12252 @@ -733326,14 +733329,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0035177 abdominal part of esophagus - + - + FMA @@ -733387,7 +733390,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + The sigmoid arteries, two or three in number, run obliquely downward and to the left behind the peritoneum and in front of the Psoas major, ureter, and internal spermatic vessels. Their branches supply the lower part of the descending colon, the iliac colon, and the sigmoid or pelvic colon; anastomosing above with the left colic, and below with the superior hemorrhoidal artery. FMA:14830 @@ -733403,14 +733406,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/blood-vasculature-female/v1.3/assets/3d-vh-f-blood-vasculature.glb https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/blood-vasculature-male/v1.3/assets/3d-vh-m-blood-vasculature.glb - + - + FMA @@ -733513,7 +733516,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + The plantar metatarsal arteries (digital branches) are four in number, and run forward between the metatarsal bones and in contact with the Interossei. Each divides into a pair of plantar digital arteries which supply the adjacent sides of the toes. Near their points of division each sends upward an anterior perforating branch to join the corresponding dorsal metatarsal artery. The first plantar metatarsal artery (arteria princeps hallucis) springs from the junction between the lateral plantar and deep plantar arteries and sends a digital branch to the medial side of the first toe. The digital branch for the lateral side of the fifth toe arise from the lateral plantar artery near the base of the fifth metatarsal bone. FMA:43956 NCIT:C52743 @@ -733525,14 +733528,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0035195 plantar metatarsal artery - + - + FMA @@ -733615,7 +733618,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + @@ -733637,14 +733640,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0035201 gastrocolic ligament - + - + FMA @@ -733855,7 +733858,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + Zone of esophagus located in the thorax. FMA:9396 NCIT:C12251 @@ -733869,14 +733872,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0035216 thoracic part of esophagus - + - + FMA @@ -734396,7 +734399,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + A structure composed of adipose tissue lying above the pubic bone of adult women, anterior to the symphysis pubis. The mons pubis forms the anterior portion of the vulva, and limits the perineal region proximally and anteriorly. In humans, the mons pubis divides into the labia majora on either side of the furrow, known as the cleft of venus, that surrounds the labia minora, clitoris, vaginal opening, and other structures of the vulval vestibule. The fatty tissue of the mons veneris is sensitive to estrogen, causing a distinct mound to form with the onset of puberty. This pushes the forward portion of the labia majora out and away from the pubic bone The size of the mons pubis varies with the general level of hormone and body fat. After puberty it is covered with pubic hair and enlarges. @@ -734412,14 +734415,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0035258 mons pubis - + - + FMA @@ -734603,7 +734606,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + The superior thoracic artery (highest thoracic artery) is a small vessel normally arising from the first division of the axillary artery, but may arise from the thoracoacromial artery, itself a branch of the second division of the axillary artery. Running forward and medialward along the upper border of the pectoralis minor, the superior thoracic artery passes between it and the pectoralis major to the side of the chest. It supplies branches to the first and second intercostal spaces as well as to the superior portion of serratus anterior. It anastomoses with the internal mammary and intercostal arteries. FMA:22668 @@ -734616,14 +734619,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( superior thoracic artery - + - + FMA @@ -734780,7 +734783,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + An extension of the tissue of the breast which extends into the axilla. FMA:58072 NCIT:C12305 @@ -734796,14 +734799,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0035289 axillary tail of breast - + - + ncithesaurus @@ -734930,7 +734933,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + An elevated zone of the sella turcica behind the chiasmatic groove[WP,modified]. FMA:54719 NCIT:C45911 @@ -734941,14 +734944,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0035298 tuberculum sellae - + - + FMA @@ -735584,7 +735587,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + The aspect of the kidney facing the abdominal cavity. FMA:15589 @@ -735597,14 +735600,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0035368 anterior surface of kidney - + - + ncithesaurus @@ -735734,7 +735737,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + One of the semi-lunar transverse folds of the rectal wall that protrude into the anal canal. Their use seems to be to support the weight of fecal matter, and prevent its urging toward the anus, which would produce a strong urge to defecate FMA:15722 @@ -735748,14 +735751,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0035377 transverse fold of rectum - + - + ncithesaurus @@ -735915,7 +735918,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + @@ -735943,14 +735946,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/blood-vasculature-female/v1.3/assets/3d-vh-f-blood-vasculature.glb https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/blood-vasculature-male/v1.3/assets/3d-vh-m-blood-vasculature.glb - + - + ncithesaurus @@ -736224,7 +736227,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + The diaphragma sellae or sellar diaphragm is the circular fold of dura mater that almost completely roofs the fossa hypophyseos in the sphenoid bone of the skull. It retains the pituitary gland in the fossa hypophyseos, with only the infundibulum of the pituitary gland passing through it. FMA:78540 NCIT:C32459 @@ -736236,14 +736239,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0035416 diaphragma sellae - + - + ncithesaurus @@ -736295,7 +736298,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + Branch of left coronary artery which runs perpendicular to the anterior interventricular branch of the left coronary artery on the left side of the interventricular sulcus and supplies the left side of the heart. FMA:3895 @@ -736312,14 +736315,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( circumflex branch of left coronary artery https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/blood-vasculature-female/v1.3/assets/3d-vh-f-blood-vasculature.glb - + - + FMA @@ -736356,7 +736359,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + A small triangular process of dura matter beginning at the internal occipital crest just beneath the tentorium and projecting forward. FMA:83974 NCIT:C32584 @@ -736368,14 +736371,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0035425 falx cerebelli - + - + ncithesaurus @@ -736419,8 +736422,8 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - - + + The parietal pleura that lines the mediastinum. FMA:9736 NCIT:C94820 @@ -736434,24 +736437,24 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0035431 mediastinal pleura - + - + - + FMA - + FMA @@ -736591,7 +736594,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + The lowest part of the prostate gland adjacent to the superior fascia of the urogenital diaphragm. FMA:19594 NCIT:C13087 @@ -736604,14 +736607,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( apex of prostate https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/prostate-male/v1.2/assets/3d-vh-m-prostate.glb - + - + ncithesaurus @@ -736671,7 +736674,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + Muscular components of the deep perineal pouch. consider obsoletion FMA:19734 @@ -736682,7 +736685,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0035445 urogenital diaphragm - + @@ -736695,7 +736698,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + ncithesaurus @@ -736711,7 +736714,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + Clinical esophageal segment composed of skeletal muscle. It corresponds to the superior part of the upper third topographic segment of the esophagus. FMA:9395 NCIT:C12250 @@ -736726,14 +736729,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0035450 cervical part of esophagus - + - + FMA @@ -736784,7 +736787,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + FMA:64171 NCIT:C32935 SCTID:361949007 @@ -736795,14 +736798,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0035453 laryngeal ventricle - + - + ncithesaurus @@ -736926,7 +736929,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + The angled junction where the diaphragm meets the chest wall. FMA:11355 NCIT:C32393 @@ -736938,14 +736941,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0035468 costodiaphragmatic recess - + - + ncithesaurus @@ -737423,7 +737426,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + Free nerve endings are widely distributed throughout the body, and are found as branches of unmyelinated, or lightly myelinated fibres grouped in bundles beneath the epithelium. As they penetrate the epithelium, they lose their myelin, and branch among the epithelial cells. Branches of one nerve may cover a wide area and overlap the territories of other nerves. The free nerve endings detect pain, touch, pressure and temperature, and are associated with C fibres. FMA:84005 @@ -737436,7 +737439,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0035501 unencapsulated tactile receptor - + @@ -737449,7 +737452,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + ncithesaurus @@ -737916,7 +737919,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + The middle portion of the gallbladder which is distal to the gallbladder neck and proximal to the gallbladder fundus. FMA:14537 NCIT:C32647 @@ -737928,14 +737931,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0035536 body of gallbladder - + - + FMA @@ -737981,7 +737984,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + Any of several arteries that arise from the aorta and supply blood to the esophagus. FMA:4149 @@ -737995,7 +737998,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( esophageal artery - + @@ -738008,7 +738011,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + FMA @@ -738681,21 +738684,21 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + An unjointed, rod-like bony or cartilaginous structures that extend from distal limb joints in tetrapods. in some mammals this is found in a cartilaginous state, and articulates with the lateral border of the carpus. uberon UBERON:0035561 styliform element - + - + DOI:10.1038/nature14423 @@ -739075,7 +739078,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + A nucleus medial to the central pretectal nucleus in the periventricular zone. @@ -739089,14 +739092,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( Can be subdivided into dorsal and ventral[ISBN:0471888893] periventricular pretectal nucleus - + - + ZFA @@ -739323,7 +739326,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + nucleus geniculatus pretectalis @@ -739332,14 +739335,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( Receives retinal input nucleus geniculatus of pretectum - + - + ISBN:0471888893 @@ -739368,7 +739371,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + nucleus lentiformis mesencephali @@ -739377,14 +739380,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( Receives retinal input nucleus lentiformis of pretectum - + - + ISBN:0471888893 @@ -739413,7 +739416,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + nucleus posteriodorsalis @@ -739422,14 +739425,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( Receives retinal input nucleus posteriodorsalis of pretectum - + - + ISBN:0471888893 @@ -739458,21 +739461,21 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + uberon nucleus lentiformis thalami UBERON:0035583 nucleus lentiformis thalamus - + - + ISBN:0471888893 @@ -739495,21 +739498,21 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + uberon ventral pretectal nucleus UBERON:0035584 ventral pretectal nucleus (sauropsida) - + - + ISBN:0471888893 @@ -739531,7 +739534,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + griseum tectalis uberon tectal gray @@ -739539,14 +739542,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0035585 tectal gray nucleus (Testudines) - + - + ISBN:0471888893 @@ -739593,19 +739596,19 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + uberon UBERON:0035587 nucleus pretectalis diffusus - + - + ISBN:0471888893 @@ -739622,20 +739625,20 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + A nuclear complex in the ventral pretectal region. uberon UBERON:0035588 subpretectal complex of Aves - + - + ISBN:0471888893 @@ -739685,20 +739688,20 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + uberon UBERON:0035591 lateral spiriform nucleus - + - + ISBN:0471888893 @@ -739714,19 +739717,19 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + uberon UBERON:0035592 medial spiriform nucleus - + - + ISBN:0471888893 @@ -739736,20 +739739,20 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + nucleus circularis uberon UBERON:0035593 nucleus circularis of pretectum - + - + ISBN:0471888893 @@ -739835,7 +739838,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + A group of cells located in the central part of the anterior hypothalamic nucleus in the anterior hypothalamic region of the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ). Functionally it belongs to the magnocellular neuroendocrine cell groups of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ). nucleus circularis MBA:432 @@ -739847,14 +739850,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( group of magnocellular elements arranged in a ring around a capillary bed. The cells are predominantly monopolar, tightly packed, and are flattened at the outer border of the ring. The entire nucleus is surrounded or encapsulated by myelinated fibers, hypothesized to be an osmoreceptor[PMID:974791] circular nucleus of antherior hypothalamic nucleus - + - + MBA @@ -740326,7 +740329,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + The innermost layer of the outer root sheath. It contains cells that are morphologically and biochemically different from the inner root sheath and outer root sheath. The cells of the companion layer are more flattened than the other cells of the outer root sheath and do not contain glycogen. In addition, a novel human type II cytokeratin, K6hf, is specifically expressed in the companion layer of the hair follicle BTO:0003970 @@ -740334,14 +740337,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0035609 outer root sheath companion layer - + - + BTO @@ -740449,7 +740452,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + @@ -740477,14 +740480,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0035612 nasal turbinal - + - + ISBN:0073040584 @@ -741049,7 +741052,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + A branch of the facial nerve that innervates the posterior auricular and intrinsic muscles of the auricle and, through its occipital branch, innervates the occipital belly of the occipitofrontal muscle. FMA:53278 SCTID:280277006 @@ -741060,14 +741063,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0035647 posterior auricular nerve - + - + FMA Wikipedia @@ -741113,7 +741116,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + Any nerve that innervates the pinna. EMAPA:36513 MA:0001232 @@ -741122,14 +741125,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0035648 nerve innervating pinna - + - + FMA @@ -741589,7 +741592,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + @@ -741606,14 +741609,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0035677 primary yolk sac cavity - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -741771,7 +741774,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + EHDAA2:0004525 FMA:280884 capillary plexus of liver @@ -741781,14 +741784,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0035756 capillary network of liver - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -741932,7 +741935,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + @@ -741948,14 +741951,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0035763 cavity of cardiac chamber - + - + FMA @@ -742537,7 +742540,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + A parasympathetic ganglion located on the short ciliary nerve differentiated from the main ciliary ganglion by virtue of the fact that it had no root derived directly from the inferior trunk of the oculomotor nerve and it never attaches to this nerve. tested for and found to be present in pig, sika deer, domestic sheep, horse, cat, fox, racoon dog, marten, rat, rabbit, crab-eating macaque, japanese macaque and human[PMID:2802184] @@ -742545,14 +742548,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0035776 accessory ciliary ganglion - + - + http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9114-8737 @@ -742660,8 +742663,8 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - - + + @@ -742682,24 +742685,24 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0035785 telencephalic song nucleus HVC - + - + - + Wikipedia - + GOC:mr @@ -743084,7 +743087,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + @@ -743098,7 +743101,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0035806 Hensen stripe - + @@ -743111,7 +743114,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + cjm @@ -743139,21 +743142,21 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + A nucleus in the basal ganglion of songbirds. area X uberon UBERON:0035807 area X of basal ganglion - + - + GOC:mr @@ -743172,8 +743175,8 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - - + + A specialized nucleus within the intermediate archistriatum of songbirds, required for and active during the production of learned song. BTO:0003366 uberon @@ -743183,24 +743186,24 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0035808 robust nucleus of arcopallium - + - + - + BTO - + GOC:cjm @@ -743738,8 +743741,8 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - - + + Artery that runs from right to left along the greater curvature of the stomach, between the layers of the greater omentum, anastomosing with the left gastroepiploic branch of the splenic artery. FMA:14781 @@ -743758,24 +743761,24 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( right gastroepiploic artery - + - + - + FMA - + FMA @@ -743842,7 +743845,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + Artery that runs from left to right along the greater curvature of the stomach, between the layers of the greater omentum, and anastomoses with the right gastroepiploic. FMA:14796 @@ -743862,14 +743865,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( left gastroepiploic artery - + - + FMA @@ -743943,8 +743946,8 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - - + + @@ -743960,24 +743963,24 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0035831 costal diaphragm - + - + - + PMID:23586979 - + PMID:23586979 @@ -744006,14 +744009,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + - + @@ -744034,24 +744037,24 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0035832 caval sphincter - + - + - + left - + Pinnipedia may also be in whales @@ -744725,7 +744728,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + MBA:1070 NLX:157671 uberon @@ -744734,14 +744737,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0035872 primary somatosensory area barrel field layer 5 - + - + MBA NIFSTD @@ -744765,7 +744768,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + MBA:981 NLX:157672 uberon @@ -744773,14 +744776,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0035873 primary somatosensory area barrel field layer 1 - + - + MBA NIFSTD @@ -744798,7 +744801,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + MBA:201 NLX:157673 uberon @@ -744807,14 +744810,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0035874 primary somatosensory area barrel field layer 2/3 - + - + MBA NIFSTD @@ -744838,7 +744841,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + MBA:1062 NLX:157674 uberon @@ -744847,14 +744850,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0035875 primary somatosensory area barrel field layer 6b - + - + MBA NIFSTD @@ -744878,7 +744881,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + MBA:1038 NLX:157675 uberon @@ -744887,14 +744890,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0035876 primary somatosensory area barrel field layer 6a - + - + MBA NIFSTD @@ -744918,7 +744921,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + MBA:1047 NLX:157676 uberon @@ -744927,14 +744930,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0035877 primary somatosensory area barrel field layer 4 - + - + MBA NIFSTD @@ -744958,21 +744961,21 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + The bone region of the epiphysis that provides underlying mechanical and physiological support for the cartilage of joint articular surfaces. subchondral bone uberon UBERON:0035878 subchondral region of epiphysis - + - + MGI:csmith @@ -745363,14 +745366,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + MBA:1011 uberon AUDd UBERON:0035885 dorsal auditory area - + @@ -745383,7 +745386,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + MBA @@ -745400,14 +745403,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + MBA:22 uberon PTLp UBERON:0035886 posterior parietal association areas - + @@ -745420,7 +745423,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + MBA @@ -745437,14 +745440,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + MBA:312782628 uberon VISpor UBERON:0035890 postrhinal area - + @@ -745457,7 +745460,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + MBA @@ -745474,14 +745477,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + MBA:33 uberon VISp6a UBERON:0035892 primary visual area, layer 6a - + @@ -745494,7 +745497,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + MBA @@ -745511,14 +745514,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + MBA:394 uberon VISam UBERON:0035893 anteromedial visual area - + @@ -745531,7 +745534,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + MBA @@ -745548,14 +745551,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + MBA:402 uberon VISal UBERON:0035894 anterolateral visual area - + @@ -745568,7 +745571,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + MBA @@ -745585,14 +745588,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + MBA:409 uberon VISl UBERON:0035895 lateral visual area - + @@ -745605,7 +745608,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + MBA @@ -745622,14 +745625,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + MBA:425 uberon VISpl UBERON:0035897 posterolateral visual area - + @@ -745642,7 +745645,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + MBA @@ -745659,14 +745662,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + MBA:533 uberon VISpm UBERON:0035900 posteromedial visual area - + @@ -745679,7 +745682,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + MBA @@ -745696,14 +745699,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + MBA:721 uberon VISp4 UBERON:0035904 primary visual area, layer 4 - + @@ -745716,7 +745719,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + MBA @@ -745733,14 +745736,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + MBA:778 uberon VISp5 UBERON:0035906 primary visual area, layer 5 - + @@ -745753,7 +745756,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + MBA @@ -745770,14 +745773,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + MBA:821 uberon VISp2/3 UBERON:0035907 primary visual area, layer 2/3 - + @@ -745790,7 +745793,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + MBA @@ -745807,14 +745810,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + MBA:233 uberon VISal5 UBERON:0035908 anterolateral visual area, layer 5 - + @@ -745827,7 +745830,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + MBA @@ -745844,14 +745847,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + MBA:257 uberon VISpm6a UBERON:0035909 posteromedial visual area, layer 6a - + @@ -745864,7 +745867,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + MBA @@ -745881,14 +745884,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + MBA:312782640 uberon VISpor4 UBERON:0035911 postrhinal area, layer 4 - + @@ -745901,7 +745904,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + MBA @@ -745918,14 +745921,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + MBA:417 uberon VISrl UBERON:0035912 rostrolateral visual area - + @@ -745938,7 +745941,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + MBA @@ -745955,14 +745958,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + MBA:433 uberon VISam5 UBERON:0035913 anteromedial visual area, layer 5 - + @@ -745975,7 +745978,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + MBA @@ -745992,14 +745995,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + MBA:501 uberon VISpm4 UBERON:0035914 posteromedial visual area, layer 4 - + @@ -746012,7 +746015,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + MBA @@ -746029,14 +746032,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + MBA:573 uberon VISl4 UBERON:0035915 lateral visual area, layer 4 - + @@ -746049,7 +746052,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + MBA @@ -746066,14 +746069,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + MBA:613 uberon VISl5 UBERON:0035916 lateral visual area, layer 5 - + @@ -746086,7 +746089,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + MBA @@ -746103,14 +746106,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + MBA:678 uberon AUDd4 UBERON:0035917 dorsal auditory area, layer 4 - + @@ -746123,7 +746126,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + MBA @@ -746140,14 +746143,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + MBA:74 uberon VISl6a UBERON:0035918 lateral visual area, layer 6a - + @@ -746160,7 +746163,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + MBA @@ -746177,14 +746180,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + MBA:869 uberon VISpl4 UBERON:0035919 posterolateral visual area, layer 4 - + @@ -746197,7 +746200,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + MBA @@ -746214,14 +746217,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + MBA:312782616 uberon VISrl5 UBERON:0035920 rostrolateral area, layer 5 - + @@ -746234,7 +746237,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + MBA @@ -746341,7 +746344,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + The spreading out of the fibers of the corpus callosum in the centrum semiovale of each cerebral hemisphere. DHBA:12026 FMA:77693 @@ -746358,7 +746361,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0035924 radiation of corpus callosum - + @@ -746371,7 +746374,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + HBA @@ -746429,7 +746432,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + DHBA:13227 FMA:83779 HBA:9399 @@ -746455,7 +746458,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0035925 central sulcus of insula - + @@ -746468,7 +746471,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + HBA @@ -746785,7 +746788,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + DHBA:12082 FMA:277107 HBA:265505286 @@ -746794,14 +746797,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0035931 sagittal stratum - + - + DHBA @@ -746818,8 +746821,8 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - - + + FMA:273508 HBA:4071 @@ -746834,11 +746837,11 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/brain-female/v1.4/assets/3d-allen-f-brain.glb https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/brain-male/v1.4/assets/3d-allen-m-brain.glb - + - + @@ -746851,13 +746854,13 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + HBA - + FMA @@ -746892,7 +746895,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + The junction of the precentral gyrus and postcentral gyrus on the medial surface of the cerebral cortex. It lies across the boundary between the frontal lobe and the parietal lobe. BTO:0005601 FMA:77534 @@ -746906,7 +746909,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0035933 paracentral lobule - + @@ -746919,7 +746922,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + FMA @@ -746942,8 +746945,8 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - - + + FMA:273511 HBA:4125 @@ -746954,11 +746957,11 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( posterior segment of paracentral lobule - + - + @@ -746971,13 +746974,13 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + HBA - + FMA @@ -747050,8 +747053,8 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - - + + The arcuate fasciculus (Latin, curved bundle) is the neural pathway connecting the posterior part of the temporoparietal junction with the frontal cortex in the brain and is now considered as part of the Superior longitudinal fasciculus. DHBA:10569 FMA:276650 @@ -747070,24 +747073,24 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0035937 arcuate fasciculus - + - + - + FMA - + DHBA @@ -747156,7 +747159,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + DHBA:12728 FMA:72611 HBA:265505538 @@ -747171,7 +747174,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0035938 amiculum of inferior olive - + @@ -747184,7 +747187,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + HBA @@ -747260,7 +747263,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + FMA:70663 HBA:9588 neuronames:729 @@ -747276,7 +747279,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0035940 central medullary reticular nuclear complex - + @@ -747289,7 +747292,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + HBA @@ -747622,7 +747625,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + @@ -747638,14 +747641,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0035956 epididymal lumen - + - + FMA @@ -747810,7 +747813,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + Supravaginal portion of cervix: the part of the cervix uteri that does not protrude into the vagina. BTO:0001851 @@ -747820,14 +747823,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0035962 supravaginal part of cervix - + - + FMA @@ -748006,7 +748009,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + The perforated part of the sclera through which pass the axons of the retinal ganglion cells. BTO:0004277 @@ -748020,7 +748023,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( scleral lamina cribrosa - + @@ -748033,7 +748036,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + BTO @@ -748069,8 +748072,8 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - - + + The mucous membrane apical to the attached gingiva. BTO:0004046 FMA:289360 @@ -748078,24 +748081,24 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0035967 alveolar mucosa - + - + - + BTO - + BTO @@ -748241,7 +748244,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + On the medial wall of the posterior cornu of the lateral ventricle is a longitudinal eminence, the calcar avis (hippocampus minor), which is an involution of the ventricular wall produced by the calcarine fissure. It is sometimes visible on ultrasonogram. BTO:0004691 DHBA:12095 @@ -748264,14 +748267,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0035970 calcar avis of the lateral ventricle - + - + BTO @@ -748355,7 +748358,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + Division of subicular cortex characterized by projections from the anterodorsal thalamic nucleus and to a lesser extent the anteroventral nucleus, bordered ventrally and laterally by the presubiculum and dorsally and medially by the retrosplenial granular a cortex.. The border is characterized by an abrupt change in the cyto- and chemoarchitecture. MBA:1037 NLX:144245 @@ -748366,7 +748369,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0035971 postsubiculum - + @@ -748379,7 +748382,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + MBA @@ -748408,7 +748411,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + A group of nerve cells that bridges the midline of the thalamus between the anterodorsal nucleus of the thalamus of the left and right sides. According to Crosby (1962), it is more developed and consistently present in rodents than in primates (adapted from Brain Info). MBA:1113 NLX:144468 @@ -748424,7 +748427,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0035972 interanterodorsal nucleus of the thalamus - + @@ -748437,7 +748440,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + MBA @@ -748611,7 +748614,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + MBA:27 NLX:144470 neuronames:1956 @@ -748623,7 +748626,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0035975 intergeniculate leaflet of the lateral geniculate complex - + @@ -748636,7 +748639,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + NIFSTD @@ -749027,7 +749030,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + A group of cells that fluoresce for dopamine and are distributed in clusters that, in the primate, are ventral and medial to the mammillothalamic tract of the hypothalamus; a few extend into the reuniens nucleus of the thalamus (Felten-1983). In the mouse A13 is located ventral to the mammillothalamic tract of the thalamus in the zona incerta (adapted from Brain Info). MBA:796 NLX:91101 @@ -749041,14 +749044,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0036007 A13 dopaminergic cell group - + - + MBA @@ -749220,7 +749223,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + HBA:9483 MBA:580 NLX:144476 @@ -749234,7 +749237,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0036012 nucleus of the brachium of the inferior colliculus - + @@ -749247,7 +749250,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + HBA @@ -749288,7 +749291,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + @@ -749321,7 +749324,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( intergluteal cleft - + @@ -749333,7 +749336,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + 2 @@ -749645,7 +749648,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + DHBA:12389 HBA:4730 uberon @@ -749654,7 +749657,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0036043 paravermic lobule X - + @@ -749667,7 +749670,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + HBA @@ -749690,7 +749693,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + DHBA:12846 HBA:4706 VIIAf @@ -749700,14 +749703,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0036044 cerebellum vermis lobule VIIAf - + - + HBA @@ -749755,7 +749758,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + DHBA:12847 HBA:4707 VIIAt @@ -749765,14 +749768,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0036065 cerebellum vermis lobule VIIAt - + - + HBA @@ -749902,7 +749905,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + One of two longitudinal ridges that develop caudal to the pharynx and fuses to give rise to the tracheoesophageal septum. NCIT:C34315 esophagotracheal fold @@ -749910,14 +749913,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0036069 tracheoesophageal fold - + - + Wikipedia:Laryngotracheal_groove @@ -750060,20 +750063,20 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + EHDAA2:0004070 uberon UBERON:0036072 respiratory primordium epithelium - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -750101,21 +750104,21 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + EHDAA2:0004071 respiratory primordium associated mesenchyme uberon UBERON:0036073 respiratory primordium mesenchyme - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -750131,9 +750134,9 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - - - + + + A vein that leaves the vestibule through an individual bone canal running parallel to the vestibular aqueduct up to the dura of the posterior side of the petrosa in the area of the endolymphatic sac. It then opens in the inferior petrosal sinus or the jugular bulb. The vein receives other branches from the bone, dura and sac. FMA:52367 @@ -750144,34 +750147,34 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( vein of vestibular aqueduct - + - + - + - + FMA - + FMA - + FMA @@ -750200,7 +750203,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + The meningeal branch of the mandibular nerve (recurrent branch, nervus spinosus) is a branch of the mandibular nerve that supplies the dura mater. FMA:53047 SCTID:280249002 @@ -750213,14 +750216,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0036143 meningeal branch of mandibular nerve - + - + FMA @@ -750411,21 +750414,21 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + uberon UBERON:0036148 orovelar muscle https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/1264 - + - + to be checked @@ -750691,7 +750694,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + A rostral part of the parahippocampal gyrus. Some authors regard it as part of the gyrus underlying the uncus ( Ture-1999 ), others as a synonym for limen insula. DHBA:12166 @@ -750704,7 +750707,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0036164 ambient gyrus - + @@ -750717,7 +750720,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + DHBA @@ -751367,7 +751370,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + The tympanic nerve (nerve of Jacobson) is a branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve found near the ear. FMA:53480 @@ -751383,14 +751386,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( tympanic nerve - + - + FMA @@ -751474,7 +751477,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + The most anterior region of the forebrain including both the telencephalon and the hypothalamus in the prosomeric model. DMBA:15567 uberon @@ -751483,7 +751486,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( may contain the optic recess region (ORR) in the new model proposed by Yamamoto et al. 2017 (see https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28470718) secondary prosencephalon - + @@ -751496,7 +751499,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + DMBA DOI:10.1111/dgd.12348 @@ -751561,7 +751564,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + The corticobulbar and corticospinal tracts combined. pyramidal tract Wikipedia:Pyramidal_tracts @@ -751569,14 +751572,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0036224 corticobulbar and corticospinal tracts - + - + NIFSTD @@ -752360,7 +752363,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + The upper part of the larynx, including the epiglottis; the area above the vocal cords. FMA:55476 NCIT:C12279 @@ -752371,14 +752374,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0036263 supraglottic part of larynx - + - + FMA @@ -752756,7 +752759,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + The anterior and posterior borders of the tonsillar fossa. They are composed of muscle tissue. NCIT:C12236 uberon @@ -752764,14 +752767,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( Consider merge with palatopharyngeus tonsillar pillar - + - + NCIT @@ -752790,12 +752793,12 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + - + Wall of ventricle which is continuous with the wall of aorta. FMA:9556 left ventricular wall @@ -752803,7 +752806,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0036285 wall of left ventricle - + @@ -752816,7 +752819,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + FMA @@ -752841,12 +752844,12 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + - + Wall of ventricle which is continuous with the wall of pulmonary trunk. FMA:9533 right ventricular wall @@ -752854,7 +752857,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0036286 wall of right ventricle - + @@ -752867,7 +752870,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + FMA @@ -752900,7 +752903,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + @@ -752912,14 +752915,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0036288 anterior wall of left ventricle - + - + FMA @@ -753153,7 +753156,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + The upper tract of the renal system. The renal pelvis is the large cavity in the middle of each kidney. Urine drains from each kidney through a long tube called the ureter, into the bladder, where it is stored until it is passed from the body through the urethra. NCIT:C54419 @@ -753164,14 +753167,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( renal pelvis/ureter - + - + NCIT @@ -753336,20 +753339,20 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + - + FMA:14179 coronary arterial wall uberon UBERON:0036328 wall of coronary artery - + @@ -753362,7 +753365,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + FMA @@ -753381,13 +753384,13 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + - - + + FMA:14621 appendix wall wall of vermiform appendix @@ -753395,24 +753398,24 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0036337 wall of appendix - + - + - + FMA - + FMA @@ -753437,27 +753440,27 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + - + FMA:14657 gallbladder wall uberon UBERON:0036343 wall of gallbladder - + - + FMA @@ -753476,19 +753479,19 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + - + FMA:15089 brachiocephalic arterial wall uberon UBERON:0036351 wall of brachiocephalic artery - + @@ -753501,7 +753504,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + FMA @@ -753520,19 +753523,19 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + - + FMA:15090 subclavian arterial wall uberon UBERON:0036352 wall of subclavian artery - + @@ -753545,7 +753548,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + FMA @@ -753564,7 +753567,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + @@ -753574,21 +753577,21 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + FMA:15704 anal canal wall uberon UBERON:0036362 wall of anal canal - + - + FMA @@ -753607,19 +753610,19 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + - + FMA:15889 right ureteral wall uberon UBERON:0036375 wall of right ureter - + @@ -753632,7 +753635,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + FMA @@ -753651,12 +753654,12 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + - + FMA:15890 left ureteral wall @@ -753665,7 +753668,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( wall of left ureter - + @@ -753678,7 +753681,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + FMA @@ -753697,19 +753700,19 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + - + FMA:18211 pulmonary arterial wall uberon UBERON:0036422 wall of pulmonary artery - + @@ -753722,7 +753725,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + FMA @@ -753741,14 +753744,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + - + FMA:18303 uterine tube wall wall of oviduct @@ -753757,7 +753760,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0036441 wall of fallopian tube - + @@ -753770,7 +753773,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + FMA @@ -753795,20 +753798,20 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + - + FMA:19779 urethral wall uberon UBERON:0036521 wall of urethra - + @@ -753821,7 +753824,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + FMA @@ -753840,21 +753843,21 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + - + FMA:19971 vaginal wall uberon UBERON:0036523 wall of vagina - + @@ -753867,7 +753870,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + FMA @@ -753886,19 +753889,19 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + - + FMA:231590 uberon UBERON:0036553 wall of synovial tendon sheath - + @@ -753911,7 +753914,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + FMA @@ -753924,25 +753927,25 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + - + FMA:242772 uberon UBERON:0036654 wall of lateral ventricle - + - + FMA @@ -753955,25 +753958,25 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + - + FMA:242774 uberon UBERON:0036655 wall of cerebral aqueduct - + - + FMA @@ -753986,25 +753989,25 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + - + FMA:242776 uberon UBERON:0036656 wall of third ventricle - + - + FMA @@ -754017,25 +754020,25 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + - + FMA:242778 uberon UBERON:0036657 wall of fourth ventricle - + - + FMA @@ -754048,21 +754051,21 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + - + FMA:242780 wall of central canal uberon UBERON:0036658 wall of central canal of spinal cord - + @@ -754075,7 +754078,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + FMA @@ -754094,20 +754097,20 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + - + FMA:242841 uberon UBERON:0036661 wall of ventricular system of brain - + @@ -754120,7 +754123,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + FMA @@ -754133,20 +754136,20 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + - + FMA:58098 eyeball wall uberon UBERON:0036925 wall of eyeball - + @@ -754159,7 +754162,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + FMA @@ -754178,19 +754181,19 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + - + FMA:60069 pharyngotympanic tube wall uberon UBERON:0036990 wall of pharyngotympanic tube - + @@ -754203,7 +754206,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + FMA @@ -754222,21 +754225,21 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + - + FMA:63144 orbit wall uberon UBERON:0037089 wall of orbit - + @@ -754249,7 +754252,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + FMA @@ -754268,19 +754271,19 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + - + FMA:66284 common carotid arterial wall uberon UBERON:0037094 wall of common carotid artery - + @@ -754293,7 +754296,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + FMA @@ -754312,15 +754315,15 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + - - - + + + Wall of organ which has as its parts the endocardium, myocardium , epicardium, and the cardiac septum, surrounded by the pericardial sac proper and is continuous with the walls of the systemic and pulmonary arterial and venous trees. FMA:7274 cardiac wall @@ -754328,15 +754331,15 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0037144 wall of heart - + - + - + @@ -754349,19 +754352,19 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + FMA - + FMA - + FMA @@ -754386,20 +754389,20 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + - + FMA:79837 membranous labyrinth wall uberon UBERON:0037191 wall of membranous labyrinth - + @@ -754412,7 +754415,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + FMA @@ -754431,20 +754434,20 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + - + FMA:85375 lacrimal ductal wall uberon UBERON:0037237 wall of lacrimal duct - + @@ -754457,7 +754460,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + FMA @@ -754476,19 +754479,19 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + - + FMA:19676 male urethral wall uberon UBERON:0037447 wall of male urethra - + @@ -754501,7 +754504,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + FMA @@ -754520,19 +754523,19 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + - + FMA:19780 female urethral wall uberon UBERON:0037455 wall of female urethra - + @@ -754545,7 +754548,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + FMA @@ -754786,14 +754789,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + The part of the human abdomen below the ribs and above the hips, often narrower than the areas above and below. FMA:228775 uberon UBERON:0037468 waist - + @@ -754806,7 +754809,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2825-0621 @@ -755736,7 +755739,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + Gastric lymph node located along the lesser curvature of stomach. FMA:12797 aJCC level 17L node @@ -755745,14 +755748,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0037580 left gastric lymph node - + - + FMA @@ -757156,14 +757159,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + Hepatic lymph node located along the common hepatic artery. FMA:277259 uberon UBERON:0038691 common hepatic lymph node - + @@ -757176,7 +757179,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + FMA @@ -757266,7 +757269,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + Superior pancreatic lymph node located along the proximal segment of splenic artery. FMA:277295 jPS 11p node @@ -757277,7 +757280,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0038695 proximal superior pancreatic lymph node - + @@ -757290,7 +757293,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + FMA @@ -758887,14 +758890,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + FMA:61235 thyroid node uberon UBERON:0038931 thyroid lymph node - + @@ -758907,7 +758910,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + FMA @@ -759385,7 +759388,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + The anterior intercostal branches of internal thoracic artery supply the upper five or six intercostal spaces. FMA:10641 intercostal branch of internal thoracic artery @@ -759393,14 +759396,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0039169 anterior intercostal artery - + - + FMA @@ -759422,21 +759425,21 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + FMA:10648 medial mammary branch of perforating branch of internal thoracic artery uberon UBERON:0039170 mammary branch of internal thoracic artery - + - + FMA @@ -759528,21 +759531,21 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + A lower continuation of the vertebral vein and vertebral venous plexus that passes through the foramen of the transverse process of the 7th cervical vertebra and empties into the brachiocephalic vein. FMA:14290 uberon UBERON:0039185 accessory vertebral vein - + - + FMA @@ -759589,21 +759592,21 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + The suprascapular vein is a vein running above the scapula. It empties into the external jugular vein. FMA:14319 uberon UBERON:0039187 suprascapular vein - + - + FMA @@ -759619,21 +759622,21 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + The superior laryngeal vein is a vein which drains the larynx into the superior thyroid vein. FMA:14324 uberon UBERON:0039188 superior laryngeal vein - + - + FMA @@ -759649,7 +759652,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + @@ -759663,14 +759666,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0039215 appendicular artery - + - + FMA @@ -759704,7 +759707,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + @@ -759720,14 +759723,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/blood-vasculature-female/v1.3/assets/3d-vh-f-blood-vasculature.glb https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/blood-vasculature-male/v1.3/assets/3d-vh-m-blood-vasculature.glb - + - + FMA Wikipedia @@ -759768,20 +759771,20 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + FMA:15395 uberon UBERON:0039228 sigmoid vein - + - + FMA @@ -759856,7 +759859,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + vein ascending the posterior aspect of the body of the pubis to drain into the inferior epigastric vein; this vein frequently (about 20% of patients) serves as an accessory or replaced obturator vein. FMA:21200 accessory obturator vein @@ -759866,14 +759869,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0039256 pubic vein - + - + FMA @@ -759945,20 +759948,20 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + FMA:70346 uberon UBERON:0039260 thyrocervical artery - + - + FMA @@ -760141,21 +760144,21 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + FMA:20886 posterior labial branch of internal pudendal artery uberon UBERON:0039351 posterior labial artery - + - + FMA @@ -760225,7 +760228,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + FMA:21267 bulb of penis vein vena bulbi penis @@ -760233,14 +760236,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:0039376 penile bulb vein - + - + FMA @@ -760279,21 +760282,21 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + A vein that drains the urethra. FMA:21270 uberon UBERON:0039377 urethral vein - + - + FMA @@ -760326,21 +760329,21 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + FMA:21273 vena bulbi vestibuli uberon UBERON:0039379 vestibular bulb vein - + - + FMA @@ -760405,21 +760408,21 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + A vein that drains the prepuce and skin of the penis, and, running backward in the subcutaneous tissue, inclines to the right or left, and opens into the corresponding superficial external pudendal vein, a tributary of the great saphenous vein.. FMA:21384 uberon UBERON:0039421 superficial dorsal vein of penis - + - + FMA @@ -760479,13 +760482,13 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + FMA:10649 uberon UBERON:0039838 seventh anterior intercostal artery - + @@ -760498,7 +760501,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + FMA @@ -760508,13 +760511,13 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + FMA:10650 uberon UBERON:0039839 eighth anterior intercostal artery - + @@ -760527,7 +760530,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + FMA @@ -760537,13 +760540,13 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + FMA:10651 uberon UBERON:0039840 ninth anterior intercostal artery - + @@ -760556,7 +760559,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + FMA @@ -760716,21 +760719,21 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + FMA:10663 transverse scapular artery uberon UBERON:0039847 suprascapular artery - + - + FMA @@ -760877,14 +760880,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + Ovarian vein, each instance of which is a tributary of some inferior vena cava that drains the right pampiniform plexus of some broad ligament. FMA:14342 uberon UBERON:0039856 right ovarian vein - + @@ -760897,7 +760900,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + FMA @@ -761310,7 +761313,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + @@ -761334,14 +761337,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( mole - + - + ZFA @@ -761778,7 +761781,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + @@ -761800,7 +761803,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( UBERON:1000022 Zymbal's gland - + @@ -761814,7 +761817,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + cjm @@ -761857,7 +761860,7 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( - + The parenchyma of the spleen, consisting of lymphocytes and macrophages. It lies between the splenic trabecula. Red pulp is the part suffused with blood and white pulp consists of areas of lymphatic tissue where there are sleeves of lymphocytes and macrophages. EMAPA:35805 @@ -761874,14 +761877,14 @@ According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, ( spleen pulp - + - + FMA @@ -763118,7 +763121,7 @@ Seems out of scope for uberon and/or not very useful as a class. - + Elastoidin fin ray that is slender, sometimes branched distally and present in the embryonic fin fold. Actinotrichia are translucent and exhibit birefringence. This class was sourced from an external ontology (teleost_anatomy). Its definitions, naming conventions and relationships may need to be checked for compatibility with uberon ZFA:0000089 @@ -763129,14 +763132,14 @@ Seems out of scope for uberon and/or not very useful as a class. Actinotrichia are required for lepidotrichium development. They are occasionally retained in adult fishes. Further taxon comments from Witten & Huysseune (2007): 'Actinotrichia are found in the embryonic fin fold, along the outer edge of the fin in Actinopterygii, and in the adipose fin in teleosts (Starck 1979; Géraudie and Meunier 1982; Becerra et al. 1983). Only in polypterids has their presence been reported in the joints between adjacent lepidotrichial elements (Géraudie 1988). In the sarcopterygian lineage, actinotrichia are present in coelacanths (Géraudie and Meunier 1980) and in young dipnoans (Arratia et al. 2001).' actinotrichium - + - + PHENOSCAPE:pm @@ -770768,7 +770771,7 @@ Seems out of scope for uberon and/or not very useful as a class. - + Hindbrain nucleus in the tegmental region of rhombomere 1. The cells of the nucleus are granular and lie at the ventral border of the cerebellum and brain stem. This class was sourced from an external ontology (teleost_anatomy). Its definitions, naming conventions and relationships may need to be checked for compatibility with uberon TAO:0000551 @@ -770777,14 +770780,14 @@ Seems out of scope for uberon and/or not very useful as a class. UBERON:2000551 nucleus lateralis valvulae - + - + michaelerice PMID:2040726 @@ -771619,8 +771622,8 @@ Seems out of scope for uberon and/or not very useful as a class. - - + + Brain structure which is caudally attached to the rostral medulla oblongata and extends into the tectal ventricle. The valvula cerebelli consists of a granular and a molecular layer along with aggregations of large Purkinje and eurydendroid cells and is uniquely present in ray-finned fishes. From Neuroanatomy of the Zebrafish Brain. This class was sourced from an external ontology (teleost_anatomy). Its definitions, naming conventions and relationships may need to be checked for compatibility with uberon TAO:0000603 @@ -771631,24 +771634,24 @@ Seems out of scope for uberon and/or not very useful as a class. UBERON:2000603 valvula cerebelli - + - + - + ZFA - + michaelerice PMID:2040726 @@ -782166,7 +782169,7 @@ Seems out of scope for uberon and/or not very useful as a class. - + @@ -782182,14 +782185,14 @@ Seems out of scope for uberon and/or not very useful as a class. UBERON:2001053 future internal carotid artery - + - + EHDAA2 @@ -784535,7 +784538,7 @@ Seems out of scope for uberon and/or not very useful as a class. - + @@ -784549,14 +784552,14 @@ Seems out of scope for uberon and/or not very useful as a class. UBERON:2001200 corpuscles of Stannius - + - + http://jeb.biologists.org/content/177/1/243.short @@ -823310,18 +823313,18 @@ This may be the same as CoBL. incorrectly generalized to teleosts so being obsol UBERON:3000050 braincase and auditory apparatus - - - - The part of the skull that encloses the brain and surrounds the inner ear. - AAO:LAP - This class was sourced from an external ontology (amphibian_anatomy). Its definitions, naming conventions and relationships may need to be checked for compatibility with uberon http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/aao.owl + + + + The part of the skull that encloses the brain and surrounds the inner ear. + AAO:LAP + @@ -827792,7 +827795,7 @@ This may be the same as CoBL. incorrectly generalized to teleosts so being obsol - + @@ -827805,7 +827808,7 @@ This may be the same as CoBL. incorrectly generalized to teleosts so being obsol UBERON:3000519 pseudodentary tooth - + @@ -827817,7 +827820,7 @@ This may be the same as CoBL. incorrectly generalized to teleosts so being obsol - + cjm @@ -829035,7 +829038,7 @@ This may be the same as CoBL. incorrectly generalized to teleosts so being obsol - + @@ -829048,7 +829051,7 @@ This may be the same as CoBL. incorrectly generalized to teleosts so being obsol UBERON:3000642 maxillopalatine tooth - + @@ -829060,7 +829063,7 @@ This may be the same as CoBL. incorrectly generalized to teleosts so being obsol - + cjm @@ -843021,7 +843024,7 @@ This may be the same as CoBL. incorrectly generalized to teleosts so being obsol - + @@ -843034,14 +843037,14 @@ This may be the same as CoBL. incorrectly generalized to teleosts so being obsol UBERON:3010620 dilatator laryngis - + - + cjm @@ -843431,21 +843434,21 @@ This may be the same as CoBL. incorrectly generalized to teleosts so being obsol - + Hyobranchial muscle used in swallowing. This class was sourced from an external ontology (amphibian_anatomy). Its definitions, naming conventions and relationships may need to be checked for compatibility with uberon uberon UBERON:3010650 cephalodorsosubpharyngeus - + - + cjm @@ -864910,7 +864913,7 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + Head segment derived from the second embryonic segment (between the labral and antennal segments). In the larva, this segment includes Bolwig's organ. FBbt:00000005 @@ -864919,14 +864922,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. UBERON:6000005 insect ocular segment - + - + cjm @@ -865483,21 +865486,21 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + FBbt:00000104 uberon ventral plate UBERON:6000104 insect mesoderm anlage - + - + cjm @@ -865582,7 +865585,7 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + @@ -865598,14 +865601,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. UBERON:6000128 insect trunk mesoderm - + - + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/2050 @@ -865639,20 +865642,20 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + FBbt:00000130 uberon UBERON:6000130 insect visceral mesoderm - + - + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/2050 @@ -870939,12 +870942,6 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. UBERON:6005177 insect chaeta - - - - sensillum chaeticum - FlyBase:FBrf0111704 - @@ -870958,6 +870955,12 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. FBbt:00005177 + + + + sensillum chaeticum + FlyBase:FBrf0111704 + @@ -870997,14 +871000,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + Section of the insect foregut anterior to the esophagus. FBbt:00005380 uberon UBERON:6005380 insect pharynx - + @@ -871017,7 +871020,7 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + FBbt @@ -872571,7 +872574,7 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + @@ -872584,14 +872587,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. UBERON:6026000 insect trunk mesoderm derivative - + - + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/2050 @@ -875579,8 +875582,8 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - - + + A collection of Purkinje fibers that receives signals from the right and left bundle branches and innervates the ventricular cardiac muscle. The Purkinje fiber network creates synchronized contractions of the heart ventricles. Purkinje fibre network @@ -875588,11 +875591,11 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. UBERON:8000009 Purkinje fiber network - + - + @@ -875607,7 +875610,7 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/1785 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5208-3432 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9791-0064 @@ -875615,7 +875618,7 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/1785 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5208-3432 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9791-0064 @@ -876077,7 +876080,7 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + The region of the hepatic acinus that is closest to the arterial blood supply and has the highest oxygen concentration. Zone 1 is located in the periportal region of the liver lobule, closest to the portal triad. Hepatocytes in this region are primarily involved in oxidative energy metabolism. @@ -876087,14 +876090,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. UBERON:8400001 hepatic acinus zone 1 - + - + PMID:28126520 @@ -876122,7 +876125,7 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + The region of the hepatic acinus immediately surrounding the central veins. This region has the lowest oxygen concentration in the acinus. Zone 3 is located in the centrilobular region of the liver lobule, closest to the central vein. Hepatocytes in this region are the primary location for the biotransformation of drugs. @@ -876134,14 +876137,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. UBERON:8400002 hepatic acinus zone 3 - + - + PMID:28126520 @@ -876181,7 +876184,7 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + @@ -876203,14 +876206,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. UBERON:8400003 hepatic acinus zone 2 - + - + PMID:28126520 @@ -876274,7 +876277,7 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + @@ -876290,14 +876293,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. UBERON:8400006 liver lobule periportal region - + - + PMID:28126520 @@ -876325,7 +876328,7 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + @@ -876341,14 +876344,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. UBERON:8400007 liver lobule centrilobular region - + - + PMID:28126520 @@ -876376,7 +876379,7 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + @@ -876398,14 +876401,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. UBERON:8400008 liver lobule midzonal region - + - + PMID:28126520 @@ -892709,6 +892712,27 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. + + + + + The thalamus is composed by two grey matter structure of the diencephalon one in each hemisphere. It is located in the center of the brain, above the mesencephalon and the midbrain. The thalamus is a relay center for sensory and motor informations. It is composed of 50–60 nuclei that project to specific cortical areas, each nucleus can receive inputs from multiple cortical regions, creating feedback loops that enhance relevant signals while suppressing irrelevant ones. The organisation of thalamic afferents and efferents is contralateral, influencing both sensory and motor functions. + + 2024-11-22T14:52:15Z + thalamus + + + + + The thalamus is composed by two grey matter structure of the diencephalon one in each hemisphere. It is located in the center of the brain, above the mesencephalon and the midbrain. The thalamus is a relay center for sensory and motor informations. It is composed of 50–60 nuclei that project to specific cortical areas, each nucleus can receive inputs from multiple cortical regions, creating feedback loops that enhance relevant signals while suppressing irrelevant ones. The organisation of thalamic afferents and efferents is contralateral, influencing both sensory and motor functions. + PMID:12192499 + PMID:26618760 + PMID:28450543 + PMID:31194341 + + + + @@ -892859,14 +892883,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + hagfish have median nostril - + @@ -892880,14 +892904,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + PMID:25312359 - + @@ -892901,14 +892925,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + midface division only makes sense for gnathostomes - + @@ -892922,14 +892946,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + PMID:16417468 - + @@ -892943,14 +892967,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + PMID:16417468 - + @@ -893054,14 +893078,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + ZFS - + @@ -893090,14 +893114,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + FMA - + @@ -893111,14 +893135,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + FMA - + @@ -893177,15 +893201,15 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + female dbpedia-modified - + @@ -893199,15 +893223,15 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + male dbpedia-modified - + @@ -893221,14 +893245,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + PMID:15843440 - + @@ -893257,14 +893281,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + vertebrates - + @@ -893458,14 +893482,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + Wikipedia - + @@ -893479,14 +893503,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + FMA - + @@ -893500,14 +893524,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + FMA - + @@ -893521,14 +893545,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + FMA - + @@ -893542,14 +893566,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + FMA - + @@ -893563,14 +893587,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + FMA - + @@ -893584,14 +893608,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + FMA-abduced-lr - + @@ -893605,14 +893629,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + definitional - + @@ -893626,14 +893650,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + myelin not present in all taxa that have a commissure - + @@ -893647,14 +893671,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/The-neural-crest - + @@ -893713,14 +893737,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + only in species that have a stomach - + @@ -893764,14 +893788,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + Wikipedia:Vitelline_vein - + @@ -893875,14 +893899,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + FMA - + @@ -893936,14 +893960,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + FMA - + @@ -893957,14 +893981,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + PMID:16313389 - + @@ -893978,15 +894002,15 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + Mammals ISBN:0073040584-table13.1 - + @@ -894000,15 +894024,15 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + Mammals ISBN:0073040584-table13.1 - + @@ -894022,15 +894046,15 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + Urodele ISBN:0073040584-table13.1 - + @@ -894044,15 +894068,15 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + Urodele ISBN:0073040584-table13.1 - + @@ -894066,16 +894090,16 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + Anurans ISBN:0073040584-table13.1 XAO - + @@ -894089,15 +894113,15 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + Anurans ISBN:0073040584-table13.1 - + @@ -894111,15 +894135,15 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + Aves ISBN:0073040584-table13.1 - + @@ -894133,15 +894157,15 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + Aves ISBN:0073040584-table13.1 - + @@ -894155,15 +894179,15 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + pouches 3 and 4 in chick PMID:16313389 - + @@ -894177,15 +894201,15 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + pouches 3 and 4 in human PMID:16313389 - + @@ -894199,14 +894223,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + Wikipedia:Vitelline_vein - + @@ -894220,15 +894244,15 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + requires review EHDAA2 - + @@ -894242,15 +894266,15 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + requires review EHDAA2 - + @@ -894264,15 +894288,15 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + may be present in other parts in other species FMA - + @@ -894346,15 +894370,15 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + Lateral margin of coccyx and related border of sacrum dbpedia - + @@ -894368,15 +894392,15 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + Lateral margin of coccyx and related border of sacrum dbpedia - + @@ -894390,14 +894414,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + WP - + @@ -894426,14 +894450,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + FMA - + @@ -894447,15 +894471,15 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + proximally Wikipedia - + @@ -894469,15 +894493,15 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + proximally Wikipedia - + @@ -894491,15 +894515,15 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + radially Wikipedia - + @@ -894513,15 +894537,15 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + ulnar side Wikipedia - + @@ -894535,15 +894559,15 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + distally Wikipedia - + @@ -894557,15 +894581,15 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + distally Wikipedia - + @@ -894579,15 +894603,15 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + distally Wikipedia - + @@ -894723,14 +894747,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + FMA - + @@ -894744,15 +894768,15 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + right arch 4 in human embryology.ch - + @@ -894766,14 +894790,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + FMA - + @@ -894787,14 +894811,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + Wikipedia:Vitelline_vein - + @@ -894808,14 +894832,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + Wikipedia - + @@ -894829,14 +894853,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + PMID:22179203 - + @@ -894865,14 +894889,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + ISBN:080184780X - + @@ -894886,14 +894910,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + FMA - + @@ -894907,14 +894931,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + FMA - + @@ -894928,14 +894952,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + FMA - + @@ -894949,14 +894973,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + FMA - + @@ -894970,14 +894994,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + FMA - + @@ -894991,14 +895015,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + FMA - + @@ -895012,14 +895036,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + FMA - + @@ -895033,14 +895057,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + FMA - + @@ -895054,14 +895078,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + FMA - + @@ -895090,14 +895114,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + WP - + @@ -895111,14 +895135,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + ISBN:0073040584 - + @@ -895132,14 +895156,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + ISBN:0073040584 - + @@ -895153,14 +895177,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + http://www.avdc.org/Nomenclature.pdf - + @@ -895174,14 +895198,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + FMA-implied - + @@ -895222,14 +895246,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + Wikipedia - + @@ -895243,14 +895267,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + Wikipedia - + @@ -895264,14 +895288,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + MP - + @@ -895285,14 +895309,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + MP - + @@ -895323,14 +895347,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + PMC4038951 - + @@ -895344,14 +895368,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + ISBN:080184780X - + @@ -895365,14 +895389,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + FMA - + @@ -895386,14 +895410,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + FMA - + @@ -895437,15 +895461,15 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + teleost NCBIBook:NBK53175 - + @@ -895459,14 +895483,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + Euarchontoglires - + @@ -895495,14 +895519,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + evaginated - + @@ -895516,14 +895540,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + evaginated - + @@ -895567,14 +895591,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/The-neural-crest - + @@ -895588,14 +895612,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + PMID:16417468 - + @@ -895609,14 +895633,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + FMA - + @@ -895630,14 +895654,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + FMA - + @@ -895651,14 +895675,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + FMA - + @@ -895689,16 +895713,16 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + Amphibia AAO Wikipedia - + @@ -895712,14 +895736,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + Wikipedia - + @@ -895733,15 +895757,15 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + UBERON:0011870 or UBERON:0011869 Wikipedia - + @@ -895755,15 +895779,15 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + hamate Wikipedia - + @@ -895777,14 +895801,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + cjm - + @@ -895815,14 +895839,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + NIFSTD - + @@ -895851,14 +895875,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + MP - + @@ -895872,14 +895896,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + MP - + @@ -895893,14 +895917,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + XAO - + @@ -895914,15 +895938,15 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + ISBN:0073040584 Wikipedia - + @@ -895966,14 +895990,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + EHDAA2 - + @@ -896019,14 +896043,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + PMID:16496288 - + @@ -896040,14 +896064,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + FMA - + @@ -896061,14 +896085,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + MP - + @@ -896082,14 +896106,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + JB - + @@ -896103,14 +896127,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + PMID:16417468 - + @@ -896124,14 +896148,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + PMID:16417468 - + @@ -896145,14 +896169,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + FMA - + @@ -896166,15 +896190,15 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + AAO https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/16143 - + @@ -896203,14 +896227,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + shoge-lite - + @@ -896224,14 +896248,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + shoge-lite - + @@ -896245,14 +896269,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + shoge-lite - + @@ -896266,14 +896290,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + shoge-lite - + @@ -896287,14 +896311,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + shoge-lite - + @@ -896308,14 +896332,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + shoge-lite - + @@ -896329,14 +896353,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + shoge-lite - + @@ -896350,14 +896374,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + shoge-lite - + @@ -896371,14 +896395,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + shoge-lite - + @@ -896392,14 +896416,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + shoge-lite - + @@ -896413,14 +896437,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + shoge-lite - + @@ -896434,14 +896458,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + shoge-lite - + @@ -896455,14 +896479,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + shoge-lite - + @@ -896476,14 +896500,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + shoge-lite - + @@ -896497,14 +896521,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + shoge-lite - + @@ -896518,14 +896542,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + shoge-lite - + @@ -896539,14 +896563,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + shoge-lite - + @@ -896560,14 +896584,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + shoge-lite - + @@ -896581,14 +896605,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + shoge-lite - + @@ -896602,14 +896626,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + shoge-lite - + @@ -896623,14 +896647,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + shoge-lite - + @@ -896644,14 +896668,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + shoge-lite - + @@ -896665,14 +896689,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + shoge-lite - + @@ -896686,14 +896710,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + shoge-lite - + @@ -896707,14 +896731,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + shoge-lite - + @@ -896728,14 +896752,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + shoge-lite - + @@ -896749,14 +896773,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + ISBN:9780878932504 - + @@ -896838,14 +896862,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + FMA - + @@ -896859,14 +896883,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + FMA - + @@ -896910,14 +896934,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + ISBN:0073040584 - + @@ -896931,14 +896955,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + PMID:16417468 - + @@ -896952,14 +896976,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + Wikipathways:WP2062 - + @@ -896988,14 +897012,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + Wikipedia - + @@ -897009,14 +897033,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + Wikipedia - + @@ -897060,14 +897084,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + teleosts - + @@ -897081,14 +897105,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + Mammals - + @@ -897132,14 +897156,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + EHDAA2 - + @@ -897153,16 +897177,16 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + Mammals EHDAA2 ISBN:0073040584-table13.1 - + @@ -897176,15 +897200,15 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + Mammals ISBN:0073040584-table13.1 - + @@ -897198,15 +897222,15 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + Elasmobranchii ISBN:0073040584-table13.1 - + @@ -897220,15 +897244,15 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + Elasmobranchii ISBN:0073040584-table13.1 - + @@ -897242,15 +897266,15 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + Elasmobranchii ISBN:0073040584-table13.1 - + @@ -897264,15 +897288,15 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + Elasmobranchii ISBN:0073040584-table13.1 - + @@ -897286,15 +897310,15 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + Urodele ISBN:0073040584-table13.1 - + @@ -897308,15 +897332,15 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + Urodele ISBN:0073040584-table13.1 - + @@ -897330,15 +897354,15 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + Urodele ISBN:0073040584-table13.1 - + @@ -897352,15 +897376,15 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + Anuran ISBN:0073040584-table13.1 - + @@ -897374,15 +897398,15 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + Turtles ISBN:0073040584-table13.1 - + @@ -897396,15 +897420,15 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + Turtles ISBN:0073040584-table13.1 - + @@ -897418,15 +897442,15 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + Lizard ISBN:0073040584-table13.1 - + @@ -897440,15 +897464,15 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + Lizard ISBN:0073040584-table13.1 - + @@ -897462,15 +897486,15 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + Snakes ISBN:0073040584-table13.1 - + @@ -897484,15 +897508,15 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + Snakes ISBN:0073040584-table13.1 - + @@ -897506,15 +897530,15 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + Aves ISBN:0073040584-table13.1 - + @@ -897528,15 +897552,15 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + Aves ISBN:0073040584-table13.1 - + @@ -897550,14 +897574,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + conservatively place at deuterostome, excluding acoelomates - + @@ -897616,14 +897640,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + MP - + @@ -897637,14 +897661,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + XAO-abduced - + @@ -897658,14 +897682,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + FMA - + @@ -897739,14 +897763,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + PMID:3631381 - + @@ -897790,14 +897814,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + AAO - + @@ -897856,14 +897880,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + PMID:11997885 - + @@ -897877,15 +897901,15 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + skin of the upper lip dbpedia - + @@ -897899,14 +897923,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + dbpedia - + @@ -897935,14 +897959,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + DOI:10.1038/ncomms1502 - + @@ -897956,14 +897980,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + DOI:10.1038/ncomms1502 - + @@ -897977,15 +898001,15 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + EHDAA2 ISBN:9780878932504 - + @@ -897999,15 +898023,15 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + Gallus gallus PMID:17051547 - + @@ -898100,14 +898124,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + DOI:10.1007/BF02547558 - + @@ -898121,15 +898145,15 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + Wikipedia:Digastric_muscle Wikipedia:Mastoid_process - + @@ -898160,14 +898184,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + cloacal bursa - + @@ -898181,14 +898205,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + PMID:11479904 - + @@ -898262,14 +898286,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + Wikipedia - + @@ -898283,14 +898307,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + FMA - + @@ -898304,14 +898328,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + PMID:22135653 - + @@ -898325,14 +898349,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + PMID:22135653 - + @@ -898346,14 +898370,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + PMID:22135653 - + @@ -898442,15 +898466,15 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + 15% WP - + @@ -898464,15 +898488,15 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + 85-100% WP - + @@ -898486,16 +898510,16 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + in the opossum the panniculus carnosis attaches to the humerus DOI:10.2307/1373999 FEED:rd - + @@ -898539,14 +898563,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + PMID:7559104 - + @@ -898605,14 +898629,14 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - + - + EHDAA2 - + @@ -898842,5 +898866,5 @@ formulas. Modified from Cooper and Dawson 2009. - +