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<h1 class="page__title title" id="page-title">CC 專題</h1>
<div class="view view-News view-id-News view-display-id-page_2 view-dom-id-4fb2395333cd67a7b314d1b6d92c480d">
<div class="view-content">
<div class="item-list"> <ul class="list-style"> <li class="views-row views-row-1 views-row-odd views-row-first">
<div> <h2 class="content_title"><a href="in-depth/1119.html">從數位遊戲看多「源」素材的授權困境</a></h2> </div>
<div class="views-field views-field-created"> <span class="field-content">2015-06-05</span> </div>
<div class="views-field views-field-field-author"> <div class="field-content">吳蕙盈 /文<br><br></div> </div>
<div class="views-field views-field-field-images"> <div class="field-content"></div> </div>
<div class="views-field views-field-body"> <div class="field-content"><p>新媒體是一個充滿商機創造性的產業，像是處處可見的電玩、動畫、社群網路、遠距離服務、虛擬實境皆可屬之。比起如印刷品等傳統媒體，新媒體透過互動 與使用者參與帶來更深刻的娛樂效果。其中數位遊戲更是結合了許多新媒體的特徵的例子：數位化與互動性，部分也有社群化、網路化等特徵[1]。</p>
<p>隨著各種軟體服務的便利性，像是Unity或是Unreal的遊戲引擎，以及逐漸普及的電腦教育，人人都有機會獲得所需要的技術支援與程式能力，設計出自己 的遊戲。遊戲的開發面向，除了程式撰寫以外，還需要故事規劃、視覺音效以及互動設計等，部分（往往是所有）全數功能的結合，才能完成一個遊戲。因此通常每 一個遊戲創作，都有層層細微分工、精確的工作產出項目：也許一個人負責設計飛雪的粒子效果，另一個人則是設計角色的走路動畫等等，可謂術業有專攻。</p>
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<div class="views-field views-field-view-node readmore"> <span class="field-content"><a href="in-depth/1119.html">閱讀全文</a></span> </div></li>
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<div> <h2 class="content_title"><a href="in-depth/1108.html">數位化公眾領域作品之開放授權初探—以故宮為例</a></h2> </div>
<div class="views-field views-field-created"> <span class="field-content">2015-05-08</span> </div>
<div class="views-field views-field-field-author"> <div class="field-content">柯俊如 /文<br><br></div> </div>
<div class="views-field views-field-field-images"> <div class="field-content"></div> </div>
<div class="views-field views-field-body"> <div class="field-content"><p>博物館最初是貴族富商的私人收藏，往往不開放外人觀看，或只針對特定階級開放。直到1793年法國大革命期間所開設的巴黎羅浮宮，才開始向普羅大眾 開放，而其後的博物館也開始認同作為傳遞知識給社會大眾的角色。如今，想到博物館，不再會有人認為這是一個專屬於特殊階級使用的機構。</p>
<p>隨著世界各博物館紛紛投入藏品數位化的行列，加上網路的使用率越來越普及，似乎博物館在科技的催化下更容易走入平民百姓的生活中。然而，許多數位化後的館藏 只能在館內才能使用，或是必須經歷繁複的申請流程，甚至支付高額費用才能使用。虛擬世界中的博物館不僅未能發揮網路潛能，突破時空限制接觸各式使用者，反 而又像是走回了有所限制的博物館。</p>
</div> </div>
<div class="views-field views-field-term-node-tid"> <strong class="views-label views-label-term-node-tid">Tags: </strong> <span class="field-content"><a href="taxonomy/term/3041.html">OPEN GLAM</a>, <a href="category/tags/public-domain.html">public domain</a>, <a href="category/tags/公眾領域.html">公眾領域</a>, <a href="category/tags/博物館.html">博物館</a>, <a href="taxonomy/term/3054.html">故宮</a>, <a href="taxonomy/term/3042.html">文化機構</a>, <a href="taxonomy/term/2995.html">開放授權</a></span> </div>
<div class="views-field views-field-view-node readmore"> <span class="field-content"><a href="in-depth/1108.html">閱讀全文</a></span> </div></li>
<li class="views-row views-row-3 views-row-odd">
<div> <h2 class="content_title"><a href="in-depth/1096.html">淺談自造者的開放文化與創用CC授權</a></h2> </div>
<div class="views-field views-field-created"> <span class="field-content">2015-04-03</span> </div>
<div class="views-field views-field-field-author"> <div class="field-content">張倚瑄 /文<br><br></div> </div>
<div class="views-field views-field-field-images"> <div class="field-content"></div> </div>
<div class="views-field views-field-body"> <div class="field-content"><p>「自造者（maker）」秉持著創新且不再仰賴標準化的方式解決生活問題，並樂於分享、交換意見，自造者可以是個人也可以是群體，他們有個共通點， 那就是充滿了動手做的熱情。近年以美國為起源地的自造文化悄然而生，並帶動了自造者運動，使製造業民主化的趨勢逐漸成形，全球各地自造空間[註1]、自造 者博覽會（maker faire）如雨後春筍般的出現，似乎意味著二次工業革命所形成的大量且資金密集的生產模式，將不再獨佔鰲頭。</p>
<p>長 期以來製造者與使用者的高度對立，人們因為有各種不同需求，開始發掘問題並試圖解決，進而踏入「自造」的領域。在實體與虛擬社群平台的形成、個人創意位元 化，透過網路與眾人分享，並與數位製造機具結合後，將想法轉化為實體物。曾有人說「數位」改變了音樂、電視、遊戲的形式，如今「數位製造」則是改變製程， 相較於傳統生產製造，當今談論的數位製造是指軟體與硬體的結合。目前生活中我們所熟知的開放源碼軟體產品，如：Firefox, Android，但這種開放概念也逐漸在硬體上發酵，如：Arduino, Raspberry pi等開放硬體[註2]。</p>
</div> </div>
<div class="views-field views-field-view-node readmore"> <span class="field-content"><a href="in-depth/1096.html">閱讀全文</a></span> </div></li>
<li class="views-row views-row-4 views-row-even">
<div> <h2 class="content_title"><a href="in-depth/1098.html">2015 新年特刊</a></h2> </div>
<div class="views-field views-field-created"> <span class="field-content">2015-03-09</span> </div>
<div class="views-field views-field-field-author"> <div class="field-content">創用CC計畫同仁 /文<br><br></div> </div>
<div class="views-field views-field-field-images"> <div class="field-content"></div> </div>
<div class="views-field views-field-body"> <div class="field-content"><p>莊庭瑞（計畫主持人）</p>
<p>諸位讀者新年好！</p>
<p>創用 CC 授權 (Creative Commons Licenses) 在全球以及台灣的使用日漸普遍，其所涉及的開放內容、開放資料、以及公眾領域等議題，也受到密切的關注和討論。受中央研究院「資訊科技創新研究中心」所支 持的「台灣創用 CC 計畫」 (Creative Commons Taiwan)，過去一年也曾多次籌辦關於公眾領域以及開放資料的研討活動，對已不受著作權限制的文化遺產內容、以及非屬著作權範疇的資料集，群力探討其 在自由使用上的原則與實務，以及法律、技術、效益等問題。我們也延續推廣創用 CC 授權條款在教學研究上的使用，尤其著重公部門所產出數位資源的公眾授權使用。過去一年，經由您的關注與參與，計畫同仁得以與您與眾人協力進行這些工作。本 人在此表達由衷感謝之意，並敬祝您新年愉快，事事如意！</p>
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<div> <h2 class="content_title"><a href="in-depth/1095.html">開放教育資源的關鍵影響力</a></h2> </div>
<div class="views-field views-field-created"> <span class="field-content">2015-02-06</span> </div>
<div class="views-field views-field-field-author"> <div class="field-content">柯俊如 /文<br><br></div> </div>
<div class="views-field views-field-field-images"> <div class="field-content"></div> </div>
<div class="views-field views-field-body"> <div class="field-content">
<p>開放教育資源(Open Educational Resources, OER)是任何人可以在網路上自由取用和調整的教學資源，包含課程影片、講義、考題、作業、授課大綱、教科書、線上模擬。這些教學資源的「開放」可以分成 兩個面向，一方面它避免各種技術限制並採用開放授權，使眾人可以在不受科技與法律的阻礙下取得內容；另一方面它則歡迎各種角色根據不同目的共同創造和使 用，產生更為豐富的應用方式。</p>
<p>自從2002年UNESCO提出對於OER的定義及重視後， 許多人都對它抱有厚望，認為它可以增加教育資源選擇權、降低教科書使用成本、即時更新教學內容，特別是開放的授權條款可以讓這些教育資源被重新創作、在創 意加乘下激盪出更多火花。然而，這些都是出於信念和倡議，缺乏實際案例的支持，近幾年來才有人開始了解OER的實際應用情形。</p>
</div> </div>
<div class="views-field views-field-term-node-tid"> <strong class="views-label views-label-term-node-tid">Tags: </strong> <span class="field-content"><a href="category/tags/oer.html">OER</a>, <a href="taxonomy/term/2995.html">開放授權</a>, <a href="taxonomy/term/3050.html">開放教育資源</a></span> </div>
<div class="views-field views-field-view-node readmore"> <span class="field-content"><a href="in-depth/1095.html">閱讀全文</a></span> </div></li>
<li class="views-row views-row-6 views-row-even">
<div> <h2 class="content_title"><a href="in-depth/1086.html">淺談「開放設計」的實踐動能</a></h2> </div>
<div class="views-field views-field-created"> <span class="field-content">2015-01-09</span> </div>
<div class="views-field views-field-field-author"> <div class="field-content">廖軍豪 /文<br><br></div> </div>
<div class="views-field views-field-field-images"> <div class="field-content"></div> </div>
<div class="views-field views-field-body"> <div class="field-content">
<p>記 得某天，看到朋友剪輯影片，聽到他為影片所配的音樂實在很棒，吸引我想找這張音樂專輯，但朋友說這配樂是下載自某位不認識的人：他自己創作音樂， 開放授權讓任何人下載運用。那時，我第一次知道創用CC這東西。但當時還以為創用CC是只和音樂有關，也驚訝世界上好多人願意自行創作音樂，並且授權開放 給全世界任何人聆聽或再運用。直到近年，才更瞭解運用創用CC的創作範疇廣泛，不只音樂可以開放，任何創作形式、內容，都可以開放共享。筆者個人很喜歡創 用CC開放的概念，而在設計相關領域「開放」更接近設計為「改善人們生活中問題」、「促使生活更加便利」的本質。</p>
<p>開放設計的思潮與實踐關鍵</p>
<p>設計的開放發展如何呢？可從設計的定義來談。「設計」的範疇和定義廣泛，指稱名詞時，是指具體設計物、設計產出視覺物件；動詞使用時，則是一種以新 的思考、 新的方式，進行規劃、安排，探索找尋問題的解決過程。「開放」與後者有相當大的關係。雖然，在認知中，設計常是為滿足商業市場而進行與產出，但若是看待設 計為一種解決問題的方法，其實設計早已經在開放。當初世界上第一位設計出筷子的人，若是他緊抓這樣的設計不開放，可能到現在人們都還得用手來吃飯。我們實 在需要感謝，許許多多與人類基本生存相關的設計，背後的設計師許多已不可考，但因為他們不只是為了商業利益而封閉限制，有開放、有分享，才不斷有人能在這 些基礎上，在不斷的貢獻創新，使人類生活更進步便利。</p>
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<div> <h2 class="content_title"><a href="in-depth/1077.html">維護公眾共享空間--思想與表達之區分或合併原則</a></h2> </div>
<div class="views-field views-field-created"> <span class="field-content">2014-12-05</span> </div>
<div class="views-field views-field-field-author"> <div class="field-content">劉芊影 /文<br><br></div> </div>
<div class="views-field views-field-field-images"> <div class="field-content"></div> </div>
<div class="views-field views-field-body"> <div class="field-content">Creative Commons 是一個全球性的運動，當著作受到著作權法的保護時，只要權利人依照 Creative Commons 提供的授權條款選擇授權範圍，利用者只要確認權利人所標示的授權內容，即不需要再向權利人一一聯繫取得授權，可以說，這種事先的授權機制，能夠降低雙方聯 繫的困難與時間上的成本，並進一步擴大公眾得「不問可取」，進行再創作的共享領域 (Commons) 素材。然而，若是素材並沒有經過創用CC授權授權釋出，是不是代表該素材全然沒有其他被利用的空間呢？
</div> </div>
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<div> <h2 class="content_title"><a href="in-depth/1069.html">開源並嵌入CC授權選項的多媒體分享平台 - MediaGoblin</a></h2> </div>
<div class="views-field views-field-created"> <span class="field-content">2014-11-07</span> </div>
<div class="views-field views-field-field-author"> <div class="field-content">王家薰 / 文<br><br></div> </div>
<div class="views-field views-field-field-images"> <div class="field-content"><div class="crop"><a href="in-depth/1069.html"><img typeof="foaf:Image" src="sites/creativecommons.tw/files/styles/news-list/public/imagecache/indepth-img/mediagoblin_postcard-preview9_0.png%3Fitok=TdYj6koi" width="690" height="250" alt="" /></a></div></div> </div>
<div class="views-field views-field-body"> <div class="field-content"><p>MediaGoblin 是一套可由使用者自行架設的多媒體分享平台，使用者自行架設專案平台之後，能於其上存放照片、影像、音訊、文件，甚至是 3D 設計的 stl 檔案格式，並提供完整的創用CC 授權及其他公眾授權方式的設置選項。由於其開放源碼之故，使用者可以查看軟體本身的程式源碼，只要具有該領域的軟體撰寫能力，後續便可以依己意自由地修改及客製化想要的功能，非常適合推薦給具備基礎 Linux 系統操作知識，且對多媒體分享平台有自主化需求的使用者來安裝運用。</p>
</div> </div>
<div class="views-field views-field-term-node-tid"> <strong class="views-label views-label-term-node-tid">Tags: </strong> <span class="field-content"><a href="taxonomy/term/3025.html">Mediagoblin</a>, <a href="taxonomy/term/3026.html">OpenSource</a></span> </div>
<div class="views-field views-field-view-node readmore"> <span class="field-content"><a href="in-depth/1069.html">閱讀全文</a></span> </div></li>
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<div> <h2 class="content_title"><a href="in-depth/1021.html">媒體近用與公眾授權 </a></h2> </div>
<div class="views-field views-field-created"> <span class="field-content">2014-10-03</span> </div>
<div class="views-field views-field-field-author"> <div class="field-content">周文茵 /文<br><br></div> </div>
<div class="views-field views-field-field-images"> <div class="field-content"></div> </div>
<div class="views-field views-field-body"> <div class="field-content"><p>「媒體」廣義來看，即為媒介，舉凡所有傳遞訊息的載體，皆可屬之。近年來，公民參與意識抬頭，廣為提倡「媒體近用（media access）」概念，主張公眾有接近使用媒體的自由。所謂「媒體近用」，根據文化部影視及流行音樂產業局提及：依據公平的原則，讓每一個人與多元的社會 團體，有機會在媒體上，發表自己對於公共議題的想法。</p>
<p>上述基礎奠基於1984年「聯合國人權宣言」內容。不難想見，媒體在民主社會的重要性，即在於能建構一個自由的公共場域，讓公眾能有一定程度的機會接近並使用各種類樣的媒體，以參與呈現多元觀點。這也是媒體近用的價值所在。</p>
<p>關鍵字：媒體近用、創用CC授權、公眾授權、開放授權</p>
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<div class="views-field views-field-view-node readmore"> <span class="field-content"><a href="in-depth/1021.html">閱讀全文</a></span> </div></li>
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<div> <h2 class="content_title"><a href="in-depth/1014.html">開放近用的公眾領域</a></h2> </div>
<div class="views-field views-field-created"> <span class="field-content">2014-09-05</span> </div>
<div class="views-field views-field-field-author"> <div class="field-content">莊庭瑞 /文<br><br></div> </div>
<div class="views-field views-field-field-images"> <div class="field-content"></div> </div>
<div class="views-field views-field-body"> <div class="field-content"><p>把「開放近用」(Open Access)和「公眾領域」(Public Domain)兩類概念併連，成為這篇短文的標題，是有些奇怪。公眾領域內的作品，不受著作權法的限制，任何人可以自由使用。至於開放近用，一般是指已公 開的資訊，方便眾人親近使用。屬於公眾領域的，就已是開放近用，不是嗎？</p>
<p>在理想的情境下，的確我們不需要再強調公眾領域的開放近用 特性。但是，現實上許多屬於公眾領域的，卻常不能被眾人自由取得、再次使用。公眾領域的概念，本質上已有些模糊，概指已超過著作權法保護年限的作品（或是 自始即不受保護的對象，如法律條文、政府公文書等），沒有使用上的限制。著作一旦「落入」(fall into)公眾領域，該作品即可被任意使用，這是一般的認知。也就是，公眾領域被認為具有一界線的領域，跨過此界線的即屬於公眾，任何人不得設限。但是， 哪些著作已跨越此界線，卻常不清楚。這常要看著作是否已過保護年限（台灣為五十年，美國為七十年），而這又跟著作人是否已死亡相關（或是其初次出版時間相 關）。這也跟所適用的著作權法為何、該著作的出版時地、以及著作權人當初是否另有權利上的安排等因素有關。這些因素也是每年變動的（「今年剛好滿五十年 了!」）。</p>
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