From 8e4a20e29761f0354049456e84351931fd085e1f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "J.Stark" Date: Mon, 25 Mar 2024 17:03:22 +0100 Subject: [PATCH] revising... --- chapters/diffequation.md | 4 +-- chapters/maths.md | 61 +++++++++++++++------------------------- 2 files changed, 24 insertions(+), 41 deletions(-) diff --git a/chapters/diffequation.md b/chapters/diffequation.md index 3acc482..81fece4 100644 --- a/chapters/diffequation.md +++ b/chapters/diffequation.md @@ -16,12 +16,12 @@ In this chapter we focus on the ODE and introduce what is it, how it can be solv Generally, an ODE can be expressed as: -$$ F(x, y^{'}, y^{''}, \ldots, y^{(n)}) = 0.$$ {#eq:diffequation:ode-def} +$$ F(x, y^{'}, y^{''}, \ldots, y^{(n)}) = 0.$$ The differential equations model dynamic systems, and the initial status of the system is often known. That is called *initial values*. They can be represented as: -$$y|_{x=x_0} = y_0, y^{'}|_{x=x_1} = y_1, \ldots ,$${#eq:diffequation:init} +$$y|_{x=x_0} = y_0, y^{'}|_{x=x_1} = y_1, \ldots $$ where the $y_0$, $y_1$, etc. are known. The highest order of derivatives that are used in [@eq:diffequation:ode-def] is the *order* of this differential equation. diff --git a/chapters/maths.md b/chapters/maths.md index f943f09..0880db5 100644 --- a/chapters/maths.md +++ b/chapters/maths.md @@ -25,27 +25,18 @@ You can use these unary functions easily from the `Maths` module. For example: The [@tbl:maths:basic_unary] lists these unary functions supported in this module. ------------- ------------------------------------------------------- -Function Explanation ------------- ------------------------------------------------------- -`abs` `|x|` - -`neg` `-x` - -`reci` `1/x` - -`floor` the largest integer that is smaller than `x` +Function | Explanation +------------ | ------------------------------------------------------- +`abs` | `|x|` +`neg` | `-x` +`reci` | `1/x` +`floor` | the largest integer that is smaller than `x` +`ceil` | the smallest integer that is larger than `x` +`round` | rounds `x` towards the bigger integer when on the fence +`trunc` | integer part of `x` +`sqr` | $x^2$ +`sqrt` | $\sqrt{x}$ -`ceil` the smallest integer that is larger than `x` - -`round` rounds `x` towards the bigger integer when on the fence - -`trunc` integer part of `x` - -`sqr` $x^2$ - -`sqrt` $\sqrt{x}$ ------------- ------------------------------------------------------- : Basic unary math functions {#tbl:maths:basic_unary} ### Basic Binary Functions @@ -53,26 +44,18 @@ Function Explanation Unlike the unary ones, the *binary functions* take two floats as inputs and return one float as output. Most common arithmetic functions belong to this category, as shown in [@tbl:maths:binary]. ------------- ------------------------------------------------------- -Function Explanation ------------- ------------------------------------------------------- -`add` `x + y` - -`sub` `x - y` - -`mul` `x * y` +Function | Explanation +------------ | ------------------------------------------------------- +`add` | `x + y` +`sub` | `x - y` +`mul` | `x * y` +`div` | `x / y` +`fmod` | `x % y` +`pow` | $$x^y$$ +`hypot` | $$\sqrt{x^2 + y^2}$$ +`atan2` | returns $$\arctan(y/x)$$, accounting for the sign of the + | arguments; this is the angle to the vector $$(x, y)$$ counting from the x-axis. -`div` `x / y` - -`fmod` `x % y` - -`pow` $x^y$ - -`hypot` $\sqrt{x^2 + y^2}$ - -`atan2` returns $\arctan(y/x)$, accounting for the sign of the - arguments; this is the angle to the vector $(x, y)$ counting from the x-axis. ------------- ------------------------------------------------------- : Binary math functions {#tbl:maths:binary} ### Exponential and Logarithmic Functions