diff --git a/doc/source/api-reference/qibo.rst b/doc/source/api-reference/qibo.rst index 64d385a6ab..8955017e55 100644 --- a/doc/source/api-reference/qibo.rst +++ b/doc/source/api-reference/qibo.rst @@ -944,6 +944,15 @@ Deutsch :members: :member-order: bysource + +Generalized Reconfigurable Beam Splitter (RBS) +"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" + +.. autoclass:: qibo.gates.GeneralizedRBS + :members: + :member-order: bysource + + Arbitrary unitary """"""""""""""""" diff --git a/poetry.lock b/poetry.lock index 8768f91ea9..30cb114edc 100644 --- a/poetry.lock +++ b/poetry.lock @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -# This file is automatically @generated by Poetry 1.8.2 and should not be changed by hand. +# This file is automatically @generated by Poetry 1.8.3 and should not be changed by hand. 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a/src/qibo/backends/npmatrices.py b/src/qibo/backends/npmatrices.py index 58e78f4ca1..69f0920722 100644 --- a/src/qibo/backends/npmatrices.py +++ b/src/qibo/backends/npmatrices.py @@ -531,6 +531,31 @@ def DEUTSCH(self, theta): dtype=self.dtype, ) + def GeneralizedRBS(self, qubits_in, qubits_out, theta, phi): + theta = self._cast_parameter(theta) + phi = self._cast_parameter(phi) + bitstring_length = len(qubits_in) + len(qubits_out) + integer_in = "".join( + ["1" if k in qubits_in else "0" for k in range(bitstring_length)] + ) + integer_in = int(integer_in, 2) + integer_out = "".join( + ["1" if k in qubits_out else "0" for k in range(bitstring_length)] + ) + integer_out = int(integer_out, 2) + + matrix = [ + [1 + 0j if l == k else 0j for l in range(2**bitstring_length)] + for k in range(2**bitstring_length) + ] + exp, sin, cos = self.np.exp(1j * phi), self.np.sin(theta), self.np.cos(theta) + matrix[integer_in][integer_in] = exp * cos + matrix[integer_in][integer_out] = -exp * sin + matrix[integer_out][integer_in] = self.np.conj(exp) * sin + matrix[integer_out][integer_out] = self.np.conj(exp) * cos + + return self._cast(matrix, dtype=self.dtype) + def Unitary(self, u): return self.np.array(u, dtype=self.dtype, copy=False) diff --git a/src/qibo/backends/numpy.py b/src/qibo/backends/numpy.py index 3a72577a63..bcde6ac013 100644 --- a/src/qibo/backends/numpy.py +++ b/src/qibo/backends/numpy.py @@ -115,7 +115,16 @@ def matrix(self, gate): def matrix_parametrized(self, gate): """Convert a parametrized gate to its matrix representation in the computational basis.""" name = gate.__class__.__name__ - _matrix = getattr(self.matrices, name)(*gate.parameters) + _matrix = getattr(self.matrices, name) + if name == "GeneralizedRBS": + _matrix = _matrix( + qubits_in=gate.init_args[0], + qubits_out=gate.init_args[1], + theta=gate.init_kwargs["theta"], + phi=gate.init_kwargs["phi"], + ) + else: + _matrix = _matrix(*gate.parameters) return self.cast(_matrix, dtype=_matrix.dtype) def matrix_fused(self, fgate): diff --git a/src/qibo/gates/gates.py b/src/qibo/gates/gates.py index a06f668bc8..98d6baa289 100644 --- a/src/qibo/gates/gates.py +++ b/src/qibo/gates/gates.py @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ import math -from typing import List +from typing import List, Tuple, Union import numpy as np @@ -2473,6 +2473,78 @@ def __init__(self, q0, q1, q2, theta, trainable=True): self.init_kwargs = {"theta": theta, "trainable": trainable} +class GeneralizedRBS(ParametrizedGate): + """The generalized (complex) Reconfigurable Beam Splitter gate (:math:`\\text{gRBS}`). + + Given a register called ``qubits_in`` containing :math:`m` qubits and a + register named ``qubits_out`` containing :math:`m'` qubits, the :math:`\\text{gRBS}` + is a :math:`(m + m')`-qubit gate that has the following matrix representation: + + .. math:: + + \\begin{pmatrix} + I & & & & \\\\ + & e^{-i\\phi}\\cos\\theta & & e^{-i\\phi}\\sin\\theta & \\\\ + & & I' & & \\\\ + & -e^{i\\phi}\\sin\\theta & & e^{i\\phi}\\cos\\theta & \\\\ + & & & & I\\\\ + \\end{pmatrix} \\,\\, , + + where :math:`I` and :math:`I'` are, respectively, identity matrices of size + :math:`2^{m} - 1` and :math:`2^{m}(2^{m'} - 2)`. + + This unitary matrix is also known as a + `Givens rotation `_. + + References: + 1. R. M. S. Farias, T. O. Maciel, G. Camilo, R. Lin, S. Ramos-Calderer, and L. Aolita, + *Quantum encoder for fixed Hamming-weight subspaces*. + `arXiv:2405.20408 [quant-ph] `_ + + Args: + qubits_in (tuple or list): ids of "input" qubits. + qubits_out (tuple or list): ids of "output" qubits. + theta (float): the rotation angle. + phi (float): the phase angle. Defaults to :math:`0.0`. + trainable (bool): whether gate parameter can be updated using + :meth:`qibo.models.circuit.AbstractCircuit.set_parameters`. + Defaults to ``True``. + """ + + def __init__( + self, + qubits_in: Union[Tuple[int], List[int]], + qubits_out: Union[Tuple[int], List[int]], + theta: float, + phi: float = 0.0, + trainable: bool = True, + ): + super().__init__(trainable) + self.name = "grbs" + self.draw_label = "gRBS" + self.target_qubits = tuple(qubits_in) + tuple(qubits_out) + self.unitary = True + + self.parameter_names = "theta" + self.parameters = theta, phi + self.nparams = 2 + + self.init_args = [qubits_in, qubits_out] + self.init_kwargs = {"theta": theta, "phi": phi, "trainable": trainable} + + def decompose(self) -> List[Gate]: + """Decomposition of :math:`\\text{gRBS}` gate. + + Decompose :math:`\\text{gRBS}` gate into :class:`qibo.gates.X`, :class:`qibo.gates.CNOT`, + :class:`qibo.gates.RY`, and :class:`qibo.gates.RZ`. + """ + from qibo.transpiler.decompositions import ( # pylint: disable=C0415 + standard_decompositions, + ) + + return standard_decompositions(self) + + class Unitary(ParametrizedGate): """Arbitrary unitary gate. diff --git a/src/qibo/transpiler/decompositions.py b/src/qibo/transpiler/decompositions.py index 3aa5d56498..780aa42c99 100644 --- a/src/qibo/transpiler/decompositions.py +++ b/src/qibo/transpiler/decompositions.py @@ -402,6 +402,38 @@ def _u3_to_gpi2(t, p, l): ) +def _decomposition_generalized_RBS(ins, outs, theta, phi, controls): + """Generalized RBS gate as in Fig. 2 of arXiv:2405.20408""" + rotation_controls = ins[:-1] + outs + if controls is not None: + rotation_controls += controls + + list_gates = [] + list_gates.append(gates.X(ins[-1])) + list_gates.append(gates.X(outs[0])) + for target in ins[:-1]: + list_gates.append(gates.CNOT(ins[-1], target)) + for target in outs[1:][::-1]: + list_gates.append(gates.CNOT(outs[0], target)) + list_gates.append(gates.X(ins[-1])) + list_gates.append(gates.X(outs[0])) + list_gates.append(gates.CNOT(ins[-1], outs[0])) + list_gates.append(gates.RY(ins[-1], -2 * theta).controlled_by(*rotation_controls)) + if phi != 0.0: + list_gates.append(gates.RZ(ins[-1], 2 * phi).controlled_by(*rotation_controls)) + list_gates.append(gates.CNOT(ins[-1], outs[0])) + list_gates.append(gates.X(outs[0])) + list_gates.append(gates.X(ins[-1])) + for target in outs[1:]: + list_gates.append(gates.CNOT(outs[0], target)) + for target in ins[:-1][::-1]: + list_gates.append(gates.CNOT(ins[-1], target)) + list_gates.append(gates.X(outs[0])) + list_gates.append(gates.X(ins[-1])) + + return list_gates + + # standard gate decompositions used by :meth:`qibo.gates.gates.Gate.decompose` standard_decompositions = GateDecompositions() standard_decompositions.add(gates.SX, [gates.RX(0, np.pi / 2, trainable=False)]) @@ -502,3 +534,25 @@ def _u3_to_gpi2(t, p, l): gates.CNOT(0, 1), ], ) +standard_decompositions.add( + gates.GeneralizedRBS, + lambda gate: _decomposition_generalized_RBS( + ins=list(range(len(gate.init_args[0]))), + outs=list( + range( + len(gate.init_args[0]), + len(gate.init_args[0]) + len(gate.init_args[1]), + ) + ), + theta=gate.init_kwargs["theta"], + phi=gate.init_kwargs["phi"], + controls=list( + range( + len(gate.init_args[0]) + len(gate.init_args[1]), + len(gate.init_args[0]) + + len(gate.init_args[1]) + + len(gate.control_qubits), + ) + ), + ), +) diff --git a/tests/test_gates_gates.py b/tests/test_gates_gates.py index 27028e4a4c..153528cd17 100644 --- a/tests/test_gates_gates.py +++ b/tests/test_gates_gates.py @@ -1311,6 +1311,48 @@ def test_deutsch(backend): assert gates.DEUTSCH(0, 1, 2, theta).unitary +def test_generalized_rbs(backend): + theta, phi = 0.1234, 0.4321 + qubits_in, qubits_out = [0, 1], [2, 3] + nqubits = len(qubits_in + qubits_out) + integer_in = "".join(["1" if k in qubits_in else "0" for k in range(nqubits)]) + integer_out = "".join(["1" if k in qubits_out else "0" for k in range(nqubits)]) + integer_in, integer_out = int(integer_in, 2), int(integer_out, 2) + + initial_state = random_statevector(2**nqubits, backend=backend) + final_state = apply_gates( + backend, + [gates.GeneralizedRBS(qubits_in, qubits_out, theta, phi)], + nqubits=nqubits, + initial_state=initial_state, + ) + # test decomposition + final_state_decompose = apply_gates( + backend, + gates.GeneralizedRBS(qubits_in, qubits_out, theta, phi).decompose(), + nqubits=nqubits, + initial_state=initial_state, + ) + + matrix = np.eye(2**nqubits, dtype=complex) + exp, sin, cos = np.exp(1j * phi), np.sin(theta), np.cos(theta) + matrix[integer_in, integer_in] = exp * cos + matrix[integer_in, integer_out] = -exp * sin + matrix[integer_out, integer_in] = np.conj(exp) * sin + matrix[integer_out, integer_out] = np.conj(exp) * cos + matrix = backend.cast(matrix, dtype=matrix.dtype) + + target_state = matrix @ initial_state + backend.assert_allclose(final_state, target_state) + backend.assert_allclose(final_state_decompose, target_state) + + with pytest.raises(NotImplementedError): + gates.GeneralizedRBS(qubits_in, qubits_out, theta, phi).qasm_label + + assert not gates.GeneralizedRBS(qubits_in, qubits_out, theta, phi).clifford + assert gates.GeneralizedRBS(qubits_in, qubits_out, theta, phi).unitary + + @pytest.mark.parametrize("nqubits", [2, 3]) def test_unitary(backend, nqubits): initial_state = np.ones(2**nqubits) / np.sqrt(2**nqubits)