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debian10_install.md

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debain 10 安装纪录

1. 镜像下载: debian 10 dvd 完遬镜像 4G

  • 添加/etc/apt/source.list

2. 处理显卡驱动lscpi -vv | grep -i VGA

查看显卡驱动状态

00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation Device 9b41 (rev 02) (prog-if 00 [VGA controller])
        Subsystem: Lenovo Device 22af
        Control: I/O+ Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx+
        Status: Cap+ 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx-
        Latency: 0
        Interrupt: pin A routed to IRQ 158
        Region 0: Memory at ed000000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=16M]
        Region 2: Memory at d0000000 (64-bit, prefetchable) [size=256M]
        Region 4: I/O ports at 4000 [size=64]
        [virtual] Expansion ROM at 000c0000 [disabled] [size=128K]
        Capabilities: <access denied>
        Kernel driver in use: i915    //查看driver 是否在使用
        Kernel modules: i915

如无法安装，则使用闭源驱动 dpkg -r xserver-xorg-video-esva 详情见:https://wiki.debian.org/zh_CN/NvidiaGraphicsDrivers#vesa 再启动startx 成功

3 处理网卡驱动

查看lspci -vv | grep network 00:14.3 Network controller: Intel Corporation Device 02f0 详情如下:

00:14.3 Network controller: Intel Corporation Device 02f0
        Subsystem: Intel Corporation Device 0070
        Control: I/O- Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx+
        Status: Cap+ 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx-
        Latency: 0
        Interrupt: pin A routed to IRQ 161
        Region 0: Memory at ef738000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=16K]
        Capabilities: <access denied>
        Kernel driver in use: iwlwifi
        Kernel modules: iwlwifi

如果启无线网卡驱动状态启用失败，此时 安装新版内核

https://wiki.debian.org/iwlwifi ii firmware-iwlwifi 20200918-1~bpo10+1 all Binary firmware for Intel Wireless cards

在加载内核模块时提示无权限: modprobe iwlwifi

原因Secure EFI 控制阻止加载，需要关闭关闭Secure Boot 见https://wiki.debian.org/SecureBoot

In case it is difficult to control Secure Boot state through the EFI setup program, mokutil can also be used to disable or re-enable Secure Boot for operating systems loaded through shim and GRUB:

Run: mokutil --disable-validation or mokutil --enable-validation.

Choose a password between 8 and 16 characters long. Enter the same password to confirm it.
Reboot.
When prompted, press a key to perform MOK management.
Select "Change Secure Boot state".
Enter each requested character of your chosen password to confirm the change. Note that you have to press Return/Enter after each character.
Select "Yes".
Select "Reboot".

完成成重启系统，网卡和显示正常。。。

无法播放声音的办法

  • 查看网卡驱动是否正常
➜  ~ lspci -vv -s 00:1f.3
00:1f.3 Audio device: Intel Corporation Device 02c8 (prog-if 80)
        Subsystem: Lenovo Device 22af
        Control: I/O- Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx+
        Status: Cap+ 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx-
        Latency: 64
        Interrupt: pin A routed to IRQ 162
        Region 0: Memory at ef73c000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=16K]
        Region 4: Memory at eea00000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=1M]
        Capabilities: <access denied>
        Kernel driver in use: sof-audio-pci   // 查看到此时系统使用的驱动与硬件驱动不一样，需要调整治
        Kernel modules: snd_hda_intel, snd_sof_pci
  • 处理方法 `` lsmod | grep snd_hda_intel snd_hda_intel 57344 6 snd_intel_dspcfg 24576 3 snd_hda_intel,snd_sof_pci,snd_sof_intel_hda_common snd_hda_codec 163840 5 snd_hda_codec_generic,snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_hda_intel,snd_hda_codec_realtek,snd_soc_hdac_hda
    snd_hda_core 106496 9 snd_hda_codec_generic,snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_hda_intel,snd_hda_ext_core,snd_hda_codec,snd_hda_codec_realtek,snd_sof_intel_hda_common,snd_soc_hdac_hda,snd_sof_intel_hda snd_pcm 131072 9 snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_hda_intel,snd_hda_codec,snd_sof,snd_sof_intel_hda_common,snd_compress,snd_soc_core,snd_hda_core
    snd 106496 22 snd_hda_codec_generic,snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_hwdep,snd_hda_intel,snd_hda_codec,snd_hda_codec_realtek,snd_timer,snd_compress,thinkpad_acpi,snd_soc_core,snd_pcm
内核已加载此模块，只有没关联硬件上
需要改grub, 优先使用snd_hda_intel
编辑Linux Kernel启动项：这里以使用人数最多的Grub2为例子：
在/etc/default/grub里编辑，在GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT加上

GRUB_DEFAULT=0 GRUB_TIMEOUT=5 GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR=lsb_release -i -s 2> /dev/null || echo Debian GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet snd_hda_intel.dmic_detect=0" GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=""

snd_hda_intel.dmic_detect=0
然后保存退出，重新生成Grub Config：（注意提权）
grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg
 重启一下，就能看到Intel的声卡控制芯片了～
 此时查看声卡驱动

➜ ~ lspci -vv -s 00:1f.3 00:1f.3 Audio device: Intel Corporation Device 02c8 (prog-if 80) Subsystem: Lenovo Device 22af Control: I/O- Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx+
Status: Cap+ 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- SERR- <PERR- INTx-
Latency: 64 Interrupt: pin A routed to IRQ 162 Region 0: Memory at ef73c000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=16K] Region 4: Memory at eea00000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=1M] Capabilities: Kernel driver in use: snd_hda_intel Kernel modules: snd_hda_intel, snd_sof_pci