diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index a93d220f..499d93bd 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -9,6 +9,12 @@ and this project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/spec/v2.0.0
 
 ## [Unreleased]
 
+### Fixed
+
+- Restricted RLP decoding to match the RLP spec and disallow leading zeros ([#335])
+
+[#335]: https://github.com/recmo/uint/pulls/335
+
 ## [1.11.0] - 2023-10-27
 
 ### Added
diff --git a/src/support/alloy_rlp.rs b/src/support/alloy_rlp.rs
index 27b10476..50ebb976 100644
--- a/src/support/alloy_rlp.rs
+++ b/src/support/alloy_rlp.rs
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ const MAX_BITS: usize = 55 * 8;
 
 /// Allows a [`Uint`] to be serialized as RLP.
 ///
-/// See <https://eth.wiki/en/fundamentals/rlp>
+/// See <https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/data-structures-and-encoding/rlp/>
 impl<const BITS: usize, const LIMBS: usize> Encodable for Uint<BITS, LIMBS> {
     #[inline]
     fn length(&self) -> usize {
@@ -72,11 +72,24 @@ impl<const BITS: usize, const LIMBS: usize> Encodable for Uint<BITS, LIMBS> {
 
 /// Allows a [`Uint`] to be deserialized from RLP.
 ///
-/// See <https://eth.wiki/en/fundamentals/rlp>
+/// See <https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/data-structures-and-encoding/rlp/>
 impl<const BITS: usize, const LIMBS: usize> Decodable for Uint<BITS, LIMBS> {
     #[inline]
     fn decode(buf: &mut &[u8]) -> Result<Self, Error> {
         let bytes = Header::decode_bytes(buf, false)?;
+
+        // The RLP spec states that deserialized positive integers with leading zeroes
+        // get treated as invalid.
+        //
+        // See:
+        // https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/data-structures-and-encoding/rlp/
+        //
+        // To check this, we only need to check if the first byte is zero to make sure
+        // there are no leading zeros
+        if !bytes.is_empty() && bytes[0] == 0 {
+            return Err(Error::LeadingZero);
+        }
+
         Self::try_from_be_slice(bytes).ok_or(Error::Overflow)
     }
 }
@@ -148,4 +161,30 @@ mod test {
             });
         });
     }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_invalid_uints() {
+        // these are non-canonical because they have leading zeros
+        assert_eq!(
+            U256::decode(&mut &hex!("820000")[..]),
+            Err(Error::LeadingZero)
+        );
+        // 00 is not a valid uint
+        // See https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/blob/cd2953567268777507b1ec29269315324fb5aa9c/rlp/decode_test.go#L118
+        assert_eq!(U256::decode(&mut &hex!("00")[..]), Err(Error::LeadingZero));
+        // these are non-canonical because they can fit in a single byte, i.e.
+        // 0x7f, 0x33
+        assert_eq!(
+            U256::decode(&mut &hex!("8100")[..]),
+            Err(Error::NonCanonicalSingleByte)
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            U256::decode(&mut &hex!("817f")[..]),
+            Err(Error::NonCanonicalSingleByte)
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            U256::decode(&mut &hex!("8133")[..]),
+            Err(Error::NonCanonicalSingleByte)
+        );
+    }
 }
diff --git a/src/support/fastrlp.rs b/src/support/fastrlp.rs
index c2ab8a3e..c8551833 100644
--- a/src/support/fastrlp.rs
+++ b/src/support/fastrlp.rs
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ const MAX_BITS: usize = 55 * 8;
 
 /// Allows a [`Uint`] to be serialized as RLP.
 ///
-/// See <https://eth.wiki/en/fundamentals/rlp>
+/// See <https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/data-structures-and-encoding/rlp/>
 impl<const BITS: usize, const LIMBS: usize> Encodable for Uint<BITS, LIMBS> {
     #[inline]
     fn length(&self) -> usize {
@@ -72,16 +72,31 @@ impl<const BITS: usize, const LIMBS: usize> Encodable for Uint<BITS, LIMBS> {
 
 /// Allows a [`Uint`] to be deserialized from RLP.
 ///
-/// See <https://eth.wiki/en/fundamentals/rlp>
+/// See <https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/data-structures-and-encoding/rlp/>
 impl<const BITS: usize, const LIMBS: usize> Decodable for Uint<BITS, LIMBS> {
     #[inline]
     fn decode(buf: &mut &[u8]) -> Result<Self, DecodeError> {
+        // let bytes = Header::decode_bytes(buf, false)?;
         let header = Header::decode(buf)?;
         if header.list {
             return Err(DecodeError::UnexpectedList);
         }
+
         let bytes = &buf[..header.payload_length];
         *buf = &buf[header.payload_length..];
+
+        // The RLP spec states that deserialized positive integers with leading zeroes
+        // get treated as invalid.
+        //
+        // See:
+        // https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/data-structures-and-encoding/rlp/
+        //
+        // To check this, we only need to check if the first byte is zero to make sure
+        // there are no leading zeros
+        if !bytes.is_empty() && bytes[0] == 0 {
+            return Err(DecodeError::LeadingZero);
+        }
+
         Self::try_from_be_slice(bytes).ok_or(DecodeError::Overflow)
     }
 }