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<html>
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<title>The History Of Jordan</title>
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<p style="color: #ff0055; font-size:40px; ">Kings</p></div>
<ul id="rmenu">
<li ><a class="item" href="JORDAN.html" >About</a></li>
<li><a class="item" href="kings.html" >kings</a></li>
<li><a class="item" href="History.html" >History</a></li>
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<div class="div" style="background-color:#333; float: left; padding:5px ; margin: 15px; height: 70%; text-align: justify; "> <br><br><br> <a style="color: #eee; text-decoration:none;" href="#rawan">Abdullah I bin Al-Hussein</a> <br><br><br> <a style="color: #eee; text-decoration:none;" href="#rawan1">Talal bin Abdullah </a>
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<a style="color: #eee; text-decoration:none;" href="#rawan2">Hussein bin Talal</a><br><br><br>
<a style="color: #eee; text-decoration:none;" href="#rawan3">Abdullah II bin Al-Hussein</a> <br><br><br> <a style="color: #eee; text-decoration:none;" href="#rawan4"> Crown Prince of Jordan</a>
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<br> <em style="font-size :25px; color: #ff0055; ">Abdullah I bin Al-Hussein:</em> 2 February 1882 – 20 July 1951) was the founder and ruler of the Jordanian realm from 11 April 1921 until his assassination on the 20th of July 1951. He was the Emir of Transjordan, a British protectorate, until 25 May 1946,after which he was the king of an independent Jordan. He was a 38th-generation direct descendant of Muhammad, as he belongs to the Hashemite family.<br>Born in Mecca, Hejaz, Ottoman Empire, Abdullah was the second of four sons of Hussein bin Ali, Sharif of Mecca, and his first wife, Abdiyya bint Abdullah. He was educated in Istanbul and Hejaz. From 1909 to 1914, Abdullah sat in the Ottoman legislature, as deputy for Mecca, but allied with Britain during World War I. Between 1916 and 1918, he played a key role as architect and planner of the Great Arab Revolt against Ottoman rule that was led by his father Sharif Hussein. Abdullah personally led guerrilla raids on garrisons<br>Abdullah became emir of Transjordan in April 1921, which he established by his own initiative. He became king after Transjordan was granted independence in 1946 (the country's name became simply Jordan in 1949). Abdullah ruled until 1951 when he was assassinated in Jerusalem while attending Friday prayers at the entrance of the Al-Aqsa mosque by a Palestinian who feared that the King was going to make peace with Israel. He was succeeded by his eldest son Talal.<br>In 1910, Abdullah persuaded his father to stand, successfully, for Grand Sharif of Mecca, a post for which Hussein acquired British support. In the following year, he became deputy for Mecca in the parliament established by the Young Turks, acting as an intermediary between his father and the Ottoman government.[8] In 1914, Abdullah paid a clandestine visit to Cairo to meet Lord Kitchener to seek British support for his father's ambitions in Arabia.
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<br> <em style="font-size :25px; color: #ff0055; ">Talal bin Abdullah :</em> 26 February 1909 – 7 July 1972) was King of Jordan from the assassination of his father, Abdullah I, on 20 July 1951, until he was forced to abdicate on 11 August 1952. As a member of the Hashemite dynasty, the royal family of Jordan since 1921, Talal was a 39th-generation direct descendant of Muhammad.<br>Talal was born in Mecca as the eldest child of Abdullah and his wife Musbah bint Nasser. Abdullah was son of Hussein bin Ali, the Sharif of Mecca, who led the Great Arab Revolt during World War I against the Ottoman Empire in 1916. After removing Ottoman rule, Abdullah established the Emirate of Transjordan in 1921, which became a British Protectorate, and ruled as its Emir. During Abdullah's absence, Talal spent his early years alone with his mother. Talal received private education in Amman, later joining Transjordan's Arab Legion as second lieutenant in 1927. He then became aide to his grandfather Sharif Hussein, the ousted king of the Hejaz, during his exile in Cyprus. By 1948, Talal became a general in the Arab Legion.<br>AAbdullah sought independence in 1946, and the Emirate became the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. Talal became crown prince upon his father's designation as king of Jordan. Abdullah was assassinated in Jerusalem in 1951, and Talal became king. Talal's most revered achievement as king is the establishment of Jordan's modern constitution in 1952, rendering his kingdom as a constitutional monarchy. He ruled for less than thirteen months until he was forced to abdicate by Parliament due to mental illness—reported as schizophrenia. Talal spent the rest of his life at a sanatorium in Istanbul and died there on 7 July 1972. He was succeeded by his oldest son Hussein.<br>Talal ascended the Jordanian throne after the assassination of his father, Abdullah I, in Jerusalem. His son Hussein, who was accompanying his grandfather at Friday prayers, was also nearly a victim. On 20 July 1951, Prince Hussein travelled to Jerusalem to perform Friday prayers at the Al-Aqsa Mosque with his grandfather, King Abdullah I. An assassin, fearing that the king might normalise relations with the State of Israel, killed Abdullah, but the 15-year-old Hussein survived
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<br> <em style="font-size :25px; color: #ff0055; ">Hussein bin Talal:</em>14 November 1935 – 7 February 1999) was King of Jordan from 11 August 1952 until his death in 1999. As a member of the Hashemite dynasty, the royal family of Jordan since 1921, Hussein was a 40th-generation direct descendant of Muhammad.<br>Hussein was born in Amman as the eldest child of Talal bin Abdullah and Zein Al-Sharaf. Hussein began his schooling in Amman, continuing his education abroad. After Talal became King of Jordan in 1951, Hussein was named heir apparent. The Parliament forced Talal to abdicate a year later due to his illness, and a regency council was appointed until Hussein came of age. He was enthroned at the age of 17 on 2 May 1953. Hussein was married four separate times and fathered eleven children: Princess Alia from Dina bint Abdul-Hamid; Abdullah II, Prince Faisal, Princess Aisha, and Princess Zein from Antoinette Gardiner; Princess Haya and Prince Ali from Alia Touqan; Prince Hamzah, Prince Hashim, Princess Iman, and Princess Raiyah from Lisa Halaby.<br>Hussein, a constitutional monarch, started his rule with what was termed a "liberal experiment," allowing, in 1956, the formation of the only democratically elected government in Jordan's history. A few months into the experiment, he forced that government to resign, declaring martial law and banning political parties. Jordan fought three wars with Israel under Hussein, including the 1967 Six-Day War, which ended in Jordan's loss of the West Bank. In 1970 Hussein expelled Palestinian fighters (fedayeen) from Jordan after they had threatened the country's security in what became known as Black September. The King renounced Jordan's ties to the West Bank in 1988 after the Palestine Liberation Organization was recognized internationally as the sole representative of the Palestinians. He lifted martial law and reintroduced elections in 1989 when riots over price hikes spread in southern Jordan.
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<br> <em style="font-size :25px; color: #ff0055; ">Abdullah II bin Al-Hussein:</em>born 30 January 1962) is King of Jordan, reigning since 7 February 1999. As a member of the Hashemite dynasty, the royal family of Jordan since 1921, he is a 41st-generation direct descendant of the prophet Muhammad.<br>Abdullah was born in Amman as the first child of King Hussein of Jordan and his second wife, British-born Princess Muna. As the king's eldest son, Abdullah was heir apparent until Hussein transferred the title to Abdullah's uncle, Prince Hassan, in 1965. Abdullah began his schooling in Amman, continuing his education abroad. He began his military career in 1980 as a training officer in the Jordanian Armed Forces, later assuming command of the country's Special Forces in 1994, and he became a major general in 1998. In 1993 Abdullah married Rania Al-Yassin (of Palestinian descent), and they have four children: Crown Prince Hussein, Princess Iman, Princess Salma and Prince Hashem. A few weeks before his death in 1999, King Hussein named his eldest son Abdullah his heir, and Abdullah succeeded his father.
<br>Abdullah, a constitutional monarch, liberalized the economy when he assumed the throne, and his reforms led to an economic boom which continued until 2008. During the following years Jordan's economy experienced hardship as it dealt with the effects of the Great Recession and spillover from the Arab Spring, including a cut in its petroleum supply and the collapse of trade with neighboring countries. In 2011, large-scale protests demanding reform erupted in the Arab world. Many of the protests led to civil wars in other countries, but Abdullah responded quickly to domestic unrest by replacing the government and introducing reforms to the constitution and laws governing public freedoms and elections. Proportional representation was introduced to the Jordanian parliament in the 2016 general election, a move which he said would eventually lead to establishing parliamentary governments. The reforms took place amid unprecedented challenges stemming from regional instability, including an influx of 1.4 million Syrian refugees[into the natural resources-lacking country and the emergence of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL). <br>Abdullah was born on 30 January 1962 in Amman, to King Hussein and Hussein's British-born second wife, Princess Muna Al-Hussein (born Antoinette Avril Gardiner).<br>He is the namesake of his paternal great-grandfather, Abdullah I, who founded modern Jordan,bdullah's dynasty, the Hashemites, ruled Mecca for over 700 years—from the 10th century until the House of Saud conquered Mecca in 1925—and have ruled Jordan since 1921,he Hashemites are the oldest ruling dynasty in the Muslim world,According to family tradition, Abdullah is the 41st-generation agnatic descendant of Muhammad's daughter Fatimah and her husband, Ali, the fourth Rashidun caliph,bdullah met Rania Al-Yassin, a marketing employee at Apple Inc. in Amman, at a dinner organized by his sister Princess Aisha in January 1993.[16] They became engaged two months later, and their marriage took place in June,In 1994 Abdullah assumed command of Jordan's Special Forces and of other elite units as a brigadier general, restructuring them into the Joint Special Operations Command two years later,He became a major general, attended a course in defence-resources management at the American Naval Postgraduate School,and commanded an elite special-forces manhunt in the pursuit of outlaws in 1998.
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<br> <em style="font-size :25px; color: #ff0055; ">Crown Prince of Jordan:</em>Hussein bin Abdullah,the son of King Abdullah II. As a member of the Hashemite dynasty, the royal family of Jordan since 1921, he is a 42nd-generation direct descendant of Muhammad along with thousands of other individuals who claim noble descent.
<br>Hussein, currently a first lieutenant in the Jordanian Armed Forces, started his education in Jordan and in 2016 he graduated from Georgetown University with a degree in International History. Since reaching the age of majority in 2012, Hussein has functioned as regent on several occasions and has accompanied his father on a number of local and international visits. Hussein is in charge of the Crown Prince Foundation, which is responsible for a technical university and a number of scientific and humanitarian initiatives,In 2015, at the age of 20, Hussein became the youngest person to chair a UN Security Council session. After graduating from Sandhurst in 2017, he made a global debut when he addressed the UN General Assembly in September of that year.
<br>ussein was born on 28 June 1994 in Amman to the then-Prince Abdullah and Princess Rania.
Abdullah had met Rania, a marketing employee at Apple Inc., in Amman at a dinner organized by Abdullah's sister Princess Aisha in January 1993; they married six months later.
<br>Hussein is the namesake of his grandfather, King Hussein.Hussein claims descent in the male line from Muhammad's daughter Fatimah and Ali, the fourth caliph,The Hashemites ruled Mecca for over 700 years until its 1925 conquest by the House of Saud, and have ruled Jordan since 1921,The Hashemites are the oldest-ruling dynasty in the Muslim world, and are the second-oldest-ruling dynasty in the world, after the Imperial House of Japan.<br> His paternal grandmother is an English convert to Islam, and his mother is of Palestinian descent,Hussein is the eldest child of Abdullah. He has three siblings: Princess Iman, Princess Salma and Prince Hashem,Hussein started his primary education at the International School of Choueifat and the International Amman Academy,he finished his high school at King's Academy in 2012, obtained a bachelor's degree in International History at Georgetown University in 2016, and graduated from the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst in 2017. He is a first lieutenant in the Jordanian Armed Forces.
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