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<!doctype html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, user-scalable=no">
<title>Nix(OS)</title> <!-- Nix.* -->
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<body>
<div class="reveal">
<div class="slides">
<!-- TODO list:
- Release process?
- NixOS security
- Vulnix
- NixOS tests (/lib/tests + /nixos/tests)
- Overlays (demonstration?)
- Nix 1.12 (see presentation by Eelco Dolstra)
- GNU Guix
- Show websites:
- https://hydra.nixos.org/
-->
<section data-markdown data-separator-notes="^Notes:">
<textarea data-template>
# Nix(OS) - Revolutionizing packaging and configuration management!
<!-- .element: style="font-size:1.65em" -->
<!-- ... packaging and configuration management! -->
<!-- Totally not stolen from @Profpatsch... :D -->
<!-- .element style="background:#222;border-style:none;box-shadow:none" -->
The Purely Functional Linux Distribution
</textarea>
</section>
<section data-markdown data-separator-notes="^Notes:">
<textarea data-template>
# What?
<div>
<div style="float: left; width: 70%;">
- Nix (package manager)
- Nixpkgs (Nix packages collection)
- NixOS (operating system)
- NixOps (DevOps / cloud deployment tool)
- Hydra (Nix based continuous build system)
</div>
<div style="float: left; width: 30%;">
<!-- .element height="95%" width="95%" style="background:white;border-style:none" -->
</div>
</div>
Notes:
- Entries correspond to GH repos
- Only read out slide (details will follow later, e.g. on the next
slide)
</textarea>
</section>
<section data-markdown data-separator-notes="^Notes:">
<textarea data-template>
# nix-env (manipulate or query Nix user environments)
<!-- .element: style="font-size:1.13em" -->
https://nixos.org/nix/manual/figures/user-environments.png
<!-- .element: style="font-size:0.5em" -->
</textarea>
</section>
<section data-markdown data-separator-notes="^Notes:">
<textarea data-template>
# Problems of classical package managers
- Upgrades/configuration changes destructively update the system
state (overwriting files in sequence -> temporary inconsistency)
- State -> nondeterministic builds -> not reproducible
- Different versions of a binary
- Package conflicts
- No rollbacks
- No configuration management
Notes:
- Apps might have an undefined behaviour or crash when launched
during an upgrade + possibility of permanent damage when
interrupted (e.g. even unbootable!).
- Incomplete dependency specifications (no isolated build
environment)
- Nominal dependency specifications (only name and optionally
version)
- Configuration files not controlled by the package manager.
- Upgrading modified configuration files is problematic.
- Binaries = global variables (e.g. /bin/bash)
</textarea>
</section>
<section data-markdown data-separator-notes="^Notes:">
<textarea data-template>
# Nix(OS)
- Atomic upgrades/rollbacks (software & configuration)
- Multiple versions of a package (side-by-side, e.g. testing a new
Apache version)
- Deterministic & Reproducible builds
- Reliable upgrades (and rollbacks - configuration bound to correct
software version + service reloads/restarts)
- Reliable channel upgrades/rollbacks (e.g. 17.03 -> 17.09)
- Unprivileged users can securely install software
Notes:
- Next slide: Declarative configuration management
</textarea>
</section>
<section data-markdown data-separator-notes="^Notes:">
<textarea data-template>
# Being functional
- Classically: Imperative configuration
- Stateful changes (-> dependency hell, inconsistent states, etc.)
- NixOS: Declarative configuration
- Packages/Configuration = immutable values
- (Complete) rebuilds instead of destructive updates
- Referential transparency (~an expression always evaluates to the
same result)
Notes:
- Referential transparency: An expression always evaluates to the
same result in any contex (no side effects like (uncontrolled)
imperative updates).
</textarea>
</section>
<section data-markdown data-separator-notes="^Notes:">
<textarea data-template>
# Problems
- Lacking manpower/workforce (e.g. for better
testing/security/documentation)
- Not all packages are reproducible (2016: 12.8%)
- Running pre-compiled binaries
- Scripts with hard-coded paths don't work
- No GUI for package/configuration management
- No LTS releases or super stable (i.e. old :P) branches
- Not all use-cases or configuration options supported
- Some tricks available + PRs welcome ;)
Notes:
- 13 Dec 2016: "Currently, out of 36550 build steps in a full NixOS
evaluation, only 4699 (12.8%) were detected as non-deterministic.
(Note that Hydra can only detect the presence of non-determinism,
not its absence)." - Eelco
</textarea>
</section>
<section data-markdown data-separator-notes="^Notes:">
<textarea data-template>
# Nix
- A purely functional package manager (transparent source/binary
deployment)
- Secure multi-user support
- Stores packages in the Nix store (`/nix/store` by default)
- Each package has it's own unique identifier/directory
- E.g. `qn96dbgqdryaw38zw6v08da34q5v4qz3-git-repo-1.12.37`
<!-- .element: style="font-size:0.7em" -->
(cryptographic hash, name, version)
- Enables multiple versions & binary substitutes
- "Forces" complete dependencies
Notes:
- Hash captures all dependencies (160-bit truncations of SHA-256
encoded in base-32 (i.e. 32 characters))
- src/libstore/store-api.cc Store::makeStorePath + comment above
- Version: Digit after a dash
- Garbage collection (nix-collect-garbage)
- Similar to Content Addressed Storage (CAS)
- Nothing is ever overwritten!
</textarea>
</section>
<section data-markdown data-separator-notes="^Notes:">
<textarea data-template>
# Nix expressions / Nix expression language
- A DSL (not a GPL!)
- Describes graphs of build actions ("derivations")
- Packages, compositions of packages, configurations, ...
- Dynamically typed ~~("Nix won't be complete until it has static
typing." @edolstra)~~ - https://typing-nix.regnat.ovh/
- Lazy (a very important feature!)
- Purely functional (no side-effects, immutable store)
- Turing complete (e.g. Dhall is not ->
[dhall-nix](https://github.com/dhall-lang/dhall-nix))
Notes:
- DSL vs GPL: MD5 collisions by @Azlig (Chromium updater) :D
- "Config files shouldn't be Turing complete" (-> always terminate)
- Dhall is explicitly typed, evaluated, and configuration files can
be reduced to a normal form
- TODO:
- Bad evaluation errors? :D
- Missing typing
- Error in anonymous function at unknown file?
- Evaluated vs interpreted?
- Bugs? :D (e.g. a-b)
</textarea>
</section>
<section data-markdown data-separator-notes="^Notes:">
<textarea data-template>
# Nixpkgs (the Nix packages collection)
<!-- .element: style="font-size:1.6em" -->
- Main GitHub repository (permissive MIT/X11 license)
- Contains definitions of packages (Nix) and modules (NixOS)
- Also contains tests, library functions, etc.
- Different branches (rolling: master, stable: release-YY.MM)
- Build and tested by Hydra (+ uploaded to binary cache)
- Distributed through (nixpkgs-)channels (nixpkgs-unstable,
nixos-unstable(-small), nixos-YY.MM(-small))
Notes:
- Stable: MM = 03 or 09 (end of month, branch off one month before)
- Talk about codenames, release schedule, freezing, etc.?
</textarea>
</section>
<section data-markdown data-separator-notes="^Notes:">
<textarea data-template>
# An example Nix package (pgpdump) <!-- .element: style="font-size:1.5em" -->
```nix
pgpdump = callPackage ../tools/security/pgpdump { };
```
```nix
{ stdenv, fetchFromGitHub
, supportCompressedPackets ? true, zlib, bzip2
}:
stdenv.mkDerivation rec {
name = "pgpdump-${version}";
version = "0.32";
src = fetchFromGitHub {
owner = "kazu-yamamoto";
repo = "pgpdump";
rev = "v${version}";
sha256 = "1ip7q5sgh3nwdqbrzpp6sllkls5kma98kns53yspw1830xi1n8xc";
};
buildInputs = stdenv.lib.optionals supportCompressedPackets [ zlib bzip2 ];
meta = with stdenv.lib; {
description = "A PGP packet visualizer";
longDescription = ''
pgpdump is a PGP packet visualizer which displays the packet format of
OpenPGP (RFC 4880) and PGP version 2 (RFC 1991).
'';
homepage = http://www.mew.org/~kazu/proj/pgpdump/en/;
license = licenses.bsd3;
platforms = platforms.linux;
maintainers = with maintainers; [ primeos ];
};
}
```
</textarea>
</section>
<section data-markdown data-separator-notes="^Notes:">
<textarea data-template>
# Dependency graphs
pgpdump's runtime dependencies:
```bash
nix-store -q --graph $(nix-store --realise $(nix-instantiate -A pgpdump)) | dot -Tpdf | zathura -
```
Notes:
- Build time dependencies available as well (but graph way too
large)
- E.g. CVE patches as build inputs
</textarea>
</section>
<section data-markdown data-separator-notes="^Notes:">
<textarea data-template>
# NixOS
- Implements a declarative and purely functional system
configuration model
- Based on Nix (package + configuration management)
- NixOS modules (separation of concerns)
- Form the full "system configuration"
```nix
{ config, pkgs, ... }: {
options = { nested attribute set of option declarations using mkOption };
config = { nested attribute set of option definitions };
}
```
Notes:
- modules = functions
- { config } -> config = full system configuration
</textarea>
</section>
<section data-markdown data-separator-notes="^Notes:">
<textarea data-template>
# An example NixOS module <!-- .element: style="font-size:1.5em" -->
```nix
{ config, lib, pkgs, ... }:
with lib;
let
cfg = config.programs.vim;
in {
options.programs.vim = {
defaultEditor = mkOption {
type = types.bool;
default = false;
description = ''
When enabled, installs vim and configures vim to be the default editor
using the EDITOR environment variable.
'';
};
};
config = mkIf cfg.defaultEditor {
environment.systemPackages = [ pkgs.vim ];
environment.variables = { EDITOR = mkOverride 900 "vim"; };
};
}
```
</textarea>
</section>
<section data-markdown data-separator-notes="^Notes:">
<textarea data-template>
# Another example NixOS module <!-- .element: style="font-size:1.5em" -->
```nix
{ config, lib, pkgs, ... }:
with lib;
let
cfg = config.services.monetdb;
in {
meta.maintainers = with maintainers; [ StillerHarpo primeos ];
###### interface
options = {
services.monetdb = {
enable = mkEnableOption "the MonetDB database server";
package = mkOption {
type = types.package;
default = pkgs.monetdb;
defaultText = "pkgs.monetdb";
description = "MonetDB package to use.";
};
user = mkOption {
type = types.str;
default = "monetdb";
description = "User account under which MonetDB runs.";
};
group = mkOption {
type = types.str;
default = "monetdb";
description = "Group under which MonetDB runs.";
};
dataDir = mkOption {
type = types.path;
default = "/var/lib/monetdb";
description = "Data directory for the dbfarm.";
};
port = mkOption {
type = types.ints.u16;
default = 50000;
description = "Port to listen on.";
};
listenAddress = mkOption {
type = types.str;
default = "127.0.0.1";
example = "0.0.0.0";
description = "Address to listen on.";
};
};
};
###### implementation
config = mkIf cfg.enable {
users.users.monetdb = mkIf (cfg.user == "monetdb") {
uid = config.ids.uids.monetdb;
group = cfg.group;
description = "MonetDB user";
home = cfg.dataDir;
createHome = true;
};
users.groups.monetdb = mkIf (cfg.group == "monetdb") {
gid = config.ids.gids.monetdb;
members = [ cfg.user ];
};
environment.systemPackages = [ cfg.package ];
systemd.services.monetdb = {
description = "MonetDB database server";
wantedBy = [ "multi-user.target" ];
after = [ "network.target" ];
path = [ cfg.package ];
unitConfig.RequiresMountsFor = "${cfg.dataDir}";
serviceConfig = {
User = cfg.user;
Group = cfg.group;
ExecStart = "${cfg.package}/bin/monetdbd start -n ${cfg.dataDir}";
ExecStop = "${cfg.package}/bin/monetdbd stop ${cfg.dataDir}";
};
preStart = ''
if [ ! -e ${cfg.dataDir}/.merovingian_properties ]; then
# Create the dbfarm (as cfg.user)
${cfg.package}/bin/monetdbd create ${cfg.dataDir}
fi
# Update the properties
${cfg.package}/bin/monetdbd set port=${toString cfg.port} ${cfg.dataDir}
${cfg.package}/bin/monetdbd set listenaddr=${cfg.listenAddress} ${cfg.dataDir}
'';
};
};
}
```
</textarea>
</section>
<section data-markdown data-separator-notes="^Notes:">
<textarea data-template>
# An example NixOS configuration <!-- .element: style="font-size:1.5em" -->
<!-- TODO: More awesome stuff? :) -->
```nix
{ config, pkgs, ... }:
{
system.nixos.stateVersion = "18.03";
nix.useSandbox = true;
boot.kernelPackages = pkgs.linuxPackages_latest;
i18n = {
consoleFont = "Lat2-Terminus16";
consoleKeyMap = "de";
defaultLocale = "en_US.UTF-8";
};
time.timeZone = "Europe/Berlin";
environment = {
systemPackages = with pkgs; [
# Core
vim_configurable gitAndTools.gitFull wget
# Monitoring
htop python3Packages.glances
# Tools
time file tree lsof
pciutils hdparm zip unzip
# Network
inetutils bind.dnsutils
tcpdump
];
variables = {
EDITOR = "vim";
};
};
programs.bash.enableCompletion = true;
}
```
</textarea>
</section>
<section data-markdown data-separator-notes="^Notes:">
<textarea data-template>
# Nixpkgs overlays
```nix
self: super:
# self: Final package set / fixed-point result (use as dependencies)
# super: Previous evaluation result
{
nix = super.nix.override {
storeDir = "${<nix-dir>}/store";
stateDir = "${<nix-dir>}/var";
};
boost = super.boost.override {
python = self.python3;
};
rr = super.callPackage ./pkgs/rr {
stdenv = self.stdenv_32bit;
};
}
```
</textarea>
</section>
<section data-markdown data-separator-notes="^Notes:">
<textarea data-template>
# Community
- A great & kind community
([overview](https://nixos.org/nixos/community.html))
- [nix-devel mailing list](https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/nix-devel)
- Discourse (Forum): [discourse.nixos.org](https://discourse.nixos.org/)
- Bugs and PRs via GitHub ([Nixpkgs](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs))
- [#nixos](irc://irc.freenode.net/#nixos) on irc.freenode.net
- Blogs ([NixOS planet](https://planet.nixos.org/))
- Local meetups (e.g. in [Stuttgart](https://hackmd.shackspace.de/NixOS-meetup))
- NixCon
- Commercial support via consulting companies
</textarea>
</section>
<section data-markdown data-separator-notes="^Notes:">
<textarea data-template>
# Learning
- [Learn X in Y minutes, where X=nix](https://learnxinyminutes.com/docs/nix/)
- [A tour of Nix](https://nixcloud.io/tour/)
- By Joachim Schiele & Paul Seitz from Tübingen ;)
- [Unofficial user's wiki](https://nixos.wiki/wiki/Main_Page)
- Manuals
([Nix](https://nixos.org/nix/manual/),
[Nixpkgs](https://nixos.org/nixpkgs/manual/),
[NixOS](https://nixos.org/nixos/manual/), and
[NixOps](https://nixos.org/nixops/manual/))
</textarea>
</section>
<section data-markdown data-separator-notes="^Notes:">
<textarea data-template>
# Trying out Nix*
- Use Nix side-by-side with your regular package manager:
```bash
curl https://nixos.org/nix/install | sh
```
- Experiment with nix-env, nix-shell, nix-repl, etc.
- Try out NixOS (e.g. VirtualBox demo appliance)
- Install NixOS
</textarea>
</section>
<section data-markdown data-separator-notes="^Notes:">
<textarea data-template>
# Thank you :)
<!-- .element height="30%" width="30%" style="background:#222;border-style:none;box-shadow:none" -->
- Questions?
- Feedback
- Discussion
Notes:
- Feedback
- Possible improvements?
- Do or do not, there is no try.
- Q&A
- Hacking
- Summary
</textarea>
</section>
<section data-markdown data-separator-notes="^Notes:">
<textarea data-template>
# License
- For the content of these slides
- Public domain
- CC0 1.0 Universal (CC0-1.0)
- Doesn't apply to external sources like images
- Some quotes, notes, etc. are from other sources (this can
hopefully be considered fair use)
- Framework: reveal.js
- MIT (see https://github.com/hakimel/reveal.js)
</textarea>
</section>
<section data-markdown data-separator-notes="^Notes:">
<textarea data-template>
# Repology (2018-06-08)
<!-- .element height="70%" width="70%" style="border-style:none;box-shadow:none" -->
Notes:
- Is Nix production ready?
- Yes (at least definitely beyond a PoC)
- Don't trust these numbers too much
</textarea>
</section>
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