Laravel includes a variety of global "helper" PHP functions. Many of these functions are used by the framework itself; however, you are free to use them in your own applications if you find them convenient.
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__ class_basename e preg_replace_array Str::after Str::afterLast Str::ascii Str::before Str::beforeLast Str::between Str::camel Str::contains Str::containsAll Str::endsWith Str::finish Str::is Str::isAscii Str::isUuid Str::kebab Str::length Str::limit Str::lower Str::markdown Str::orderedUuid Str::padBoth Str::padLeft Str::padRight Str::plural Str::pluralStudly Str::random Str::replaceArray Str::replaceFirst Str::replaceLast Str::singular Str::slug Str::snake Str::start Str::startsWith Str::studly Str::substr Str::substrCount Str::title Str::ucfirst Str::upper Str::uuid Str::words trans trans_choice
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The Arr::accessible method determines if the given value is array accessible:
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
use Illuminate\Support\Collection;
$isAccessible = Arr::accessible(['a' => 1, 'b' => 2]);
// true
$isAccessible = Arr::accessible(new Collection);
// true
$isAccessible = Arr::accessible('abc');
// false
$isAccessible = Arr::accessible(new stdClass);
// false
The Arr::add method adds a given key / value pair to an array if the given key doesn't already exist in the array or is set to null:
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$array = Arr::add(['name' => 'Desk'], 'price', 100);
// ['name' => 'Desk', 'price' => 100]
$array = Arr::add(['name' => 'Desk', 'price' => null], 'price', 100);
// ['name' => 'Desk', 'price' => 100]
The Arr::collapse method collapses an array of arrays into a single array:
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$array = Arr::collapse([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9]]);
// [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
The Arr::crossJoin method cross joins the given arrays, returning a Cartesian product with all possible permutations:
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$matrix = Arr::crossJoin([1, 2], ['a', 'b']);
/*
[
[1, 'a'],
[1, 'b'],
[2, 'a'],
[2, 'b'],
]
*/
$matrix = Arr::crossJoin([1, 2], ['a', 'b'], ['I', 'II']);
/*
[
[1, 'a', 'I'],
[1, 'a', 'II'],
[1, 'b', 'I'],
[1, 'b', 'II'],
[2, 'a', 'I'],
[2, 'a', 'II'],
[2, 'b', 'I'],
[2, 'b', 'II'],
]
*/
The Arr::divide method returns two arrays: one containing the keys and the other containing the values of the given array:
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
[$keys, $values] = Arr::divide(['name' => 'Desk']);
// $keys: ['name']
// $values: ['Desk']
The Arr::dot method flattens a multi-dimensional array into a single level array that uses "dot" notation to indicate depth:
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$array = ['products' => ['desk' => ['price' => 100]]];
$flattened = Arr::dot($array);
// ['products.desk.price' => 100]
The Arr::except method removes the given key / value pairs from an array:
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$array = ['name' => 'Desk', 'price' => 100];
$filtered = Arr::except($array, ['price']);
// ['name' => 'Desk']
The Arr::exists method checks that the given key exists in the provided array:
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$array = ['name' => 'John Doe', 'age' => 17];
$exists = Arr::exists($array, 'name');
// true
$exists = Arr::exists($array, 'salary');
// false
The Arr::first method returns the first element of an array passing a given truth test:
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$array = [100, 200, 300];
$first = Arr::first($array, function ($value, $key) {
return $value >= 150;
});
// 200
A default value may also be passed as the third parameter to the method. This value will be returned if no value passes the truth test:
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$first = Arr::first($array, $callback, $default);
The Arr::flatten method flattens a multi-dimensional array into a single level array:
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$array = ['name' => 'Joe', 'languages' => ['PHP', 'Ruby']];
$flattened = Arr::flatten($array);
// ['Joe', 'PHP', 'Ruby']
The Arr::forget method removes a given key / value pair from a deeply nested array using "dot" notation:
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$array = ['products' => ['desk' => ['price' => 100]]];
Arr::forget($array, 'products.desk');
// ['products' => []]
The Arr::get method retrieves a value from a deeply nested array using "dot" notation:
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$array = ['products' => ['desk' => ['price' => 100]]];
$price = Arr::get($array, 'products.desk.price');
// 100
The Arr::get method also accepts a default value, which will be returned if the specified key is not present in the array:
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$discount = Arr::get($array, 'products.desk.discount', 0);
// 0
The Arr::has method checks whether a given item or items exists in an array using "dot" notation:
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$array = ['product' => ['name' => 'Desk', 'price' => 100]];
$contains = Arr::has($array, 'product.name');
// true
$contains = Arr::has($array, ['product.price', 'product.discount']);
// false
The Arr::hasAny method checks whether any item in a given set exists in an array using "dot" notation:
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$array = ['product' => ['name' => 'Desk', 'price' => 100]];
$contains = Arr::hasAny($array, 'product.name');
// true
$contains = Arr::hasAny($array, ['product.name', 'product.discount']);
// true
$contains = Arr::hasAny($array, ['category', 'product.discount']);
// false
The Arr::isAssoc returns true if the given array is an associative array. An array is considered "associative" if it doesn't have sequential numerical keys beginning with zero:
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$isAssoc = Arr::isAssoc(['product' => ['name' => 'Desk', 'price' => 100]]);
// true
$isAssoc = Arr::isAssoc([1, 2, 3]);
// false
The Arr::last method returns the last element of an array passing a given truth test:
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$array = [100, 200, 300, 110];
$last = Arr::last($array, function ($value, $key) {
return $value >= 150;
});
// 300
A default value may be passed as the third argument to the method. This value will be returned if no value passes the truth test:
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$last = Arr::last($array, $callback, $default);
The Arr::only method returns only the specified key / value pairs from the given array:
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$array = ['name' => 'Desk', 'price' => 100, 'orders' => 10];
$slice = Arr::only($array, ['name', 'price']);
// ['name' => 'Desk', 'price' => 100]
The Arr::pluck method retrieves all of the values for a given key from an array:
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$array = [
['developer' => ['id' => 1, 'name' => 'Taylor']],
['developer' => ['id' => 2, 'name' => 'Abigail']],
];
$names = Arr::pluck($array, 'developer.name');
// ['Taylor', 'Abigail']
You may also specify how you wish the resulting list to be keyed:
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$names = Arr::pluck($array, 'developer.name', 'developer.id');
// [1 => 'Taylor', 2 => 'Abigail']
The Arr::prepend method will push an item onto the beginning of an array:
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$array = ['one', 'two', 'three', 'four'];
$array = Arr::prepend($array, 'zero');
// ['zero', 'one', 'two', 'three', 'four']
If needed, you may specify the key that should be used for the value:
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$array = ['price' => 100];
$array = Arr::prepend($array, 'Desk', 'name');
// ['name' => 'Desk', 'price' => 100]
The Arr::pull method returns and removes a key / value pair from an array:
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$array = ['name' => 'Desk', 'price' => 100];
$name = Arr::pull($array, 'name');
// $name: Desk
// $array: ['price' => 100]
A default value may be passed as the third argument to the method. This value will be returned if the key doesn't exist:
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$value = Arr::pull($array, $key, $default);
The Arr::query method converts the array into a query string:
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$array = [
'name' => 'Taylor',
'order' => [
'column' => 'created_at',
'direction' => 'desc'
]
];
Arr::query($array);
// name=Taylor&order[column]=created_at&order[direction]=desc
The Arr::random method returns a random value from an array:
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$array = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
$random = Arr::random($array);
// 4 - (retrieved randomly)
You may also specify the number of items to return as an optional second argument. Note that providing this argument will return an array even if only one item is desired:
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$items = Arr::random($array, 2);
// [2, 5] - (retrieved randomly)
The Arr::set method sets a value within a deeply nested array using "dot" notation:
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$array = ['products' => ['desk' => ['price' => 100]]];
Arr::set($array, 'products.desk.price', 200);
// ['products' => ['desk' => ['price' => 200]]]
The Arr::shuffle method randomly shuffles the items in the array:
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$array = Arr::shuffle([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]);
// [3, 2, 5, 1, 4] - (generated randomly)
The Arr::sort method sorts an array by its values:
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$array = ['Desk', 'Table', 'Chair'];
$sorted = Arr::sort($array);
// ['Chair', 'Desk', 'Table']
You may also sort the array by the results of a given closure:
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$array = [
['name' => 'Desk'],
['name' => 'Table'],
['name' => 'Chair'],
];
$sorted = array_values(Arr::sort($array, function ($value) {
return $value['name'];
}));
/*
[
['name' => 'Chair'],
['name' => 'Desk'],
['name' => 'Table'],
]
*/
The Arr::sortRecursive method recursively sorts an array using the sort function for numerically indexed sub-arrays and the ksort function for associative sub-arrays:
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$array = [
['Roman', 'Taylor', 'Li'],
['PHP', 'Ruby', 'JavaScript'],
['one' => 1, 'two' => 2, 'three' => 3],
];
$sorted = Arr::sortRecursive($array);
/*
[
['JavaScript', 'PHP', 'Ruby'],
['one' => 1, 'three' => 3, 'two' => 2],
['Li', 'Roman', 'Taylor'],
]
*/
The Arr::where method filters an array using the given closure:
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$array = [100, '200', 300, '400', 500];
$filtered = Arr::where($array, function ($value, $key) {
return is_string($value);
});
// [1 => '200', 3 => '400']
The Arr::wrap method wraps the given value in an array. If the given value is already an array it be returned without modification:
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$string = 'Laravel';
$array = Arr::wrap($string);
// ['Laravel']
If the given value is null, an empty array will be returned:
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
$array = Arr::wrap(null);
// []
The data_fill function sets a missing value within a nested array or object using "dot" notation:
$data = ['products' => ['desk' => ['price' => 100]]];
data_fill($data, 'products.desk.price', 200);
// ['products' => ['desk' => ['price' => 100]]]
data_fill($data, 'products.desk.discount', 10);
// ['products' => ['desk' => ['price' => 100, 'discount' => 10]]]
This function also accepts asterisks as wildcards and will fill the target accordingly:
$data = [
'products' => [
['name' => 'Desk 1', 'price' => 100],
['name' => 'Desk 2'],
],
];
data_fill($data, 'products.*.price', 200);
/*
[
'products' => [
['name' => 'Desk 1', 'price' => 100],
['name' => 'Desk 2', 'price' => 200],
],
]
*/
The data_get function retrieves a value from a nested array or object using "dot" notation:
$data = ['products' => ['desk' => ['price' => 100]]];
$price = data_get($data, 'products.desk.price');
// 100
The data_get function also accepts a default value, which will be returned if the specified key is not found:
$discount = data_get($data, 'products.desk.discount', 0);
// 0
The function also accepts wildcards using asterisks, which may target any key of the array or object:
$data = [
'product-one' => ['name' => 'Desk 1', 'price' => 100],
'product-two' => ['name' => 'Desk 2', 'price' => 150],
];
data_get($data, '*.name');
// ['Desk 1', 'Desk 2'];
The data_set function sets a value within a nested array or object using "dot" notation:
$data = ['products' => ['desk' => ['price' => 100]]];
data_set($data, 'products.desk.price', 200);
// ['products' => ['desk' => ['price' => 200]]]
This function also accepts wildcards using asterisks and will set values on the target accordingly:
$data = [
'products' => [
['name' => 'Desk 1', 'price' => 100],
['name' => 'Desk 2', 'price' => 150],
],
];
data_set($data, 'products.*.price', 200);
/*
[
'products' => [
['name' => 'Desk 1', 'price' => 200],
['name' => 'Desk 2', 'price' => 200],
],
]
*/
By default, any existing values are overwritten. If you wish to only set a value if it doesn't exist, you may pass false as the fourth argument to the function:
$data = ['products' => ['desk' => ['price' => 100]]];
data_set($data, 'products.desk.price', 200, $overwrite = false);
// ['products' => ['desk' => ['price' => 100]]]
The head function returns the first element in the given array:
$array = [100, 200, 300];
$first = head($array);
// 100
The last function returns the last element in the given array:
$array = [100, 200, 300];
$last = last($array);
// 300
The app_path function returns the fully qualified path to your application's app directory. You may also use the app_path function to generate a fully qualified path to a file relative to the application directory:
$path = app_path();
$path = app_path('Http/Controllers/Controller.php');
The base_path function returns the fully qualified path to your application's root directory. You may also use the base_path function to generate a fully qualified path to a given file relative to the project root directory:
$path = base_path();
$path = base_path('vendor/bin');
The config_path function returns the fully qualified path to your application's config directory. You may also use the config_path function to generate a fully qualified path to a given file within the application's configuration directory:
$path = config_path();
$path = config_path('app.php');
The database_path function returns the fully qualified path to your application's database directory. You may also use the database_path function to generate a fully qualified path to a given file within the database directory:
$path = database_path();
$path = database_path('factories/UserFactory.php');
The mix function returns the path to a versioned Mix file:
$path = mix('css/app.css');
The public_path function returns the fully qualified path to your application's public directory. You may also use the public_path function to generate a fully qualified path to a given file within the public directory:
$path = public_path();
$path = public_path('css/app.css');
The resource_path function returns the fully qualified path to your application's resources directory. You may also use the resource_path function to generate a fully qualified path to a given file within the resources directory:
$path = resource_path();
$path = resource_path('sass/app.scss');
The storage_path function returns the fully qualified path to your application's storage directory. You may also use the storage_path function to generate a fully qualified path to a given file within the storage directory:
$path = storage_path();
$path = storage_path('app/file.txt');
The __ function translates the given translation string or translation key using your localization files:
echo __('Welcome to our application');
echo __('messages.welcome');
If the specified translation string or key does not exist, the __ function will return the given value. So, using the example above, the __ function would return messages.welcome if that translation key does not exist.
The class_basename function returns the class name of the given class with the class's namespace removed:
$class = class_basename('Foo\Bar\Baz');
// Baz
The e function runs PHP's htmlspecialchars function with the double_encode option set to true by default:
echo e('<html>foo</html>');
// <html>foo</html>
The preg_replace_array function replaces a given pattern in the string sequentially using an array:
$string = 'The event will take place between :start and :end';
$replaced = preg_replace_array('/:[a-z_]+/', ['8:30', '9:00'], $string);
// The event will take place between 8:30 and 9:00
The Str::after method returns everything after the given value in a string. The entire string will be returned if the value does not exist within the string:
use Illuminate\Support\Str;
$slice = Str::after('This is my name', 'This is');
// ' my name'
The Str::afterLast method returns everything after the last occurrence of the given value in a string. The entire string will be returned if the value does not exist within the string:
use Illuminate\Support\Str;
$slice = Str::afterLast('App\Http\Controllers\Controller', '\\');
// 'Controller'
The Str::ascii method will attempt to transliterate the string into an ASCII value:
use Illuminate\Support\Str;
$slice = Str::ascii('û');
// 'u'
The Str::before method returns everything before the given value in a string:
use Illuminate\Support\Str;
$slice = Str::before('This is my name', 'my name');
// 'This is '
The Str::beforeLast method returns everything before the last occurrence of the given value in a string:
use Illuminate\Support\Str;
$slice = Str::beforeLast('This is my name', 'is');
// 'This '
The Str::between method returns the portion of a string between two values:
use Illuminate\Support\Str;
$slice = Str::between('This is my name', 'This', 'name');
// ' is my '
The Str::camel method converts the given string to camelCase:
use Illuminate\Support\Str;
$converted = Str::camel('foo_bar');
// fooBar
The Str::contains method determines if the given string contains the given value. This method is case sensitive:
use Illuminate\Support\Str;
$contains = Str::contains('This is my name', 'my');
// true
You may also pass an array of values to determine if the given string contains any of the values in the array:
use Illuminate\Support\Str;
$contains = Str::contains('This is my name', ['my', 'foo']);
// true
The Str::containsAll method determines if the given string contains all of the values in a given array:
use Illuminate\Support\Str;
$containsAll = Str::containsAll('This is my name', ['my', 'name']);
// true
The Str::endsWith method determines if the given string ends with the given value:
use Illuminate\Support\Str;
$result = Str::endsWith('This is my name', 'name');
// true
You may also pass an array of values to determine if the given string ends with any of the values in the array:
use Illuminate\Support\Str;
$result = Str::endsWith('This is my name', ['name', 'foo']);
// true
$result = Str::endsWith('This is my name', ['this', 'foo']);
// false
The Str::finish method adds a single instance of the given value to a string if it does not already end with that value:
use Illuminate\Support\Str;
$adjusted = Str::finish('this/string', '/');
// this/string/
$adjusted = Str::finish('this/string/', '/');
// this/string/
The Str::is method determines if a given string matches a given pattern. Asterisks may be used as wildcard values:
use Illuminate\Support\Str;
$matches = Str::is('foo*', 'foobar');
// true
$matches = Str::is('baz*', 'foobar');
// false
The Str::isAscii method determines if a given string is 7 bit ASCII:
use Illuminate\Support\Str;
$isAscii = Str::isAscii('Taylor');
// true
$isAscii = Str::isAscii('ü');
// false
The Str::isUuid method determines if the given string is a valid UUID:
use Illuminate\Support\Str;
$isUuid = Str::isUuid('a0a2a2d2-0b87-4a18-83f2-2529882be2de');
// true
$isUuid = Str::isUuid('laravel');
// false
The Str::kebab method converts the given string to kebab-case:
use Illuminate\Support\Str;
$converted = Str::kebab('fooBar');
// foo-bar
The Str::length method returns the length of the given string:
use Illuminate\Support\Str;
$length = Str::length('Laravel');
// 7
The Str::limit method truncates the given string to the specified length:
use Illuminate\Support\Str;
$truncated = Str::limit('The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog', 20);
// The quick brown fox...
You may pass a third argument to the method to change the string that will be appended to the end of the truncated string:
use Illuminate\Support\Str;
$truncated = Str::limit('The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog', 20, ' (...)');
// The quick brown fox (...)
The Str::lower method converts the given string to lowercase:
use Illuminate\Support\Str;
$converted = Str::lower('LARAVEL');
// laravel
The Str::markdown method converts GitHub flavored Markdown into HTML:
use Illuminate\Support\Str;
$html = Str::markdown('# Laravel');
// <h1>Laravel</h1>
$html = Str::markdown('# Taylor <b>Otwell</b>', [
'html_input' => 'strip',
]);
// <h1>Taylor Otwell</h1>
The Str::orderedUuid method generates a "timestamp first" UUID that may be efficiently stored in an indexed database column. Each UUID that is generated using this method will be sorted after UUIDs previously generated using the method:
use Illuminate\Support\Str;
return (string) Str::orderedUuid();
The Str::padBoth method wraps PHP's str_pad function, padding both sides of a string with another string until the final string reaches a desired length:
use Illuminate\Support\Str;
$padded = Str::padBoth('James', 10, '_');
// '__James___'
$padded = Str::padBoth('James', 10);
// ' James '
The Str::padLeft method wraps PHP's str_pad function, padding the left side of a string with another string until the final string reaches a desired length:
use Illuminate\Support\Str;
$padded = Str::padLeft('James', 10, '-=');
// '-=-=-James'
$padded = Str::padLeft('James', 10);
// ' James'
The Str::padRight method wraps PHP's str_pad function, padding the right side of a string with another string until the final string reaches a desired length:
use Illuminate\Support\Str;
$padded = Str::padRight('James', 10, '-');
// 'James-----'
$padded = Str::padRight('James', 10);
// 'James '
The Str::plural method converts a singular word string to its plural form. This function currently only supports the English language:
use Illuminate\Support\Str;
$plural = Str::plural('car');
// cars
$plural = Str::plural('child');
// children
You may provide an integer as a second argument to the function to retrieve the singular or plural form of the string:
use Illuminate\Support\Str;
$plural = Str::plural('child', 2);
// children
$singular = Str::plural('child', 1);
// child
The Str::pluralStudly method converts a singular word string formatted in studly caps case to its plural form. This function currently only supports the English language:
use Illuminate\Support\Str;
$plural = Str::pluralStudly('VerifiedHuman');
// VerifiedHumans
$plural = Str::pluralStudly('UserFeedback');
// UserFeedback
You may provide an integer as a second argument to the function to retrieve the singular or plural form of the string:
use Illuminate\Support\Str;
$plural = Str::pluralStudly('VerifiedHuman', 2);
// VerifiedHumans
$singular = Str::pluralStudly('VerifiedHuman', 1);
// VerifiedHuman
The Str::random method generates a random string of the specified length. This function uses PHP's random_bytes function:
use Illuminate\Support\Str;
$random = Str::random(40);
The Str::replaceArray method replaces a given value in the string sequentially using an array:
use Illuminate\Support\Str;
$string = 'The event will take place between ? and ?';
$replaced = Str::replaceArray('?', ['8:30', '9:00'], $string);
// The event will take place between 8:30 and 9:00
The Str::replaceFirst method replaces the first occurrence of a given value in a string:
use Illuminate\Support\Str;
$replaced = Str::replaceFirst('the', 'a', 'the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog');
// a quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog
The Str::replaceLast method replaces the last occurrence of a given value in a string:
use Illuminate\Support\Str;
$replaced = Str::replaceLast('the', 'a', 'the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog');
// the quick brown fox jumps over a lazy dog
The Str::singular method converts a string to its singular form. This function currently only supports the English language:
use Illuminate\Support\Str;
$singular = Str::singular('cars');
// car
$singular = Str::singular('children');
// child
The Str::slug method generates a URL friendly "slug" from the given string:
use Illuminate\Support\Str;
$slug = Str::slug('Laravel 5 Framework', '-');
// laravel-5-framework
The Str::snake method converts the given string to snake_case:
use Illuminate\Support\Str;
$converted = Str::snake('fooBar');
// foo_bar
The Str::start method adds a single instance of the given value to a string if it does not already start with that value:
use Illuminate\Support\Str;
$adjusted = Str::start('this/string', '/');
// /this/string
$adjusted = Str::start('/this/string', '/');
// /this/string
The Str::startsWith method determines if the given string begins with the given value:
use Illuminate\Support\Str;
$result = Str::startsWith('This is my name', 'This');
// true
The Str::studly method converts the given string to StudlyCase:
use Illuminate\Support\Str;
$converted = Str::studly('foo_bar');
// FooBar
The Str::substr method returns the portion of string specified by the start and length parameters:
use Illuminate\Support\Str;
$converted = Str::substr('The Laravel Framework', 4, 7);
// Laravel
The Str::substrCount method returns the number of occurrences of a given value in the given string:
use Illuminate\Support\Str;
$count = Str::substrCount('If you like ice cream, you will like snow cones.', 'like');
// 2
The Str::title method converts the given string to Title Case:
use Illuminate\Support\Str;
$converted = Str::title('a nice title uses the correct case');
// A Nice Title Uses The Correct Case
The Str::ucfirst method returns the given string with the first character capitalized:
use Illuminate\Support\Str;
$string = Str::ucfirst('foo bar');
// Foo bar
The Str::upper method converts the given string to uppercase:
use Illuminate\Support\Str;
$string = Str::upper('laravel');
// LARAVEL
The Str::uuid method generates a UUID (version 4):
use Illuminate\Support\Str;
return (string) Str::uuid();
The Str::words method limits the number of words in a string. An additional string may be passed to this method via its third argument to specify which string should be appended to the end of the truncated string:
use Illuminate\Support\Str;
return Str::words('Perfectly balanced, as all things should be.', 3, ' >>>');
// Perfectly balanced, as >>>
The trans function translates the given translation key using your localization files:
echo trans('messages.welcome');
If the specified translation key does not exist, the trans function will return the given key. So, using the example above, the trans function would return messages.welcome if the translation key does not exist.
The trans_choice function translates the given translation key with inflection:
echo trans_choice('messages.notifications', $unreadCount);
If the specified translation key does not exist, the trans_choice function will return the given key. So, using the example above, the trans_choice function would return messages.notifications if the translation key does not exist.
Fluent strings provide a more fluent, object-oriented interface for working with string values, allowing you to chain multiple string operations together using a more readable syntax compared to traditional string operations.
The after method returns everything after the given value in a string. The entire string will be returned if the value does not exist within the string:
use Illuminate\Support\Str;
$slice = Str::of('This is my name')->after('This is');
// ' my name'
The afterLast method returns everything after the last occurrence of the given value in a string. The entire string will be returned if the value does not exist within the string:
use Illuminate\Support\Str;
$slice = Str::of('App\Http\Controllers\Controller')->afterLast('\\');
// 'Controller'
The append method appends the given values to the string:
use Illuminate\Support\Str;
$string = Str::of('Taylor')->append(' Otwell');
// 'Taylor Otwell'
The ascii method will attempt to transliterate the string into an ASCII value:
use Illuminate\Support\Str;
$string = Str::of('ü')->ascii();
// 'u'
The basename method will return the trailing name component of the given string:
use Illuminate\Support\Str;
$string = Str::of('/foo/bar/baz')->basename();
// 'baz'
If needed, you may provide an "extension" that will be removed from the trailing component:
use Illuminate\Support\Str;
$string = Str::of('/foo/bar/baz.jpg')->basename('.jpg');
// 'baz'
The before method returns everything before the given value in a string:
use Illuminate\Support\Str;
$slice = Str::of('This is my name')->before('my name');
// 'This is '
The beforeLast method returns everything before the last occurrence of the given value in a string:
use Illuminate\Support\Str;
$slice = Str::of('This is my name')->beforeLast('is');
// 'This '
The camel method converts the given string to camelCase:
use Illuminate\Support\Str;
$converted = Str::of('foo_bar')->camel();
// fooBar
The contains method determines if the given string contains the given value. This method is case sensitive:
use Illuminate\Support\Str;
$contains = Str::of('This is my name')->contains('my');
// true
You may also pass an array of values to determine if the given string contains any of the values in the array:
use Illuminate\Support\Str;
$contains = Str::of('This is my name')->contains(['my', 'foo']);
// true
The containsAll method determines if the given string contains all of the values in the given array:
use Illuminate\Support\Str;
$containsAll = Str::of('This is my name')->containsAll(['my', 'name']);
// true
The dirname method returns the parent directory portion of the given string:
use Illuminate\Support\Str;
$string = Str::of('/foo/bar/baz')->dirname();
// '/foo/bar'
If necessary, you may specify how many directory levels you wish to trim from the string:
use Illuminate\Support\Str;
$string = Str::of('/foo/bar/baz')->dirname(2);
// '/foo'
The endsWith method determines if the given string ends with the given value:
use Illuminate\Support\Str;
$result = Str::of('This is my name')->endsWith('name');
// true
You may also pass an array of values to determine if the given string ends with any of the values in the array:
use Illuminate\Support\Str;
$result = Str::of('This is my name')->endsWith(['name', 'foo']);
// true
$result = Str::of('This is my name')->endsWith(['this', 'foo']);
// false
The exactly method determines if the given string is an exact match with another string:
use Illuminate\Support\Str;
$result = Str::of('Laravel')->exactly('Laravel');
// true
The explode method splits the string by the given delimiter and returns a collection containing each section of the split string:
use Illuminate\Support\Str;
$collection = Str::of('foo bar baz')->explode(' ');
// collect(['foo', 'bar', 'baz'])
The finish method adds a single instance of the given value to a string if it does not already end with that value:
use Illuminate\Support\Str;
$adjusted = Str::of('this/string')->finish('/');
// this/string/
$adjusted = Str::of('this/string/')->finish('/');
// this/string/
The is method determines if a given string matches a given pattern. Asterisks may be used as wildcard values
use Illuminate\Support\Str;
$matches = Str::of('foobar')->is('foo*');
// true
$matches = Str::of('foobar')->is('baz*');
// false
The isAscii method determines if a given string is an ASCII string:
use Illuminate\Support\Str;
$result = Str::of('Taylor')->isAscii();
// true
$result = Str::of('ü')->isAscii();
// false
The isEmpty method determines if the given string is empty:
use Illuminate\Support\Str;
$result = Str::of(' ')->trim()->isEmpty();
// true
$result = Str::of('Laravel')->trim()->isEmpty();
// false
The isNotEmpty method determines if the given string is not empty:
use Illuminate\Support\Str;
$result = Str::of(' ')->trim()->isNotEmpty();
// false
$result = Str::of('Laravel')->trim()->isNotEmpty();
// true
The kebab method converts the given string to kebab-case:
use Illuminate\Support\Str;
$converted = Str::of('fooBar')->kebab();
// foo-bar
The length method returns the length of the given string:
use Illuminate\Support\Str;
$length = Str::of('Laravel')->length();
// 7
The limit method truncates the given string to the specified length:
use Illuminate\Support\Str;
$truncated = Str::of('The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog')->limit(20);
// The quick brown fox...
You may also pass a second argument to change the string that will be appended to the end of the truncated string:
use Illuminate\Support\Str;
$truncated = Str::of('The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog')->limit(20, ' (...)');
// The quick brown fox (...)
The lower method converts the given string to lowercase:
use Illuminate\Support\Str;
$result = Str::of('LARAVEL')->lower();
// 'laravel'
The ltrim method trims the left side of the string:
use Illuminate\Support\Str;
$string = Str::of(' Laravel ')->ltrim();
// 'Laravel '
$string = Str::of('/Laravel/')->ltrim('/');
// 'Laravel/'
The markdown method converts GitHub flavored Markdown into HTML:
use Illuminate\Support\Str;
$html = Str::of('# Laravel')->markdown();
// <h1>Laravel</h1>
$html = Str::of('# Taylor <b>Otwell</b>')->markdown([
'html_input' => 'strip',
]);
// <h1>Taylor Otwell</h1>
The match method will return the portion of a string that matches a given regular expression pattern:
use Illuminate\Support\Str;
$result = Str::of('foo bar')->match('/bar/');
// 'bar'
$result = Str::of('foo bar')->match('/foo (.*)/');
// 'bar'
The matchAll method will return a collection containing the portions of a string that match a given regular expression pattern:
use Illuminate\Support\Str;
$result = Str::of('bar foo bar')->matchAll('/bar/');
// collect(['bar', 'bar'])
If you specify a matching group within the expression, Laravel will return a collection of that group's matches:
use Illuminate\Support\Str;
$result = Str::of('bar fun bar fly')->matchAll('/f(\w*)/');
// collect(['un', 'ly']);
If no matches are found, an empty collection will be returned.
The padBoth method wraps PHP's str_pad function, padding both sides of a string with another string until the final string reaches the desired length:
use Illuminate\Support\Str;
$padded = Str::of('James')->padBoth(10, '_');
// '__James___'
$padded = Str::of('James')->padBoth(10);
// ' James '
The padLeft method wraps PHP's str_pad function, padding the left side of a string with another string until the final string reaches the desired length:
use Illuminate\Support\Str;
$padded = Str::of('James')->padLeft(10, '-=');
// '-=-=-James'
$padded = Str::of('James')->padLeft(10);
// ' James'
The padRight method wraps PHP's str_pad function, padding the right side of a string with another string until the final string reaches the desired length:
use Illuminate\Support\Str;
$padded = Str::of('James')->padRight(10, '-');
// 'James-----'
$padded = Str::of('James')->padRight(10);
// 'James '
The pipe method allows you to transform the string by passing its current value to the given callable:
use Illuminate\Support\Str;
$hash = Str::of('Laravel')->pipe('md5')->prepend('Checksum: ');
// 'Checksum: a5c95b86291ea299fcbe64458ed12702'
$closure = Str::of('foo')->pipe(function ($str) {
return 'bar';
});
// 'bar'
The plural method converts a singular word string to its plural form. This function currently only supports the English language:
use Illuminate\Support\Str;
$plural = Str::of('car')->plural();
// cars
$plural = Str::of('child')->plural();
// children
You may provide an integer as a second argument to the function to retrieve the singular or plural form of the string:
use Illuminate\Support\Str;
$plural = Str::of('child')->plural(2);
// children
$plural = Str::of('child')->plural(1);
// child
The prepend method prepends the given values onto the string:
use Illuminate\Support\Str;
$string = Str::of('Framework')->prepend('Laravel ');
// Laravel Framework
The replace method replaces a given string within the string:
use Illuminate\Support\Str;
$replaced = Str::of('Laravel 6.x')->replace('6.x', '7.x');
// Laravel 7.x
The replaceArray method replaces a given value in the string sequentially using an array:
use Illuminate\Support\Str;
$string = 'The event will take place between ? and ?';
$replaced = Str::of($string)->replaceArray('?', ['8:30', '9:00']);
// The event will take place between 8:30 and 9:00
The replaceFirst method replaces the first occurrence of a given value in a string:
use Illuminate\Support\Str;
$replaced = Str::of('the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog')->replaceFirst('the', 'a');
// a quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog
The replaceLast method replaces the last occurrence of a given value in a string:
use Illuminate\Support\Str;
$replaced = Str::of('the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog')->replaceLast('the', 'a');
// the quick brown fox jumps over a lazy dog
The replaceMatches method replaces all portions of a string matching a pattern with the given replacement string:
use Illuminate\Support\Str;
$replaced = Str::of('(+1) 501-555-1000')->replaceMatches('/[^A-Za-z0-9]++/', '')
// '15015551000'
The replaceMatches method also accepts a closure that will be invoked with each portion of the string matching the given pattern, allowing you to perform the replacement logic within the closure and return the replaced value:
use Illuminate\Support\Str;
$replaced = Str::of('123')->replaceMatches('/\d/', function ($match) {
return '['.$match[0].']';
});
// '[1][2][3]'
The rtrim method trims the right side of the given string:
use Illuminate\Support\Str;
$string = Str::of(' Laravel ')->rtrim();
// ' Laravel'
$string = Str::of('/Laravel/')->rtrim('/');
// '/Laravel'
The singular method converts a string to its singular form. This function currently only supports the English language:
use Illuminate\Support\Str;
$singular = Str::of('cars')->singular();
// car
$singular = Str::of('children')->singular();
// child
The slug method generates a URL friendly "slug" from the given string:
use Illuminate\Support\Str;
$slug = Str::of('Laravel Framework')->slug('-');
// laravel-framework
The snake method converts the given string to snake_case:
use Illuminate\Support\Str;
$converted = Str::of('fooBar')->snake();
// foo_bar
The split method splits a string into a collection using a regular expression:
use Illuminate\Support\Str;
$segments = Str::of('one, two, three')->split('/[\s,]+/');
// collect(["one", "two", "three"])
The start method adds a single instance of the given value to a string if it does not already start with that value:
use Illuminate\Support\Str;
$adjusted = Str::of('this/string')->start('/');
// /this/string
$adjusted = Str::of('/this/string')->start('/');
// /this/string
The startsWith method determines if the given string begins with the given value:
use Illuminate\Support\Str;
$result = Str::of('This is my name')->startsWith('This');
// true
The studly method converts the given string to StudlyCase:
use Illuminate\Support\Str;
$converted = Str::of('foo_bar')->studly();
// FooBar
The substr method returns the portion of the string specified by the given start and length parameters:
use Illuminate\Support\Str;
$string = Str::of('Laravel Framework')->substr(8);
// Framework
$string = Str::of('Laravel Framework')->substr(8, 5);
// Frame
The tap method passes the string to the given closure, allowing you to examine and interact with the string while not affecting the string itself. The original string is returned by the tap method regardless of what is returned by the closure:
use Illuminate\Support\Str;
$string = Str::of('Laravel')
->append(' Framework')
->tap(function ($string) {
dump('String after append: ' . $string);
})
->upper();
// LARAVEL FRAMEWORK
The title method converts the given string to Title Case:
use Illuminate\Support\Str;
$converted = Str::of('a nice title uses the correct case')->title();
// A Nice Title Uses The Correct Case
The trim method trims the given string:
use Illuminate\Support\Str;
$string = Str::of(' Laravel ')->trim();
// 'Laravel'
$string = Str::of('/Laravel/')->trim('/');
// 'Laravel'
The ucfirst method returns the given string with the first character capitalized:
use Illuminate\Support\Str;
$string = Str::of('foo bar')->ucfirst();
// Foo bar
The upper method converts the given string to uppercase:
use Illuminate\Support\Str;
$adjusted = Str::of('laravel')->upper();
// LARAVEL
The when method invokes the given closure if a given condition is true. The closure will receive the fluent string instance:
use Illuminate\Support\Str;
$string = Str::of('Taylor')
->when(true, function ($string) {
return $string->append(' Otwell');
});
// 'Taylor Otwell'
If necessary, you may pass another closure as the third parameter to the when method. This closure will execute if the condition parameter evaluates to false.
The whenEmpty method invokes the given closure if the string is empty. If the closure returns a value, that value will also be returned by the whenEmpty method. If the closure does not return a value, the fluent string instance will be returned:
use Illuminate\Support\Str;
$string = Str::of(' ')->whenEmpty(function ($string) {
return $string->trim()->prepend('Laravel');
});
// 'Laravel'
The words method limits the number of words in a string. If necessary, you may specify an additional string that will be appended to the truncated string:
use Illuminate\Support\Str;
$string = Str::of('Perfectly balanced, as all things should be.')->words(3, ' >>>');
// Perfectly balanced, as >>>
The action function generates a URL for the given controller action:
use App\Http\Controllers\HomeController;
$url = action([HomeController::class, 'index']);
If the method accepts route parameters, you may pass them as the second argument to the method:
$url = action([UserController::class, 'profile'], ['id' => 1]);
The asset function generates a URL for an asset using the current scheme of the request (HTTP or HTTPS):
$url = asset('img/photo.jpg');
You can configure the asset URL host by setting the ASSET_URL variable in your .env file. This can be useful if you host your assets on an external service like Amazon S3 or another CDN:
// ASSET_URL=http://example.com/assets
$url = asset('img/photo.jpg'); // http://example.com/assets/img/photo.jpg
The route function generates a URL for a given named route:
$url = route('route.name');
If the route accepts parameters, you may pass them as the second argument to the function:
$url = route('route.name', ['id' => 1]);
By default, the route function generates an absolute URL. If you wish to generate a relative URL, you may pass false as the third argument to the function:
$url = route('route.name', ['id' => 1], false);
The secure_asset function generates a URL for an asset using HTTPS:
$url = secure_asset('img/photo.jpg');
The secure_url function generates a fully qualified HTTPS URL to the given path. Additional URL segments may be passed in the function's second argument:
$url = secure_url('user/profile');
$url = secure_url('user/profile', [1]);
The url function generates a fully qualified URL to the given path:
$url = url('user/profile');
$url = url('user/profile', [1]);
If no path is provided, an Illuminate\Routing\UrlGenerator instance is returned:
$current = url()->current();
$full = url()->full();
$previous = url()->previous();
The abort function throws an HTTP exception which will be rendered by the exception handler:
abort(403);
You may also provide the exception's message and custom HTTP response headers that should be sent to the browser:
abort(403, 'Unauthorized.', $headers);
The abort_if function throws an HTTP exception if a given boolean expression evaluates to true:
abort_if(! Auth::user()->isAdmin(), 403);
Like the abort method, you may also provide the exception's response text as the third argument and an array of custom response headers as the fourth argument to the function.
The abort_unless function throws an HTTP exception if a given boolean expression evaluates to false:
abort_unless(Auth::user()->isAdmin(), 403);
Like the abort method, you may also provide the exception's response text as the third argument and an array of custom response headers as the fourth argument to the function.
The app function returns the service container instance:
$container = app();
You may pass a class or interface name to resolve it from the container:
$api = app('HelpSpot\API');
The auth function returns an authenticator instance. You may use it as an alternative to the Auth facade:
$user = auth()->user();
If needed, you may specify which guard instance you would like to access:
$user = auth('admin')->user();
The back function generates a redirect HTTP response to the user's previous location:
return back($status = 302, $headers = [], $fallback = '/');
return back();
The bcrypt function hashes the given value using Bcrypt. You may use this function as an alternative to the Hash facade:
$password = bcrypt('my-secret-password');
The blank function determines whether the given value is "blank":
blank('');
blank(' ');
blank(null);
blank(collect());
// true
blank(0);
blank(true);
blank(false);
// false
For the inverse of blank, see the filled method.
The broadcast function broadcasts the given event to its listeners:
broadcast(new UserRegistered($user));
broadcast(new UserRegistered($user))->toOthers();
The cache function may be used to get values from the cache. If the given key does not exist in the cache, an optional default value will be returned:
$value = cache('key');
$value = cache('key', 'default');
You may add items to the cache by passing an array of key / value pairs to the function. You should also pass the number of seconds or duration the cached value should be considered valid:
cache(['key' => 'value'], 300);
cache(['key' => 'value'], now()->addSeconds(10));
The class_uses_recursive function returns all traits used by a class, including traits used by all of its parent classes:
$traits = class_uses_recursive(App\Models\User::class);
The collect function creates a collection instance from the given value:
$collection = collect(['taylor', 'abigail']);
The config function gets the value of a configuration variable. The configuration values may be accessed using "dot" syntax, which includes the name of the file and the option you wish to access. A default value may be specified and is returned if the configuration option does not exist:
$value = config('app.timezone');
$value = config('app.timezone', $default);
You may set configuration variables at runtime by passing an array of key / value pairs. However, note that this function only affects the configuration value for the current request and does not update your actual configuration values:
config(['app.debug' => true]);
The cookie function creates a new cookie instance:
$cookie = cookie('name', 'value', $minutes);
The csrf_field function generates an HTML hidden input field containing the value of the CSRF token. For example, using Blade syntax:
{{ csrf_field() }}
The csrf_token function retrieves the value of the current CSRF token:
$token = csrf_token();
The dd function dumps the given variables and ends execution of the script:
dd($value);
dd($value1, $value2, $value3, ...);
If you do not want to halt the execution of your script, use the dump function instead.
The dispatch function pushes the given job onto the Laravel job queue:
dispatch(new App\Jobs\SendEmails);
The dispatch_now function runs the given job immediately and returns the value from its handle method:
$result = dispatch_now(new App\Jobs\SendEmails);
The dump function dumps the given variables:
dump($value);
dump($value1, $value2, $value3, ...);
If you want to stop executing the script after dumping the variables, use the dd function instead.
The env function retrieves the value of an environment variable or returns a default value:
$env = env('APP_ENV');
$env = env('APP_ENV', 'production');
{note} If you execute the
config:cachecommand during your deployment process, you should be sure that you are only calling theenvfunction from within your configuration files. Once the configuration has been cached, the.envfile will not be loaded and all calls to theenvfunction will returnnull.
The event function dispatches the given event to its listeners:
event(new UserRegistered($user));
The filled function determines whether the given value is not "blank":
filled(0);
filled(true);
filled(false);
// true
filled('');
filled(' ');
filled(null);
filled(collect());
// false
For the inverse of filled, see the blank method.
The info function will write information to your application's log:
info('Some helpful information!');
An array of contextual data may also be passed to the function:
info('User login attempt failed.', ['id' => $user->id]);
The logger function can be used to write a debug level message to the log:
logger('Debug message');
An array of contextual data may also be passed to the function:
logger('User has logged in.', ['id' => $user->id]);
A logger instance will be returned if no value is passed to the function:
logger()->error('You are not allowed here.');
The method_field function generates an HTML hidden input field containing the spoofed value of the form's HTTP verb. For example, using Blade syntax:
<form method="POST">
{{ method_field('DELETE') }}
</form>
The now function creates a new Illuminate\Support\Carbon instance for the current time:
$now = now();
The old function retrieves an old input value flashed into the session:
$value = old('value');
$value = old('value', 'default');
The optional function accepts any argument and allows you to access properties or call methods on that object. If the given object is null, properties and methods will return null instead of causing an error:
return optional($user->address)->street;
{!! old('name', optional($user)->name) !!}
The optional function also accepts a closure as its second argument. The closure will be invoked if the value provided as the first argument is not null:
return optional(User::find($id), function ($user) {
return $user->name;
});
The policy method retrieves a policy instance for a given class:
$policy = policy(App\Models\User::class);
The redirect function returns a redirect HTTP response, or returns the redirector instance if called with no arguments:
return redirect($to = null, $status = 302, $headers = [], $https = null);
return redirect('/home');
return redirect()->route('route.name');
The report function will report an exception using your exception handler:
report($e);
The report function also accepts a string as an argument. When a string is given to the function, the function will create an exception with the given string as its message:
report('Something went wrong.');
The request function returns the current request instance or obtains an input field's value from the current request:
$request = request();
$value = request('key', $default);
The rescue function executes the given closure and catches any exceptions that occur during its execution. All exceptions that are caught will be sent to your exception handler; however, the request will continue processing:
return rescue(function () {
return $this->method();
});
You may also pass a second argument to the rescue function. This argument will be the "default" value that should be returned if an exception occurs while executing the closure:
return rescue(function () {
return $this->method();
}, false);
return rescue(function () {
return $this->method();
}, function () {
return $this->failure();
});
The resolve function resolves a given class or interface name to an instance using the service container:
$api = resolve('HelpSpot\API');
The response function creates a response instance or obtains an instance of the response factory:
return response('Hello World', 200, $headers);
return response()->json(['foo' => 'bar'], 200, $headers);
The retry function attempts to execute the given callback until the given maximum attempt threshold is met. If the callback does not throw an exception, its return value will be returned. If the callback throws an exception, it will automatically be retried. If the maximum attempt count is exceeded, the exception will be thrown:
return retry(5, function () {
// Attempt 5 times while resting 100ms in between attempts...
}, 100);
The session function may be used to get or set session values:
$value = session('key');
You may set values by passing an array of key / value pairs to the function:
session(['chairs' => 7, 'instruments' => 3]);
The session store will be returned if no value is passed to the function:
$value = session()->get('key');
session()->put('key', $value);
The tap function accepts two arguments: an arbitrary $value and a closure. The $value will be passed to the closure and then be returned by the tap function. The return value of the closure is irrelevant:
$user = tap(User::first(), function ($user) {
$user->name = 'taylor';
$user->save();
});
If no closure is passed to the tap function, you may call any method on the given $value. The return value of the method you call will always be $value, regardless of what the method actually returns in its definition. For example, the Eloquent update method typically returns an integer. However, we can force the method to return the model itself by chaining the update method call through the tap function:
$user = tap($user)->update([
'name' => $name,
'email' => $email,
]);
To add a tap method to a class, you may add the Illuminate\Support\Traits\Tappable trait to the class. The tap method of this trait accepts a Closure as its only argument. The object instance itself will be passed to the Closure and then be returned by the tap method:
return $user->tap(function ($user) {
//
});
The throw_if function throws the given exception if a given boolean expression evaluates to true:
throw_if(! Auth::user()->isAdmin(), AuthorizationException::class);
throw_if(
! Auth::user()->isAdmin(),
AuthorizationException::class,
'You are not allowed to access this page.'
);
The throw_unless function throws the given exception if a given boolean expression evaluates to false:
throw_unless(Auth::user()->isAdmin(), AuthorizationException::class);
throw_unless(
Auth::user()->isAdmin(),
AuthorizationException::class,
'You are not allowed to access this page.'
);
The today function creates a new Illuminate\Support\Carbon instance for the current date:
$today = today();
The trait_uses_recursive function returns all traits used by a trait:
$traits = trait_uses_recursive(\Illuminate\Notifications\Notifiable::class);
The transform function executes a closure on a given value if the value is not blank and then returns the return value of the closure:
$callback = function ($value) {
return $value * 2;
};
$result = transform(5, $callback);
// 10
A default value or closure may be passed as the third argument to the function. This value will be returned if the given value is blank:
$result = transform(null, $callback, 'The value is blank');
// The value is blank
The validator function creates a new validator instance with the given arguments. You may use it as an alternative to the Validator facade:
$validator = validator($data, $rules, $messages);
The value function returns the value it is given. However, if you pass a closure to the function, the closure will be executed and its returned value will be returned:
$result = value(true);
// true
$result = value(function () {
return false;
});
// false
The view function retrieves a view instance:
return view('auth.login');
The with function returns the value it is given. If a closure is passed as the second argument to the function, the closure will be executed and its returned value will be returned:
$callback = function ($value) {
return (is_numeric($value)) ? $value * 2 : 0;
};
$result = with(5, $callback);
// 10
$result = with(null, $callback);
// 0
$result = with(5, null);
// 5