diff --git a/optuna_dashboard/artifact/_backend_to_store.py b/optuna_dashboard/artifact/_backend_to_store.py
index 9fe41aa3c..0532e6268 100644
--- a/optuna_dashboard/artifact/_backend_to_store.py
+++ b/optuna_dashboard/artifact/_backend_to_store.py
@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@
 
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
 
+from optuna_dashboard.artifact.exceptions import ArtifactNotFound as DashboardArtifactNotFound
+
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from typing import BinaryIO
@@ -30,10 +32,20 @@ def __init__(self, artifact_backend: ArtifactBackend) -> None:
         self._backend = artifact_backend
 
     def open_reader(self, artifact_id: str) -> BinaryIO:
-        return self._backend.open(artifact_id)
+        from optuna.artifacts.exceptions import ArtifactNotFound
+
+        try:
+            return self._backend.open(artifact_id)
+        except DashboardArtifactNotFound as e:
+            raise ArtifactNotFound from e
 
     def write(self, artifact_id: str, content_body: BinaryIO) -> None:
         self._backend.write(artifact_id, content_body)
 
     def remove(self, artifact_id: str) -> None:
-        self._backend.remove(artifact_id)
+        from optuna.artifacts.exceptions import ArtifactNotFound
+
+        try:
+            self._backend.remove(artifact_id)
+        except DashboardArtifactNotFound as e:
+            raise ArtifactNotFound from e
diff --git a/python_tests/artifact/test_backend.py b/python_tests/artifact/test_backend.py
index 165c50299..8325343b0 100644
--- a/python_tests/artifact/test_backend.py
+++ b/python_tests/artifact/test_backend.py
@@ -9,6 +9,9 @@
 from optuna.storages import BaseStorage
 from optuna_dashboard._app import create_app
 from optuna_dashboard.artifact import _backend
+from optuna_dashboard.artifact import upload_artifact as dashboard_upload_artifact
+from optuna_dashboard.artifact._backend_to_store import to_artifact_store
+from optuna_dashboard.artifact.file_system import FileSystemBackend
 import pytest
 
 from ..wsgi_client import send_request
@@ -298,3 +301,31 @@ def test_delete_trial_artifact() -> None:
             "DELETE",
         )
         assert status == 404
+
+
+# Check the backward compatibility with the artifact backend.
+def test_delete_artifact_with_dashboard_file_system_backend() -> None:
+    storage = optuna.storages.InMemoryStorage()
+    study = optuna.create_study(storage=storage)
+    trial = study.ask()
+    with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmpdir:
+        artifact_backend = FileSystemBackend(tmpdir)
+        with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile() as f:
+            f.write(b"dummy_content")
+            f.flush()
+            artifact_id = dashboard_upload_artifact(artifact_backend, trial, f.name)
+
+        artifact_store = to_artifact_store(artifact_backend)
+        app = create_app(storage, artifact_store)
+        status, _, _ = send_request(
+            app,
+            f"/api/artifacts/{study._study_id}/{trial._trial_id}/{artifact_id}",
+            "DELETE",
+        )
+        assert status == 204
+        status, _, _ = send_request(
+            app,
+            f"/api/artifacts/{study._study_id}/{trial._trial_id}/{artifact_id}",
+            "DELETE",
+        )
+        assert status == 404