-
Notifications
You must be signed in to change notification settings - Fork 0
/
acmart.dtx
executable file
·6276 lines (6273 loc) · 199 KB
/
acmart.dtx
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
930
931
932
933
934
935
936
937
938
939
940
941
942
943
944
945
946
947
948
949
950
951
952
953
954
955
956
957
958
959
960
961
962
963
964
965
966
967
968
969
970
971
972
973
974
975
976
977
978
979
980
981
982
983
984
985
986
987
988
989
990
991
992
993
994
995
996
997
998
999
1000
% \iffalse
%
% Copyright 2016-2017, Association for Computing Machinery
% This work may be distributed and/or modified under the
% conditions of the LaTeX Project Public License, either
% version 1.3 of this license or (at your option) any
% later version.
% The latest version of the license is in
% http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt
% and version 1.3 or later is part of all distributions of
% LaTeX version 2005/12/01 or later.
%
% This work has the LPPL maintenance status `maintained'.
%
% The Current Maintainer of this work is Boris Veytsman,
%
% This work consists of the file acmart.dtx, the derived file
% acmart.cls, the files ACM-Reference-Format.bst, and templates
% sample-acmlarge.tex, sample-acmsmall.tex, sample-acmtog.tex,
% samplebody-conf.tex, samplebody-journals.tex, sample-manuscript.tex,
% sample-sigchi-a.tex, sample-sigchi.tex,
% sample-sigconf-authordraft.tex, sample-sigconf.tex,
% sample-sigplan.tex
%
% \fi
%
%
%% \CharacterTable
%% {Upper-case \A\B\C\D\E\F\G\H\I\J\K\L\M\N\O\P\Q\R\S\T\U\V\W\X\Y\Z
%% Lower-case \a\b\c\d\e\f\g\h\i\j\k\l\m\n\o\p\q\r\s\t\u\v\w\x\y\z
%% Digits \0\1\2\3\4\5\6\7\8\9
%% Exclamation \! Double quote \" Hash (number) \#
%% Dollar \$ Percent \% Ampersand \&
%% Acute accent \' Left paren \( Right paren \)
%% Asterisk \* Plus \+ Comma \,
%% Minus \- Point \. Solidus \/
%% Colon \: Semicolon \; Less than \<
%% Equals \= Greater than \> Question mark \?
%% Commercial at \@ Left bracket \[ Backslash \\
%% Right bracket \] Circumflex \^ Underscore \_
%% Grave accent \` Left brace \{ Vertical bar \|
%% Right brace \} Tilde \~}
%
%
% \MakeShortVerb{|}
% \def\guide{acmguide}
% \iffalse
% From
% http://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/117892/can-i-convert-a-string-to-catcode-11 by egreg
% \fi
% \begingroup
% \everyeof{\noexpand}
% \endlinechar=-1
% \xdef\currentjob{\scantokens\expandafter{\jobname}}
% \endgroup
%
% \ifx\currentjob\guide\OnlyDescription\fi
% \GetFileInfo{acmart.dtx}
% \title{\LaTeX{} Class for the \emph{Association for Computing
% Machinery}\thanks{\copyright 2016--2017, Association for Computing Machinery}}
% \author{Boris Veytsman\thanks{%
% \href{mailto:[email protected]}{\texttt{[email protected]}},
% \href{mailto:[email protected]}{\texttt{[email protected]}}}}
% \date{\filedate, \fileversion}
% \maketitle
% \begin{abstract}
% This package provides a class for typesetting publications of
% the Association for Computing Machinery.
% \end{abstract}
% \tableofcontents
%
% \clearpage
%
%\section{Introduction}
%\label{sec:intro}
%
% The Association for Computing
% Machinery\footnote{\url{http://www.acm.org/}} is the world's largest
% educational and scientific computing society, which delivers
% resources that advance computing as a science and a
% profession. It was one of the
% early adopters of \TeX\ for its typesetting.
%
% It provided several different classes for a number of journals and
% conference proceedings. Unfortunately during the years since these
% classes were written, the code was patched many times, and
% supporting different versions of the classes became difficult.
%
% This package provides the uniform interface for all ACM
% publications. It is intended to replace all the different classes and
% packages and provide an up-to-date \LaTeX\ package.
%
% This package uses only free \TeX\ packages and fonts included in \TeX
% Live, Mik\TeX\ and other popular \TeX\ distributions. It is
% intended to be published in these distributions itself, which
% minimizes users' efforts in the installation and support of this
% package.
%
% I am grateful to
% Michael D.~Adams,
% Leif Andersen,
% Dirk Beyer,
% Benjamin Byholm,
% Michael Ekstrand,
% Matthew Fluet,
% Paolo G.~Giarrusso,
% Ben Greenman,
% Jamie Davis,
% LianTze Lim,
% Ben Liblit,
% Kai Mindermann,
% Frank Mittelbach,
% Ross Moore,
% John Owens,
% Joel Nider,
% Tobias Pape,
% Mathias Rav,
% Matteo Riondato,
% Craig Rodkin,
% Bernard Rous,
% David Shamma,
% Stephen Spencer,
% John Wickerson
% and many others for their invaluable help.
%
% The development version of the package is available at
% \url{https://github.com/borisveytsman/acmart}.
%
%\section{User's guide}
%\label{sec:ug}
%
%
% This class uses many commands and customizaton options, so it might
% appear intimidating for a casual user. Do not panic! Many of these
% commands and options can be safely left with their default values
% or the values recommended by your conference or journal editors. If
% you have problems or questions, do not hesitate to ask me directly
% or the community at \url{https://github.com/borisveytsman/acmart},
% \url{https://tex.stackexchange.com} or the closest \TeX\ Users
% Group. The world-wide \TeX\ Users Group is at
% \url{https://tug.org/}; please consider joining us if you use \TeX\
% regularly.
%
%\subsection{Installation}
%\label{sec:ug_install}
%
% Most probably, you already have this package installed in your
% favorite \TeX\ distribution; if not, you may want to upgrade. You
% may need to upgrade it anyway since this package uses a number of
% relatively recent packages, especially the ones related to fonts.
%
% The latest released version of this package can be found on CTAN:
% \url{https://www.ctan.org/pkg/acmart}. The development version can
% be found on GitHub: \url{https://github.com/borisveytsman/acmart}.
% At this address you can file a bug report---or even contribute your
% own enhancement by making a pull request.
%
%
% Most users should not attempt to install this package themselves
% but should rather rely on their \TeX\ distributions to provide it. If you
% decide to install the package yourself, follow the standard rules:
% \begin{enumerate}
% \item Run |latex acmart.ins|. This will produce the file
% |acmart.cls|
% \item Put the files |acmart.cls| and |ACM-Reference-Format.bst|
% in places where \LaTeX{} can find them (see \cite{TeXFAQ} or
% the documentation for your \TeX{} system).\label{item:install}
% \item Update the database of file names. Again, see \cite{TeXFAQ}
% or the documentation for your \TeX{} system for the system-specific
% details.\label{item:update}
% \item The file |acmart.pdf| provides the documentation for the
% package. (This is probably the file you are reading now.)
% \end{enumerate}
% As an alternative to items~\ref{item:install} and~\ref{item:update}
% you can just put the files in the working directory where your
% |.tex| file is.
%
%
% This class uses a number of other packages. They are included in all
% major \TeX\ distributions (\TeX Live, Mac\TeX, Mik\TeX) of 2015 and
% later, so you probably have them installed. Just in case here is
% the list of these packages:
% \begin{itemize}
% \item \textsl{amscls}, \url{http://www.ctan.org/pkg/amscls}
% \item \textsl{amsfonts}, \url{http://www.ctan.org/pkg/amsfonts}
% \item \textsl{amsmath}, \url{http://www.ctan.org/pkg/amsmath}
% \item \textsl{binhex}, \url{http://www.ctan.org/pkg/binhex}
% \item \textsl{caption}, \url{http://www.ctan.org/pkg/caption}
% \item \textsl{comment}, \url{http://www.ctan.org/pkg/comment}
% \item \textsl{cm-super}, \url{http://www.ctan.org/pkg/cm-super}
% \item \textsl{cmap}, \url{http://www.ctan.org/pkg/cmap}
% \item \textsl{draftwatermark}, \url{http://www.ctan.org/pkg/draftwatermark}
% \item \textsl{environ}, \url{http://www.ctan.org/pkg/environ}
% \item \textsl{etoolbox}, \url{http://www.ctan.org/pkg/etoolbox}
% \item \textsl{fancyhdr}, \url{http://www.ctan.org/pkg/fancyhdr}
% \item \textsl{flushend}, \url{http://www.ctan.org/pkg/flushend}
% \item \textsl{float}, \url{http://www.ctan.org/pkg/float}
% \item \textsl{fontaxes}, \url{http://www.ctan.org/pkg/fontaxes}
% \item \textsl{geometry}, \url{http://www.ctan.org/pkg/geometry}
% \item \textsl{graphics}, \url{http://www.ctan.org/pkg/graphics}
% \item \textsl{hyperref}, \url{http://www.ctan.org/pkg/hyperref}
% \item \textsl{ifluatex}, \url{http://www.ctan.org/pkg/ifluatex}
% \item \textsl{ifxetex}, \url{http://www.ctan.org/pkg/ifxetex}
% \item \textsl{inconsolata}, \url{http://www.ctan.org/pkg/inconsolata}
% \item \textsl{libertine}, \url{http://www.ctan.org/pkg/libertine}
% \item \textsl{manyfoot}, \url{http://www.ctan.org/pkg/manyfoot}
% \item \textsl{microtype}, \url{http://www.ctan.org/pkg/microtype}
% \item \textsl{mmap}, \url{http://www.ctan.org/pkg/mmap}
% \item \textsl{ms}, \url{http://www.ctan.org/pkg/ms}
% \item \textsl{mweights}, \url{http://www.ctan.org/pkg/mweights}
% \item \textsl{natbib}, \url{http://www.ctan.org/pkg/natbib}
% \item \textsl{nccfoots}, \url{http://www.ctan.org/pkg/nccfoots}
% \item \textsl{newtx}, \url{http://www.ctan.org/pkg/newtx}
% \item \textsl{oberdiek}, \url{http://www.ctan.org/pkg/oberdiek}
% \item \textsl{pdftex-def}, \url{http://www.ctan.org/pkg/pdftex-def}
% \item \textsl{refcount}, \url{http://www.ctan.org/pkg/refcount}
% \item \textsl{setspace}, \url{http://www.ctan.org/pkg/setspace}
% \item \textsl{textcase}, \url{http://www.ctan.org/pkg/textcase}
% \item \textsl{totpages}, \url{http://www.ctan.org/pkg/totpages}
% \item \textsl{trimspaces}, \url{http://www.ctan.org/pkg/trimspaces}
% \item \textsl{upquote}, \url{http://www.ctan.org/pkg/upquote}
% \item \textsl{url}, \url{http://www.ctan.org/pkg/url}
% \item \textsl{xcolor}, \url{http://www.ctan.org/pkg/xcolor}
% \item \textsl{xkeyval}, \url{http://www.ctan.org/pkg/xkeyval}
% \item \textsl{xstring}, \url{http://www.ctan.org/pkg/xstring}
% \end{itemize}
%
%
%\subsection{Invocation and options}
%\label{sec:invocation}
%
% To use this class, put in the preamble of your document
% \begin{quote}
% \cs{documentclass}\oarg{options}|{acmart}|
% \end{quote}
% There are several options corresponding to the type of the document and
% its general appearance. They are described below. Generally
% speaking, the options have |key=value| forms, for example,
% \begin{verbatim}
% \documentclass[format=acmsmall, screen=true, review=false]{acmart}
% \end{verbatim}
%
%
% The option |format| describes the format of the output. There are
% several possible values for this option, for example,
% \begin{verbatim}
% \documentclass[format=acmtog]{acmart}
% \end{verbatim}
% Actually the words |format=| can be omitted, e.g.,
% \begin{verbatim}
% \documentclass[acmtog, review=false]{acmart}
% \end{verbatim}
% The possible formats are listed in
% Table~\ref{tab:opts_format}. Note that formats starting with |acm|
% are intended for journals and transactions, while formats starting
% with |sig| are intended for proceedings published as books.
%
% Note that sometimes conference proceedings are published as a
% special issue (or issues) of an ACM journal. In this case, you
% should use the journal format for a conference paper. Please
% contact your conference committee if in doubt.
%
% \begin{table}
% \centering
% \caption{The possible values for the \texttt{format} option}
% \label{tab:opts_format}
% \begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{>{\ttfamily}lX}
% \toprule
% \normalfont Value & Meaning\\
% \midrule
% manuscript & A manuscript. This is the default. \\
% acmsmall & Small single-column format. Used for CIE, CSUR, JACM, JDIQ, JEA, JERIC,
% JETC, PACMHCI, PACMPL, TAAS, TACCESS, TACO, TALG, TALLIP (formerly TALIP), TCPS,
% TEAC, TECS, THRI, TIIS, TISSEC, TIST, TKDD, TMIS, TOCE, TOCHI, TOCL,
% TOCS, TOCT, TODAES, TODS, TOIS, TOIT, TOMACS, TOMM (formerly
% TOMCCAP), TOMPECS, TOMS, TOPC, TOPLAS, TOPS,
% TOS, TOSEM, TOSN, TRETS,
% TSAS, TSC, TSLP and TWEB, including special issues. \\
% acmlarge & Large single-column format. Used for
% IMWUT, JOCCH, POMACS and TAP, including special issues. \\
% acmtog & Large double-column format. Used for
% TOG, including special issues.\\
% sigconf & Proceedings format for most ACM
% conferences (with the exceptions listed below) and all ICPS
% volumes.\\
% siggraph & As of March 2017, this format is no longer
% used. Please use |sigconf| for SIGGRAPH conferences. \\
% sigplan & Proceedings format for SIGPLAN conferences.\\
% sigchi & Proceedings format for SIGCHI conferences.\\
% sigchi-a & Format for SIGCHI extended abstracts.\\
% \bottomrule
% \end{tabularx}
% \end{table}
%
% There are several Boolean options that can take |true| or |false|
% values. They are listed in Table~\ref{tab:opts_bool}. The words
% |=true| can be omitted when setting a Boolean option, so instead of
% |screen=true| one can write just |screen|, for example,
% \begin{verbatim}
% \documentclass[acmsmall, screen, review]{acmart}
% \end{verbatim}
% The option |review| is useful when combined with the |manuscript| format
% option. It provides a version suitable for reviewers and
% copy editors.
%
% The default for the option |screen| depends on the publication. At
% present it is |false| for all publications \emph{but} PACM, since
% PACM is now electronic-only. Thus PACM titles~(see
% Table~\ref{tab:pubs}) set this option to |true|. In the future this
% option may involve additional features suitable for on-screen
% versions of articles.
%
% The option |natbib| is used when the corresponding
% \BibTeX\ style is based on |natbib|. In most cases you do not need
% to set it. See
% Section~\ref{sec:ug_bibliography}.
%
% The option |anonymous| is used
% for anonymous review processes and causes all author information to be
% obscured.
%
% The option |timestamp| is used to include a time stamp in the
% footer of each page. When preparing a document, this can help avoid
% confusing different revisions. The footer also includes the page range of
% the document. This helps detect missing pages in hard copies.
%
% The option |authordraft| is intended for author's drafts that are not
% intended for distribution. It typesets a copyright block to give the
% author an idea of its size and the overall size of the paper but
% overprints it with the phrase ``Unpublished working draft. Not for
% distribution.'', which is also used as a watermark. This option sets
% |timestamp| and |review| to |true|, but these can be
% overriden by setting these options to |false| \emph{after}
% setting |authordraft| to |true|.
%
% \begin{table}
% \centering
% \caption{Boolean options}
% \label{tab:opts_bool}
% \begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{>{\ttfamily}l>{\ttfamily}lX}
% \toprule
% \normalfont Option & \normalfont Default & Meaning\\
% \midrule
% review & false & A review version: lines are numbered and
% hyperlinks are colored\\
% screen & {\rmfamily see text} & A screen version:
% hyperlinks are colored\\
% natbib & true & Whether to use the |natbib| package (see
% Section~\ref{sec:ug_bibliography})\\
% anonymous & false & Whether to make author(s) anonymous\\
% authorversion & false & Whether to generate a special
% version for the authors' personal use or posting (see
% Section~\ref{sec:ug_topmatter})\\
% timestamp & false & Whether to put a time stamp in the
% footer of each page\\
% authordraft & false & Whether author's-draft mode is enabled\\
% acmthm & true & Whether to define theorem-like environments, see
% Section~\ref{sec:ug_theorems}\\
% \bottomrule
% \end{tabularx}
% \end{table}
%
%
%
%\subsection{Top matter}
%\label{sec:ug_topmatter}
%
% A number of commands set up \emph{top matter} or (in
% computer science jargon) \emph{metadata} for an article. They
% establish the publication name, article title, authors, DOI and
% other data. Some of these commands, like \cs{title} and \cs{author},
% should be put by the authors. Others, like \cs{acmVolume} and
% \cs{acmDOI}---by the editors. Below we describe these commands and
% mention who should issue them. These macros should be used
% \emph{before} the \cs{maketitle} command. Note that in previous
% versions of ACM classes some of these commands should be used before
% \cs{maketitle}, and some after it. Now they all must be used before
% \cs{maketitle}.
%
%
% This class internally loads the |amsart| class, so many top-matter
% commands are inherited from |amsart|~\cite{Downes04:amsart}.
%
% \DescribeMacro{\acmJournal}%
% The macro \cs{acmJournal}\marg{shortName} sets the name of the
% journal or transaction for journals and transactions. The argument
% is the short name of the publication \emph{in uppercase}, for
% example,
% \begin{verbatim}
% \acmJournal{TOMS}
% \end{verbatim}
% The currently recognized journals are listed in
% Table~\ref{tab:pubs}. Note that conference proceedings published in
% \emph{book} form do not set this macro.
%
% \begin{table}
% \centering
% \caption{ACM publications and arguments of the \cs{acmJournal}
% command}\footnotesize
% \label{tab:pubs}
% \begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{>{\ttfamily}lX}
% \toprule
% \normalfont Abbreviation & Publication \\
% \midrule
% CIE & ACM Computers in Entertainment \\
% CSUR & ACM Computing Surveys\\
% IMWUT & PACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous
% Technologies\\
% JACM & Journal of the ACM \\
% JDIQ & ACM Journal of Data and Information Quality \\
% JEA & ACM Journal of Experimental Algorithmics \\
% JERIC & ACM Journal of Educational Resources in Computing\\
% JETC & ACM Journal on Emerging Technologies in Computing Systems \\
% JOCCH & ACM Journal on Computing and Cultural Heritage \\
% PACMHCI & PACM on Human-Computer Interaction\\
% PACMPL & PACM on Programming Languages \\
% POMACS & PACM on Measurement and Analysis of Computing Systems \\
% TAAS & ACM Transactions on Autonomous and Adaptive Systems\\
% TACCESS & ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing\\
% TACO & ACM Transactions on Architecture and Code Optimization \\
% TALG & ACM Transactions on Algorithms \\
% TALLIP & ACM Transactions on Asian and Low-Resource Language
% Information Processing\\
% TAP & ACM Transactions on Applied Perception \\
% TCPS & ACM Transactions on Cyber-Physical Systems\\
% TEAC & ACM Transactions on Economics and Computation\\
% TECS & ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems \\
% THRI & ACM Transactions on Human-Robot Interaction\\
% TIIS & ACM Transactions on Interactive Intelligent Systems\\
% TISSEC & ACM Transactions on Information and System Security\\
% TIST & ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology \\
% TKDD & ACM Transactions on Knowledge Discovery from Data\\
% TMIS & ACM Transactions on Management Information Systems\\
% TOCE & ACM Transactions on Computing Education\\
% TOCHI & ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction\\
% TOCL & ACM Transactions on Computational Logic\\
% TOCS & ACM Transactions on Computer Systems \\
% TOCT & ACM Transactions on Computation Theory \\
% TODAES & ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems\\
% TODS & ACM Transactions on Database Systems\\
% TOG & ACM Transactions on Graphics\\
% TOIS & ACM Transactions on Information Systems\\
% TOIT & ACM Transactions on Internet Technology\\
% TOMACS & ACM Transactions on Modeling and Computer Simulation \\
% TOMM & ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications
% and Applications \\
% TOMPECS & ACM Transactions on Modeling and Performance Evaluation
% of Computing Systems\\
% TOMS & ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software\\
% TOPC & ACM Transactions on Parallel Computing\\
% TOPLAS & ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems\\
% TOPS & ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security\\
% TOS & ACM Transactions on Storage\\
% TOSEM & ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology\\
% TOSN & ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks\\
% TRETS & ACM Transactions on Reconfigurable Technology and Systems\\
% TSAS & ACM Transactions on Spatial Algorithms and Systems\\
% TSC & ACM Transactions on Social Computing\\
% TSLP & ACM Transactions on Speech and Language Processing \\
% TWEB & ACM Transactions on the Web\\
% \bottomrule
% \end{tabularx}
% \end{table}
%
% It is expected that this command is inserted by the author of the
% manuscript when she decides to which journal to submit the
% manuscript.
%
% \DescribeMacro{\acmConference}%
% The macro
% \cs{acmConference}\oarg{short name}\marg{name}\marg{date}\marg{venue} is
% used for conference proceedings published in the book form. The
% arguments are the following:
% \begin{description}
% \item[short name:] the abbreviated name of the conference (optional).
% \item[name:] the name of the conference.
% \item[date:] the date(s) of the conference.
% \item[venue:] the place of the conference.
% \end{description}
% Examples:
% \begin{verbatim}
% \acmConference[TD'15]{Technical Data Conference}{November
% 12--16}{Dallas, TX, USA}
% \acmConference{SA'15 Art Papers}{November 02--06, 2015}{Kobe, Japan}
% \end{verbatim}
%
% \DescribeMacro{\acmBooktitle}%
% By default we assume that conference proceedings are published
% in the book named \emph{Proceedings of \textsc{CONFERENCE}}, where
% \textsc{CONFERENCE} is the name of the conference inferred from the
% command \cs{acmConference} above. However, sometimes the book title
% is different. The command \cs{acmBooktitle} can be used to set this
% title, for example,
% \begin{verbatim}
% \acmBooktitle{Companion to the first International Conference on the
% Art, Science and Engineering of Programming (Programming '17)}
% \end{verbatim}
%
% \DescribeMacro{\editor}%
% In most cases, conference proceedings are edited. You can use the
% command \cs{editor}\marg{editor} to set the editor of the volume.
% This command can be repeated, for example,
% \begin{verbatim}
% \editor{Jennifer B. Sartor}
% \editor{Theo D'Hondt}
% \editor{Wolfgang De Meuter}
% \end{verbatim}
%
%
% \DescribeMacro{\title}%
% The command |\title|, as in the |amsart| class, has two arguments: one
% optional, and one mandatory:
% \begin{flushleft}
% |\title[|\meta{ShortTitle}|]{|\meta{FullTitle}|}|
% \end{flushleft}
% The mandatory argument is the full title of the article. The
% optional argument, if present, defines the shorter version of the
% title for running heads. If the optional argument is absent, the
% full title is used instead.
%
% It is expected that this command is inserted by the author of the
% manuscript.
%
% \DescribeMacro{\subtitle}%
% Besides title, ACM classes allow a subtitle, set with the
% \cs{subtitle}\marg{subtitle} macro.
%
% The commands for specifying authors are highly structured.
% The reason is they serve double duty: the authors' information is
% typeset in the manuscript \emph{and} is used by the metadata
% extraction tools for indexing and cataloguing. Therefore it is very
% important to follow the guidelines exactly.
%
% \DescribeMacro{\author}%
% \DescribeMacro{\orcid}
% \DescribeMacro{\affiliation}%
% \DescribeMacro{\email}%
% The basic commands are \cs{author}, \cs{orcid} (for the researchers
% registered with ORCID, \url{http://www.orcid.org/}), \cs{affiliation} and
% \cs{email}. In the simplest case, you enter them in this order:
% \begin{verbatim}
% \author{...}
% \orcid{...}
% \affiliation{...}
% \email{...}
% \end{verbatim}
% Do \emph{not} use the \LaTeX\ \cs{and} macro! Each author deserves
% his or her own \cs{author} command.
%
% Note that some formats do not typset e-mails or ORCID identifiers.
% Do not worry: the metadata tools will get them.
%
% Sometimes an author has several affiliations. In this case, the
% \cs{affiliation} command should be repeated:
% \begin{verbatim}
% \author{...}
% \orcid{...}
% \affiliation{...}
% \affiliation{...}
% \email{...}
% \end{verbatim}
% Similarly you can repeat the \cs{email} command.
%
% You may have several authors with the same affiliation, different
% affiliations, or overlapping affiliations (author~$A_1$ is affiliated
% with institutions $I_1$ and $I_2$, while author $A_2$ is affiliated
% with $I_2$ only, author $A_3$ is affiliated with
% $I_1$ and $I_3$, etc.). The recommended solution is to put the
% \cs{affiliation} commands after each author, possibly repeating them:
% \begin{verbatim}
% \author{...}
% \orcid{...}
% \affiliation{...}
% \affiliation{...}
% \email{...}
% \author{...}
% \orcid{...}
% \affiliation{...}
% \email{...}
% \author{...}
% \orcid{...}
% \affiliation{...}
% \affiliation{...}
% \email{...}
% \end{verbatim}
% In some cases, when several authors share the same affiliation, you can
% try to save space using the format
% \begin{verbatim}
% \author{...}
% \email{...}
% \author{...}
% \email{...}
% \affiliation{...}
% \end{verbatim}
% However, this format is not generally recommended.
%
% \DescribeMacro{\additionalaffiliation}%
% In some cases, too many affiliations can take too much space. The
% command \cs{additionalaffiliation}\marg{affiliation} creates a
% footnote after an author's name with the words ``Also with
% \marg{affiliation}''. You should use this command only as a last
% resort. An example of usage is:
% \begin{verbatim}
% \author{G. Tobin}
% \author{Ben Trovato}
% \additionalaffiliation{%
% \institution{The Th{\o}rv{\"a}ld Group}
% \streetaddress{1 Th{\o}rv{\"a}ld Circle}
% \city{Hekla}
% \country{Iceland}}
% \affiliation{%
% \institution{Institute for Clarity in Documentation}
% \streetaddress{P.O. Box 1212}
% \city{Dublin}
% \state{Ohio}
% \postcode{43017-6221}}
% \end{verbatim}
% Here Trovato and Tobin share their affiliation with the Institute
% for Clarity in Documentation, but only Ben Trovato is affiliated
% with The Th{\o}rv{\"a}ld Group.
%
%
% \DescribeMacro{\position}%
% \DescribeMacro{\institution}%
% \DescribeMacro{\department}%
% \DescribeMacro{\streetaddress}%
% \DescribeMacro{\city}%
% \DescribeMacro{\state}%
% \DescribeMacro{\postcode}%
% \DescribeMacro{\country}%
% The \cs{affiliation} and \cs{additionalaffiliation} commands are
% further structured to interact with the metadata extraction tools.
% Inside these commands you should use the \cs{position},
% \cs{institution}, \cs{department}, \cs{city}, \cs{streetaddress},
% \cs{state}, \cs{postcode} and \cs{country} macros to indicate the
% corresponding parts of the affiliation. Note that in some cases
% (for example, journals) these parts are not printed in the resulting
% copy, but they \emph{are} necessary since they are used by the XML
% metadata extraction programs. Do \emph{not} put commas or |\\|
% between the elements of \cs{affiliation}. They will be provided
% automatically.
%
%
% An example of the author block:
% \begin{verbatim}
% \author{A. U. Thor}
% \orcid{1234-4564-1234-4565}
% \affiliation{%
% \institution{University of New South Wales}
% \department{School of Biomedical Engineering}
% \streetaddress{Samuels Building (F25), Kensington Campus}
% \city{Sidney}
% \state{NSW}
% \postcode{2052}
% \country{Australia}}
% \email{[email protected]}
% \author{A. N. Other}
% \affiliation{%
% \institution{University of New South Wales}
% \city{Sidney}
% \state{NSW}
% \country{Australia}}
% \author{C. O. Respondent}
% \orcid{1234-4565-4564-1234}
% \affiliation{%
% \institution{University of Pennsylvania}
% \city{Philadelphia}
% \state{PA}
% \country{USA}}
% \affiliation{%
% \institution{University of New South Wales}
% \city{Sidney}
% \state{NSW}
% \country{Australia}}
% \end{verbatim}
%
% Note that the old ACM conference formats did not allow more than six
% authors and required some effort from authors to achieve
% alignment. The new format is much better in this.
%
% Sometimes an author works in several departments within the same
% insitution. There could be two situations: the departments are
% independent, or one department is within another. In the first
% case, just repeat the command \cs{department} several times. To
% handle the second case the command has an optional numerical
% parameter. The departments with higher numbers are higher in the
% organizational chart. Compare
% \begin{verbatim}
% \affiliation{%
% \department[0]{Department of Lunar Studies} % 0 is the default
% \department[1]{John Doe Institute} % higher than 0
% \institution{University of San Serriffe}
% \country{San Serriffe}}
% \end{verbatim}
% and
% \begin{verbatim}
% \affiliation{%
% \department{Department of Lunar Studies} % Not in the John Doe Institute!
% \department{John Doe Institute}
% \institution{University of San Serriffe}
% \country{San Serriffe}}
% \end{verbatim}
%
%
% The command \cs{affiliation} formats its output according to
% American conventions. This might be wrong for some cases.
% Consider, for example, a German address. In Germany, the postcode is
% put before the city and is not separated by a comma. We can handle this
% order using
% \begin{verbatim}
% \affiliation{%
% \institution{Fluginstitut}
% \streetaddress{Sonnenallee 17}
% \postcode{123456}
% \city{Helm}
% \country{Germany}}
% \end{verbatim}
% However, the comma after the postcode is unfortunate: the address will
% be typeset (in some formats) as
% \begin{verbatim}
% Fluginstitut
% Sonenallee 17
% 123456, Helm, Germany
% \end{verbatim}
%
%
% To overcome this problem, the command \cs{affiliation} has an
% optional parameter |obeypunctuation|, which can be |false| (the
% default) or |true|. If this parameter is |true|, \cs{afffiliation}
% obeys the author's command. Thus
% \begin{verbatim}
% \affiliation[obeypuctuation=true]{%
% \institution{Fluginstitut}\\
% \streetaddress{Sonnenallee 17}\\
% \postcode{123456}
% \city{Helm},
% \country{Germany}}
% \end{verbatim}
% will be typeset as
% \begin{verbatim}
% Fluginstitut
% Sonenallee 17
% 123456 Helm, Germany
% \end{verbatim}
%
% Note that you should \emph{not} use this option for journals.
%
% It is expected that these commands are inserted by the author of the
% manuscript.
%
% \DescribeMacro{\thanks}%
% Like |amsart| (and unlike standard \LaTeX{}), we allow
% |\thanks| only \emph{outside} of the commands |\title| and |\author|.
% This command is obsolete and should \emph{not} be used in most
% cases. Do not list your acknowledgments or grant sponsors here.
% Put this information in the |acks| environment (see
% Section~\ref{sec:ug_acks}).
%
% \DescribeMacro{\authorsaddresses}%
% In some formats, addresses are printed as a footnote on the first
% page. By default \LaTeX\ typesets them itself using the information
% you give it. However, you can override its choice using the
% commmand \cs{authorsaddresses}\marg{contact addresses}, for example,
% \begin{verbatim}
% \authorsaddresses{%
% Authors' addresses: G.~Zhou, Computer Science Department, College of
% William and Mary, 104 Jameson Rd, Williamsburg, PA 23185, US;
% V.~B\'eranger, Inria Paris-Rocquencourt, Rocquencourt, France;
% A.~Patel, Rajiv Gandhi University, Rono-Hills, Doimukh, Arunachal
% Pradesh, India; H.~Chan, Tsinghua University, 30 Shuangqing Rd,
% Haidian Qu, Beijing Shi, China; T.~Yan, Eaton Innovation Center,
% Prague, Czech Republic; T.~He, C.~Huang, J.~A.~Stankovic University
% of Virginia, School of Engineering Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA;
% T. F. Abdelzaher, (Current address) NASA Ames Research Center,
% Moffett Field, California 94035.}
% \end{verbatim}
% You can \emph{suppress} printing authors' addresses by setting them
% to an empty string: |\authorsaddresses{}|.
%
% \DescribeMacro{\titlenote}%
% \DescribeMacro{\subtitlenote}%
% \DescribeMacro{\authornote}%
% While the command \cs{thanks} generates a note without a footnote
% mark, sometimes the authors might need notes more tightly connected
% to the title, subtitle or author. The commands \cs{titlenote},
% \cs{subtitlenote} and \cs{authornote} that follow the corresponding
% commands (\cs{title}, \cs{subtitle} and \cs{author}) generate such
% notes. For example,
% \begin{verbatim}
% \title{This is a title}
% \titlenote{This is a titlenote}
% \author{A. U. Thor}
% \authornote{This is an authornote}
% \end{verbatim}
%
% Please never use a \cs{footnote} inside an \cs{author} or \cs{title}
% command since this confuses the metadata extraction software. (Actually
% these commands now produce errors.)
%
% \DescribeMacro{\authornotemark}%
% Sometimes one may need to have the same footnote connected to
% several authors. The command \cs{authornotemark}\oarg{number} adds
% just the footnote mark, for example,
% \begin{verbatim}
% \author{A. U. Thor}
% \authornote{Both authors contributed equally to the paper}
% ...
% \author{A. N. Other}
% \authornotemark[1]
% \end{verbatim}
% The correct numbering of these marks is the responsibility of the
% user.
%
% \DescribeMacro{\acmVolume}%
% \DescribeMacro{\acmNumber}%
% \DescribeMacro{\acmArticle}%
% \DescribeMacro{\acmYear}%
% \DescribeMacro{\acmMonth}%
% The macros \cs{acmVolume}, \cs{acmNumber}, \cs{acmArticle},
% \cs{acmYear} and \cs{acmMonth} are inserted by the editor and set
% the journal volume, issue, article number, year and month
% corrspondingly. The arguments of all these commands, including
% \cs{acmMonth}, is numerical. For example,
% \begin{verbatim}
% \acmVolume{9}
% \acmNumber{4}
% \acmArticle{39}
% \acmYear{2010}
% \acmMonth{3}
% \end{verbatim}
% Note that \cs{acmArticle} is used not only for journals but also
% for some conference proceedings.
%
% \DescribeMacro{\acmArticleSeq}%
% The articles in the same issue of a journal have a \emph{sequence
% number}. It is used to vertically position the black blob on the first
% page of some formats. By default it is the same as the article number,
% but the command \cs{acmArticleSeq}\marg{n} can be used to change it:
% \begin{verbatim}
% \acmArticle{39} % The sequence number will be 39 by default
% \acmArticleSeq{5} % We redefine it to 5
% \end{verbatim}
% Setting this number to zero suppresses the blob.
%
% \DescribeMacro{\acmSubmissionID}%
% If your paper got a Submission~ID from the Conference Management
% System, put it here:
% \begin{verbatim}
% \acmSubmissionID{123-A56-BU3}
% \end{verbatim}
%
%
% \DescribeMacro{\acmPrice}%
% The macro \cs{acmPrice}\marg{price} sets the price for the article,
% for example,
% \begin{verbatim}
% \acmPrice{25.00}
% \end{verbatim}
% Note that you do not need to put the dollar sign here, just the
% amount. By default the price is \$15.00, unless the copyright is
% set to |usgov| or |rightsretained|, when it is suppressed. Note that to
% override the defaults you need to set the price \emph{after} the
% \cs{setcopyright} command. Also, the
% command |\acmPrice{}| suppresses the printing of the price.
%
% \DescribeMacro{\acmISBN}%
% Book-like volumes have ISBN numbers attached to them. The macro
% \cs{acmISBN}\marg{ISBN} sets it. Normally it is set by the
% typesetter, for example,
% \begin{verbatim}
% \acmISBN{978-1-4503-3916-2}
% \end{verbatim}
% Setting it to the empty string, as |\acmISBN{}|, suppresses printing the
% ISBN.
%
% \DescribeMacro{\acmDOI}%
% The macro \cs{acmDOI}\marg{DOI} sets the DOI of the article, for
% example,
% \begin{verbatim}
% \acmDOI{10.1145/9999997.9999999}
% \end{verbatim}
% It is normally set by the typesetter. Setting it to the empty
% string, as |\acmDOI{}|, suppresses the DOI.
%
%
% \DescribeMacro{\acmBadgeR}%
% \DescribeMacro{\acmBadgeL}%
% Some conference articles get special distinctions, for example, the
% artifact evaluation for PPoPP~2016
% (see~\url{http://ctuning.org/ae/ppopp2016.html}). These articles
% display special badges supplied by the conference organizers. This
% class provides commands to add these badges:
% \cs{acmBadgeR}\oarg{url}\marg{graphics} and
% \cs{acmBadgeL}\oarg{url}\marg{graphics}. The first command puts the
% badge to the right of the title, and the second one---to the left.
% The exception is the |sigchi-a| mode for SIGCHI extended abstracts,
% which puts the badges on the left margin. The arguments have the
% following meaning: \oarg{url}, if provided, sets the link to the
% badge authority in the screen version, while \marg{graphics} sets
% the graphics file with the badge image. The file must be a cropped
% square, which is scaled to a standard size in the output. For
% example, if the badge image is |ae-logo.pdf|, the command is
% \begin{verbatim}
% \acmBadgeR[http://ctuning.org/ae/ppopp2016.html]{ae-logo}
% \end{verbatim}
%
%
%
% \DescribeMacro{\startPage}%
% The macro \cs{startPage}\marg{page} sets the first page of the
% article in a journal or book. It is used by the typesetter.
%
%
% \DescribeMacro{\terms}%
% \DescribeMacro{\keywords}%
% The command
% \cs{keywords}\marg{keyword, keyword,\ldots} sets keywords for the
% article. They must be
% separated by commas, for example,
% \begin{verbatim}
% \keywords{wireless sensor networks, media access control,
% multi-channel, radio interference, time synchronization}
% \end{verbatim}
%
% \DescribeEnv{CCSXML}%
% \DescribeMacro{\ccsdesc}%
% ACM publications are classified according to the ACM Computing
% Classification Scheme (CCS). CCS codes are used both in the typeset
% version of the publications \emph{and} in the metadata in various
% databases. Therefore you need to provide both \TeX\ commands and XML
% metadata with the paper.
%
% The tool at \url{http://dl.acm.org/ccs.cfm} can be used to generate
% CCS codes. After you select the topics, click on ``Generate CCS
% codes'' to get results like the following:
% \begin{verbatim}
% \begin{CCSXML}
% <ccs2012>
% <concept>
% <concept_id>10010520.10010553.10010562</concept_id>
% <concept_desc>Computer systems organization~Embedded systems</concept_desc>
% <concept_significance>500</concept_significance>
% </concept>
% <concept>
% <concept_id>10010520.10010575.10010755</concept_id>
% <concept_desc>Computer systems organization~Redundancy</concept_desc>
% <concept_significance>300</concept_significance>
% </concept>
% <concept>
% <concept_id>10010520.10010553.10010554</concept_id>
% <concept_desc>Computer systems organization~Robotics</concept_desc>
% <concept_significance>100</concept_significance>
% </concept>
% <concept>
% <concept_id>10003033.10003083.10003095</concept_id>
% <concept_desc>Networks~Network reliability</concept_desc>
% <concept_significance>100</concept_significance>
% </concept>
% </ccs2012>
% \end{CCSXML}
%
% \ccsdesc[500]{Computer systems organization~Embedded systems}
% \ccsdesc[300]{Computer systems organization~Redundancy}
% \ccsdesc{Computer systems organization~Robotics}
% \ccsdesc[100]{Networks~Network reliability}
% \end{verbatim}
%
% You just need to copy this code and paste it in your paper anywhere
% before \verb|\maketitle|.
%
% \DescribeMacro{\setcopyright}
% There are several possibilities for the copyright of the papers
% published by the ACM: the authors may transfer the rights to the ACM,
% license them to the ACM, some or all authors might be employees of the
% US or Canadian governments, etc. Accordingly the command
% \verb|\setcopyright{...}| is introduced. Its argument is the
% copyright status of the paper, for example,
% \verb|\setcopyright{acmcopyright}|. The possible values for this
% command are listed in Table~\ref{tab:setcopyright}.
%
% \begin{table}
% \centering
% \caption{Parameters for the \texttt{\textbackslash setcopyright} command}
% \label{tab:setcopyright}
% \begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{lX}
% \toprule
% Parameter & Meaning\\
% \midrule
% \texttt{none} & The copyright and permission information is not
% typeset. (This is the option for some ACM conferences.) \\
% \texttt{acmcopyright} & The authors transfer the copyright to the
% ACM (the ``traditional'' choice).\\
% \texttt{acmlicensed} & The authors retain the copyright but
% license the publication rights to the ACM\@. \\
% \texttt{rightsretained} & The authors retain the copyright and
% publication rights to themselves or somebody else. \\
% \texttt{usgov} & All the authors are employees of the US
% government. \\
% \texttt{usgovmixed} & Some authors are employees of the US