diff --git a/src/def/messages.ts b/src/def/messages.ts
index 2d5410ba..2f051c37 100644
--- a/src/def/messages.ts
+++ b/src/def/messages.ts
@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
 export enum GucchoError {
-  UnknownError = 1,
+  UnknownError = -1,
+  AssertionError,
   MissingServerAvatarConfig,
 
   // basic
   ModeNotSupported = 1000,
+  ModeOrRulesetNotSupported,
   InvalidId,
 
   // user
@@ -20,7 +22,6 @@ export enum GucchoError {
 
   // auth
   IncorrectPassword = 3000,
-
   PasswordNotMatch,
   OldPasswordMismatch,
   EmailTokenNotFound,
@@ -48,4 +49,10 @@ export enum GucchoError {
   ScoreNotFound = 8000,
   // clan
   ClanNotFound = 9000,
+
+  // article
+  ArticleNotFound = 10000,
+  InsufficientPrivilegeToEditArticle,
+  FileSystemArticlePathOutsideArticleRoot,
+  TryingToDeleteFallbackContents,
 }
diff --git a/src/locales/base/de-DE.ts b/src/locales/base/de-DE.ts
index fd3f57b8..a86f61e8 100644
--- a/src/locales/base/de-DE.ts
+++ b/src/locales/base/de-DE.ts
@@ -147,6 +147,13 @@ export default {
     [GucchoError.ScoreNotFound]: 'Score nicht gefunden.',
     [GucchoError.UnableToUpdateSession]: 'Fehler beim aktualisieren der Session.',
     [GucchoError.ClanNotFound]: 'Clan nicht gefunden.',
+    // TODO DE translation (hint: use TS autocomplete)
+    // [GucchoError.AssertionError]: '',
+    // [GucchoError.ModeOrRulesetNotSupported]: '',
+    // [GucchoError.InsufficientPrivilegeToEditArticle]: '',
+    // [GucchoError.FileSystemArticlePathOutsideArticleRoot]: '',
+    // [GucchoError.TryingToDeleteFallbackContents]: ''
+    // [GucchoError.ArticleNotFound]: '',
   },
   country: {
     [CountryCode.Unknown]: 'Unbekannt',
@@ -405,15 +412,15 @@ export default {
       subject: '{serverName} - Konto Verifikation',
       content: `
   Hallo,
-  
+
   um deine Email für {serverName} zu verifizieren, bitte folge dem Link:
   {link}
-  
+
   Alternativ, kannst du auch den folgenden Code benutzen: {otp}
-  
+
   Die Verifikation ist gültig für {ttl} Minuten.
   Lass uns wissen, wenn du irgendwelche Fragen hast.
-  
+
   {serverName}
   `,
     },
@@ -421,14 +428,14 @@ export default {
       subject: '{serverName} - Konto Wiederherstellung',
       content: `
   Hallo {name},
-  
+
   um dein Passwort für {serverName} zurückzusetzen, bitte folge dem folgenden Link:
   {link}
-  
+
   Alternativ kannst du auch den folgenden Code benutzen: {otp}
-  
+
   Die Verifikation ist gültig für {ttl} Minuten.
-  
+
   {serverName}
   `,
     },
@@ -436,12 +443,12 @@ export default {
       subject: '{serverName} - E-Mail-Adresse ändern',
       content: `
   Hallo {name},
-  
+
   um deine E-Mail-Adresse für {serverName} zu ändern, benutze bitte den folgenden Code:
   {otp}
-  
+
   Die Verifikation ist gültig für {ttl} Minuten.
-  
+
   {serverName}
   `,
     },
diff --git a/src/locales/base/en-GB.ts b/src/locales/base/en-GB.ts
index 8ef67d81..6054172e 100644
--- a/src/locales/base/en-GB.ts
+++ b/src/locales/base/en-GB.ts
@@ -74,7 +74,6 @@ export default {
   role: {
     [UserRole.Disabled]: 'Disabled',
     [UserRole.Restricted]: 'Restricted',
-    // [UserRole.Registered]: 'Registered',
     [UserRole.Inactive]: 'Inactive',
     [UserRole.Supported]: 'Supported',
     [UserRole.Supporter]: 'Supporter',
@@ -133,6 +132,7 @@ export default {
     [GucchoError.ConflictRelation]: 'You already have a relation with this player.',
     [GucchoError.MissingServerAvatarConfig]: 'The server is not configured correctly; avatar location is missing.',
     [GucchoError.ModeNotSupported]: 'Mode not supported.',
+    [GucchoError.ModeOrRulesetNotSupported]: 'Mode or ruleset not supported.',
     [GucchoError.UpdateUserpageFailed]: 'Failed to update user page.',
     [GucchoError.MimeNotImage]: 'The provided file is not an image.',
     [GucchoError.HackerTryingToDeleteAllAvatars]: 'SOMEONE IS ATTEMPTING TO DELETE ALL AVATARS.',
@@ -147,6 +147,11 @@ export default {
     [GucchoError.ScoreNotFound]: 'Score not found.',
     [GucchoError.UnableToUpdateSession]: 'Unable to update session.',
     [GucchoError.ClanNotFound]: 'Clan not found.',
+    [GucchoError.AssertionError]: 'Assertion Error: Something unexpected happened!',
+    [GucchoError.InsufficientPrivilegeToEditArticle]: 'You can not edit this article due to insufficient privilege.',
+    [GucchoError.FileSystemArticlePathOutsideArticleRoot]: 'Prohibited Saving article outside articles path.',
+    [GucchoError.TryingToDeleteFallbackContents]: 'Trying to delete fallback contents.',
+    [GucchoError.ArticleNotFound]: 'Article not found.',
   },
   country: {
     [CountryCode.Unknown]: 'Unknown',
diff --git a/src/locales/base/zh-CN.ts b/src/locales/base/zh-CN.ts
index c5f8d100..bf1c7b9b 100644
--- a/src/locales/base/zh-CN.ts
+++ b/src/locales/base/zh-CN.ts
@@ -112,6 +112,7 @@ export default {
     [GucchoError.UnknownError]: '未知错误。',
     [GucchoError.MissingServerAvatarConfig]: '头像配置缺失。',
     [GucchoError.ModeNotSupported]: '不支持的模式。',
+    [GucchoError.ModeOrRulesetNotSupported]: '不支持的模式或玩法。',
     [GucchoError.UserNotFound]: '找不到用户。',
     [GucchoError.UserExists]: '已有此用户。',
     [GucchoError.ConflictEmail]: '邮箱已被使用。',
@@ -140,6 +141,11 @@ export default {
     [GucchoError.ScoreNotFound]: '找不到成绩。',
     [GucchoError.UnableToUpdateSession]: '无法更新会话。',
     [GucchoError.ClanNotFound]: '找不到家人。',
+    [GucchoError.AssertionError]: '断言发生错误。不应该出现此状态！',
+    [GucchoError.InsufficientPrivilegeToEditArticle]: '您没有权限修改此文章。',
+    [GucchoError.FileSystemArticlePathOutsideArticleRoot]: '保存路径在文章目录以外。',
+    [GucchoError.TryingToDeleteFallbackContents]: '正在尝试删除缺省的内容。',
+    [GucchoError.ArticleNotFound]: '找不到文章。',
   },
 
   country: {
diff --git a/src/pages/article/[...id].vue b/src/pages/article/[...id].vue
index f060f216..fc4c85e5 100644
--- a/src/pages/article/[...id].vue
+++ b/src/pages/article/[...id].vue
@@ -1,28 +1,38 @@
 <script setup lang="ts">
 const route = useRoute('article-id')
+const { t } = useI18n()
 
 const id = route.params.id
 if (!id) {
-  throw new Error('id required')
+  throw new Error(t('error.no-id'))
 }
 
 const app$ = useNuxtApp()
 const content = await app$.$client.article.getStaticOrDynamic.query(id)
-const { t } = useI18n()
 </script>
 
 <i18n lang="yaml">
 en-GB:
   edit: Edit
+  error:
+    no-id: No article Id provided.
 
 zh-CN:
   edit: 编辑
+  error:
+    no-id: 没有提供文章ID。
 
 fr-FR:
   edit: Modifier
+  # TODO fr translation
+  error:
+    no-id: No article Id provided.
 
 de-DE:
   edit: Bearbeiten
+  # TODO update de translation
+  error:
+    no-id: No article Id provided.
 </i18n>
 
 <template>
diff --git a/src/server/backend/$base/server/article/index.ts b/src/server/backend/$base/server/article/index.ts
index 6a66e852..837505b2 100644
--- a/src/server/backend/$base/server/article/index.ts
+++ b/src/server/backend/$base/server/article/index.ts
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import { latest, paths, v0, versions } from './v'
 import useEditorExtensions from '~/composables/useEditorExtensionsServer'
 import type { UserCompact, UserRole } from '~/def/user'
 import { Logger } from '$base/logger'
+import { GucchoError } from '~/def/messages'
 
 const logger = Logger.child({ label: 'article' })
 
@@ -116,7 +117,7 @@ export abstract class ArticleProvider {
     dynamic: boolean
   }): Promise<void> {
     if (!opt.user.roles.find(role => ['admin', 'owner'].includes(role))) {
-      throw new Error('you have insufficient privilege to edit this article')
+      throwGucchoError(GucchoError.InsufficientPrivilegeToEditArticle)
     }
     const pContent = ArticleProvider.createContent(opt)
     let meta: ArticleProvider.Meta
@@ -150,14 +151,14 @@ export abstract class ArticleProvider {
   static async deleteLocal(opt: { slug: string; user: UserCompact<any> }) {
     const { user, slug } = opt
     if (!user.roles.find(role => ['admin', 'owner'].includes(role))) {
-      throw new Error('you have insufficient privilege to edit this article')
+      throwGucchoError(GucchoError.InsufficientPrivilegeToEditArticle)
     }
     const loc = join(ArticleProvider.articles, slug)
     if (!ArticleProvider.inside(loc)) {
-      throw new Error('dangerous operation')
+      throwGucchoError(GucchoError.FileSystemArticlePathOutsideArticleRoot)
     }
     if (!relative(join(ArticleProvider.articles, './fallbacks'), loc).startsWith('..')) {
-      throw new Error('trying to delete fallback contents')
+      throwGucchoError(GucchoError.TryingToDeleteFallbackContents)
     }
     return await fs.rm(loc)
   }
diff --git a/src/server/backend/bancho.py/server/rank.ts b/src/server/backend/bancho.py/server/rank.ts
index dfd18732..76383006 100644
--- a/src/server/backend/bancho.py/server/rank.ts
+++ b/src/server/backend/bancho.py/server/rank.ts
@@ -316,11 +316,6 @@ export class RedisRankProvider extends DatabaseRankProvider implements Monitored
       const start = page * pageSize
       const bPyMode = toBanchoPyMode(mode, ruleset)
 
-      if (bPyMode === undefined) {
-        // throw new Error('no mode')
-        raise(Error, 'no mode')
-      }
-
       // user.id[]
       const rank = await this.getPPv2LiveLeaderboard(bPyMode, 0, start + pageSize * 2).then(res => res.map(Number))
 
diff --git a/src/server/backend/bancho.py/transforms/mode.ts b/src/server/backend/bancho.py/transforms/mode.ts
index 7531df63..e083373a 100644
--- a/src/server/backend/bancho.py/transforms/mode.ts
+++ b/src/server/backend/bancho.py/transforms/mode.ts
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import { match } from 'switch-pattern'
 import { BanchoMode, BanchoPyMode } from '../enums'
 import { Mode, Ruleset } from '~/def'
 import type { ActiveMode, ActiveRuleset } from '~/def/common'
+import { GucchoError } from '~/def/messages'
 
 export const BPyMode = {
   [BanchoPyMode.OsuStandard]: [Mode.Osu, Ruleset.Standard],
@@ -25,7 +26,7 @@ export function toBanchoPyMode(
 
   const str = BPyModeEntries.find(([_, mr]) => patterns.exact(mr))?.[0]
   if (!str) {
-    throw new Error('not supported')
+    throwGucchoError(GucchoError.ModeOrRulesetNotSupported)
   }
   return Number.parseInt(str)
 }
diff --git a/src/server/routes/mail/verify.ts b/src/server/routes/mail/verify.ts
index cc29fa55..004449cd 100644
--- a/src/server/routes/mail/verify.ts
+++ b/src/server/routes/mail/verify.ts
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ const jumpMap: Record<Mail.Variant, { failed(t: string): string; succeed(t: stri
   },
   [Mail.Variant.AccountRecovery]: {
     failed(_t: string): string {
-      return 'auth/login'
+      return '/auth/login'
     },
     succeed(t: string): string {
       return `/auth/account-recovery?t=${t}`
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ const jumpMap: Record<Mail.Variant, { failed(t: string): string; succeed(t: stri
   },
   [Mail.Variant.ChangeMail]: {
     failed(_t: string): string {
-      throw new Error('/me-settings')
+      return '/me-settings'
     },
     succeed(_t: string): string {
       throw new Error('Function not implemented. Please use one time code instead.')
diff --git a/src/server/trpc/routers/article.ts b/src/server/trpc/routers/article.ts
index 20414445..7a1d0235 100644
--- a/src/server/trpc/routers/article.ts
+++ b/src/server/trpc/routers/article.ts
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import { optionalUserProcedure } from '../middleware/optional-user'
 import { userProcedure } from '../middleware/user'
 import { type ArticleProvider as BaseArticleProvider } from '$base/server/article'
 import { ArticleProvider, articles } from '~/server/singleton/service'
+import { GucchoError } from '~/def/messages'
 
 export const router = _router({
   get: userProcedure
@@ -21,7 +22,7 @@ export const router = _router({
       if (!r) {
         const notFound = ArticleProvider.fallbacks.get('404')
         if (!notFound) {
-          throw new Error('404 not found')
+          throwGucchoError(GucchoError.ArticleNotFound)
         }
         const html = notFound.dynamic ? await ArticleProvider.render(notFound.json) : notFound.html
 
@@ -49,7 +50,7 @@ export const router = _router({
       if (!r) {
         const notFound = ArticleProvider.fallbacks.get('404')
         if (!notFound) {
-          throw new Error('404 not found')
+          throwGucchoError(GucchoError.ArticleNotFound)
         }
         const html = notFound.dynamic ? await ArticleProvider.render(notFound.json) : notFound.html
 
diff --git a/src/server/utils/error.ts b/src/server/utils/error.ts
index f640525b..b950e432 100644
--- a/src/server/utils/error.ts
+++ b/src/server/utils/error.ts
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ export function createGucchoError(code: GucchoError): TRPCError {
     case GucchoError.RequireAdminPrivilege:
     case GucchoError.OldPasswordMismatch:
     case GucchoError.IncorrectPassword:
+    case GucchoError.InsufficientPrivilegeToEditArticle:
     {
       return new TRPCError(merge({ code: 'UNAUTHORIZED' }))
     }
@@ -36,6 +37,8 @@ export function createGucchoError(code: GucchoError): TRPCError {
     case GucchoError.EmptyPassword:
     case GucchoError.InvalidId:
     case GucchoError.HackerTryingToDeleteAllAvatars:
+    case GucchoError.FileSystemArticlePathOutsideArticleRoot:
+    case GucchoError.TryingToDeleteFallbackContents:
     {
       return new TRPCError(merge({ code: 'BAD_REQUEST' }))
     }
@@ -50,6 +53,7 @@ export function createGucchoError(code: GucchoError): TRPCError {
     }
 
     case GucchoError.ModeNotSupported:
+    case GucchoError.ModeOrRulesetNotSupported:
     case GucchoError.EmailTokenNotFound:
     case GucchoError.RelationNotFound:
     case GucchoError.SessionNotFound:
@@ -58,6 +62,7 @@ export function createGucchoError(code: GucchoError): TRPCError {
     case GucchoError.AtLeastOneUserNotExists:
     case GucchoError.ScoreNotFound:
     case GucchoError.ClanNotFound:
+    case GucchoError.ArticleNotFound:
     {
       return new TRPCError(merge({ code: 'NOT_FOUND' }))
     }
@@ -73,6 +78,9 @@ export function createGucchoError(code: GucchoError): TRPCError {
       return new TRPCError(merge({ code: 'INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR' }))
     }
 
+    case GucchoError.AssertionError: {
+      return assertNotReachable()
+    }
     default: {
       assertNotReachable(code)
     }