References.bib

@book{aadATLASExperimentCERN2008,
  title = {The {{ATLAS Experiment}} at the {{CERN Large Hadron Collider}}},
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  year = {2008},
  journal = {JINST},
  url = {https://cds.cern.ch/record/1129811},
  isbn = {978-92-9083-348-2},
  langid = {english},
  lccn = {621.384 CER},
  keywords = {Detectors and Experimental Techniques}
}

@article{abdallahMassesLifetimesProduction2006,
  title = {Masses, lifetimes and production rates of ${\Xi}^{-}$ and $\overline{\Xi}^{+}$ at {LEP 1}},
  author = {Abdallah, J. and Abreu, P. and Adam, W. and Adzic, P. and Albrecht, T. and Alderweireld, T. and Alemany-Fernandez, R. and Allmendinger, T. and Allport, P. P. and Amaldi, U. and Amapane, N. and Amato, S. and Anashkin, E. and Andreazza, A. and Andringa, S. and Anjos, N. and Antilogus, P. and Apel, W. -D. and Arnoud, Y. and Ask, S. and Asman, B. and Augustin, J. E. and Augustinus, A. and Baillon, P. and Ballestrero, A. and Bambade, P. and Barbier, R. and Bardin, D. and Barker, G. J. and Baroncelli, A. and Battaglia, M. and Baubillier, M. and Becks, K. -H. and Begalli, M. and Behrmann, A. and Ben-Haim, E. and Benekos, N. and Benvenuti, A. and Berat, C. and Berggren, M. and Berntzon, L. and Bertrand, D. and Besancon, M. and Besson, N. and Bloch, D. and Blom, M. and Bluj, M. and Bonesini, M. and Boonekamp, M. and Booth, P. S. L. and Borisov, G. and Botner, O. and Bouquet, B. and Bowcock, T. J. 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C. and Tegenfeldt, F. and Timmermans, J. and Tkatchev, L. and Tobin, M. and Todorovova, S. and Tome, B. and Tonazzo, A. and Tortosa, P. and Travnicek, P. and Treille, D. and Tristram, G. and Trochimczuk, M. and Troncon, C. and Turluer, M. -L. and Tyapkin, I. A. and Tyapkin, P. and Tzamarias, S. and Uvarov, V. and Valenti, G. and Van Dam, P. and Van Eldik, J. and van Remortel, N. and Van Vulpen, I. and Vegni, G. and Veloso, F. and Venus, W. and Verdier, P. and Verzi, V. and Vilanova, D. and Vitale, L. and Vrba, V. and Wahlen, H. and Walck, C. and Washbrook, A. J. and Weiser, C. and Wicke, D. and Wickens, J. and Wilkinson, G. and Winter, M. and Witek, M. and Yushchenko, O. and Zalewska, A. and Zalewski, P. and Zavrtanik, D. and Zhuravlov, V. and Zimin, N. I. and Zintchenko, A. and Zupan, M.},
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  month = aug,
  journal = {Physics Letters B},
  volume = {639},
  number = {3},
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  issn = {0370-2693},
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  url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0370269306007659},
  urldate = {2022-09-13},
  abstract = {Measurements of the Ξ− and Ξ¯+ masses, mass differences, lifetimes and lifetime differences are presented. The Ξ¯+ sample used is much larger than those used previously for such measurements. In addition, the Ξ production rates in Z→bb¯ and Z→qq¯ events are compared and the position ξ∗ of the maximum of the ξ distribution in Z→qq¯ events is measured.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/JZXRYV7J/Abdallah et al. - 2006 - Masses, lifetimes and production rates of Ξ− and Ξ.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/HWJF5BLB/S0370269306007659.html}
}

@article{abersDiseasesInfiniteComponentField1967,
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  urldate = {2023-05-19},
  abstract = {Examples are presented of local, covariant field theories for which the familiar spin and statistics and PCT theorems do not apply. The field theories employ infinite-dimensional representations of the homogeneous Lorentz group and are formulated in terms of fields satisfying local commutation rules. Since the existing proofs of PCT and spin and statistics assume fields with a finite number of components, our conclusions do not violate these theorems. The existence of solutions with spacelike momenta is discussed.},
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}

@article{acharyaMeasurementAnti3HeNuclei2023,
  title = {Measurement of Anti-{{3He}} Nuclei Absorption in Matter and Impact on Their Propagation in the {{Galaxy}}},
  author = {Acharya, S. and Adamov{\'a}, D. and Adler, A. and Adolfsson, J. and Aglieri Rinella, G. and Agnello, M. and Agrawal, N. and Ahammed, Z. and Ahmad, S. and Ahn, S. U. and Ahuja, I. and Akbar, Z. and Akindinov, A. and {Al-Turany}, M. and Alam, S. N. and Aleksandrov, D. and Alessandro, B. and Alfanda, H. M. and Alfaro Molina, R. and Ali, B. and Ali, Y. and Alici, A. and Alizadehvandchali, N. and Alkin, A. and Alme, J. and Alocco, G. and Alt, T. and Altsybeev, I. and Anaam, M. N. and Andrei, C. and Andreou, D. and Andronic, A. and Anguelov, V. and Antinori, F. and Antonioli, P. and Anuj, C. and Apadula, N. and Aphecetche, L. and Appelsh{\"a}user, H. and Arcelli, S. and Arnaldi, R. and Arsene, I. C. and Arslandok, M. and Augustinus, A. and Averbeck, R. and Aziz, S. and Azmi, M. D. and Badal{\'a}, A. and Baek, Y. W. and Bai, X. and Bailhache, R. and Bailung, Y. and Bala, R. and Balbino, A. and Baldisseri, A. and Balis, B. and Banerjee, D. and Banoo, Z. and Barbera, R. and Barioglio, L. and Barlou, M. and Barnaf{\"o}ldi, G. G. and Barnby, L. S. and Barret, V. and Bartels, C. and Barth, K. and Bartsch, E. and Baruffaldi, F. and Bastid, N. and Basu, S. and Batigne, G. and Battistini, D. and Batyunya, B. and Bauri, D. and Bazo Alba, J. L. and Bearden, I. G. and Beattie, C. and Becht, P. and Belikov, I. and Bell Hechavarria, A. D. C. and Bellini, F. and Bellwied, R. and Belokurova, S. and Belyaev, V. and Bencedi, G. and Beole, S. and Bercuci, A. and Berdnikov, Y. and Berdnikova, A. and Bergmann, L. and Besoiu, M. G. and Betev, L. and Bhaduri, P. P. and Bhasin, A. and Bhat, I. R. and Bhat, M. A. and Bhattacharjee, B. and Bhattacharya, P. and Bianchi, L. and Bianchi, N. and Biel{\v c}ik, J. and Biel{\v c}ikova, J. and Biernat, J. and Bilandzic, A. and Biro, G. and Biswas, S. and Blair, J. T. and Blau, D. and Blidaru, M. B. and Blume, C. and Boca, G. and Bock, F. and Bogdanov, A. and Boi, S. and Bok, J. and Boldizs{\'a}r, L. and Bolozdynya, A. and Bombara, M. and Bond, P. M. and Bonomi, G. and Borel, H. and Borissov, A. and Bossi, H. and Botta, E. and Bratrud, L. and {Braun-Munzinger}, P. and Bregant, M. and Broz, M. and Bruno, G. E. and Buckland, M. D. and Budnikov, D. and Buesching, H. and Bufalino, S. and Bugnon, O. and Buhler, P. and Buthelezi, Z. and Butt, J. B. and Bylinkin, A. and Bysiak, S. A. and Cai, M. and Caines, H. and Caliva, A. and Calvo Villar, E. and Camacho, J.M.M. and Camacho, R. S. and Camerini, P. and Canedo, F.D.M. and Carabas, M. and Carnesecchi, F. and Caron, R. and Castillo Castellanos, J. and Casula, E.A.R. and Catalano, F. and Ceballos Sanchez, C. and Chakaberia, I. and Chakraborty, P. and Chandra, S. and Chapeland, S. and Chartier, M. and Chattopadhyay, S. and Chattopadhyay, S. and Chavez, T. G. and Cheng, T. and Cheshkov, C. and Cheynis, B. and Chibante Barroso, V. and Chinellato, D. D. and Cho, S. and Chochula, P. and Christakoglou, P. and Christensen, C. H. and Christiansen, P. and Chujo, T. and Cicalo, C. and Cifarelli, L. and Cindolo, F. and Ciupek, M. R. and Clai, G. and Cleymans, J. and Colamaria, F. and Colburn, J. S. and Colella, D. and Collu, A. and Colocci, M. and Concas, M. and Conesa Balbastre, G. and {Conesa del Valle}, Z. and Contin, G. and Contreras, J. G. and Coquet, M. L. and Cormier, T. M. and Cortese, P. and Cosentino, M. R. and Costa, F. and Costanza, S. and Crochet, P. and {Cruz-Torres}, R. and Cuautle, E. and Cui, P. and Cunqueiro, L. and Dainese, A. and Danisch, M. C. and Danu, A. and Das, P. and Das, P. and Das, S. and Dash, S. and De Caro, A. and {de Cataldo}, G. and De Cilladi, L. and {de Cuveland}, J. and De Falco, A. and De Gruttola, D. and De Marco, N. and De Mart{\'i}n, C. and De Pasquale, S. and Deb, S. and Degenhardt, H. F. and Deja, K. R. and Del Grande, R. and Dello Stritto, L. and Deng, W. and Dhankher, P. and Di Bari, D. and Di Mauro, A. and Diaz, R. A. and Dietel, T. and Ding, Y. and Divi{\'a}, R. and Dixit, D. U. and Djuvsland, {\O}. and Dmitrieva, U. and Do, J. and Dobrin, A. and D{\"o}nigus, B. and Dubey, A. K. and Dubla, A. and Dudi, S. and Dupieux, P. and Durkac, M. and Dzalaiova, N. and Eder, T. M. and Ehlers, R. J. and Eikeland, V. N. and Eisenhut, F. and Elia, D. and Erazmus, B. and Ercolessi, F. and Erhardt, F. and Erokhin, A. and Ersdal, M. R. and Espagnon, B. and Eulisse, G. and Evans, D. and Evdokimov, S. and Fabbietti, L. and Faggin, M. and Faivre, J. and Fan, F. and Fan, W. and Fantoni, A. and Fasel, M. and Fecchio, P. and Feliciello, A. and Feofilov, G. and Fern{\'a}ndez T{\'e}llez, A. and Ferrero, A. and Ferretti, A. and Feuillard, V.J.G. and Figiel, J. and Filova, V. and Finogeev, D. and Fionda, F. M. and Fiorenza, G. and Flor, F. and Flores, A. N. and Foertsch, S. and Fokin, S. and Fragiacomo, E. and Frajna, E. and Francisco, A. and Fuchs, U. and Funicello, N. and Furget, C. and Furs, A. and Gaardh{\o}je, J. J. and Gagliardi, M. and Gago, A. M. and Gal, A. and Galvan, C. D. and Ganoti, P. and Garabatos, C. and Garcia, J.R.A. and {Garcia-Solis}, E. and Garg, K. and Gargiulo, C. and Garibli, A. and Garner, K. and Gasik, P. and {The ALICE Collaboration}},
  year = {2023},
  month = jan,
  journal = {Nat. Phys.},
  volume = {19},
  number = {1},
  pages = {61--71},
  publisher = {{Nature Publishing Group}},
  issn = {1745-2481},
  doi = {10.1038/s41567-022-01804-8},
  url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/s41567-022-01804-8},
  urldate = {2023-06-11},
  abstract = {In our Galaxy, light antinuclei composed of antiprotons and antineutrons can be produced through high-energy cosmic-ray collisions with the interstellar medium or could also originate from the annihilation of dark-matter particles that have not yet been discovered. On Earth, the only way to produce and study antinuclei with high precision is to create them at high-energy particle accelerators. Although the properties of elementary antiparticles have been studied in detail, the knowledge of the interaction of light antinuclei with matter is limited. We determine the disappearance probability of \$\$\{\}\^\{3\}\textbackslash overline\{\{\{\{\textbackslash rm\{He\}\}\}\}\}\$\$when it encounters matter particles and annihilates or disintegrates within the ALICE detector at the Large Hadron Collider. We extract the inelastic interaction cross section, which is then used as an input to the calculations of the transparency of our Galaxy to the propagation of \$\$\{\}\^\{3\}\textbackslash overline\{\{\{\{\textbackslash rm\{He\}\}\}\}\}\$\$stemming from dark-matter annihilation and cosmic-ray interactions within the interstellar medium. For a specific dark-matter profile, we estimate a transparency of about 50\%, whereas it varies with increasing \$\$\{\}\^\{3\}\textbackslash overline\{\{\{\{\textbackslash rm\{He\}\}\}\}\}\$\$momentum from 25\% to 90\% for cosmic-ray sources. The results indicate that \$\$\{\}\^\{3\}\textbackslash overline\{\{\{\{\textbackslash rm\{He\}\}\}\}\}\$\$nuclei can travel long distances in the Galaxy, and can be used to study cosmic-ray interactions and dark-matter annihilation.},
  copyright = {2022 CERN},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Experimental nuclear physics,Experimental particle physics,Interstellar medium,Particle astrophysics},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/P3HRXV83/Acharya et al. - 2023 - Measurement of anti-3He nuclei absorption in matte.pdf}
}

@article{acharyaMultiplicityDependencePi2020,
  title = {Multiplicity dependence of $\pi $, {K}, and p production in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ {TeV}},
  author = {Acharya, S. and Adamová, D. and Adler, A. and Adolfsson, J. and Aggarwal, M. M. and Aglieri Rinella, G. and Agnello, M. and Agrawal, N. and Ahammed, Z. and Ahmad, S. and Ahn, S. U. and Akindinov, A. and Al-Turany, M. and Alam, S. N. and Albuquerque, D. S. D. and Aleksandrov, D. and Alessandro, B. and Alfanda, H. M. and Alfaro Molina, R. and Ali, B. and Ali, Y. and Alici, A. and Alkin, A. and Alme, J. and Alt, T. and Altenkamper, L. and Altsybeev, I. and Anaam, M. N. and Andrei, C. and Andreou, D. and Andrews, H. A. and Andronic, A. and Angeletti, M. and Anguelov, V. and Anson, C. and Antičić, T. and Antinori, F. and Antonioli, P. and Apadula, N. and Aphecetche, L. and Appelshäuser, H. and Arcelli, S. and Arnaldi, R. and Arratia, M. and Arsene, I. C. and Arslandok, M. and Augustinus, A. and Averbeck, R. and Aziz, S. and Azmi, M. D. and Badalà, A. and Baek, Y. W. and Bagnasco, S. and Bai, X. and Bailhache, R. and Bala, R. and Balbino, A. and Baldisseri, A. and Ball, M. and Balouza, S. and Banerjee, D. and Barbera, R. and Barioglio, L. and Barnaföldi, G. G. and Barnby, L. S. and Barret, V. and Bartalini, P. and Barth, K. and Bartsch, E. and Baruffaldi, F. and Bastid, N. and Basu, S. and Batigne, G. and Batyunya, B. and Bauri, D. and Alba, J. L. Bazo and Bearden, I. G. and Beattie, C. and Bedda, C. and Behera, N. K. and Belikov, I. and Bell Hechavarria, A. D. C. and Bellini, F. and Bellwied, R. and Belyaev, V. and Bencedi, G. and Beole, S. and Bercuci, A. and Berdnikov, Y. and Berenyi, D. and Bertens, R. A. and Berzano, D. and Besoiu, M. G. and Betev, L. and Bhasin, A. and Bhat, I. R. and Bhat, M. A. and Bhatt, H. and Bhattacharjee, B. and Bianchi, A. and Bianchi, L. and Bianchi, N. and Bielčík, J. and Bielčíková, J. and Bilandzic, A. and Biro, G. and Biswas, R. and Biswas, S. and Blair, J. T. and Blau, D. and Blume, C. and Boca, G. and Bock, F. and Bogdanov, A. and Boi, S. and Boldizsár, L. and Bolozdynya, A. and Bombara, M. and Bonomi, G. and Borel, H. and Borissov, A. and Bossi, H. and Botta, E. and Bratrud, L. and Braun-Munzinger, P. and Bregant, M. and Broz, M. and Bruna, E. and Bruno, G. E. and Buckland, M. D. and Budnikov, D. and Buesching, H. and Bufalino, S. and Bugnon, O. and Buhler, P. and Buncic, P. and Buthelezi, Z. and Butt, J. B. and Buxton, J. T. and Bysiak, S. A. and Caffarri, D. and Caliva, A. and Calvo Villar, E. and Camacho, R. S. and Camerini, P. and Capon, A. A. and Carnesecchi, F. and Caron, R. and Castillo Castellanos, J. and Castro, A. J. and Casula, E. A. R. and Catalano, F. and Ceballos Sanchez, C. and Chakraborty, P. and Chandra, S. and Chang, W. and Chapeland, S. and Chartier, M. and Chattopadhyay, S. and Chattopadhyay, S. and Chauvin, A. and Cheshkov, C. and Cheynis, B. and Chibante Barroso, V. and Chinellato, D. D. and Cho, S. and Chochula, P. and Chowdhury, T. and Christakoglou, P. and Christensen, C. H. and Christiansen, P. and Chujo, T. and Cicalo, C. and Cifarelli, L. and Cindolo, F. and Clai, G. and Cleymans, J. and Colamaria, F. and Colella, D. and Collu, A. and Colocci, M. and Concas, M. and Conesa Balbastre, G. and Conesa del Valle, Z. and Contin, G. and Contreras, J. G. and Cormier, T. M. and Corrales Morales, Y. and Cortese, P. and Cosentino, M. R. and Costa, F. and Costanza, S. and Crochet, P. and Cuautle, E. and Cui, P. and Cunqueiro, L. and Dabrowski, D. and Dahms, T. and Dainese, A. and Damas, F. P. A. and Danisch, M. C. and Danu, A. and Das, D. and Das, I. and Das, P. and Das, P. and Das, S. and Dash, A. and Dash, S. and De, S. and De Caro, A. and de Cataldo, G. and de Cuveland, J. and De Falco, A. and De Gruttola, D. and De Marco, N. and De Pasquale, S. and Deb, S. and Degenhardt, H. F. and Deja, K. R. and Deloff, A. and Delsanto, S. and Deng, W. and Devetak, D. and Dhankher, P. and Di Bari, D. and Di Mauro, A. and Diaz, R. A. and Dietel, T. and Dillenseger, P. and Ding, Y. and Divià, R. and Dixit, D. U. and Djuvsland, Ø. and Dmitrieva, U. and Dobrin, A. and Dönigus, B. and Dordic, O. and Dubey, A. K. and Dubla, A. and Dudi, S. and Dukhishyam, M. and Dupieux, P. and Ehlers, R. J. and Eikeland, V. N. and Elia, D. and Epple, E. and Erazmus, B. and Erhardt, F. and Erokhin, A. and Ersdal, M. R. and Espagnon, B. and Eulisse, G. and Evans, D. and Evdokimov, S. and Fabbietti, L. and Faggin, M. and Faivre, J. and Fan, F. and Fantoni, A. and Fasel, M. and Fecchio, P. and Feliciello, A. and Feofilov, G. and Fernández Téllez, A. and Ferrero, A. and Ferretti, A. and Festanti, A. and Feuillard, V. J. G. and Figiel, J. and Filchagin, S. and Finogeev, D. and Fionda, F. M. and Fiorenza, G. and Flor, F. and Foertsch, S. and Foka, P. and Fokin, S. and Fragiacomo, E. and Frankenfeld, U. and Fuchs, U. and Furget, C. and Furs, A. and Fusco Girard, M. and Gaardhøje, J. J. and Gagliardi, M. and Gago, A. M. and Gal, A. and Galvan, C. D. and Ganoti, P. and Garabatos, C. and Garcia-Solis, E. and Garg, K. and Gargiulo, C. and Garibli, A. and Garner, K. and Gasik, P. and Gauger, E. F. and Gay Ducati, M. B. and Germain, M.},
  year = {2020},
  month = aug,
  journal = {Eur. Phys. J. C},
  volume = {80},
  number = {8},
  pages = {693},
  issn = {1434-6052},
  doi = {10.1140/epjc/s10052-020-8125-1},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-020-8125-1},
  urldate = {2022-07-08},
  abstract = {This paper presents the measurements of $$\pi ^{\pm }$$, $$\mathrm {K}^{\pm }$$, $$\text {p}$$ and $$\overline{\mathrm{p}} $$ transverse momentum ($$p_{\text {T}}$$) spectra as a function of charged-particle multiplicity density in proton–proton (pp) collisions at $$\sqrt{s}\ =\ 13\ \text {TeV}$$ with the ALICE detector at the LHC. Such study allows us to isolate the center-of-mass energy dependence of light-flavour particle production. The measurements reported here cover a $$p_{\text {T}}$$ range from 0.1 to 20 $$\text {GeV}/c$$ and are done in the rapidity interval $$|y|<0.5$$. The $$p_{\text {T}}$$-differential particle ratios exhibit an evolution with multiplicity, similar to that observed in pp collisions at $$\sqrt{s}\ =\ 7\ \text {TeV}$$, which is qualitatively described by some of the hydrodynamical and pQCD-inspired models discussed in this paper. Furthermore, the $$p_{\text {T}}$$-integrated hadron-to-pion yield ratios measured in pp collisions at two different center-of-mass energies are consistent when compared at similar multiplicities. This also extends to strange and multi-strange hadrons, suggesting that, at LHC energies, particle hadrochemistry scales with particle multiplicity the same way under different collision energies and colliding systems.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/63GMZQ4A/Acharya et al. - 2020 - Multiplicity dependence of $$pi $$, K, and p prod.pdf}
}

@article{adamCentralityDependencePsi2016,
  title = {Centrality dependence of $\psi {(2S)}$ suppression in p-{Pb} collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}=5.02$ {TeV}},
  author = {Adam, J. and Adamová, D. and Aggarwal, M. M. and Aglieri Rinella, G. and Agnello, M. and Agrawal, N. and Ahammed, Z. and Ahmad, S. and Ahn, S. U. and Aiola, S. and Akindinov, A. and Alam, S. N. and Albuquerque, D. S. D. and Aleksandrov, D. and Alessandro, B. and Alexandre, D. and Alfaro Molina, R. and Alici, A. and Alkin, A. and Almaraz, J. R. M. and Alme, J. and Alt, T. and Altinpinar, S. and Altsybeev, I. and Alves Garcia Prado, C. and Andrei, C. and Andronic, A. and Anguelov, V. and Antičić, T. and Antinori, F. and Antonioli, P. and Aphecetche, L. and Appelshäuser, H. and Arcelli, S. and Arnaldi, R. and Arnold, O. W. and Arsene, I. C. and Arslandok, M. and Audurier, B. and Augustinus, A. and Averbeck, R. and Azmi, M. D. and Badalà, A. and Baek, Y. W. and Bagnasco, S. and Bailhache, R. and Bala, R. and Balasubramanian, S. and Baldisseri, A. and Baral, R. C. and Barbano, A. M. and Barbera, R. and Barile, F. and Barnaföldi, G. G. and Barnby, L. S. and Barret, V. and Bartalini, P. and Barth, K. and Bartke, J. and Bartsch, E. and Basile, M. and Bastid, N. and Basu, S. and Bathen, B. and Batigne, G. and Batista Camejo, A. and Batyunya, B. and Batzing, P. C. and Bearden, I. G. and Beck, H. and Bedda, C. and Behera, N. K. and Belikov, I. and Bellini, F. and Bello Martinez, H. and Bellwied, R. and Belmont, R. and Belmont-Moreno, E. and Belyaev, V. and Bencedi, G. and Beole, S. and Berceanu, I. and Bercuci, A. and Berdnikov, Y. and Berenyi, D. and Bertens, R. A. and Berzano, D. and Betev, L. and Bhasin, A. and Bhat, I. R. and Bhati, A. K. and Bhattacharjee, B. and Bhom, J. and Bianchi, L. and Bianchi, N. and Bianchin, C. and Bielčík, J. and Bielčíková, J. and Bilandzic, A. and Biro, G. and Biswas, R. and Biswas, S. and Bjelogrlic, S. and Blair, J. T. and Blau, D. and Blume, C. and Bock, F. and Bogdanov, A. and Bøggild, H. and Boldizsár, L. and Bombara, M. and Book, J. and Borel, H. and Borissov, A. and Borri, M. and Bossú, F. and Botta, E. and Bourjau, C. and Braun-Munzinger, P. and Bregant, M. and Breitner, T. and Broker, T. A. and Browning, T. A. and Broz, M. and Brucken, E. J. and Bruna, E. and Bruno, G. E. and Budnikov, D. and Buesching, H. and Bufalino, S. and Buncic, P. and Busch, O. and Buthelezi, Z. and Butt, J. B. and Buxton, J. T. and Cabala, J. and Caffarri, D. and Cai, X. and Caines, H. and Calero Diaz, L. and Caliva, A. and Calvo Villar, E. and Camerini, P. and Carena, F. and Carena, W. and Carnesecchi, F. and Castillo Castellanos, J. and Castro, A. J. and Casula, E. A. R. and Ceballos Sanchez, C. and Cepila, J. and Cerello, P. and Cerkala, J. and Chang, B. and Chapeland, S. and Chartier, M. and Charvet, J. L. and Chattopadhyay, S. and Chattopadhyay, S. and Chauvin, A. and Chelnokov, V. and Cherney, M. and Cheshkov, C. and Cheynis, B. and Chibante Barroso, V. and Chinellato, D. D. and Cho, S. and Chochula, P. and Choi, K. and Chojnacki, M. and Choudhury, S. and Christakoglou, P. and Christensen, C. H. and Christiansen, P. and Chujo, T. and Chung, S. U. and Cicalo, C. and Cifarelli, L. and Cindolo, F. and Cleymans, J. and Colamaria, F. and Colella, D. and Collu, A. and Colocci, M. and Conesa Balbastre, G. and Conesa del Valle, Z. and Connors, M. E. and Contreras, J. G. and Cormier, T. M. and Corrales Morales, Y. and Cortés Maldonado, I. and Cortese, P. and Cosentino, M. R. and Costa, F. and Crochet, P. and Cruz Albino, R. and Cuautle, E. and Cunqueiro, L. and Dahms, T. and Dainese, A. and Danisch, M. C. and Danu, A. and Das, D. and Das, I. and Das, S. and Dash, A. and Dash, S. and De, S. and De Caro, A. and de Cataldo, G. and de Conti, C. and de Cuveland, J. and De Falco, A. and De Gruttola, D. and De Marco, N. and De Pasquale, S. and Deisting, A. and Deloff, A. and Dénes, E. and Deplano, C. and Dhankher, P. and Di Bari, D. and Di Mauro, A. and Di Nezza, P. and Diaz Corchero, M. A. and Dietel, T. and Dillenseger, P. and Divià, R. and Djuvsland, Ø. and Dobrin, A. and Domenicis Gimenez, D. and Dönigus, B. and Dordic, O. and Drozhzhova, T. and Dubey, A. K. and Dubla, A. and Ducroux, L. and Dupieux, P. and Ehlers, R. J. and Elia, D. and Endress, E. and Engel, H. and Epple, E. and Erazmus, B. and Erdemir, I. and Erhardt, F. and Espagnon, B. and Estienne, M. and Esumi, S. and Eum, J. and Evans, D. and Evdokimov, S. and Eyyubova, G. and Fabbietti, L. and Fabris, D. and Faivre, J. and Fantoni, A. and Fasel, M. and Feldkamp, L. and Feliciello, A. and Feofilov, G. and Ferencei, J. and Fernández Téllez, A. and Ferreiro, E. G. and Ferretti, A. and Festanti, A. and Feuillard, V. J. G. and Figiel, J. and Figueredo, M. A. S. and Filchagin, S. and Finogeev, D. and Fionda, F. M. and Fiore, E. M. and Fleck, M. G. and Floris, M. and Foertsch, S. and Foka, P. and Fokin, S. and Fragiacomo, E. and Francescon, A. and Frankenfeld, U. and Fronze, G. G. and Fuchs, U. and Furget, C. and Furs, A. and Fusco Girard, M. and Gaardhøje, J. J. and Gagliardi, M. and Gago, A. M. and Gallio, M. and Gangadharan, D. R. and Ganoti, P. and Gao, C. and Garabatos, C. and Garcia-Solis, E. and Gargiulo, C. and Gasik, P. and Gauger, E. F. and Germain, M. and {The ALICE collaboration}},
  year = {2016},
  month = jun,
  journal = {J. High Energ. Phys.},
  volume = {2016},
  number = {6},
  pages = {50},
  issn = {1029-8479},
  doi = {10.1007/JHEP06(2016)050},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP06(2016)050},
  urldate = {2023-03-02},
  abstract = {The inclusive production of the ψ(2S) charmonium state was studied as a function of centrality in p-Pb collisions at the nucleon-nucleon center of mass energy $$ {\sqrt{s}}_{\mathrm{NN}}=5.02 $$TeV at the CERN LHC. The measurement was performed with the ALICE detector in the center of mass rapidity ranges −4.46 < ycms < −2.96 and 2.03 < ycms < 3.53, down to zero transverse momentum, by reconstructing the ψ(2S) decay to a muon pair. The ψ(2S) production cross section σψ(2S) is presented as a function of the collision centrality, which is estimated through the energy deposited in forward rapidity calorimeters. The relative strength of nuclear effects on the ψ(2S) and on the corresponding 1S charmonium state J/ψ is then studied by means of the double ratio of cross sections [σψ(2S)/σJ/ψ]pPb/[σψ(2S)/σJ/ψ]pp between p-Pb and pp collisions, and by the values of the nuclear modification factors for the two charmonium states. The results show a large suppression of ψ(2S) production relative to the J/ψ at backward (negative) rapidity, corresponding to the flight direction of the Pb-nucleus, while at forward (positive) rapidity the suppressions of the two states are comparable. Finally, comparisons to results from lower energy experiments and to available theoretical models are presented.},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Heavy Ion Experiments,Quark Gluon Plasma},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/55P5R9JZ/Adam et al. - 2016 - Centrality dependence of ψ(2S) suppression in p-Pb.pdf}
}

@article{adamInsightParticleProduction2017,
  title = {Insight into particle production mechanisms via angular correlations of identified particles in pp collisions at $$\sqrt{\mathrm{s}}=7$$ TeV},
  author = {Adam, J. and Adamová, D. and Aggarwal, M. M. and Aglieri Rinella, G. and Agnello, M. and Agrawal, N. and Ahammed, Z. and Ahmad, S. and Ahn, S. U. and Aiola, S. and Akindinov, A. and Alam, S. N. and Albuquerque, D. S. D. and Aleksandrov, D. and Alessandro, B. and Alexandre, D. and Alfaro Molina, R. and Alici, A. and Alkin, A. and Alme, J. and Alt, T. and Altinpinar, S. and Altsybeev, I. and Alves Garcia Prado, C. and An, M. and Andrei, C. and Andrews, H. A. and Andronic, A. and Anguelov, V. and Anson, C. and Antičić, T. and Antinori, F. and Antonioli, P. and Anwar, R. and Aphecetche, L. and Appelshäuser, H. and Arcelli, S. and Arnaldi, R. and Arnold, O. W. and Arsene, I. C. and Arslandok, M. and Audurier, B. and Augustinus, A. and Averbeck, R. and Azmi, M. D. and Badalà, A. and Baek, Y. W. and Bagnasco, S. and Bailhache, R. and Bala, R. and Baldisseri, A. and Baral, R. C. and Barbano, A. M. and Barbera, R. and Barile, F. and Barioglio, L. and Barnaföldi, G. G. and Barnby, L. S. and Barret, V. and Bartalini, P. and Barth, K. and Bartke, J. and Bartsch, E. and Basile, M. and Bastid, N. and Basu, S. and Bathen, B. and Batigne, G. and Batista Camejo, A. and Batyunya, B. and Batzing, P. C. and Bearden, I. G. and Beck, H. and Bedda, C. and Behera, N. K. and Belikov, I. and Bellini, F. and Bello Martinez, H. and Bellwied, R. and Beltran, L. G. E. and Belyaev, V. and Bencedi, G. and Beole, S. and Bercuci, A. and Berdnikov, Y. and Berenyi, D. and Bertens, R. A. and Berzano, D. and Betev, L. and Bhasin, A. and Bhat, I. R. and Bhati, A. K. and Bhattacharjee, B. and Bhom, J. and Bianchi, L. and Bianchi, N. and Bianchin, C. and Bielčík, J. and Bielčíková, J. and Bilandzic, A. and Biro, G. and Biswas, R. and Biswas, S. and Blair, J. T. and Blau, D. and Blume, C. and Bock, F. and Bogdanov, A. and Boldizsár, L. and Bombara, M. and Bonora, M. and Book, J. and Borel, H. and Borissov, A. and Borri, M. and Botta, E. and Bourjau, C. and Braun-Munzinger, P. and Bregant, M. and Broker, T. A. and Browning, T. A. and Broz, M. and Brucken, E. J. and Bruna, E. and Bruno, G. E. and Budnikov, D. and Buesching, H. and Bufalino, S. and Buhler, P. and Buitron, S. A. I. and Buncic, P. and Busch, O. and Buthelezi, Z. and Butt, J. B. and Buxton, J. T. and Cabala, J. and Caffarri, D. and Caines, H. and Caliva, A. and Calvo Villar, E. and Camerini, P. and Capon, A. A. and Carena, F. and Carena, W. and Carnesecchi, F. and Castillo Castellanos, J. and Castro, A. J. and Casula, E. A. R. and Ceballos Sanchez, C. and Cerello, P. and Cerkala, J. and Chang, B. and Chapeland, S. and Chartier, M. and Charvet, J. L. and Chattopadhyay, S. and Chattopadhyay, S. and Chauvin, A. and Cherney, M. and Cheshkov, C. and Cheynis, B. and Chibante Barroso, V. and Chinellato, D. D. and Cho, S. and Chochula, P. and Choi, K. and Chojnacki, M. and Choudhury, S. and Christakoglou, P. and Christensen, C. H. and Christiansen, P. and Chujo, T. and Chung, S. U. and Cicalo, C. and Cifarelli, L. and Cindolo, F. and Cleymans, J. and Colamaria, F. and Colella, D. and Collu, A. and Colocci, M. and Conesa Balbastre, G. and del Valle, Z. Conesa and Connors, M. E. and Contreras, J. G. and Cormier, T. M. and Corrales Morales, Y. and Cortés Maldonado, I. and Cortese, P. and Cosentino, M. R. and Costa, F. and Crkovská, J. and Crochet, P. and Cruz Albino, R. and Cuautle, E. and Cunqueiro, L. and Dahms, T. and Dainese, A. and Danisch, M. C. and Danu, A. and Das, D. and Das, I. and Das, S. and Dash, A. and Dash, S. and De, S. and De Caro, A. and de Cataldo, G. and de Conti, C. and de Cuveland, J. and De Falco, A. and De Gruttola, D. and De Marco, N. and De Pasquale, S. and De Souza, R. D. and Degenhardt, H. F. and Deisting, A. and Deloff, A. and Deplano, C. and Dhankher, P. and Di Bari, D. and Di Mauro, A. and Di Nezza, P. and Di Ruzza, B. and Corchero, M. A. Diaz and Dietel, T. and Dillenseger, P. and Divià, R. and Djuvsland, Ø. and Dobrin, A. and Domenicis Gimenez, D. and Dönigus, B. and Dordic, O. and Drozhzhova, T. and Dubey, A. K. and Dubla, A. and Ducroux, L. and Duggal, A. K. and Dupieux, P. and Ehlers, R. J. and Elia, D. and Endress, E. and Engel, H. and Epple, E. and Erazmus, B. and Erhardt, F. and Espagnon, B. and Esumi, S. and Eulisse, G. and Eum, J. and Evans, D. and Evdokimov, S. and Fabbietti, L. and Fabris, D. and Faivre, J. and Fantoni, A. and Fasel, M. and Feldkamp, L. and Feliciello, A. and Feofilov, G. and Ferencei, J. and Fernández Téllez, A. and Ferreiro, E. G. and Ferretti, A. and Festanti, A. and Feuillard, V. J. G. and Figiel, J. and Figueredo, M. A. S. and Filchagin, S. and Finogeev, D. and Fionda, F. M. and Fiore, E. M. and Floris, M. and Foertsch, S. and Foka, P. and Fokin, S. and Fragiacomo, E. and Francescon, A. and Francisco, A. and Frankenfeld, U. and Fronze, G. G. and Fuchs, U. and Furget, C. and Furs, A. and Girard, M. Fusco and Gaardhøje, J. J. and Gagliardi, M. and Gago, A. M. and Gajdosova, K. and Gallio, M. and Galvan, C. D. and Gangadharan, D. R. and Ganoti, P. and Gao, C. and Garabatos, C. and Garcia-Solis, E. and Garg, K. and Garg, P. and Gargiulo, C. and Gasik, P.},
  year = {2017},
  month = aug,
  journal = {Eur. Phys. J. C},
  volume = {77},
  number = {8},
  pages = {569},
  issn = {1434-6052},
  doi = {10.1140/epjc/s10052-017-5129-6},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-017-5129-6},
  urldate = {2022-07-08},
  abstract = {Two-particle angular correlations were measured in pp collisions at $$\sqrt{s} = 7$$ TeV for pions, kaons, protons, and lambdas, for all particle/anti-particle combinations in the pair. Data for mesons exhibit an expected peak dominated by effects associated with mini-jets and are well reproduced by general purpose Monte Carlo generators. However, for baryon–baryon and anti-baryon–anti-baryon pairs, where both particles have the same baryon number, a near-side anti-correlation structure is observed instead of a peak. This effect is interpreted in the context of baryon production mechanisms in the fragmentation process. It currently presents a challenge to Monte Carlo models and its origin remains an open question.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/47IPYYIT/Adam et al. - 2017 - Insight into particle production mechanisms via an.pdf}
}

@article{adamProduction89202016,
  title = {Production of K$$^{*}$$(892)$$^{0}$$and $$\phi $$(1020) in p–Pb collisions at $$\sqrt{s_{{\text {NN}}}}$$= 5.02 TeV},
  author = {Adam, J. and Adamová, D. and Aggarwal, M. M. and Aglieri Rinella, G. and Agnello, M. and Agrawal, N. and Ahammed, Z. and Ahmad, S. and Ahn, S. U. and Aiola, S. and Akindinov, A. and Alam, S. N. and Aleksandrov, D. and Alessandro, B. and Alexandre, D. and Alfaro Molina, R. and Alici, A. and Alkin, A. and Almaraz, J. R. M. and Alme, J. and Alt, T. and Altinpinar, S. and Altsybeev, I. and Alves Garcia Prado, C. and Andrei, C. and Andronic, A. and Anguelov, V. and Antičić, T. and Antinori, F. and Antonioli, P. and Aphecetche, L. and Appelshäuser, H. and Arcelli, S. and Arnaldi, R. and Arnold, O. W. and Arsene, I. C. and Arslandok, M. and Audurier, B. and Augustinus, A. and Averbeck, R. and Azmi, M. D. and Badalà, A. and Baek, Y. W. and Bagnasco, S. and Bailhache, R. and Bala, R. and Balasubramanian, S. and Baldisseri, A. and Baral, R. C. and Barbano, A. M. and Barbera, R. and Barile, F. and Barnaföldi, G. G. and Barnby, L. S. and Barret, V. and Bartalini, P. and Barth, K. and Bartke, J. and Bartsch, E. and Basile, M. and Bastid, N. and Basu, S. and Bathen, B. and Batigne, G. and Batista Camejo, A. and Batyunya, B. and Batzing, P. C. and Bearden, I. G. and Beck, H. and Bedda, C. and Behera, N. K. and Belikov, I. and Bellini, F. and Bello Martinez, H. and Bellwied, R. and Belmont, R. and Belmont-Moreno, E. and Belyaev, V. and Benacek, P. and Bencedi, G. and Beole, S. and Berceanu, I. and Bercuci, A. and Berdnikov, Y. and Berenyi, D. and Bertens, R. A. and Berzano, D. and Betev, L. and Bhasin, A. and Bhat, I. R. and Bhati, A. K. and Bhattacharjee, B. and Bhom, J. and Bianchi, L. and Bianchi, N. and Bianchin, C. and Bielčík, J. and Bielčíková, J. and Bilandzic, A. and Biro, G. and Biswas, R. and Biswas, S. and Bjelogrlic, S. and Blair, J. T. and Blau, D. and Blume, C. and Bock, F. and Bogdanov, A. and Bøggild, H. and Boldizsár, L. and Bombara, M. and Book, J. and Borel, H. and Borissov, A. and Borri, M. and Bossú, F. and Botta, E. and Bourjau, C. and Braun-Munzinger, P. and Bregant, M. and Breitner, T. and Broker, T. A. and Browning, T. A. and Broz, M. and Brucken, E. J. and Bruna, E. and Bruno, G. E. and Budnikov, D. and Buesching, H. and Bufalino, S. and Buncic, P. and Busch, O. and Buthelezi, Z. and Butt, J. B. and Buxton, J. T. and Caffarri, D. and Cai, X. and Caines, H. and Calero Diaz, L. and Caliva, A. and Calvo Villar, E. and Camerini, P. and Carena, F. and Carena, W. and Carnesecchi, F. and Castillo Castellanos, J. and Castro, A. J. and Casula, E. A. R. and Ceballos Sanchez, C. and Cerello, P. and Cerkala, J. and Chang, B. and Chapeland, S. and Chartier, M. and Charvet, J. L. and Chattopadhyay, S. and Chattopadhyay, S. and Chauvin, A. and Chelnokov, V. and Cherney, M. and Cheshkov, C. and Cheynis, B. and Chibante Barroso, V. and Chinellato, D. D. and Cho, S. and Chochula, P. and Choi, K. and Chojnacki, M. and Choudhury, S. and Christakoglou, P. and Christensen, C. H. and Christiansen, P. and Chujo, T. and Chung, S. U. and Cicalo, C. and Cifarelli, L. and Cindolo, F. and Cleymans, J. and Colamaria, F. and Colella, D. and Collu, A. and Colocci, M. and Conesa Balbastre, G. and Conesa del Valle, Z. and Connors, M. E. and Contreras, J. G. and Cormier, T. M. and Corrales Morales, Y. and Cortés Maldonado, I. and Cortese, P. and Cosentino, M. R. and Costa, F. and Crochet, P. and Cruz Albino, R. and Cuautle, E. and Cunqueiro, L. and Dahms, T. and Dainese, A. and Danisch, M. C. and Danu, A. and Das, D. and Das, I. and Das, S. and Dash, A. and Dash, S. and De, S. and De Caro, A. and de Cataldo, G. and de Conti, C. and de Cuveland, J. and De Falco, A. and De Gruttola, D. and De Marco, N. and De Pasquale, S. and Deisting, A. and Deloff, A. and Dénes, E. and Deplano, C. and Dhankher, P. and Di Bari, D. and Di Mauro, A. and Di Nezza, P. and Diaz Corchero, M. A. and Dietel, T. and Dillenseger, P. and Divià, R. and Djuvsland, Ø. and Dobrin, A. and Domenicis Gimenez, D. and Dönigus, B. and Dordic, O. and Drozhzhova, T. and Dubey, A. K. and Dubla, A. and Ducroux, L. and Dupieux, P. and Ehlers, R. J. and Elia, D. and Endress, E. and Engel, H. and Epple, E. and Erazmus, B. and Erdemir, I. and Erhardt, F. and Espagnon, B. and Estienne, M. and Esumi, S. and Eum, J. and Evans, D. and Evdokimov, S. and Eyyubova, G. and Fabbietti, L. and Fabris, D. and Faivre, J. and Fantoni, A. and Fasel, M. and Feldkamp, L. and Feliciello, A. and Feofilov, G. and Ferencei, J. and Fernández Téllez, A. and Ferreiro, E. G. and Ferretti, A. and Festanti, A. and Feuillard, V. J. G. and Figiel, J. and Figueredo, M. A. S. and Filchagin, S. and Finogeev, D. and Fionda, F. M. and Fiore, E. M. and Fleck, M. G. and Floris, M. and Foertsch, S. and Foka, P. and Fokin, S. and Fragiacomo, E. and Francescon, A. and Frankenfeld, U. and Fronze, G. G. and Fuchs, U. and Furget, C. and Furs, A. and Fusco Girard, M. and Gaardhøje, J. J. and Gagliardi, M. and Gago, A. M. and Gallio, M. and Gangadharan, D. R. and Ganoti, P. and Gao, C. and Garabatos, C. and Garcia-Solis, E. and Gargiulo, C. and Gasik, P. and Gauger, E. F. and Germain, M. and Gheata, A. and Gheata, M. and Ghosh, P.},
  year = {2016},
  month = apr,
  journal = {Eur. Phys. J. C},
  volume = {76},
  number = {5},
  pages = {245},
  issn = {1434-6052},
  doi = {10.1140/epjc/s10052-016-4088-7},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-016-4088-7},
  urldate = {2021-04-28},
  abstract = {The production of K$$^{*}$$(892)$$^{0}$$and $$\phi $$(1020) mesons has been measured in p–Pb collisions at $$\sqrt{s_{{\text {NN}}}}$$$$=$$5.02 TeV. K$$^{*0}$$and $$\phi $$are reconstructed via their decay into charged hadrons with the ALICE detector in the rapidity range $$-0.5 <y <0$$. The transverse momentum spectra, measured as a function of the multiplicity, have a p$$_{\mathrm {T}}$$range from 0 to 15 GeV/c for K$$^{*0}$$and from 0.3 to 21 GeV/c for $$\phi $$. Integrated yields, mean transverse momenta and particle ratios are reported and compared with results in pp collisions at $$\sqrt{s}$$$$=$$7 TeV and Pb–Pb collisions at $$\sqrt{s_{{\text {NN}}}}$$$$=$$2.76 TeV. In Pb–Pb and p–Pb collisions, K$$^{*0}$$and $$\phi $$probe the hadronic phase of the system and contribute to the study of particle formation mechanisms by comparison with other identified hadrons. For this purpose, the mean transverse momenta and the differential proton-to-$$\phi $$ ratio are discussed as a function of the multiplicity of the event. The short-lived K$$^{*0}$$is measured to investigate re-scattering effects, believed to be related to the size of the system and to the lifetime of the hadronic phase.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/KUC9SXPM/Adam et al. - 2016 - Production of K$$^ $$(892)$$^ 0 $$and $$phi $$(.pdf}
}

@article{adolfssonQCDChallengesPp2020,
  title = {{{QCD}} Challenges from Pp to {{A}}\textendash{{A}} Collisions},
  author = {Adolfsson, J. and Andronic, A. and Bierlich, C. and Bozek, P. and Chakraborty, S. and Christiansen, P. and Chinellato, D. D. and Fries, R. J. and Gustafson, G. and {van Hees}, H. and Jacobs, P. M. and Kim, D. J. and L{\"o}nnblad, L. and Mace, M. and Matonoha, O. and Mazeliauskas, A. and Morsch, A. and Nassirpour, A. and Ohlson, A. and Ortiz, A. and Oskarsson, A. and Otterlund, I. and Pai{\'c}, G. and Perepelitsa, D. V. and Plumberg, C. and Preghenella, R. and Rapp, R. and Rasmussen, C. O. and Rossi, A. and Rueda, O. V. and Silva, A. V. D. and Silvermyr, D. and Timmins, A. and Sj{\"o}strand, T. and T{\"o}rnkvist, R. and Utheim, M. and Vislavicius, V. and Wiedemann, U. A. and Zapp, K. and Zhao, W.},
  year = {2020},
  month = nov,
  journal = {Eur. Phys. J. A},
  volume = {56},
  number = {11},
  pages = {288},
  issn = {1434-601X},
  doi = {10.1140/epja/s10050-020-00270-1},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1140/epja/s10050-020-00270-1},
  urldate = {2023-06-22},
  abstract = {This paper is a write-up of the ideas that were presented, developed and discussed at the third International Workshop on QCD Challenges from pp to A\textendash A, which took place in August 2019 in Lund, Sweden (Workshop link: https://indico.lucas.lu.se/event/1214/). The goal of the workshop was to focus on some of the open questions in the field and try to come up with concrete suggestions for how to make progress on both the experimental and theoretical sides. The paper gives a brief introduction to each topic and then summarizes the primary results.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/UANGLGFS/Adolfsson et al. - 2020 - QCD challenges from pp to A–A collisions.pdf}
}

@article{adolfssonStudyingParticleProduction2020,
  title = {Studying Particle Production in Small Systems through Correlation Measurements in {{ALICE}}},
  author = {Adolfsson, Jonatan},
  year = {2020},
  month = may,
  journal = {arXiv:2005.14675 [hep-ex]},
  eprint = {2005.14675},
  primaryclass = {hep-ex},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/2005.14675},
  urldate = {2021-08-06},
  abstract = {In these proceedings, measurements of angular correlations between hadron pairs in pp collisions obtained by the ALICE experiment at the LHC are presented and compared with phenomenological predictions. Correlations between particles carrying the same and opposite quantum numbers are studied to understand the hadron production mechanism, and the difference between same-sign and opposite-sign correlations is used to probe charge-dependent effects in particle production. Correlation measurements dominated by minijet fragmentation agree well with the models, but other results, in particular correlations between baryons and strange hadrons, are not yet understood.},
  archiveprefix = {arxiv},
  keywords = {High Energy Physics - Experiment},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/AX9PQPBX/Adolfsson - 2020 - Studying particle production in small systems thro.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/NVFUN3FF/2005.html}
}

@phdthesis{adolfssonStudyXiHadron2020,
  title = {Study of $\Xi$-Hadron Correlations in pp Collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV Using the ALICE Detector},
  author = {Adolfsson, Jonatan},
  year = {2020},
  address = {Lund, Sweden},
  url = {http://cds.cern.ch/record/2750097},
  abstract = {By colliding heavy nuclei at high energies, which is done at RHIC and the LHC, a strongly interacting Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP) is created. This manifests itself through several different signatures, which until recently was thought to uniquely probe the QGP. Recently, however, similar signatures have been observed also in small systems, such as pp collisions with high charged-particle multiplicity, which is quite puzzling since a QGP is not expected to be formed in such dilute systems with short lifetimes. One such observable is the enhanced relative yields of multistrange baryons, such as the $\Xi$ baryon, which has been observed in e.g. Pb-Pb collisions. More recently, this yield enhancement has been observed to scale smoothly with multiplicity also in pp collisions. The main analysis presented in this thesis aims at understanding the production mechanism of strange quarks in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13\,\mathrm{TeV}$, and in this way reach an explanation of the origin of the strangeness enhancement observed there. This is done by studying angular $\Xi-h$ correlations, where $h$ is either of $\pi$, K, p, $\Lambda$, or $\Xi$ hadrons, by using data from the ALICE detector. The results are compared with four phenomenological models; three flavours of the QCD inspired PYTHIA8 which is based on colour strings, and the core-corona model EPOS LHC. The PYTHIA tunes are the Monash tune, the Junction Mode 0 tune, which has an additional mechanism for baryon formation, and a yet unofficial tune including rope hadronisation, which is a proposed mechanism for the observed strangeness enhancement. In EPOS, the enhanced strangeness is modelled by an increasing fraction of a core that behaves like a medium. The results show that the $\Xi-\pi$ correlation function is dominated by a narrow near-side peak. This is not present in any of the other correlations, which on the other hand have a wide extension in rapidity. This means that pions decouple later in the evolution from the $\Xi$ baryon compared to the other species, likely within the jet, which was concluded to be due to charge balance, whereas the other correlations are attributed to strangeness and baryon decoupling. In all PYTHIA flavours, strong correlations within the jet are present for all combinations except $\Xi-\rm p$ correlations, meaning that strangeness and baryon number are produced earlier in the evolution in data than in PYTHIA. The junction model however gave a description of the $\Xi-$baryon correlation that was closer to data than the Monash tune, indicating that the additional baryon mechanism included there is more likely to be correct. For EPOS, on the other hand, the correlation function is very dilute for most species, which was concluded to be due to local conservation of quantum numbers not being properly accounted for. Therefore, it is not yet possible to use this measurement to test the underlying mechanism provided by this model. Based on this, the observations in data indicate that the strangeness production mechanism is likely either due to a core-corona like state, or some hybrid mechanism where string interactions are also important. Correlations were also measured as a function of multiplicity, yielding very similar results across multiplicity classes. Therefore it was concluded that the strangeness and baryon production mechanisms in pp collisions are likely the same regardless of multiplicity},
  langid = {english},
  school = {Lund University Publications},
  keywords = {Particle Physics - Experiment},
  annotation = {Presented 11 Dec 2020}
}

@article{aguilarInfraredEnhancedAnalytic2005,
  title = {Infrared Enhanced Analytic Coupling and Chiral Symmetry Breaking in {{QCD}}},
  author = {Aguilar, A. C. and Nesterenko, A. V. and Papavassiliou, J.},
  year = {2005},
  month = jul,
  journal = {J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys.},
  volume = {31},
  number = {9},
  pages = {997},
  issn = {0954-3899},
  doi = {10.1088/0954-3899/31/9/002},
  url = {https://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0954-3899/31/9/002},
  urldate = {2023-02-22},
  abstract = {We study the impact on chiral symmetry breaking of a recently developed model for the QCD analytic invariant charge. This charge contains no adjustable parameters, other than the QCD mass scale {$\Lambda$}, and embodies asymptotic freedom and infrared enhancement into a single expression. Its incorporation into the standard form of the quark gap equation gives rise to solutions for the dynamically generated mass that display a singular confining behaviour at the origin. Using the Pagels\textendash Stokar method we relate the obtained solutions to the pion decay constant f{$\pi$}, and estimate the scale parameter {$\Lambda$}, in the presence of four active quarks, to be about 880 MeV.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/XD924N28/Aguilar et al. - 2005 - Infrared enhanced analytic coupling and chiral sym.pdf}
}

@article{akibaLHCForwardPhysics2016,
  title = {{{LHC Forward Physics}}},
  author = {Akiba, K. and Akbiyik, M. and Albrow, M. and Arneodo, M. and Avati, V. and Baechler, J. and Baillie, O. Villalobos and Bartalini, P. and Bartels, J. and Baur, S. and Baus, C. and Beaumont, W. and Behrens, U. and Berge, D. and Berretti, M. and Bossini, E. and Boussarie, R. and Brodsky, S. and Broz, M. and Bruschi, M. and Bussey, P. and Byczynski, W. and Noris, J. C. Cabanillas and Villar, E. Calvo and Campbell, A. and Caporale, F. and Cartiglia, N. and Carvalho, W. and Chachamis, G. and Chapon, E. and Cheshkov, C. and Chwastowski, J. and Ciesielski, R. and Chinellato, D. and Cisek, A. and Coco, V. and Collins, P. and Contreras, J. G. and Cox, B. and Damiao, D. de Jesus and Davis, P. and Deile, M. and D'Enterria, D. and Druzhkin, D. and Duclou{\'e}, B. and Dumps, R. and Dzhelyadin, R. and Dziurdzia, P. and Eliachevitch, M. and Fassnacht, P. and Ferro, F. and Fichet, S. and Figueiredo, D. and Field, B. and Finogeev, D. and Fiore, R. and Forshaw, J. and Ducati, M. B. Gay and Medina, A. Gago and Gallinaro, M. and Granik, A. and {von Gersdorff}, G. and Giani, S. and {Golec-Biernat}, K. and Goncalves, V. P. and G{\"o}ttlicher, P. and Goulianos, K. and Grosslord, J.-Y. and {Harland-Lang}, L. A. and Van Haevermaet, H. and Hentschinski, M. and Engel, R. and Corral, G. Herrera and Hollar, J. and Huertas, L. and Johnson, D. and Katkov, I. and Kepka, O. and Khakzad, M. and Kheyn, L. and Khachatryan, V. and Khoze, V. A. and Klein, S. and {van Klundert}, M. and Krauss, F. and Kurepin, A. and Kurepin, N. and Kutak, K. and Kuznetsova, E. and Latino, G. and Lebiedowicz, P. and Lenzi, B. and Lewandowska, E. and Liu, S. and Luszczak, A. and Luszczak, M. and Madrigal, J. D. and Mangano, M. and Marcone, Z. and Marquet, C. and Martin, A. D. and Martin, T. and Hernandez, M. I. Martinez and Martins, C. and Mayer, C. and Nulty, R. Mc and Van Mechelen, P. and Macula, R. and {da Costa}, E. Melo and Mertzimekis, T. and Mesropian, C. and Mieskolainen, M. and Minafra, N. and Monzon, I. L. and Mundim, L. and Murdaca, B. and Murray, M. and Niewiadowski, H. and Nystrand, J. and {de Oliveira}, E. G. and Orava, R. and Ostapchenko, S. and Osterberg, K. and Panagiotou, A. and Papa, A. and Pasechnik, R. and Peitzmann, T. and Moreno, L. A. Perez and Pierog, T. and Pinfold, J. and Poghosyan, M. and Pol, M. E. and Prado, W. and Popov, V. and Rangel, M. and Reshetin, A. and Revol, J.-P. and Rijssenbeek, M. and Rodriguez, M. and Roland, B. and Royon, C. and Ruspa, M. and Ryskin, M. and Vera, A. Sabio and Safronov, G. and Sako, T. and Schindler, H. and Salek, D. and Safarik, K. and Saimpert, M. and Santoro, A. and Schicker, R. and Seger, J. and Sen, S. and Shabanov, A. and Schafer, W. and Da Silveira, G. Gil and Skands, P. and Soluk, R. and {van Spilbeeck}, A. and Staszewski, R. and Stevenson, S. and Stirling, W. J. and Strikman, M. and Szczurek, A. and Szymanowski, L. and Takaki, J. D. Tapia and Tasevsky, M. and Taesoo, K. and Thomas, C. and Torres, S. R. and Tricomi, A. and Trzebinski, M. and Tsybychev, D. and Turini, N. and Ulrich, R. and Usenko, E. and Varela, J. and Vetere, M. Lo and Tello, A. Villatoro and Pereira, A. Vilela and Volyanskyy, D. and Wallon, S. and Wilkinson, G. and W{\"o}hrmann, H. and Zapp, K. C. and Zoccarato, Y.},
  year = {2016},
  month = nov,
  journal = {J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys.},
  volume = {43},
  number = {11},
  eprint = {1611.05079},
  primaryclass = {hep-ex, physics:hep-ph},
  pages = {110201},
  issn = {0954-3899, 1361-6471},
  doi = {10.1088/0954-3899/43/11/110201},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1611.05079},
  urldate = {2023-02-03},
  abstract = {The goal of this report is to give a comprehensive overview of the rich field of forward physics, with a special attention to the topics that can be studied at the LHC. The report starts presenting a selection of the Monte Carlo simulation tools currently available, chapter 2, then enters the rich phenomenology of QCD at low, chapter 3, and high, chapter 4, momentum transfer, while the unique scattering conditions of central exclusive production are analyzed in chapter 5. The last two experimental topics, Cosmic Ray and Heavy Ion physics are presented in the chapter 6 and 7 respectively. Chapter 8 is dedicated to the BFKL dynamics, multiparton interactions, and saturation. The report ends with an overview of the forward detectors at LHC. Each chapter is correlated with a comprehensive bibliography, attempting to provide to the interested reader with a wide opportunity for further studies.},
  archiveprefix = {arxiv},
  keywords = {High Energy Physics - Experiment,High Energy Physics - Phenomenology},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/898JXTZT/Akiba et al. - 2016 - LHC Forward Physics.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/8GM5KU8I/1611.html}
}

@article{akindinovMultigapResistivePlate2000,
  title = {The Multigap Resistive Plate Chamber as a Time-of-Flight Detector},
  author = {Akindinov, A and Anselmo, F and Basile, M and Cerron Zeballos, E and Cifarelli, L and Cindolo, F and Choi, J and Cozzoni, B and De Caro, A and De Pasquale, S and Kim, D. W and Kim, N. Y and Klempt, W and Kluge, A and Laurenti, G and Lee, S. C and Golovine, V and Hatzifotiadou, D and Martemiyanov, A and Martinengo, P and Pesci, A and Platner, E and Roberts, J and Seganti, A and Semak, A and Smirnitski, A and Spegel, M and Szymanski, P and Valenti, G and Vicinanza, D and Williams, M. C. S and Zichichi, A},
  year = {2000},
  month = dec,
  journal = {Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment},
  series = {Proceedings of the 5th {{Int}}. {{Workshop}} on {{Resistive Plate Chambers}} and {{Related Detectors}}},
  volume = {456},
  number = {1},
  pages = {16--22},
  issn = {0168-9002},
  doi = {10.1016/S0168-9002(00)00954-2},
  url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168900200009542},
  urldate = {2023-03-26},
  abstract = {The goal of this R\&D has been to reach the time resolution needed for Time-of-Flight detectors using the Multigap Resistive Plate Chamber (MRPC). We present here a MRPC with a time resolution of 70 ps. This prototype has been studied within the R\&D program for the very large area TOF array of the ALICE experiment at the CERN LHC.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/VCQXN7J9/Akindinov et al. - 2000 - The multigap resistive plate chamber as a time-of-.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/HRTAYYZ4/S0168900200009542.html}
}

@article{akindinovMultiplicityStudiesEffective2007,
  title = {Multiplicity {{Studies}} and {{Effective Energy}} in {{ALICE}} at the {{LHC}}},
  author = {Akindinov, A. and Alici, A. and Antonioli, P. and Arcelli, S. and Basile, M. and Romeo, G. Cara and Chumakov, M. and Cifarelli, L. and Cindolo, F. and De Caro, A. and De Gruttola, D. and De Pasquale, S. and Girard, M. Fusco and Guarnaccia, C. and Hatzifotiadou, D. and Jung, H. T. and Jung, W. W. and Kim, D. W. and Kim, H. N. and Kim, J. S. and Kiselev, S. and Laurenti, G. and Lee, K. and Lee, S. C. and Lioublev, E. and Luvisetto, M. L. and Margotti, A. and Martemiyanov, A. and Nania, R. and Noferini, F. and Pagano, P. and Pesci, A. and Preghenella, R. and Russo, G. and Scapparone, E. and Scioli, G. and Silvestri, R. and Sun, Y. and Vetlitskiy, I. and Voloshin, K. and Vorobiev, L. and Williams, M. C. S. and Zagreev, B. and Zampolli, C. and Zichichi, A.},
  year = {2007},
  month = apr,
  journal = {Eur. Phys. J. C},
  volume = {50},
  number = {2},
  eprint = {0709.1664},
  primaryclass = {hep-ph},
  pages = {341--352},
  issn = {1434-6044, 1434-6052},
  doi = {10.1140/epjc/s10052-007-0260-4},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/0709.1664},
  urldate = {2022-07-07},
  abstract = {In this work we explore the possibility to perform ``effective energy'' studies in very high energy collisions at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC). In particular, we focus on the possibility to measure in \$pp\$ collisions the average charged multiplicity as a function of the effective energy with the ALICE experiment, using its capability to measure the energy of the leading baryons with the Zero Degree Calorimeters. Analyses of this kind have been done at lower centre--of--mass energies and have shown that, once the appropriate kinematic variables are chosen, particle production is characterized by universal properties: no matter the nature of the interacting particles, the final states have identical features. Assuming that this universality picture can be extended to \{\textbackslash it ion--ion\} collisions, as suggested by recent results from RHIC experiments, a novel approach based on the scaling hypothesis for limiting fragmentation has been used to derive the expected charged event multiplicity in \$AA\$ interactions at LHC. This leads to scenarios where the multiplicity is significantly lower compared to most of the predictions from the models currently used to describe high energy \$AA\$ collisions. A mean charged multiplicity of about 1000-2000 per rapidity unit (at \$\textbackslash eta \textbackslash sim 0\$) is expected for the most central \$Pb-Pb\$ collisions at \$\textbackslash sqrt\{s\_\{NN\}\} = 5.5 TeV\$.},
  archiveprefix = {arxiv},
  keywords = {High Energy Physics - Phenomenology},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/Y5RI6KZU/Akindinov et al. - 2007 - Multiplicity Studies and Effective Energy in ALICE.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/KVJNEVW6/0709.html}
}

@article{akindinovStudyGasMixtures2004,
  title = {Study of Gas Mixtures and Ageing of the Multigap Resistive Plate Chamber Used for the {{Alice TOF}}},
  author = {Akindinov, A. V. and Alici, A. and Anselmo, F. and Antonioli, P. and Basile, M. and Cara Romeo, G. and Cifarelli, L. and Cindolo, F. and Cosenza, F. and D' Antone, I. and De Caro, A. and De Pasquale, S. and Di Bartolomeo, A. and Fusco Girard, M. and Golovine, V. and Guerzoni, M. and Guida, M. and Hatzifotiadou, D. and Kaidalov, A. B. and Kim, D. H. and Kim, D. W. and Kisselev, S. M. and Laurenti, G. and Lioublev, E. and Lee, K. and Lee, S. C. and Luvisetto, M. L. and Margotti, A. and Martemiyanov, A. N. and Massera, F. and Meneghini, S. and Michinelli, R. and Nania, R. and Otiougova, P. and Pancaldi, G. and Pesci, A. and Pilastrini, R. and Pinazza, O. and Polozov, P. A. and Rizzi, M. and Scapparone, E. and Scioli, G. and Sellitto, S. B. and Semeria, F. and Serra, S. and Smirnitski, A. V. and Tchoumakov, M. M. and Ugolini, E. and Usenko, E. and Valenti, G. and Voloshin, K. G. and Williams, M. C. S. and Zagreev, B. V. and Zampolli, C. and Zichichi, A. and Zucchini, A. and Zuffa, M.},
  year = {2004},
  month = nov,
  journal = {Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment},
  series = {Proceedings of the {{Seventh International Workshop}} on {{Resistive Plate Chambers}} and {{Related Detectors}}},
  volume = {533},
  number = {1},
  pages = {93--97},
  issn = {0168-9002},
  doi = {10.1016/j.nima.2004.07.007},
  url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168900204014111},
  urldate = {2023-03-26},
  abstract = {We present in this paper a study of the Alice-TOF Multigap Resistive Plate Chamber (MRPC) performance by using several gas mixtures. We also present a search for possible ageing effects, by studying two MRPCs irradiated at the CERN Gamma Irradiation Facility.},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Gas mixture,Time of flight,Time resolution},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/VACGL3CV/Akindinov et al. - 2004 - Study of gas mixtures and ageing of the multigap r.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/JI8HKTDZ/S0168900204014111.html}
}

@article{alfordQCDFiniteBaryon1998,
  title = {{{QCD}} at {{Finite Baryon Density}}: {{Nucleon Droplets}} and {{Color Superconductivity}}},
  shorttitle = {{{QCD}} at {{Finite Baryon Density}}},
  author = {Alford, M. and Rajagopal, K. and Wilczek, F.},
  year = {1998},
  month = mar,
  journal = {Physics Letters B},
  volume = {422},
  number = {1-4},
  eprint = {hep-ph/9711395},
  pages = {247--256},
  issn = {03702693},
  doi = {10.1016/S0370-2693(98)00051-3},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-ph/9711395},
  urldate = {2023-02-23},
  abstract = {We use a variational procedure to study finite density QCD in an approximation in which the interaction between quarks is modelled by that induced by instantons. We find that uniform states with conventional chiral symmetry breaking have negative pressure with respect to empty space at all but the lowest densities, and are therefore unstable. This is a precisely defined phenomenon which motivates the basic picture of hadrons assumed in the MIT bag model, with nucleons as droplets of chiral symmetry restored phase. At all densities high enough that the chirally symmetric phase fills space, we find that color symmetry is broken by the formation of a {$<$}qq{$>$} condensate of quark Cooper pairs. A plausible ordering scheme leads to a substantial gap in a Lorentz scalar channel involving quarks of two colors, and a much smaller gap in an axial vector channel involving quarks of the third color.},
  archiveprefix = {arxiv},
  keywords = {High Energy Physics - Phenomenology,High Energy Physics - Theory,Nuclear Theory},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/YN46CAWI/Alford et al. - 1998 - QCD at Finite Baryon Density Nucleon Droplets and.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/2WHAXXHY/9711395.html}
}

@article{alicecollaborationALICE201620172018Luminosity,
  title = {ALICE 2016-2017-2018 luminosity determination for pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV},
  author = {{ALICE Collaboration}},
  pages = {24},
  abstract = {Luminosity determination in ALICE is based on the measurement of visible cross sections in van der Meer (vdM) scans. In the Run 2 (2015√–2018), the Large Hadron Collider provided proton–proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of s = 13 TeV. One vdM scan per year was performed, which allowed for calibration of the ALICE luminometers: the T0 detector with pseudorapidity coverage 4.6 < η < 4.9, −3.3 < η < −3.0, and the V0 detector with pseudorapidity coverage 2.8 < η < 5.1, −3.7 < η < −1.7. This document presents the luminosity determination methodology and results for the years 2016, 2017 and 2018.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/PBQMQ83M/Collaboration - ALICE 2016-2017-2018 lum√inosity determination for.pdf}
}

@misc{alicecollaborationALICEDataPreparation2023,
  title = {{{ALICE Data Preparation Group}}},
  author = {{ALICE Collaboration}},
  year = {2023},
  month = may,
  journal = {ALICE Data Preparation Group (DPG)},
  url = {https://alice-offline.web.cern.ch/Activities/alice-data-preparation-group},
  urldate = {2023-05-20},
  abstract = {The Data Preparation group is responsible for steering and coordinating the reconstruction of the data collected by Alice and the preparation and the execution of the Monte Carlo simulations. It also in charge of organizing the Quality Assurance of the reconstructed and simulated data (at the detector, tracking and particle identification levels) and of developing and improving the Quality Assurance tools for future runs. The third area of responsibility of the DPG is in the preparation and maintenance of the Analysis Objects and Tools, which includes the production, maintenance, quality assurance and bookkeeping of the AOD (Analysis Object Data) files, as well as the coordination of the groups working on event selections and properties and track selections and properties.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/STIFK7RY/alice-data-preparation-group.html}
}

@misc{alicecollaborationALICEDefinitionPrimary2017,
  title = {The {{ALICE}} Definition of Primary Particles},
  author = {{ALICE Collaboration}},
  year = {2017},
  month = jun,
  journal = {CERN Document Server},
  number = {ALICE-PUBLIC-2017-005},
  url = {https://cds.cern.ch/record/2270008},
  urldate = {2021-04-26},
  abstract = {In this public note, we specify what we mean by the term ``primary particle''.  The definition is motivated by what is in principle measurable by ALICE and that event generators and other such theoretical considerations must be able to reproduce the same requirements.  To this end, we also provide a Rivet projection to be used in ALICE Rivet analyses.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/WU3MBJVI/2017 - The ALICE definition of primary particles.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/2BXNYTLN/2270008.html}
}

@misc{alicecollaborationALICEDPGPileup2021,
  type = {Twiki},
  title = {{{ALICE DPG}} --  {{Pileup}} in {{Run-2}} Data Samples},
  author = {{ALICE Collaboration}},
  year = {2021},
  month = nov,
  url = {https://twiki.cern.ch/twiki/bin/viewauth/ALICE/AliDPGtoolsPileup},
  urldate = {2023-05-31},
  abstract = {Pileup in Run-2 data samples},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/ZG3GL834/AliDPGtoolsPileup.html}
}

@article{alicecollaborationALICEExperimentCERN2008,
  title = {The {{ALICE}} Experiment at the {{CERN LHC}}},
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Yun and Yushmanov, I. and Yuting, B. and Zabrodin, E. and Zagato, S. and Zagreev, B. and Zaharia, P. and Zalite, A. and Zampa, G. and Zampolli, C. and Zanevskiy, Y. and Zarochentsev, A. and Zaudtke, O. and Z{\'a}vada, P. and Zbroszczyk, H. and Zepeda, A. and Zeter, V. and Zgura, I. and Zhalov, M. and Zhou, D. and Zhou, S. and Zhu, G. and Zichichi, A. and Zinchenko, A. and Zinovjev, G. and Zoccarato, Y. and Zubarev, A. and Zucchini, A. and Zuffa, M.},
  year = {2008},
  month = aug,
  journal = {J. Inst.},
  volume = {3},
  number = {08},
  pages = {S08002--S08002},
  publisher = {{IOP Publishing}},
  issn = {1748-0221},
  doi = {10.1088/1748-0221/3/08/S08002},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/3/08/s08002},
  urldate = {2020-05-22},
  abstract = {ALICE (A Large Ion Collider Experiment) is a general-purpose, heavy-ion detector at the CERN LHC which focuses on QCD, the strong-interaction sector of the Standard Model. It is designed to address the physics of strongly interacting matter and the quark-gluon plasma at extreme values of energy density and temperature in nucleus-nucleus collisions. Besides running with Pb ions, the physics programme includes collisions with lighter ions, lower energy running and dedicated proton-nucleus runs. ALICE will also take data with proton beams at the top LHC energy to collect reference data for the heavy-ion programme and to address several QCD topics for which ALICE is complementary to the other LHC detectors. The ALICE detector has been built by a collaboration including currently over 1000 physicists and engineers from 105 Institutes in 30 countries. Its overall dimensions are 16 \texttimes{} 16 \texttimes{} 26 m3 with a total weight of approximately 10 000 t. The experiment consists of 18 different detector systems each with its own specific technology choice and design constraints, driven both by the physics requirements and the experimental conditions expected at LHC. The most stringent design constraint is to cope with the extreme particle multiplicity anticipated in central Pb-Pb collisions. The different subsystems were optimized to provide high-momentum resolution as well as excellent Particle Identification (PID) over a broad range in momentum, up to the highest multiplicities predicted for LHC. This will allow for comprehensive studies of hadrons, electrons, muons, and photons produced in the collision of heavy nuclei. Most detector systems are scheduled to be installed and ready for data taking by mid-2008 when the LHC is scheduled to start operation, with the exception of parts of the Photon Spectrometer (PHOS), Transition Radiation Detector (TRD) and Electro Magnetic Calorimeter (EMCal). These detectors will be completed for the high-luminosity ion run expected in 2010. This paper describes in detail the detector components as installed for the first data taking in the summer of 2008.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/3XVU9UBF/Collaboration et al. - 2008 - The ALICE experiment at the CERN LHC.pdf}
}

@misc{alicecollaborationALICEExperimentJourney2022,
  title = {The {{ALICE}} Experiment -- {{A}} Journey through {{QCD}}},
  author = {{ALICE Collaboration}},
  year = {2022},
  month = nov,
  number = {arXiv:2211.04384},
  eprint = {2211.04384},
  primaryclass = {hep-ex, physics:nucl-ex},
  publisher = {{arXiv}},
  doi = {10.48550/arXiv.2211.04384},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/2211.04384},
  urldate = {2023-07-24},
  abstract = {The ALICE experiment was proposed in 1993, to study strongly interacting matter at extreme energy densities via a comprehensive investigation of nuclear collisions at the LHC. Its physics programme initially focused on the determination of the properties of the Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP), a deconfined state of quarks and gluons and was extended along the years, covering a diverse ensemble of observables related to Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD), the theory of strong interactions. The experiment has studied Pb-Pb, Xe-Xe, p-Pb and pp collisions in the multi-TeV energy range, during the Run 1 and Run 2 data taking periods at the LHC (2009-2018). The aim of this review article is to gather and summarise a selection of ALICE physics results and to discuss their implications on the current understanding of the macroscopic and microscopic properties of strongly interacting matter at the highest temperature reached in the laboratory. It will be shown that it is possible to have a quantitative description of the properties of the QGP produced in Pb--Pb collisions. We also show that various features, commonly ascribed to QGP formation, are detected for a wide range of interacting system sizes. Precision measurements of QCD-related observables not directly connected to the study of the QGP will also be discussed. Prospects for future measurements with the ALICE detector and its foreseen upgrades will also be briefly described.},
  archiveprefix = {arxiv},
  keywords = {High Energy Physics - Experiment,Nuclear Experiment},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/ADCIHVPH/ALICE Collaboration - 2022 - The ALICE experiment -- A journey through QCD.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/4ACHN3GB/2211.html}
}

@misc{alicecollaborationALICEPhysicsForum2016,
  title = {{{ALICE Physics Forum}} - 8 {{June}} 2016},
  author = {{ALICE Collaboration}},
  year = {2016},
  month = jun,
  journal = {Indico},
  url = {https://indi.to/XhtBJ},
  urldate = {2023-05-27},
  abstract = {Updates on Physics Selection and run conditions},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/NE3GL23M/489470.html}
}

@article{alicecollaborationALICEPhysicsPerformance2006,
  title = {{{ALICE}}: {{Physics Performance Report}}, {{Volume II}}},
  shorttitle = {{{ALICE}}},
  author = {{ALICE Collaboration} and Alessandro, B. and Antinori, F. and Belikov, J. A. and Blume, C. and Dainese, A. and Foka, P. and Giubellino, P. and Hippolyte, B. and Kuhn, C. and Mart{\'i}nez, G. and Monteno, M. and Morsch, A. and Nayak, T. K. and Nystrand, J. and Noriega, M. L{\'o}pez and Pai{\'c}, G. and Pluta, J. and Ramello, L. and Revol, J.-P. and {\v S}afa{\v r}{\'i}k, K. and Schukraft, J. and Schutz, Y. and Scomparin, E. and Snellings, R. and Baillie, O. Villalobos and Vercellin, E.},
  year = {2006},
  month = sep,
  journal = {J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys.},
  volume = {32},
  number = {10},
  pages = {1295--2040},
  publisher = {{IOP Publishing}},
  issn = {0954-3899},
  doi = {10.1088/0954-3899/32/10/001},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1088/0954-3899/32/10/001},
  urldate = {2021-08-22},
  abstract = {ALICE is a general-purpose heavy-ion experiment designed to study the physics of strongly interacting matter and the quark\textendash gluon plasma in nucleus\textendash nucleus collisions at the LHC. It currently involves more than 900 physicists and senior engineers, from both the nuclear and high-energy physics sectors, from over 90 institutions in about 30 countries. The ALICE detector is designed to cope with the highest particle multiplicities above those anticipated for Pb\textendash Pb collisions (dNch/dy up to 8000) and it will be operational at the start-up of the LHC. In addition to heavy systems, the ALICE Collaboration will study collisions of lower-mass ions, which are a means of varying the energy density, and protons (both pp and pA), which primarily provide reference data for the nucleus\textendash nucleus collisions. In addition, the pp data will allow for a number of genuine pp physics studies. The detailed design of the different detector systems has been laid down in a number of Technical Design Reports issued between mid-1998 and the end of 2004. The experiment is currently under construction and will be ready for data taking with both proton and heavy-ion beams at the start-up of the LHC. Since the comprehensive information on detector and physics performance was last published in the ALICE Technical Proposal in 1996, the detector, as well as simulation, reconstruction and analysis software have undergone significant development. The Physics Performance Report (PPR) provides an updated and comprehensive summary of the performance of the various ALICE subsystems, including updates to the Technical Design Reports, as appropriate. The PPR is divided into two volumes. Volume I, published in 2004 (CERN/LHCC 2003-049, ALICE Collaboration 2004 J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys. 30 1517\textendash 1763), contains in four chapters a short theoretical overview and an extensive reference list concerning the physics topics of interest to ALICE, the experimental conditions at the LHC, a short summary and update of the subsystem designs, and a description of the offline framework and Monte Carlo event generators. The present volume, Volume II, contains the majority of the information relevant to the physics performance in proton\textendash proton, proton\textendash nucleus, and nucleus\textendash nucleus collisions. Following an introductory overview, Chapter 5 describes the combined detector performance and the event reconstruction procedures, based on detailed simulations of the individual subsystems. Chapter 6 describes the analysis and physics reach for a representative sample of physics observables, from global event characteristics to hard processes.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/FFEHSC5V/Collaboration et al. - 2006 - ALICE Physics Performance Report, Volume II.pdf}
}

@misc{alicecollaborationALICESeesRidge,
  title = {{{ALICE}} Sees ``the Ridge'' in Simplest Collisions Yet},
  author = {{ALICE Collaboration}},
  url = {https://alice-collaboration.web.cern.ch/Moriond2023_ridge},
  urldate = {2023-06-21},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/R7MKL5EF/Moriond2023_ridge.html}
}

@misc{alicecollaborationALICETriggerCoordination2020,
  title = {{{ALICE Trigger Coordination Twiki}} Page},
  author = {{ALICE Collaboration}},
  year = {2020},
  month = oct,
  url = {https://twiki.cern.ch/twiki/bin/viewauth/ALICE/TriggerCoordination},
  urldate = {2023-04-05},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/CEKPIK5T/TriggerCoordination.html}
}

@misc{alicecollaborationALICEUpgradesLHC2023,
  title = {{{ALICE}} Upgrades during the {{LHC Long Shutdown}} 2},
  author = {{ALICE Collaboration}},
  year = {2023},
  month = feb,
  number = {arXiv:2302.01238},
  eprint = {2302.01238},
  primaryclass = {hep-ex, physics:nucl-ex, physics:physics},
  publisher = {{arXiv}},
  doi = {10.48550/arXiv.2302.01238},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/2302.01238},
  urldate = {2023-02-06},
  abstract = {A Large Ion Collider Experiment (ALICE) has been conceived and constructed as a heavy-ion experiment at the LHC. During LHC Runs 1 and 2, it has produced a wide range of physics results using all collision systems available at the LHC. In order to best exploit new physics opportunities opening up with the upgraded LHC and new detector technologies, the experiment has undergone a major upgrade during the LHC Long Shutdown 2 (2019-2022). This comprises the move to continuous readout, the complete overhaul of core detectors, as well as a new online event processing farm with a redesigned online-offline software framework. These improvements will allow to record Pb-Pb collisions at rates up to 50 kHz, while ensuring sensitivity for signals without a triggerable signature.},
  archiveprefix = {arxiv},
  keywords = {High Energy Physics - Experiment,Nuclear Experiment,Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/PEM46CPV/ALICE Collaboration - 2023 - ALICE upgrades during the LHC Long Shutdown 2.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/H83SVR38/2302.html}
}

@article{alicecollaborationAlignmentALICEInner2017,
  title = {Alignment of the {{ALICE Inner Tracking System}} with Cosmic-Ray Tracks},
  author = {{ALICE Collaboration}},
  year = {2017},
  month = sep,
  journal = {arXiv:1001.0502 [hep-ex, physics:physics]},
  eprint = {1001.0502},
  primaryclass = {hep-ex, physics:physics},
  doi = {10.1088/1748-0221/5/03/P03003},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1001.0502},
  urldate = {2021-04-26},
  abstract = {ALICE (A Large Ion Collider Experiment) is the LHC (Large Hadron Collider) experiment devoted to investigating the strongly interacting matter created in nucleus-nucleus collisions at the LHC energies. The ALICE ITS, Inner Tracking System, consists of six cylindrical layers of silicon detectors with three different technologies; in the outward direction: two layers of pixel detectors, two layers each of drift, and strip detectors. The number of parameters to be determined in the spatial alignment of the 2198 sensor modules of the ITS is about 13,000. The target alignment precision is well below 10 micron in some cases (pixels). The sources of alignment information include survey measurements, and the reconstructed tracks from cosmic rays and from proton-proton collisions. The main track-based alignment method uses the Millepede global approach. An iterative local method was developed and used as well. We present the results obtained for the ITS alignment using about 10\^5 charged tracks from cosmic rays that have been collected during summer 2008, with the ALICE solenoidal magnet switched off.},
  archiveprefix = {arxiv},
  keywords = {High Energy Physics - Experiment,Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/DTW9FH7R/ALICE Collaboration - 2017 - Alignment of the ALICE Inner Tracking System with .pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/I55Q879U/1001.html}
}

@misc{alicecollaborationAliPhysics2023,
  title = {{{AliPhysics}}},
  author = {{ALICE Collaboration}},
  year = {2023},
  month = feb,
  url = {https://github.com/alisw/AliPhysics},
  urldate = {2023-04-24},
  abstract = {ALICE Analysis Repository},
  copyright = {BSD-3-Clause},
  keywords = {alice-experiment,cern,hep,lhc,physics}
}

@misc{alicecollaborationAliRoot2023,
  title = {{{AliRoot}}},
  author = {{ALICE Collaboration}},
  year = {2023},
  month = feb,
  journal = {GitHub},
  url = {https://github.com/alisw/AliRoot},
  urldate = {2023-04-24},
  abstract = {ALICE Software Framework. Contribute to alisw/AliRoot development by creating an account on GitHub.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/C42H7X7I/AliRoot.html}
}

@article{alicecollaborationAnisotropicFlowFlow2023,
  title = {Anisotropic flow and flow fluctuations of identified hadrons in {Pb-Pb} collisions at $ \sqrt{s_{\textrm{NN}}} $= 5.02 {TeV}},
  author = {{ALICE Collaboration} and Acharya, S. and Adamová, D. and Adler, A. and Aglieri Rinella, G. and Agnello, M. and Agrawal, N. and Ahammed, Z. and Ahmad, S. and Ahn, S. U. and Ahuja, I. and Akindinov, A. and Al-Turany, M. and Aleksandrov, D. and Alessandro, B. and Alfanda, H. M. and Alfaro Molina, R. and Ali, B. and Ali, Y. and Alici, A. and Alizadehvandchali, N. and Alkin, A. and Alme, J. and Alocco, G. and Alt, T. and Altsybeev, I. and Anaam, M. N. and Andrei, C. and Andronic, A. and Anguelov, V. and Antinori, F. and Antonioli, P. and Anuj, C. and Apadula, N. and Aphecetche, L. and Appelshäuser, H. and Arata, C. and Arcelli, S. and Aresti, M. and Arnaldi, R. and Arsene, I. C. and Arslandok, M. and Augustinus, A. and Averbeck, R. and Aziz, S. and Azmi, M. D. and Badalà, A. and Baek, Y. W. and Bai, X. and Bailhache, R. and Bailung, Y. and Bala, R. and Balbino, A. and Baldisseri, A. and Balis, B. and Banerjee, D. and Banoo, Z. and Barbera, R. and Barioglio, L. and Barlou, M. and Barnaföldi, G. G. and Barnby, L. S. and Barret, V. and Barreto, L. and Bartels, C. and Barth, K. and Bartsch, E. and Baruffaldi, F. and Bastid, N. and Basu, S. and Batigne, G. and Battistini, D. and Batyunya, B. and Bauri, D. and Bazo Alba, J. L. and Bearden, I. G. and Beattie, C. and Becht, P. and Behera, D. and Belikov, I. and Bell Hechavarria, A. D. C. and Bellini, F. and Bellwied, R. and Belokurova, S. and Belyaev, V. and Bencedi, G. and Beole, S. and Bercuci, A. and Berdnikov, Y. and Berdnikova, A. and Bergmann, L. and Besoiu, M. G. and Betev, L. and Bhaduri, P. P. and Bhasin, A. and Bhat, M. A. and Bhattacharjee, B. and Bianchi, L. and Bianchi, N. and Bielčík, J. and Bielčíková, J. and Biernat, J. and Bigot, A. P. and Bilandzic, A. and Biro, G. and Biswas, S. and Bize, N. and Blair, J. T. and Blau, D. and Blidaru, M. B. and Bluhme, N. and Blume, C. and Boca, G. and Bock, F. and Bodova, T. and Bogdanov, A. and Boi, S. and Bok, J. and Boldizsár, L. and Bolozdynya, A. and Bombara, M. and Bond, P. M. and Bonomi, G. and Borel, H. and Borissov, A. and Bossi, H. and Botta, E. and Bratrud, L. and Braun-Munzinger, P. and Bregant, M. and Broz, M. and Bruno, G. E. and Buckland, M. D. and Budnikov, D. and Buesching, H. and Bufalino, S. and Bugnon, O. and Buhler, P. and Buthelezi, Z. and Butt, J. B. and Bylinkin, A. and Bysiak, S. A. and Cai, M. and Caines, H. and Caliva, A. and Calvo Villar, E. and Camacho, J. M. M. and Camerini, P. and Canedo, F. D. M. and Carabas, M. and Carnesecchi, F. and Caron, R. and Castillo Castellanos, J. and Catalano, F. and Ceballos Sanchez, C. and Chakaberia, I. and Chakraborty, P. and Chandra, S. and Chapeland, S. and Chartier, M. and Chattopadhyay, S. and Chattopadhyay, S. and Chavez, T. G. and Cheng, T. and Cheshkov, C. and Cheynis, B. and Chibante Barroso, V. and Chinellato, D. D. and Chizzali, E. S. and Cho, J. and Cho, S. and Chochula, P. and Christakoglou, P. and Christensen, C. H. and Christiansen, P. and Chujo, T. and Ciacco, M. and Cicalo, C. and Cifarelli, L. and Cindolo, F. and Ciupek, M. R. and Clai, G. and Colamaria, F. and Colburn, J. S. and Colella, D. and Collu, A. and Colocci, M. and Concas, M. and Conesa Balbastre, G. and Conesa del Valle, Z. and Contin, G. and Contreras, J. G. and Coquet, M. L. and Cormier, T. M. and Cortese, P. and Cosentino, M. R. and Costa, F. and Costanza, S. and Crochet, P. and Cruz-Torres, R. and Cuautle, E. and Cui, P. and Cunqueiro, L. and Dainese, A. and Danisch, M. C. and Danu, A. and Das, P. and Das, P. and Das, S. and Dash, A. R. and Dash, S. and De Caro, A. and de Cataldo, G. and De Cilladi, L. and de Cuveland, J. and De Falco, A. and De Gruttola, D. and De Marco, N. and De Martin, C. and De Pasquale, S. and Deb, S. and Debski, R. J. and Deja, K. R. and Del Grande, R. and Dello Stritto, L. and Deng, W. and Dhankher, P. and Di Bari, D. and Di Mauro, A. and Diaz, R. A. and Dietel, T. and Ding, Y. and Divià, R. and Dixit, D. U. and Djuvsland, Ø. and Dmitrieva, U. and Dobrin, A. and Dönigus, B. and Dubey, A. K. and Dubinski, J. M. and Dubla, A. and Dudi, S. and Dupieux, P. and Durkac, M. and Dzalaiova, N. and Eder, T. M. and Ehlers, R. J. and Eikeland, V. N. and Eisenhut, F. and Elia, D. and Erazmus, B. and Ercolessi, F. and Erhardt, F. and Ersdal, M. R. and Espagnon, B. and Eulisse, G. and Evans, D. and Evdokimov, S. and Fabbietti, L. and Faggin, M. and Faivre, J. and Fan, F. and Fan, W. and Fantoni, A. and Fasel, M. and Fecchio, P. and Feliciello, A. and Feofilov, G. and Fernández Téllez, A. and Ferrer, M. B. and Ferrero, A. and Ferrero, C. and Ferretti, A. and Feuillard, V. J. G. and Figiel, J. and Filova, V. and Finogeev, D. and Fionda, F. M. and Fiorenza, G. and Flor, F. and Flores, A. N. and Foertsch, S. and Fokin, I. and Fokin, S. and Fragiacomo, E. and Frajna, E. and Fuchs, U. and Funicello, N. and Furget, C. and Furs, A. and Fusayasu, T. and Gaardhøje, J. J. and Gagliardi, M. and Gago, A. M. and Gal, A. and Galvan, C. D. and Gangadharan, D. R. and Ganoti, P. and Garabatos, C. and Garcia, J. R. A.},
  year = {2023},
  month = may,
  journal = {J. High Energ. Phys.},
  volume = {2023},
  number = {5},
  pages = {243},
  issn = {1029-8479},
  doi = {10.1007/JHEP05(2023)243},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP05(2023)243},
  urldate = {2023-07-24},
  abstract = {The first measurements of elliptic flow of π±, K±, $$ \textrm{p}+\overline{\textrm{p}} $$, $$ {\textrm{K}}_{\textrm{S}}^0 $$, $$ \Lambda +\overline{\Lambda} $$, ϕ, $$ {\Xi}^{-}+{\overline{\Xi}}^{+} $$, and $$ {\varOmega}^{-}+{\overline{\varOmega}}^{+} $$using multiparticle cumulants in Pb–Pb collisions at $$ \sqrt{s_{\textrm{NN}}} $$= 5.02 TeV are resented. Results obtained with two- (v2{2}) and four-particle cumulants (v2{4}) are shown as a function of transverse momentum, pT, for various collision centrality intervals. Combining the data for both v2{2} and v2{4} also allows us to report the first measurements of the mean elliptic flow, elliptic flow fluctuations, and relative elliptic flow fluctuations for various hadron species. These observables probe the event-by-event eccentricity fluctuations in the initial state and the contributions from the dynamic evolution of the expanding quark–gluon plasma. The characteristic features observed in previous pT-differential anisotropic flow measurements for identified hadrons with two-particle correlations, namely the mass ordering at low pT and the approximate scaling with the number of constituent quarks at intermediate pT, are similarly present in the four-particle correlations and the combinations of v2{2} and v2{4}. In addition, a particle species dependence of flow fluctuations is observed that could indicate a significant contribution from final state hadronic interactions. The comparison between experimental measurements and CoLBT model calculations, which combine the various physics processes of hydrodynamics, quark coalescence, and jet fragmentation, illustrates their importance over a wide pT range.},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Collective Flow,Heavy Ion Experiments,Particle Correlations and Fluctuations},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/R6K9G55F/Acharya et al. - 2023 - Anisotropic flow and flow fluctuations of identifi.pdf}
}

@article{alicecollaborationCentralityDependenceChargedParticle2016,
  title = {Centrality Dependence of the Charged-Particle Multiplicity Density at Midrapidity in {Pb-Pb} Collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}=5.02\text{ }\mathrm{TeV}$},
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  journal = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
  volume = {116},
  number = {22},
  pages = {222302},
  publisher = {American Physical Society},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.222302},
  url = {https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.222302},
  urldate = {2023-03-15},
  abstract = {The pseudorapidity density of charged particles, dNch/dη, at midrapidity in Pb-Pb collisions has been measured at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of √sNN=5.02 TeV. For the 5% most central collisions, we measure a value of 1943±54. The rise in dNch/dη as a function of √sNN is steeper than that observed in proton-proton collisions and follows the trend established by measurements at lower energy. The increase of dNch/dη as a function of the average number of participant nucleons, ⟨Npart⟩, calculated in a Glauber model, is compared with the previous measurement at √sNN=2.76 TeV. A constant factor of about 1.2 describes the increase in dNch/dη from √sNN=2.76 to 5.02 TeV for all centrality classes, within the measured range of 0%–80% centrality. The results are also compared to models based on different mechanisms for particle production in nuclear collisions.},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/CRTJQYQE/ALICE Collaboration et al. - 2016 - Centrality Dependence of the Charged-Particle Mult.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/ACFAJSTX/PhysRevLett.116.html}
}

@article{alicecollaborationCharacterizingInitialConditions2022,
  title = {Characterizing the Initial Conditions of Heavy-Ion Collisions at the {{LHC}} with Mean Transverse Momentum and Anisotropic Flow Correlations},
  author = {{ALICE Collaboration}},
  year = {2022},
  month = nov,
  journal = {Physics Letters B},
  volume = {834},
  eprint = {2111.06106},
  primaryclass = {hep-ex, physics:nucl-ex},
  pages = {137393},
  issn = {03702693},
  doi = {10.1016/j.physletb.2022.137393},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/2111.06106},
  urldate = {2022-11-06},
  abstract = {Correlations between mean transverse momentum \$[p\_\{\textbackslash rm T\}]\$ and anisotropic flow coefficients \$v\_\{\textbackslash rm 2\}\$ or \$v\_\{\textbackslash rm 3\}\$ are measured as a function of centrality in Pb-Pb and Xe-Xe collisions at \$\textbackslash sqrt\{s\_\{\textbackslash rm NN\}\} = 5.02\$ TeV and 5.44 TeV, respectively, with ALICE. In addition, the recently proposed higher-order correlation between \$[p\_\{\textbackslash rm T\}]\$, \$v\_\{\textbackslash rm 2\}\$, and \$v\_\{\textbackslash rm 3\}\$ is measured for the first time, which shows an anticorrelation for the presented centrality ranges. These measurements are compared with hydrodynamic calculations using IP-Glasma and \$\textbackslash rm T\_\{R\}ENTo\$ initial-state shapes, the former based on the Color Glass Condensate effective theory with gluon saturation, and the latter a parameterized model with nucleons as the relevant degrees of freedom. The data are better described by the IP-Glasma rather than the \$\textbackslash rm T\_\{R\}ENTo\$ based calculations. In particular, Trajectum and JETSCAPE predictions, both based on the \$\textbackslash rm T\_\{R\}ENTo\$ initial state model but with different parameter settings, fail to describe the measurements. As the correlations between \$[p\_\{\textbackslash rm T\}]\$ and \$v\_\{\textbackslash rm n\}\$ are mainly driven by the correlations of the size and the shape of the system in the initial state, these new studies pave a novel way to characterize the initial state in relativistic heavy-ion collisions.},
  archiveprefix = {arxiv},
  keywords = {High Energy Physics - Experiment,Nuclear Experiment},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/C3QKNNVW/ALICE Collaboration - 2022 - Characterizing the initial conditions of heavy-ion.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/2AVSD5WL/2111.html}
}

@article{alicecollaborationChargedparticleMultiplicityMeasurement2010,
  title = {Charged-particle multiplicity measurement in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 0.9 and 2.36 {TeV} with {ALICE} at {LHC}},
  author = {{ALICE Collaboration}},
  year = {2010},
  month = jul,
  journal = {Eur. Phys. J. C},
  volume = {68},
  number = {1-2},
  eprint = {1004.3034},
  primaryclass = {hep-ex},
  pages = {89-108},
  issn = {1434-6044, 1434-6052},
  doi = {10.1140/epjc/s10052-010-1339-x},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1004.3034},
  urldate = {2023-04-05},
  abstract = {Charged-particle production was studied in proton-proton collisions collected at the LHC with the ALICE detector at centre-of-mass energies 0.9 TeV and 2.36 TeV in the pseudorapidity range |$\eta$| < 1.4. In the central region (|$\eta$| < 0.5), at 0.9 TeV, we measure charged-particle pseudorapidity density dNch/deta = 3.02 $\pm$ 0.01 (stat.) $^{+0.08}_{-0.05}$ (syst.) for inelastic interactions, and dNch/deta = 3.58 $\pm$ 0.01 (stat.) $^{+0.12}_{-0.12}$ (syst.) for non-single-diffractive interactions. At 2.36 TeV, we find dNch/deta = 3.77 $\pm$ 0.01 (stat.) $^{+0.25}_{-0.12}$ (syst.) for inelastic, and dNch/deta = 4.43 $\pm$ 0.01 (stat.) $^{+0.17}_{-0.12}$ (syst.) for non-single-diffractive collisions. The relative increase in charged-particle multiplicity from the lower to higher energy is 24.7% $\pm$ 0.5% (stat.) $^{+5.7}_{-2.8}$% (syst.) for inelastic and 23.7% $\pm$ 0.5% (stat.) $^{+4.6}_{-1.1}$% (syst.) for non-single-diffractive interactions. This increase is consistent with that reported by the CMS collaboration for non-single-diffractive events and larger than that found by a number of commonly used models. The multiplicity distribution was measured in different pseudorapidity intervals and studied in terms of KNO variables at both energies. The results are compared to proton-antiproton data and to model predictions.},
  archiveprefix = {arxiv},
  keywords = {High Energy Physics - Experiment},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/GKYHERAH/ALICE Collaboration - 2010 - Charged-particle multiplicity measurement in proto.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/5SB3SYFR/1004.html}
}

@misc{alicecollaborationDatadrivenPrecisionDetermination2023,
  title = {Data-Driven Precision Determination of the Material Budget in {{ALICE}}},
  author = {{ALICE Collaboration}},
  year = {2023},
  month = mar,
  number = {arXiv:2303.15317},
  eprint = {2303.15317},
  primaryclass = {hep-ex, physics:nucl-ex, physics:physics},
  publisher = {{arXiv}},
  doi = {10.48550/arXiv.2303.15317},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/2303.15317},
  urldate = {2023-06-11},
  abstract = {The knowledge of the material budget with a high precision is fundamental for measurements of direct photon production using the photon conversion method due to its direct impact on the total systematic uncertainty. Moreover, it influences many aspects of the charged-particle reconstruction performance. In this article, two procedures to determine data-driven corrections to the material-budget description in ALICE simulation software are developed. One is based on the precise knowledge of the gas composition in the Time Projection Chamber. The other is based on the robustness of the ratio between the produced number of photons and charged particles, to a large extent due to the approximate isospin symmetry in the number of produced neutral and charged pions. Both methods are applied to ALICE data allowing for a reduction of the overall material budget systematic uncertainty from 4.5\% down to 2.5\%. Using these methods, a locally correct material budget is also achieved. The two proposed methods are generic and can be applied to any experiment in a similar fashion.},
  archiveprefix = {arxiv},
  keywords = {High Energy Physics - Experiment,Nuclear Experiment,Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/ILN6DPYX/ALICE Collaboration - 2023 - Data-driven precision determination of the materia.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/8IV5NSY6/2303.html}
}

@article{alicecollaborationDeterminationEventCollision2017,
  title = {Determination of the Event Collision Time with the {{ALICE}} Detector at the {{LHC}}},
  author = {{ALICE Collaboration}},
  year = {2017},
  month = feb,
  journal = {Eur. Phys. J. Plus},
  volume = {132},
  number = {2},
  eprint = {1610.03055},
  primaryclass = {nucl-ex, physics:physics},
  pages = {99},
  issn = {2190-5444},
  doi = {10.1140/epjp/i2017-11279-1},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1610.03055},
  urldate = {2023-03-28},
  abstract = {Particle identification is an important feature of the ALICE detector at the LHC. In particular, for particle identification via the time-of-flight technique, the precise determination of the event collision time represents an important ingredient of the quality of the measurement. In this paper, the different methods used for such a measurement in ALICE by means of the T0 and the TOF detectors are reviewed. Efficiencies, resolution and the improvement of the particle identification separation power of the methods used are presented for the different LHC colliding systems (pp , p-Pb and Pb-Pb) during the first period of data taking of LHC (Run 1).},
  archiveprefix = {arxiv},
  keywords = {Nuclear Experiment,Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/KFPJFA3Y/ALICE Collaboration - 2017 - Determination of the event collision time with the.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/URHCSVIP/1610.html}
}

@article{alicecollaborationEnhancedProductionMultistrange2017,
  title = {Enhanced Production of Multi-Strange Hadrons in High-Multiplicity Proton-Proton Collisions},
  author = {{ALICE Collaboration}},
  year = {2017},
  month = jun,
  journal = {Nature Phys},
  volume = {13},
  number = {6},
  eprint = {1606.07424},
  pages = {535--539},
  issn = {1745-2473, 1745-2481},
  doi = {10.1038/nphys4111},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1606.07424},
  urldate = {2021-06-15},
  abstract = {At sufficiently high temperature and energy density, nuclear matter undergoes a transition to a phase in which quarks and gluons are not confined: the Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP) [1]. Such an extreme state of strongly-interacting QCD (Quantum Chromo-Dynamics) matter is produced in the laboratory with high-energy collisions of heavy nuclei, where an enhanced production of strange hadrons is observed [2-6]. Strangeness enhancement, originally proposed as a signature of QGP formation in nuclear collisions [7], is more pronounced for multi-strange baryons. Several effects typical of heavy-ion phenomenology have been observed in high-multiplicity proton-proton (pp) collisions [8,9]. Yet, enhanced production of multi-strange particles has not been reported so far. Here we present the first observation of strangeness enhancement in high-multiplicity pp collisions. We find that the integrated yields of strange and multi-strange particles relative to pions increases significantly with the event charged-particle multiplicity. The measurements are in remarkable agreement with p-Pb collision results [10,11] indicating that the phenomenon is related to the final system created in the collision. In high-multiplicity events strangeness production reaches values similar to those observed in Pb-Pb collisions, where a QGP is formed.},
  archiveprefix = {arxiv},
  keywords = {High Energy Physics - Experiment,Nuclear Experiment},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/MLWQ7S5X/ALICE Collaboration - 2017 - Enhanced production of multi-strange hadrons in hi.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/5P273MJD/1606.html}
}

@article{alicecollaborationEnsuremathpEnsuremathMathrm2019,
  title = {$p\ensuremath{-}p, p\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}$, and $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}$ correlations studied via femtoscopy in $pp$ reactions at $\sqrt{s}=7\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{TeV}$},
  author = {{ALICE Collaboration} and Acharya, S. and Adamová, D. and Adolfsson, J. and Aggarwal, M. M. and Aglieri Rinella, G. and Agnello, M. and Agrawal, N. and Ahammed, Z. and Ahn, S. U. and Aiola, S. and Akindinov, A. and Al-Turany, M. and Alam, S. N. and Albuquerque, D. S. D. and Aleksandrov, D. and Alessandro, B. and Alfaro Molina, R. and Ali, Y. and Alici, A. and Alkin, A. and Alme, J. and Alt, T. and Altenkamper, L. and Altsybeev, I. and Anaam, M. N. and Andrei, C. and Andreou, D. and Andrews, H. A. and Andronic, A. and Angeletti, M. and Anguelov, V. and Anson, C. and Antičić, T. and Antinori, F. and Antonioli, P. and Anwar, R. and Apadula, N. and Aphecetche, L. and Appelshäuser, H. and Arcelli, S. and Arnaldi, R. and Arnold, O. W. and Arsene, I. C. and Arslandok, M. and Augustinus, A. and Averbeck, R. and Azmi, M. D. and Badalà, A. and Baek, Y. W. and Bagnasco, S. and Bailhache, R. and Bala, R. and Baldisseri, A. and Ball, M. and Baral, R. C. and Barbano, A. M. and Barbera, R. and Barile, F. and Barioglio, L. and Barnaföldi, G. G. and Barnby, L. S. and Barret, V. and Bartalini, P. and Barth, K. and Bartsch, E. and Bastid, N. and Basu, S. and Batigne, G. and Batyunya, B. and Batzing, P. C. and Bazo Alba, J. L. and Bearden, I. G. and Beck, H. and Bedda, C. and Behera, N. K. and Belikov, I. and Bellini, F. and Bello Martinez, H. and Bellwied, R. and Beltran, L. G. E. and Belyaev, V. and Bencedi, G. and Beole, S. and Bercuci, A. and Berdnikov, Y. and Berenyi, D. and Bertens, R. A. and Berzano, D. and Betev, L. and Bhaduri, P. P. and Bhasin, A. and Bhat, I. R. and Bhatt, H. and Bhattacharjee, B. and Bhom, J. and Bianchi, A. and Bianchi, L. and Bianchi, N. and Bielčík, J. and Bielčíková, J. and Bilandzic, A. and Biro, G. and Biswas, R. and Biswas, S. and Blair, J. T. and Blau, D. and Blume, C. and Boca, G. and Bock, F. and Bogdanov, A. and Boldizsár, L. and Bombara, M. and Bonomi, G. and Bonora, M. and Borel, H. and Borissov, A. and Borri, M. and Botta, E. and Bourjau, C. and Bratrud, L. and Braun-Munzinger, P. and Bregant, M. and Broker, T. A. and Broz, M. and Brucken, E. J. and Bruna, E. and Bruno, G. E. and Budnikov, D. and Buesching, H. and Bufalino, S. and Buhler, P. and Buncic, P. and Busch, O. and Buthelezi, Z. and Butt, J. B. and Buxton, J. T. and Cabala, J. and Caffarri, D. and Caines, H. and Caliva, A. and Calvo Villar, E. and Camacho, R. S. and Camerini, P. and Capon, A. A. and Carena, F. and Carena, W. and Carnesecchi, F. and Castillo Castellanos, J. and Castro, A. J. and Casula, E. A. R. and Ceballos Sanchez, C. and Chandra, S. and Chang, B. and Chang, W. and Chapeland, S. and Chartier, M. and Chattopadhyay, S. and Chattopadhyay, S. and Chauvin, A. and Cheshkov, C. and Cheynis, B. and Chibante Barroso, V. and Chinellato, D. D. and Cho, S. and Chochula, P. and Chowdhury, T. and Christakoglou, P. and Christensen, C. H. and Christiansen, P. and Chujo, T. and Chung, S. U. and Cicalo, C. and Cifarelli, L. and Cindolo, F. and Cleymans, J. and Colamaria, F. and Colella, D. and Collu, A. and Colocci, M. and Concas, M. and Conesa Balbastre, G. and Conesa del Valle, Z. and Contreras, J. G. and Cormier, T. M. and Corrales Morales, Y. and Cortese, P. and Cosentino, M. R. and Costa, F. and Costanza, S. and Crkovská, J. and Crochet, P. and Cuautle, E. and Cunqueiro, L. and Dahms, T. and Dainese, A. and Damas, F. P. A. and Dani, S. and Danisch, M. C. and Danu, A. and Das, D. and Das, I. and Das, S. and Dash, A. and Dash, S. and De, S. and De Caro, A. and de Cataldo, G. and de Conti, C. and de Cuveland, J. and De Falco, A. and De Gruttola, D. and De Marco, N. and De Pasquale, S. and De Souza, R. D. and Degenhardt, H. F. and Deisting, A. and Deloff, A. and Delsanto, S. and Deplano, C. and Dhankher, P. and Di Bari, D. and Di Mauro, A. and Di Ruzza, B. and Diaz, R. A. and Dietel, T. and Dillenseger, P. and Ding, Y. and Divià, R. and Djuvsland, Ø. and Dobrin, A. and Domenicis Gimenez, D. and Dönigus, B. and Dordic, O. and Doremalen, L. V. R. and Dubey, A. K. and Dubla, A. and Ducroux, L. and Dudi, S. and Duggal, A. K. and Dukhishyam, M. and Dupieux, P. and Ehlers, R. J. and Elia, D. and Endress, E. and Engel, H. and Epple, E. and Erazmus, B. and Erhardt, F. and Ersdal, M. R. and Espagnon, B. and Eulisse, G. and Eum, J. and Evans, D. and Evdokimov, S. and Fabbietti, L. and Faggin, M. and Faivre, J. and Fantoni, A. and Fasel, M. and Feldkamp, L. and Feliciello, A. and Feofilov, G. and Fernández Téllez, A. and Ferretti, A. and Festanti, A. and Feuillard, V. J. G. and Figiel, J. and Figueredo, M. A. S. and Filchagin, S. and Finogeev, D. and Fionda, F. M. and Fiorenza, G. and Flor, F. and Floris, M. and Foertsch, S. and Foka, P. and Fokin, S. and Fragiacomo, E. and Francescon, A. and Francisco, A. and Frankenfeld, U. and Fronze, G. G. and Fuchs, U. and Furget, C. and Furs, A. and Fusco Girard, M. and Gaardhøje, J. J. and Gagliardi, M. and Gago, A. M. and Gajdosova, K. and Gallio, M. and Galvan, C. D. and Ganoti, P. and Garabatos, C. and Garcia-Solis, E. and Garg, K. and Gargiulo, C. and Gasik, P. and Gauger, E. F. and Gay Ducati, M. B. and Germain, M. and Ghosh, J. and Ghosh, P. and Ghosh, S. K. and Gianotti, P. and Giubellino, P. and Giubilato, P. and Glässel, P. and Goméz Coral, D. M. and Gomez Ramirez, A. and Gonzalez, V. and González-Zamora, P. and Gorbunov, S. and Görlich, L. and Gotovac, S. and Grabski, V. and Graczykowski, L. K. and Graham, K. L. and Greiner, L. and Grelli, A. and Grigoras, C. and Grigoriev, V. and Grigoryan, A. and Grigoryan, S. and Gronefeld, J. M. and Grosa, F. and Grosse-Oetringhaus, J. F. and Grosso, R. and Guernane, R. and Guerzoni, B. and Guittiere, M. and Gulbrandsen, K. and Gunji, T. and Gupta, A. and Gupta, R. and Guzman, I. B. and Haake, R. and Habib, M. K. and Hadjidakis, C. and Hamagaki, H. and Hamar, G. and Hamid, M. and Hamon, J. C. and Hannigan, R. and Haque, M. R. and Harlenderova, A. and Harris, J. W. and Harton, A. and Hassan, H. and Hatzifotiadou, D. and Hayashi, S. and Heckel, S. T. and Hellbär, E. and Helstrup, H. and Herghelegiu, A. and Hernandez, E. G. and Herrera Corral, G. and Herrmann, F. and Hetland, K. F. and Hilden, T. E. and Hillemanns, H. and Hills, C. and Hippolyte, B. and Hohlweger, B. and Horak, D. and Hornung, S. and Hosokawa, R. and Hota, J. and Hristov, P. and Huang, C. and Hughes, C. and Huhn, P. and Humanic, T. J. and Hushnud, H. and Hussain, N. and Hussain, T. and Hutter, D. and Hwang, D. S. and Iddon, J. P. and Iga Buitron, S. A. and Ilkaev, R. and Inaba, M. and Ippolitov, M. and Islam, M. S. and Ivanov, M. and Ivanov, V. and Izucheev, V. and Jacak, B. and Jacazio, N. and Jacobs, P. M. and Jadhav, M. B. and Jadlovska, S. and Jadlovsky, J. and Jaelani, S. and Jahnke, C. and Jakubowska, M. J. and Janik, M. A. and Jena, C. and Jercic, M. and Jevons, O. and Jimenez Bustamante, R. T. and Jin, M. and Jones, P. G. and Jusko, A. and Kalinak, P. and Kalweit, A. and Kang, J. H. and Kaplin, V. and Kar, S. and Karasu Uysal, A. and Karavichev, O. and Karavicheva, T. and Karczmarczyk, P. and Karpechev, E. and Kebschull, U. and Keidel, R. and Keijdener, D. L. D. and Keil, M. and Ketzer, B. and Khabanova, Z. and Khan, A. M. and Khan, S. and Khan, S. A. and Khanzadeev, A. and Kharlov, Y. and Khatun, A. and Khuntia, A. and Kielbowicz, M. M. and Kileng, B. and Kim, B. and Kim, D. and Kim, D. J. and Kim, E. J. and Kim, H. and Kim, J. S. and Kim, J. and Kim, M. and Kim, S. and Kim, T. and Kim, T. and Kirsch, S. and Kisel, I. and Kiselev, S. and Kisiel, A. and Klay, J. L. and Klein, C. and Klein, J. and Klein-Bösing, C. and Klewin, S. and Kluge, A. and Knichel, M. L. and Knospe, A. G. and Kobdaj, C. and Kofarago, M. and Köhler, M. K. and Kollegger, T. and Kondratyeva, N. and Kondratyuk, E. and Konevskikh, A. and Konopka, P. J. and Konyushikhin, M. and Koska, L. and Kovalenko, O. and Kovalenko, V. and Kowalski, M. and Králik, I. and Kravčáková, A. and Kreis, L. and Krivda, M. and Krizek, F. and Krüger, M. and Kryshen, E. and Krzewicki, M. and Kubera, A. M. and Kučera, V. and Kuhn, C. and Kuijer, P. G. and Kumar, J. and Kumar, L. and Kumar, S. and Kundu, S. and Kurashvili, P. and Kurepin, A. and Kurepin, A. B. and Kuryakin, A. and Kushpil, S. and Kvapil, J. and Kweon, M. J. and Kwon, Y. and La Pointe, S. L. and La Rocca, P. and Lai, Y. S. and Lakomov, I. and Langoy, R. and Lapidus, K. and Lardeux, A. and Larionov, P. and Laudi, E. and Lavicka, R. and Lea, R. and Leardini, L. and Lee, S. and Lehas, F. and Lehner, S. and Lehrbach, J. and Lemmon, R. C. and León Monzón, I. and Lévai, P. and Li, X. and Li, X. L. and Lien, J. and Lietava, R. and Lim, B. and Lindal, S. and Lindenstruth, V. and Lindsay, S. W. and Lippmann, C. and Lisa, M. A. and Litichevskyi, V. and Liu, A. and Ljunggren, H. M. and Llope, W. J. and Lodato, D. F. and Loginov, V. and Loizides, C. and Loncar, P. and Lopez, X. and López Torres, E. and Lowe, A. and Luettig, P. and Luhder, J. R. and Lunardon, M. and Luparello, G. and Lupi, M. and Maevskaya, A. and Mager, M. and Mahmood, S. M. and Maire, A. and Majka, R. D. and Malaev, M. and Malik, Q. W. and Malinina, L. and Mal'Kevich, D. and Malzacher, P. and Mamonov, A. and Manko, V. and Manso, F. and Manzari, V. and Mao, Y. and Marchisone, M. and Mareš, J. and Margagliotti, G. V. and Margotti, A. and Margutti, J. and Marín, A. and Markert, C. and Marquard, M. and Martin, N. A. and Martinengo, P. and Martinez, J. L. and Martínez, M. 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C. and Zardoshti, N. and Zarochentsev, A. and Závada, P. and Zaviyalov, N. and Zbroszczyk, H. and Zhalov, M. and Zhang, X. and Zhang, Y. and Zhang, Z. and Zhao, C. and Zherebchevskii, V. and Zhigareva, N. and Zhou, D. and Zhou, Y. and Zhou, Z. and Zhu, H. and Zhu, J. and Zhu, Y. and Zichichi, A. and Zimmermann, M. B. and Zinovjev, G. and Zmeskal, J. and Zou, S.},
  year = {2019},
  month = feb,
  journal = {Phys. Rev. C},
  volume = {99},
  number = {2},
  pages = {024001},
  publisher = {American Physical Society},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRevC.99.024001},
  url = {https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevC.99.024001},
  urldate = {2021-04-19},
  abstract = {We report on the first femtoscopic measurement of baryon pairs, such as p−p, p−Λ, and Λ−Λ, measured by ALICE at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) in proton-proton collisions at √s=7TeV. This study demonstrates the feasibility of such measurements in pp collisions at ultrarelativistic energies. The femtoscopy method is employed to constrain the hyperon-nucleon and hyperon-hyperon interactions, which are still rather poorly understood. A new method to evaluate the influence of residual correlations induced by the decays of resonances and experimental impurities is hereby presented. The p−p, p−Λ, and Λ−Λ correlation functions were fitted simultaneously with the help of a new tool developed specifically for the femtoscopy analysis in small colliding systems: Correlation Analysis Tool using the Schrödinger equation (CATS). Within the assumption that in pp collisions the three particle pairs originate from a common source, its radius is found to be equal to r0=1.125±0.018(stat)+0.058−0.035(syst) fm. The sensitivity of the measured p−Λ correlation is tested against different scattering parameters, which are defined by the interaction among the two particles, but the statistics is not sufficient yet to discriminate among different models. The measurement of the Λ−Λ correlation function constrains the phase space spanned by the effective range and scattering length of the strong interaction. Discrepancies between the measured scattering parameters and the resulting correlation functions at LHC and RHIC energies are discussed in the context of various models.},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/EMSJQ3JT/ALICE Collaboration et al. - 2019 - $pensuremath - p, pensuremath - mathrm ensurem.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/MM32KUCC/PhysRevC.99.html}
}

@article{alicecollaborationExperimentalEvidenceAttractive2021,
  title = {Experimental Evidence for an Attractive P-\$\textbackslash phi\$ Interaction},
  author = {{ALICE Collaboration}},
  year = {2021},
  month = may,
  journal = {arXiv:2105.05578 [hep-ex, physics:nucl-ex]},
  eprint = {2105.05578},
  primaryclass = {hep-ex, physics:nucl-ex},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/2105.05578},
  urldate = {2021-05-14},
  abstract = {This Letter presents the first experimental evidence of the attractive strong interaction between a proton and a \$\textbackslash phi\$ meson. The result is obtained from two-particle correlations of combined p-\$\textbackslash phi \textbackslash oplus \textbackslash overline\{\textbackslash rm \{p\}\}\$-\$\textbackslash phi\$ pairs measured in high-multiplicity pp collisions at \$\textbackslash sqrt\{s\}\textasciitilde =\textasciitilde 13\$ TeV by the ALICE collaboration. The spin-averaged scattering length and effective range of the p-\$\textbackslash phi\$ interaction are extracted from the fully corrected correlation function employing the Lednick\textbackslash 'y-Lyuboshits approach. In particular, the imaginary part of the scattering length vanishes within uncertainties, indicating that inelastic processes do not play a prominent role for the p-\$\textbackslash phi\$ interaction. These data demonstrate that the interaction is dominated by elastic p-\$\textbackslash phi\$ scattering. Furthermore, an analysis employing phenomenological Gaussian- and Yukawa-type potentials is conducted. Under the assumption of the latter, the N-\$\textbackslash phi\$ coupling constant is found to be \$g\_\{\textbackslash rm\{N\}-\textbackslash phi\} = 0.14\textbackslash pm 0.03\textbackslash,(\textbackslash mathrm\{stat.\})\textbackslash pm 0.02\textbackslash,(\textbackslash mathrm\{syst.\})\$. This work provides valuable experimental input to accomplish a self-consistent description of the N-\$\textbackslash phi\$ interaction, which is particularly relevant for the more fundamental studies on partial restoration of chiral symmetry in nuclear medium.},
  archiveprefix = {arxiv},
  keywords = {High Energy Physics - Experiment,Nuclear Experiment},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/33IRTJGF/ALICE Collaboration - 2021 - Experimental evidence for an attractive p-$phi$ i.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/4YF9XSNT/2105.html}
}

@misc{alicecollaborationFirstMeasurementAbsorption2022,
  title = {First measurement of the absorption of $^{3}\overline{\rm He}$ nuclei in matter and impact on their propagation in the galaxy},
  author = {{ALICE Collaboration}},
  year = {2022},
  month = feb,
  number = {arXiv:2202.01549},
  eprint = {2202.01549},
  primaryclass = {astro-ph, physics:hep-ex, physics:nucl-ex},
  publisher = {arXiv},
  doi = {10.48550/arXiv.2202.01549},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/2202.01549},
  urldate = {2022-09-13},
  abstract = {Antimatter particles such as positrons and antiprotons abound in the cosmos. Much less common are light antinuclei, composed of antiprotons and antineutrons, which can be produced in our galaxy via high-energy cosmic-ray collisions with the interstellar medium or could also originate from the annihilation of the still undiscovered dark-matter particles. On Earth, the only way to produce and study antinuclei with high precision is to create them at high-energy particle accelerators like the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Though the properties of elementary antiparticles have been studied in detail, knowledge of the interaction of light antinuclei with matter is rather limited. This work focuses on the determination of the disappearance probability of \ahe\ when it encounters matter particles and annihilates or disintegrates. The material of the ALICE detector at the LHC serves as a target to extract the inelastic cross section for \ahe\ in the momentum range of $1.17 \leq p < 10$ GeV/$c$. This inelastic cross section is measured for the first time and is used as an essential input to calculations of the transparency of our galaxy to the propagation of $^{3}\overline{\rm He}$ stemming from dark-matter decays and cosmic-ray interactions within the interstellar medium. A transparency of about 50% is estimated using the GALPROP program for a specific dark-matter profile and a standard set of propagation parameters. For cosmic-ray sources, the obtained transparency with the same propagation scheme varies with increasing $^{3}\overline{\rm He}$ momentum from 25% to 90%. The absolute uncertainties associated to the $^{3}\overline{\rm He}$ inelastic cross section measurements are of the order of 10%$-$15%. The reported results indicate that $^{3}\overline{\rm He}$ nuclei can travel long distances in the galaxy, and can be used to study cosmic-ray interactions and dark-matter decays.},
  archiveprefix = {arxiv},
  keywords = {Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies,High Energy Physics - Experiment,Nuclear Experiment},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/2DVRQY5A/ALICE Collaboration - 2022 - First measurement of the absorption of $^ 3 overl.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/DTVG7QEY/2202.html}
}

@book{alicecollaborationFutureHighenergyPp2020,
  title = {Future High-Energy Pp Programme with {{ALICE}}},
  author = {{ALICE Collaboration}},
  year = {2020},
  month = jul,
  number = {ALICE-PUBLIC-2020-005 ; CERN-LHCC-2020-018 ; LHCC-G-179},
  abstract = {This document presents the proposal of the ALICE Collaboration for an extended data taking programme with high-energy proton-proton collisions (s{$\surd\approx$}13--14 TeV). The proposed programme includes two components: a sample with a target integrated luminosity of about 200 pb-1, for which a highly-selective software-based event skimming will be performed after data reconstruction, and a minimum bias sample with a target integrated luminosity of about 3 pb-1. The first sample targets several physics topics based on the selection of rare events, in particular with very high particle multiplicity or diffractive topologies, and/or rare signals, ranging from light nuclei and hyperons to heavy-quark hadrons and jets. The data processing and selection strategy exploits the new online-offline computing framework that is being prepared to process the Pb-Pb data samples. The second sample will be recorded with a reduced value of the ALICE solenoid magnetic field (0.2 T) and will be devoted to high-precision studies of low-mass dielectron pairs.},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Nuclear Physics - Experiment}
}

@misc{alicecollaborationGoingFlow2021,
  title = {Going with the Flow},
  author = {{ALICE Collaboration}},
  year = {2021},
  month = apr,
  journal = {CERN Courier},
  url = {https://cerncourier.com/a/going-with-the-flow/},
  urldate = {2021-04-30},
  abstract = {The ALICE experiment is making strides towards understanding how charm and beauty quarks flow within cooling droplets of quark\textendash gluon plasma at the LHC, shedding light on the extreme conditions of the early universe.},
  chapter = {Strong interactions},
  langid = {british},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/3GXB85WQ/going-with-the-flow.html}
}

@article{alicecollaborationK8922015,
  title = {${K}^{*}{(892)}^{0}$ and $\ensuremath{\phi}(1020)$ production in {Pb-Pb} collisions at $\sqrt{{s}_{NN}}=2.76$ {TeV}},
  author = {{ALICE Collaboration} and Abelev, B. and Adam, J. and Adamová, D. and Aggarwal, M. M. and Agnello, M. and Agostinelli, A. and Agrawal, N. and Ahammed, Z. and Ahmad, N. and Ahmad Masoodi, A. and Ahmed, I. and Ahn, S. U. and Ahn, S. A. and Aimo, I. and Aiola, S. and Ajaz, M. and Akindinov, A. and Aleksandrov, D. and Alessandro, B. and Alexandre, D. and Alici, A. and Alkin, A. and Alme, J. and Alt, T. and Altini, V. and Altinpinar, S. and Altsybeev, I. and Alves Garcia Prado, C. and Andrei, C. and Andronic, A. and Anguelov, V. and Anielski, J. and Antičić, T. and Antinori, F. and Antonioli, P. and Aphecetche, L. and Appelshäuser, H. and Arbor, N. and Arcelli, S. and Armesto, N. and Arnaldi, R. and Aronsson, T. and Arsene, I. C. and Arslandok, M. and Augustinus, A. and Averbeck, R. and Awes, T. C. and Azmi, M. D. and Bach, M. and Badalà, A. and Baek, Y. W. and Bagnasco, S. and Bailhache, R. and Bala, R. and Baldisseri, A. and Baltasar Dos Santos Pedrosa, F. and Baral, R. C. and Barbera, R. and Barile, F. and Barnaföldi, G. G. and Barnby, L. S. and Barret, V. and Bartke, J. and Basile, M. and Bastid, N. and Basu, S. and Bathen, B. and Batigne, G. and Batyunya, B. and Batzing, P. C. and Baumann, C. and Bearden, I. G. and Beck, H. and Bedda, C. and Behera, N. K. and Belikov, I. and Bellini, F. and Bellwied, R. and Belmont-Moreno, E. and Bencedi, G. and Beole, S. and Berceanu, I. and Bercuci, A. and Berdnikov, Y. and Berenyi, D. and Bertens, R. A. and Berzano, D. and Betev, L. and Bhasin, A. and Bhat, I. R. and Bhati, A. K. and Bhattacharjee, B. and Bhom, J. and Bianchi, L. and Bianchi, N. and Bianchin, C. and Bielčík, J. and Bielčíková, J. and Bilandzic, A. and Bjelogrlic, S. and Blanco, F. and Blau, D. and Blume, C. and Bock, F. and Bogdanov, A. and Bøggild, H. and Bogolyubsky, M. and Boldizsár, L. and Bombara, M. and Book, J. and Borel, H. and Borissov, A. and Bossú, F. and Botje, M. and Botta, E. and Böttger, S. and Braun-Munzinger, P. and Bregant, M. and Breitner, T. and Broker, T. A. and Browning, T. A. and Broz, M. and Bruna, E. and Bruno, G. E. and Budnikov, D. and Buesching, H. and Bufalino, S. and Buncic, P. and Busch, O. and Buthelezi, Z. and Caffarri, D. and Cai, X. and Caines, H. and Caliva, A. and Calvo Villar, E. and Camerini, P. and Carena, F. and Carena, W. and Castillo Castellanos, J. and Casula, E. A. R. and Catanescu, V. and Cavicchioli, C. and Ceballos Sanchez, C. and Cepila, J. and Cerello, P. and Chang, B. and Chapeland, S. and Charvet, J. L. and Chattopadhyay, S. and Chattopadhyay, S. and Chelnokov, V. and Cherney, M. and Cheshkov, C. and Cheynis, B. and Chibante Barroso, V. and Chinellato, D. D. and Chochula, P. and Chojnacki, M. and Choudhury, S. and Christakoglou, P. and Christensen, C. H. and Christiansen, P. and Chujo, T. and Chung, S. U. and Cicalo, C. and Cifarelli, L. and Cindolo, F. and Cleymans, J. and Colamaria, F. and Colella, D. and Collu, A. and Colocci, M. and Conesa Balbastre, G. and Conesa del Valle, Z. and Connors, M. E. and Contreras, J. G. and Cormier, T. M. and Corrales Morales, Y. and Cortese, P. and Cortés Maldonado, I. and Cosentino, M. R. and Costa, F. and Crochet, P. and Cruz Albino, R. and Cuautle, E. and Cunqueiro, L. and Dainese, A. and Dang, R. and Danu, A. and Das, D. and Das, I. and Das, K. and Das, S. and Dash, A. and Dash, S. and De, S. and Delagrange, H. and Deloff, A. and Dénes, E. and D'Erasmo, G. and De Caro, A. and de Cataldo, G. and de Cuveland, J. and De Falco, A. and De Gruttola, D. and De Marco, N. and De Pasquale, S. and de Rooij, R. and Diaz Corchero, M. A. and Dietel, T. and Divià, R. and Di Bari, D. and Di Liberto, S. and Di Mauro, A. and Di Nezza, P. and Djuvsland, Ø. and Dobrin, A. and Dobrowolski, T. and Domenicis Gimenez, D. and Dönigus, B. and Dordic, O. and Dubey, A. K. and Dubla, A. and Ducroux, L. and Dupieux, P. and Dutta Majumdar, A. K. and Ehlers, R. J. and Elia, D. and Engel, H. and Erazmus, B. and Erdal, H. 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  year = {2015},
  month = feb,
  journal = {Phys. Rev. C},
  volume = {91},
  number = {2},
  pages = {024609},
  publisher = {American Physical Society},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRevC.91.024609},
  url = {https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevC.91.024609},
  urldate = {2023-07-24},
  abstract = {The yields of the K∗(892)0 and ϕ(1020) resonances are measured in Pb-Pb collisions at √sNN=2.76 TeV through their hadronic decays using the ALICE detector. The measurements are performed in multiple centrality intervals at mid-rapidity (|y|<0.5) in the transverse-momentum ranges 0.3<pT<5 GeV/c for the K∗(892)0 and 0.5<pT<5 GeV/c for the ϕ(1020). The yields of K∗(892)0 are suppressed in central Pb-Pb collisions with respect to pp and peripheral Pb-Pb collisions (perhaps due to rescattering of its decay products in the hadronic medium), while the longer-lived ϕ(1020) meson is not suppressed. These particles are also used as probes to study the mechanisms of particle production. The shape of the pT distribution of the ϕ(1020) meson, but not its yield, is reproduced fairly well by hydrodynamic models for central Pb-Pb collisions. In central Pb-Pb collisions at low and intermediate pT, the p/ϕ(1020) ratio is flat in pT, while the p/π and ϕ(1020)/π ratios show a pronounced increase and have similar shapes to each other. These results indicate that the shapes of the pT distributions of these particles in central Pb-Pb collisions are determined predominantly by the particle masses and radial flow. Finally, ϕ(1020) production in Pb-Pb collisions is enhanced, with respect to the yield in pp collisions and the yield of charged pions, by an amount similar to the Λ and Ξ.},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/MXNRY4CT/ALICE Collaboration et al. - 2015 - $ K ^ (892) ^ 0 $ and $ensuremath phi (1020)$.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/Z6VSQFRJ/PhysRevC.91.html}
}

@article{alicecollaborationMeasurementInelasticSingle2013,
  title = {Measurement of Inelastic, Single- and Double-Diffraction Cross Sections in Proton-Proton Collisions at the {{LHC}} with {{ALICE}}},
  author = {{ALICE Collaboration}},
  year = {2013},
  month = jun,
  journal = {Eur. Phys. J. C},
  volume = {73},
  number = {6},
  eprint = {1208.4968},
  primaryclass = {hep-ex},
  pages = {2456},
  issn = {1434-6044, 1434-6052},
  doi = {10.1140/epjc/s10052-013-2456-0},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1208.4968},
  urldate = {2023-06-25},
  abstract = {Measurements of cross sections of inelastic and diffractive processes in proton--proton collisions at LHC energies were carried out with the ALICE detector. The fractions of diffractive processes in inelastic collisions were determined from a study of gaps in charged particle pseudorapidity distributions: for single diffraction (diffractive mass \$M\_X {$<$} 200\$ GeV/\$c\^2\$) \$\textbackslash sigma\_\{\textbackslash rm SD\}/\textbackslash sigma\_\{\textbackslash rm INEL\} = 0.21 \textbackslash pm 0.03, 0.20\^\{+0.07\}\_\{-0.08\}\$, and \$0.20\^\{+0.04\}\_\{-0.07\}\$, respectively at centre-of-mass energies \$\textbackslash sqrt\{s\} = 0.9, 2.76\$, and 7\textasciitilde TeV; for double diffraction (for a pseudorapidity gap \$\textbackslash Delta\textbackslash eta {$>$} 3\$) \$\textbackslash sigma\_\{\textbackslash rm DD\}/\textbackslash sigma\_\{\textbackslash rm INEL\} = 0.11 \textbackslash pm 0.03, 0.12 \textbackslash pm 0.05\$, and \$0.12\^\{+0.05\}\_\{-0.04\}\$, respectively at \$\textbackslash sqrt\{s\} = 0.9, 2.76\$, and 7\textasciitilde TeV. To measure the inelastic cross section, beam properties were determined with van der Meer scans, and, using a simulation of diffraction adjusted to data, the following values were obtained: \$\textbackslash sigma\_\{\textbackslash rm INEL\} = 62.8\^\{+2.4\}\_\{-4.0\} (model) \textbackslash pm 1.2 (lumi)\$ mb at \$\textbackslash sqrt\{s\} =\$ 2.76\textasciitilde TeV and \$73.2\^\{+2.0\}\_\{-4.6\} (model) \textbackslash pm 2.6 (lumi)\$ mb at \$\textbackslash sqrt\{s\}\$ = 7\textasciitilde TeV. The single- and double-diffractive cross sections were calculated combining relative rates of diffraction with inelastic cross sections. The results are compared to previous measurements at proton--antiproton and proton--proton colliders at lower energies, to measurements by other experiments at the LHC, and to theoretical models.},
  archiveprefix = {arxiv},
  keywords = {High Energy Physics - Experiment},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/9X4TPJTJ/ALICE Collaboration - 2013 - Measurement of inelastic, single- and double-diffr.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/757QSP76/1208.html}
}

@article{alicecollaborationMeasurementPionKaon2015,
  title = {Measurement of pion, kaon and proton production in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=7$ TeV},
  author = {{ALICE Collaboration}},
  year = {2015},
  month = oct,
  journal = {arXiv:1504.00024 [hep-ex, physics:nucl-ex]},
  eprint = {1504.00024},
  primaryclass = {hep-ex, physics:nucl-ex},
  doi = {10.1140/epjc/s10052-015-3422-9},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1504.00024},
  urldate = {2021-04-26},
  abstract = {The measurement of primary $\pi^{\pm}$, K$^{\pm}$, p and $\overline{p}$ production at mid-rapidity ($|y| <$ 0.5) in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 7$ TeV performed with ALICE (A Large Ion Collider Experiment) at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is reported. Particle identification is performed using the specific ionization energy loss and time-of-flight information, the ring-imaging Cherenkov technique and the kink-topology identification of weak decays of charged kaons. Transverse momentum spectra are measured from 0.1 up to 3 GeV/$c$ for pions, from 0.2 up to 6 GeV/$c$ for kaons and from 0.3 up to 6 GeV/$c$ for protons. The measured spectra and particle ratios are compared with QCD-inspired models, tuned to reproduce also the earlier measurements performed at the LHC. Furthermore, the integrated particle yields and ratios as well as the average transverse momenta are compared with results at lower collision energies.},
  archiveprefix = {arxiv},
  keywords = {High Energy Physics - Experiment,Nuclear Experiment},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/L2LD4LLL/ALICE Collaboration - 2015 - Measurement of pion, kaon and proton production in.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/46W6JQBT/1504.html}
}

@misc{alicecollaborationMeasurementVeryForward2021,
  title = {Measurement of Very Forward Energy and Particle Production at Midrapidity in Pp and P-{{Pb}} Collisions at the {{LHC}}},
  author = {{ALICE Collaboration}},
  year = {2021},
  month = jul,
  number = {arXiv:2107.10757},
  eprint = {2107.10757},
  primaryclass = {hep-ex, physics:nucl-ex},
  publisher = {{arXiv}},
  doi = {10.48550/arXiv.2107.10757},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/2107.10757},
  urldate = {2022-06-11},
  abstract = {The very forward energy is a powerful tool for characterising the proton fragmentation in pp and p-Pb collisions and, studied in correlation with particle production at midrapidity, provides direct insightsinto the initial stages and the subsequent evolution of the collision. Furthermore, the correlation between the forward energy and the production of particles with large transverse momenta at midrapidity provides information complementary to the measurements of the underlying event, which are usually interpreted in the framework of models implementing centrality-dependent multiple parton interaction. Results about the very forward energy, measured by the ALICE zero degree calorimeters (ZDC), and its dependence on the activity measured at midrapidity in pp collisions at \$\textbackslash sqrt\{s\} = 13\$ TeV and in p-Pb collisions at \$\textbackslash sqrt\{s\_\{\textbackslash rm NN\}\} = 8.16\$ TeV are presented and discussed. The measurements performed in pp collisions are compared with the expectations of three hadronic interaction event generators: PYTHIA 6 (Perugia 2011 tune), PYTHIA 8 (Monash tune), and EPOS LHC. These results provide new constraints on the validity of models in describing the beam remnants at very forward rapidities, where perturbative QCD cannot be used.},
  archiveprefix = {arxiv},
  keywords = {High Energy Physics - Experiment,Nuclear Experiment},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/V4939YFP/ALICE Collaboration - 2021 - Measurement of very forward energy and particle pr.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/F883FA6K/2107.html}
}

@article{alicecollaborationMultiplicityDependenceK2019,
  title = {Multiplicity dependence of {K}$^{*}\text{(892)}^{0}$ and $\phi\text{(1020)}$ production in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 {TeV}},
  author = {{ALICE Collaboration}},
  year = {2019},
  month = oct,
  journal = {arXiv:1910.14397 [hep-ex, physics:nucl-ex]},
  eprint = {1910.14397},
  primaryclass = {hep-ex, physics:nucl-ex},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1910.14397},
  urldate = {2021-04-28},
  abstract = {Measurements of identified hadrons as a function of the charged-particle multiplicity in pp collisions enable a search for the onset of collective effects in small collision systems. With such measurements, it is possible to study the mechanisms that determine the shapes of hadron transverse momentum ($p_{\rm{T}}$) spectra, to search for possible modifications of the yields of short-lived hadronic resonances due to scattering effects in the hadron-gas phase, and to investigate different explanations for the multiplicity evolution of strangeness production provided by phenomenological models. In this paper, these topics are addressed through measurements of the $\rm{K}^{*}(892)^{0}$ and $\phi(1020)$ mesons at midrapidity in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV as a function of the charged-particle multiplicity. The results include the $p_{\rm{T}}$ spectra, $p_{\rm{T}}$-integrated yields, mean transverse momenta, and the ratios of the yields of these resonances to those of longer-lived hadrons. Comparisons with results from other collision systems and energies, as well as predictions from phenomenological models, are also discussed.},
  archiveprefix = {arxiv},
  keywords = {High Energy Physics - Experiment,Nuclear Experiment},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/B8PYLD59/ALICE Collaboration - 2019 - Multiplicity dependence of K(892)$^ 0 $ and $phi.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/G29JVAGJ/1910.html}
}

@article{alicecollaborationMultiplicityDependenceLightflavor2019,
  title = {Multiplicity dependence of light-flavor hadron production in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 7 {TeV}},
  author = {{ALICE Collaboration}},
  year = {2019},
  month = feb,
  journal = {Phys. Rev. C},
  volume = {99},
  number = {2},
  eprint = {1807.11321},
  pages = {024906},
  issn = {2469-9985, 2469-9993},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRevC.99.024906},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1807.11321},
  urldate = {2021-03-20},
  abstract = {Comprehensive results on the production of unidentified charged particles, $\pi^{\pm}$, $\rm{K}^{\pm}$, $\rm{K}^{0}_{S}$, $\rm{K}$*(892)$^{0}$, $\rm{p}$, $\overline{\rm{p}}$, $\phi$(1020), $\Lambda$, $\overline{\Lambda}$, $\Xi^{-}$, $\overline{\Xi}^{+}$, $\Omega^{-}$ and $\overline{\Omega}^{+}$ hadrons in proton-proton (pp) collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 7 TeV at midrapidity ($|y| < 0.5$) as a function of charged-particle multiplicity density are presented. In order to avoid auto-correlation biases, the actual transverse momentum ($p_{\rm{T}}$) spectra of the particles under study and the event activity are measured in different rapidity windows. In the highest multiplicity class, the charged-particle density reaches about 3.5 times the value measured in inelastic collisions. While the yield of protons normalized to pions remains approximately constant as a function of multiplicity, the corresponding ratios of strange hadrons to pions show a significant enhancement that increases with increasing strangeness content. Furthermore, all identified particle to pion ratios are shown to depend solely on charged-particle multiplicity density, regardless of system type and collision energy. The evolution of the spectral shapes with multiplicity and hadron mass shows patterns that are similar to those observed in p-Pb and Pb-Pb collisions at LHC energies. The obtained $p_{\rm{T}}$ distributions and yields are compared to expectations from QCD-based pp event generators as well as to predictions from thermal and hydrodynamic models. These comparisons indicate that traces of a collective, equilibrated system are already present in high-multiplicity pp collisions.},
  archiveprefix = {arxiv},
  keywords = {High Energy Physics - Experiment,Nuclear Experiment},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/5JZCMI48/ALICE Collaboration - 2019 - Multiplicity dependence of light-flavor hadron pro.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/M8CSSYB3/1807.html}
}

@article{alicecollaborationMultiplicityDependenceMulti2020,
  title = {Multiplicity dependence of (multi-)strange hadron production in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 {TeV}},
  author = {{ALICE Collaboration}},
  year = {2020},
  month = feb,
  journal = {Eur. Phys. J. C},
  volume = {80},
  number = {2},
  eprint = {1908.01861},
  pages = {167},
  issn = {1434-6044, 1434-6052},
  doi = {10.1140/epjc/s10052-020-7673-8},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1908.01861},
  urldate = {2021-04-28},
  abstract = {The production rates and the transverse momentum distribution of strange hadrons at mid-rapidity ($\ |y\ | < 0.5$) are measured in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV as a function of the charged particle multiplicity, using the ALICE detector at the LHC. The production rates of $\rm{K}^{0}_{S}$, $\Lambda$, $\Xi$, and $\Omega$ increase with the multiplicity faster than what is reported for inclusive charged particles. The increase is found to be more pronounced for hadrons with a larger strangeness content. Possible auto-correlations between the charged particles and the strange hadrons are evaluated by measuring the event-activity with charged particle multiplicity estimators covering different pseudorapidity regions. When comparing to lower energy results, the yields of strange hadrons are found to depend only on the mid-rapidity charged particle multiplicity. Several features of the data are reproduced qualitatively by general purpose QCD Monte Carlo models that take into account the effect of densely-packed QCD strings in high multiplicity collisions. However, none of the tested models reproduce the data quantitatively. This work corroborates and extends the ALICE findings on strangeness production in proton-proton collisions at 7 TeV.},
  archiveprefix = {arxiv},
  keywords = {High Energy Physics - Experiment,Nuclear Experiment},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/A3K3BQTH/ALICE Collaboration - 2020 - Multiplicity dependence of (multi-)strange hadron .pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/38KGDLW5/1908.html}
}

@article{alicecollaborationMultiplicityDependencePion2014,
  title = {Multiplicity Dependence of Pion, Kaon, Proton and Lambda Production in p-Pb Collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 5.02 TeV},
  author = {{ALICE Collaboration}},
  year = {2014},
  month = jan,
  journal = {Physics Letters B},
  volume = {728},
  eprint = {1307.6796},
  pages = {25-38},
  issn = {03702693},
  doi = {10.1016/j.physletb.2013.11.020},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1307.6796},
  urldate = {2021-04-13},
  abstract = {In this Letter, comprehensive results on ${\rm\pi}^\pm$, K$^\pm$, K$^0_S$, p, $\rm\bar{p}$, $\rm \Lambda$ and $\rm \bar{\Lambda}$ production at mid-rapidity ($0 < y_{\rm cms} < 0.5$) in p-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}} = 5.02$ TeV, measured by the ALICE detector at the LHC, are reported. The transverse momentum distributions exhibit a hardening as a function of event multiplicity, which is stronger for heavier particles. This behavior is similar to what has been observed in pp and Pb-Pb collisions at the LHC. The measured $p_{\rm T}$ distributions are compared to results at lower energy and with predictions based on QCD-inspired and hydrodynamic models.},
  archiveprefix = {arxiv},
  keywords = {High Energy Physics - Experiment,Nuclear Experiment},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/62GYELDJ/ALICE Collaboration - 2014 - Multiplicity Dependence of Pion, Kaon, Proton and .pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/DSXH9QS6/1307.html}
}

@article{alicecollaborationMultiplicityTransverseMomentum2016,
  title = {Multiplicity and Transverse Momentum Evolution of Charge-Dependent Correlations in Pp, p-{{Pb}}, and {{Pb-Pb}} Collisions at the {{LHC}}},
  author = {{ALICE Collaboration}},
  year = {2016},
  month = feb,
  journal = {Eur. Phys. J. C},
  volume = {76},
  number = {2},
  eprint = {1509.07255},
  pages = {86},
  issn = {1434-6044, 1434-6052},
  doi = {10.1140/epjc/s10052-016-3915-1},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1509.07255},
  urldate = {2021-08-25},
  abstract = {We report on two-particle charge-dependent correlations in pp, p-Pb, and Pb-Pb collisions as a function of the pseudorapidity and azimuthal angle difference, \$\textbackslash mathrm\{\textbackslash Delta\}\textbackslash eta\$ and \$\textbackslash mathrm\{\textbackslash Delta\}\textbackslash varphi\$ respectively. These correlations are studied using the balance function that probes the charge creation time and the development of collectivity in the produced system. The dependence of the balance function on the event multiplicity as well as on the trigger and associated particle transverse momentum (\$p\_\{\textbackslash mathrm\{T\}\}\$) in pp, p-Pb, and Pb-Pb collisions at \$\textbackslash sqrt\{s\_\{\textbackslash mathrm\{NN\}\}\} = 7\$, 5.02, and 2.76 TeV, respectively, are presented. In the low transverse momentum region, for \$0.2 {$<$} p\_\{\textbackslash mathrm\{T\}\} {$<$} 2.0\$ GeV/\$c\$, the balance function becomes narrower in both \$\textbackslash mathrm\{\textbackslash Delta\}\textbackslash eta\$ and \$\textbackslash mathrm\{\textbackslash Delta\}\textbackslash varphi\$ directions in all three systems for events with higher multiplicity. The experimental findings favor models that either incorporate some collective behavior (e.g. AMPT) or different mechanisms that lead to effects that resemble collective behavior (e.g. PYTHIA8 with color reconnection). For higher values of transverse momenta the balance function becomes even narrower but exhibits no multiplicity dependence, indicating that the observed narrowing with increasing multiplicity at low \$p\_\{\textbackslash mathrm\{T\}\}\$ is a feature of bulk particle production.},
  archiveprefix = {arxiv},
  keywords = {High Energy Physics - Experiment,Nuclear Experiment},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/WTAEZZWF/ALICE Collaboration - 2016 - Multiplicity and transverse momentum evolution of .pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/VKD8N5PL/1509.html}
}

@misc{alicecollaborationOverviewCollaboration2023,
  title = {Overview of the {{Collaboration}}},
  author = {{ALICE Collaboration}},
  year = {2023},
  url = {https://alice-collaboration.web.cern.ch/general-information},
  urldate = {2023-03-14},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/3TAJRVCF/general-information.html}
}

@article{alicecollaborationPerformanceALICEExperiment2014,
  title = {Performance of the {{ALICE Experiment}} at the {{CERN LHC}}},
  author = {{ALICE Collaboration}},
  year = {2014},
  month = sep,
  journal = {Int. J. Mod. Phys. A},
  volume = {29},
  number = {24},
  eprint = {1402.4476},
  pages = {1430044},
  issn = {0217-751X, 1793-656X},
  doi = {10.1142/S0217751X14300440},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1402.4476},
  urldate = {2021-08-19},
  abstract = {ALICE is the heavy-ion experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. The experiment continuously took data during the first physics campaign of the machine from fall 2009 until early 2013, using proton and lead-ion beams. In this paper we describe the running environment and the data handling procedures, and discuss the performance of the ALICE detectors and analysis methods for various physics observables.},
  archiveprefix = {arxiv},
  keywords = {High Energy Physics - Experiment,Nuclear Experiment},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/EX2GD3GJ/ALICE Collaboration - 2014 - Performance of the ALICE Experiment at the CERN LH.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/MUKV3CHH/1402.html}
}

@article{alicecollaborationPerformanceALICEVZERO2013,
  title = {Performance of the {{ALICE VZERO}} System},
  author = {{ALICE Collaboration}},
  year = {2013},
  month = oct,
  journal = {J. Inst.},
  volume = {8},
  number = {10},
  eprint = {1306.3130},
  pages = {P10016-P10016},
  issn = {1748-0221},
  doi = {10.1088/1748-0221/8/10/P10016},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1306.3130},
  urldate = {2021-08-26},
  abstract = {ALICE is an LHC experiment devoted to the study of strongly interacting matter in proton-proton, proton--nucleus and nucleus-nucleus collisions at ultra-relativistic energies. The ALICE VZERO system, made of two scintillator arrays at asymmetric positions, one on each side of the interaction point, plays a central role in ALICE. In addition to its core function as a trigger, the VZERO system is used to monitor LHC beam conditions, to reject beam-induced backgrounds and to measure basic physics quantities such as luminosity, particle multiplicity, centrality and event plane direction in nucleus-nucleus collisions. After describing the VZERO system, this publication presents its performance over more than four years of operation at the LHC.},
  archiveprefix = {arxiv},
  keywords = {Nuclear Experiment},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/WXBP9BMN/ALICE Collaboration - 2013 - Performance of the ALICE VZERO system.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/KBP6U3LV/1306.html}
}

@article{alicecollaborationProductionLightflavorHadrons2021,
  title = {Production of light-flavor hadrons in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}~=~7\text { and }\sqrt{s} = 13 \, \text { TeV} $},
  author = {{ALICE Collaboration} and Acharya, S. and Adamová, D. and Adler, A. and Adolfsson, J. and Aggarwal, M. M. and Rinella, G. Aglieri and Agnello, M. and Agrawal, N. and Ahammed, Z. and Ahmad, S. and Ahn, S. U. and Akindinov, A. and Al-Turany, M. and Alam, S. N. and Albuquerque, D. S. D. and Aleksandrov, D. and Alessandro, B. and Alfanda, H. M. and Molina, R. Alfaro and Ali, B. and Ali, Y. and Alici, A. and Alkin, A. and Alme, J. and Alt, T. and Altenkamper, L. and Altsybeev, I. and Anaam, M. N. and Andrei, C. and Andreou, D. and Andrews, H. A. and Andronic, A. and Angeletti, M. and Anguelov, V. and Anson, C. and Antičić, T. and Antinori, F. and Antonioli, P. and Apadula, N. and Aphecetche, L. and Appelshäuser, H. and Arcelli, S. and Arnaldi, R. and Arratia, M. and Arsene, I. C. and Arslandok, M. and Augustinus, A. and Averbeck, R. and Aziz, S. and Azmi, M. D. and Badalà, A. and Baek, Y. W. and Bagnasco, S. and Bai, X. and Bailhache, R. and Bala, R. and Balbino, A. and Baldisseri, A. and Ball, M. and Balouza, S. and Banerjee, D. and Barbera, R. and Barioglio, L. and Barnaföldi, G. G. and Barnby, L. S. and Barret, V. and Bartalini, P. and Barth, K. and Bartsch, E. and Baruffaldi, F. and Bastid, N. and Basu, S. and Batigne, G. and Batyunya, B. and Bauri, D. and Alba, J. L. Bazo and Bearden, I. G. and Beattie, C. and Bedda, C. and Behera, N. K. and Belikov, I. and Hechavarria, A. D. C. Bell and Bellini, F. and Bellwied, R. and Belyaev, V. and Bencedi, G. and Beole, S. and Bercuci, A. and Berdnikov, Y. and Berenyi, D. and Bertens, R. A. and Berzano, D. and Besoiu, M. G. and Betev, L. and Bhasin, A. and Bhat, I. R. and Bhat, M. A. and Bhatt, H. and Bhattacharjee, B. and Bianchi, A. and Bianchi, L. and Bianchi, N. and Bielčík, J. and Bielčíková, J. and Bilandzic, A. and Biro, G. and Biswas, R. and Biswas, S. and Blair, J. T. and Blau, D. and Blume, C. and Boca, G. and Bock, F. and Bogdanov, A. and Boi, S. and Boldizsár, L. and Bolozdynya, A. and Bombara, M. and Bonomi, G. and Borel, H. and Borissov, A. and Bossi, H. and Botta, E. and Bratrud, L. and Braun-Munzinger, P. and Bregant, M. and Broz, M. and Bruna, E. and Bruno, G. E. and Buckland, M. D. and Budnikov, D. and Buesching, H. and Bufalino, S. and Bugnon, O. and Buhler, P. and Buncic, P. and Buthelezi, Z. and Butt, J. B. and Buxton, J. T. and Bysiak, S. A. and Caffarri, D. and Caliva, A. and Villar, E. Calvo and Camacho, R. S. and Camerini, P. and Capon, A. A. and Carnesecchi, F. and Caron, R. and Castillo Castellanos, J. and Castro, A. J. and Casula, E. A. R. and Catalano, F. and Sanchez, C. Ceballos and Chakraborty, P. and Chandra, S. and Chang, W. and Chapeland, S. and Chartier, M. and Chattopadhyay, S. and Chattopadhyay, S. and Chauvin, A. and Cheshkov, C. and Cheynis, B. and Barroso, V. Chibante and Chinellato, D. D. and Cho, S. and Chochula, P. and Chowdhury, T. and Christakoglou, P. and Christensen, C. H. and Christiansen, P. and Chujo, T. and Cicalo, C. and Cifarelli, L. and Cindolo, F. and Clai, G. and Cleymans, J. and Colamaria, F. and Colella, D. and Collu, A. and Colocci, M. and Concas, M. and Balbastre, G. Conesa and del Valle, Z. Conesa and Contin, G. and Contreras, J. G. and Cormier, T. M. and Corrales Morales, Y. and Cortese, P. and Cosentino, M. R. and Costa, F. and Costanza, S. and Crochet, P. and Cuautle, E. and Cui, P. and Cunqueiro, L. and Dabrowski, D. and Dahms, T. and Dainese, A. and Damas, F. P. A. and Danisch, M. C. and Danu, A. and Das, D. and Das, I. and Das, P. and Das, P. and Das, S. and Dash, A. and Dash, S. and De, S. and De Caro, A. and de Cataldo, G. and de Cuveland, J. and De Falco, A. and De Gruttola, D. and De Marco, N. and De Pasquale, S. and Deb, S. and Degenhardt, H. F. and Deja, K. R. and Deloff, A. and Delsanto, S. and Deng, W. and Devetak, D. and Dhankher, P. and Di Bari, D. and Di Mauro, A. and Diaz, R. A. and Dietel, T. and Dillenseger, P. and Ding, Y. and Divià, R. and Dixit, D. U. and Djuvsland, Ø. and Dmitrieva, U. and Dobrin, A. and Dönigus, B. and Dordic, O. and Dubey, A. K. and Dubla, A. and Dudi, S. and Dukhishyam, M. and Dupieux, P. and Ehlers, R. J. and Eikeland, V. N. and Elia, D. and Epple, E. and Erazmus, B. and Erhardt, F. and Erokhin, A. and Ersdal, M. R. and Espagnon, B. and Eulisse, G. and Evans, D. and Evdokimov, S. and Fabbietti, L. and Faggin, M. and Faivre, J. and Fan, F. and Fantoni, A. and Fasel, M. and Fecchio, P. and Feliciello, A. and Feofilov, G. and Fernández Téllez, A. and Ferrero, A. and Ferretti, A. and Festanti, A. and Feuillard, V. J. G. and Figiel, J. and Filchagin, S. and Finogeev, D. and Fionda, F. M. and Fiorenza, G. and Flor, F. and Foertsch, S. and Foka, P. and Fokin, S. and Fragiacomo, E. and Frankenfeld, U. and Fuchs, U. and Furget, C. and Furs, A. and Fusco Girard, M. and Gaardhøje, J. J. and Gagliardi, M. and Gago, A. M. and Gal, A. and Galvan, C. D. and Ganoti, P. and Garabatos, C. and Garcia-Solis, E. and Garg, K. and Gargiulo, C. and Garibli, A. and Garner, K. and Gasik, P. and Gauger, E. F. and Gay Ducati, M. B.},
  year = {2021},
  month = mar,
  journal = {Eur. Phys. J. C},
  volume = {81},
  number = {3},
  pages = {256},
  issn = {1434-6052},
  doi = {10.1140/epjc/s10052-020-08690-5},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-020-08690-5},
  urldate = {2023-07-24},
  abstract = {The production of $$\pi ^{\pm }$$, $$\mathrm{K}^{\pm }$$, $$\mathrm{K}^{0}_{S}$$, $$\mathrm{K}^{*}(892)^{0}$$, $$\mathrm{p}$$, $$\phi (1020)$$, $$\Lambda $$, $$\Xi ^{-}$$, $$\Omega ^{-}$$, and their antiparticles was measured in inelastic proton–proton (pp) collisions at a center-of-mass energy of $$\sqrt{s}$$= 13 TeV at midrapidity ($$|y|<0.5$$) as a function of transverse momentum ($$p_{\mathrm{T}}$$) using the ALICE detector at the CERN LHC. Furthermore, the single-particle $$p_{\mathrm{T}}$$distributions of $$\mathrm{K}^{0}_{S}$$, $$\Lambda $$, and $$\overline{\Lambda }$$in inelastic pp collisions at $$\sqrt{s} = 7$$ TeV are reported here for the first time. The $$p_{\mathrm{T}}$$distributions are studied at midrapidity within the transverse momentum range $$0\le p_{\mathrm{T}}\le 20$$GeV/c, depending on the particle species. The $$p_{\mathrm{T}}$$spectra, integrated yields, and particle yield ratios are discussed as a function of collision energy and compared with measurements at lower $$\sqrt{s}$$and with results from various general-purpose QCD-inspired Monte Carlo models. A hardening of the spectra at high $$p_{\mathrm{T}}$$with increasing collision energy is observed, which is similar for all particle species under study. The transverse mass and $$x_{\mathrm{T}}\equiv 2p_{\mathrm{T}}/\sqrt{s}$$scaling properties of hadron production are also studied. As the collision energy increases from $$\sqrt{s}$$= 7–13 TeV, the yields of non- and single-strange hadrons normalized to the pion yields remain approximately constant as a function of $$\sqrt{s}$$, while ratios for multi-strange hadrons indicate enhancements. The $$p_\mathrm{{T}}$$-differential cross sections of $$\pi ^{\pm }$$, $$\mathrm {K}^{\pm }$$and $$\mathrm {p}$$($$\overline{\mathrm{p}}$$) are compared with next-to-leading order perturbative QCD calculations, which are found to overestimate the cross sections for $$\pi ^{\pm }$$and $$\mathrm{p}$$($$\overline{\mathrm{p}}$$) at high $$p_\mathrm{{T}}$$.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/PZ6CITPW/Acharya et al. - 2021 - Production of light-flavor hadrons in pp collision.pdf}
}

@article{alicecollaborationPseudorapidityDistributionsCharged2020,
  title = {Pseudorapidity distributions of charged particles as a function of mid and forward rapidity mutiplicities in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 5.02, 7 and 13 TeV},
  author = {{ALICE Collaboration}},
  year = {2020},
  month = sep,
  journal = {arXiv:2009.09434 [hep-ex, physics:nucl-ex]},
  eprint = {2009.09434},
  primaryclass = {hep-ex, physics:nucl-ex},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/2009.09434},
  urldate = {2021-07-15},
  abstract = {The multiplicity dependence of the pseudorapidity density of charged particles in proton-proton (pp) collisions at centre-of-mass energies $\sqrt{s}$ = 5.02, 7 and 13 TeV measured by ALICE is reported. The analysis relies on track segments measured in the midrapidity range ($|\eta| < 1.5$). Results are presented for inelastic events having at least one charged particle produced in the pseudorapidity interval $|\eta|<1$ ($\mathrm{INEL}_{>0}$). The multiplicity dependence of the pseudorapidy density of charged particles is measured with mid and forward rapidity multiplicity estimators, the latter being less affected by autocorrelations. A detailed comparison with predictions from the PYTHIA 8 and EPOS LHC event generators is also presented. Both generators provide a good description of the data.},
  archiveprefix = {arxiv},
  keywords = {High Energy Physics - Experiment,Nuclear Experiment},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/AVYELR6D/ALICE Collaboration - 2020 - Pseudorapidity distributions of charged particles .pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/E4T239SM/2009.html}
}

@article{alicecollaborationPseudorapidityTransversemomentumDistributions2016,
  title = {Pseudorapidity and transverse-momentum distributions of charged particles in proton-proton collisions at $\mathbf{\sqrt{\textit s}}$ = 13 {TeV}},
  author = {{ALICE Collaboration}},
  year = {2016},
  month = feb,
  journal = {Physics Letters B},
  volume = {753},
  eprint = {1509.08734},
  primaryclass = {hep-ex, physics:nucl-ex},
  pages = {319-329},
  issn = {03702693},
  doi = {10.1016/j.physletb.2015.12.030},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1509.08734},
  urldate = {2023-06-28},
  abstract = {The pseudorapidity ($\eta$) and transverse-momentum ($p_{\rm T}$) distributions of charged particles produced in proton-proton collisions are measured at the centre-of-mass energy $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV. The pseudorapidity distribution in $|\eta|<$ 1.8 is reported for inelastic events and for events with at least one charged particle in $|\eta|<$ 1. The pseudorapidity density of charged particles produced in the pseudorapidity region $|\eta|<$ 0.5 is 5.31 $\pm$ 0.18 and 6.46 $\pm$ 0.19 for the two event classes, respectively. The transverse-momentum distribution of charged particles is measured in the range 0.15 $<$ $p_{\rm T}$ $<$ 20 GeV/c and $|\eta|<$ 0.8 for events with at least one charged particle in $|\eta|<$ 1. The correlation between transverse momentum and particle multiplicity is also investigated by studying the evolution of the spectra with event multiplicity. The results are compared with calculations from PYTHIA and EPOS Monte Carlo generators.},
  archiveprefix = {arxiv},
  keywords = {High Energy Physics - Experiment,Nuclear Experiment},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/K5ADSMNB/ALICE Collaboration - 2016 - Pseudorapidity and transverse-momentum distributio.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/BMRJES2Y/1509.html}
}

@article{alicecollaborationSuppressionChargedParticle2011,
  title = {Suppression of charged particle production at large transverse momentum in central {Pb}-{Pb} collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}} = 2.76$ {TeV}},
  author = {{ALICE Collaboration}},
  year = {2011},
  month = jan,
  journal = {Physics Letters B},
  volume = {696},
  number = {1-2},
  eprint = {1012.1004},
  primaryclass = {nucl-ex},
  pages = {30-39},
  issn = {03702693},
  doi = {10.1016/j.physletb.2010.12.020},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1012.1004},
  urldate = {2023-03-03},
  abstract = {Inclusive transverse momentum spectra of primary charged particles in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{\rm NN}}}$ = 2.76 TeV have been measured by the ALICE Collaboration at the LHC. The data are presented for central and peripheral collisions, corresponding to 0-5% and 70-80% of the hadronic Pb-Pb cross section. The measured charged particle spectra in $|\eta|<0.8$ and $0.3 < p_T < 20$ GeV/$c$ are compared to the expectation in pp collisions at the same $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$, scaled by the number of underlying nucleon-nucleon collisions. The comparison is expressed in terms of the nuclear modification factor $R_{\rm AA}$. The result indicates only weak medium effects ($R_{\rm AA} \approx $ 0.7) in peripheral collisions. In central collisions, $R_{\rm AA}$ reaches a minimum of about 0.14 at $p_{\rm T}=6$-7GeV/$c$ and increases significantly at larger $p_{\rm T}$. The measured suppression of high-$p_{\rm T}$ particles is stronger than that observed at lower collision energies, indicating that a very dense medium is formed in central Pb-Pb collisions at the LHC.},
  archiveprefix = {arxiv},
  keywords = {Nuclear Experiment},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/GJ6EMC9W/ALICE Collaboration - 2011 - Suppression of charged particle production at larg.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/B3JF5S4D/1012.html}
}

@misc{alicecollaborationTriggerDataAcquisition2004,
  title = {Trigger, {{Data Acquisition}}, {{High Level Trigger}}, {{Control System Technical Design Report}}},
  author = {{ALICE Collaboration}},
  year = {2004},
  month = may,
  url = {https://edms.cern.ch/document/456354/2},
  urldate = {2023-04-05},
  abstract = {Document ALICE-DOC-2004-001 (v.1)},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/ACUKQ8M2/ui.html}
}

@article{alicecollaborationUpgradeALICEExperiment2014,
  title = {Upgrade of the {{ALICE Experiment}}: {{Letter Of Intent}}},
  shorttitle = {Upgrade of the {{ALICE Experiment}}},
  author = {{ALICE Collaboration}},
  year = {2014},
  month = jul,
  journal = {J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys.},
  volume = {41},
  number = {8},
  pages = {087001},
  issn = {0954-3899},
  doi = {10.1088/0954-3899/41/8/087001},
  url = {https://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0954-3899/41/8/087001},
  urldate = {2023-01-29},
  abstract = {ALICE (A Large Ion Collider Experiment) is studying the physics of strongly interacting matter, and in particular the properties of the Quark\textendash Gluon Plasma (QGP), using proton\textendash proton, proton\textendash nucleus and nucleus\textendash nucleus collisions at the CERN LHC (Large Hadron Collider). The ALICE Collaboration is preparing a major upgrade of the experimental apparatus, planned for installation in the second long LHC shutdown in the years 2018\textendash 2019. These plans are presented in the ALICE Upgrade Letter of Intent, submitted to the LHCC (LHC experiments Committee) in September 2012. In order to fully exploit the physics reach of the LHC in this field, high-precision measurements of the heavy-flavour production, quarkonia, direct real and virtual photons, and jets are necessary. This will be achieved by an increase of the LHC Pb\textendash Pb instant luminosity up to 6\texttimes 1027 cm-2s-1 and running the ALICE detector with the continuous readout at the 50 kHz event rate. The physics performance accessible with the upgraded detector, together with the main detector modifications, are presented.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/BVGHY9UU/al and Collaboration) - 2014 - Upgrade of the ALICE Experiment Letter Of Intent.pdf}
}

@article{alicecollaborationValidationALICEMaterial2022,
  title = {Validation of the {{ALICE}} Material Budget between {{TPC}} and {{TOF}} Detectors},
  author = {{ALICE Collaboration}},
  year = {2022},
  month = feb,
  journal = {ALICE Publications},
  number = {ALICE-PUBLIC-2022-001},
  url = {https://cds.cern.ch/record/2800896},
  urldate = {2022-09-13},
  abstract = {This note presents a method to validate the material budget of the ALICE apparatus located at midrapidity between the Time Projection Chamber (TPC) and the Time-of-Flight (TOF) detector. The analysis is performed in p\$-\$Pb collisions at \$\textbackslash sqrt\{s\_\{\textbackslash rm NN\}\} = 5.02\$ TeV using pure samples of protons from \$\textbackslash Lambda \textbackslash rightarrow \textbackslash rm\{p\} + \textbackslash pi\^\{-\}\$ decays and pions from \$\textbackslash rm\{K\}\^\{0\}\_\{\textbackslash rm S\} \textbackslash rightarrow \textbackslash pi\^\{+\} + \textbackslash pi\^\{-\}\$ decays which are reconstructed with the Inner Tracking System (ITS) and TPC. The TOF\$-\$TPC matching efficiency (i.e. the ratio between the number of hadrons with a matched hit in the TOF to those reconstructed in the TPC) is investigated for pions and protons as a function of the momentum at the TPC inner radius \$p\_\{\textbackslash rm TPC\}\$. The results are compared with detailed Monte Carlo simulations based on GEANT3 and GEANT4 transport codes used for propagation of particles through the ALICE apparatus. As a result, the material budget between TPC and TOF is validated using protons and pions in the momentum interval of \$0.5 \&lt; p\_\{\textbackslash rm TPC\} \&lt; 5.0\$ GeV/\$c\$ with a precision of \$\textbackslash lesssim 5\textbackslash\%\$.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/2IKS5LL9/2022 - Validation of the ALICE material budget between TP.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/6EHG36KJ/2800896.html}
}

@book{ALICEUpgradePhysics2019,
  title = {{{ALICE}} Upgrade Physics Performance Studies for 2018 {{Report}} on {{HL}}/{{HE-LHC}} Physics},
  year = {2019},
  abstract = {This document describes the new ALICE performance studies carried out for the CERN Yellow Report of the 2017-2018 HL/HE-LHC Physics Workshop. Studies for light nuclei and hyper-nuclei, flow observables, heavy flavour, quarkonium, low-mass dileptons and photons, jets, Z bosons and photoproduction are presented, for Pb-Pb, p-Pb and pp collisions at high multiplicity. These results update and complement the physics performance studies included in the Technical Design Reports of the ALICE upgrade detectors},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {collective flow,flavor physics,heavy quark production,Nuclear Physics - Experiment,particle and resonance production,particle correlations and fluctuations,quark gluon plasma,relativistic heavy ion physics}
}

@misc{AliDPGReconstructedDataTakingPeriodspp13TeVALICETWiki,
  title = {{{AliDPGReconstructedDataTakingPeriodspp13TeV}} {$<$} {{ALICE}} {$<$} {{TWiki}}},
  url = {https://twiki.cern.ch/twiki/bin/view/ALICE/AliDPGReconstructedDataTakingPeriodspp13TeV},
  urldate = {2021-08-25},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/874S9N6U/AliDPGReconstructedDataTakingPeriodspp13TeV.html}
}

@article{almeALICETPCLarge2010,
  title = {The {{ALICE TPC}}, a Large 3-Dimensional Tracking Device with Fast Readout for Ultra-High Multiplicity Events},
  author = {Alme, J. and Andres, Y. and Appelsh{\"a}user, H. and Bablok, S. and Bialas, N. and Bolgen, R. and Bonnes, U. and Bramm, R. and {Braun-Munzinger}, P. and Campagnolo, R. and Christiansen, P. and Dobrin, A. and Engster, C. and Fehlker, D. and Foka, Y. and Frankenfeld, U. and Gaardh{\o}je, J. J. and Garabatos, C. and Gl{\"a}ssel, P. and Gonzalez Gutierrez, C. and Gros, P. and Gustafsson, H. -A. and Helstrup, H. and Hoch, M. and Ivanov, M. and Janik, R. and Junique, A. and Kalweit, A. and Keidel, R. and Kniege, S. and Kowalski, M. and Larsen, D. T. and Lesenechal, Y. and Lenoir, P. and Lindegaard, N. and Lippmann, C. and Mager, M. and Mast, M. and Matyja, A. and Munkejord, M. and Musa, L. and Nielsen, B. S. and Nikolic, V. and Oeschler, H. and Olsen, E. K. and Oskarsson, A. and Osterman, L. and Pikna, M. and Rehman, A. and Renault, G. and Renfordt, R. and Rossegger, S. and R{\"o}hrich, D. and R{\o}ed, K. and Richter, M. and Rueshmann, G. and Rybicki, A. and Sann, H. and Schmidt, H. -R. and Siska, M. and Sit{\'a}r, B. and Soegaard, C. and Soltveit, H. -K. and Soyk, D. and Stachel, J. and Stelzer, H. and Stenlund, E. and Stock, R. and Strme{\v n}, P. and Szarka, I. and Ullaland, K. and Vranic, D. and Veenhof, R. and Westergaard, J. and Wiechula, J. and Windelband, B.},
  year = {2010},
  month = oct,
  journal = {Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment},
  volume = {622},
  number = {1},
  pages = {316--367},
  issn = {0168-9002},
  doi = {10.1016/j.nima.2010.04.042},
  url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168900210008910},
  urldate = {2023-03-21},
  abstract = {The design, construction, and commissioning of the ALICE Time-Projection Chamber (TPC) is described. It is the main device for pattern recognition, tracking, and identification of charged particles in the ALICE experiment at the CERN LHC. The TPC is cylindrical in shape with a volume close to 90m3 and is operated in a 0.5T solenoidal magnetic field parallel to its axis. In this paper we describe in detail the design considerations for this detector for operation in the extreme multiplicity environment of central Pb\textendash Pb collisions at LHC energy. The implementation of the resulting requirements into hardware (field cage, read-out chambers, electronics), infrastructure (gas and cooling system, laser-calibration system), and software led to many technical innovations which are described along with a presentation of all the major components of the detector, as currently realized. We also report on the performance achieved after completion of the first round of stand-alone calibration runs and demonstrate results close to those specified in the TPC Technical Design Report.},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {ALICE,Time Projection Chamber},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/N85L3GHZ/Alme et al. - 2010 - The ALICE TPC, a large 3-dimensional tracking devi.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/T5XN5ATM/S0168900210008910.html}
}

@article{angelopoulosK0OverlineK1999,
  title = {${K}^{0}-\overline{{K}}^{0}$ mass and decay-width differences: {CPLEAR} evaluation},
  shorttitle = {K0–K̄0 mass and decay-width differences},
  author = {Angelopoulos, A. and Apostolakis, A. and Aslanides, E. and Backenstoss, G. and Bargassa, P. and Behnke, O. and Benelli, A. and Bertin, V. and Blanc, F. and Bloch, P. and Carlson, P. and Carroll, M. and Cawley, E. and Chertok, M. B. and Danielsson, M. and Dejardin, M. and Derre, J. and Ealet, A. and Eleftheriadis, C. and Fetscher, W. and Fidecaro, M. and Filipčič, A. and Francis, D. and Fry, J. and Gabathuler, E. and Gamet, R. and Gerber, H. -J. and Go, A. and Haselden, A. and Hayman, P. J. and Henry-Couannier, F. and Hollander, R. W. and Jon-And, K. and Kettle, P. -R. and Kokkas, P. and Kreuger, R. and Le Gac, R. and Leimgruber, F. and Mandić, I. and Manthos, N. and Marel, G. and Mikuž, M. and Miller, J. and Montanet, F. and Muller, A. and Nakada, T. and Pagels, B. and Papadopoulos, I. and Pavlopoulos, P. and Polivka, G. and Rickenbach, R. and Roberts, B. L. and Ruf, T. and Schäfer, M. and Schaller, L. A. and Schietinger, T. and Schopper, A. and Tauscher, L. and Thibault, C. and Touchard, F. and Touramanis, C. and Van Eijk, C. W. E. and Vlachos, S. and Weber, P. and Wigger, O. and Wolter, M. and Zavrtanik, D. and Zimmerman, D.},
  year = {1999},
  month = dec,
  journal = {Physics Letters B},
  volume = {471},
  number = {2},
  pages = {332-338},
  issn = {0370-2693},
  doi = {10.1016/S0370-2693(99)01333-7},
  url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0370269399013337},
  urldate = {2023-05-21},
  abstract = {The CPT-violation parameters Re(δ) and Im(δ) determined recently by CPLEAR are used to evaluate the K0–K̄0 mass and decay-width differences, as given by the difference between the diagonal elements of the neutral-kaon mixing matrix (M−iΓ/2). The results – (MK0K0−MK̄0K̄0)=(−1.5±2.0)×10−18 GeV and (ΓK0K0−ΓK̄0K̄0)=(3.9±4.2)×10−18 GeV – are consistent with CPT invariance. The CPT invariance is also shown to hold within a few times 10−3–10−4 for many of the amplitudes describing neutral-kaon decays to different final states.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/BRFCMHRX/S0370269399013337.html}
}

@article{annalaEvidenceQuarkmatterCores2020,
  title = {Evidence for Quark-Matter Cores in Massive Neutron Stars},
  author = {Annala, Eemeli and Gorda, Tyler and Kurkela, Aleksi and N{\"a}ttil{\"a}, Joonas and Vuorinen, Aleksi},
  year = {2020},
  month = sep,
  journal = {Nat. Phys.},
  volume = {16},
  number = {9},
  pages = {907--910},
  publisher = {{Nature Publishing Group}},
  issn = {1745-2481},
  doi = {10.1038/s41567-020-0914-9},
  url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/s41567-020-0914-9},
  urldate = {2023-07-22},
  abstract = {The theory governing the strong nuclear force\textemdash quantum chromodynamics\textemdash predicts that at sufficiently high energy densities, hadronic nuclear matter undergoes a deconfinement transition to a new phase of quarks and gluons1. Although this has been observed in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions2,3, it is currently an open question whether quark matter exists inside neutron stars4. By combining astrophysical observations and theoretical ab initio calculations in a model-independent way, we find that the inferred properties of matter in the cores of neutron stars with mass corresponding to 1.4 solar masses (M{$\odot$}) are compatible with nuclear model calculations. However, the matter in the interior of maximally massive stable neutron stars exhibits characteristics of the deconfined phase, which we interpret as evidence for the presence of quark-matter cores. For the heaviest reliably observed neutron stars5,6 with mass M\,{$\approx$}\,2M{$\odot$}, the presence of quark matter is found to be linked to the behaviour of the speed of sound cs in strongly interacting matter. If the conformal bound \$\$\{c\}\_\{\textbackslash rm\{s\}\}\^\{2\}\textbackslash le 1/3\$\$(ref. 7) is not strongly violated, massive neutron stars are predicted to have sizable quark-matter cores. This finding has important implications for the phenomenology of neutron stars and affects the dynamics of neutron star mergers with at least one sufficiently massive participant.},
  copyright = {2020 CERN 2020},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Compact astrophysical objects,Nuclear astrophysics,Theoretical particle physics},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/N9297BRD/Annala et al. - 2020 - Evidence for quark-matter cores in massive neutron.pdf}
}

@article{arseneQuarkGluonPlasma2005,
  title = {Quark\textendash Gluon Plasma and Color Glass Condensate at {{RHIC}}? {{The}} Perspective from the {{BRAHMS}} Experiment},
  shorttitle = {Quark\textendash Gluon Plasma and Color Glass Condensate at {{RHIC}}?},
  author = {Arsene, I. and Bearden, I. G. and Beavis, D. and Besliu, C. and Budick, B. and B{\o}ggild, H. and Chasman, C. and Christensen, C. H. and Christiansen, P. and Cibor, J. and Debbe, R. and Enger, E. and Gaardh{\o}je, J. J. and Germinario, M. and Hansen, O. and Holm, A. and Holme, A. K. and Hagel, K. and Ito, H. and Jakobsen, E. and Jipa, A. and Jundt, F. and J{\o}rdre, J. I. and J{\o}rgensen, C. E. and Karabowicz, R. and Kim, E. J. and Kozik, T. and Larsen, T. M. and Lee, J. H. and Lee, Y. K. and Lindahl, S. and L{\o}vh{\o}iden, G. and Majka, Z. and Makeev, A. and Mikelsen, M. and Murray, M. J. and Natowitz, J. and Neumann, B. and Nielsen, B. S. and Ouerdane, D. and P{\l}aneta, R. and Rami, F. and Ristea, C. and Ristea, O. and R{\"o}hrich, D. and Samset, B. H. and Sandberg, D. and Sanders, S. J. and Scheetz, R. A. and Staszel, P. and Tveter, T. S. and Videb{\ae}k, F. and Wada, R. and Yin, Z. and Zgura, I. S.},
  year = {2005},
  month = aug,
  journal = {Nuclear Physics A},
  series = {First {{Three Years}} of {{Operation}} of {{RHIC}}},
  volume = {757},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--27},
  issn = {0375-9474},
  doi = {10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2005.02.130},
  url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0375947405002770},
  urldate = {2023-07-21},
  abstract = {We review the main results obtained by the BRAHMS Collaboration on the properties of hot and dense hadronic and partonic matter produced in ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions at RHIC. A particular focus of this paper is to discuss to what extent the results collected so far by BRAHMS, and by the other three experiments at RHIC, can be taken as evidence for the formation of a state of deconfined partonic matter, the so-called quark\textendash gluon plasma (QGP). We also discuss evidence for a possible precursor state to the QGP, i.e., the proposed color glass condensate.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/BQPLJ9HD/Arsene et al. - 2005 - Quark–gluon plasma and color glass condensate at R.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/DCCSUC7Q/S0375947405002770.html}
}

@book{arslandokHotQCDWhite2023,
  title = {Hot {{QCD White Paper}}},
  author = {Arslandok, Mesut and Bass, S. and Baty, A. and Bautista, I. and Beattie, C. and Becattini, Francesco and Bellwied, R. and Berdnikov, Yaroslav and Berdnikov, A. and Bielcik, J. and Blair, J. and Bock, Friederike and Boimska, B. and Bossi, H. and Caines, H. and Chen, Y. and Chien, Y. and Chiu, Megan and Connors, M.},
  year = {2023},
  month = mar,
  abstract = {Hot QCD physics studies the nuclear strong force under extreme temperature and densities. Experimentally these conditions are achieved via high-energy collisions of heavy ions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). In the past decade, a unique and substantial suite of data was collected at RHIC and the LHC, probing hydrodynamics at the nucleon scale, the temperature dependence of the transport properties of quark-gluon plasma, the phase diagram of nuclear matter, the interaction of quarks and gluons at different scales and much more. This document, as part of the 2023 nuclear science long range planning process, was written to review the progress in hot QCD since the 2015 Long Range Plan for Nuclear Science, as well as highlight the realization of previous recommendations, and present opportunities for the next decade, building on the accomplishments and investments made in theoretical developments and the construction of new detectors. Furthermore, this document provides additional context to support the recommendations voted on at the Joint Hot and Cold QCD Town Hall Meeting, which are reported in a separate document.},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/HVAFHVYE/Arslandok et al. - 2023 - Hot QCD White Paper.pdf}
}

@article{atlascollaborationATLASExperimentCERN2008,
  title = {The {{ATLAS Experiment}} at the {{CERN Large Hadron Collider}}},
  author = {{ATLAS Collaboration} and Aad, G. and Abat, E. and Abdallah, J. and Abdelalim, A. A. and Abdesselam, A. and Abdinov, O. and Abi, B. A. and Abolins, M. and Abramowicz, H. and Acerbi, E. and Acharya, B. S. and Achenbach, R. and Ackers, M. and Adams, D. L. and Adamyan, F. and Addy, T. N. and Aderholz, M. and Adorisio, C. and Adragna, P. and Aharrouche, M. and Ahlen, S. P. and Ahles, F. and Ahmad, A. and Ahmed, H. and Aielli, G. and {\AA}kesson, P. F. and {\AA}kesson, T. P. A. and Akimov, A. V. and Alam, S. M. and Albert, J. and Albrand, S. and Aleksa, M. and Aleksandrov, I. N. and Aleppo, M. and Alessandria, F. and Alexa, C. and Alexander, G. and Alexopoulos, T. and Alimonti, G. and Aliyev, M. and Allport, P. P. and {Allwood-Spiers}, S. E. and Aloisio, A. and Alonso, J. and Alves, R. and Alviggi, M. G. and Amako, K. and Amaral, P. and Amaral, S. P. and Ambrosini, G. and Ambrosio, G. and Amelung, C. and Ammosov, V. V. and Amorim, A. and Amram, N. and Anastopoulos, C. and Anderson, B. and Anderson, K. J. and Anderssen, E. C. and Andreazza, A. and Andrei, V. and Andricek, L. and Andrieux, M.-L. and Anduaga, X. S. and Anghinolfi, F. and Antonaki, A. and Antonelli, M. and Antonelli, S. and Apsimon, R. and Arabidze, G. and Aracena, I. and Arai, Y. and Arce, A. T. H. and Archambault, J. P. and Arguin, J.-F. and Arik, E. and Arik, M. and Arms, K. E. and Armstrong, S. R. and Arnaud, M. and Arnault, C. and Artamonov, A. and Asai, S. and Ask, S. and {\AA}sman, B. and Asner, D. and Asquith, L. and Assamagan, K. and Astbury, A. and Athar, B. and Atkinson, T. and Aubert, B. and Auerbach, B. and Auge, E. and Augsten, K. and Aulchenko, V. M. and Austin, N. and Avolio, G. and Avramidou, R. and Axen, A. and Ay, C. and Azuelos, G. and Baccaglioni, G. and Bacci, C. and Bachacou, H. and Bachas, K. and Bachy, G. and Badescu, E. and Bagnaia, P. and Bailey, D. C. and Baines, J. T. and Baker, O. 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  year = {2008},
  month = aug,
  journal = {J. Inst.},
  volume = {3},
  number = {08},
  pages = {S08003},
  issn = {1748-0221},
  doi = {10.1088/1748-0221/3/08/S08003},
  url = {https://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/3/08/S08003},
  urldate = {2023-07-21},
  abstract = {The ATLAS detector as installed in its experimental cavern at point 1 at CERN is described in this paper. A brief overview of the expected performance of the detector when the Large Hadron Collider begins operation is also presented.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/PCFZI7R5/Collaboration et al. - 2008 - The ATLAS Experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Coll.pdf}
}

@article{atlascollaborationKs02012,
  title = {${K}_{s}^{0}$ and $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ production in $pp$ interactions at $\sqrt{s}\mathbf{=}0.9$ and 7 {TeV} measured with the {ATLAS} detector at the {LHC}},
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  doi = {10.1103/PhysRevD.85.012001},
  url = {https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevD.85.012001},
  urldate = {2023-07-24},
  abstract = {The production of K0S and Λ hadrons is studied in pp collision data at √s=0.9 and 7 TeV collected with the ATLAS detector at the LHC using a minimum-bias trigger. The observed distributions of transverse momentum, rapidity, and multiplicity are corrected to hadron level in a model-independent way within well-defined phase-space regions. The distribution of the production ratio of ¯¯¯Λ to Λ baryons is also measured. The results are compared with various Monte Carlo simulation models. Although most of these models agree with data to within 15% in the K0S distributions, substantial disagreements are found in the Λ distributions of transverse momentum.},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/HFEA8P6F/ATLAS Collaboration et al. - 2012 - $ K _ s ^ 0 $ and $ensuremath Lambda $ productio.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/8Q2KQVZR/PhysRevD.85.html}
}

@article{atlascollaborationSearchResonancesDiphoton2016,
  title = {Search for resonances in diphoton events at $\sqrt{s}$=13 {TeV} with the {ATLAS} detector},
  author = {{ATLAS Collaboration}},
  year = {2016},
  month = sep,
  journal = {J. High Energ. Phys.},
  volume = {2016},
  number = {9},
  eprint = {1606.03833},
  primaryclass = {hep-ex},
  pages = {1},
  issn = {1029-8479},
  doi = {10.1007/JHEP09(2016)001},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1606.03833},
  urldate = {2023-07-23},
  abstract = {Searches for new resonances decaying into two photons in the ATLAS experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider are described. The analysis is based on proton--proton collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.2 fb$^{-1}$ at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV recorded in 2015. Two searches are performed, one targeted at a spin-2 particle of mass larger than 500 GeV, using Randall--Sundrum graviton states as a benchmark model, and one optimized for a spin-0 particle of mass larger than 200 GeV. Varying both the mass and the decay width, the most significant deviation from the background-only hypothesis is observed at a diphoton invariant mass around 750 GeV with local significances of 3.8 and 3.9 standard deviations in the searches optimized for a spin-2 and spin-0 particle, respectively. The global significances are estimated to be 2.1 standard deviations for both analyses. The consistency between the data collected at 13 TeV and 8 TeV is also evaluated. Limits on the production cross section times branching ratio to two photons for the two resonance types are reported.},
  archiveprefix = {arxiv},
  keywords = {High Energy Physics - Experiment},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/9628SWB5/ATLAS Collaboration - 2016 - Search for resonances in diphoton events at $sqrt.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/QDR7CTCY/1606.html}
}

@article{aubertExperimentalObservationHeavy1974,
  title = {Experimental Observation of a Heavy Particle ${J}$},
  author = {Aubert, J. J. and Becker, U. and Biggs, P. J. and Burger, J. and Chen, M. and Everhart, G. and Goldhagen, P. and Leong, J. and McCorriston, T. and Rhoades, T. G. and Rohde, M. and Ting, Samuel C. C. and Wu, Sau Lan and Lee, Y. Y.},
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  url = {https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.33.1404},
  urldate = {2023-02-19},
  abstract = {We report the observation of a heavy particle J, with mass m=3.1 GeV and width approximately zero. The observation was made from the reaction p+Be→e++e−+x by measuring the e+e− mass spectrum with a precise pair spectrometer at the Brookhaven National Laboratory's 30-GeV alternating-gradient synchrotron., This article appears in the following collection:},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/BP8H7233/Aubert et al. - 1974 - Experimental Observation of a Heavy Particle $J$.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/UDKTK3TC/PhysRevLett.33.html}
}

@article{augustinDiscoveryNarrowResonance1974,
  title = {Discovery of a Narrow Resonance in ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ Annihilation},
  author = {Augustin, J. -E. and Boyarski, A. M. and Breidenbach, M. and Bulos, F. and Dakin, J. T. and Feldman, G. J. and Fischer, G. E. and Fryberger, D. and Hanson, G. and Jean-Marie, B. and Larsen, R. R. and Lüth, V. and Lynch, H. L. and Lyon, D. and Morehouse, C. C. and Paterson, J. M. and Perl, M. L. and Richter, B. and Rapidis, P. and Schwitters, R. F. and Tanenbaum, W. M. and Vannucci, F. and Abrams, G. S. and Briggs, D. and Chinowsky, W. and Friedberg, C. E. and Goldhaber, G. and Hollebeek, R. J. and Kadyk, J. A. and Lulu, B. and Pierre, F. and Trilling, G. H. and Whitaker, J. S. and Wiss, J. and Zipse, J. E.},
  year = {1974},
  month = dec,
  journal = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
  volume = {33},
  number = {23},
  pages = {1406-1408},
  publisher = {American Physical Society},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.33.1406},
  url = {https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.33.1406},
  urldate = {2023-02-19},
  abstract = {We have observed a very sharp peak in the cross section for e+e−→hadrons, e+e−, and possibly μ+μ− at a center-of-mass energy of 3.105±0.003 GeV. The upper limit to the full width at half-maximum is 1.3 MeV., This article appears in the following collection:},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/ICV9YJYK/Augustin et al. - 1974 - Discovery of a Narrow Resonance in $ e ^ + e ^ e.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/96HER264/PhysRevLett.33.html}
}

@article{backPHOBOSPerspectiveDiscoveries2005,
  title = {The {{PHOBOS}} Perspective on Discoveries at {{RHIC}}},
  author = {Back, B. B. and Baker, M. D. and Ballintijn, M. and Barton, D. S. and Becker, B. and Betts, R. R. and Bickley, A. A. and Bindel, R. and Budzanowski, A. and Busza, W. and Carroll, A. and Chai, Z. and Decowski, M. P. and Garc{\'i}a, E. and Gburek, T. and George, N. K. and Gulbrandsen, K. and Gushue, S. and Halliwell, C. and Hamblen, J. and Harrington, A. S. and Hauer, M. and Heintzelman, G. A. and Henderson, C. and Hofman, D. J. and Hollis, R. S. and Ho{\l}y{\'n}ski, R. and Holzman, B. and Iordanova, A. and Johnson, E. and Kane, J. L. and Katzy, J. and Khan, N. and Kucewicz, W. and Kulinich, P. and Kuo, C. M. and Lee, J. W. and Lin, W. T. and Manly, S. and McLeod, D. and Mignerey, A. C. and Nouicer, R. and Olszewski, A. and Pak, R. and Park, I. C. and Pernegger, H. and Reed, C. and Remsberg, L. P. and Reuter, M. and Roland, C. and Roland, G. and Rosenberg, L. and Sagerer, J. and Sarin, P. and Sawicki, P. and Seals, H. and Sedykh, I. and Skulski, W. and Smith, C. E. and Stankiewicz, M. A. and Steinberg, P. and Stephans, G. S. F. and Sukhanov, A. and Tang, J. -L. and Tonjes, M. B. and Trzupek, A. and Vale, C. M. and {van Nieuwenhuizen}, G. J. and Vaurynovich, S. S. and Verdier, R. and Veres, G. I. and Wenger, E. and Wolfs, F. L. H. and Wosiek, B. and Wo{\'z}niak, K. and Wuosmaa, A. H. and Wys{\l}ouch, B. and Zhang, J.},
  year = {2005},
  month = aug,
  journal = {Nuclear Physics A},
  series = {First {{Three Years}} of {{Operation}} of {{RHIC}}},
  volume = {757},
  number = {1},
  pages = {28--101},
  issn = {0375-9474},
  doi = {10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2005.03.084},
  url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0375947405005282},
  urldate = {2023-07-21},
  abstract = {This paper describes the conclusions that can be drawn from the data taken thus far with the PHOBOS detector at RHIC. In the most central Au+Au collisions at the highest beam energy, evidence is found for the formation of a very high energy density system whose description in terms of simple hadronic degrees of freedom is inappropriate. Furthermore, the constituents of this novel system are found to undergo a significant level of interaction. The properties of particle production at RHIC energies are shown to follow a number of simple scaling behaviors, some of which continue trends found at lower energies or in simpler systems. As a function of centrality, the total number of charged particles scales with the number of participating nucleons. When comparing Au+Au at different centralities, the dependence of the yield on the number of participants at higher pT ({$\sim$}4~GeV/c) is very similar to that at low transverse momentum. The measured values of charged particle pseudorapidity density and elliptic flow were found to be independent of energy over a broad range of pseudorapidities when effectively viewed in the rest frame of one of the colliding nuclei, a property we describe as ``extended longitudinal scaling''. Finally, the centrality and energy dependences of several observables were found to factorize to a surprising degree.},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Energy density in collisions of ultrarelativistic nuclei,PHOBOS experiment at RHIC,Quark\textendash gluon plasma,Relativistic heavy ion collision data,Scaling in multiparticle production},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/K63Y7YLT/Back et al. - 2005 - The PHOBOS perspective on discoveries at RHIC.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/BZBED2DK/S0375947405005282.html}
}

@article{bahrHerwigPhysicsManual2008,
  title = {Herwig++ Physics and Manual},
  author = {B{\"a}hr, Manuel and Gieseke, Stefan and Gigg, Martyn A. and Grellscheid, David and Hamilton, Keith and {Latunde-Dada}, Oluseyi and Pl{\"a}tzer, Simon and Richardson, Peter and Seymour, Michael H. and Sherstnev, Alexander and Webber, Bryan R.},
  year = {2008},
  month = dec,
  journal = {Eur. Phys. J. C},
  volume = {58},
  number = {4},
  pages = {639--707},
  issn = {1434-6052},
  doi = {10.1140/epjc/s10052-008-0798-9},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-008-0798-9},
  urldate = {2023-04-27},
  abstract = {In this paper we describe \$\textbackslash mathsf\{Herwig++\}\$version 2.2, a general-purpose Monte Carlo event generator for the simulation of hard lepton-lepton and hadron-hadron collisions. A number of important hard scattering processes are available, together with an interface via the Les Houches Accord to specialized matrix element generators for additional processes. The simulation of Beyond the Standard Model~(BSM) physics includes a range of models and allows new models to be added by encoding the Feynman rules of the model. The parton-shower approach is used to simulate initial- and final-state QCD radiation, including colour coherence effects, with special emphasis on the correct description of radiation from heavy particles. The underlying event is simulated using an eikonal multiple parton-parton scattering model. The formation of hadrons from the quarks and gluons produced in the parton shower is described using the cluster hadronization model. Hadron decays are simulated using matrix elements, where possible including spin correlations and off-shell effects.},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {12.38.Cy,13.87.Ce,13.87.fh},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/737LEBRY/Bähr et al. - 2008 - Herwig++ physics and manual.pdf}
}

@misc{barendsGeant4ValidationStudy2017,
  title = {A {{Geant4}} Validation Study for the {{ALICE}} Experiment at the {{LHC}}},
  author = {Barends, Kevin Nicholas},
  year = {2017},
  url = {https://cds.cern.ch/record/2277324},
  urldate = {2023-05-23},
  abstract = {This report depicts the work I have done during my 8 week period as a summer student. ALICE officially uses GEANT3 but needs to switch to Geant4 as it is advantageous. During this study, we observed that GEANT3 describes the experimental data more accurately at higher momentum in certain regions of the energy loss in the TPC whereas Geant4 describes the data more accurately at lower momentum. We also observed that Geant4 has a higher tracking efficiency for the proton, pion, kaon and antiproton at low momentum in the TPC and TOF. At mid-momentum, GEANT3 and Geant4 is observed to have the same efficiency. However, further study is needed.},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/2A7TJN6J/Barends - 2017 - A Geant4 validation study for the ALICE experiment.pdf}
}

@misc{barlowSLUOLecturesStatistics2000,
  title = {{{SLUO Lectures}} on {{Statistics}} and {{Numerical Methods}} in {{HEP}} ({{SLUO}})},
  author = {Barlow, Roger and Porter, Frank and Graf, Norman},
  year = {2000},
  month = aug,
  url = {https://www-group.slac.stanford.edu/sluo/lectures/Stat_Lectures.html},
  urldate = {2022-09-13},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/DXZJCCUE/Stat_Lectures.html}
}

@misc{barlowSystematicErrorsFacts2002,
  title = {Systematic {{Errors}}: Facts and Fictions},
  shorttitle = {Systematic {{Errors}}},
  author = {Barlow, Roger},
  year = {2002},
  month = jul,
  number = {arXiv:hep-ex/0207026},
  eprint = {hep-ex/0207026},
  publisher = {{arXiv}},
  doi = {10.48550/arXiv.hep-ex/0207026},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-ex/0207026},
  urldate = {2022-09-10},
  abstract = {The treatment of systematic errors is often mishandled. This is due to lack of understanding and education, based on a fundamental ambiguity as to what is meant by the term. This note addresses the problems and offers guidance to good practice.},
  archiveprefix = {arxiv},
  keywords = {High Energy Physics - Experiment},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/WMUEEMWV/Barlow - 2002 - Systematic Errors facts and fictions.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/PGLMW6PZ/0207026.html}
}

@article{barnesObservationHyperonStrangeness1964a,
  title = {Observation of a {{Hyperon}} with {{Strangeness Minus Three}}},
  author = {Barnes, V. E. and Connolly, P. L. and Crennell, D. J. and Culwick, B. B. and Delaney, W. C. and Fowler, W. B. and Hagerty, P. E. and Hart, E. L. and Horwitz, N. and Hough, P. V. C. and Jensen, J. E. and Kopp, J. K. and Lai, K. W. and Leitner, J. and Lloyd, J. L. and London, G. W. and Morris, T. W. and Oren, Y. and Palmer, R. B. and Prodell, A. G. and Radoji{\v c}i{\'c}, D. and Rahm, D. C. and Richardson, C. R. and Samios, N. P. and Sanford, J. R. and Shutt, R. P. and Smith, J. R. and Stonehill, D. L. and Strand, R. C. and Thorndike, A. M. and Webster, M. S. and Willis, W. J. and Yamamoto, S. S.},
  year = {1964},
  month = feb,
  journal = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
  volume = {12},
  number = {8},
  pages = {204--206},
  publisher = {{American Physical Society}},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.13.585},
  url = {https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.12.204},
  urldate = {2023-02-08},
  abstract = {DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.12.204},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/U8S2LUEW/PhysRevLett.12.html}
}

@article{battistoniOverviewFLUKACode2015,
  title = {Overview of the {{FLUKA}} Code},
  author = {Battistoni, Giuseppe and Boehlen, Till and Cerutti, Francesco and Chin, Pik Wai and Esposito, Luigi Salvatore and Fass{\`o}, Alberto and Ferrari, Alfredo and Lechner, Anton and Empl, Anton and Mairani, Andrea and Mereghetti, Alessio and Ortega, Pablo Garcia and Ranft, Johannes and Roesler, Stefan and Sala, Paola R. and Vlachoudis, Vasilis and Smirnov, George},
  year = {2015},
  month = aug,
  journal = {Annals of Nuclear Energy},
  series = {Joint {{International Conference}} on {{Supercomputing}} in {{Nuclear Applications}} and {{Monte Carlo}} 2013, {{SNA}} + {{MC}} 2013. {{Pluri-}} and {{Trans-disciplinarity}}, {{Towards New Modeling}} and {{Numerical Simulation Paradigms}}},
  volume = {82},
  pages = {10--18},
  issn = {0306-4549},
  doi = {10.1016/j.anucene.2014.11.007},
  url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306454914005878},
  urldate = {2023-04-27},
  abstract = {The capabilities and physics models implemented inside the FLUKA code are briefly described, with emphasis on hadronic interaction. Examples of the performances of the code are presented including basic (thin target) and complex benchmarks, and radiation detector specific applications. In particular the ability of FLUKA in describing existing calorimeter performances and in predicting those of future ones, as well as the use of the code for neutron and mixed field radiation detectors will be demonstrated with several examples.},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Flair,FLUKA,Monte Carlo code},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/4EVUJXVE/S0306454914005878.html}
}

@article{bazavovEquationStateFlavor2014,
  title = {The Equation of State in (2+1)-Flavor {{QCD}}},
  author = {Bazavov, A. and Bhattacharya, Tanmoy and DeTar, C. and Ding, H.-T. and Gottlieb, Steven and Gupta, Rajan and Hegde, P. and Heller, U. M. and Karsch, F. and Laermann, E. and Levkova, L. and Mukherjee, Swagato and Petreczky, P. and Schmidt, C. and Schroeder, C. and Soltz, R. A. and Soeldner, W. and Sugar, R. and Wagner, M. and Vranas, P.},
  year = {2014},
  month = nov,
  journal = {Phys. Rev. D},
  volume = {90},
  number = {9},
  eprint = {1407.6387},
  primaryclass = {hep-lat, physics:hep-ph, physics:nucl-th},
  pages = {094503},
  issn = {1550-7998, 1550-2368},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRevD.90.094503},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1407.6387},
  urldate = {2023-02-22},
  abstract = {We present results for the equation of state in (2+1)-flavor QCD using the highly improved staggered quark action and lattices with temporal extent \$N\_\{\textbackslash tau\}=6,\textasciitilde 8,\textasciitilde 10\$, and \$12\$. We show that these data can be reliably extrapolated to the continuum limit and obtain a number of thermodynamic quantities and the speed of sound in the temperature range \$(130-400)\$ MeV. We compare our results with previous calculations, and provide an analytic parameterization of the pressure, from which other thermodynamic quantities can be calculated, for use in phenomenology. We show that the energy density in the crossover region, \$145\textasciitilde{} \{\textbackslash rm MeV\} \textbackslash leq T \textbackslash leq 163\$ MeV, defined by the chiral transition, is \$\textbackslash epsilon\_c=(0.18-0.5)\textasciitilde\{\textbackslash rm GeV\}/\{\textbackslash rm fm\}\^3\$, \$i.e.\$, \$(1.2-3.1)\textbackslash{} \textbackslash epsilon\_\{\textbackslash rm nuclear\}\$. At high temperatures, we compare our results with resummed and dimensionally reduced perturbation theory calculations. As a byproduct of our analyses, we obtain the values of the scale parameters \$r\_0\$ from the static quark potential and \$w\_0\$ from the gradient flow.},
  archiveprefix = {arxiv},
  keywords = {High Energy Physics - Lattice,High Energy Physics - Phenomenology,Nuclear Theory},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/G77QZJD2/Bazavov et al. - 2014 - The equation of state in (2+1)-flavor QCD.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/E9M3IMZ2/1407.html}
}

@misc{bendavidHouches2017Physics2018,
  title = {Les {{Houches}} 2017: {{Physics}} at {{TeV Colliders Standard Model Working Group Report}}},
  shorttitle = {Les {{Houches}} 2017},
  author = {Bendavid, J. and Caola, F. and Ciulli, V. and Harlander, R. and Heinrich, G. and Huston, J. and Kallweit, S. and Prestel, S. and Re, E. and Tackmann, K. and Thaler, J. and Theofilatos, K. and Andersen, J. R. and Bellm, J. and Berger, N. and Bhatia, D. and Biedermann, B. and Br{\"a}uer, S. and Britzger, D. and Buckley, A. G. and Camacho, R. and Chachamis, G. and Chatterjee, S. and Chen, X. and Chiesa, M. and Currie, J. R. and Denner, A. and Dreyer, F. and {Driencourt-Mangin}, F. and Forte, S. and Garzelli, M. V. and Gehrmann, T. and Gieseke, S. and Glover, E. W. N. and Gras, P. and Greiner, N. and G{\"u}tschow, C. and Gwenlan, C. and Heil, M. and Herndon, M. and Hirschi, V. and Hoang, A. H. and H{\"o}che, S. and Huss, A. and Jones, S. P. and Kar, D. and Karlberg, A. and Kassabov, Z. and Kerner, M. and Klappert, J. and Kuttimalai, S. and Lang, J.-N. and Larkoski, A. and Lindert, J. M. and Loch, P. and Long, K. and L{\"o}nnblad, L. and Luisoni, G. and Maier, A. and Maierh{\"o}fer, P. and Ma{\^i}tre, D. and Marzani, S. and McFayden, J. A. and Moult, I. and Mozer, M. and Mrenna, S. and Nachman, B. and Napoletano, D. and Pandini, C. and Papaefstathiou, A. and Pellen, M. and Perrozzi, L. and Pires, J. and Pl{\"a}tzer, S. and Pozzorini, S. and Quackenbush, S. and Rabbertz, K. and Rauch, M. and Reuschle, C. and Richardson, P. and Ridder, A. Gehrmann-De and Rodrigo, G. and Rojo, J. and R{\"o}ntsch, R. and Rottoli, L. and Samitz, D. and Samui, T. and Sborlini, G. and Sch{\"o}nherr, M. and Schumann, S. and Scyboz, L. and Seth, S. and Shao, H.-S. and Si{\'o}dmok, A. and Skands, P. Z. and Smillie, J. M. and Soyez, G. and Sun, P. and Sutton, M. R. and Tackmann, F. J. and Uccirati, S. and Weinzierl, S. and Yazgan, E. and Yuan, C.-P. and Yuan, F.},
  year = {2018},
  month = mar,
  number = {arXiv:1803.07977},
  eprint = {1803.07977},
  primaryclass = {hep-ph},
  publisher = {{arXiv}},
  doi = {10.48550/arXiv.1803.07977},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1803.07977},
  urldate = {2023-02-03},
  abstract = {This Report summarizes the proceedings of the 2017 Les Houches workshop on Physics at TeV Colliders. Session 1 dealt with (I) new developments relevant for high precision Standard Model calculations, (II) theoretical uncertainties and dataset dependence of parton distribution functions, (III) new developments in jet substructure techniques, (IV) issues in the theoretical description of the production of Standard Model Higgs bosons and how to relate experimental measurements, (V) phenomenological studies essential for comparing LHC data from Run II with theoretical predictions and projections for future measurements, and (VI) new developments in Monte Carlo event generators.},
  archiveprefix = {arxiv},
  keywords = {High Energy Physics - Phenomenology},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/MJSHB8VN/Bendavid et al. - 2018 - Les Houches 2017 Physics at TeV Colliders Standar.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/GWLAWWU4/1803.html}
}

@book{benediktFutureCircularCollider2019,
  title = {Future {{Circular Collider}} - {{European Strategy Update Documents}}},
  author = {Benedikt, Michael and Blondel, Alain and Brunner, Olivier and Capeans Garrido, Mar and Cerutti, Francesco and Gutleber, Johannes and Goddard, Brennan and Janot, Patrick and Jimenez, Jose Miguel and Klein, Max and Schulte, Daniel and Mangano, Michelangelo and Milanese, Attilio and Mertens, Volker and Oide, Katsunobu and Osborne, John Andrew and Otto, Thomas and Papaphilippou, Yannis and Poole, John and Riegler, Werner and Tavian, Laurent Jean and Tommasini, Davide and Zimmermann, Frank},
  year = {2019},
  abstract = {The most effective and comprehensive approach to thoroughly explore the open questions in modern particle physics is a staged research programme, integrating in sequence lepton (FCC-ee) and hadron (FCC-hh) collision programmes, to achieve an exhaustive understanding of the Standard Model and of electroweak symmetry breaking, and to maximize the potential for the discovery of phenomena beyond the Standard Model. The project would rely on a shared and cost effective technical and organizational infrastructure, as was the case with LEP followed by LHC. This integrated programme is complementary to other ongoing research activities and leverages cross-disciplinary synergies to expand our understanding of the universe. It cements and enlarges Europe's leadership in particle and high-energy physics for decades to come. This document provides an overview of the physics potential of the integrated FCC programme and outlines its implementation scenario},
  keywords = {ACC,Accelerators and Storage Rings,EASITRAIN,ep collider,EuroCirCol,hadron collider,hadron injectors,lepton collider,lepton injectors}
}

@article{bernhardBayesianEstimationSpecific2019,
  title = {Bayesian Estimation of the Specific Shear and Bulk Viscosity of Quark\textendash Gluon Plasma},
  author = {Bernhard, Jonah E. and Moreland, J. Scott and Bass, Steffen A.},
  year = {2019},
  month = nov,
  journal = {Nat. Phys.},
  volume = {15},
  number = {11},
  pages = {1113--1117},
  publisher = {{Nature Publishing Group}},
  issn = {1745-2481},
  doi = {10.1038/s41567-019-0611-8},
  url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/s41567-019-0611-8},
  urldate = {2022-11-24},
  abstract = {Ultrarelativistic collisions of heavy atomic nuclei produce an extremely hot and dense phase of matter, known as quark\textendash gluon plasma (QGP), which behaves like a near-perfect fluid with the smallest specific shear viscosity\textemdash the ratio of the shear viscosity to the entropy density\textemdash of any known substance1. Due to its transience (lifetime\,\textasciitilde\,10-23\,s) and microscopic size (10-14\,m), the QGP cannot be observed directly, but only through the particles it emits; however, its characteristics can be inferred by matching the output of computational collision models to experimental observations. Previous work, using viscous relativistic hydrodynamics to simulate QGP, has achieved semiquantitative constraints on key physical properties, such as its specific shear and bulk viscosity, but with large, poorly defined uncertainties2\textendash 8. Here, we present the most precise estimates so far of QGP properties, including their quantitative uncertainties. By applying established Bayesian parameter estimation methods9 to a dynamical collision model and a wide variety of experimental data, we extract estimates of the temperature-dependent specific shear and bulk viscosity simultaneously with related initial-condition properties. The method is extensible to other collision models and experimental data and may be used to characterize additional aspects of high-energy nuclear collisions.},
  copyright = {2019 The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Computational science,Experimental nuclear physics,Theoretical nuclear physics},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/2Q6SQAWK/Bernhard et al. - 2019 - Bayesian estimation of the specific shear and bulk.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/R3SJRL6Y/s41567-019-0611-8.html}
}

@misc{bernhardBayesianParameterEstimation2018,
  title = {Bayesian Parameter Estimation for Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions},
  author = {Bernhard, Jonah E.},
  year = {2018},
  month = apr,
  number = {arXiv:1804.06469},
  eprint = {1804.06469},
  primaryclass = {hep-ph, physics:nucl-ex, physics:nucl-th, stat},
  publisher = {{arXiv}},
  doi = {10.48550/arXiv.1804.06469},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1804.06469},
  urldate = {2023-07-23},
  abstract = {I develop and apply a Bayesian method for quantitatively estimating properties of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP), an extremely hot and dense state of fluid-like matter created in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. The QGP cannot be directly observed -- it is extraordinarily tiny and ephemeral, about \$10\^\{-14\}\$ meters in size and living \$10\^\{-23\}\$ seconds before freezing into discrete particles -- but it can be indirectly characterized by matching the output of a computational collision model to experimental observations. The model, which takes the QGP properties of interest as input parameters, is calibrated to fit the experimental data, thereby extracting a posterior probability distribution for the parameters. In this dissertation, I construct a specific computational model of heavy-ion collisions and formulate the Bayesian parameter estimation method, which is based on general statistical techniques. I then apply these tools to estimate fundamental QGP properties, including its key transport coefficients and characteristics of the initial state of heavy-ion collisions. Perhaps most notably, I report the most precise estimate to date of the temperature-dependent specific shear viscosity \$\textbackslash eta/s\$, the measurement of which is a primary goal of heavy-ion physics. The estimated minimum value is \$\textbackslash eta/s = 0.085\_\{-0.025\}\^\{+0.026\}\$ (posterior median and 90\% uncertainty), remarkably close to the conjectured lower bound of \$1/4\textbackslash pi \textbackslash simeq 0.08\$. The analysis also shows that \$\textbackslash eta/s\$ likely increases slowly as a function of temperature. Other estimated quantities include the temperature-dependent bulk viscosity \$\textbackslash zeta/s\$, the scaling of initial state entropy deposition, and the duration of the pre-equilibrium stage that precedes QGP formation.},
  archiveprefix = {arxiv},
  keywords = {High Energy Physics - Phenomenology,Nuclear Experiment,Nuclear Theory,Statistics - Applications},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/4D8ZHBVM/Bernhard - 2018 - Bayesian parameter estimation for relativistic hea.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/7B9T33I8/1804.html}
}

@article{bierlichAngantyrModelHeavyIon2018a,
  title = {The {{Angantyr}} Model for {{Heavy-Ion Collisions}} in {{PYTHIA8}}},
  author = {Bierlich, Christian and Gustafson, G{\"o}sta and L{\"o}nnblad, Leif and Shah, Harsh},
  year = {2018},
  month = oct,
  journal = {J. High Energ. Phys.},
  volume = {2018},
  number = {10},
  eprint = {1806.10820},
  pages = {134},
  issn = {1029-8479},
  doi = {10.1007/JHEP10(2018)134},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1806.10820},
  urldate = {2021-09-01},
  abstract = {We present a new model for building up complete exclusive hadronic final states in high energy nucleus collisions. It is a direct extrapolation of high energy pp collisions (as described by PYTHIA), and thus bridges a large part of the existing gap between heavy ion and high energy physics phenomenology. The model is inspired by the old Fritiof model and the notion of wounded nucleons. Two essential features are the treatment of multi-parton interactions and diffractive excitation in each NN sub-collision. Diffractive excitation is related to fluctuations in the nucleon partonic sub-structure, and fluctuations in both projectile and target are here included for the first time. The model is able to give a good description of general final-state properties such as multiplicity and transverse momentum distributions, both in pA and AA collisions. The model can therefore serve as a baseline for understanding the non-collective background to observables sensitive to collective behaviour. As PYTHIA does not include a mechanism to reproduce the collective effects seen in pp collisions, such effects are also not reproduced by the present version of Angantyr. Effects of high string density, shown to be able to reproduce e.g. higher strangeness ratios and the ridge in pp, will be added in future studies},
  archiveprefix = {arxiv},
  keywords = {High Energy Physics - Phenomenology},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/5WYVSMVS/Bierlich et al. - 2018 - The Angantyr model for Heavy-Ion Collisions in PYT.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/MB4G65I6/1806.html}
}

@article{bierlichCollectivityPlasmaHadronic2018a,
  title = {Collectivity without Plasma in Hadronic Collisions},
  author = {Bierlich, Christian and Gustafson, G{\"o}sta and L{\"o}nnblad, Leif},
  year = {2018},
  month = apr,
  journal = {Physics Letters B},
  volume = {779},
  eprint = {1710.09725},
  pages = {58--63},
  issn = {03702693},
  doi = {10.1016/j.physletb.2018.01.069},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1710.09725},
  urldate = {2021-09-01},
  abstract = {We present a microscopic model for collective effects in high multiplicity proton--proton collisions, where multiple partonic subcollisions give rise to a dense system of strings. From lattice calculations we know that QCD strings are transversely extended, and we argue that this should result in a transverse pressure and expansion, similar to the flow in a deconfined plasma. The model is implemented in the PYTHIA8 Monte Carlo event generator, and we find that it can qualitatively reproduce the long range azimuthal correlations forming a near-side ridge in high multiplicity proton--proton events at LHC energies.},
  archiveprefix = {arxiv},
  keywords = {High Energy Physics - Phenomenology,Nuclear Theory},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/GSIIGBBC/Bierlich et al. - 2018 - Collectivity without plasma in hadronic collisions.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/3D3P7XBQ/1710.html}
}

@misc{bierlichComprehensiveGuidePhysics2022,
  title = {A Comprehensive Guide to the Physics and Usage of {{PYTHIA}} 8.3},
  author = {Bierlich, Christian and Chakraborty, Smita and Desai, Nishita and Gellersen, Leif and Helenius, Ilkka and Ilten, Philip and L{\"o}nnblad, Leif and Mrenna, Stephen and Prestel, Stefan and Preuss, Christian T. and Sj{\"o}strand, Torbj{\"o}rn and Skands, Peter and Utheim, Marius and Verheyen, Rob},
  year = {2022},
  month = mar,
  number = {arXiv:2203.11601},
  eprint = {2203.11601},
  primaryclass = {hep-ex, physics:hep-ph},
  publisher = {{arXiv}},
  doi = {10.48550/arXiv.2203.11601},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/2203.11601},
  urldate = {2023-02-03},
  abstract = {This manual describes the PYTHIA 8.3 event generator, the most recent version of an evolving physics tool used to answer fundamental questions in particle physics. The program is most often used to generate high-energy-physics collision "events", i.e. sets of particles produced in association with the collision of two incoming high-energy particles, but has several uses beyond that. The guiding philosophy is to produce and reproduce properties of experimentally obtained collisions as accurately as possible. The program includes a wide ranges of reactions within and beyond the Standard Model, and extending to heavy ion physics. Emphasis is put on phenomena where strong interactions play a major role. The manual contains both pedagogical and practical components. All included physics models are described in enough detail to allow the user to obtain a cursory overview of used assumptions and approximations, enabling an informed evaluation of the program output. A number of the most central algorithms are described in enough detail that the main results of the program can be reproduced independently, allowing further development of existing models or the addition of new ones. Finally, a chapter dedicated fully to the user is included towards the end, providing pedagogical examples of standard use cases, and a detailed description of a number of external interfaces. The program code, the online manual, and the latest version of this print manual can be found on the PYTHIA web page: https://www.pythia.org/},
  archiveprefix = {arxiv},
  keywords = {High Energy Physics - Experiment,High Energy Physics - Phenomenology},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/LPJIFYQX/Bierlich et al. - 2022 - A comprehensive guide to the physics and usage of .pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/QAZBIACN/2203.html}
}

@article{bierlichEffectsColourReconnection2015b,
  title = {Effects of {{Colour Reconnection}} on {{Hadron Flavour Observables}}},
  author = {Bierlich, Christian and Christiansen, Jesper Roy},
  year = {2015},
  month = nov,
  journal = {Phys. Rev. D},
  volume = {92},
  number = {9},
  eprint = {1507.02091},
  pages = {094010},
  issn = {1550-7998, 1550-2368},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRevD.92.094010},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1507.02091},
  urldate = {2021-09-01},
  abstract = {We present a comparison between two recently developed colour reconnection models, the new colour reconnection model in PYTHIA and the DIPSY rope hadronization model. Specifically we investigate ratios of identified hadron yields as a function of the final-state activity, as measured by the charged multiplicity. Since both models have a nontrivial dependence on the final-state activity, the above observables serve as excellent probes to test the effect of these models. Both models show a clear baryon enhancement with increasing multiplicity, while only the DIPSY rope model leads to a strangeness enhancement. Flow-like patterns, previously found to be connected to colour reconnection models, are investigated for the new models. Only PYTHIA shows a \$p\_\textbackslash perp\$-dependent enhancement of the \$\textbackslash Lambda/K\$ ratio as the final-state activity increases, with the enhancement being largest in the mid-\$p\_\textbackslash perp\$ region.},
  archiveprefix = {arxiv},
  keywords = {High Energy Physics - Phenomenology},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/D7CS6N6D/Bierlich and Christiansen - 2015 - Effects of Colour Reconnection on Hadron Flavour O.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/NJZ4BDK4/1507.html}
}

@article{bierlichEffectsOverlappingStrings2015a,
  title = {Effects of {{Overlapping Strings}} in Pp {{Collisions}}},
  author = {Bierlich, Christian and Gustafson, G{\"o}sta and L{\"o}nnblad, Leif and Tarasov, Andrey},
  year = {2015},
  month = feb,
  journal = {arXiv:1412.6259 [hep-ph]},
  eprint = {1412.6259},
  primaryclass = {hep-ph},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1412.6259},
  urldate = {2021-09-01},
  abstract = {In models for hadron collisions based on string hadronization, the strings are usually treated as independent, allowing no interaction between the confined colour fields. In studies of nucleus collisions it has been suggested that strings close in space can fuse to form "colour ropes". Such ropes are expected to give more strange particles and baryons, which also has been suggested as a signal for plasma formation. Overlapping strings can also be expected in pp collisions, where usually no phase transition is expected. In particular at the high LHC energies the expected density of strings is quite high. To investigate possible effects of rope formation, we present a model in which strings are allowed to combine into higher multiplets, giving rise to increased production of baryons and strangeness, or recombine into singlet structures and vanish. Also a crude model for strings recombining into junction structures is considered, again giving rise to increased baryon production. The models are implemented in the DIPSY MC event generator, using PYTHIA 8 for hadronization, and comparison to pp minimum bias data, reveals improvement in the description of identified particle spectra.},
  archiveprefix = {arxiv},
  keywords = {High Energy Physics - Phenomenology},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/JY7NUSNA/Bierlich et al. - 2015 - Effects of Overlapping Strings in pp Collisions.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/J5PK4XQS/1412.html}
}

@article{bierlichHadronicRescatteringPA2021a,
  title = {Hadronic {{Rescattering}} in {{pA}} and {{AA Collisions}}},
  author = {Bierlich, Christian and Sj{\"o}strand, Torbj{\"o}rn and Utheim, Marius},
  year = {2021},
  month = jul,
  journal = {Eur. Phys. J. A},
  volume = {57},
  number = {7},
  eprint = {2103.09665},
  pages = {227},
  issn = {1434-6001, 1434-601X},
  doi = {10.1140/epja/s10050-021-00543-3},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/2103.09665},
  urldate = {2021-09-01},
  abstract = {In a recent article we presented a model for hadronic rescattering, and some results were shown for pp collisions at LHC energies. In order to extend the studies to pA and AA collisions, the Angantyr model for heavy-ion collisions is taken as the starting point. Both these models are implemented within the general-purpose Monte Carlo event generator Pythia, which makes the matching reasonably straightforward, and allows for detailed studies of the full space--time evolution. The rescattering rate is significantly higher than in pp, especially for central AA collisions, where the typical primary hadron rescatters several times. We study the impact of rescattering on a number of distributions, such as pT and eta spectra, and the space--time evolution of the whole collision process. Notably rescattering is shown to give a significant contribution to elliptic flow in XeXe and PbPb, and to give a nontrivial impact on charm production.},
  archiveprefix = {arxiv},
  keywords = {High Energy Physics - Phenomenology,Nuclear Theory},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/JXFDZLNI/Bierlich et al. - 2021 - Hadronic Rescattering in pA and AA Collisions.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/TUNYI8D8/2103.html}
}

@article{bierlichSettingStringShoving2021,
  title = {Setting the String Shoving Picture in a New Frame},
  author = {Bierlich, Christian and Chakraborty, Smita and Gustafson, G{\"o}sta and L{\"o}nnblad, Leif},
  year = {2021},
  month = mar,
  journal = {J. High Energ. Phys.},
  volume = {2021},
  number = {3},
  eprint = {2010.07595},
  pages = {270},
  issn = {1029-8479},
  doi = {10.1007/JHEP03(2021)270},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/2010.07595},
  urldate = {2021-09-01},
  abstract = {Based on the recent success of the \textbackslash angantyr model in describing multiplicity distributions of the hadronic final state in high energy heavy ion collisions, we investigate how far one can go with a such a string-based scenario to describe also flow effects measured in such collisions. For this purpose we improve our previous so-called \textbackslash textit\{shoving\} model, where strings that are close in space--time tend to repel each other in a way that could generate anisotropic flow, and we find that this model can indeed generate such flows in \textbackslash AA\textbackslash{} collisions. The flow generated is not quite enough to reproduce measurements, but we identify some short-comings in the presented implementation of the model that, when fixed, could plausibly give a more realistic amount of flow.},
  archiveprefix = {arxiv},
  keywords = {High Energy Physics - Phenomenology,Nuclear Theory},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/MNCYBTQ8/Bierlich et al. - 2021 - Setting the string shoving picture in a new frame.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/I2HB7XYD/2010.html}
}

@article{bierlichShovingModelCollectivity2016,
  title = {A Shoving Model for Collectivity in Hadronic Collisions},
  author = {Bierlich, Christian and Gustafson, G{\"o}sta and L{\"o}nnblad, Leif},
  year = {2016},
  month = dec,
  journal = {arXiv:1612.05132 [hep-ph, physics:nucl-th]},
  eprint = {1612.05132},
  primaryclass = {hep-ph, physics:nucl-th},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1612.05132},
  urldate = {2021-09-01},
  abstract = {An extension of the rope hadronization model, which has previously provided good descriptions of hadrochemistry in high multiplicity pp collisions, is presented. The extension includes a dynamically generated transverse pressure, produced by the excess energy from overlapping strings. We find that this model can qualitatively reproduce soft features of Quark Gluon Plasma in small systems, such as higher \$\textbackslash langle p\_\textbackslash perp \textbackslash rangle\$ for heavier particles and long range azimuthal correlations forming a ridge. The effects are similar to those obtained from a hydrodynamic expansion, but without assuming a thermalized medium.},
  archiveprefix = {arxiv},
  keywords = {High Energy Physics - Phenomenology,Nuclear Theory},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/5WA38ZE4/Bierlich et al. - 2016 - A shoving model for collectivity in hadronic colli.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/4YTRP3FU/1612.html}
}

@techreport{bjorkenCurrentAlgebraSmall2018,
  title = {Current {{Algebra}} at {{Small Distances}}},
  author = {Bjorken, J.},
  year = {2018},
  month = jun,
  number = {SLAC-PUB-0338},
  institution = {{SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)}},
  url = {https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1444446},
  urldate = {2023-02-16},
  abstract = {The U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Scientific and Technical Information},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/QBXHJN6J/Bjorken - 2018 - Current Algebra at Small Distances.pdf}
}

@article{bjorkenHighlyRelativisticNucleusnucleus1983,
  title = {Highly Relativistic Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions: {{The}} Central Rapidity Region},
  shorttitle = {Highly Relativistic Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions},
  author = {Bjorken, J. D.},
  year = {1983},
  month = jan,
  journal = {Phys. Rev. D},
  volume = {27},
  number = {1},
  pages = {140--151},
  publisher = {{American Physical Society}},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRevD.27.140},
  url = {https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevD.27.140},
  urldate = {2021-08-18},
  abstract = {The space-time evolution of the hadronic matter produced in the central rapidity region in extreme relativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions is described. We find, in agreement with previous studies, that quark-gluon plasma is produced at a temperature {$\greaterequivlnt$}200-300 MeV, and that it should survive over a time scale {$\greaterequivlnt$}5 fm/c. Our description relies on the existence of a flat central plateau and on the applicability of hydrodynamics.},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/VC53KXR4/Bjorken - 1983 - Highly relativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions Th.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/5H66AKZ9/PhysRevD.27.html}
}

@misc{blobelNewMethodHighPrecision2002,
  title = {A {{New Method}} for the {{High-Precision Alignment}} of {{Track Detectors}}},
  author = {Blobel, Volker and Kleinwort, Claus},
  year = {2002},
  month = aug,
  number = {arXiv:hep-ex/0208021},
  eprint = {hep-ex/0208021},
  publisher = {{arXiv}},
  doi = {10.48550/arXiv.hep-ex/0208021},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-ex/0208021},
  urldate = {2023-07-23},
  abstract = {Track detectors in high energy physics experiments require an accurate determination of a large number of alignment parameters. A general method has been developed, which allows the determination of up to several thousand alignment parameters in a simultaneous linear least squares fit of an arbitrary number of tracks. The sensitivity of the method is demonstrated in an example of the simultaneous alignment of a 56-plane drift chamber and a 2-plane silicon tracker. About 1400 alignment parameters are determined in a fit of about fifty thousand tracks.},
  archiveprefix = {arxiv},
  keywords = {High Energy Physics - Experiment},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/GIAZRHFP/Blobel and Kleinwort - 2002 - A New Method for the High-Precision Alignment of T.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/PX5LATJU/0208021.html}
}

@book{bloodworthALICECentralTrigger2000,
  title = {The {{ALICE}} Central Trigger Processor},
  author = {Bloodworth, Ian J. and {Di Marzo-Serugendo}, G. and Evans, D. and Jones, G. T. and Jovanovic, P. and Jusko, A. and Kinson, J. B. and Kirk, A. and Lenti, V. and Lupt{\'a}k, M. and Norman, P. I. and S{\'a}ndor, L. and {Van de Vyvre}, P. and Villalobos Baillie, O.},
  year = {2000},
  publisher = {{CERN}},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Detectors and Experimental Techniques}
}

@book{braibantParticlesFundamentalInteractions2012,
  title = {Particles and {{Fundamental Interactions}}},
  author = {Braibant, Sylvie and Giacomelli, Giorgio and Spurio, Maurizio},
  year = {2012},
  series = {Undergraduate {{Lecture Notes}} in {{Physics}}},
  publisher = {{Springer Netherlands}},
  address = {{Dordrecht}},
  doi = {10.1007/978-94-007-2464-8},
  url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-94-007-2464-8},
  urldate = {2023-02-06},
  isbn = {978-94-007-2463-1 978-94-007-2464-8},
  keywords = {Giorgio Giacomelli book,hadrons and quarks,introduction to elementary particle physics,nuclear and subnuclear physics,particle acceleration,particle and nuclear physics textbook,positron-electron collisions,subnuclear physics introduction,undergraduate particle physics,weak interaction},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/2Z8944UA/Braibant et al. - 2012 - Particles and Fundamental Interactions.pdf}
}

@article{breitCaptureSlowNeutrons1936,
  title = {Capture of {{Slow Neutrons}}},
  author = {Breit, G. and Wigner, E.},
  year = {1936},
  month = apr,
  journal = {Phys. Rev.},
  volume = {49},
  number = {7},
  pages = {519--531},
  publisher = {{American Physical Society}},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRev.49.519},
  url = {https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRev.49.519},
  urldate = {2023-06-29},
  abstract = {Current theories of the large cross sections of slow neutrons are contradicted by frequent absence of strong scattering in good absorbers as well as the existence of resonance bands. These facts can be accounted for by supposing that in addition to the usual effect there exist transitions to virtual excitation states of the nucleus in which not only the captured neutron but, in addition to this, one of the particles of the original nucleus is in an excited state. Radiation damping due to the emission of {$\gamma$}-rays broadens the resonance and reduces scattering in comparison with absorption by a large factor. Interaction with the nucleus is most probable through the s part of the incident wave. The higher the resonance region, the smaller will be the absorption. For a resonance region at 50 volts the cross section at resonance may be as high as 10-19 cm2 and 0.5\texttimes 10-20 cm2 at thermal energy. The estimated probability of having a nuclear level in the low energy region is sufficiently high to make the explanation reasonable. Temperature effects and absorption of filtered radiation point to the existence of bands which fit in with the present theory.},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/9EA98JW3/PhysRev.49.html}
}

@techreport{brunGEANTUserGuide1987,
  title = {{{GEANT}} 3: User's Guide {{Geant}} 3.10, {{Geant}} 3.11; Rev. Version},
  shorttitle = {{{GEANT}} 3},
  author = {Brun, R and Bruyant, F and Maire, M and McPherson, A C and Zanarini, P},
  year = {1987},
  address = {{Geneva}},
  institution = {{CERN}},
  url = {https://cds.cern.ch/record/1119728},
  urldate = {2023-04-27},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/4QFFUAVR/Brun et al. - 1987 - GEANT 3 user's guide Geant 3.10, Geant 3.11\; rev..pdf}
}

@misc{bukinFittingFunctionAsymmetric2007,
  title = {Fitting Function for Asymmetric Peaks},
  author = {Bukin, A. D.},
  year = {2007},
  month = dec,
  number = {arXiv:0711.4449},
  eprint = {0711.4449},
  primaryclass = {physics},
  publisher = {{arXiv}},
  doi = {10.48550/arXiv.0711.4449},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/0711.4449},
  urldate = {2022-07-14},
  abstract = {In the paper a new fitting function is suggested, which can essentially increase the existing instrumentation for fitting of asymmetric peaks with the only maximum.},
  archiveprefix = {arxiv},
  keywords = {Physics - Computational Physics,{Physics - Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability}},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/XZZS3ZR7/Bukin - 2007 - Fitting function for asymmetric peaks.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/S6REKB7J/0711.html}
}

@misc{caffarridavideCharmSuppressionPbPb2012,
  title = {Charm suppression in {Pb}-{Pb} collisions at the {LHC} measured using ${D}^{0} \rightarrow {K}^{-} \pi^{+}$ reconstruction with the {ALICE} experiment},
  author = {{Caffarri, Davide}},
  year = {2012},
  month = jan,
  url = {https://www.research.unipd.it/handle/11577/3422170?mode=complete},
  urldate = {2023-04-17},
  abstract = {La tesi descrive la misura della modifica della produzione di quark charm, in collisioni tra ioni piombo al Large Hadron Collider. Questa misura permette di studiare l'interazione del quark charm con il mezzo ad alta densità e fortemente interagente, formato in collisioni di ioni pesanti ad energie ultra-relativistiche e le proprietà di questo stato della materia. I partoni che attraversano il mezzo perdono energia per emissione di gluoni (gluonnstrahlung) e collisioni elastiche con gli altri partoni del mezzo. Il quark charm permette di studiare come variano le proprietà dell'interazione in funzione della massa e della carica di colore del quark, poiché i modelli teorici prevedono un comportamento diverso dei quark pesanti nel mezzo, rispetto a quelli leggeri. La misura presentata in questa tesi è la prima fatta in collisioni tra nuclei pesanti, attraverso la ricostruzione esclusiva dei mesoni D nel loro decadimento adronico. In particolare, verrà presentata la strategia di ricostruzione del mesone D0 nel suo decadimento in due corpi D0->K-π+, fatta con l'esperimento ALICE. Verranno, quindi, illustrati i risultati ottenuti con i dati di collisioni Pb-Pb ad un energia nel centro di massa per coppia di nucleoni di 2.76 TeV. In particolare, è stata studiata l'ottimizzazione dei tagli di selezione per misurare il segnale, estratto con un'analisi di massa invariante. Le efficienze di selezione e ricostruzione delle particelle e gli effetti di accettanza del rivelatore, sono stati considerati con uno studio Monte Carlo, per considerare gli effetti sperimentali. Nella tesi viene anche descritto in dettaglio lo studio sulle incertezze sistematiche. Il confronto delle sezioni d'urto di produzione ottenute in collisioni Pb-Pb e protone-protone, alla stessa energia, permette di misurare il fattore di modifica nucleare del mesone D0, prima evidenza diretta di perdita energia del quark charm nel mezzo. La misura è stata confrontata con altri risultati ottenuti nel settore dei quark pesanti alla stessa energia, e con la soppressione degli adroni carichi, per valutare le dipendenze dalla massa e dalla carica di colore del quark, nella sua interazione con il mezzo. I risultati sono stati confrontati con modelli teorici che descrivono la perdita di energia del quark charm, utilizzando diversi metodi di calcolo. I risultati sono stati recentemente approvati dalla collaborazione ALICE, una pubblicazione è stata proposta ed è in fase di review nella collaborazione.},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/ZBJTFL7Z/3422170.html}
}

@article{callanHighEnergyElectroproductionConstitution1969,
  title = {High-{{Energy Electroproduction}} and the {{Constitution}} of the {{Electric Current}}},
  author = {Callan, C. G. and Gross, David J.},
  year = {1969},
  month = jan,
  journal = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
  volume = {22},
  number = {4},
  pages = {156--159},
  publisher = {{American Physical Society}},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.22.156},
  url = {https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.22.156},
  urldate = {2023-02-16},
  abstract = {The asymptotic behavior of electroproduction cross sections is shown to contain information about the constitution of the electric current.},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/4NQLNGRB/PhysRevLett.22.html}
}

@misc{campbellEventGeneratorsHighEnergy2022,
  title = {Event {{Generators}} for {{High-Energy Physics Experiments}}},
  author = {Campbell, J. M. and Diefenthaler, M. and Hobbs, T. J. and H{\"o}che, S. and Isaacson, J. and Kling, F. and Mrenna, S. and Reuter, J. and Alioli, S. and Andersen, J. R. and Andreopoulos, C. and Ankowski, A. M. and Aschenauer, E. C. and Ashkenazi, A. and Baker, M. D. and Barrow, J. L. and {van Beekveld}, M. and Bewick, G. and Bhattacharya, S. and Bierlich, C. and Bothmann, E. and Bredt, P. and Broggio, A. and Buckley, A. and Butter, A. and Butterworth, J. M. and Byrne, E. P. and Chakraborty, S. and Chen, X. and Chiesa, M. and Childers, J. T. and {Cruz-Martinez}, J. and Currie, J. and Darvishi, N. and Dasgupta, M. and Denner, A. and Dreyer, F. A. and Dytman, S. and {El-Menoufi}, B. K. and Engel, T. and Ravasio, S. Ferrario and Figueroa, D. and Flower, L. and Forshaw, J. R. and Frederix, R. and Friedland, A. and Frixione, S. and Gallagher, H. and Gallmeister, K. and Gardiner, S. and Gauld, R. and Gavardi, A. and Gehrmann, T. and Ridder, A. Gehrmann-De and Gellersen, L. and Giele, W. and Gieseke, S. and Giuli, F. and Glover, E. W. N. and Grazzini, M. and Grohsjean, A. and G{\"u}tschow, C. and Hamilton, K. and Han, T. and Hatcher, R. and Heinrich, G. and Helenius, I. and Hen, O. and Hirschi, V. and H{\"o}fer, M. and Holguin, J. and Huss, A. and Ilten, P. and Jadach, S. and Jentsch, A. and Jones, S. P. and Ju, W. and Kallweit, S. and Karlberg, A. and Katori, T. and Kerner, M. and Kilian, W. and Kirchgae{\ss}er, M. M. and Klein, S. and Knobbe, M. and Krause, C. and Krauss, F. and Lang, J. and Lang, J.-N. and Lee, G. and Li, S. W. and Lim, M. A. and Lindert, J. M. and Lombardi, D. and L{\"o}nnblad, L. and L{\"o}schner, M. and Lurkin, N. and Ma, Y. and Machado, P. and Magerya, V. and Maier, A. and Majer, I. and Maltoni, F. and Marcoli, M. and Marinelli, G. and Masouminia, M. R. and Mastrolia, P. and Mattelaer, O. and Mazzitelli, J. and McFayden, J. and Medves, R. and Meinzinger, P. and Mo, J. and Monni, P. F. and Morgan, T. and Mosel, U. and Nachman, B. and Nadolsky, P. and Nagar, R. and Nagy, Z. and Napoletano, D. and Nason, P. and Neumann, T. and Nevay, L. J. and Niehues, J. and Niewczas, K. and Ohl, T. and Ossola, G. and Pandey, V. and Papadopoulou, A. and Papaefstathiou, A. and Paz, G. and Pellen, M. and Pelliccioli, G. and Peraro, T. and Pickering, L. and Pires, J. and Pl{\"a}tzer, S. and Plehn, T. and Pozzorini, S. and Prestel, S. and Preuss, C. T. and Price, A. C. and Quackenbush, S. and Re, E. and Reichelt, D. and Reina, L. and Reuschle, C. and Richardson, P. and Rocco, M. and Rocco, N. and Roda, M. and Garcia, A. Rodriguez and Roiser, S. and Rojo, J. and Rottoli, L. and Salam, G. P. and Sch{\"o}nherr, M. and Schuchmann, S. and Schumann, S. and Sch{\"u}rmann, R. and Scyboz, L. and Seymour, M. H. and Siegert, F. and Signer, A. and Chahal, G. Singh and Si{\'o}dmok, A. and Sj{\"o}strand, T. and Skands, P. and Smillie, J. M. and Sobczyk, J. T. and Soldin, D. and Soper, D. E. and {Soto-Ontoso}, A. and Soyez, G. and Stagnitto, G. and {Tena-Vidal}, J. and Tomalak, O. and Tramontano, F. and Trojanowski, S. and Tu, Z. and Uccirati, S. and Ullrich, T. and Ulrich, Y. and Utheim, M. and Valassi, A. and Verbytskyi, A. and Verheyen, R. and Wagman, M. and Walker, D. and Webber, B. R. and Weinstein, L. and White, O. and Whitehead, J. and Wiesemann, M. and Wilkinson, C. and Williams, C. and Winterhalder, R. and Wret, C. and Xie, K. and Yang, T.-Z. and Yazgan, E. and Zanderighi, G. and Zanoli, S. and Zapp, K.},
  year = {2022},
  month = oct,
  number = {arXiv:2203.11110},
  eprint = {2203.11110},
  primaryclass = {hep-ex, physics:hep-ph},
  publisher = {{arXiv}},
  doi = {10.48550/arXiv.2203.11110},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/2203.11110},
  urldate = {2023-02-03},
  abstract = {We provide an overview of the status of Monte-Carlo event generators for high-energy particle physics. Guided by the experimental needs and requirements, we highlight areas of active development, and opportunities for future improvements. Particular emphasis is given to physics models and algorithms that are employed across a variety of experiments. These common themes in event generator development lead to a more comprehensive understanding of physics at the highest energies and intensities, and allow models to be tested against a wealth of data that have been accumulated over the past decades. A cohesive approach to event generator development will allow these models to be further improved and systematic uncertainties to be reduced, directly contributing to future experimental success. Event generators are part of a much larger ecosystem of computational tools. They typically involve a number of unknown model parameters that must be tuned to experimental data, while maintaining the integrity of the underlying physics models. Making both these data, and the analyses with which they have been obtained accessible to future users is an essential aspect of open science and data preservation. It ensures the consistency of physics models across a variety of experiments.},
  archiveprefix = {arxiv},
  keywords = {High Energy Physics - Experiment,High Energy Physics - Phenomenology},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/ZNI7FBNL/Campbell et al. - 2022 - Event Generators for High-Energy Physics Experimen.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/UJJ3EWTD/2203.html}
}

@article{carminatiALICEPhysicsPerformance2004,
  title = {{{ALICE}}: {{Physics Performance Report}}, {{Volume I}}},
  shorttitle = {{{ALICE}}},
  author = {Carminati, F. and Foka, P. and Giubellino, P. and Morsch, A. and Paic, G. and Revol, J.-P. and Safar{\'i}k, K. and Schutz, Y. and Wiedemann (editors), U. A.},
  year = {2004},
  month = oct,
  journal = {J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys.},
  volume = {30},
  number = {11},
  pages = {1517},
  issn = {0954-3899},
  doi = {10.1088/0954-3899/30/11/001},
  url = {https://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0954-3899/30/11/001},
  urldate = {2023-03-18},
  abstract = {ALICE is a general-purpose heavy-ion experiment designed to study the physics of strongly interacting matter and the quark\textendash gluon plasma in nucleus\textendash nucleus collisions at the LHC. It currently includes more than 900 physicists and senior engineers, from both nuclear and high-energy physics, from about 80 institutions in 28 countries. The experiment was approved in February 1997. The detailed design of the different detector systems has been laid down in a number of Technical Design Reports issued between mid-1998 and the end of 2001 and construction has started for most detectors. Since the last comprehensive information on detector and physics performance was published in the ALICE Technical Proposal in 1996, the detector as well as simulation, reconstruction and analysis software have undergone significant development. The Physics Performance Report (PPR) will give an updated and comprehensive summary of the current status and performance of the various ALICE subsystems, including updates to the Technical Design Reports, where appropriate, as well as a description of systems which have not been published in a Technical Design Report. The PPR will be published in two volumes. The current Volume I contains: a short theoretical overview and an extensive reference list concerning the physics topics of interest to ALICE, relevant experimental conditions at the LHC, a short summary and update of the subsystem designs, and a description of the offline framework and Monte Carlo generators. Volume II, which will be published separately, will contain detailed simulations of combined detector performance, event reconstruction, and analysis of a representative sample of relevant physics observables from global event characteristics to hard processes.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/78DQZHPF/Carminati et al. - 2004 - ALICE Physics Performance Report, Volume I.pdf}
}

@article{carnesecchiPerformanceALICETimeOfFlight2019,
  title = {Performance of the {{ALICE Time-Of-Flight}} Detector at the {{LHC}}},
  author = {Carnesecchi, Francesca},
  year = {2019},
  month = jun,
  journal = {J. Inst.},
  volume = {14},
  number = {06},
  eprint = {1806.03825},
  primaryclass = {physics},
  pages = {C06023-C06023},
  issn = {1748-0221},
  doi = {10.1088/1748-0221/14/06/C06023},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1806.03825},
  urldate = {2023-03-28},
  abstract = {The ALICE Time-Of-Flight (TOF) detector at LHC is based on the Multigap Resistive Plate Chambers (MRPCs). The TOF performance during LHC Run 2 is here reported. Particular attention is given to the improved time resolution reached by TOF detector of \$56\$ ps, with the consequently improved particle identification capabilities.},
  archiveprefix = {arxiv},
  keywords = {Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/4WM5DPD2/Carnesecchi - 2019 - Performance of the ALICE Time-Of-Flight detector a.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/6FN96RV3/1806.html}
}

@article{carruthersIsospinSymmetryTCP1968,
  title = {Isospin Symmetry, {{TCP}}, and Local Field Theory},
  author = {Carruthers, P.},
  year = {1968},
  month = jan,
  journal = {Physics Letters B},
  volume = {26},
  number = {3},
  pages = {158--160},
  issn = {0370-2693},
  doi = {10.1016/0370-2693(68)90515-7},
  url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0370269368905157},
  urldate = {2023-05-19},
  abstract = {The C, P and T transformations are studied for free fields of spin S and isospin I. For self-conjugate fields the square of TCP = {$\Theta$} is independent of the order of the operators and is (-1)FS+FI where FS, FI are the fermion number and isofermion number. For pair conjugate fields {$\Theta$}2 is in general an order-dependent gauge transformation.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/YE9WG22B/0370269368905157.html}
}

@book{carruthersQuarkiumBizarreFermi1974,
  title = {Quarkium: {{A}} Bizarre {{Fermi}} Liquid},
  shorttitle = {Quarkium},
  author = {Carruthers, Peter A.},
  year = {1974},
  journal = {Collect. Phenom.},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {XX}
}

@article{cdfcollaborationObservationTopQuark1995,
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  year = {1995},
  month = apr,
  journal = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
  volume = {74},
  number = {14},
  pages = {2626-2631},
  publisher = {American Physical Society},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.74.2626},
  url = {https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.74.2626},
  urldate = {2023-02-19},
  abstract = {We establish the existence of the top quark using a 67pb−1 data sample of ¯pp collisions at √s=1.8TeV collected with the Collider Detector at Fermilab (CDF). Employing techniques similar to those we previously published, we observe a signal consistent with t¯t decay to WWb¯b, but inconsistent with the background prediction by 4.8σ. Additional evidence for the top quark is provided by a peak in the reconstructed mass distribution. We measure the top quark mass to be 176±8(stat)±10(syst)GeV/c2, and the t¯t production cross section to be 6.8+3.6−2.4pb., This article appears in the following collection:},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/H7ZYNDRN/CDF Collaboration et al. - 1995 - Observation of Top Quark Production in $overline .pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/NAEFH3S2/PhysRevLett.74.html}
}

@misc{cern152ndLHCCMeeting2022,
  title = {152nd {{LHCC Meeting}} - {{OPEN Session}}},
  author = {{CERN}},
  year = {2022},
  month = nov,
  journal = {Indico},
  url = {https://indico.cern.ch/event/1219913/},
  urldate = {2023-07-16},
  abstract = {CERN-LHCC-2022-015 and LHCC-A-152~Live Webcast - All CERN staff and Users are welcome to attend the Open Session.The CLOSED Session will take place in Charpak Room, 60/6-002,~ on Wednesday afternoon and on Thursday morning.},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/8AUBXVRW/1219913.html}
}

@misc{cernAcceleratorComplex2023,
  title = {The Accelerator Complex},
  author = {{CERN}},
  year = {2023},
  url = {https://home.cern/science/accelerators/accelerator-complex},
  urldate = {2023-03-11},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/J7EKLKA9/accelerator-complex.html}
}

@misc{cerncouncilConventionEstablishmentEuropean1953,
  title = {Convention for the {{Establishment}} of a {{European Organization}} for {{Nuclear Research}}},
  author = {{CERN Council}},
  year = {1953},
  month = jul,
  url = {https://council.web.cern.ch/en/content/convention-establishment-european-organization-nuclear-research},
  urldate = {2023-03-07},
  annotation = {Paris, 1st July, 1953 as amended on 17 January 1971},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/RKGWVSA6/convention-establishment-european-organization-nuclear-research.html}
}

@misc{cernFutureCircularCollider2023,
  title = {The {{Future Circular Collider}}},
  author = {{CERN}},
  year = {2023},
  month = feb,
  journal = {CERN},
  url = {https://home.cern/science/accelerators/future-circular-collider},
  urldate = {2023-03-09},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/36P7R2YK/future-circular-collider.html}
}

@misc{cernGreybook2023,
  title = {Greybook},
  author = {{CERN}},
  year = {2023},
  url = {https://greybook.cern.ch/},
  urldate = {2023-03-12},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/BN4SALE7/greybook.cern.ch.html}
}

@misc{cernLHCCommissioning2018,
  title = {{{LHC}} Commissioning},
  author = {{CERN}},
  year = {2018},
  url = {https://lhc-commissioning.web.cern.ch/},
  urldate = {2023-03-12},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/S8TPTT5B/lhc-commissioning.web.cern.ch.html}
}

@book{cernLHCGuide2017,
  title = {{{LHC Guide}}},
  author = {{CERN}},
  year = {2017},
  series = {{{CERN-Brochure-2017-002-Eng}}},
  abstract = {This brochure contains a collections of facts and figures about the LHC and the LHC experiments, in the form of questions and answers. It is regularly updated (last update: February 2017)},
  copyright = {\textcopyright{} CERN Geneva: The use of this material requires prior authorization (from CERN copyright). The words CERN-Brochure-2017-002-Eng must be quoted for each use.},
  langid = {english}
}

@misc{cernNewResultsIndicate2023,
  title = {New Results Indicate That Particle Discovered at {{CERN}} Is a {{Higgs}} Boson},
  author = {{CERN}},
  year = {2023},
  month = mar,
  journal = {CERN},
  url = {https://home.web.cern.ch/news/press-release/cern/new-results-indicate-particle-discovered-cern-higgs-boson},
  urldate = {2023-05-13},
  abstract = {Geneva, 14 March 2013. At the Moriond Conference today, the ATLAS and CMS collaborations at CERN1's Large Hadron Collider (LHC) presented preliminary new results that further elucidate the particle discovered last year.~ Having analysed two and a half times more data than was available for the discovery announcement in July, they find that the new particle is looking more and more like a Higgs boson, the particle linked to the mechanism that gives mass to elementary particles. It remains an open question, however, whether this is the Higgs boson of the Standard Model of particle physics, or possibly the lightest of several bosons predicted in some theories that go beyond the Standard Model. Finding the answer to this question will take time. Whether or not it is a Higgs boson is demonstrated by how it interacts with other particles, and its quantum properties. For example, a Higgs boson is postulated to have spin 0, and in the Standard Model its parity \textendash{} a measure of how its mirror image behaves \textendash{} should be positive. CMS and ATLAS have compared a number of options for the spin-parity of this particle, and these all prefer no spin and positive parity. This, coupled with the measured interactions of the new particle with other particles, strongly indicates that it is a Higgs boson. ``The preliminary results with the full 2012 data set are magnificent and to me it is clear that we are dealing with a Higgs boson though we still have a long way to go to know what kind of Higgs boson it is.'' said CMS spokesperson Joe Incandela. "The beautiful new results represent a huge effort by many dedicated people. They point to the new particle having the spin-parity of a Higgs boson as in the Standard Model. We are now well started on the measurement programme in the Higgs sector," said ATLAS spokesperson Dave Charlton. To determine if this is the Standard Model Higgs boson, the collaborations have, for example, to measure precisely the rate at which the boson decays into other particles and compare the results to the predictions. The detection of the boson is a very rare event - it takes around 1 trillion (1012) proton-proton collisions for each observed event. To characterize all of the decay modes will require much more data from the LHC. 1. CERN, the European Organization for Nuclear Research, is the world's leading laboratory for particle physics. It has its headquarters in Geneva. At present, its member states are Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Romania is a candidate for accession. Cyprus, Israel and Serbia are associate members in the pre-stage to membership. India, Japan, the Russian Federation, the United States of America, Turkey, the European Commission and UNESCO have observer status.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/IHDKWUAQ/new-results-indicate-particle-discovered-cern-higgs-boson.html}
}

@misc{cernNewStateMatter2023,
  title = {New {{State}} of {{Matter}} Created at {{CERN}}},
  author = {{CERN}},
  year = {2023},
  month = jan,
  journal = {CERN},
  url = {https://home.web.cern.ch/news/press-release/cern/new-state-matter-created-cern},
  urldate = {2023-01-29},
  abstract = {Geneva, 10 February 2000. At a special seminar on 10 February, spokespersons from the experiments on CERN1's Heavy Ion programme presented compelling evidence for the existence of a new state of matter in which quarks, instead of being bound up into more complex particles such as protons and neutrons, are liberated to roam freely. Geneva, 10 February 2000. At a special seminar on 10 February, spokespersons from the experiments on CERN1's Heavy Ion programme presented compelling evidence for the existence of a new state of matter in which quarks, instead of being bound up into more complex particles such as protons and neutrons, are liberated to roam freely. Theory predicts that this state must have existed at about 10 microseconds after the Big Bang, before the formation of matter as we know it today, but until now it had not been confirmed experimentally. Our understanding of how the universe was created, which was previously unverified theory for any point in time before the formation of ordinary atomic nuclei, about three minutes after the Big Bang, has with these results now been experimentally tested back to a point only a few microseconds after the Big Bang. Professor Luciano Maiani, CERN Director General, said "The combined data coming from the seven experiments on CERN's Heavy Ion programme have given a clear picture of a new state of matter. This result verifies an important prediction of the present theory of fundamental forces between quarks. It is also an important step forward in the understanding of the early evolution of the universe. We now have evidence of a new state of matter where quarks and gluons are not confined. There is still an entirely new territory to be explored concerning the physical properties of quark-gluon matter. The challenge now passes to the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider at the Brookhaven National Laboratory and later to CERN's Large Hadron Collider." The aim of CERN's Heavy Ion programme was to collide lead ions so as to create immensely high energy densities which would break down the forces which confined quarks inside more complex particles. A very high energy beam of lead ions (33 TeV) was accelerated in CERN's Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) and crashed into targets inside the seven different experimental detectors. The collisions created temperatures over 100 000 times as hot as the centre of the sun, and energy densities twenty times that of ordinary nuclear matter, densities which have never before been reached in laboratory experiments. The collected data from the experiments gives compelling evidence that a new state of matter has been created. This state of matter found in heavy ion collisions at the SPS features many of the characteristics of the theoretically predicted quark-gluon plasma, the primordial soup in which quarks and gluons existed before they clumped together as the universe cooled down. The lead beam programme started in 1994, after the CERN accelerators has been upgraded by a collaboration between CERN and institutes in the Czech Republic, France, India, Italy, Germany, Sweden and Switzerland. A new lead ion source was linked to pre-existing, interconnected accelerators, at CERN, the Proton Synchrotron (PS) and the SPS. The seven large experiments involved measured different aspects of lead-lead and lead-gold collisions. They were named NA44, NA45, NA49, NA50, NA52, WA97 / NA57 and WA98. Some of these experiments use multipurpose detectors to measure and correlate several of the more abundant observable phenomena. Others are dedicated experiments to detect rare signatures with high statistics. This co-ordinated effort using several complementing experiments has proven very successful. The project is an excellent example of collaboration in physics research. Scientists from institutes in over twenty countries** have participated in the experiments. The programme has also allowed a productive partnership to develop between high energy physicists and nuclear physicists. More importantly, this step forward has been made possible by the collaboration between the individual experiments. The picture of quark-gluon plasma resembles a jigsaw puzzle, with many pieces provided by the different experiments. The data from any one experiment is not enough to give the full picture but the combined results from all experiments agree and fit. Whereas all attempts to explain them using established particle interactions have failed, many of the observations are consistent with the predicted signatures of a quark-gluon plasma. The results from CERN present strong incentive for the future planned experiments. While all of the pieces of the puzzle seem to fit with a quark-gluon plasma explanation, it is essential to study this newly produced matter at higher and lower temperature in order to fully characterize its properties and definitively confirm the quark gluon plasma interpretation. The focus of heavy ion research now moves to the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) at the Brookhaven National Laboratory in the United States, which will start experiments this year. In 2005 CERN's Large Hadron Collider (LHC) experimental programme will include a dedicated heavy ion experiment, ALICE. !! MORE INFORMATION ON QUARK GLUON MATTER !! * CERN, the European Organization for Nuclear Research, has its headquarters in Geneva. At present, its Member States are Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. ~~Israel, Japan, the Russian Federation, the United States of America, Turkey, the European Commission and Unesco have observer status.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/IH6EU2WL/new-state-matter-created-cern.html}
}

@misc{cernOurPeople2023,
  title = {Our {{People}}},
  author = {{CERN}},
  year = {2023},
  month = feb,
  journal = {CERN},
  url = {https://home.cern/about/who-we-are/our-people},
  urldate = {2023-03-08},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/MDHA2HYX/our-people.html}
}

@misc{cernPuzzleGrandCollisionneur2023,
  title = {Puzzle: {{Le Grand}} Collisionneur de Hadrons},
  author = {{CERN}},
  year = {2023},
  url = {https://visit.cern/fr/content/lhc_puzzle},
  urldate = {2023-03-06},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/BIAYJVQH/lhc_puzzle.html}
}

@misc{cernThirdRunLarge2023,
  title = {The Third Run of the {{Large Hadron Collider}} Has Successfully Started},
  author = {{CERN}},
  year = {2023},
  month = jan,
  journal = {CERN},
  url = {https://home.cern/news/news/cern/third-run-large-hadron-collider-has-successfully-started},
  urldate = {2023-01-29},
  abstract = {A round of applause broke out in the CERN Control Centre on 5 July at 4.47 p.m. CEST when the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) detectors switched on all subsystems and started recording high-energy collisions at the unprecedented energy of 13.6 TeV, ushering in a new physics season. This feat was made possible thanks to the operators who had worked around the clock since the restart of the LHC in April to ensure the smooth beginning of these collisions with higher-intensity beams and increased energy. After over three years of upgrade and maintenance work, the LHC is now set to run for close to four years at the record energy of 13.6 trillion electronvolts (TeV), providing greater precision and discovery potential. Increased collision rates, higher collision energy, upgraded data readout and selection systems, new detector systems and computing infrastructure: all these factors point to a promising physics season that will further expand the already very diverse LHC physics programme! Pictures of the day are available here. Videos of the event are accessible here.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/PC3U7GD2/third-run-large-hadron-collider-has-successfully-started.html}
}

@article{chamberlainObservationAntiprotons1955,
  title = {Observation of {{Antiprotons}}},
  author = {Chamberlain, Owen and Segr{\`e}, Emilio and Wiegand, Clyde and Ypsilantis, Thomas},
  year = {1955},
  month = nov,
  journal = {Phys. Rev.},
  volume = {100},
  number = {3},
  pages = {947--950},
  publisher = {{American Physical Society}},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRev.100.947},
  url = {https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRev.100.947},
  urldate = {2023-02-08},
  abstract = {DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.100.947},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/8YT3NWM3/Chamberlain et al. - 1955 - Observation of Antiprotons.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/IHRR7ZEC/PhysRev.100.html}
}

@article{chandHagedornEquationState1978,
  title = {Hagedorn's Equation of State for Dense Matter in an External Magnetic Field},
  author = {Chand, Ramesh and Green, D. J. and Szamosi, G.},
  year = {1978},
  month = aug,
  journal = {Lett. Nuovo Cimento},
  volume = {22},
  number = {14},
  pages = {582--586},
  issn = {1827-613X},
  doi = {10.1007/BF02783474},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02783474},
  urldate = {2023-01-22},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/9T2Q3KNB/Chand et al. - 1978 - Hagedorn’s equation of state for dense matter in a.pdf}
}

@article{chanMeasurementPropertiesOverline1998,
  title = {Measurement of the properties of the ${\overline{\ensuremath{\Omega}}}^{+}$ and ${\ensuremath{\Omega}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ hyperons},
  author = {Chan, A. W. and Cheng, K. C. and Luk, K. B. and James, C. and Rameika, R. and Ho, P. M. and Longo, M. J. and Nguyen, A. and Duryea, J. and Guglielmo, G. and Heller, K. and Johns, K. and Diehl, H. T. and Teige, S. and Thomson, G. B. and Zou, Y. and {E756 Collaboration}},
  year = {1998},
  month = aug,
  journal = {Phys. Rev. D},
  volume = {58},
  number = {7},
  pages = {072002},
  publisher = {American Physical Society},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRevD.58.072002},
  url = {https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevD.58.072002},
  urldate = {2022-09-13},
  abstract = {We have analyzed ¯Ω+ and Ω− events produced in the inclusive reaction p+Be→Ω+X and have measured some properties of the ¯Ω+ and Ω− hyperons via the decay →ΩΛ→KpπK. The measured ¯Ω+ lifetime was τ¯Ω=(0.823±0.038)×10−10s(χ2/NDF=1.52), and the measured decay parameter was α¯Ω=0.017±0.077(χ2/NDF=1.74). The corresponding values for the Ω− were τΩ=(0.817±0.022)×10−10s(χ2/NDF=1.17) and αΩ=−0.028±0.047(χ2/NDF=1.49). In addition, the measurement of the normalized mass difference between the ¯Ω+ and Ω− yielded ΔMΩ/MΩ=(1.44±7.98)×10−5. The measurements were all in good agreement with CPT invariance.},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/YX8TR57Z/Chan et al. - 1998 - Measurement of the properties of the $ overline .pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/G769HI4M/PhysRevD.58.html}
}

@book{chaplinePossibilityMakingQuark1978,
  title = {On the {{Possibility}} of {{Making Quark Matter}} in {{Nuclear Collisions}}},
  author = {Chapline, G. F. and Kerman, A. K.},
  year = {1978},
  publisher = {{MIT Cambridge - CTP-695}},
  keywords = {MODEL: BAG,NUCLEAR REACTION,POSTULATED PARTICLE: QUARK NUCLEUS,QUANTUM CHROMODYNAMICS,QUARK: MATTER}
}

@article{chatrchyanObservationLongrangeNearside2013,
  title = {Observation of Long-Range, near-Side Angular Correlations in {{pPb}} Collisions at the {{LHC}}},
  author = {Chatrchyan, S. and Khachatryan, V. and Sirunyan, A. M. and Tumasyan, A. and Adam, W. and Aguilo, E. and Bergauer, T. and Dragicevic, M. and Er{\"o}, J. and Fabjan, C. and Friedl, M. and Fr{\"u}hwirth, R. and Ghete, V. M. and H{\"o}rmann, N. and Hrubec, J. and Jeitler, M. and Kiesenhofer, W. and Kn{\"u}nz, V. and Krammer, M. and Kr{\"a}tschmer, I. and Liko, D. and Mikulec, I. and Pernicka, M. and Rabady, D. and Rahbaran, B. and Rohringer, C. and Rohringer, H. and Sch{\"o}fbeck, R. and Strauss, J. and Taurok, A. and Waltenberger, W. and Wulz, C. -E. and Mossolov, V. and Shumeiko, N. and Suarez Gonzalez, J. and Bansal, M. and Bansal, S. and Cornelis, T. and De Wolf, E. A. and Janssen, X. and Luyckx, S. and Mucibello, L. and Ochesanu, S. and Roland, B. and Rougny, R. and Selvaggi, M. and Van Haevermaet, H. and Van Mechelen, P. and Van Remortel, N. and Van Spilbeeck, A. and Blekman, F. and Blyweert, S. and D'Hondt, J. and Gonzalez Suarez, R. and Kalogeropoulos, A. and Maes, M. and Olbrechts, A. and Van Doninck, W. and Van Mulders, P. and Van Onsem, G. P. and Villella, I. and Clerbaux, B. and De Lentdecker, G. and Dero, V. and Gay, A. P. R. and Hreus, T. and L{\'e}onard, A. and Marage, P. E. and Mohammadi, A. and Reis, T. and Thomas, L. and Vander Velde, C. and Vanlaer, P. and Wang, J. and Adler, V. and Beernaert, K. and Cimmino, A. and Costantini, S. and Garcia, G. and Grunewald, M. and Klein, B. and Lellouch, J. and Marinov, A. and Mccartin, J. and Ocampo Rios, A. A. and Ryckbosch, D. and Sigamani, M. and Strobbe, N. and Thyssen, F. and Tytgat, M. and Walsh, S. and Yazgan, E. and Zaganidis, N. and Basegmez, S. and Bruno, G. and Castello, R. and Ceard, L. and Delaere, C. and {du Pree}, T. and Favart, D. and Forthomme, L. and Giammanco, A. and Hollar, J. and Lemaitre, V. and Liao, J. and Militaru, O. and Nuttens, C. and Pagano, D. and Pin, A. and Piotrzkowski, K. and Vizan Garcia, J. M. and Beliy, N. and Caebergs, T. and Daubie, E. and Hammad, G. H. and Alves, G. A. and Correa Martins, M. and Martins, T. and Pol, M. E. and Souza, M. H. G. and Ald{\'a}, W. L. and Carvalho, W. and Cust{\'o}dio, A. and Da Costa, E. M. and De Jesus Damiao, D. and De Oliveira Martins, C. and Fonseca De Souza, S. and Malbouisson, H. and Malek, M. and Matos Figueiredo, D. and Mundim, L. and Nogima, H. and Prado Da Silva, W. L. and Santoro, A. and Soares Jorge, L. and Sznajder, A. and Vilela Pereira, A. and Anjos, T. S. and Bernardes, C. A. and Dias, F. 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J. and Lamp{\'e}n, T. and {Lassila-Perini}, K. and Lehti, S. and Lind{\'e}n, T. and Luukka, P. and M{\"a}enp{\"a}{\"a}, T. and Peltola, T. and Tuominen, E. and Tuominiemi, J. and Tuovinen, E. and Ungaro, D. and Wendland, L. and Banzuzi, K. and Karjalainen, A. and Korpela, A. and Tuuva, T. and Besancon, M. and Choudhury, S. and Dejardin, M. and Denegri, D. and Fabbro, B. and Faure, J. L. and Ferri, F. and Ganjour, S. and Givernaud, A. and Gras, P. and {Hamel de Monchenault}, G. and Jarry, P. and Locci, E. and Malcles, J. and Millischer, L. and Nayak, A. and Rander, J. and Rosowsky, A. and Titov, M. and Baffioni, S. and Beaudette, F. and Benhabib, L. and Bianchini, L. and Bluj, M. and Busson, P. and Charlot, C. and Daci, N. and Dahms, T. and Dalchenko, M. and Dobrzynski, L. and Florent, A. and {Granier de Cassagnac}, R. and Haguenauer, M. and Min{\'e}, P. and Mironov, C. and Naranjo, I. 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C. and Collard, C. and Conte, E. and Drouhin, F. and Fontaine, J. -C. and Gel{\'e}, D. and Goerlach, U. and Juillot, P. and Le Bihan, A. -C. and Van Hove, P. and Fassi, F. and Mercier, D. and Beauceron, S. and Beaupere, N. and Bondu, O. and Boudoul, G. and Brochet, S. and Chasserat, J. and Chierici, R. and Contardo, D. and Depasse, P. and El Mamouni, H. and Fay, J. and Gascon, S. and Gouzevitch, M. and Ille, B. and Kurca, T. and Lethuillier, M. and Mirabito, L. and Perries, S. and Sgandurra, L. and Sordini, V. and Tschudi, Y. and Verdier, P. and Viret, S. and Tsamalaidze, Z. and Autermann, C. and Beranek, S. and Calpas, B. and Edelhoff, M. and Feld, L. and Heracleous, N. and Hindrichs, O. and Jussen, R. and Klein, K. and Merz, J. and Ostapchuk, A. and Perieanu, A. and Raupach, F. and Sammet, J. and Schael, S. and Sprenger, D. and Weber, H. and Wittmer, B. and Zhukov, V. and Ata, M. and Caudron, J. and {Dietz-Laursonn}, E. and Duchardt, D. and Erdmann, M. and Fischer, R. and G{\"u}th, A. and Hebbeker, T. and Heidemann, C. and Hoepfner, K. and Klingebiel, D. and Kreuzer, P. and Merschmeyer, M. and Meyer, A. and Olschewski, M. and Papacz, P. and Pieta, H. and Reithler, H. and Schmitz, S. A. and Sonnenschein, L. and Steggemann, J. and Teyssier, D. and Th{\"u}er, S. and Weber, M. and Bontenackels, M. and Cherepanov, V. and Erdogan, Y. and Fl{\"u}gge, G. and Geenen, H. and Geisler, M. and Haj Ahmad, W. and Hoehle, F. and Kargoll, B. and Kress, T. and Kuessel, Y. and Lingemann, J. and Nowack, A. and Perchalla, L. and Pooth, O. and Sauerland, P. and Stahl, A. and Aldaya Martin, M. and Behr, J. and Behrenhoff, W. and Behrens, U. and Bergholz, M. and Bethani, A. and Borras, K. and Burgmeier, A. and Cakir, A. and Calligaris, L. and Campbell, A. and Castro, E. and Costanza, F. and Dammann, D. and Diez Pardos, C. and Eckerlin, G. and Eckstein, D. and Flucke, G. and Geiser, A. and Glushkov, I. and Gunnellini, P. and Habib, S. and Hauk, J. and Hellwig, G. and Jung, H. and Kasemann, M. and Katsas, P. and Kleinwort, C. and Kluge, H. and Knutsson, A. and Kr{\"a}mer, M. and Kr{\"u}cker, D. and Kuznetsova, E. and Lange, W. and Leonard, J. and Lohmann, W. and Lutz, B. and Mankel, R. and Marfin, I. and Marienfeld, M. and {Melzer-Pellmann}, I. -A. and Meyer, A. B. and Mnich, J. and Mussgiller, A. and {Naumann-Emme}, S. and Novgorodova, O. and Olzem, J. and Perrey, H. and Petrukhin, A. and Pitzl, D. and Raspereza, A. and Ribeiro Cipriano, P. M. and Riedl, C. and Ron, E. and Rosin, M. and {Salfeld-Nebgen}, J. and Schmidt, R. and {Schoerner-Sadenius}, T. and Sen, N. and Spiridonov, A. and Stein, M. and Walsh, R. and Wissing, C. and Blobel, V. and Enderle, H. and Erfle, J. and Gebbert, U. and G{\"o}rner, M. and Gosselink, M. and Haller, J. and Hermanns, T. and H{\"o}ing, R. S. and Kaschube, K. and Kaussen, G. and Kirschenmann, H. and Klanner, R. and Lange, J. and Nowak, F. and Peiffer, T. and Pietsch, N. and Rathjens, D. and Sander, C. and Schettler, H. and Schleper, P. and Schlieckau, E. and Schmidt, A. and Schr{\"o}der, M. and Schum, T. and Seidel, M. and Sibille, J. and Sola, V. and Stadie, H. and Steinbr{\"u}ck, G. and Thomsen, J. and Vanelderen, L. and Barth, C. and Berger, J. and B{\"o}ser, C. and Chwalek, T. and De Boer, W. and Descroix, A. and Dierlamm, A. and Feindt, M. and Guthoff, M. and Hackstein, C. and Hartmann, F. and Hauth, T. and Heinrich, M. and Held, H. and Hoffmann, K. H. and Husemann, U. and Katkov, I. and Komaragiri, J. R. and Lobelle Pardo, P. and Martschei, D. and Mueller, S. and M{\"u}ller, {\relax Th}. and Niegel, M. and N{\"u}rnberg, A. and Oberst, O. and Oehler, A. and Ott, J. and Quast, G. and Rabbertz, K. and Ratnikov, F. and Ratnikova, N. and R{\"o}cker, S. and Schilling, F. -P. and Schott, G. and Simonis, H. 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H. and Swanson, J.},
  year = {2013},
  month = jan,
  journal = {Physics Letters B},
  volume = {718},
  number = {3},
  pages = {795--814},
  issn = {0370-2693},
  doi = {10.1016/j.physletb.2012.11.025},
  url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0370269312011768},
  urldate = {2023-07-02},
  abstract = {Results on two-particle angular correlations for charged particles emitted in pPb collisions at a nucleon\textendash nucleon center-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV are presented. The analysis uses two million collisions collected with the CMS detector at the LHC. The correlations are studied over a broad range of pseudorapidity, {$\eta$}, and full azimuth, {$\phi$}, as a function of charged particle multiplicity and particle transverse momentum, pT. In high-multiplicity events, a long-range (2{$<$}|{$\Delta\eta$}|{$<$}4), near-side ({$\Delta\phi\approx$}0) structure emerges in the two-particle {$\Delta\eta$}\textendash{$\Delta\phi$} correlation functions. This is the first observation of such correlations in proton\textendash nucleus collisions, resembling the ridge-like correlations seen in high-multiplicity pp collisions at s=7 TeV and in AA collisions over a broad range of center-of-mass energies. The correlation strength exhibits a pronounced maximum in the range of pT=1\textendash 1.5 GeV/c and an approximately linear increase with charged particle multiplicity for high-multiplicity events. These observations are qualitatively similar to those in pp collisions when selecting the same observed particle multiplicity, while the overall strength of the correlations is significantly larger in pPb collisions.},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {CMS,Heavy ions,Physics},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/WYLT3LS6/Chatrchyan et al. - 2013 - Observation of long-range, near-side angular corre.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/9PDVWCMH/S0370269312011768.html}
}

@article{chinellatoCharmMulticharmBaryon2022,
  title = {Charm and Multi-Charm Baryon Measurements via Strangeness Tracking with the Upgraded {{ALICE}} Detector},
  author = {Chinellato, David Dobrigkeit},
  year = {2022},
  journal = {EPJ Web Conf.},
  volume = {259},
  eprint = {2110.00955},
  primaryclass = {hep-ex, physics:nucl-ex},
  pages = {09004},
  issn = {2100-014X},
  doi = {10.1051/epjconf/202225909004},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/2110.00955},
  urldate = {2023-05-07},
  abstract = {We present a new method for detection of multiply charmed baryons via their decays into strange baryons, using `strangeness tracking'. This method makes use of the state-of-the-art upgraded silicon detectors in ALICE during Runs 3, 4 and beyond will enable the novel possibility of tracking strange hadrons directly before they decay, leading to a very significant improvement in impact-parameter resolution. In this work, we will discuss how this new technique will be crucial to distinguish secondary strange baryons originating from charm decays from primary strange baryons. This is a particularly interesting possibility for the \$\textbackslash Omega\^\{-\}\$ baryon coming from \$\textbackslash Omega\_\{\textbackslash rm\{c\}\}\^\{0\}\textbackslash rightarrow\textbackslash Omega\^\{-\}\textbackslash pi\^\{+\}\$ decays, since there is no other relevant feeddown source for \$\textbackslash Omega\^\{-\}\$. This, in turn, means that the main \$\textbackslash Omega\^\{-\}\$ background for the \$\textbackslash Omega\_\{\textbackslash rm\{c\}\}\$ measurement will point most accurately to the primary vertex, unlike pions or protons from other charm baryon decays. We will illustrate the achievable performance of strangeness tracking for the Run 3 configuration of ALICE with the upgraded Inner Tracking System, which is fully instrumented with silicon pixel detectors. Moreover, we will discuss the potential of this technique in a future experiment with an extensive silicon tracking detector with a first layer very close to the interaction point. Finally, we will also cover other potential major applications of strangeness tracking, including measurements of hypernuclei such as the \$\^\{3\}\_\{\textbackslash Lambda\}\textbackslash rm\{H\}\$.},
  archiveprefix = {arxiv},
  keywords = {High Energy Physics - Experiment,Nuclear Experiment},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/7IMVAP5T/Chinellato - 2022 - Charm and multi-charm baryon measurements via stra.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/YY3V9ES6/2110.html}
}

@misc{chinellatoTwotrackDCACalculation2018,
  title = {Two-Track {{DCA}} Calculation in {{ALICE}}},
  author = {Chinellato, D. D. and Belikov, I.},
  year = {2018},
  url = {https://indico.cern.ch/event/732816/contributions/3021988/attachments/1659776/2658592/DDChinellato-DCACalculation-DPGAOTTracks.pdf},
  langid = {english}
}

@article{chinTransitionHotQuark1978a,
  title = {Transition to Hot Quark Matter in Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collision},
  author = {Chin, S. A.},
  year = {1978},
  month = oct,
  journal = {Physics Letters B},
  volume = {78},
  number = {5},
  pages = {552--555},
  issn = {0370-2693},
  doi = {10.1016/0370-2693(78)90637-8},
  url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0370269378906378},
  urldate = {2023-02-25},
  abstract = {The nuclear matter-quark matter phase transition density is calculated as a function of temperature. The result suggests a transition to quark matter in heavy-ion collision at laboratory kinetic energies of a few GeV per nucleon. The transition may be inferred by observing a limiting temperature for the hadrons produced by the collision.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/IR2BXDVN/Chin - 1978 - Transition to hot quark matter in relativistic hea.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/UDK52EAN/0370269378906378.html}
}

@article{christiansenStringFormationLeading2015,
  title = {String Formation beyond Leading Colour},
  author = {Christiansen, Jesper R. and Skands, Peter Z.},
  year = {2015},
  month = aug,
  journal = {J. High Energ. Phys.},
  volume = {2015},
  number = {8},
  pages = {3},
  issn = {1029-8479},
  doi = {10.1007/JHEP08(2015)003},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP08(2015)003},
  urldate = {2023-07-23},
  abstract = {We present a new model for the hadronisation of multi-parton systems, in which colour correlations beyond leading NCare allowed to influence the formation of confining potentials (strings). The multiplet structure of SU(3) is combined with a minimisation of the string potential energy, to decide between which partons strings should form, allowing also for ``baryonic'' configurations (e.g., two colours can combine coherently to form an anticolour). In e+e-collisions, modifications to the leading-colour picture are small, suppressed by both colour and kinematics factors. But in pp collisions, multi-parton interactions increase the number of possible subleading connections, counteracting their naive 1/NC2suppression. Moreover, those that reduce the overall string lengths are kinematically favoured. The model, which we have implemented in the PYTHIA 8 generator, is capable of reaching agreement not only with the important {$\langle$}p{$\perp\rangle$} (ncharged) distribution but also with measured rates (and ratios) of kaons and hyperons, in both ee and pp collisions. Nonetheless, the shape of their p{$\perp$} spectra remains challenging to explain.},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Monte Carlo Simulations,QCD Phenomenology},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/957K4U4P/Christiansen and Skands - 2015 - String formation beyond leading colour.pdf}
}

@article{cmscollaborationCMSExperimentCERN2008,
  title = {The {{CMS}} Experiment at the {{CERN LHC}}},
  author = {{CMS Collaboration} and Chatrchyan, S. and Hmayakyan, G. and Khachatryan, V. and Sirunyan, A. M. and Adam, W. and Bauer, T. and Bergauer, T. and Bergauer, H. and Dragicevic, M. and Er{\"o}, J. and Friedl, M. and Fr{\"u}hwirth, R. and Ghete, V. M. and Glaser, P. and Hartl, C. and Hoermann, N. and Hrubec, J. and H{\"a}nsel, S. and Jeitler, M. and Kastner, K. and Krammer, M. and de Abril, I. Magrans and Markytan, M. and Mikulec, I. and Neuherz, B. and N{\"o}bauer, T. and Oberegger, M. and Padrta, M. and Pernicka, M. and Porth, P. and Rohringer, H. and Schmid, S. and Schreiner, T. and Stark, R. and Steininger, H. and Strauss, J. and Taurok, A. and Uhl, D. and Waltenberger, W. and Walzel, G. and Widl, E. and Wulz, C.-E. and Petrov, V. and Prosolovich, V. and Chekhovsky, V. and Dvornikov, O. and Emeliantchik, I. and Litomin, A. and Makarenko, V. and Marfin, I. and Mossolov, V. and Shumeiko, N. and Solin, A. and Stefanovitch, R. and Gonzalez, J. Suarez and Tikhonov, A. and Fedorov, A. and Korzhik, M. and Missevitch, O. and Zuyeuski, R. and Beaumont, W. and Cardaci, M. and Langhe, E. De and Wolf, E. A. De and Delmeire, E. and Ochesanu, S. and Tasevsky, M. and Mechelen, P. Van and D'Hondt, J. and Weirdt, S. De and Devroede, O. and Goorens, R. and Hannaert, S. and Heyninck, J. and Maes, J. and Mozer, M. U. and Tavernier, S. and Doninck, W. Van and Lancker, L. Van and Mulders, P. Van and Villella, I. and Wastiels, C. and Yu, C. and Bouhali, O. and Charaf, O. and Clerbaux, B. and Harenne, P. De and Lentdecker, G. De and Dewulf, J. P. and Elgammal, S. and Gindroz, R. and Hammad, G. H. and Mahmoud, T. and Neukermans, L. and Pins, M. and Pins, R. and Rugovac, S. and Stefanescu, J. and Sundararajan, V. and Velde, C. Vander and Vanlaer, P. and Wickens, J. and Tytgat, M. and Assouak, S. and Bonnet, J. L. and Bruno, G. and Caudron, J. and Callatay, B. De and Jeneret, J. De Favereau De and Visscher, S. De and Demin, P. and Favart, D. and Felix, C. and Florins, B. and Forton, E. and Giammanco, A. and Gr{\'e}goire, G. and Jonckman, M. and Kcira, D. and Keutgen, T. and Lemaitre, V. and Michotte, D. and Militaru, O. and Ovyn, S. and Pierzchala, T. and Piotrzkowski, K. and Roberfroid, V. and Rouby, X. and Schul, N. and der Aa, O. Van and Beliy, N. and Daubie, E. and Herquet, P. and Alves, G. and Pol, M. E. and Souza, M. H. G. and Vaz, M. and Damiao, D. De Jesus and Oguri, V. and Santoro, A. and Sznajder, A. and Gregores, E. De Moraes and Iope, R. L. and Novaes, S. 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S. and Dhawan, S. and Issakov, V. and Neal, H. and Poblaguev, A. and Zeller, M. E. and Abdullaeva, G. and Avezov, A. and Fazylov, M. I. and Gasanov, E. M. and Khugaev, A. and Koblik, Y. N. and Nishonov, M. and Olimov, K. and Umaraliev, A. and Yuldashev, B. S.},
  year = {2008},
  month = aug,
  journal = {J. Inst.},
  volume = {3},
  number = {08},
  pages = {S08004},
  issn = {1748-0221},
  doi = {10.1088/1748-0221/3/08/S08004},
  url = {https://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/3/08/S08004},
  urldate = {2023-03-12},
  abstract = {The Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) detector is described. The detector operates at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN. It was conceived to study proton-proton (and lead-lead) collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 14 TeV (5.5 TeV nucleon-nucleon) and at luminosities up to 1034 cm-2 s-1 (1027 cm-2 s-1). At the core of the CMS detector sits a high-magnetic-field and large-bore superconducting solenoid surrounding an all-silicon pixel and strip tracker, a lead-tungstate scintillating-crystals electromagnetic calorimeter, and a brass-scintillator sampling hadron calorimeter. The iron yoke of the flux-return is instrumented with four stations of muon detectors covering most of the 4{$\pi$} solid angle. Forward sampling calorimeters extend the pseudorapidity coverage to high values (|{$\eta$}| {$\leqslant$} 5) assuring very good hermeticity. The overall dimensions of the CMS detector are a length of 21.6 m, a diameter of 14.6 m and a total weight of 12500 t.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/RI288X22/Collaboration et al. - 2008 - The CMS experiment at the CERN LHC.pdf}
}

@article{cmscollaborationEvidenceCollectiveMultiparticle2015,
  title = {Evidence for Collective Multi-Particle Correlations in {{pPb}} Collisions},
  author = {{CMS Collaboration}},
  year = {2015},
  month = jun,
  journal = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
  volume = {115},
  number = {1},
  eprint = {1502.05382},
  pages = {012301},
  issn = {0031-9007, 1079-7114},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.012301},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1502.05382},
  urldate = {2021-06-15},
  abstract = {The second-order azimuthal anisotropy Fourier harmonics, v2, are obtained in pPb and PbPb collisions over a wide pseudorapidity (eta) range based on correlations among six or more charged particles. The pPb data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35 inverse nanobarns, were collected during the 2013 LHC pPb run at a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV by the CMS experiment. A sample of semi-peripheral PbPb collision data at sqrt(s[NN])= 2.76 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.5 inverse microbarns and covering a similar range of particle multiplicities as the pPb data, is also analyzed for comparison. The six- and eight-particle cumulant and the Lee-Yang zeros methods are used to extract the v2 coefficients, extending previous studies of two- and four-particle correlations. For both the pPb and PbPb systems, the v2 values obtained with correlations among more than four particles are consistent with previously published four-particle results. These data support the interpretation of a collective origin for the previously observed long-range (large Delta[eta]) correlations in both systems. The ratios of v2 values corresponding to correlations including different numbers of particles are compared to theoretical predictions that assume a hydrodynamic behavior of a pPb system dominated by fluctuations in the positions of participant nucleons. These results provide new insights into the multi-particle dynamics of collision systems with a very small overlapping region.},
  archiveprefix = {arxiv},
  keywords = {High Energy Physics - Experiment,Nuclear Experiment},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/4G374GN2/CMS Collaboration - 2015 - Evidence for collective multi-particle correlation.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/RKG3UGL7/1502.html}
}

@article{cmscollaborationObservationLongRangeNearSide2010,
  title = {Observation of {{Long-Range Near-Side Angular Correlations}} in {{Proton-Proton Collisions}} at the {{LHC}}},
  author = {{CMS Collaboration}},
  year = {2010},
  month = sep,
  journal = {J. High Energ. Phys.},
  volume = {2010},
  number = {9},
  eprint = {1009.4122},
  pages = {91},
  issn = {1029-8479},
  doi = {10.1007/JHEP09(2010)091},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1009.4122},
  urldate = {2021-06-15},
  abstract = {Results on two-particle angular correlations for charged particles emitted in proton-proton collisions at center-of-mass energies of 0.9, 2.36, and 7 TeV are presented, using data collected with the CMS detector over a broad range of pseudorapidity (eta) and azimuthal angle (phi). Short-range correlations in Delta(eta), which are studied in minimum bias events, are characterized using a simple "independent cluster" parametrization in order to quantify their strength (cluster size) and their extent in eta (cluster decay width). Long-range azimuthal correlations are studied differentially as a function of charged particle multiplicity and particle transverse momentum using a 980 inverse nb data set at 7 TeV. In high multiplicity events, a pronounced structure emerges in the two-dimensional correlation function for particle pairs with intermediate transverse momentum of 1-3 GeV/c, 2.0{$<$} |Delta(eta)| {$<$}4.8 and Delta(phi) near 0. This is the first observation of such a long-range, near-side feature in two-particle correlation functions in pp or p p-bar collisions.},
  archiveprefix = {arxiv},
  keywords = {High Energy Physics - Experiment},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/QYD5WLGS/CMS Collaboration - 2010 - Observation of Long-Range Near-Side Angular Correl.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/34DKB3SX/1009.html}
}

@article{colladayLorentzviolatingExtensionStandard1998,
  title = {Lorentz-Violating Extension of the Standard Model},
  author = {Colladay, D. and Kosteleck{\'y}, V. Alan},
  year = {1998},
  month = oct,
  journal = {Phys. Rev. D},
  volume = {58},
  number = {11},
  pages = {116002},
  publisher = {{American Physical Society}},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRevD.58.116002},
  url = {https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevD.58.116002},
  urldate = {2023-05-19},
  abstract = {In the context of conventional quantum field theory, we present a general Lorentz-violating extension of the minimal SU(3)\texttimes SU(2)\texttimes U(1) standard model including CPT-even and CPT-odd terms. It can be viewed as the low-energy limit of a physically relevant fundamental theory with Lorentz-covariant dynamics in which spontaneous Lorentz violation occurs. The extension has gauge invariance, energy-momentum conservation, and covariance under observer rotations and boosts, while covariance under particle rotations and boosts is broken. The quantized theory is Hermitian and power-counting renormalizable, and other desirable features such as microcausality, positivity of the energy, and the usual anomaly cancellation are expected. Spontaneous symmetry breaking to the electromagnetic U(1) is maintained, although the Higgs expectation is shifted by a small amount relative to its usual value and the Z0 field acquires a small expectation. A general Lorentz-breaking extension of quantum electrodynamics is extracted from the theory, and some experimental tests are considered. In particular, we study modifications to photon behavior. One possible effect is vacuum birefringence, which could be bounded from cosmological observations by experiments using existing techniques. Radiative corrections to the photon propagator are examined. They are compatible with spontaneous Lorentz and CPT violation in the fermion sector at levels suggested by Planck-scale physics and accessible to other terrestrial laboratory experiments.},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/ESX3SWED/Colladay and Kostelecký - 1998 - Lorentz-violating extension of the standard model.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/3M6DKIB4/PhysRevD.58.html}
}

@book{collinsIntroductionReggeTheory1977,
  title = {An {{Introduction}} to {{Regge Theory}} and {{High Energy Physics}}},
  author = {Collins, P. D. B.},
  year = {1977},
  series = {Cambridge {{Monographs}} on {{Mathematical Physics}}},
  publisher = {{Cambridge University Press}},
  address = {{Cambridge}},
  doi = {10.1017/CBO9780511897603},
  url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/an-introduction-to-regge-theory-and-high-energy-physics/E628F1657888F248E6BF236283350588},
  urldate = {2023-06-25},
  abstract = {Originally published in 1977, this book presents an extended introduction to the theory of hadrons, the elementary particles which occur in the atomic nucleus. The main emphasis is on the theory of the complex angular momentum plane 'Regge theory', which has grown from Regge's demonstration in 1959 that it is useful to regard angular momentum as a complex variable when discussing solutions of the Schrodinger equation for non-relativistic potential scattering. This theory helps to classify the many different particles which have been discovered in recent years, to explain the forces between these particles and to predict the results of high-energy scattering experiments. Regge theory thus serves as a unifying concept drawing together many different features of high-energy physics. This monograph is intended primarily for research students just beginning to concern themselves with particle physics, but more experienced workers will also find much to interest them in this detailed survey of the basic ideas and results of Regge theory.},
  isbn = {978-0-521-11035-8},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/CBII83PI/E628F1657888F248E6BF236283350588.html}
}

@article{collinsSuperdenseMatterNeutrons1975,
  title = {Superdense {{Matter}}: {{Neutrons}} or {{Asymptotically Free Quarks}}?},
  shorttitle = {Superdense {{Matter}}},
  author = {Collins, J. C. and Perry, M. J.},
  year = {1975},
  month = may,
  journal = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
  volume = {34},
  number = {21},
  pages = {1353--1356},
  publisher = {{American Physical Society}},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.34.1353},
  url = {https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.34.1353},
  urldate = {2023-01-29},
  abstract = {We note the following: The quark model implies that superdense matter (found in neutron-star cores, exploding black holes, and the early big-bang universe) consists of quarks rather than of hadrons. Bjorken scaling implies that the quarks interact weakly. An asymptotically free gauge theory allows realistic calculations taking full account of strong interactions.},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/ECR3PWFA/PhysRevLett.34.html}
}

@misc{cushEnglishStandardModel2019,
  title = {English:  {{Standard}} Model of Elementary Particles: The 12 Fundamental Fermions and 5 Fundamental Bosons. {{Brown}} Loops Indicate Which Bosons (Red) Couple to Which Fermions (Purple and Green). {{Please}} Note That the Masses of Certain Particles Are Subject to Periodic Reevaluation by the Scientific Community. {{The}} Values Currently Reflected in This Graphic Are as of 2019 and May Have Been Adjusted since. {{For}} the Latest Consensus, Please Visit the {{Particle Data Group}} Website Linked Below.},
  shorttitle = {English},
  author = {Cush, MissMJ},
  year = {2019},
  month = sep,
  url = {https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Standard_Model_of_Elementary_Particles.svg},
  urldate = {2023-02-05},
  copyright = {Public domain},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/EKHBDTWE/FileStandard_Model_of_Elementary_Particles.html}
}

@article{d0collaborationObservationTopQuark1995,
  title = {Observation of the {{Top Quark}}},
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C. and Christenson, J. H. and Chung, M. and Claes, D. and Clark, A. R. and Cobau, W. G. and Cochran, J. and Cooper, W. E. and Cretsinger, C. and {Cullen-Vidal}, D. and Cummings, M. and Cutts, D. and Dahl, O. I. and De, K. and Demarteau, M. and Demina, R. and Denisenko, K. and Denisenko, N. and Denisov, D. and Denisov, S. P. and Dharmaratna, W. and Diehl, H. T. and Diesburg, M. and Di Loreto, G. and Dixon, R. and Draper, P. and Drinkard, J. and Ducros, Y. and Dugad, S. R. and {Durston-Johnson}, S. and Edmunds, D. and Efimov, A. O. and Ellison, J. and Elvira, V. D. and Engelmann, R. and Eno, S. and Eppley, G. and Ermolov, P. and Eroshin, O. V. and Evdokimov, V. N. and Fahey, S. and Fahland, T. and Fatyga, M. and Fatyga, M. K. and Featherly, J. and Feher, S. and Fein, D. and Ferbel, T. and Finocchiaro, G. and Fisk, H. E. and Fisyak, {\relax Yu}. and Flattum, E. and Forden, G. E. and Fortner, M. and Frame, K. C. and Franzini, P. and Fredriksen, S. and Fuess, S. and Galjaev, A. N. and Gallas, E. and Gao, C. S. and Gao, S. and Geld, T. L. and Genik II, R. J. and Genser, K. and Gerber, C. E. and Gibbard, B. and Glaubman, M. and Glebov, V. and Glenn, S. and Glicenstein, J. F. and Gobbi, B. and Goforth, M. and Goldschmidt, A. and Gomez, B. and Goncharov, P. I. and Gordon, H. and Goss, L. T. and Graf, N. and Grannis, P. D. and Green, D. R. and Green, J. and Greenlee, H. and Griffin, G. and Grossman, N. and Grudberg, P. and Gr{\"u}nendahl, S. and Guida, J. A. and Guida, J. M. and Guryn, W. and Gurzhiev, S. N. and Gutnikov, Y. E. and Hadley, N. J. and Haggerty, H. and Hagopian, S. and Hagopian, V. and Hahn, K. S. and Hall, R. E. and Hansen, S. and Hatcher, R. and Hauptman, J. M. and Hedin, D. and Heinson, A. P. and Heintz, U. and {Hernandez-Montoya}, R. and Heuring, T. and Hirosky, R. and Hobbs, J. D. and Hoeneisen, B. and Hoftun, J. S. and Hsieh, F. and Hu, Ting and Hu, Tong and Huehn, T. and Igarashi, S. and Ito, A. S. and James, E. and Jaques, J. and Jerger, S. A. and Jiang, J. Z.-Y. and {Joffe-Minor}, T. and Johari, H. and Johns, K. and Johnson, M. and Johnstad, H. and Jonckheere, A. and J{\"o}stlein, H. and Jun, S. Y. and Jung, C. K. and Kahn, S. and Kang, J. S. and Kehoe, R. and Kelly, M. and Kernan, A. and Kerth, L. and Kim, C. L. and Kim, S. K. and Klatchko, A. and Klima, B. and Klochkov, B. I. and Klopfenstein, C. and Klyukhin, V. I. and Kochetkov, V. I. and Kohli, J. M. and Koltick, D. and Kostritskiy, A. V. and Kotcher, J. and Kourlas, J. and Kozelov, A. V. and Kozlovski, E. A. and Krishnaswamy, M. R. and Krzywdzinski, S. and Kunori, S. and Lami, S. and Landsberg, G. and Lanou, R. E. and Lebrat, J-F. and {Lee-Franzini}, J. and Leflat, A. and Li, H. and Li, J. and Li, Y. K. and {Li-Demarteau}, Q. Z. and Lima, J. G. R. and Lincoln, D. and Linn, S. L. and Linnemann, J. and Lipton, R. and Liu, Y. C. and Lobkowicz, F. and Loken, S. C. and L{\"o}k{\"o}s, S. and Lueking, L. and Lyon, A. L. and Maciel, A. K. A. and Madaras, R. J. and Madden, R. and Mandrichenko, I. V. and Mangeot, {\relax Ph}. and Mani, S. and Mansouli{\'e}, B. and Mao, H. S. and Margulies, S. and Markeloff, R. and Markosky, L. and Marshall, T. and Martin, M. I. and Marx, M. and May, B. and Mayorov, A. A. and McCarthy, R. and McKibben, T. and McKinley, J. and Melanson, H. L. and {de Mello Neto}, J. R. T. and Merritt, K. W. and Miettinen, H. and Milder, A. and Milner, C. and Mincer, A. and {de Miranda}, J. M. and Mishra, C. S. and {Mohammadi-Baarmand}, M. and Mokhov, N. and Mondal, N. K. and Montgomery, H. E. and Mooney, P. and Mudan, M. and Murphy, C. and Murphy, C. T. and Nang, F. and Narain, M. and Narasimham, V. S. and Narayanan, A. and Neal, H. A. and Negret, J. P. and Neis, E. and Nemethy, P. and Ne{\v s}i{\'c}, D. and Norman, D. and Oesch, L. and Oguri, V. and Oltman, E. and Oshima, N. and Owen, D. and Padley, P. and Pang, M. and Para, A. and Park, C. H. and Park, Y. 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  year = {1995},
  month = apr,
  journal = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
  volume = {74},
  number = {14},
  pages = {2632--2637},
  publisher = {{American Physical Society}},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.74.2632},
  url = {https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.74.2632},
  urldate = {2023-02-19},
  abstract = {The D0 Collaboration reports on a search for the standard model top quark in p\textasciimacron p collisions at {$\surd$}s=1.8TeV at the Fermilab Tevatron with an integrated luminosity of approximately 50pb-1. We have searched for t\textasciimacron t production in the dilepton and single-lepton decay channels with and without tagging of b-quark jets. We observed 17 events with an expected background of 3.8{$\pm$}0.6 events. The probability for an upward fluctuation of the background to produce the observed signal is 2\texttimes 10-6 (equivalent to 4.6 standard deviations). The kinematic properties of the excess events are consistent with top quark decay. We conclude that we have observed the top quark and measured its mass to be 199+19-21 (stat) {$\pm$}22 (syst) GeV/c2 and its production cross section to be 6.4{$\pm$}2.2pb., This article appears in the following collection:},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/6G5AJY35/D0 Collaboration et al. - 1995 - Observation of the Top Quark.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/BPQMLJRJ/PhysRevLett.74.html}
}

@article{danbyObservationHighEnergyNeutrino1962,
  title = {Observation of {{High-Energy Neutrino Reactions}} and the {{Existence}} of {{Two Kinds}} of {{Neutrinos}}},
  author = {Danby, G. and Gaillard, J-M. and Goulianos, K. and Lederman, L. M. and Mistry, N. and Schwartz, M. and Steinberger, J.},
  year = {1962},
  month = jul,
  journal = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {36--44},
  publisher = {{American Physical Society}},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.9.36},
  url = {https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.9.36},
  urldate = {2023-02-08},
  abstract = {DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.9.36, This article appears in the following collection:},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/N68XU5RE/PhysRevLett.9.html}
}

@article{davidpolitzerAsymptoticFreedomApproach1974,
  title = {Asymptotic Freedom: {{An}} Approach to Strong Interactions},
  shorttitle = {Asymptotic Freedom},
  author = {David Politzer, H},
  year = {1974},
  month = nov,
  journal = {Physics Reports},
  volume = {14},
  number = {4},
  pages = {129--180},
  issn = {0370-1573},
  doi = {10.1016/0370-1573(74)90014-3},
  url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0370157374900143},
  urldate = {2023-02-16},
  abstract = {The discovery of asymptotic freedom has opened up the possibility of extracting new sorts of detailed, dynamical consequences from a strongly interacting quantum field theory. The necessary tools - perturbation theory, the renormalization group, gauge theories, and the operator product expansion - are not new. To anyone familiar with these field theoretic approaches to strong interactions, the novel feature is a simple fact: there is a unique class of theories in which ``the origin is an ultraviolet fixed point''. But the consequences are so exciting that it seemed appropriate to review these ideas as they reflect on each other. Many important applications of the renormalization group and the operator product expansion to hadronic physics are omitted; the emphasis here is on recent work based on asymptotically free field theories. No doubt, there are some developments so recent that they are not treated in this article. The discussion of the basic results concerning short distance behavior is informal, but, hopefully, accurate and complete. The specific applications are treated in varying detail.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/F8XCKVZX/David Politzer - 1974 - Asymptotic freedom An approach to strong interact.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/J82GRRKG/0370157374900143.html}
}

@article{deroseParis1951Birth2008,
  title = {Paris 1951: {{The}} Birth of {{CERN}}},
  shorttitle = {Paris 1951},
  author = {{de Rose}, Fran{\c c}ois},
  year = {2008},
  month = sep,
  journal = {Nature},
  volume = {455},
  number = {7210},
  pages = {174--175},
  publisher = {{Nature Publishing Group}},
  issn = {1476-4687},
  doi = {10.1038/455174a},
  url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/455174a},
  urldate = {2023-03-07},
  abstract = {Fran\c{c}ois de Rose chaired the meeting that founded Europe's premier facility for experimental nuclear and particle research. Here he relives the five days of drama that changed the world of physics.},
  copyright = {2008 Nature Publishing Group},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Humanities and Social Sciences,multidisciplinary,Science},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/7VCYD4VL/de Rose - 2008 - Paris 1951 The birth of CERN.pdf}
}

@article{deurQCDRunningCoupling2016,
  title = {The {{QCD Running Coupling}}},
  author = {Deur, A. and Brodsky, S. J. and {de Teramond}, G. F.},
  year = {2016},
  month = sep,
  journal = {Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics},
  volume = {90},
  eprint = {1604.08082},
  primaryclass = {hep-ph},
  pages = {1--74},
  issn = {01466410},
  doi = {10.1016/j.ppnp.2016.04.003},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1604.08082},
  urldate = {2023-01-26},
  abstract = {We review the present knowledge for \$\textbackslash alpha\_s\$, the fundamental coupling underlying the interactions of quarks and gluons in QCD. The dependence of \$\textbackslash alpha\_s(Q\^2)\$ on momentum transfer \$Q\$ encodes the underlying dynamics of hadron physics -from color confinement in the infrared domain to asymptotic freedom at short distances. We review constraints on \$\textbackslash alpha\_s(Q\^2)\$ at high \$Q\^2\$, as predicted by perturbative QCD, and its analytic behavior at small \$Q\^2\$, based on models of nonperturbative dynamics. In the introductory part of this review, we explain the phenomenological meaning of \$\textbackslash alpha\_s\$, the reason for its running, and the challenges facing a complete understanding of its analytic behavior in the infrared domain. In the second, more technical, part of the review, we discuss the behavior of \$\textbackslash alpha\_s(Q\^2)\$ in the high \$Q\^2\$ domain of QCD. We review how \$\textbackslash alpha\_s\$ is defined, including its renormalization scheme dependence, the definition of its renormalization scale, the utility of effective charges, as well as Commensurate Scale Relations which connect the various definitions of \$\textbackslash alpha\_s\$ without renormalization-scale ambiguity. We also report recent measurements and theoretical analyses which have led to precise QCD predictions at high energy. In the last part of the review, we discuss the challenge of understanding the analytic behavior \$\textbackslash alpha\_s(Q\^2)\$ in the infrared domain. We also review important methods for computing \$\textbackslash alpha\_s\$, including lattice QCD, the Schwinger-Dyson equations, the Gribov-Zwanziger analysis and light-front holographic QCD. After describing these approaches and enumerating their conflicting predictions, we discuss the origin of these discrepancies and how to remedy them. Our aim is not only to review the advances in this difficult area, but also to suggest what could be an optimal definition of \$\textbackslash alpha\_s\$ in order to bring better unity to the subject.},
  archiveprefix = {arxiv},
  keywords = {High Energy Physics - Phenomenology},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/2WGCBPXT/Deur et al. - 2016 - The QCD Running Coupling.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/PSVZMF96/1604.html}
}

@book{dewitIntroductionGaugeTheories1995,
  title = {Introduction to Gauge Theories and the {{Standard Model}}},
  author = {{de Wit}, Bernard},
  year = {1995},
  series = {{{CERN Academic Training Lecture}}},
  number = {313},
  publisher = {{CERN}},
  address = {{Geneva}},
  abstract = {The conceptual basis of gauge theories is introduced to enable the construction of generic models.Spontaneous symmetry breaking is dicussed and its relevance for the renormalization of theories with massive vector field is explained. Subsequently a d standard model. When time permits we will address more practical questions that arise in the evaluation of quantum corrections},
  collaborator = {CERN. Geneva},
  langid = {english},
  lccn = {Acad. Train. 313},
  keywords = {calculs de trajectoire des particules dans l'espace,champs de Jauge,fluctuation des spins,force conservative,Introduction aux th\'eories de Jauge,Lagrangien,le mod\`ele standard,les th\'eories des champs,Particle Physics,physique des particules,physique th\'eorique,Portraits of science,principe de Hamilton,transformations u(1)},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/IA8PE7ZF/de Wit - 1995 - Introduction to gauge theories and the Standard Mo.pdf}
}

@article{dingChiralPhaseTransition2019,
  title = {Chiral Phase Transition Temperature in (2+1)-{{Flavor QCD}}},
  author = {Ding, H.-T. and Hegde, P. and Kaczmarek, O. and Karsch, F. and Lahiri, Anirban and Li, S.-T. and Mukherjee, Swagato and Ohno, H. and Petreczky, P. and Schmidt, C. and Steinbrecher, P.},
  year = {2019},
  month = aug,
  journal = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
  volume = {123},
  number = {6},
  eprint = {1903.04801},
  primaryclass = {hep-lat, physics:hep-ph, physics:hep-th, physics:nucl-th},
  pages = {062002},
  issn = {0031-9007, 1079-7114},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.123.062002},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1903.04801},
  urldate = {2023-07-16},
  abstract = {We present a lattice QCD based determination of the chiral phase transition temperature in QCD with two degenerate, massless quarks and a physical strange quark mass. We propose and calculate two novel estimators for the chiral transition temperature for several values of the light quark masses, corresponding to Goldstone pion masses in the range of \$58\textasciitilde\{\textbackslash rm MeV\}\textbackslash lesssim m\_\textbackslash pi\textbackslash lesssim 163\textasciitilde\{\textbackslash rm MeV\}\$. The chiral phase transition temperature is determined by extrapolating to vanishing pion mass using universal scaling analysis. Finite volume effects are controlled by extrapolating to the thermodynamic limit using spatial lattice extents in the range of \$2.8\$-\$4.5\$ times the inverse of the pion mass. Continuum extrapolations are carried out by using three different values of the lattice cut-off, corresponding to lattices with temporal extent \$N\_\textbackslash tau=6,\textbackslash{} 8\$ and \$12\$. After thermodynamic, continuum and chiral extrapolations we find the chiral phase transition temperature \$T\_c\^0=132\^\{+3\}\_\{-6\}\$ MeV.},
  archiveprefix = {arxiv},
  keywords = {High Energy Physics - Lattice,High Energy Physics - Phenomenology,High Energy Physics - Theory,Nuclear Theory},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/5IXTVBL7/Ding et al. - 2019 - Chiral phase transition temperature in (2+1)-Flavo.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/CXNBV68B/1903.html}
}

@phdthesis{dobrigkeitchinellatoEstudoEstranhezaEm2012,
  title = {{Estudo de Estranheza em Colis\~oes pr\'oton-pr\'oton no LHC}},
  author = {Dobrigkeit Chinellato, David},
  year = {2012},
  url = {https://cds.cern.ch/record/1525912},
  abstract = {In this work, we study the production of strange hadrons in proton-proton (pp) collisions at energies of \$\textbackslash sqrt\{s\}=7\textasciitilde TeV\$ measured by the ALICE experiment at the LHC. We present the first measurements of particle yields at central rapidities for the \$K\^\{0\}\_\{S\}\$ meson as well as for the \$\textbackslash Lambda\$, \$\textbackslash Xi\^\{-\}\$ and \$\textbackslash Omega\^\{-\}\$ baryons and their antiparticles. Total particle production rates exceed predictions by models that use Perturbative Quantum Chromodynamics (pQCD). In particular, we compare our measurements to predictions by the PYTHIA event generator and find that predictions agree with data only at transverse momenta (pt) higher than \$6-7\textasciitilde GeV/c\$. This result indicates that the leading order processes implemented in PYTHIA are well adjusted, but the implementation of a calculation that describes the data at low \$p\_\{t\}\$ is still an open issue. The results presented here should contribute to improve our understanding of particle production mechanisms at low \$p\_\{t\}\$. Proton-proton collisions are also used as a reference for nuclear collisions of different multiplicities in the study of Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP) formation. The increase of strangeness production is considered an important observable of the QGP. In this context, we study the dependence of strange particle production with charged particle multiplicity and find that there is no indication of an increase strangeness production rate in pp collisions. This is an important result that contributes to the studies that consider the possibility of QGP formation in pp collisions. },
  langid = {portuguese},
  keywords = {Particle Physics - Experiment},
  annotation = {Presented 31 Jan 2012}
}

@article{drasalExtensionGlucksternFormulas2018,
  title = {An Extension of the {{Gluckstern}} Formulas for Multiple Scattering: Analytic Expressions for Track Parameter Resolution Using Optimum Weights},
  shorttitle = {An Extension of the {{Gluckstern}} Formulas for Multiple Scattering},
  author = {Drasal, Zbynek and Riegler, Werner},
  year = {2018},
  month = dec,
  journal = {Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment},
  volume = {910},
  eprint = {1805.12014},
  primaryclass = {physics},
  pages = {127--132},
  issn = {01689002},
  doi = {10.1016/j.nima.2018.08.078},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1805.12014},
  urldate = {2023-07-16},
  abstract = {Momentum, track angle and impact parameter resolution are key performance parameters that tracking detectors are optimised for. This report presents analytic expressions for the resolution of these parameters for equal and equidistant tracking layers. The expressions for the contribution from position resolution are based on the Gluckstern formulas and are well established. The expressions for the contribution from multiple scattering using optimum weights are discussed in detail.},
  archiveprefix = {arxiv},
  keywords = {Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/63SB8BH6/Drasal and Riegler - 2018 - An extension of the Gluckstern formulas for multip.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/RTT7IPY9/1805.html}
}

@article{durrAbinitioDeterminationLight2008,
  title = {Ab-Initio {{Determination}} of {{Light Hadron Masses}}},
  author = {Durr, S. and Fodor, Z. and Frison, J. and Hoelbling, C. and Hoffmann, R. and Katz, S. D. and Krieg, S. and Kurth, T. and Lellouch, L. and Lippert, T. and Szabo, K. K. and Vulvert, G.},
  year = {2008},
  month = nov,
  journal = {Science},
  volume = {322},
  number = {5905},
  eprint = {0906.3599},
  primaryclass = {hep-lat},
  pages = {1224--1227},
  issn = {0036-8075, 1095-9203},
  doi = {10.1126/science.1163233},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/0906.3599},
  urldate = {2022-12-30},
  abstract = {More than 99\% of the mass of the visible universe is made up of protons and neutrons. Both particles are much heavier than their quark and gluon constituents, and the Standard Model of particle physics should explain this difference. We present a full ab-initio calculation of the masses of protons, neutrons and other light hadrons, using lattice quantum chromodynamics. Pion masses down to 190 mega electronvolts are used to extrapolate to the physical point with lattice sizes of approximately four times the inverse pion mass. Three lattice spacings are used for a continuum extrapolation. Our results completely agree with experimental observations and represent a quantitative confirmation of this aspect of the Standard Model with fully controlled uncertainties.},
  archiveprefix = {arxiv},
  keywords = {High Energy Physics - Lattice},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/C4X7N6NZ/Durr et al. - 2008 - Ab-initio Determination of Light Hadron Masses.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/VYHM9SN7/0906.html}
}

@phdthesis{fagginMeasurementHeavyflavourDecay2021,
  title = {Measurement of Heavy-Flavour Decay Electrons and Heavy-Flavour Baryon Production with {{ALICE}} Experiment at {{LHC}}},
  author = {Faggin, Mattia},
  year = {2021},
  url = {http://cds.cern.ch/record/2798337?ln=en},
  abstract = {The ALICE experiment at the LHC at CERN is devoted to the study of collisions of heavy nuclei accelerated at ultra-relativistic energies. These collisions are employed to reproduce in laboratory the quark-gluon plasma (QGP), a deconfined state of the strongly-interacting matter. The existence of this state is predicted by the QCD theory under extreme conditions of energy-density and temperature. The QGP is supposed to constitute the early universe in the first \$\textbackslash sim 10\$ \$\textbackslash mu\$s after the Big Bang. Charm and beauty quarks are unique probes for investigating the QGP. Given a mass of the GeV order, they are produced in the hard-scattering processes in the early stages of the nucleus-nucleus collision, experiencing the full evolution of the system. Charm and beauty quarks lose energy by interacting with the plasma constituents. These phenomena can be studied by measuring the heavy-flavour hadron production and exploited to infer properties of the system. In this thesis, the production of electrons from charm and beauty hadron decays in central (0-10\%), semicentral (30-50\%) and peripheral (60-80\%) Pb-Pb collisions at \$\textbackslash sqrt\{s\_\{\textbackslash rm NN\}\}=5.02\$ TeV measured with the ALICE experiment is presented. These results are compared with those in pp collisions by means of the nuclear modification factor (\$R\_\{\textbackslash rm AA\}\$) and a significant suppression with respect to what expected in absence of a deconfined medium is observed in central and semicentral events. This behaviour indicates that charm and beauty quarks are subject to in-medium energy loss. The observed effect decreases in more peripheral events. The measurement is pushed down to \$p\_\{\textbackslash rm T\}\^\{\textbackslash rm e\^-\}=500\$ MeV/\$c\$, where the heavy quark production is sensitive to the shadowing effects. The \$R\_\{\textbackslash rm AA\}\$ does not overcome unity, signalling that the production of heavy-flavour hadrons is suppressed. The QGP formation in heavy-ion collisions is expected to induce a modification of the heavy quark hadronisation mechanisms. In order to disentangle the effects of the medium produced in Pb-Pb collisions, a deep comprehension of the mechanisms that govern the hadronisation in pp collisions is required. Recent results on baryon-to-meson production ratios in pp collisions at the LHC showed an enhancement with respect to \$\textbackslash rm e\^+e\^-\$ and \$\textbackslash rm e\^-p\$ collisions. In this thesis, the measurement of the \$\textbackslash Lambda\_\{\textbackslash rm c\}\^\{+\}\$ and \$\textbackslash Sigma\_\{\textbackslash rm c\}\^\{0.++\}\$ baryon production cross section in pp collisions at \$\textbackslash sqrt\{s\}=13\$ TeV with the ALICE experiment is described. The ratio to the \$\textbackslash rm D\^\{0\}\$ meson production of both baryons is significantly higher than what measured in \$\textbackslash rm e\^+e\^-\$ and \$\textbackslash rm e\^-p\$ collisions. The measurements are described by several model calculations assuming different mechanisms for the charm quark hadronisation. Moreover, the first measurement of the prompt \$\textbackslash Lambda\_\{\textbackslash rm c\}\^\{+\}\$ feed-down from \$\textbackslash Sigma\_\{\textbackslash rm c\}\^\{0,+,++\}\$ decays in pp collisions is presented and observed to be \$\textbackslash sim 2\$ times larger than \$\textbackslash rm e\^+e\^-\$ collisions in the interval \$2 {$<$} p\_\{\textbackslash rm T\} {$<$} 12\$ GeV/\$c\$. The investigation of the charm quark hadronisation mechanisms in hadronic collisions can significantly benefit from production measurements of more charm baryons. In the last Chapter, a few studies on the capabilities to perform such measurements in the future with the ALICE experiment are discussed. New frontiers in the heavy-flavour hadron production measurements will be allowed by the significantly higher statistics that the experiment will collect in the upcoming years, as well as the improved pointing resolution provided by the upgraded ITS detector},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Detectors and Experimental Techniques,Nuclear Physics - Experiment},
  annotation = {Presented 16 Dec 2021}
}

@misc{felixreidtALICEUpgradesSQM21,
  title = {{{ALICE Upgrades}} - {{SQM}} 2021},
  author = {Felix Reidt},
  year = {21},
  month = may,
  url = {https://indico.cern.ch/event/985652/contributions/4298255/attachments/2245839/3808632/SQM2021_ALICE_Upgrades_freidt.pdf},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/romain/Documents/Paper/SQM2021_ALICE_Upgrades_freidt.pdf}
}

@incollection{feynmanBehaviorHadronCollisions1988,
  title = {The {{Behavior}} of {{Hadron Collisions}} at {{Extreme Energies}}},
  booktitle = {Special {{Relativity}} and {{Quantum Theory}}: {{A Collection}} of {{Papers}} on the {{Poincar\'e Group}}},
  author = {Feynman, Richard P.},
  editor = {Noz, M. E. and Kim, Y. S.},
  year = {1988},
  series = {Fundamental {{Theories}} of {{Physics}}},
  pages = {289--304},
  publisher = {{Springer Netherlands}},
  address = {{Dordrecht}},
  doi = {10.1007/978-94-009-3051-3\_25},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3051-3_25},
  urldate = {2023-02-16},
  abstract = {There are several reasons to be interested in this problem of very high energy hadron scattering. Firstly, most theoretical inventions are based on analysis of simple collisions, in which only a small number of particles come out. But it is at once realized that questions of unitarity, the asymptotic behavior for high energy in dispersion integrals, etc, require some ansatz be made for the higher energy collisions, in order to close the infinite hierarchy of equations which result. Secondly, experiments at high energies usually yield many particles, and only by selecting the rare collision can we find those about which the theorist has been speaking. For the highly multiple inelastic collisions (to which the major part of the inelastic cross section is due) so many variables are involved that it is not known how to organize or present this data. Any theoretical suggestion (even if it proves to be not quite right) suggests a way that this vast amount of data may be analyzed. For this reason I shall present here some preliminary speculations on how these collisions might behave even though I have not yet analyzed them as fully as I would like.},
  isbn = {978-94-009-3051-3},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/6FWYINI7/Feynman - 1988 - The Behavior of Hadron Collisions at Extreme Energ.pdf}
}

@article{feynmanVeryHighEnergyCollisions1969,
  title = {Very {{High-Energy Collisions}} of {{Hadrons}}},
  author = {Feynman, Richard P.},
  year = {1969},
  month = dec,
  journal = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
  volume = {23},
  number = {24},
  pages = {1415--1417},
  publisher = {{American Physical Society}},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.23.1415},
  url = {https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.23.1415},
  urldate = {2023-02-16},
  abstract = {Proposals are made predicting the character of longitudinal-momentum distributions in hadron collisions of extreme energies.},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/H2GJ75QT/Feynman - 1969 - Very High-Energy Collisions of Hadrons.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/ZRM5GZU2/PhysRevLett.23.html}
}

@article{fischerThermodynamicalStringFragmentation2017,
  title = {Thermodynamical {{String Fragmentation}}},
  author = {Fischer, Nadine and Sj{\"o}strand, Torbj{\"o}rn},
  year = {2017},
  month = jan,
  journal = {J. High Energ. Phys.},
  volume = {2017},
  number = {1},
  eprint = {1610.09818},
  primaryclass = {hep-ph},
  pages = {140},
  issn = {1029-8479},
  doi = {10.1007/JHEP01(2017)140},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1610.09818},
  urldate = {2023-02-01},
  abstract = {The observation of heavy-ion-like behaviour in pp collisions at the LHC suggests that more physics mechanisms are at play than traditionally assumed. The introduction e.g. of quark-gluon plasma or colour rope formation can describe several of the observations, but as of yet there is no established paradigm. In this article we study a few possible modifications to the Pythia event generator, which describes a wealth of data but fails for a number of recent observations. Firstly, we present a new model for generating the transverse momentum of hadrons during the string fragmentation process, inspired by thermodynamics, where heavier hadrons naturally are suppressed in rate but obtain a higher average transverse momentum. Secondly, close-packing of strings is taken into account by making the temperature or string tension environment-dependent. Thirdly, a simple model for hadron rescattering is added. The effect of these modifications is studied, individually and taken together, and compared with data mainly from the LHC. While some improvements can be noted, it turns out to be nontrivial to obtain effects as big as required, and further work is called for.},
  archiveprefix = {arxiv},
  keywords = {High Energy Physics - Phenomenology},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/B4545RIY/Fischer and Sjöstrand - 2017 - Thermodynamical String Fragmentation.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/MU6L9B8W/1610.html}
}

@article{fritzschAdvantagesColorOctet1973,
  title = {Advantages of the Color Octet Gluon Picture},
  author = {Fritzsch, H. and {Gell-Mann}, M. and Leutwyler, H.},
  year = {1973},
  month = nov,
  journal = {Physics Letters B},
  volume = {47},
  number = {4},
  pages = {365--368},
  issn = {0370-2693},
  doi = {10.1016/0370-2693(73)90625-4},
  url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0370269373906254},
  urldate = {2023-02-16},
  abstract = {It is pointed out that there are several advantages in abstracting properties of hadrons and their currents from a Yang-Mills gauge model based on colored quarks and color octet gluons.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/4NMUS547/Fritzsch et al. - 1973 - Advantages of the color octet gluon picture.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/TW7HLPIC/0370269373906254.html}
}

@misc{ft2SpontaneousSymmetryBreaking2012,
  type = {Wikimedia {{Commons}}},
  title = {Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking (Explanatory Diagram)},
  shorttitle = {English},
  author = {{FT2}},
  year = {2012},
  month = dec,
  url = {https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Spontaneous_symmetry_breaking_(explanatory_diagram).png},
  urldate = {2023-02-21},
  abstract = {Explanatory diagram showing how symmetry breaking works. At a high enough energy level, a ball settled in the center (lowest point), and the result has symmetry. At lower energy levels, the center becomes unstable, the ball rolls to a lower point - but in doing so, it settles on an (arbitrary) position and the result is that symmetry is broken - the resulting position is not symmetrical.}
}

@misc{geant4Geant4HomePage2022,
  title = {Geant4 Home Page},
  author = {{Geant4}},
  year = {2022},
  url = {https://geant4-userdoc.web.cern.ch/UsersGuides/ForApplicationDeveloper/html/Introduction/introduction.html},
  urldate = {2023-04-27},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/3WTRV5Q9/introduction.html}
}

@misc{geant4Geant4MaterialDatabase2022,
  title = {Geant4 {{Material Database}}},
  author = {{Geant4}},
  year = {2022},
  url = {https://geant4-userdoc.web.cern.ch/UsersGuides/ForApplicationDeveloper/html/Appendix/materialNames.html},
  urldate = {2023-06-11},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/GKS9A4DK/materialNames.html}
}

@techreport{gell-mannEIGHTFOLDWAYTHEORY1961,
  title = {{{THE EIGHTFOLD WAY}}: {{A THEORY OF STRONG INTERACTION SYMMETRY}}},
  shorttitle = {{{THE EIGHTFOLD WAY}}},
  author = {{Gell-Mann}, M.},
  year = {1961},
  month = mar,
  number = {TID-12608; CTSL-20},
  institution = {{California Inst. of Tech., Pasadena. Synchrotron Lab.}},
  doi = {10.2172/4008239},
  url = {https://www.osti.gov/biblio/4008239},
  urldate = {2023-02-03},
  abstract = {A new model of the higher symmetry of elementary particles is introduced ln which the eight known baryons are treated as a supermultiplet, degenerate in the limit of unitary symmetry but split into isotopic spin multiplets by a symmetry-breaking term. The symmetry violation is sscribed phenomenologically to the mass differences. The baryons correspond to an eight-dimensional irreducible representation of the unitary group. The pion and K meson fit into a similar set of eight particles along with a predicted pseudoscalar meson X/sup o/ having I = 0. A ninth vector meson coupled to the baryon current can be accomodated natarally in the scheme. It is predicted that the eight baryons should all have the same spin and parity and that pseudoscalar and vector mesons should form octets with possible additional singlets. The mathematics of the unitary group is described by considering three fictitious leptons, nu , e/sup -/ , and mu /sup -/, which may throw light on the structure of weak interactions. (D. L.C.)},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/H9347F2A/Gell-Mann - 1961 - THE EIGHTFOLD WAY A THEORY OF STRONG INTERACTION .pdf}
}

@article{gell-mannIsotopicSpinNew1953,
  title = {Isotopic {{Spin}} and {{New Unstable Particles}}},
  author = {{Gell-Mann}, M.},
  year = {1953},
  month = nov,
  journal = {Phys. Rev.},
  volume = {92},
  number = {3},
  pages = {833--834},
  publisher = {{American Physical Society}},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRev.92.833},
  url = {https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRev.92.833},
  urldate = {2023-02-15},
  abstract = {DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.92.833},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/D8KP3X5D/Gell-Mann - 1953 - Isotopic Spin and New Unstable Particles.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/VD6R5BDQ/PhysRev.92.html}
}

@article{gell-mannSchematicModelBaryons1964a,
  title = {A Schematic Model of Baryons and Mesons},
  author = {{Gell-Mann}, M.},
  year = {1964},
  month = feb,
  journal = {Physics Letters},
  volume = {8},
  number = {3},
  pages = {214--215},
  issn = {0031-9163},
  doi = {10.1016/S0031-9163(64)92001-3},
  url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0031916364920013},
  urldate = {2023-02-14},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/EBIZ7LTW/Gell-Mann - 1964 - A schematic model of baryons and mesons.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/72CD6PI4/S0031916364920013.html}
}

@article{glucksternUncertaintiesTrackMomentum1963,
  title = {Uncertainties in Track Momentum and Direction, Due to Multiple Scattering and Measurement Errors},
  author = {Gluckstern, R. L.},
  year = {1963},
  month = jul,
  journal = {Nuclear Instruments and Methods},
  volume = {24},
  pages = {381--389},
  issn = {0029-554X},
  doi = {10.1016/0029-554X(63)90347-1},
  url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0029554X63903471},
  urldate = {2023-05-30},
  abstract = {The effect of measurement errors and multiple scattering on the uncertainties in momenta and direction of bubble chamber tracks is reexamined. Results are given for the rms uncertainty in momentum and direction, and their correlation, for uniform weighting, and both uniform spacing and clustering of the measured points. It is shown that for measurement errors, clustering of measured points at the beginning, end, and center of the track leads to lower rms uncertainties. Estimates of the effect of multiple scattering include the contribution of single and plural small angle scattering outside the central Gaussian region. The contribution of atomic electrons to the multiple scattering is treated separately. In addition the effect of small angle nuclear scattering is included. Some numerical results are presented for a variety of projectiles in liquid hydrogen and propane chambers.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/DPCIJQQ8/0029554X63903471.html}
}

@article{goldhaberHelicityNeutrinos1958,
  title = {Helicity of {{Neutrinos}}},
  author = {Goldhaber, M. and Grodzins, L. and Sunyar, A. W.},
  year = {1958},
  month = feb,
  journal = {Phys. Rev.},
  volume = {109},
  number = {3},
  pages = {1015--1017},
  publisher = {{American Physical Society}},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRev.109.1015},
  url = {https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRev.109.1015},
  urldate = {2020-06-08},
  abstract = {DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.109.1015},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/PUTT7YSW/Goldhaber et al. - 1958 - Helicity of Neutrinos.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/4ZJLTVCQ/PhysRev.109.html}
}

@article{greenbergCPTViolationImplies2002,
  title = {{{CPT Violation Implies Violation}} of {{Lorentz Invariance}}},
  author = {Greenberg, O. W.},
  year = {2002},
  month = nov,
  journal = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
  volume = {89},
  number = {23},
  eprint = {hep-ph/0201258},
  pages = {231602},
  issn = {0031-9007, 1079-7114},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.231602},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-ph/0201258},
  urldate = {2022-12-30},
  abstract = {An interacting theory that violates CPT invariance necessarily violates Lorentz invariance. On the other hand, CPT invariance is not sufficient for out-of-cone Lorentz invariance. Theories that violate CPT by having different particle and antiparticle masses must be nonlocal.},
  archiveprefix = {arxiv},
  keywords = {High Energy Physics - Phenomenology,High Energy Physics - Theory,Quantum Physics},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/5IH9NTTY/Greenberg - 2002 - CPT Violation Implies Violation of Lorentz Invaria.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/IWI8ZS8G/0201258.html}
}

@article{greenbergSpinUnitarySpinIndependence1964,
  title = {Spin and {{Unitary-Spin Independence}} in a {{Paraquark Model}} of {{Baryons}} and {{Mesons}}},
  author = {Greenberg, O. W.},
  year = {1964},
  month = nov,
  journal = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
  volume = {13},
  number = {20},
  pages = {598--602},
  publisher = {{American Physical Society}},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.13.598},
  url = {https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.13.598},
  urldate = {2023-02-16},
  abstract = {DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.13.598},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/JAZCH3JP/PhysRevLett.13.html}
}

@article{grossUltravioletBehaviorNonAbelian1973,
  title = {Ultraviolet {{Behavior}} of {{Non-Abelian Gauge Theories}}},
  author = {Gross, David J. and Wilczek, Frank},
  year = {1973},
  month = jun,
  journal = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
  volume = {30},
  number = {26},
  pages = {1343--1346},
  publisher = {{American Physical Society}},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.30.1343},
  url = {https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.30.1343},
  urldate = {2023-02-16},
  abstract = {It is shown that a wide class of non-Abelian gauge theories have, up to calculable logarithmic corrections, free-field-theory asymptotic behavior. It is suggested that Bjorken scaling may be obtained from strong-interaction dynamics based on non-Abelian gauge symmetry., This article appears in the following collection:},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/6KWE4VH7/Gross and Wilczek - 1973 - Ultraviolet Behavior of Non-Abelian Gauge Theories.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/XCEWLTEN/PhysRevLett.30.html}
}

@article{hanThreetripletModelDouble1965,
  title = {Three-triplet model with double $\mathrm{SU}(3)$ symmetry},
  author = {Han, M. Y. and Nambu, Y.},
  year = {1965},
  month = aug,
  journal = {Phys. Rev.},
  volume = {139},
  number = {4B},
  pages = {B1006-B1010},
  publisher = {American Physical Society},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRev.139.B1006},
  url = {https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRev.139.B1006},
  urldate = {2023-02-16},
  abstract = {With a view to avoiding some of the kinematical and dynamical difficulties involved in the single-triplet quark model, a model for the low-lying baryons and mesons based on three triplets with integral charges is proposed, somewhat similar to the two-triplet model introduced earlier by one of us (Y. N.). It is shown that in a U(3) scheme of triplets with integral charges, one is naturally led to three triplets located symmetrically about the origin of I3−Y diagram under the constraint that the Nishijima-Gell-Mann relation remains intact. A double SU(3) symmetry scheme is proposed in which the large mass splittings between different representations are ascribed to one of the SU(3), while the other SU(3) is the usual one for the mass splittings within a representation of the first SU(3).},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/TXD5YQWS/Han and Nambu - 1965 - Three-Triplet Model with Double $mathrm SU (3)$ S.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/D5AG9DVS/PhysRev.139.html}
}

@article{harariNewQuarkModel1975,
  title = {A New Quark Model for Hadrons},
  author = {Harari, H.},
  year = {1975},
  month = jul,
  journal = {Physics Letters B},
  volume = {57},
  number = {3},
  pages = {265--269},
  issn = {0370-2693},
  doi = {10.1016/0370-2693(75)90072-6},
  url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0370269375900726},
  urldate = {2023-02-19},
  abstract = {We propose a new quark model for the hadron spectrum. It consists of six quarks - the usual triplet and a new antitriplet of heavy quarks, with electric charges +23, +23,-13. The {$\psi$} particles are bound states of heavy qq pairs. Among many other predictions we find that R = 5 in e+e- scattering and {$\Gamma$} ({$\psi\rightarrow$}e+e-): {$\Gamma$}({$\psi{'}\rightarrow$}e+e- = 2:1. The model naturally forbids neutral |{$\Delta$}S|=1 weak currents and predicts a spectrum of heavy mesons and baryons.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/J9B42GS3/Harari - 1975 - A new quark model for hadrons.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/XUBG3THD/0370269375900726.html}
}

@article{harringtonHighDensityPhaseTransitions1974,
  title = {High-{{Density Phase Transitions}} in {{Gauge Theories}}},
  author = {Harrington, Barry J. and Yildiz, Asim},
  year = {1974},
  month = jul,
  journal = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
  volume = {33},
  number = {5},
  pages = {324--327},
  publisher = {{American Physical Society}},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.33.324},
  url = {https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.33.324},
  urldate = {2023-01-29},
  abstract = {By the introduction of a chemical potential for an absolutely conserved fermion quantum number, we determine the onset of a phase transition in a general renormalizable, finite-temperature field theory with spontaneously broken symmetries. We also briefly investigate the possible physical existence of such a phase transition in black holes and in the early universe.},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/TWYJKV6R/PhysRevLett.33.html}
}

@article{hartouniInclusiveProductionEnsuremath1985,
  title = {Inclusive Production of ${\ensuremath{\Omega}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ and ${\overline{\ensuremath{\Omega}}}^{+}$ by ${K}_{L}^{0}$-Carbon Interactions in the Energy Range 80-280 GeV/c},
  author = {Hartouni, E. P. and Atiya, M. S. and Holmes, S. D. and Knapp, B. C. and Lee, W. and Seto, R. and Wisniewski, W. and Avery, P. and Butler, J. and Gladding, G. and Goodman, M. C. and Lamm, M. and O'Halloran, T. and Russell, J. J. and Wattenberg, A. and Wiss, J. and Binkley, M. and Cumalat, J. P. and Gaines, I. and Gormley, M. and Loveless, R. and Peoples, J.},
  year = {1985},
  month = feb,
  journal = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
  volume = {54},
  number = {7},
  pages = {628-630},
  publisher = {American Physical Society},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.54.628},
  url = {https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.54.628},
  urldate = {2022-09-13},
  abstract = {We have measured the total cross sections of Ω− and ¯Ω+ forward (xF>~0) inclusive production in K0L-carbon interactions in the range EK0=80 to 280 GeV to be 3.5±1.4 and 2.4±1.0 μb, respectively. We observe that the xF distributions for both of these states are increasing from xF=0 to xF≈0.6. The p2⊥ distributions are described as an exponential function in p⊥ with an average p2⊥ of 0.540 GeV2/c2.},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/9NYKUL9T/PhysRevLett.54.html}
}

@misc{heleniusRecentPythiaDevelopments2016,
  title = {Recent Pythia 8 developments: Hard diffraction, Colour reconnection and $\gamma\gamma$ collisions},
  shorttitle = {Recent Pythia 8 developments},
  author = {Helenius, Ilkka and Christiansen, Jesper R. and Rasmussen, Christine O.},
  year = {2016},
  month = apr,
  number = {arXiv:1604.07996},
  eprint = {1604.07996},
  primaryclass = {hep-ph},
  publisher = {arXiv},
  doi = {10.48550/arXiv.1604.07996},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1604.07996},
  urldate = {2023-07-02},
  abstract = {An overview of recent developments in \pythia~8 is given. First the new hard diffraction model, which is implemented as a part of the multiparton interactions (MPI) framework, is discussed. Then the new colour reconnection model, which includes beyond leading colour effects that can become important when MPI are present, is briefly reviewed. As a last topic an introduction is given to our implementation of photon-photon collisions. In particular photon PDFs, required modifications for the initial state radiation algorithm and beam remnant handling with photon beams is discussed.},
  archiveprefix = {arxiv},
  keywords = {High Energy Physics - Phenomenology},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/CYZZHTJX/Helenius et al. - 2016 - Recent Pythia 8 developments Hard diffraction, Co.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/N659A5YY/1604.html}
}

@article{herbObservationDimuonResonance1977,
  title = {Observation of a {{Dimuon Resonance}} at 9.5 {{GeV}} in 400-{{GeV Proton-Nucleus Collisions}}},
  author = {Herb, S. W. and Hom, D. C. and Lederman, L. M. and Sens, J. C. and Snyder, H. D. and Yoh, J. K. and Appel, J. A. and Brown, B. C. and Brown, C. N. and Innes, W. R. and Ueno, K. and Yamanouchi, T. and Ito, A. S. and J{\"o}stlein, H. and Kaplan, D. M. and Kephart, R. D.},
  year = {1977},
  month = aug,
  journal = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
  volume = {39},
  number = {5},
  pages = {252--255},
  publisher = {{American Physical Society}},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.39.252},
  url = {https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.39.252},
  urldate = {2023-02-19},
  abstract = {Dimuon production is studied in 400-GeV proton-nucleus collisions. A strong enhancement is observed at 9.5 GeV mass in a sample of 9000 dimuon events with a mass m{$\mu$}+{$\mu->$}5 GeV.},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/X3ZP5LEF/PhysRevLett.39.html}
}

@article{hippolyteBulkMatterPhysics2009a,
  title = {Bulk Matter Physics and Its Future at the {{Large Hadron Collider}}},
  author = {Hippolyte, B.},
  year = {2009},
  month = jul,
  journal = {Eur. Phys. J. C},
  volume = {62},
  number = {1},
  eprint = {0901.3176},
  primaryclass = {hep-ex},
  pages = {237--242},
  issn = {1434-6044, 1434-6052},
  doi = {10.1140/epjc/s10052-009-0910-9},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/0901.3176},
  urldate = {2023-02-01},
  abstract = {Measurements at low transverse momentum will be performed at the LHC for studying particle production mechanisms in \$pp\$ and heavy-ion collisions. Some of the experimental capabilities for bulk matter physics are presented, focusing on tracking elements and particle identification. In order to anticipate the study of baryon production for both colliding systems at multi-TeV energies, measurements for identified species and recent model extrapolations are discussed. Several mechanisms are expected to compete for hadro-production in the low momentum region. For this reason, experimental observables that could be used for investigating multi-parton interactions and help understanding the "underlying event" content in the first \$pp\$ collisions at the LHC are also mentioned.},
  archiveprefix = {arxiv},
  keywords = {High Energy Physics - Experiment},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/JGLLR8LZ/Hippolyte - 2009 - Bulk matter physics and its future at the Large Ha.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/7AZF8JUB/0901.html}
}

@phdthesis{hippolyteEtudeProductionEtrangete2002,
  type = {These de Doctorat},
  title = {Etude de La Production d'\'etranget\'e Dans Les Collisions d'ions Lourds Ultra-Relativistes \`a \$\textbackslash sqrt\{s\_\{\textbackslash rm \vphantom{\}\}}{{NN}}\vphantom\{\}\vphantom\{\}=130\${{GeV}} Avec l'exp\'erience {{STAR}} Au {{RHIC}}},
  author = {Hippolyte, Boris},
  year = {2002},
  month = jan,
  url = {https://www.theses.fr/2002STR13081},
  urldate = {2022-12-27},
  abstract = {La production d'\'etranget\'e est une composante majeure de la mise en\'evidence d'une phase de partons d\'econfin\'es dans les collisions d'ions lourds ultra-relativistes. Parmi les nouvelles exp\'eriences ayant pris place aupr\`es du collisionneur RHIC, STAR (Solenoidal Tracker At RHIC) offre d'importantes possibilit\'es pour la reconstruction de particules multi-\'etranges comme les Om\'ega et l'hypoth\'etique dibaryon H0. Nous avons d\'etaill\'e les principales motivations de ce type d'\'etude replac\'ees dans le contexte de diff\'erents mod\`eles ainsi que des exp\'eriences pass\'ees. L'analyse des collisions issues des premi\`eres prises de donn\'ees de STAR \`a 130 GeV par paire de nucl\'eons dans le centre de masse,gr\^ace \`a la mise au point de s\'elections sp\'ecifiques, nous a permis d'obtenir un signal significatif d'Om\'ega et d'anti-Om\'ega. Concernant les deux modes de d\'esint\'egration envisag\'es pour les H0,aucun signal significatif n'a pu \^etre observ\'e. A partir de simulations, il a \'et\'e possible d'estimer l'efficacit\'e de d\'etection de ces particules \'etranges et de d\'eterminer la sensibilit\'e de d\'etection de STAR pour la reconstruction d'un des modes de d\'esint\'egration suppos\'es du H0 qui s'\'el\`eve \`a 0,39 H0 par \'ev\'enement pour la premi\`ere ann\'ee de fonctionnement. De m\^eme, la d\'etermination de l'efficacit\'e de notre s\'election des Om\'egas nous a permis d'\'etablir le rapport anti-particule/particule (0. 95 +/- 0. 15) puis de d\'eterminer le taux de production dN/dy= 0. 64 +/- 0. 14 et le param\`etre de pente inverse correspondant T= 411 +/- 44 MeV. Ces r\'esultats entach\'es actuellement d'une grande incertitude statistique restent compatibles avec diff\'erentes pr\'edictions th\'eoriques. Ils ne permettent donc pas encore de conclure quant \`a l'existence d'un plasma de quarks et de gluons.},
  collaborator = {Coffin, Jean-Pierre},
  copyright = {Licence Etalab},
  school = {Strasbourg 1},
  keywords = {Baryons,Interactions d'ions lourds,Mati\`ere nucl\'eaire,Particules \'etranges,Particules lourdes (physique)}
}

@incollection{hooftNaturalnessChiralSymmetry1980,
  title = {Naturalness, {{Chiral Symmetry}}, and {{Spontaneous Chiral Symmetry Breaking}}},
  booktitle = {Recent {{Developments}} in {{Gauge Theories}}},
  author = {Hooft, G.'t},
  editor = {Hooft, G.'t and Itzykson, C. and Jaffe, A. and Lehmann, H. and Mitter, P. K. and Singer, I. M. and Stora, R.},
  year = {1980},
  series = {{{NATO Advanced Study Institutes Series}}},
  pages = {135--157},
  publisher = {{Springer US}},
  address = {{Boston, MA}},
  doi = {10.1007/978-1-4684-7571-5\_9},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-7571-5_9},
  urldate = {2023-02-22},
  abstract = {A properly called ``naturalness'' is imposed on gauge theories. It is an order-of-magnitude restriction that must hold at all energy scales {$\mu$}. To construct models with complete naturalness for elementary particles one needs more types of confining gauge theories besides quantum chromodynamics. We propose a search program for models with improved naturalness and concentrate on the possibility that presently elementary fermions can be considered as composite. Chiral symmetry must then be responsible for the masslessness of these fermions. Thus we search for QCD-like models where chiral symmetry is not or only partly broken spontaneously. They are restricted by index relations that often cannot be satisfied by other than unphysical fractional indices. This difficulty made the author's own search unsuccessful so far. As a by-product we find yet another reason why in ordinary QCD chiral symmetry must be broken spontaneously.},
  isbn = {978-1-4684-7571-5},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Chiral Symmetry,Energy Scale,Gauge Field,Gauge Group,Gauge Theory},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/4SHIPPB5/Hooft - 1980 - Naturalness, Chiral Symmetry, and Spontaneous Chir.pdf}
}

@article{hopperEvidenceConcerningExistence1950,
  title = {Evidence {{Concerning}} the {{Existence}} of the {{New Unstable Elementary Neutral Particle}}},
  author = {Hopper, V. D. and Biswas, S.},
  year = {1950},
  month = dec,
  journal = {Phys. Rev.},
  volume = {80},
  number = {6},
  pages = {1099--1100},
  publisher = {{American Physical Society}},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRev.80.1099},
  url = {https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRev.80.1099},
  urldate = {2023-02-08},
  abstract = {DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.80.1099},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/9C73H2C6/PhysRev.80.html}
}

@article{hyodoQCDStrangeBaryon2021,
  title = {{{QCD}} and the {{Strange Baryon Spectrum}}},
  author = {Hyodo, Tetsuo and Niiyama, Masayuki},
  year = {2021},
  month = sep,
  journal = {Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics},
  volume = {120},
  eprint = {2010.07592},
  primaryclass = {hep-ex, physics:hep-ph, physics:nucl-ex, physics:nucl-th},
  pages = {103868},
  issn = {01466410},
  doi = {10.1016/j.ppnp.2021.103868},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/2010.07592},
  urldate = {2023-05-15},
  abstract = {The strange quark plays a unique role in QCD, reflecting its intermediate mass between the light and heavy quarks. In recent years, remarkable progress has been made in the spectroscopy of baryons with strangeness. Many new features of the strange baryon spectrum have been revealed by accurate experimental data with novel techniques, as well as systematic developments of theoretical framework to describe hadron resonances. The basic properties of strange baryons, namely, the pole positions, spin and parity, and decay branching ratios, are being determined accurately. As a consequence, the Particle Data Group have added new entries in the particle listings, such as the \$\textbackslash Lambda(1380)\$ and the \$\textbackslash Omega(2012)\$. The developments of the spectroscopy stimulate intensive discussion on the exotic internal structure of strange baryons beyond the ordinary three-quark configuration. In this review, we introduce the basics of QCD, the scattering theory, and the exotic internal structure of hadrons, emphasizing the importance of the pole positions of the scattering amplitude for the characterization of hadron resonances. We then summarize the current status of selected strange baryon resonances; \$\textbackslash Lambda(1405)\$, \$\textbackslash Lambda(1670)\$, \$\textbackslash Xi(1620)\$, \$\textbackslash Xi(1690)\$, and \$\textbackslash Omega(2012)\$, from theoretical and experimental viewpoints.},
  archiveprefix = {arxiv},
  keywords = {High Energy Physics - Experiment,High Energy Physics - Phenomenology,Nuclear Experiment,Nuclear Theory},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/2CKVYLBG/Hyodo and Niiyama - 2021 - QCD and the Strange Baryon Spectrum.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/PQUMBDVS/2010.html}
}

@article{ImprovedEventmixingResonance2016,
  title = {Improved {{Event-mixing}} for {{Resonance Measurements}}},
  shorttitle = {Event Mixing,{{Resonance}},Phi Meson},
  author = {, Mengke, Cai},
  year = {2016},
  url = {https://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/search/publication/8889631},
  abstract = {This report first analyzed the reason for the deviation of the event-mixing method in background estimation for resonance research, and one possible explanation is that the event-mixing method can not reproduce the specific angular distribution of produced particles caused by jet-effects. This assumption was checked by Monte-Carlo simulations with PYTHIA, and a certain method of correction called reweighing was proposed to improve the event-mixing method. The improved event-mixing method was then applied for simulation as well as resonance analysis for experimental data from the ALICE experiment, and the results proved that this reweighing method can improve the performance on resonance signal extraction by reducing the residual background.},
  langid = {english},
  annotation = {Student Paper}
}

@book{itzyksonQuantumFieldTheory1980,
  title = {Quantum Field Theory},
  author = {Itzykson, Claude},
  year = {1980},
  publisher = {{New York : McGraw-Hill International Book Co.}},
  url = {https://zoboko.com/download/qnxlydqn/quantum-field-theory?hash=bc158163a6cbbee28187f3df2c397436},
  urldate = {2023-02-09},
  abstract = {xxii, 705 p. : 24 cm. --; Includes index; Bibliography: p. xxi-xxii},
  collaborator = {{Internet Archive}},
  isbn = {978-0-07-032071-0},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Quantum field theory}
}

@article{jaegerElementaryParticlesQuantum2021,
  title = {The {{Elementary Particles}} of {{Quantum Fields}}},
  author = {Jaeger, Gregg},
  year = {2021},
  month = nov,
  journal = {Entropy},
  volume = {23},
  number = {11},
  pages = {1416},
  publisher = {{Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute}},
  issn = {1099-4300},
  doi = {10.3390/e23111416},
  url = {https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/23/11/1416},
  urldate = {2023-02-08},
  abstract = {The elementary particles of relativistic quantum field theory are not simple field quanta, as has long been assumed. Rather, they supplement quantum fields, on which they depend on but to which they are not reducible, as shown here with particles defined instead as a unified collection of properties that appear in both physical symmetry group representations and field propagators. This notion of particle provides consistency between the practice of particle physics and its basis in quantum field theory.},
  copyright = {http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {interpretation,ontology,particle,quantum field,quantum field theory,reductionism},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/JGM42ACD/Jaeger - 2021 - The Elementary Particles of Quantum Fields.pdf}
}

@article{kanakuboInterplayCoreCorona2021a,
  title = {Interplay between Core and Corona Components in High-Energy Nuclear Collisions},
  author = {Kanakubo, Yuuka and Tachibana, Yasuki and Hirano, Tetsufumi},
  year = {2021},
  month = aug,
  journal = {arXiv:2108.07943 [hep-ph, physics:nucl-ex, physics:nucl-th]},
  eprint = {2108.07943},
  primaryclass = {hep-ph, physics:nucl-ex, physics:nucl-th},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/2108.07943},
  urldate = {2021-09-01},
  abstract = {We establish the updated version of dynamical core--corona initialization framework (DCCI2) as a unified description from small to large colliding systems and from low to high transverse momentum (\$p\_T\$) regions. Using DCCI2, we investigate effects of interplay between locally equilibrated and non-equilibrated systems, in other words, core and corona components in high-energy nuclear collisions. Given experimental multiplicity distributions and yield ratios of \$\textbackslash Omega\$ baryons to charged pions as inputs, we extract the fraction of core and corona components in p+p collisions at \$\textbackslash sqrt\{s\}=7\$ TeV and Pb+Pb collisions at \$\textbackslash sqrt\{s\_\{NN\}\}=2.76\$ TeV. We find core contribution overtakes corona contribution as increasing multiplicity above \$\textbackslash langle dN\_\{\textbackslash mathrm\{ch\}\}/d\textbackslash eta \textbackslash rangle\_\{|\textbackslash eta|{$<$}0.5\} \textbackslash sim 18\$ regardless of the collision system or energy. We also see that the core contribution exceeds the corona contribution only in 0.0-0.95\textbackslash\% multiplicity class in p+p collisions. Notably, there is a small enhancement of corona contribution with \$\textbackslash sim20\$\textbackslash\% below \$p\_T\textbackslash sim 1\$ GeV even in minimum bias Pb+Pb collisions. We find that the corona contribution at low \$p\_T\$ gives \$\textbackslash sim 15\$-\$38\$ \$\textbackslash\%\$ correction on \$v\_2\textbackslash\{2\textbackslash\}\$ at \$N\_\{\textbackslash mathrm\{ch\}\}\textbackslash lesssim 370\$. This raises a problem in conventional hydrodynamic analyses in which low \$p\_T\$ soft hadrons originate solely from core components. We finally scrutinize the roles of string fragmentation and the longitudinal expansion in the transverse energy per unit rapidity, which is crucial in initial conditions for hydrodynamics from event generators based on string models.},
  archiveprefix = {arxiv},
  keywords = {High Energy Physics - Phenomenology,Nuclear Experiment,Nuclear Theory},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/6X5PGHMP/Kanakubo et al. - 2021 - Interplay between core and corona components in hi.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/F6K9674P/2108.html}
}

@book{karimakiEffectiveVertexFitting1997,
  title = {Effective {{Vertex Fitting}}},
  author = {Karim{\"a}ki, Veikko},
  year = {1997},
  abstract = {A compact and fast vertex fitting algorithm is presented. The validity of the algorithm has been tested and its timing performance measured with Monte Carlo test program. A strategy to remove outliers and badly measured tracks from the vertex fit is discussed},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Detectors and Experimental Techniques,SOFTWARE,TRACKING}
}

@article{kibbleEnglertBroutHiggsGuralnikHagenKibbleMechanismHistory2009,
  title = {Englert-{{Brout-Higgs-Guralnik-Hagen-Kibble}} Mechanism (History)},
  author = {Kibble, Tom W. B.},
  year = {2009},
  month = jan,
  journal = {Scholarpedia},
  volume = {4},
  number = {1},
  pages = {8741},
  issn = {1941-6016},
  doi = {10.4249/scholarpedia.8741},
  url = {http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Englert-Brout-Higgs-Guralnik-Hagen-Kibble_mechanism_(history)},
  urldate = {2023-05-13},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/H4Y6I3TD/Englert-Brout-Higgs-Guralnik-Hagen-Kibble_mechanism_(history).html}
}

@misc{kimElectronNeutrinoDegeneracyPrimordial1997,
  title = {Electron-{{Neutrino Degeneracy}} and {{Primordial Nucleosynthesis}}},
  author = {Kim, Jong Bock and Kim, Joon Ha and Lee, Hyun Kyu},
  year = {1997},
  month = jan,
  number = {arXiv:astro-ph/9701011},
  eprint = {astro-ph/9701011},
  publisher = {{arXiv}},
  doi = {10.48550/arXiv.astro-ph/9701011},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/9701011},
  urldate = {2023-02-07},
  abstract = {We discuss the possible ranges of electron neutrino degeneracy which is consistent with the inferred primordial abundances of the light elements. It is found that the electron neutrino degeneracy, \$|\textbackslash xi\_e|\$, up to order of \$10\^\{-1\}\$ is consistent with the present data.},
  archiveprefix = {arxiv},
  keywords = {Astrophysics},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/F5A8FYYR/Kim et al. - 1997 - Electron-Neutrino Degeneracy and Primordial Nucleo.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/FMZYSNQT/9701011.html}
}

@article{kniehlTestingUniversalityFragmentation2001,
  title = {Testing the {{Universality}} of {{Fragmentation Functions}}},
  author = {Kniehl, B. A. and Kramer, G. and Poetter, B.},
  year = {2001},
  month = mar,
  journal = {Nuclear Physics B},
  volume = {597},
  number = {1-3},
  eprint = {hep-ph/0011155},
  pages = {337--369},
  issn = {05503213},
  doi = {10.1016/S0550-3213(00)00744-6},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-ph/0011155},
  urldate = {2023-02-01},
  abstract = {Using fragmentation functions for charged pions, charged kaons, and (anti)protons recently extracted from experimental data of e\^+e\^- annihilation at the Z-boson resonance and at centre-of-mass energy root(s) = 29 GeV, we perform a global study of inclusive charged-hadron production in p anti-p, gamma p, and gamma gamma collisions at next-to-leading order in the parton model of quantum chromodynamics. Comparisons of our results with p anti-p data from CERN S p anti-p S and the Fermilab Tevatron, gamma p data from DESY HERA, and gamma gamma data from CERN LEP2 allow us to test the universality of the fragmentation functions predicted by the factorization theorem. Furthermore, we perform comparisons with (e\^+e\^-)-annihilation data from LEP2 so as to test the scaling violations predicted by the Altarelli-Parisi evolution equations.},
  archiveprefix = {arxiv},
  keywords = {High Energy Physics - Experiment,High Energy Physics - Phenomenology},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/X627CQC8/Kniehl et al. - 2001 - Testing the Universality of Fragmentation Function.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/Z3MFW9HA/0011155.html}
}

@article{kochAspectsChiralSymmetry1997,
  title = {Aspects of {{Chiral Symmetry}}},
  author = {Koch, Volker},
  year = {1997},
  month = jun,
  journal = {Int. J. Mod. Phys. E},
  volume = {06},
  number = {02},
  eprint = {nucl-th/9706075},
  pages = {203--249},
  issn = {0218-3013, 1793-6608},
  doi = {10.1142/S0218301397000147},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/nucl-th/9706075},
  urldate = {2022-04-12},
  abstract = {This article is an attempt to a pedagogical introduction and review into the elementary concepts of chiral symmetry in nuclear physics. Effective chiral models such as the linear and nonlinear sigma model will be discussed as well as the essential ideas of chiral perturbation theory. Some applications to the physics of ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions will be presented.},
  archiveprefix = {arxiv},
  keywords = {Nuclear Experiment,Nuclear Theory},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/RN978QIH/Koch - 1997 - Aspects of Chiral Symmetry.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/PQDVXIRF/9706075.html}
}

@article{kosteleckySpontaneousBreakingLorentz1989,
  title = {Spontaneous Breaking of {{Lorentz}} Symmetry in String Theory},
  author = {Kosteleck{\'y}, V. Alan and Samuel, Stuart},
  year = {1989},
  month = jan,
  journal = {Phys. Rev. D},
  volume = {39},
  number = {2},
  pages = {683--685},
  publisher = {{American Physical Society}},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRevD.39.683},
  url = {https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevD.39.683},
  urldate = {2023-05-19},
  abstract = {The possibility of spontaneous breakdown of Lorentz symmetry in string theory is explored via covariant string field theory. A potential mechanism is suggested for the Lorentz breaking that may be generic in many string theories.},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/B2WFCNNM/Kostelecký and Samuel - 1989 - Spontaneous breaking of Lorentz symmetry in string.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/UTC2MV99/PhysRevD.39.html}
}

@misc{kosteleckyStatusCPT1998,
  title = {The {{Status}} of {{CPT}}},
  author = {Kostelecky, Alan},
  year = {1998},
  month = oct,
  number = {arXiv:hep-ph/9810365},
  eprint = {hep-ph/9810365},
  publisher = {{arXiv}},
  doi = {10.48550/arXiv.hep-ph/9810365},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-ph/9810365},
  urldate = {2022-12-29},
  abstract = {A short review is given of some theoretical approaches to CPT violation. A potentially realistic possibility is that small apparent breaking of CPT and Lorentz symmetry could arise at the level of the standard model from spontaneous symmetry breaking in an underlying theory. Some experimental constraints are described.},
  archiveprefix = {arxiv},
  keywords = {High Energy Physics - Phenomenology},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/I3L3B5J8/Kostelecky - 1998 - The Status of CPT.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/AUC43NEJ/9810365.html}
}

@phdthesis{kuceraStudyStrangeParticule2016,
  type = {These de Doctorat},
  title = {Study of Strange Particule Production in Jets with the Alice Experiment at the {{LHC}}},
  author = {Kucera, Vit},
  year = {2016},
  month = nov,
  url = {https://www.theses.fr/2016STRAE048},
  urldate = {2022-12-27},
  abstract = {Le plasma de quarks et de gluons est un \'etat de mati\`ere obtenu lors de temp\'eratures et de densit\'es d'\'energie extr\^emes o\`u les quarks et les gluons sont libres. Cette mati\`ere chaude et dense peut \^etre cr\'e\'ee dans les collisions d'ions lourds ultra-relativistes. Les mesures des spectres des particules identifi\'ees produites dans des jets repr\'esentent un outil majeur permettant d'\'etudier les propri\'et\'es du plasma cr\'e\'e dans les collisions et d'ainsi comprendre les relations entre divers m\'ecanismes contribuant \`a la production de particules dans ce milieu. Cette th\`ese pr\'esente une analyse des spectres en impulsion transverse des baryons {$\Lambda$} et m\'esons K0S produits dans des jets charg\'es lors de collisions Pb\textendash Pb centrales \`a l'\'energie sqrt(sNN) = 2.76 TeV mesur\'ees avec ALICE au LHC. Les r\'esultats sont utilis\'es pour discuter l'origine de l'augmentation du rapport entre baryons et m\'esons observ\'ee pour la production inclusive des particules dans les collisions d'ions lourds ultra-relativistes.},
  collaborator = {Kuhn, Christian and Bielcikova, Jana and Hippolyte, Boris},
  copyright = {Licence Etalab},
  school = {Strasbourg},
  keywords = {539.7,ALICE,Baryon-to-meson ratio,Collisions d'ions lourds,Fragmentation,Heavy-ion collisions,Interactions d'ions lourds,Jets,Jets (physique nucl\'eaire),Particules \'etranges,Plasma quark-gluon,Rapport baryon\textendash m\'eson,Strange particles}
}

@phdthesis{kuhnProductionFragmentsCreation1993,
  title = {Production de Fragments et Creation d'entropie Dans La Reaction {{Au}}(150-800 {{A MeV}}) + {{Au}}},
  author = {Kuhn, C.},
  year = {1993},
  url = {https://hal.in2p3.fr/in2p3-00019084},
  urldate = {2023-05-05},
  langid = {english},
  school = {Universit\'e Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/5YP8SVB5/in2p3-00019084v1.html}
}

@article{lattesProcessesInvolvingCharged1947,
  title = {Processes {{Involving Charged Mesons}}},
  author = {Lattes, C. M. G. and Muirhead, H. and Occhialini, G. P. S. and Powell, C. F.},
  year = {1947},
  month = may,
  journal = {Nature},
  volume = {159},
  number = {4047},
  pages = {694--697},
  publisher = {{Nature Publishing Group}},
  issn = {1476-4687},
  doi = {10.1038/159694a0},
  url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/159694a0},
  urldate = {2023-02-08},
  abstract = {In recent investigations with the photographic method1,2, it has been shown that slow charged particles of small mass, present as a component of the cosmic radiation at high altitudes, can enter nuclei and produce disintegrations with the emission of heavy particles. It is convenient to apply the term `meson' to any particle with a mass intermediate between that of a proton and an electron. In continuing our experiments we have found evidence of mesons which, at the end of their range, produce secondary mesons. We have also observed transmutations in which slow mesons are ejected from disintegrating nuclei. Several features of these processes remain to be elucidated, but we present the following account of the experiments because the results appear to bear closely on the important problem of developing a satisfactory meson theory of nuclear forces.},
  copyright = {1947 Nature Publishing Group},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Humanities and Social Sciences,multidisciplinary,Science},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/DVGUJ22Y/Lattes et al. - 1947 - Processes Involving Charged Mesons.pdf}
}

@article{lehnertCPTSymmetryIts2016,
  title = {{{CPT Symmetry}} and {{Its Violation}}},
  author = {Lehnert, Ralf},
  year = {2016},
  month = nov,
  journal = {Symmetry},
  volume = {8},
  number = {11},
  pages = {114},
  publisher = {{Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute}},
  issn = {2073-8994},
  doi = {10.3390/sym8110114},
  url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/8/11/114},
  urldate = {2022-12-29},
  abstract = {One of the most fundamental symmetries in physics is CPT invariance. This article reviews the conditions under which CPT symmetry holds by recalling two proofs of the CPT theorem: The original Lagrangian-based analysis and the more rigorous one in the context of axiomatic quantum field theory. The presentation of the proofs is followed by a discussion of the major physical implications that arise from CPT symmetry. Motivated by recent theoretical and experimental interest in CPT tests, various approaches to the violation of CPT symmetry are mentioned, and it is briefly discussed how they evade the CPT theorem. An attempt has been made to keep this work self-contained and at a level suitable for a wider readership by excising as many technical aspects as possible.},
  copyright = {http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {CPT theorem,CPT-symmetry violation,implications of CPT symmetry},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/6DXFJ6XY/Lehnert - 2016 - CPT Symmetry and Its Violation.pdf}
}

@misc{levinEverythingReggeonsPart1998,
  title = {Everything about Reggeons.{{Part I}}:{{Reggeons}} in "Soft" Interaction},
  shorttitle = {Everything about Reggeons.{{Part I}}},
  author = {Levin, E.},
  year = {1998},
  month = jan,
  number = {arXiv:hep-ph/9710546},
  eprint = {hep-ph/9710546},
  publisher = {{arXiv}},
  doi = {10.48550/arXiv.hep-ph/9710546},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-ph/9710546},
  urldate = {2023-07-03},
  abstract = {This is the first part of my lectures on the Pomeron structure which I am going to read during this academic year at the Tel Aviv university. The main goal of these lectures is to remind young theorists as well as young experimentalists of what are the Reggeons that have re-appeared in the high energy phenomenology to describe the HERA and the Tevatron data. Here, I show how and why the Reggeons appeared in the theory, what theoretical problems they have solved and what they have failed to solve. I describe in details what we know about Reggeons and what we do not. The major part of these lectures is devoted to the Pomeron structure, to the answer to the questions: what is the so called Pomeron; why it is so different from other Reggeons and why we have to introduce it. In short, I hope that this lectures will be the shortest way to learn everything about Reggeons from the beginning to the current understanding. I concentrate on the problem of Reggeons in this lectures while the Reggeon interactions or the shadowing corrections I plan to discuss in the second part of my lectures. I include here only a short lecture with an outline of the main properties of the shadowing corrections to discuss a correct (from the point of the Reggeon approach) strategy of the experimental investigation of the Pomeron structure.},
  archiveprefix = {arxiv},
  keywords = {High Energy Physics - Phenomenology},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/YABDS929/Levin - 1998 - Everything about reggeons.Part IReggeons in soft.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/WFEHENBL/9710546.html}
}

@article{lhcbcollaborationLHCbDetectorLHC2008,
  title = {The {{LHCb Detector}} at the {{LHC}}},
  author = {{LHCb Collaboration} and Jr, A. Augusto Alves and Filho, L. M. Andrade and Barbosa, A. F. and Bediaga, I. and Cernicchiaro, G. and Guerrer, G. and Jr, H. P. Lima and Machado, A. A. and Magnin, J. and Marujo, F. and de Miranda, J. M. and Reis, A. and Santos, A. and Toledo, A. and Akiba, K. and Amato, S. and de Paula, B. and de Paula, L. and da Silva, T. and Gandelman, M. and Lopes, J. H. and Mar{\'e}chal, B. and Moraes, D. and Polycarpo, E. and Rodrigues, F. and Ballansat, J. and Bastian, Y. and Boget, D. and Bonis, I. De and Coco, V. and David, P. Y. and Decamp, D. and Delebecque, P. and Drancourt, C. and {Dumont-Dayot}, N. and Girard, C. and Lieunard, B. and Minard, M. N. and Pietrzyk, B. and Rambure, T. and Rospabe, G. and T'Jampens, S. and Ajaltouni, Z. and Bohner, G. and Bonnefoy, R. and Borras, D. and Carloganu, C. and Chanal, H. and Conte, E. and Cornat, R. and Crouau, M. and Delage, E. and Deschamps, O. and Henrard, P. and Jacquet, P. and Lacan, C. and Laubser, J. and Lecoq, J. and Lef{\`e}vre, R. and Magne, M. and Martemiyanov, M. and Mercier, M.-L. and Monteil, S. and Niess, V. and Perret, P. and Reinmuth, G. and Robert, A. and Suchorski, S. and Arnaud, K. and Aslanides, E. and Babel, J. and Benchouk, C. and Cachemiche, J.-P. and Cogan, J. and Derue, F. and Dinkespiler, B. and Duval, P.-Y. and Garonne, V. and Favard, S. and Gac, R. Le and Leon, F. and Leroy, O. and Liotard, P.-L. and Marin, F. and Menouni, M. and Ollive, P. and Poss, S. and Roche, A. and Sapunov, M. and Tocco, L. and Viaud, B. and Tsaregorodtsev, A. and Amhis, Y. and Barrand, G. and Barsuk, S. and Beigbeder, C. and Beneyton, R. and Breton, D. and Callot, O. and Charlet, D. and D'Almagne, B. and Duarte, O. and {Fulda-Quenzer}, F. and Jacholkowska, A. and {Jean-Marie}, B. and Lefrancois, J. and Machefert, F. and Robbe, P. and Schune, M.-H. and Tocut, V. and Videau, I. and Benayoun, M. and David, P. and Buono, L. Del and Gilles, G. and Domke, M. and Futterschneider, H. and Ilgner, Ch and Kapusta, P. and Kolander, M. and Krause, R. and Lieng, M. and Nedos, M. and Rudloff, K. and Schleich, S. and Schwierz, R. and Spaan, B. and Wacker, K. and Warda, K. and Agari, M. and Bauer, C. and Baumeister, D. and Bulian, N. and Fuchs, H. P. and {Fallot-Burghardt}, W. and Glebe, T. and Hofmann, W. and Kn{\"o}pfle, K. T. and L{\"o}chner, S. and Ludwig, A. and Maciuc, F. and Nieto, F. Sanchez and Schmelling, M. and Schwingenheuer, B. and Sexauer, E. and Smale, N. J. and Trunk, U. and Voss, H. and Albrecht, J. and Bachmann, S. and Blouw, J. and Deissenroth, M. and Deppe, H. and Dreis, H. B. and Eisele, F. and Haas, T. and {Hansmann-Menzemer}, S. and Hennenberger, S. and Knopf, J. and Moch, M. and Perieanu, A. and Rabenecker, S. and Rausch, A. and Rummel, C. and Rusnyak, R. and Schiller, M. and Stange, U. and Uwer, U. and Walter, M. and Ziegler, R. and Avoni, G. and Balbi, G. and Bonifazi, F. and Bortolotti, D. and Carbone, A. and D'Antone, I. and Galli, D. and Gregori, D. and Lax, I. and Marconi, U. and Peco, G. and Vagnoni, V. and Valenti, G. and Vecchi, S. and Bonivento, W. and Cardini, A. and Cadeddu, S. and DeLeo, V. and Deplano, C. and Furcas, S. and Lai, A. and Oldeman, R. and Raspino, D. and Saitta, B. and Serra, N. and Baldini, W. and Brusa, S. and Chiozzi, S. and Ramusino, A. Cotta and Evangelisti, F. and Franconieri, A. and Germani, S. and Gianoli, A. and Guoming, L. and Landi, L. and Malaguti, R. and Padoan, C. and Pennini, C. and Savri{\`e}, M. and Squerzanti, S. and Zhao, T. and Zhu, M. and Bizzeti, A. and Graziani, G. and Lenti, M. and Lenzi, M. and Maletta, F. and Pennazzi, S. and Passaleva, G. and Veltri, M. and Alfonsi, M. and Anelli, M. and Balla, A. and Battisti, A. and Bencivenni, G. and Campana, P. and Carletti, M. and Ciambrone, P. and Corradi, G. and Dan{\'e}, E. and DiVirgilio, A. and DeSimone, P. and Felici, G. and Forti, C. and Gatta, M. and Lanfranchi, G. and Murtas, F. and Pistilli, M. and Lener, M. Poli and Rosellini, R. and Santoni, M. and Saputi, A. and Sarti, A. and Sciubba, A. and Zossi, A. and Ameri, M. and Cuneo, S. and Fontanelli, F. and Gracco, V. and Min{\'i}, G. and Parodi, M. and Petrolini, A. and Sannino, M. and Vinci, A. and Alemi, M. and Arnaboldi, C. and Bellunato, T. and Calvi, M. and Chignoli, F. and Lucia, A. De and Galotta, G. and Mazza, R. and Matteuzzi, C. and Musy, M. and Negri, P. and Perego, D. and Pessina, G. and Auriemma, G. and Bocci, V. and Buccheri, A. and Chiodi, G. and Marco, S. Di and Iacoangeli, F. and Martellotti, G. and Nobrega, R. and Pelosi, A. and Penso, G. and Pinci, D. and Rinaldi, W. and Rossi, A. and Santacesaria, R. and Satriano, C. and Carboni, G. and Iannilli, M. and Rodrigues, A. Massafferri and Messi, R. and Paoluzzi, G. and Sabatino, G. and Santovetti, E. and Satta, A. and Amoraal, J. and van Apeldoorn, G. and Arink, R. and van Bakel, N. and Band, H. and Bauer, Th and Berkien, A. and van Beuzekom, M. and Bos, E. and Bron, Ch and Ceelie, L. and Doets, M. and van der Eijk, R. and Fransen, J.-P. and de Groen, P. and Gromov, V. and Hierck, R. and Homma, J. and Hommels, B. and Hoogland, W. and Jans, E. and Jansen, F. and Jansen, L. and Jaspers, M. and Kaan, B. and Koene, B. and Koopstra, J. and Kroes, F. and Kraan, M. and Langedijk, J. and Merk, M. and Mos, S. and Munneke, B. and Palacios, J. and Papadelis, A. and Pellegrino, A. and van Petten, O. and du Pree, T. and Roeland, E. and Ruckstuhl, W. and Schimmel, A. and Schuijlenburg, H. and Sluijk, T. and Spelt, J. and Stolte, J. and Terrier, H. and Tuning, N. and Lysebetten, A. Van and Vankov, P. and Verkooijen, J. and Verlaat, B. and Vink, W. and de Vries, H. and Wiggers, L. and Smit, G. Ybeles and Zaitsev, N. and Zupan, M. and Zwart, A. and van den Brand, J. and Bulten, H. J. and de Jong, M. and Ketel, T. and Klous, S. and Kos, J. and M'charek, B. and Mul, F. and Raven, G. and Simioni, E. and Cheng, J. and Dai, G. and Deng, Z. and Gao, Y. and Gong, G. and Gong, H. and He, J. and Hou, L. and Li, J. and Qian, W. and Shao, B. and Xue, T. and Yang, Z. and Zeng, M. and Muryn, B. and Ciba, K. and {Oblakowska-Mucha}, A. and Blocki, J. and Galuszka, K. and Hajduk, L. and Michalowski, J. and Natkaniec, Z. and Polok, G. and Stodulski, M. and Witek, M. and Brzozowski, K. and Chlopik, A. and Gawor, P. and Guzik, Z. and Nawrot, A. and Srednicki, A. and Syryczynski, K. and Szczekowski, M. and Anghel, D. V. and Cimpean, A. and Coca, C. and Constantin, F. and Cristian, P. and Dumitru, D. D. and Dumitru, D. T. and Giolu, G. and Kusko, C. and Magureanu, C. and Mihon, Gh and Orlandea, M. and Pavel, C. and Petrescu, R. and Popescu, S. and Preda, T. and Rosca, A. and Rusu, V. L. and Stoica, R. and Stoica, S. and Tarta, P. D. and Filippov, S. and Gavrilov, Yu and Golyshkin, L. and Gushchin, E. and Karavichev, O. and Klubakov, V. and Kravchuk, L. and Kutuzov, V. and Laptev, S. and Popov, S. and Aref'ev, A. and Bobchenko, B. and Dolgoshein, V. and Egorychev, V. and Golutvin, A. and Gushchin, O. and Konoplyannikov, A. and Korolko, I. and Kvaratskheliya, T. and Machikhiliyan, I. and Malyshev, S. and Mayatskaya, E. and Prokudin, M. and Rusinov, D. and Rusinov, V. and Shatalov, P. and Shchutska, L. and Tarkovskiy, E. and Tayduganov, A. and Voronchev, K. and Zhiryakova, O. and Bobrov, A. and Bondar, A. and Eidelman, S. and Kozlinsky, A. and Shekhtman, L. and Beloous, K. S. and Dzhelyadin, R. I. and Gelitsky, Yu V. and Gouz, Yu P. and Kachnov, K. G. and Kobelev, A. S. and Matveev, V. D. and Novikov, V. P. and Obraztsov, V. F. and Ostankov, A. P. and Romanovsky, V. I. and Rykalin, V. I. and Soldatov, A. P. and Soldatov, M. M. and Tchernov, E. N. and Yushchenko, O. 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  year = {2008},
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  journal = {J. Inst.},
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  number = {08},
  pages = {S08005},
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  url = {https://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/3/08/S08005},
  urldate = {2023-03-12},
  abstract = {The LHCb experiment is dedicated to precision measurements of CP violation and rare decays of B hadrons at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN (Geneva). The initial configuration and expected performance of the detector and associated systems, as established by test beam measurements and simulation studies, is described.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/U72PKJ55/Collaboration et al. - 2008 - The LHCb Detector at the LHC.pdf}
}

@misc{lhcbcollaborationMeasurementBhadronMasses2012,
  title = {Measurement of B-Hadron Masses},
  author = {LHCb Collaboration and Aaij, R. and Beteta, C. Abellan and Adeva, B. and Adinolfi, M. and Adrover, C. and Affolder, A. and Ajaltouni, Z. and Albrecht, J. and Alessio, F. and Alexander, M. and Alkhazov, G. and Cartelle, P. Alvarez and Alves Jr, A. A. and Amato, S. and Amhis, Y. and Anderson, J. and Appleby, R. B. and Gutierrez, O. Aquines and Archilli, F. and Arrabito, L. and Artamonov, A. and Artuso, M. and Aslanides, E. and Auriemma, G. and Bachmann, S. and Back, J. J. and Bailey, D. S. and Balagura, V. and Baldini, W. and Barlow, R. J. and Barschel, C. and Barsuk, S. and Barter, W. and Bates, A. and Bauer, C. and Bauer, Th and Bay, A. and Bediaga, I. and Belogurov, S. and Belous, K. and Belyaev, I. and {Ben-Haim}, E. and Benayoun, M. and Bencivenni, G. and Benson, S. and Benton, J. and Bernet, R. and Bettler, M.-O. and {van Beuzekom}, M. and Bien, A. and Bifani, S. and Bird, T. and Bizzeti, A. and Bj{\o}rnstad, P. 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Perez and Yzquierdo, A. P{\'e}rez-Calero and Perret, P. and {Perrin-Terrin}, M. and Pessina, G. and Petrella, A. and Petrolini, A. and Phan, A. and Olloqui, E. Picatoste and Valls, B. Pie and Pietrzyk, B. and Pila{\v r}, T. and Pinci, D. and Plackett, R. and Playfer, S. and Casasus, M. Plo and Polok, G. and Poluektov, A. and Polycarpo, E. and Popov, D. and Popovici, B. and Potterat, C. and Powell, A. and Prisciandaro, J. and Pugatch, V. and Navarro, A. Puig and Qian, W. and Rademacker, J. H. and Rakotomiaramanana, B. and Rangel, M. S. and Raniuk, I. and Raven, G. and Redford, S. and Reid, M. M. and dos Reis, A. C. and Ricciardi, S. and Rinnert, K. and Romero, D. A. Roa and Robbe, P. and Rodrigues, E. and Rodrigues, F. and Perez, P. Rodriguez and Rogers, G. J. and Roiser, S. and Romanovsky, V. and Rosello, M. and Rouvinet, J. and Ruf, T. and Ruiz, H. and Sabatino, G. and Silva, J. J. 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D. and Websdale, D. and Whitehead, M. and Wiedner, D. and Wiggers, L. and Wilkinson, G. and Williams, M. P. and Williams, M. and Wilson, F. F. and Wishahi, J. and Witek, M. and Witzeling, W. and Wotton, S. A. and Wyllie, K. and Xie, Y. and Xing, F. and Xing, Z. and Yang, Z. and Young, R. and Yushchenko, O. and Zavertyaev, M. and Zhang, F. and Zhang, L. and Zhang, W. C. and Zhang, Y. and Zhelezov, A. and Zhong, L. and Zverev, E. and Zvyagin, A.},
  year = {2012},
  month = feb,
  eprint = {1112.4896},
  primaryclass = {hep-ex},
  doi = {10.1016/j.physletb.2012.01.058},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1112.4896},
  urldate = {2022-06-22},
  abstract = {Measurements of b-hadron masses are performed with the exclusive decay modes B+ -{$>$} J/psi K+, B0 -{$>$} J/psi K*0, B0 -{$>$} J/psi K0S, B0\_s -{$>$} J/psi phi and Lambda\_b -{$>$} J/psi Lambda using an integrated luminosity of 35 pb-1 collected in pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV by the LHCb experiment. The momentum scale is calibrated with J/psi -{$>$} mu+mu- decays and verified to be known to a relative precision of 2 x 10\^-4 using other two-body decays. The results are more precise than previous measurements, particularly in the case of the B0\_s and Lambda\_b masses.},
  archiveprefix = {arxiv},
  keywords = {High Energy Physics - Experiment},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/ENGJN2RR/LHCb Collaboration et al. - 2012 - Measurement of b-hadron masses.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/M2FFR77I/1112.html}
}

@article{lhcbcollaborationMeasurementLambdaXi2013,
  title = {Measurement of the $\Lambda_b^0$, $\Xi_b^-$ and $\Omega_b^-$ baryon masses},
  author = {LHCb collaboration, and Aaij, R. and Beteta, C. Abellan and Adametz, A. and Adeva, B. and Adinolfi, M. and Adrover, C. and Affolder, A. and Ajaltouni, Z. and Albrecht, J. and Alessio, F. and Alexander, M. and Ali, S. and Alkhazov, G. and Cartelle, P. Alvarez and Alves Jr, A. A. and Amato, S. and Amhis, Y. and Anderlini, L. and Anderson, J. and Andreassen, R. and Appleby, R. B. and Gutierrez, O. Aquines and Archilli, F. and Artamonov, A. and Artuso, M. and Aslanides, E. and Auriemma, G. and Bachmann, S. and Back, J. J. and Baesso, C. and Balagura, V. and Baldini, W. and Barlow, R. J. and Barschel, C. and Barsuk, S. and Barter, W. and Bauer, Th and Bay, A. and Beddow, J. and Bediaga, I. and Belogurov, S. and Belous, K. and Belyaev, I. and Ben-Haim, E. and Benayoun, M. and Bencivenni, G. and Benson, S. and Benton, J. and Berezhnoy, A. and Bernet, R. and Bettler, M.-O. and van Beuzekom, M. and Bien, A. and Bifani, S. and Bird, T. and Bizzeti, A. and Bjørnstad, P. M. and Blake, T. and Blanc, F. and Blanks, C. and Blouw, J. and Blusk, S. and Bobrov, A. and Bocci, V. and Bondar, A. and Bondar, N. and Bonivento, W. and Borghi, S. and Borgia, A. and Bowcock, T. J. V. and Bowen, E. and Bozzi, C. and Brambach, T. and Brand, J. van den and Bressieux, J. and Brett, D. and Britsch, M. and Britton, T. and Brook, N. H. and Brown, H. and Burducea, I. and Bursche, A. and Buytaert, J. and Cadeddu, S. and Callot, O. and Calvi, M. and Gomez, M. Calvo and Camboni, A. and Campana, P. and Carbone, A. and Carboni, G. and Cardinale, R. and Cardini, A. and Carranza-Mejia, H. and Carson, L. and Akiba, K. Carvalho and Casse, G. and Cattaneo, M. and Cauet, Ch and Charles, M. and Charpentier, Ph and Chen, P. and Chiapolini, N. and Chrzaszcz, M. and Ciba, K. and Vidal, X. Cid and Ciezarek, G. and Clarke, P. E. L. and Clemencic, M. and Cliff, H. V. and Closier, J. and Coca, C. and Coco, V. and Cogan, J. and Cogneras, E. and Collins, P. and Comerma-Montells, A. and Contu, A. and Cook, A. and Coombes, M. and Coquereau, S. and Corti, G. and Couturier, B. and Cowan, G. A. and Craik, D. and Cunliffe, S. and Currie, R. and D'Ambrosio, C. and David, P. and David, P. N. Y. and De Bonis, I. and De Bruyn, K. and De Capua, S. and De Cian, M. and De Miranda, J. M. and De Paula, L. and De Silva, W. and De Simone, P. and Decamp, D. and Deckenhoff, M. and Degaudenzi, H. and Del Buono, L. and Deplano, C. and Derkach, D. and Deschamps, O. and Dettori, F. and Di Canto, A. and Dickens, J. and Dijkstra, H. and Dogaru, M. and Bonal, F. Domingo and Donleavy, S. and Dordei, F. and Suárez, A. Dosil and Dossett, D. and Dovbnya, A. and Dupertuis, F. and Dzhelyadin, R. and Dziurda, A. and Dzyuba, A. and Easo, S. and Egede, U. and Egorychev, V. and Eidelman, S. and van Eijk, D. and Eisenhardt, S. and Eitschberger, U. and Ekelhof, R. and Eklund, L. and Rifai, I. El and Elsasser, Ch and Elsby, D. and Falabella, A. and Färber, C. and Fardell, G. and Farinelli, C. and Farry, S. and Fave, V. and Ferguson, D. and Albor, V. Fernandez and Rodrigues, F. Ferreira and Ferro-Luzzi, M. and Filippov, S. and Fitzpatrick, C. and Fontana, M. and Fontanelli, F. and Forty, R. and Francisco, O. and Frank, M. and Frei, C. and Frosini, M. and Furcas, S. and Furfaro, E. and Torreira, A. Gallas and Galli, D. and Gandelman, M. and Gandini, P. and Gao, Y. and Garofoli, J. and Garosi, P. and Tico, J. Garra and Garrido, L. and Gaspar, C. and Gauld, R. and Gersabeck, E. and Gersabeck, M. and Gershon, T. and Ghez, Ph and Gibson, V. and Gligorov, V. V. and Göbel, C. and Golubkov, D. and Golutvin, A. and Gomes, A. and Gordon, H. and Gándara, M. Grabalosa and Diaz, R. Graciani and Cardoso, L. A. Granado and Graugés, E. and Graziani, G. and Grecu, A. and Greening, E. and Gregson, S. and Grünberg, O. and Gui, B. and Gushchin, E. and Guz, Yu and Gys, T. and Hadjivasiliou, C. and Haefeli, G. and Haen, C. and Haines, S. C. and Hall, S. and Hampson, T. and Hansmann-Menzemer, S. and Harnew, N. and Harnew, S. T. and Harrison, J. and Harrison, P. F. and Hartmann, T. and He, J. and Heijne, V. and Hennessy, K. and Henrard, P. and Morata, J. A. Hernando and van Herwijnen, E. and Hicks, E. and Hill, D. and Hoballah, M. and Hombach, C. and Hopchev, P. and Hulsbergen, W. and Hunt, P. and Huse, T. and Hussain, N. and Hutchcroft, D. and Hynds, D. and Iakovenko, V. and Ilten, P. and Jacobsson, R. and Jaeger, A. and Jans, E. and Jansen, F. and Jaton, P. and Jing, F. and John, M. and Johnson, D. and Jones, C. R. and Jost, B. and Kaballo, M. and Kandybei, S. and Karacson, M. and Karbach, T. M. and Kenyon, I. R. and Kerzel, U. and Ketel, T. and Keune, A. and Khanji, B. and Kochebina, O. and Komarov, I. and Koopman, R. F. and Koppenburg, P. and Korolev, M. and Kozlinskiy, A. and Kravchuk, L. and Kreplin, K. and Kreps, M. and Krocker, G. and Krokovny, P. and Kruse, F. and Kucharczyk, M. and Kudryavtsev, V. and Kvaratskheliya, T. and La Thi, V. N. and Lacarrere, D. and Lafferty, G. and Lai, A. and Lambert, D. and Lambert, R. W. and Lanciotti, E. and Lanfranchi, G. and Langenbruch, C. and Latham, T. and Lazzeroni, C. and Gac, R. Le and van Leerdam, J. and Lees, J.-P. and Lefèvre, R. and Leflat, A. and Lefrançois, J. and Leroy, O. and Li, Y. and Gioi, L. Li and Liles, M. and Lindner, R. and Linn, C. and Liu, B. and Liu, G. and von Loeben, J. and Lopes, J. H. and Asamar, E. Lopez and Lopez-March, N. and Lu, H. and Luisier, J. and Luo, H. and Machefert, F. and Machikhiliyan, I. V. and Maciuc, F. and Maev, O. and Malde, S. and Manca, G. and Mancinelli, G. and Mangiafave, N. and Marconi, U. and Märki, R. and Marks, J. and Martellotti, G. and Martens, A. and Martin, L. and Sánchez, A. Martín and Martinelli, M. and Santos, D. Martinez and Tostes, D. Martins and Massafferri, A. and Matev, R. and Mathe, Z. and Matteuzzi, C. and Matveev, M. and Maurice, E. and Mazurov, A. and McCarthy, J. and McNulty, R. and Meadows, B. and Meier, F. and Meissner, M. and Merk, M. and Milanes, D. A. and Minard, M.-N. and Rodriguez, J. Molina and Monteil, S. and Moran, D. and Morawski, P. and Mountain, R. and Mous, I. and Muheim, F. and Müller, K. and Muresan, R. and Muryn, B. and Muster, B. and Naik, P. and Nakada, T. and Nandakumar, R. and Nasteva, I. and Needham, M. and Neufeld, N. and Nguyen, A. D. and Nguyen, T. D. and Nguyen-Mau, C. and Nicol, M. and Niess, V. and Niet, R. and Nikitin, N. and Nikodem, T. and Nisar, S. and Nomerotski, A. and Novoselov, A. and Oblakowska-Mucha, A. and Obraztsov, V. and Oggero, S. and Ogilvy, S. and Okhrimenko, O. and Oldeman, R. and Orlandea, M. and Goicochea, J. M. Otalora and Owen, P. and Pal, B. K. and Palano, A. and Palutan, M. and Panman, J. and Papanestis, A. and Pappagallo, M. and Parkes, C. and Parkinson, C. J. and Passaleva, G. and Patel, G. D. and Patel, M. and Patrick, G. N. and Patrignani, C. and Pavel-Nicorescu, C. and Alvarez, A. Pazos and Pellegrino, A. and Penso, G. and Altarelli, M. Pepe and Perazzini, S. and Perego, D. L. and Trigo, E. Perez and Yzquierdo, A. Pérez-Calero and Perret, P. and Perrin-Terrin, M. and Pessina, G. and Petridis, K. and Petrolini, A. and Phan, A. and Olloqui, E. Picatoste and Pietrzyk, B. and Pilař, T. and Pinci, D. and Playfer, S. and Casasus, M. Plo and Polci, F. and Polok, G. and Poluektov, A. and Polycarpo, E. and Popov, D. and Popovici, B. and Potterat, C. and Powell, A. and Prisciandaro, J. and Pugatch, V. and Navarro, A. Puig and Qian, W. and Rademacker, J. H. and Rakotomiaramanana, B. and Rangel, M. S. and Raniuk, I. and Rauschmayr, N. and Raven, G. and Redford, S. and Reid, M. M. and Reis, A. C. dos and Ricciardi, S. and Richards, A. and Rinnert, K. and Molina, V. Rives and Romero, D. A. Roa and Robbe, P. and Rodrigues, E. and Perez, P. Rodriguez and Rogers, G. J. and Roiser, S. and Romanovsky, V. and Vidal, A. Romero and Rouvinet, J. and Ruf, T. and Ruiz, H. and Sabatino, G. and Silva, J. J. Saborido and Sagidova, N. and Sail, P. and Saitta, B. and Salzmann, C. and Sedes, B. Sanmartin and Sannino, M. and Santacesaria, R. and Rios, C. Santamarina and Santovetti, E. and Sapunov, M. and Sarti, A. and Satriano, C. and Satta, A. and Savrie, M. and Savrina, D. and Schaack, P. and Schiller, M. and Schindler, H. and Schleich, S. and Schlupp, M. and Schmelling, M. and Schmidt, B. and Schneider, O. and Schopper, A. and Schune, M.-H. and Schwemmer, R. and Sciascia, B. and Sciubba, A. and Seco, M. and Semennikov, A. and Senderowska, K. and Sepp, I. and Serra, N. and Serrano, J. and Seyfert, P. and Shapkin, M. and Shapoval, I. and Shatalov, P. and Shcheglov, Y. and Shears, T. and Shekhtman, L. and Shevchenko, O. and Shevchenko, V. and Shires, A. and Coutinho, R. Silva and Skwarnicki, T. and Smith, N. A. and Smith, E. and Smith, M. and Sobczak, K. and Sokoloff, M. D. and Soler, F. J. P. and Soomro, F. and Souza, D. and De Paula, B. Souza and Spaan, B. and Sparkes, A. and Spradlin, P. and Stagni, F. and Stahl, S. and Steinkamp, O. and Stoica, S. and Stone, S. and Storaci, B. and Straticiuc, M. and Straumann, U. and Subbiah, V. K. and Swientek, S. and Syropoulos, V. and Szczekowski, M. and Szczypka, P. and Szumlak, T. and T'Jampens, S. and Teklishyn, M. and Teodorescu, E. and Teubert, F. and Thomas, C. and Thomas, E. and van Tilburg, J. and Tisserand, V. and Tobin, M. and Tolk, S. and Tonelli, D. and Topp-Joergensen, S. and Torr, N. and Tournefier, E. and Tourneur, S. and Tran, M. T. and Tresch, M. and Tsaregorodtsev, A. and Tsopelas, P. and Tuning, N. and Garcia, M. Ubeda and Ukleja, A. and Urner, D. and Uwer, U. and Vagnoni, V. and Valenti, G. and Gomez, R. Vazquez and Regueiro, P. Vazquez and Vecchi, S. and Velthuis, J. J. and Veltri, M. and Veneziano, G. and Vesterinen, M. and Viaud, B. and Vieira, D. and Vilasis-Cardona, X. and Vollhardt, A. and Volyanskyy, D. and Voong, D. and Vorobyev, A. and Vorobyev, V. and Voß, C. and Voss, H. and Waldi, R. and Wallace, R. and Wandernoth, S. and Wang, J. and Ward, D. R. and Watson, N. K. and Webber, A. D. and Websdale, D. and Whitehead, M. and Wicht, J. and Wiechczynski, J. and Wiedner, D. and Wiggers, L. and Wilkinson, G. and Williams, M. P. and Williams, M. and Wilson, F. F. and Wishahi, J. and Witek, M. and Wotton, S. A. and Wright, S. and Wu, S. and Wyllie, K. and Xie, Y. and Xing, F. and Xing, Z. and Yang, Z. and Young, R. and Yuan, X. and Yushchenko, O. and Zangoli, M. and Zavertyaev, M. and Zhang, F. and Zhang, L. and Zhang, W. C. and Zhang, Y. and Zhelezov, A. and Zhong, L. and Zvyagin, A.},
  year = {2013},
  month = may,
  journal = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
  volume = {110},
  number = {18},
  eprint = {1302.1072},
  primaryclass = {hep-ex},
  pages = {182001},
  issn = {0031-9007, 1079-7114},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.182001},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1302.1072},
  urldate = {2022-06-22},
  abstract = {Bottom baryons decaying to a J/\psi\ meson and a hyperon are reconstructed using 1.0 fb^{-1} of data collected in 2011 with the LHCb detector. Significant \Lambda_b^0 \rightarrow J/\psi \Lambda, \Xi_b^-\rightarrow J/\psi \Xi^- and \Omega_b^- \rightarrow J/\psi \Omega^- signals are observed and the corresponding masses are measured to be M(\Lambda_b^0) = 5619.53 \pm 0.13 (stat) \pm 0.45 (syst) MeV/c^2, M(\Xi_b^-) = 5795.8 \pm 0.9 (stat) \pm 0.4 (syst) MeV/c^2, M(\Omega_b^-) = 6046.0 \pm 2.2 (stat) \pm 0.5 (syst) MeV/c^2, while the differences with respect to the \Lambda_b^0 mass are M(\Xi_b^-)-M(\Lambda_b^0) = 176.2 \pm 0.9 (stat) \pm 0.1 (syst) MeV/c^2, M(\Omega_b^-)-M(\Lambda_b^0) = 426.4 \pm 2.2 (stat) \pm 0.4 (syst) MeV/c^2. These are the most precise mass measurements of the \Lambda_b^0, \Xi_b^- and \Omega_b^- baryons to date. Averaging the above \Lambda_b^0 mass measurement with that published by LHCb using 35 pb^{-1} of data collected in 2010 yields M(\Lambda_b^0) = 5619.44 \pm 0.13 (stat) \pm 0.38 (syst) MeV/c^2.},
  archiveprefix = {arxiv},
  keywords = {High Energy Physics - Experiment},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/3HWBQGFS/LHCb collaboration et al. - 2013 - Measurement of the Lambda_b^0, Xi_b^- and Omega.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/RGW495SQ/1302.html}
}

@article{lhcbcollaborationPrecisionMeasurementMeson2013,
  title = {Precision Measurement of {{D}} Meson Mass Differences},
  author = {{LHCb collaboration} and Aaij, R. and Beteta, C. Abellan and Adeva, B. and Adinolfi, M. and Adrover, C. and Affolder, A. and Ajaltouni, Z. and Albrecht, J. and Alessio, F. and Alexander, M. and Ali, S. and Alkhazov, G. and Cartelle, P. Alvarez and Alves Jr, A. A. and Amato, S. and Amerio, S. and Amhis, Y. and Anderlini, L. and Anderson, J. and Andreassen, R. and Appleby, R. B. and Gutierrez, O. Aquines and Archilli, F. and Artamonov, A. and Artuso, M. and Aslanides, E. and Auriemma, G. and Bachmann, S. and Back, J. J. and Baesso, C. and Balagura, V. and Baldini, W. and Barlow, R. J. and Barschel, C. and Barsuk, S. and Barter, W. and Bauer, Th and Bay, A. and Beddow, J. and Bedeschi, F. and Bediaga, I. and Belogurov, S. and Belous, K. and Belyaev, I. and {Ben-Haim}, E. and Benayoun, M. and Bencivenni, G. and Benson, S. and Benton, J. and Berezhnoy, A. and Bernet, R. and Bettler, M.-O. and {van Beuzekom}, M. and Bien, A. and Bifani, S. and Bird, T. and Bizzeti, A. and Bj{\o}rnstad, P. M. and Blake, T. and Blanc, F. and Blouw, J. and Blusk, S. and Bocci, V. and Bondar, A. and Bondar, N. and Bonivento, W. and Borghi, S. and Borgia, A. and Bowcock, T. J. V. and Bowen, E. and Bozzi, C. and Brambach, T. and van den Brand, J. and Bressieux, J. and Brett, D. and Britsch, M. and Britton, T. and Brook, N. H. and Brown, H. and Burducea, I. and Bursche, A. and Busetto, G. and Buytaert, J. and Cadeddu, S. and Callot, O. and Calvi, M. and Gomez, M. Calvo and Camboni, A. and Campana, P. and Perez, D. Campora and Carbone, A. and Carboni, G. and Cardinale, R. and Cardini, A. and {Carranza-Mejia}, H. and Carson, L. and Akiba, K. Carvalho and Casse, G. and Cattaneo, M. and Cauet, Ch and Charles, M. and Charpentier, Ph and Chen, P. and Chiapolini, N. and Chrzaszcz, M. and Ciba, K. and Vidal, X. Cid and Ciezarek, G. and Clarke, P. E. L. and Clemencic, M. and Cliff, H. V. and Closier, J. and Coca, C. and Coco, V. and Cogan, J. and Cogneras, E. and Collins, P. and {Comerma-Montells}, A. and Contu, A. and Cook, A. and Coombes, M. and Coquereau, S. and Corti, G. and Couturier, B. and Cowan, G. A. and Craik, D. C. and Cunliffe, S. and Currie, R. and D'Ambrosio, C. and David, P. and David, P. N. Y. and Davis, A. and De Bonis, I. and De Bruyn, K. and De Capua, S. and De Cian, M. and De Miranda, J. M. and De Paula, L. and De Silva, W. and De Simone, P. and Decamp, D. and Deckenhoff, M. and Del Buono, L. and Derkach, D. and Deschamps, O. and Dettori, F. and Di Canto, A. and Dijkstra, H. and Dogaru, M. and Donleavy, S. and Dordei, F. and Su{\'a}rez, A. Dosil and Dossett, D. and Dovbnya, A. and Dupertuis, F. and Dzhelyadin, R. and Dziurda, A. and Dzyuba, A. and Easo, S. and Egede, U. and Egorychev, V. and Eidelman, S. and {van Eijk}, D. and Eisenhardt, S. and Eitschberger, U. and Ekelhof, R. and Eklund, L. and Rifai, I. El and Elsasser, Ch and Elsby, D. and Falabella, A. and F{\"a}rber, C. and Fardell, G. and Farinelli, C. and Farry, S. and Fave, V. and Ferguson, D. and Albo, V. Fernandez},
  year = {2013},
  month = jun,
  journal = {J. High Energ. Phys.},
  volume = {2013},
  number = {6},
  eprint = {1304.6865},
  primaryclass = {hep-ex},
  pages = {65},
  issn = {1029-8479},
  doi = {10.1007/JHEP06(2013)065},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1304.6865},
  urldate = {2022-06-22},
  abstract = {Using three- and four-body decays of \$D\$ mesons produced in semileptonic \$b\$-hadron decays, precision measurements of \$D\$ meson mass differences are made together with a measurement of the \$D\^\{0\}\$ mass. The measurements are based on a dataset corresponding to an integrated luminosity of \$1.0 fb\^\{-1\}\$ collected in \$pp\$ collisions at 7\textbackslash,TeV. Using the decay \$D\^0 \textbackslash rightarrow K\^\{+\} K\^\{-\} K\^\{-\} \textbackslash pi\^\{+\}\$, the \$D\^0\$ mass is measured to be \$M(D\^0) \&=\& 1864.75 \textbackslash pm 0.15 \textbackslash,(\{\textbackslash rm stat\}) \textbackslash pm 0.11 \textbackslash,(\{\textbackslash rm syst\}) \textbackslash, \textbackslash textrm\{MeV/c\^2\}\$. The mass differences \$M(D\^\{+\}) - M(D\^\{0\}) = 4.76 \textbackslash pm 0.12 \textbackslash,(\{\textbackslash rm stat\}) \textbackslash pm 0.07 \textbackslash,(\{\textbackslash rm syst\}) \textbackslash, \textbackslash textrm\{MeV/c\^2\}\$ and \$M(D\^\{+\}\_s) - M(D\^\{+\}) = 98.68 \textbackslash pm 0.03 \textbackslash,(\{\textbackslash rm stat\}) \textbackslash pm 0.04 \textbackslash,(\{\textbackslash rm syst\}) \textbackslash, \textbackslash textrm\{MeV/c\^2\}\$ are measured using the \$D\^0 \textbackslash rightarrow K\^\{+\} K\^\{-\} \textbackslash pi\^\{+\} \textbackslash pi\^\{-\}\$ and \$D\^\{+\}\_\{(s)\} \textbackslash rightarrow K\^\{+\}K\^\{-\} \textbackslash pi\^\{+\}\$ modes.},
  archiveprefix = {arxiv},
  keywords = {High Energy Physics - Experiment},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/EBTIIN4R/LHCb collaboration et al. - 2013 - Precision measurement of D meson mass differences.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/B2X55HEI/1304.html}
}

@article{lhcbcollaborationPrecisionMeasurementXi2020,
  title = {Precision measurement of the $\Xi_{cc}^{++}$ mass},
  author = {LHCb collaboration, and Aaij, R. and Beteta, C. Abellán and Ackernley, T. and Adeva, B. and Adinolfi, M. and Afsharnia, H. and Aidala, C. A. and Aiola, S. and Ajaltouni, Z. and Akar, S. and Albicocco, P. and Albrecht, J. and Alessio, F. and Alexander, M. and Albero, A. Alfonso and Alkhazov, G. and Cartelle, P. Alvarez and Alves Jr, A. A. and Amato, S. and Amhis, Y. and An, L. and Anderlini, L. and Andreassi, G. and Andreotti, M. and Archilli, F. and Romeu, J. Arnau and Artamonov, A. and Artuso, M. and Arzymatov, K. and Aslanides, E. and Atzeni, M. and Audurier, B. and Bachmann, S. and Back, J. J. and Baker, S. and Balagura, V. and Baldini, W. and Baranov, A. and Barlow, R. J. and Barsuk, S. and Barter, W. and Bartolini, M. and Baryshnikov, F. and Bassi, G. and Batozskaya, V. and Batsukh, B. and Battig, A. and Bay, A. and Becker, M. and Bedeschi, F. and Bediaga, I. and Beiter, A. and Bel, L. J. and Belavin, V. and Belin, S. and Beliy, N. and Bellee, V. and Belous, K. and Belyaev, I. and Bencivenni, G. and Ben-Haim, E. and Benson, S. and Beranek, S. and Berezhnoy, A. and Bernet, R. and Berninghoff, D. and Bernstein, H. C. and Bertella, C. and Bertholet, E. and Bertolin, A. and Betancourt, C. and Betti, F. and Bettler, M. O. and Bezshyiko, Ia and Bhasin, S. and Bhom, J. and Bieker, M. S. and Bifani, S. and Billoir, P. and Bizzeti, A. and Bjørn, M. and Blago, M. P. and Blake, T. and Blanc, F. and Blusk, S. and Bobulska, D. and Bocci, V. and Garcia, O. Boente and Boettcher, T. and Boldyrev, A. and Bondar, A. and Bondar, N. and Borghi, S. and Borisyak, M. and Borsato, M. and Borsuk, J. T. and Bowcock, T. J. V. and Bozzi, C. and Bradley, M. J. and Braun, S. and Rodriguez, A. Brea and Brodski, M. and Brodzicka, J. and Gonzalo, A. Brossa and Brundu, D. and Buchanan, E. and Buonaura, A. and Burr, C. and Bursche, A. and Butter, J. 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  year = {2020},
  month = feb,
  journal = {J. High Energ. Phys.},
  volume = {2020},
  number = {2},
  eprint = {1911.08594},
  primaryclass = {hep-ex},
  pages = {49},
  issn = {1029-8479},
  doi = {10.1007/JHEP02(2020)049},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1911.08594},
  urldate = {2022-06-23},
  abstract = {A measurement of the $\Xi_{cc}^{++}$ mass is performed using data collected by the LHCb experiment between 2016 and 2018 in $pp$ collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5.6 $\mathrm{fb}^{-1}$. The $\Xi_{cc}^{++}$ candidates are reconstructed via the decay modes $\Xi_{cc}^{++}\to\Lambda_c^+K^-\pi^+\pi^+$ and $\Xi_{cc}^{++}\to\Xi_c^+\pi^+$. The result, $3621.55 \pm 0.23{\rm\,(stat)\,} \pm 0.30 {\rm\,(syst)\,}{\rm MeV}/c^2$, is the most precise measurement of the $\Xi_{cc}^{++}$ mass to date.},
  archiveprefix = {arxiv},
  keywords = {High Energy Physics - Experiment},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/AGL29P9U/LHCb collaboration et al. - 2020 - Precision measurement of the $Xi_ cc ^ ++ $ mass.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/NURPY7UA/1911.html}
}

@misc{lopienskaewaCERNAcceleratorComplex2022,
  title = {The {{CERN}} Accelerator Complex, Layout in 2022},
  author = {{Lopienska, Ewa}},
  year = {2022},
  month = mar,
  url = {https://cds.cern.ch/images/CERN-GRAPHICS-2022-001-1},
  urldate = {2023-03-05},
  abstract = {The accelerator complex at CERN is a succession of machines that accelerate particles to increasingly higher energies to uncover the mysteries of the Universe. Each machine or accelerator boosts the energy of a beam of particles, before injecting the beam into the next machine in the sequence. In the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) \textendash{} dark blue line \textendash{} particle beams are accelerated up to the record energy of 6.5 TeV per beam. Most of the other smaller accelerators in the chain have their own experimental halls where beams are used for experiments at lower energies.},
  copyright = {Conditions of Use \textcopyright{} 2022-2023 CERN Accessing copyrighted material},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/7H53NSNG/CERN-GRAPHICS-2022-001-1.html}
}

@article{ludersConsequencesTCPInvariance1957,
  title = {Some {{Consequences}} of {{TCP}} -{{Invariance}}},
  author = {L{\"u}ders, Gerhart and Zumino, Bruno},
  year = {1957},
  month = apr,
  journal = {Phys. Rev.},
  volume = {106},
  number = {2},
  pages = {385--386},
  issn = {0031-899X},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRev.106.385},
  url = {https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRev.106.385},
  urldate = {2022-09-13},
  langid = {english}
}

@misc{ludlamHUNTINGQUARKGLUON2005,
  type = {Report},
  title = {{{HUNTING THE QUARK GLUON PLASMA}}.},
  author = {Ludlam, T. and Aronson, S.},
  year = {2005},
  month = apr,
  journal = {Other Information: PBD: 11 Apr 2005},
  number = {BNL--73847-2005},
  publisher = {{Brookhaven National Laboratory}},
  doi = {10.2172/15015225},
  url = {https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1411284/},
  urldate = {2023-01-29},
  abstract = {The U.S. Department of Energy's Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) construction project was completed at BNL in 1999, with the first data-taking runs in the summer of 2000. Since then the early measurements at RHIC have yielded a wealth of data, from four independent detectors, each with its international collaboration of scientists: BRAHMS, PHENIX, PHOBOS, and STAR [1]. For the first time, collisions of heavy nuclei have been carried out at colliding-beam energies that have previously been accessible only for high-energy physics experiments with collisions of ''elementary'' particles such as protons and electrons. It is at these high energies that the predictions of quantum chromodynamics (QCD), the fundamental theory that describes the role of quarks and gluons in nuclear matter, come into play, and new phenomena are sought that may illuminate our view of the basic structure of matter on the sub-atomic scale, with important implications for the origins of matter on the cosmic scale. The RHIC experiments have recorded data from collisions of gold nuclei at the highest energies ever achieved in man-made particle accelerators. These collisions, of which hundreds of millions have now been examined, result in final states of unprecedented complexity, with thousands of produced particles radiating from the nuclear collision. All four of the RHIC experiments have moved quickly to analyze these data, and have begun to understand the phenomena that unfold from the moment of collision as these particles are produced. In order to provide benchmarks of simpler interactions against which to compare the gold-gold collisions, the experiments have gathered comparable samples of data from collisions of a very light nucleus (deuterium) with gold nuclei, as well as proton-proton collisions, all with identical beam energies and experimental apparatus. The early measurements have revealed compelling evidence for the existence of a new form of nuclear matter at extremely high density and temperature--a medium in which the predictions of QCD can be tested, and new phenomena explored, under conditions where the relevant degrees of freedom, over nuclear volumes, are expected to be those of quarks and gluons, rather than of hadrons. This is the realm of the quark gluon plasma, the predicted state of matter whose existence and properties are now being explored by the RHIC experiments.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/BLT4Y48T/Ludlam and Aronson - 2005 - HUNTING THE QUARK GLUON PLASMA..pdf}
}

@article{luedersEquivalenceInvarianceTime1954,
  title = {On the {{Equivalence}} of {{Invariance}} under {{Time Reversal}} and under {{Particle-Antiparticle Conjugation}} for {{Relativistic Field Theories}}},
  author = {Lueders, G.},
  year = {1954},
  journal = {Matematisk-Fysiske Meddelelser Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab},
  volume = {28},
  number = {5},
  pages = {1--17},
  issn = {0023-3323},
  url = {https://cds.cern.ch/record/1071765/files/mfm-28-5.pdf}
}

@book{lyonsHowCombineCorrelated1987,
  title = {How to Combine Correlated Estimates of a Single Physical Quantity},
  author = {Lyons, L. and Gibaut, D. and Clifford, P.},
  year = {1987},
  url = {https://cds.cern.ch/record/183996/files/OUNP-88-05.pdf},
  langid = {english},
  lccn = {OUNP 88-05},
  keywords = {Detectors and Experimental Techniques},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/6X22GR73/Lyons et al. - 1987 - How to combine correlated estimates of a single ph.pdf}
}

@article{lyonsHowCombineCorrelated1988,
  title = {How to Combine Correlated Estimates of a Single Physical Quantity},
  author = {Lyons, Louis and Gibaut, Duncan and Clifford, Peter},
  year = {1988},
  month = jul,
  journal = {Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment},
  volume = {270},
  number = {1},
  pages = {110--117},
  issn = {0168-9002},
  doi = {10.1016/0168-9002(88)90018-6},
  url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0168900288900186},
  urldate = {2023-01-18},
  abstract = {Experiments to measure a single physical quantity often produce several estimates based on the same data, and which are hence correlated. We describe how to combine these correlated estimates in order to provide the best single answer, and also how to check whether the correlated estimates are mutually consistent. We discuss the properties of our technique, and illustrate its application by using it for a specific experiment which measured the lifetime of charmed particles.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/75FVR69S/0168900288900186.html}
}

@book{maireALICESubdetectorsHighlighted2017,
  title = {{{ALICE}} Sub-Detectors Highlighted ({{LHC}} Runs 1+2 // Runs 3+4)},
  author = {Maire, Antonin and Dobrigkeit Chinellato, David},
  year = {2017},
  journal = {ALICE-PHO-SKE-2017-001},
  series = {{{ALICE-PHO-SKE-2017-002}}},
  abstract = {ALICE sub-detectors highlighted in red, one by one. The layout configuration in place during LHC runs (1+)2 and runs 3+4 are presented},
  keywords = {ALICE,ALICE detector layout,ALICE Sketches,Detector,Forward Multiplicity Detector,HMPID,ITS Drift,ITS Strip,Muon Arm,Muon Spectrometer,Silicon Pixel Detector,Silicon Strip Detector,Time of Flight,Time Projection Chamber,Tracking Chamber,Transition Radiation Detector,Trigger Chamber,V0C,Zero Degree Calorimeter}
}

@book{maireALICETPCSectors2011,
  title = {{{ALICE TPC}} Sectors and Pad Rows},
  author = {Maire, Antonin},
  year = {2011},
  journal = {For pad rows fig. : Antonin Maire, ALICE - PhD, CERN-THESIS-2011-263 (p.51, Fig II.7)},
  series = {{{ALICE-PHO-SKE-2011-007}}},
  address = {{CDS - ALICE - PhD, CERN-THESIS-2011-263 (p.51, Fig II.7)}},
  abstract = {The two figures illustrate the ALICE TPC readout segmentation into sectors and pad rows},
  keywords = {A side,ALICE,ALICE Sketches,C side,Time Projection Chamber,TPC pad row,TPC sector}
}

@book{maireFourTypesCascade2011,
  title = {Four Types of Cascade Decays for Multi-Strange Baryons (Charged {{Xi}} and {{Omega}})},
  author = {Maire, Antonin},
  year = {2011},
  series = {{{ALICE-PHO-SKE-2011-004}}},
  address = {{CDS - ALICE PhD, CERN-THESIS-2011-263 (p.74, Fig.III.1)}},
  url = {https://cds.cern.ch/record/2030269},
  urldate = {2023-05-06},
  abstract = {The topology of the cascade decay for charged multi-strange baryons ({$\Xi$}- and {$\Omega$}-) is presented, for particles and charge conjugates along the successive decays.}
}

@misc{maireIntroductionQuarkGluonPlasma2015,
  title = {Introduction to the {{Quark-Gluon Plasma}} Session in {{RJC}} 2014},
  author = {Maire, Antonin},
  year = {2015},
  month = jun,
  number = {arXiv:1506.03683},
  eprint = {1506.03683},
  primaryclass = {hep-ex},
  publisher = {{arXiv}},
  doi = {10.48550/arXiv.1506.03683},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1506.03683},
  urldate = {2022-11-19},
  abstract = {This contribution is a brief introduction to the physics of Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP); the intention is to set the stage for the corresponding session proceedings of the "Rencontre Jeunes Chercheurs 2014". The text consists in a description of the Bjorken scenario of a heavy-ion collision followed by the introduction of the notion of hard probe for QGP studies.},
  archiveprefix = {arxiv},
  keywords = {High Energy Physics - Experiment},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/APZQN9M6/Maire - 2015 - Introduction to the Quark-Gluon Plasma session in .pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/GBMRGRST/1506.html}
}

@article{maireLevyTsallisModifiedBylinkinFunctions2019,
  title = {With {{L\'evy-Tsallis}} and Modified-{{Bylinkin}} Functions},
  author = {Maire, Antonin},
  year = {2019},
  pages = {91},
  langid = {english}
}

@misc{maireMeasurementsInclusivePsi2013,
  title = {Measurements of Inclusive {{J}}/Psi Production in \{\vphantom\}{{Pb}}\vphantom\{\}-\{\vphantom\}{{Pb}}\vphantom\{\} Collisions at \$\textbackslash sqrt\{s\_\{\textbackslash rm \vphantom{\}\}}{{NN}}\vphantom\{\}\vphantom\{\} = 2.76\$ \{\vphantom\}{{TeV}}\vphantom\{\} with the {{ALICE}} Experiment},
  author = {Maire, Antonin},
  year = {2013},
  month = jan,
  number = {arXiv:1301.4058},
  eprint = {1301.4058},
  primaryclass = {hep-ex, physics:nucl-ex},
  publisher = {{arXiv}},
  doi = {10.48550/arXiv.1301.4058},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1301.4058},
  urldate = {2022-07-10},
  abstract = {Charmonium is a prominent probe of the Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP), expected to be formed in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion (A-A) collisions. It has been predicted that the J/psi(c-cbar) particle is dissolved in the deconfined medium created in A-A systems. However this suppression can be counterbalanced via regeneration of the charm/anti-charm bound state in QGP or via statistical production at the phase boundary. At LHC energies, the latter mechanisms are expected to play a more important role, due to a charm production cross section significantly larger than at lower energies. Measurements obtained by the ALICE experiment for inclusive J/psi production are shown, making use of Pb-Pb data at sqrt(s\_NN) = 2.76 TeV, collected in 2010 and 2011. In particular, the focus is given on the nuclear modification factor, R\_AA, derived for forward (2.5 {$<$} y {$<$} 4) and mid rapidities (|y| {$<$} 0.9), both down to zero transverse momentum (pT). The centrality, y and pT dependences of R\_AA are presented and discussed in the context of theoretical models, together with PHENIX and CMS results.},
  archiveprefix = {arxiv},
  keywords = {High Energy Physics - Experiment,Nuclear Experiment},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/UT2CXQ85/Maire - 2013 - Measurements of inclusive Jpsi production in Pb-P.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/7BN2PHSA/1301.html}
}

@book{mairePhaseDiagramQCD2015,
  title = {Phase Diagram of {{QCD}} Matter: {{Quark-Gluon Plasma}}},
  shorttitle = {Phase Diagram of {{QCD}} Matter},
  author = {Maire, Antonin},
  year = {2015},
  journal = {Antonin Maire, CDS - ALICE PhD, CERN-THESIS-2011-263 (p.19, Fig.I.8)},
  series = {{{ALICE-PHO-SKE-2015-002}}},
  address = {{CDS - ALICE PhD, CERN-THESIS-2011-263 (p.19, Fig.I.8)}},
  abstract = {Phase diagram (temperature, net baryon density) of QCD matter, ranging from regular nuclear matter to Quark-Gluon Plasma},
  keywords = {ALICE,ALICE Sketches,Early universe,LHC energies,Phase diagram,Primordial universe,QGP,RHIC energies}
}

@phdthesis{maireProductionBaryonsMultietranges2011,
  title = {{Production des baryons multi-\'etranges au LHC dans les collisions proton-proton avec l'exp\'erience ALICE}},
  author = {Maire, Antonin},
  year = {2011},
  url = {https://cds.cern.ch/record/1490315},
  abstract = {Strange quarks define a valuable probe for the understanding of quantum chromodynamics. The present PhD work falls within this scope; it deals with the study of multi-strange baryons {$\Xi$}\textendash ~(dss) and {$\Omega$}\textendash ~(sss) in proton-proton (pp) collisions at the LHC. The analyses make use of the ALICE experiment and are performed at central rapidities (y~{$\approx~$}0) and low transverse momentum (pT~{$<~$}8,5~GeV/c). The production rates per event of these baryons are drawn from the measurement of differential spectra as a function of the hyperon momentum, d{$^2$}N~/~dpTdy~=~f(pT). At {$\surd$}s~=~0.9~TeV, the production for (~{$\Xi$}\textendash ~+~{$\Xi$}+~) in the inelastic pp interactions is derived from a small statistics of events. At {$\surd$}s~=~7~TeV, the large quantity of available data allows the measurement of production rates for each of the four species : {$\Xi$}\textendash, {$\Xi$}+, {$\Omega$}\textendash{} and {$\Omega$}+. At both energies, experimental data spectra are compared to spectra as produced by different benchmark phenomenological models (Pythia and Phojet). The comparison shows an unequivocal underestimate of the spectra by the Monte Carlo generators in their current versions (up to a factor \textasciitilde 4 for {$\Xi$}, \textasciitilde 15 for {$\Omega$}). Furthermore, an analysis of azimuthal correlations ({$\Xi\pm~$}-~h{$\pm$}) is led at intermediate pT (2~{$<~$}pT~{$<~$}5~GeV/c) for the pp data at {$\surd$}s~=~7~TeV. These correlations indicate that, when the momentum of {$\Xi\pm$} rises, the emission of the latter is preferentially done in correlation with jets},
  langid = {fre},
  keywords = {Particle Physics - Experiment},
  annotation = {Presented 13 Oct 2011}
}

@book{maireTopologicalSelectionsV02011,
  title = {Topological Selections for {{V0}} ({{K0s}}, {{Lambda}}) and {{Cascade}} ({{Xi}}, {{Omega}}) Reconstruction in {{ALICE}}},
  author = {Maire, Antonin},
  year = {2011},
  journal = {Antonin Maire, CDS - ALICE PhD, CERN-THESIS-2011-263 (p.77, Fig.III.4)},
  series = {{{ALICE-PHO-SKE-2011-006}}},
  address = {{CDS - ALICE PhD, CERN-THESIS-2011-263 (p.77, Fig.III.4)}},
  url = {https://cds.cern.ch/record/2030272},
  abstract = {The figures are illustrations of topological selections used by ALICE to reconstruct {$\phi$}(1020), V0 particles (K\textdegree s and {$\Lambda$}, single-strange particles) and cascades ({$\Xi$}- and {$\Omega$}-, charged multi-strange baryons)},
  keywords = {ALICE,ALICE Sketches,cascade decay,decay topology,hyperon,K0s,Lambda,multi-strange,Omega,phi(1020),strangeness,V0 decay,Xi}
}

@book{maireTrackReconstructionPrinciple2011,
  title = {Track Reconstruction Principle in {{ALICE}} for {{LHC}} Run {{I}} and Run {{II}}},
  author = {Maire, Antonin},
  year = {2011},
  journal = {Antonin Maire, CDS -  ALICE PhD, CERN-THESIS-2011-263 (p.58, Fig.II.10)},
  series = {{{ALICE-PHO-SKE-2011-001}}},
  address = {{CDS -  ALICE PhD, CERN-THESIS-2011-263 (p.58, Fig.II.10)}},
  abstract = {Principles of tracking for an ALICE event, showing the three successive paths allowing to build a track and refine its parameters. Numbers ranging from 1 to 10 mention the bits that are activated in case of success during the propgation of the Kalman filter at the considered stage},
  keywords = {ALICE,ALICE sketches,ALICE Sketches,central barrel ALICE,charged particle,Detector,Inner Tracking System,Time of Flight,Time Projection Chamber,tracking,Tracks,Transition Radiation Detector}
}

@book{maireTwoViewsBjorken2011,
  title = {Two Views on the {{Bjorken}} Scenario for Ultra-Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions},
  author = {Maire, Antonin},
  year = {2011},
  journal = {Antonin Maire, CDS - ALICE PhD, CERN-THESIS-2011-263 (p.24, Fig.I.10)},
  series = {{{ALICE-PHO-SKE-2011-005}}},
  address = {{CDS - ALICE PhD, CERN-THESIS-2011-263 (p.24, Fig.I.10)}},
  url = {https://cds.cern.ch/record/2030270},
  abstract = {The sketch describes the Bjorken scenario foreseen for the collision of ultra-relativistic heavy-ions, leading to the creation of strongly-interacting hot and dense deconfined matter, the so-called Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP)},
  keywords = {ALICE,ALICE Sketches,Bjorken scenario,deconfinement,heavy ion,LHC,QGP,quark-gluon plasma}
}

@article{mankelPatternRecognitionEvent2004,
  title = {Pattern Recognition and Event Reconstruction in Particle Physics Experiments},
  author = {Mankel, R.},
  year = {2004},
  month = mar,
  journal = {Rep. Prog. Phys.},
  volume = {67},
  number = {4},
  pages = {553},
  issn = {0034-4885},
  doi = {10.1088/0034-4885/67/4/R03},
  url = {https://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0034-4885/67/4/R03},
  urldate = {2023-05-14},
  abstract = {This report reviews methods of pattern recognition and event reconstruction used in modern high energy physics experiments. After a brief introduction to general concepts about particle detectors and statistical evaluation, different approaches in global and local methods of track pattern recognition are reviewed with their typical strengths and shortcomings. The emphasis is then shifted to methods which estimate the particle properties from those signals which pattern recognition has associated. Finally, the global reconstruction of the event is briefly addressed.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/6UKE6SI5/Mankel - 2004 - Pattern recognition and event reconstruction in pa.pdf}
}

@book{martinParticlePhysics2017,
  title = {Particle {{Physics}}},
  author = {Martin, Brian R. and Shaw, Graham},
  year = {2017},
  month = jan,
  publisher = {{John Wiley \& Sons}},
  abstract = {An accessible and carefully structured introduction to Particle Physics, including important coverage of the Higgs Boson and recent progress in neutrino physics.  Fourth edition of this successful title in the Manchester Physics series Includes information on recent key discoveries including: An account of the discovery of exotic hadrons, byond the simple quark model; Expanded treatments of neutrino physics and CP violation in B-decays; An updated account of `physics beyond the standard model', including the interaction of particle physics with cosmology Additional problems in all chapters, with solutions to selected problems available on the book's website Advanced material appears in optional starred sections},
  googlebooks = {ielRDQAAQBAJ},
  isbn = {978-1-118-91190-7},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Science / Physics / Atomic \& Molecular,Science / Physics / Nuclear},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/SMPJPI8Q/Martin and Shaw - 2017 - Particle Physics.pdf}
}

@article{martinProbingCollectiveEffects2016,
  title = {Probing Collective Effects in Hadronisation with the Extremes of the Underlying Event},
  author = {Martin, T. and Skands, P. and Farrington, S.},
  year = {2016},
  doi = {10.1140/epjc/s10052-016-4135-4},
  abstract = {We define a new set of observables to probe the structure of the underlying event in hadron collisions. We use the conventional definition of the ``transverse region'' in jet events and, for a fixed window in jet \$\$p\_\textbackslash perp \$\$p{$\perp$}, propose to measure several discriminating quantities as a function of the level of activity in the transverse region. The measurement of these observables in LHC data would reveal whether, e.g., the properties of ``low-UE'' events are compatible with equivalent measurements in \$\$e\^+e\^-\$\$e+e- collisions (jet universality), and whether the scaling behaviour towards ``high-UE'' events exhibits properties of non-trivial soft-QCD dynamics, such as colour reconnections or other collective phenomena. We illustrate at \$\$\textbackslash sqrt\{s\} = 13 \textbackslash,\textbackslash mathrm\{\{TeV\}\}\$\$s=13TeV that significant discriminatory power is obtained in comparisons between MC models with varying treatments of collective effects, including Pythia 8, epos, and Dipsy.},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/RBN63H6U/Martin et al. - 2016 - Probing collective effects in hadronisation with t.pdf}
}

@article{mazeliauskasTemperatureFluidVelocity2020,
  title = {Temperature and fluid velocity on the freeze-out surface from $\pi$, $K$, $p$ spectra in pp, p--Pb and Pb--Pb collisions},
  author = {Mazeliauskas, Aleksas and Vislavicius, Vytautas},
  year = {2020},
  month = jan,
  journal = {Phys. Rev. C},
  volume = {101},
  number = {1},
  eprint = {1907.11059},
  primaryclass = {hep-ph, physics:nucl-ex, physics:nucl-th},
  pages = {014910},
  issn = {2469-9985, 2469-9993},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRevC.101.014910},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1907.11059},
  urldate = {2023-02-01},
  abstract = {We present a new approach to take into account resonance decays in the blast-wave model fits of identified hadron spectra. Thanks to pre-calculated decayed particle spectra, we are able to extract, in a matter of seconds, the multiplicity dependence of the single freeze-out temperature $T_{\rm fo}$, average fluid velocity $\left<\beta_{\rm T}\right>$, velocity exponent $n$, and the volume $dV/dy$ of an expanding fireball. In contrast to blast-wave fits without resonance feed-down, our approach results in a freeze-out temperature of $T_{\rm fo}\approx 150\,\text{MeV}$, which has only weak dependence on multiplicity and collision system. Finally, we discuss separate chemical and kinetic freeze-outs separated by partial chemical equilibrium.},
  archiveprefix = {arxiv},
  keywords = {High Energy Physics - Phenomenology,Nuclear Experiment,Nuclear Theory},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/K7IYXTCY/Mazeliauskas and Vislavicius - 2020 - Temperature and fluid velocity on the freeze-out s.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/IHB5MXHI/1907.html}
}

@misc{merriam-websterDefinitionGAUGE2023,
  title = {Definition of {{GAUGE}}},
  author = {{Merriam-Webster}},
  year = {2023},
  month = feb,
  url = {https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/gauge},
  urldate = {2023-02-09},
  abstract = {a measurement (as of linear dimension) according to some standard or system: such as; the distance between the rails of a railroad\ldots{} See the full definition},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/L4TH3ZXY/gauge.html}
}

@phdthesis{mihaylovAnalysisTechniquesFemtoscopy2021,
  title = {Analysis techniques for femtoscopy and correlation studies in small collision systems and their applications to the investigation of $p–\Lambda$ and $\Lambda–\Lambda$ interactions with ALICE},
  author = {Mihaylov, Dimitar Lubomirov},
  year = {2021},
  url = {http://cds.cern.ch/record/2766680?ln=en},
  abstract = {Femtoscopy is a technique relating the correlations between pairs of particles to their emission source and interaction potential. Traditionally femtoscopy is used to study the properties of the emission source, mostly by using charged pion correlations, for which the correlation function is determined only by the Bose-Einstein statistics and Coulomb interaction. The topic of this work is the non-traditional baryon–baryon femtoscopy, the goal of which is to study the interaction potential between different baryon pairs, assuming the emission source is fixed. Such an approach is quite challenging as it requires an exact treatment of the strong potential in order to compute the correlation function, as well as knowledge on the profile and size of the emission source. In the work presented here, a new “Correlation Analysis Tool using the Schrödinger equation” (CATS) has been developed to tackle the issue related to the modeling of the correla- tion function. In previous works it was proposed that in small collision systems the source is approximately the same for all baryon–baryon pairs and this feature leads to the opportunity of using the p–p correlations to fix the source, allowing to study the interaction of other pairs. However, the limits of validity of this method were never quantitatively studied. In particular, the decays of short-lived resonances are expected to influence the emission source differently based on the particle species involved. In this work a new model was developed to handle this effect, making possible to perform non-traditional femtoscopy with much higher precision. This new analysis techniques and method developed were used by the ALICE col- laboration to study a multitude of different baryon–baryon systems, including p–Λ, p–Σ^0 , p–Ξ − , Λ–Λ, p–Ω^− and has even been applied to the meson sector to study the p–K^− interaction. Aside the development of CATS and the new source model, the author was the main analyzer of the p–Λ and Λ–Λ systems, therefore these results will be discussed in detail. In particular, the study of p–Λ has an important link to the equation of state of nuclear matter and the existence of massive neutron stars. In this work the chiral effective field theory computations are verified against the p–Λ data collected by the ALICE collaboration. The Λ–Λ system is of great theo- retical interest, as some models predict the existence of a bound state, the so called H-dibaryon, which could be composed of two Λs. The current work provides fur- ther experimental constraints on the Λ–Λ scattering parameters and binding energy of the hypothetical bound state},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Nuclear Physics - Experiment},
  annotation = {Presented 12 Apr 2021}
}

@misc{missmjStandardModelElementary2019,
  title = {Standard Model of Elementary Particles -- Wikimedia},
  shorttitle = {File},
  author = {{MissMJ} and {Cush}},
  year = {2019},
  month = sep,
  url = {https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Standard_Model_of_Elementary_Particles.svg},
  urldate = {2023-02-05},
  abstract = {Standard model of elementary particles: the 12 fundamental fermions and 5 fundamental bosons. Brown loops indicate which bosons (red) couple to which fermions (purple and green). Please note that the masses of certain particles are subject to periodic reevaluation by the scientific community. The values currently reflected in this graphic are as of 2019 and may have been adjusted since. For the latest consensus, please visit the Particle Data Group website linked below. Own work using:     PBS NOVA [1], Fermilab, Office of Science, United States Department of Energy, Particle Data Group},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/8T2E733I/FileStandard_Model_of_Elementary_Particles.html}
}

@article{muroyaLatticeQCDFinite2003,
  title = {Lattice {{QCD}} at {{Finite Density}} -- {{An}} Introductory Review},
  author = {Muroya, Shin and Nakamura, Atsushi and Nonaka, Chiho and Takaishi, Tetsuya},
  year = {2003},
  month = oct,
  journal = {Progress of Theoretical Physics},
  volume = {110},
  number = {4},
  eprint = {hep-lat/0306031},
  pages = {615--668},
  issn = {0033-068X, 1347-4081},
  doi = {10.1143/PTP.110.615},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-lat/0306031},
  urldate = {2023-02-22},
  abstract = {This is a pedagogical review of the lattice study of finite density QCD, which is intended to provide the minimum necessary contents, so that the paper may be used as the first reading for a newcomer to the field and also for those working in nonlattice communities. After a brief introduction to argue why finite density QCD can be a new attractive subject, we describe fundamental formulae which are necessary for the following sections. Then we survey lattice QCD simulations in small chemical potential regions, where several prominent works have been reported recently. Next, two-color QCD calculations are discussed, where we have a chance to glance at many new features of finite density QCD, and indeed recent simulations indicated quark pair condensation and the in-medium effect. Tables of SU(3) and SU(2) lattice simulations at finite baryon density are given. In the next section, we make a survey of several related works which may be a starting point of the new development in the future, although some works do not attract much attention now. Materials are described in a pedagogical manner. Starting from a simple 2-d model, we briefly discuss a lattice analysis of NJL model. We describe a non-perturbative analytical approach, i.e., strong coupling approximation method and some results. Canonical ensemble approach instead of usual grand canonical ensample may be another route to reach high density. We examine the density of state method and show this old idea includes recently proposed factorization method. An alternative method, complex Langevin equation and an interesting model, finite isospin model, are also discussed. In Appendix, we give several technical points which are useful in practical calculations.},
  archiveprefix = {arxiv},
  keywords = {High Energy Physics - Lattice},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/Q54QL9YM/Muroya et al. - 2003 - Lattice QCD at Finite Density -- An introductory r.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/TBHTDBEX/0306031.html}
}

@article{nambuDynamicalModelElementary1961,
  title = {Dynamical {{Model}} of {{Elementary Particles Based}} on an {{Analogy}} with {{Superconductivity}}. {{I}}},
  author = {Nambu, Y. and {Jona-Lasinio}, G.},
  year = {1961},
  month = apr,
  journal = {Phys. Rev.},
  volume = {122},
  number = {1},
  pages = {345--358},
  publisher = {{American Physical Society}},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRev.122.345},
  url = {https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRev.122.345},
  urldate = {2023-02-22},
  abstract = {It is suggested that the nucleon mass arises largely as a self-energy of some primary fermion field through the same mechanism as the appearance of energy gap in the theory of superconductivity. The idea can be put into a mathematical formulation utilizing a generalized Hartree-Fock approximation which regards real nucleons as quasi-particle excitations. We consider a simplified model of nonlinear four-fermion interaction which allows a {$\gamma$}5-gauge group. An interesting consequence of the symmetry is that there arise automatically pseudoscalar zero-mass bound states of nucleon-antinucleon pair which may be regarded as an idealized pion. In addition, massive bound states of nucleon number zero and two are predicted in a simple approximation.},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/TU6V78CU/Nambu and Jona-Lasinio - 1961 - Dynamical Model of Elementary Particles Based on a.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/2NFYA5DV/PhysRev.122.html}
}

@article{neemanDerivationStrongInteractions1961,
  title = {Derivation of Strong Interactions from a Gauge Invariance},
  author = {Ne'eman, Y.},
  year = {1961},
  month = aug,
  journal = {Nuclear Physics},
  volume = {26},
  number = {2},
  pages = {222--229},
  issn = {0029-5582},
  doi = {10.1016/0029-5582(61)90134-1},
  url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0029558261901341},
  urldate = {2023-02-15},
  abstract = {A representation for the baryons and bosons is suggested, based on the Lie algebra of the 3-dimensional traceless matrices. This enables us to generate the strong interactions from a gauge invariance principle, involving 8 vector bosons. Some connections with the electromagnetic and weak interactions are further discussed.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/NCQ2CX2X/Ne'eman - 1961 - Derivation of strong interactions from a gauge inv.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/UT5MVQZ3/0029558261901341.html}
}

@phdthesis{nielPreciseMeasurementsCharmed2021,
  title = {Precise Measurements of Charmed Baryon Properties with the {{LHCb}} Detector at the {{LHC}}},
  author = {Niel, Elisabeth Maria},
  year = {2021},
  month = sep,
  url = {https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-03414369},
  urldate = {2022-07-14},
  abstract = {Charmed baryon polarization is not predicted by theory and it is a necessary input for the measurement of the charmed baryons magnetic dipole moment (MDM) which is foreseen at the LHC. Baryon's polarization has been measured for strange (Lambda) and beauty (Lambda\_b) baryons in different colliding systems, however, no measurement exists for charmed baryons as of today. In this thesis, the Lambda\_c polarization is measured by mean of a five-dimensional amplitude analysis of the three-body weak decay Lc-{$>$}pKpi of Lc produced in pp collisions at a center of mass energy of 13 TeV.The Lc-{$>$}pKpi decay passes through intermediate resonant states which interfere with each other, and which need to be included in the amplitude. First, the equations describing the amplitude of this three-body decay have been derived within the helicity formalism. The polarization is accounted for by mean of the spin density matrix and the intermediate resonant states are described using the isobar model factorization. This work allowed to better understand the helicity amplitudes and can be easily extended to other three-body baryonic decays featuring particles with spin in the final state.Then, the helicity amplitudes obtained are used to describe the data collected by the LHCb detector at CERN during the 2016 data taking period (Run 2), corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.7 fb\^-1. Since the polarization depends on the production mechanism involved, it is important to separate the Lc produced directly after the pp collisions via strong interactions (prompt production), from the Lc produced via a weak decay of other baryons (secondary production). In this analysis, the promptly produced Lc are studied.The Lc-{$>$}pKpi decay, with a branching ratio of 6.28 +- 0.32 \%, is the most abundant Lc decay mode and the final data sample, after the optimization of the selection chain, contains around \textasciitilde 500 000 signal events, it has a signal purity of \textasciitilde 97\% and the contamination due to secondary Lc is less than 2 \%. The asymmetry parameters of the intermediate decays, which are combinations of the helicity couplings contained in the amplitude, are also measured along with the fit fractions, which describe the contribution of each resonance to the total amplitude. The results of the Lc-{$>$}pKpi amplitude analysis will be used to measure the polarization of Lc baryons produced in proton gas (pNe) collisions, using a data sample collected by the LHCb detector during 2017 at a center of mass energy of 68 GeV.The next data acquisition phase, foreseen in 2022, will see an increase of the collision rate by a factor of 5 at LHCb. A new detector, called PLUME, has been designed to perform a luminosity measurement in the new running conditions. In this thesis, the front-end electronics of the LHCb calorimeter has been tested to prove that it is adapted for the PLUME detector needs and it is now the baseline electronics for PLUME. Finally, a measurement of the LHCb clock shift using the PLUME detector is proposed. The LHCb clock can be desynchronized from the LHC main clock; a shift up to 1 ns has been measured during Run 1 and Run 2, using the Outer Tracker (OT), with a time resolution of 0.5 ns. During Run 3 the OT will be removed and LHCb will collect data at 40 MHz with a new triggering scheme based on an entirely software trigger. Stable running conditions are essential for such a scheme to work, and the clock shift could have a large impact on the LHCb detector performances. PLUME could be used to monitor the LHCb clock shift and in this thesis a preliminary timing measurement is performed probing the feasibility of such a measurement and opening the route to further studies.},
  langid = {english},
  school = {Universit\'e Paris-Saclay},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/LYHUYL8C/Niel - 2021 - Precise measurements of charmed baryon properties .pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/RCDIIWRG/tel-03414369.html}
}

@article{noetherInvariantVariationProblems1971,
  title = {Invariant {{Variation Problems}}},
  author = {Noether, Emmy and Tavel, M. A.},
  year = {1971},
  month = jan,
  journal = {Transport Theory and Statistical Physics},
  volume = {1},
  number = {3},
  eprint = {physics/0503066},
  pages = {186--207},
  issn = {0041-1450, 1532-2424},
  doi = {10.1080/00411457108231446},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/physics/0503066},
  urldate = {2023-02-08},
  abstract = {The problems in variation here concerned are such as to admit a continuous group (in Lie's sense); the conclusions that emerge from the corresponding differential equations find their most general expression in the theorems formulated in Section 1 and proved in following sections. Concerning these differential equations that arise from problems of variation, far more precise statements can be made than about arbitrary differential equations admitting of a group, which are the subject of Lie's researches. What is to follow, therefore, represents a combination of the methods of the formal calculus of variations with those of Lie's group theory. For special groups and problems in variation, this combination of methods is not new; I may cite Hamel and Herglotz for special finite groups, Lorentz and his pupils (for instance Fokker), Weyl and Klein for special infinite groups. Especially Klein's second Note and the present developments have been mutually influenced by each other, in which regard I may refer to the concluding remarks of Klein's Note.},
  archiveprefix = {arxiv},
  keywords = {Physics - History and Philosophy of Physics},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/GGS2RDLL/Noether and Tavel - 1971 - Invariant Variation Problems.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/UFBZTYCD/0503066.html}
}

@article{oksakInvalidityTCPtheoremInfinitecomponent1968,
  title = {Invalidity of {{TCP-theorem}} for Infinite-Component Fields},
  author = {Oksak, A. I. and Todorov, I. T.},
  year = {1968},
  month = jun,
  journal = {Commun.Math. Phys.},
  volume = {11},
  number = {2},
  pages = {125--130},
  issn = {1432-0916},
  doi = {10.1007/BF01645900},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01645900},
  urldate = {2023-05-19},
  abstract = {Necessary conditions are given for the TCP invariance of a local field with usual energy-momentum spectrum. Examples are constructed of both Fermi and Bose local free infinite-component fields which violate these conditions and consequently do not allow a TCP symmetry.},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Complex System,Neural Network,Nonlinear Dynamics,Quantum Computing,Statistical Physic},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/YY5F6CBC/Oksak and Todorov - 1968 - Invalidity of TCP-theorem for infinite-component f.pdf}
}

@article{particledatagroupReviewParticlePhysics2022,
  title = {Review of {{Particle Physics}}},
  author = {{Particle Data Group}},
  year = {2022},
  journal = {PTEP},
  volume = {2022},
  pages = {083C01},
  doi = {10.1093/ptep/ptac097},
  url = {https://pdglive.lbl.gov/Viewer.action},
  abstract = {Workman, R. L. and Others}
}

@incollection{pecceiDiscreteGlobalSymmetries1999,
  title = {Discrete and {{Global Symmetries}} in {{Particle Physics}}},
  author = {Peccei, R. D.},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {521},
  eprint = {hep-ph/9807516},
  pages = {1--50},
  doi = {10.1007/BFb0105521},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-ph/9807516},
  urldate = {2023-02-08},
  abstract = {I begin these lectures by examining the transformation properties of quantum fields under the discrete symmetries of Parity, P, Charge Conjugation, C, and Time Reversal, T. With these results in hand, I then show how the structure of the Standard Model helps explain the conservation/violation of these symmetries in various sectors of the theory. This discussion is also used to give a qualitative proof of the CPT Theorem, and some of the stringent tests of this theorem in the neutral Kaon sector are reviewed. In the second part of these lectures, global symmetries are examined. Here, after the distinction between Wigner-Weyl and Nambu-Goldstone realizations of these symmetries is explained, a discussion is given of the various, approximate or real, global symmetries of the Standard Model. Particular attention is paid to the role that chiral anomalies play in altering the classical symmetry patterns of the Standard Model. To understand the differences between anomaly effects in QCD and those in the electroweak theory, a discussion of the nature of the vacuum structure of gauge theories is presented. This naturally raises the issue of the strong CP problem, and I present a brief discussion of the chiral solution to this problem and of its ramifications for astrophysics and cosmology. I also touch briefly on possible constraints on, and prospects for, having real Nambu-Goldstone bosons in nature, concentrating specifically on the simplest example of Majorons. I end these lectures by discussing the compatibility of having global symmetry in the presence of gravitational interactions. Although these interactions, in general, produces small corrections, they can alter significantly the Nambu-Goldstone sector of theories.},
  archiveprefix = {arxiv},
  keywords = {High Energy Physics - Phenomenology},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/EWHCHU5B/Peccei - 1999 - Discrete and Global Symmetries in Particle Physics.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/GEFNFEL4/9807516.html}
}

@book{peskinIntroductionQuantumField2018,
  title = {An {{Introduction To Quantum Field Theory}}},
  author = {Peskin, Michael E.},
  year = {2018},
  month = jan,
  publisher = {{CRC Press}},
  address = {{Boca Raton}},
  doi = {10.1201/9780429503559},
  url = {https://www.zuj.edu.jo/download/an-introduction-to-quantum-field-theory-peskin-and-schroeder-pdf/},
  abstract = {An Introduction to Quantum Field Theory is a textbook intended for the graduate physics course covering relativistic quantum mechanics, quantum electrodynamics, and Feynman diagrams. The authors make these subjects accessible through carefully worked examples illustrating the technical aspects of the subject, and intuitive explanations of what is going on behind the mathematics. After presenting the basics of quantum electrodynamics, the authors discuss the theory of renormalization and its relation to statistical mechanics, and introduce the renormalization group. This discussion sets the stage for a discussion of the physical principles that underlie the fundamental interactions of elementary particle physics and their description by gauge field theories.},
  isbn = {978-0-429-50355-9},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/K42PZ3AQ/Peskin - 2018 - An Introduction To Quantum Field Theory.pdf}
}

@article{petreczkyLatticeQCDNonzero2012,
  title = {Lattice {{QCD}} at Non-Zero Temperature},
  author = {Petreczky, P.},
  year = {2012},
  month = sep,
  journal = {J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys.},
  volume = {39},
  number = {9},
  eprint = {1203.5320},
  primaryclass = {hep-lat, physics:hep-ph},
  pages = {093002},
  issn = {0954-3899, 1361-6471},
  doi = {10.1088/0954-3899/39/9/093002},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1203.5320},
  urldate = {2023-01-27},
  abstract = {I review our current understanding of the properties of strongly interacting matter at high temperatures, based upon numerical calculations in lattice QCD. I discuss the chiral and deconfining aspects of the QCD transition, the equation of state, fluctuations of conserved charges, color screening, meson correlation functions, and the determination of some transport coefficients.},
  archiveprefix = {arxiv},
  keywords = {High Energy Physics - Lattice,High Energy Physics - Phenomenology},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/DKC69Q3V/Petreczky - 2012 - Lattice QCD at non-zero temperature.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/TPQBYR5N/1203.html}
}

@article{phenixcollaborationFormationDensePartonic2005,
  title = {Formation of Dense Partonic Matter in Relativistic Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions at {{RHIC}}: {{Experimental}} Evaluation by the {{PHENIX}} Collaboration},
  shorttitle = {Formation of Dense Partonic Matter in Relativistic Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions at {{RHIC}}},
  author = {{PHENIX Collaboration} and Adcox, K.},
  year = {2005},
  month = aug,
  journal = {Nuclear Physics A},
  volume = {757},
  number = {1-2},
  eprint = {nucl-ex/0410003},
  pages = {184--283},
  issn = {03759474},
  doi = {10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2005.03.086},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/nucl-ex/0410003},
  urldate = {2023-02-26},
  abstract = {Extensive experimental data from high-energy nucleus-nucleus collisions were recorded using the PHENIX detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). The comprehensive set of measurements from the first three years of RHIC operation includes charged particle multiplicities, transverse energy, yield ratios and spectra of identified hadrons in a wide range of transverse momenta (p\_T), elliptic flow, two-particle correlations, non-statistical fluctuations, and suppression of particle production at high p\_T. The results are examined with an emphasis on implications for the formation of a new state of dense matter. We find that the state of matter created at RHIC cannot be described in terms of ordinary color neutral hadrons.},
  archiveprefix = {arxiv},
  keywords = {Nuclear Experiment},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/P9X5GWKD/PHENIX Collaboration and Adcox - 2005 - Formation of dense partonic matter in relativistic.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/USG58TBP/0410003.html}
}

@article{philipsenQCDEquationState2013,
  title = {The {{QCD}} Equation of State from the Lattice},
  author = {Philipsen, Owe},
  year = {2013},
  month = may,
  journal = {Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics},
  volume = {70},
  eprint = {1207.5999},
  primaryclass = {hep-lat, physics:hep-ph},
  pages = {55--107},
  issn = {01466410},
  doi = {10.1016/j.ppnp.2012.09.003},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1207.5999},
  urldate = {2023-02-23},
  abstract = {The equation of state of QCD at finite temperatures and baryon densities has a wide range of applications in many fields of modern particle and nuclear physics. It is the main ingredient to describe the dynamics of experimental heavy ion collisions, the expansion of the early universe in the standard model era and the interior of compact stars. On most scales of interest, QCD is strongly coupled and not amenable to perturbative investigations. Over the last decade, first principles calculations using lattice QCD have reached maturity, in the sense that for particular discretisation schemes simulations at the physical point have become possible, finite temperature results near the continuum limit are available and systematic errors begin to be controlled. This review summarises the current theoretical and numerical state of the art based on staggered and Wilson fermions.},
  archiveprefix = {arxiv},
  keywords = {High Energy Physics - Lattice,High Energy Physics - Phenomenology},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/INX9N6EQ/Philipsen - 2013 - The QCD equation of state from the lattice.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/DGRIEU5Z/1207.html}
}

@article{pierogEPOSLHCTest2015,
  title = {{{EPOS LHC}}: {{Test}} of Collective Hadronization with Data Measured at the {{CERN Large Hadron Collider}}},
  shorttitle = {{{EPOS LHC}}},
  author = {Pierog, T. and Karpenko, {\relax Iu}. and Katzy, J. M. and Yatsenko, E. and Werner, K.},
  year = {2015},
  month = sep,
  journal = {Phys. Rev. C},
  volume = {92},
  number = {3},
  pages = {034906},
  publisher = {{American Physical Society}},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRevC.92.034906},
  url = {https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevC.92.034906},
  urldate = {2023-04-27},
  abstract = {Epos is a Monte Carlo event generator for minimum bias hadronic interactions, used for both heavy ion interactions and cosmic ray air shower simulations. Since the last public release in 2009, the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) experiments have provided a number of very interesting data sets comprising minimum bias p-p,p-Pb, and Pb-Pb interactions. We describe the changes required to the model to reproduce in detail the new data available from the LHC and the consequences in the interpretation of these data. In particular we discuss the effect of the collective hadronization in p-p scattering. A different parametrization of flow has been introduced in the case of a small volume with high density of thermalized matter (core) reached in p-p compared to large volume produced in heavy ion collisions. Both parametrizations depend only on the geometry and the amount of secondary particles entering in the core and not on the beam mass or energy. The transition between the two flow regimes can be tested with p-Pb data. Epos LHC is able to reproduce all minimum bias results for all particles with transverse momentum from pt=0 to a few GeV/c.},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/PYMLB6RM/Pierog et al. - 2015 - EPOS LHC Test of collective hadronization with da.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/2TZSAFJY/PhysRevC.92.html}
}

@article{pivkSPlotStatisticalTool2005,
  title = {{{sPlot}}: A Statistical Tool to Unfold Data Distributions},
  shorttitle = {{{sPlot}}},
  author = {Pivk, Muriel and Diberder, Francois R. Le},
  year = {2005},
  month = dec,
  journal = {Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment},
  volume = {555},
  number = {1-2},
  eprint = {physics/0402083},
  pages = {356--369},
  issn = {01689002},
  doi = {10.1016/j.nima.2005.08.106},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/physics/0402083},
  urldate = {2022-06-22},
  abstract = {The paper advocates the use of a statistical tool dedicated to the exploration of data samples populated by several sources of events. This new technique, called sPlot, is able to unfold the contributions of the different sources to the distribution of a data sample in a given variable. The sPlot tool applies in the context of a Likelihood fit which is performed on the data sample to determine the yields of the various sources.},
  archiveprefix = {arxiv},
  keywords = {High Energy Physics - Experiment,{Physics - Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability}},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/QN88DRGW/Pivk and Diberder - 2005 - sPlot a statistical tool to unfold data distribut.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/8KF3LIH5/0402083.html}
}

@article{politzerReliablePerturbativeResults1973,
  title = {Reliable {{Perturbative Results}} for {{Strong Interactions}}?},
  author = {Politzer, H. David},
  year = {1973},
  month = jun,
  journal = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
  volume = {30},
  number = {26},
  pages = {1346--1349},
  publisher = {{American Physical Society}},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.30.1346},
  url = {https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.30.1346},
  urldate = {2023-02-16},
  abstract = {An explicit calculation shows perturbation theory to be arbitrarily good for the deep Euclidean Green's functions of any Yang-Mills theory and of many Yang-Mills theories with fermions. Under the hypothesis that spontaneous symmetry breakdown is of dynamical origin, these symmetric Green's functions are the asymptotic forms of the physically significant spontaneously broken solution, whose coupling could be strong., This article appears in the following collection:},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/ANSY6M9Y/Politzer - 1973 - Reliable Perturbative Results for Strong Interacti.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/RU5GHEAY/PhysRevLett.30.html}
}

@misc{PPLATOFLAPPHYS,
  title = {{{PPLATO}} | {{FLAP}} | {{PHYS}} 4.2: {{Introducing}} Magnetism},
  url = {http://www.met.reading.ac.uk/pplato2/h-flap/phys4_2.html},
  urldate = {2023-02-21},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/V8NJ6ZWS/phys4_2.html}
}

@book{pullmanAtomHistoryHuman1998,
  title = {The Atom in the History of Human Thought},
  author = {Pullman, Bernard},
  year = {1998},
  publisher = {{New York : Oxford University Press}},
  url = {http://archive.org/details/atominhistoryofh0000pull},
  urldate = {2023-02-04},
  abstract = {x, 403 p. : 25 cm; Includes bibliographical references (p. [355]-392) and index},
  collaborator = {{Internet Archive}},
  isbn = {978-0-19-511447-8},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Atomic theory -- History}
}

@misc{PWGMMMultiplicityALICETWiki,
  title = {{{PWG-MMMultiplicity}} {$<$} {{ALICE}} {$<$} {{TWiki}}},
  url = {https://twiki.cern.ch/twiki/bin/viewauth/ALICE/PWG-MMMultiplicity},
  urldate = {2021-09-01},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/XCUZRJGQ/PWG-MMMultiplicity.html}
}

@misc{quantumdiariesHelicityChiralityMass2011,
  title = {Helicity, {{Chirality}}, {{Mass}}, and the {{Higgs}}},
  author = {{Quantum Diaries}},
  year = {2011},
  month = jun,
  url = {http://www.quantumdiaries.org/2011/06/19/helicity-chirality-mass-and-the-higgs/},
  urldate = {2023-02-10},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/WSJZWNT3/helicity-chirality-mass-and-the-higgs.html}
}

@misc{QuarkmatterFireballsHashed2021,
  title = {Quark-Matter Fireballs Hashed out in {{Protvino}}},
  year = {2021},
  month = feb,
  journal = {CERN Courier},
  url = {https://cerncourier.com/a/quark-matter-fireballs-hashed-out-in-protvino/},
  urldate = {2023-02-22},
  abstract = {The XXXII international workshop of the Logunov Institute focused on ``hot problems in hot and cold quark matter''.},
  chapter = {Strong interactions},
  langid = {british},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/3ABAWK9U/quark-matter-fireballs-hashed-out-in-protvino.html}
}

@article{rafelskiDiscoveryQuarkGluonPlasma2020,
  title = {Discovery of {{Quark-Gluon Plasma}}: {{Strangeness Diaries}}},
  shorttitle = {Discovery of {{Quark-Gluon Plasma}}},
  author = {Rafelski, Johann},
  year = {2020},
  month = jan,
  journal = {Eur. Phys. J. Spec. Top.},
  volume = {229},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--140},
  issn = {1951-6401},
  doi = {10.1140/epjst/e2019-900263-x},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1140/epjst/e2019-900263-x},
  urldate = {2023-01-29},
  abstract = {We look from a theoretical perspective at the new phase of matter, quark-gluon plasma (QGP), the new form of nuclear matter created at high temperature and pressure. Here I retrace the path to QGP discovery and its exploration in terms of strangeness production and strange particle signatures. We will see the theoretical arguments that have been advanced to create interest in this determining signature of QGP. We explore the procedure used by several experimental groups making strangeness production an important tool in the search and discovery of this primordial state of matter present in the Universe before matter in its present form was formed. We close by looking at both the ongoing research that increases the reach of this observable to LHC energy scale pp collisions, and propose an interpretation of these unexpected results.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/I5TEV4P5/Rafelski - 2020 - Discovery of Quark-Gluon Plasma Strangeness Diari.pdf}
}

@article{rafelskiMeltingHadronsBoiling2015,
  title = {Melting {{Hadrons}}, {{Boiling Quarks}}},
  author = {Rafelski, Johann},
  year = {2015},
  month = sep,
  journal = {Eur. Phys. J. A},
  volume = {51},
  number = {9},
  eprint = {1508.03260},
  primaryclass = {hep-ex, physics:hep-ph, physics:nucl-ex, physics:nucl-th, physics:physics},
  pages = {114},
  issn = {1434-6001, 1434-601X},
  doi = {10.1140/epja/i2015-15114-0},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1508.03260},
  urldate = {2023-01-27},
  abstract = {In the context of the Hagedorn temperature half-centenary I describe our understanding of the hot phases of hadronic matter both below and above the Hagedorn temperature. The first part of the review addresses many frequently posed questions about properties of hadronic matter in different phases, phase transition and the exploration of quark-gluon plasma (QGP). The historical context of the discovery of QGP is shown and the role of strangeness and strange antibaryon signature of QGP illustrated. In the second part I discuss the corresponding theoretical ideas and show how experimental results can be used to describe the properties of QGP at hadronization. The material of this review is complemented by two early and unpublished reports containing the prediction of the different forms of hadron matter, and of the formation of QGP in relativistic heavy ion collisions, including the discussion of strangeness, and in particular strange antibaryon signature of QGP.},
  archiveprefix = {arxiv},
  keywords = {High Energy Physics - Experiment,High Energy Physics - Phenomenology,Nuclear Experiment,Nuclear Theory,Physics - History and Philosophy of Physics},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/8TYPY6Y8/Rafelski - 2015 - Melting Hadrons, Boiling Quarks.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/WNQFC36T/1508.html}
}

@book{rafelskiMeltingHadronsBoiling2015a,
  title = {Melting {{Hadrons}}, {{Boiling Quarks}} - {{From Hagedorn Temperature}} to {{Ultra-Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions}} at {{CERN}}},
  author = {{Rafelski}},
  year = {2015},
  month = apr,
  publisher = {{Springer Cham}},
  url = {https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-319-17545-4},
  urldate = {2023-02-24},
  abstract = {Reviews one of the scientifically important early periods at CERN     Edited and co-authored by a former collaborator of Rolf Hagedorn     Contains unpublished material by Rolf Hagedorn},
  isbn = {978-3-319-17544-7},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/IFD49XGQ/Rafelski - 2015 - Melting Hadrons, Boiling Quarks - From Hagedorn Te.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/KEX54SKU/978-3-319-17545-4.html}
}

@article{rafelskiStrangenessEnhancement2008,
  title = {Strangeness Enhancement},
  author = {Rafelski, J.},
  year = {2008},
  month = mar,
  journal = {Eur. Phys. J. Spec. Top.},
  volume = {155},
  number = {1},
  pages = {139--166},
  issn = {1951-6401},
  doi = {10.1140/epjst/e2008-00598-9},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1140/epjst/e2008-00598-9},
  urldate = {2023-03-01},
  abstract = {Highly effective conversion of kinetic energy into abundant particle multiplicity is the remarkable feature discovered in high energy heavy ion collisions. This short and pedagogic review addresses topical issues related to the understanding of this phenomenon, originating in the creation of the deconfined quark\textendash gluon plasma phase. I consider in depth the apparently simple, yet sometimes misunderstood, intricate issues: a) statistical hadro-chemistry, chemical parameters, b) strange flavor chemical equilibration in quark\textendash gluon plasma, and c) particle yields and sudden hadronization, in the historic perspective of work and competition with my friend J\'ozsef Zim\'anyi.},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {European Physical Journal Special Topic,Particle Yield,Quark Matter,Strange Quark,Strangeness Production},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/DJIUZWR3/Rafelski - 2008 - Strangeness enhancement.pdf}
}

@article{rafelskiStrangenessProductionQuarkGluon1982,
  title = {Strangeness {{Production}} in the {{Quark-Gluon Plasma}}},
  author = {Rafelski, Johann and M{\"u}ller, Berndt},
  year = {1982},
  month = apr,
  journal = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
  volume = {48},
  number = {16},
  pages = {1066--1069},
  publisher = {{American Physical Society}},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.48.1066},
  url = {https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.48.1066},
  urldate = {2023-03-01},
  abstract = {Rates are calculated for the processes gg\textrightarrow s\textasciimacron s and u\textasciimacron u,d\textasciimacron d\textrightarrow s\textasciimacron s in highly excited quarkgluon plasma. For temperature T{$>\sptilde$}160 MeV the strangeness abundance saturates during the lifetime ({$\sim$}10-23 sec) of the plasma created in high-energy nuclear collisions. The chemical equilibration time for gluons and light quarks is found to be less than 10-24 sec.},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/MEVJ6CI8/PhysRevLett.48.html}
}

@incollection{rafelskiStrangenessQuarkGluon1982,
  title = {Strangeness in {{Quark}}\textendash{{Gluon Plasma}} \textendash{} 1982},
  booktitle = {Melting {{Hadrons}}, {{Boiling Quarks}} - {{From Hagedorn Temperature}} to {{Ultra-Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions}} at {{CERN}}: {{With}} a {{Tribute}} to {{Rolf Hagedorn}}},
  author = {Rafelski, Johann},
  editor = {Rafelski, Johann},
  year = {1982},
  pages = {389--400},
  publisher = {{Springer International Publishing}},
  address = {{Cham}},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-17545-4\_31},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17545-4_31},
  urldate = {2022-07-08},
  abstract = {It is argued that observation of the strange-particle abundance may lead to identification of the quark\textendash gluon plasma and measurement of some of its properties. Approach to chemical equilibrium and competitive processes in the hadronic gas phase are discussed.},
  isbn = {978-3-319-17545-4},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Hadron Gas,Light Quark-antiquark Pairs,Plasma Disintegration,Quark-gluon Plasma,Strangeness Abundance},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/RLEHRL27/Rafelski - 2016 - Strangeness in Quark–Gluon Plasma – 1982.pdf}
}

@article{reggeIntroductionComplexOrbital1959,
  title = {Introduction to Complex Orbital Momenta},
  author = {Regge, T.},
  year = {1959},
  month = dec,
  journal = {Nuovo Cim},
  volume = {14},
  number = {5},
  pages = {951--976},
  issn = {1827-6121},
  doi = {10.1007/BF02728177},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02728177},
  urldate = {2023-07-03},
  abstract = {In this paper the orbital momentumj, until now considered as an integer discrete parameter in the radial Schr\"odinger wave equations, is allowed to take complex values. The purpose of such an enlargement is not purely academic but opens new possibilities in discussing the connection between potentials and scattering amplitudes. In particular it is shown that under reasonable assumptions, fulfilled by most field theoretical potentials, the scattering amplitude at some fixed energy determines the potential uniquely, when it exists. Moreover for special classes of potentialsV(x), which are analytically continuable into a functionV(z),z=x+iy, regular and suitable bounded inx {$>$} 0, the scattering amplitude has the remarcable property of being continuable for arbitrary negative and large cosine of the scattering angle and therefore for arbitrary large real and positive transmitted momentum. The range of validity of the dispersion relations is therefore much enlarged.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/7H27754J/Regge - 1959 - Introduction to complex orbital momenta.pdf}
}

@article{reinesNeutrino1956,
  title = {The {{Neutrino}}},
  author = {Reines, Frederick and COWANjun., Clyde L.},
  year = {1956},
  month = sep,
  journal = {Nature},
  volume = {178},
  number = {4531},
  pages = {446--449},
  publisher = {{Nature Publishing Group}},
  issn = {1476-4687},
  doi = {10.1038/178446a0},
  url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/178446a0},
  urldate = {2023-02-08},
  abstract = {In the 1920s, physicists were confused: the phenomenon of {$\beta$} decay (in which an electron is emitted from the atomic nucleus) seemed to violate conservation laws. The energy spectrum of the electrons, or {$\beta$}-rays, is continuous: if energy is conserved, another, variable, amount of energy must somehow leave the system. In 1927, Ellis and Wooster [Nature 119, 563\textendash 564 (1927)] tried \textemdash{} and failed \textemdash{} to capture and measure that missing energy. By 1933, Pauli had devised an explanation in terms of another, undetected, particle being emitted by the nucleus; Fermi called it 'the neutrino'. Only in 1956 was the existence of the neutrino proved: Reines and Cowan [Nature 178, 446\textendash 449 (1956)] sent Pauli a telegram to inform him of their discovery.},
  copyright = {1956 Nature Publishing Group},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Humanities and Social Sciences,multidisciplinary,Science},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/URTRYFS7/Reines and COWANjun. - 1956 - The Neutrino.pdf}
}

@incollection{reinosaIntroductionManyPaths2022,
  title = {Introduction: {{The Many Paths}} to {{QCD}}},
  shorttitle = {Introduction},
  booktitle = {Perturbative {{Aspects}} of the {{Deconfinement Transition}}: {{Beyond}} the {{Faddeev-Popov Paradigm}}},
  author = {Reinosa, Urko},
  editor = {Reinosa, Urko},
  year = {2022},
  series = {Lecture {{Notes}} in {{Physics}}},
  pages = {1--9},
  publisher = {{Springer International Publishing}},
  address = {{Cham}},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-031-11375-8\_1},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-11375-8_1},
  urldate = {2023-01-26},
  abstract = {This introductory chapter collects some basic knowledge about the strong interaction while reviewing some of the theoretical approaches that have been devised to understand its properties from the fundamental theory of quantum chromodynamics. In particular, the approach that will be followed in this book is presented. It is based on the Curci-Ferrari model, an extension of the Faddeev-Popov model for gauge fixing in the Landau gauge which we review in the next chapter.},
  isbn = {978-3-031-11375-8},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/D7SKLNVJ/Reinosa - 2022 - Introduction The Many Paths to QCD.pdf}
}

@misc{renebrunandfonsrademakersROOTObjectOriented2023,
  title = {{{ROOT}} - {{An Object Oriented Data Analysis Framework}},},
  shorttitle = {{{ROOT}}},
  author = {{Rene Brun and Fons Rademakers}},
  year = {2023},
  month = jun,
  journal = {ROOT},
  url = {https://root.cern/},
  urldate = {2023-04-23},
  abstract = {An open-source data analysis framework used by high energy physics and others.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/V3U69FMD/root.cern.ch.html}
}

@article{rochesterdr.EvidenceExistenceNew1947,
  title = {Evidence for the {{Existence}} of {{New Unstable Elementary Particles}}},
  author = {ROCHESTERDr., G. D. and BUTLERDr., C. C.},
  year = {1947},
  month = dec,
  journal = {Nature},
  volume = {160},
  number = {4077},
  pages = {855--857},
  publisher = {{Nature Publishing Group}},
  issn = {1476-4687},
  doi = {10.1038/160855a0},
  url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/160855a0},
  urldate = {2023-02-08},
  abstract = {AMONG some fifty counter-controlled cloud-chamber photographs of penetrating showers which we have obtained during the past year as part of an investigation of the nature of penetrating particles occurring in cosmic ray showers under lead, there are two photographs containing forked tracks of a very striking character. These photographs have been selected from five thousand photographs taken in an effective time of operation of 1,500 hours. On the basis of the analysis given below we believe that one of the fonked tracks, shown in Fig. 1 (tracks a and b), represents the spontaneous transformation in the gas of the chamber of a new type of uncharged elementary particle into lighter charged particles, and that the other, shown in Fig. 2 (tracks a and b), represents similarly the transformation of a new type of charged particle into two light particles, one of which is charged and the other uncharged.},
  copyright = {1947 Nature Publishing Group},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Humanities and Social Sciences,multidisciplinary,Science},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/MYITE5V4/ROCHESTERDr. and BUTLERDr. - 1947 - Evidence for the Existence of New Unstable Element.pdf}
}

@article{rolandLongrangeCorrelationsHigh2015,
  title = {Long-Range Correlations in High Multiplicity Pp and {{pA}} Collisions},
  author = {ROLAND, G.},
  year = {2015},
  month = may,
  journal = {Pramana - J Phys},
  volume = {84},
  number = {5},
  pages = {731--746},
  issn = {0973-7111},
  doi = {10.1007/s12043-015-0985-9},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s12043-015-0985-9},
  urldate = {2023-07-02},
  abstract = {This review summarizes recent discoveries in high-energy proton + proton and proton + nucleus collisions, with particular attention on the observation of long-range azimuthal correlations in high multiplicity collisions. These correlations, which resemble those seen in ultra-relativistic nucleus\textendash nucleus collisions, provide a unique window into the physics of the very early collision stage in high energy nuclear interactions. Here we present a compilation of the most important experimental results and briefly discuss successes and challenges for a selection of theoretical approaches.},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {12.38.Mh,correlations,Quantum chromodynamics,quark-gluon plasma},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/GDGZN6MR/ROLAND - 2015 - Long-range correlations in high multiplicity pp an.pdf}
}

@phdthesis{royEtrangetePlasmaQuarks2005,
  type = {{thesis}},
  title = {{L'Etranget\'e du Plasma de Quarks et de Gluons}},
  author = {Roy, Christelle},
  year = {2005},
  month = oct,
  url = {https://theses.hal.science/tel-00011076},
  urldate = {2023-05-05},
  abstract = {A l'instar des trois autres exp\'eriences aupr\`es du collisionneur RHIC (Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider) du Brookhaven National Laboratory pr\`es de New York, STAR (Solenoidal Tracker At RHIC) est enti\`erement consacr\'ee \`a la mise en \'evidence de cet \'etat particulier de la mati\`ere nucl\'eaire pr\'edit par les calculs de QCD (Quantum ChromoDynamics) sur r\'eseau : le plasma de quarks et de gluons (QGP pour Quark Gluon Plasma). Cet \'etat, suppos\'e \^etre celui de l'Univers quelques fractions de secondes apr\`es le Big Bang, consisterait d'apr\`es sa d\'efinition originelle de 1975, en une mati\`ere dans laquelle quarks et gluons seraient d\'econfin\'es, sans interaction. Il pourrait \^etre cr\'e\'e en laboratoire lors de collisions d'ions lourds r\'ealis\'ees \`a des \'energies ultra-relativistes afin d'atteindre des temp\'eratures et densit\'es d'\'energie extr\^emes.{$<$}br /{$>$}Apr\`es quasiment 20 ans de recherche aupr\`es des diff\'erents acc\'el\'erateurs de particules am\'ericains et europ\'eens, le CERN annonce le 10 f\'evrier 2000 au cours d'une conf\'erence de presse, la mise en \'evidence exp\'erimentale d'un \'etat particulier de la mati\`ere nucl\'eaire, compatible avec la formation d'un QGP, sans pouvoir toutefois le caract\'eriser pleinement. Les exp\'eriences du RHIC ont alors pris le relais. Aujourd'hui, au travers une pl\'ethore de r\'esultats nouveaux et parfois bien surprenants, il appara\^it de fa\c{c}on de plus en plus certaine, qu'effectivement un \'etat atypique de mati\`ere nucl\'eaire a \'et\'e cr\'e\'e \`a RHIC et notre vision du QGP comme un gaz parfait de partons n'interagissant que tr\`es faiblement, a depuis chang\'e. Un nouvel acronyme a \'et\'e d\'efini : sQGP pour Strongly Interacting QGP. {$<$}br /{$>$}Pour parvenir \`a cette observation, il a fallu passer par la caract\'erisation m\^eme de l'\'evolution des collisions d'ions lourds, du point de vue chimique et dynamique, en comparant les ph\'enom\`enes des collisions d'ions lourds pour lesquelles les conditions devraient \^etre r\'eunies pour former un QGP \`a des collisions d'\'energies moindres ou de syst\`emes plus l\'egers qui ne peuvent permettre cette formation. Le QGP est en effet produit de mani\`ere beaucoup trop furtive pour pouvoir le sonder directement. Mon m\'emoire d'Habilitation \`a Diriger des Recherches pr\'esente les r\'esultats des analyses que j'ai men\'ees et qui ont contribu\'e \`a la mise en \'evidence de la formation d'un \'etat nouveau au RHIC et \`a cette nouvelle vision du plasma. Les stigmates du QGP ont \'et\'e recherch\'es avec les particules contenant des quarks \'etranges : les r\'esonances de particules simplement \'etranges et les baryons doublement \'etranges. {$<$}br /{$>$}La production des r\'esonances \'etranges Lambda(1520) apporte en effet des informations sur la phase d'hadronisation du plasma (lorsque les partons se recomposent en hadrons) : selon leur observation ou non, il pourrait \^etre possible de caract\'eriser le freeze-out chimique (instant o\`u les interactions in\'elastiques cessent et la composition chimique du syst\`eme est fig\'ee), le freeze-out cin\'etique (instant o\`u les interactions \'elastiques cessent et les particules n'interagissent plus), si ces deux freeze-out co\"incident ou si, au contraire ils sont s\'epar\'es dans le temps et de combien. L'id\'ee est la suivante : les Lambdas(1520) se d\'esint\`egrent quasiment instantan\'ement en un proton et un kaon. Par cons\'equent, si le temps entre les freeze-out chimique et cin\'etique est long, les produits de d\'esint\'egration de ces particules peuvent \^etre absorb\'es dans le milieu dense qui a \'et\'e cr\'e\'e. En revanche, si les deux freeze-out co\"incident ou sont tr\`es proches, les produits de d\'esint\'egration ne sont pas affect\'es et la particule m\`ere, c'est-\`a-dire la r\'esonance, peut \^etre identifi\'ee. Ainsi, en mesurant les taux de production de ces particules dans les collisions proton\textendash proton pour lesquelles les deux freeze-out co\"incident, et en comparant les taux obtenus dans les collisions Au\textendash Au, \`a l'\'energie nominale du RHIC, il est apparu qu'effectivement, au moins 4 fm/c s\'eparent les deux freeze-out dans les collisions Au\textendash Au. Cette conclusion constitue une \'etape importante dans la compr\'ehension des collisions d'ions lourds ultra-relativistes et du comportement de la mati\`ere dans des conditions extr\^emes. Cette analyse est apparue comme originale au sein de la collaboration STAR, \'etant la premi\`ere \'etude sur les r\'esonances \'etranges. Des algorithmes sp\'ecifiques ont d\^u \^etre mis au point et sont largement utilis\'es au sein de la collaboration qui depuis \'etudie de nombreuses autres r\'esonances ou recherche des objets plus exotiques. {$<$}br /{$>$}La production des baryons \'etranges a \'et\'e largement investigu\'ee les ann\'ees pass\'ees car une augmentation \guillemotleft{} anormale \guillemotright{} des taux de production est attendue si un QGP est form\'e. Les exp\'eriences du CERN ont observ\'e effectivement une surproduction de l'\'etranget\'e dans les collisions Pb\textendash Pb mais n'ont pu conclure de mani\`ere d\'ecisive quant \`a une formation \'eventuelle d'un plasma car ces r\'esultats pouvaient \^etre \'egalement reproduits par des mod\`eles de gaz de hadrons. Nous avons men\'e une analyse similaire avec les donn\'ees de STAR en comparant les taux de production des Xi, baryons doublement \'etranges, dans les collisions proton\textendash proton et Au\textendash Au \`a sqrt(s\_NN) = 200 GeV. L\`a aussi, les r\'esultats sont demeur\'es ambigus. Ainsi, ces r\'esultats ont conduit un certain nombre de physiciens \`a ne plus consid\'erer les taux de production de particules \'etranges comme une signature robuste de la formation d'un QGP. En revanche, l'\'etranget\'e est revenue sur le devant de la sc\`ene, de fa\c{c}on plus indirecte donnant des informations tr\`es diverses et sur les diff\'erentes \'etapes de la collision. {$<$}br /{$>$}Les Xi ont r\'ev\'el\'e tout d'abord que le syst\`eme cr\'e\'e \`a l'\'energie nominale du RHIC serait en \'equilibre thermique et chimique et que les temp\'eratures de freeze-out chimique sont proches de la temp\'erature de d\'econfinement pr\'edite par QCD. Nous avons \'egalement \'etudi\'e les ph\'enom\`enes dynamiques collectifs, appel\'es flot, qui naissent des interactions entre constituants et se traduisent par une \'emission de mati\`ere dans des directions privil\'egi\'ees de l'espace de phase. En accord avec leurs faibles sections efficaces d'interaction, les Xi semblent \'emis bien plus t\^ot que les particules plus l\'eg\`eres. Toutefois, le fait que ces baryons subissent un flot important, laisse supposer qu'elles auraient d\'evelopp\'e un flot, donc qu'elles auraient \'et\'e soumises \`a des interactions, avant la phase d'hadronisation, autrement dit, dans une phase partonique. Les partons subiraient donc des interactions r\'esiduelles, contrairement \`a ce que pr\'econisaient les th\'eoriciens du milieu des ann\'ees soixante-dix.{$<$}br /{$>$}Par ailleurs, en 2003, les quatre exp\'eriences du RHIC ont r\'ev\'el\'e conjointement la mise en \'evidence du ph\'enom\`ene de jet-quenching dans les collisions d'ions lourds : il traduit une diminution de la production de particules charg\'ees de tr\`es haute impulsion transverse s'expliquant par la perte d'\'energie des partons dans un milieu tr\`es dense. Nous avons r\'ealis\'e cette analyse en consid\'erant les X et montr\'e que non seulement ces baryons subissent un jet-quenching mais aussi qu'ils ont un comportement diff\'erent de celui des m\'esons. Une d\'ependance des ph\'enom\`enes dynamiques au type de particules a ainsi \'et\'e mise en \'evidence en accord avec les mod\`eles de coalescence pr\'econisant que les hadrons se forment \`a partir de la recombinaison des quarks. L\`a aussi, \'emergence des partons comme degr\'es de libert\'e pertinents. {$<$}br /{$>$}A partir de ces r\'esultats entre autres, certains th\'eoriciens affirment la d\'ecouverte du QGP \`a RHIC mais les exp\'erimentateurs sont plus prudents et d\'esirent auparavant confirmer et enrichir leurs r\'esultats par l'\'etude d'autres observables qui viendraient corroborer ces observations. Ces ann\'ees ont \'et\'e particuli\`erement stimulantes par l'\'evolution de nos connaissances gr\^ace aux formidables r\'esultats produits par les quatre exp\'eriences du RHIC. Les \guillemotleft{} vielles \guillemotright{} signatures ont fait peau neuve se transformant en sondes nouvelles et riches en informations originales. La conception du QGP a \'evolu\'e : il ne s'agit plus d'un gaz parfait constitu\'e de partons \'evoluant librement mais d'un sQGP.},
  langid = {french},
  school = {Universit\'e de Nantes},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/RRMTGL9G/Roy - 2005 - L'Etrangeté du Plasma de Quarks et de Gluons.pdf}
}

@book{s.glashowInteractionsJourneyMind1990,
  title = {Interactions: {{A Journey Through}} the {{Mind}} of a {{Particle Physicist}} and the {{Matter}} of {{This World}}},
  shorttitle = {Interactions},
  author = {{S. Glashow} and {B. Bova}},
  year = {1990},
  month = aug,
  publisher = {{Warner Books}},
  url = {https://vdoc.pub/download/interactions-a-journey-through-the-mind-of-a-particle-physicist-and-the-matter-of-this-world-5u76to11gvh0},
  urldate = {2023-02-07},
  abstract = {The average reader is introduced to the incredible world of subatomic physics: a world of gamma rays, neutrinos, positrons and Z-bosons.},
  isbn = {978-0-446-51315-9},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/8I88QP4M/S. Glashow and B. Bova - 1990 - Interactions A Journey Through the Mind of a Part.pdf}
}

@book{sachsPhysicsTimeReversal1987,
  title = {The {{Physics}} of {{Time Reversal}}},
  author = {Sachs, Robert G.},
  year = {1987},
  month = oct,
  publisher = {{University of Chicago Press}},
  address = {{Chicago, IL}},
  url = {https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/P/bo5963834.html},
  urldate = {2023-02-09},
  abstract = {The notion that fundamental equations governing the motions of physical systems are invariant under the time reversal transformation (T) has been an important, but often subliminal, element in the development of theoretical physics. It serves as a powerful and useful tool in analyzing the structure of matter at all scales, from gases and condensed matter to subnuclear physics and the quantum theory of fields. The assumption of invariance under T was called into question, however, by the 1964 discovery that a closely related assumption, that of CP invariance (where C is charge conjugation and P is space inversion), is violated in the decay of neutral K mesons. In The Physics of Time Reversal, Robert G. Sachs comprehensively treats the role of the transformation T, both as a tool for analyzing the structure of matter and as a field of fundamental research relating to CP violation. For this purpose he reformulates the definitions of T, P, and C so as to avoid subliminal assumptions of invariance. He summarizes the standard phenomenology of CP violation in the K-meson system and addresses the question of the mysterious origin of CP violation. Using simple examples based on the standard quark model, Sachs summarizes and illustrates how these phenomenological methods can be extended to analysis of future experiments on heavy mesons. He notes that his reformulated approach to conventional quantum field theory leads to new questions about the meaning of the transformations in the context of recent theoretical developments such as non-Abelian gauge theories, and he suggests ways in which these questions may lead to new directions of research.},
  isbn = {978-0-226-73331-9},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/33M6M5K5/An Introduction to Quantum Field Theory - Peskin and Schroeder.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/5H4WKJGW/epdf.tips_the-physics-of-time-reversal.djvu;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/72JYLMNX/epdf.tips_the-physics-of-time-reversal.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/EQCYBLKX/epdf.tips_the-physics-of-time-reversal.djvu;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/WE9K6P8D/epdf.tips_the-physics-of-time-reversal.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/X4YIJ5ZX/bo5963834.html}
}

@article{sakataCompositeModelNew1956,
  title = {On a {{Composite Model}} for the {{New Particles}}},
  author = {Sakata, Shoichi},
  year = {1956},
  month = dec,
  journal = {Progress of Theoretical Physics},
  volume = {16},
  number = {6},
  pages = {686--688},
  issn = {0033-068X},
  doi = {10.1143/PTP.16.686},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1143/PTP.16.686},
  urldate = {2023-02-04},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/NY7CDZWK/Sakata - 1956 - On a Composite Model for the New Particles.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/L6LC9JV3/1907974.html}
}

@article{sakuraiTheoryStrongInteractions1960,
  title = {Theory of Strong Interactions},
  author = {Sakurai, J. J},
  year = {1960},
  month = sep,
  journal = {Annals of Physics},
  volume = {11},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--48},
  issn = {0003-4916},
  doi = {10.1016/0003-4916(60)90126-3},
  url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0003491660901263},
  urldate = {2023-02-14},
  abstract = {All the symmetry models of strong interactions which have been proposed up to the present are devoid of deep physical foundations. It is suggested that, instead of postulating artificial ``higher'' symmetries which must be broken anyway within the realm of strong interactions, we take the existing exact symmetries of strong interactions more seriously than before and exploit them to the utmost limit. A new theory of strong interactions is proposed on this basis. Following Yang and Mills we require that the gauge transformations that are associated with the three ``internal'' conservation laws\textemdash baryon conservation, hypercharge conservation, and isospin conservation\textemdash be ``consistent with the local field concept that underlies the usual physical theories.'' In analogy with electromagnetism there emerge three kinds of couplings such that in each case a massive vector field is coupled linearly to the conserved current in question. Each of the three fundamental couplings is characterized by a single universal constant. Since, as Pais has shown, there are no other internal symmetries that are exact, and since any successful theory must be simple, there are no other fundamental strong couplings. Parity conservation in strong interactions follows as the direct consequence of parity conservation of the three fundamental vector couplings. The three vector couplings give rise to corresponding current-current interactions. Yukawa-type couplings of pions and K particles to baryons are ``phenomenological,'' and may arise, for instance, out of four-baryon current-current interactions along the lines suggested by Fermi and Yang. All the successful features of Chew-Low type meson theories and of relativistic dispersion relations can, in principle, be in accordance with the theory whereas none of the predictions based on relativistic Yukawa-type Lagrangians are meaningful unless {$\omega$}M is considerably less than unity. Simple and direct experimental tests of the theory should be looked for in those phenomena in which phenomenological Yukawa-type couplings are likely to play unimportant roles. The fundamental isospin current coupling in the static limit gives rise to a short-range repulsion (attraction) between two particles whenever the isospins are parallel (antiparallel). Thus the low-energy s-wave {$\pi$}N interaction should be repulsive in the T = 32 state and attractive in the T = 12 state in agreement with observation. In {$\pi\Sigma$} s-wave scattering the T = 0 state is strongly attractive, and there definitely exists the possibility of an s-wave resonance at energies of the order of the K-p threshold, while the T = 1 {$\pi\Sigma$} phase shift is likely to remain small; using the K matrix formalism of Dalitz and Tuan, we might be able to compare the ``ideal'' phase shifts derived in this manner with the ``actual'' phase shifts deduced from K-p reactions. It is expected that the two-pion system exhibits a resonant behavior in the T = 1 (p-wave) state in agreement with the conjecture of Frazer and Fulco based on the electromagnetic structure of the nucleon. The three pion system is expected to exhibit two T = 0, J = 1 resonances. It is conjectured that the two T = 12 and one T = 32 ``higher rsonances'' in the {$\pi$}N interactions may be due to the two T = 0 3{$\pi$} resonances and the one T = 1 2{$\pi$} resonance predicted by the theory. Multiple pion production is expected at all energies to be more frequent than that predicted on the basis of statistical considerations. The fundamental hypercharge current coupling gives rise to a short-range repulsion (attraction) between two charge-doublet particles when their hypercharges are like (opposite). If the isospin current coupling is effectively weaker than the hypercharge current coupling, the KN ``potential'' should be repulsive and the KN ``potential'' should be attractive, and the charge exchange scattering of K+ and K- should be relatively rare, at least in s states. All these features seem to be in agreement with current experiments. Conditions for the validity of Pais' doublet approximation are discussed. The theory offers a possible explanation for the long-standing problem as to why associated production cross sections are small and K- cross sections are large. The empirical fact that the ratio of (KK2N) to (K{$\Lambda$}N) + (K{$\Sigma$}N) in NN collisions seems to be about twenty to thirty times larger than simple statistical considerations indicate is not surprising. The fundamental baryonic current coupling gives rise to a short-range repulsion for baryon-baryon interactions and an attraction for baryon-antibaryon interactions. There should be effects similar to those expected from ``repulsive cores'' for all angular momentum and parity states in both the T = 1 and T = 0, NN interactions at short distances though the T = 1 state may be more repulsive. A simple Thomas-type calculation gives rise to a spin-orbit force of the right sign with not unreasonable order of magnitude. The {$\Lambda$}N and {$\Sigma$}N interactions at short distances should be somewhat less repulsive than the NN interactions. Annihilation cross sections in NN collisions are expected to be large even in Bev regions in contrast to the predictions of Ball and Chew. The observed large pion multiplicity in NN annihilations is not mysterious. It is possible to invent a reasonable mechanism which makes the reaction p + p \textrightarrow{} {$\pi$}+ + {$\pi-$} very rare, as recently observed. Fermi-Landau-Heisenberg type theories of high energy collisions are not expected to hold in relativistic NN collisions; instead the theory offers a theoretical justification for the ``two-fire-ball model`` of high-energy jets previously proposed on purely phenomenological grounds. Because of the strong short-range attraction between a baryon and antibaryon there exists a mechanism for a baryon-antibaryon pair to form a meson. The dynamical basis of the Fermi-Yang-Sakata-Okun model as well as that of the Goldhaber-Christy model follows naturally from the theory; all the ad hoc assumptions that must be made in order that the compound models work at all can be explained from first principles. It is suggested that one should not ask which elementary particles are ``more elementary than others,'' and which compound model is right, but rather characterize each particle only by its internal properties such as total hypercharge and mean-square baryonic radius. Although the fundamental couplings of the theory are highly symmetric and universal, it is possible for the three couplings alone to account for the observed mass spectrum. The theory can explain, in a trivial manner, why there are no ``elementary'' particles with baryon number greater than unity provided that the baryonic current coupling is sufficiently strong. The question of whether or not an |S| = 2 meson exists is a dynamical one (not a group-theoretic one) that depends on the strength of the hypercharge current coupling. A possible reason for the nonexistence of a {$\pi$}0{${'}$} (charge-singlet, nonstrange boson) is given. The theory realizes Pais' principles of economy of constants and of a hierarchy of interactions in a natural and elegant manner. It is conjectured that there exists a deep connection between the law of conservation of fermions and the universal V-A weak coupling. In the absence of strong and electromagnetic interactions, baryonic charge, hypercharge, and electric charge all disappear, and only the sign of {$\gamma$}5 can distinguish a fermion from an antifermion, the fermionic charge being diagonalized by {$\gamma$}5; hence 1 + {$\gamma$}5 appears naturally in weak interactions. Parity conservation in strong interactions, parity conservation in electromagnetic interactions, parity nonconservation in weak interactions can all be understood from the single common principle of generalized gauge invariance. It appears that in the future ultimate theory of elementary particles all elementary particle interactions will be manifestations of the five fundamental vector-type couplings corresponding to the five conservation laws of ``internal attributes''\textemdash baryonic charge, hypercharge, isospin, electric charge, and fermionic charge. Gravity and cosmology are briefly discussed; it is estimated that the Compton wavelength of the graviton is of the order of 108 light years. It is suggested that every conceivable experimental attempt be made to detect directly quantum manifestations of the vector fields introduced in the theory, especially by studying Q values of pions in various combinations in NN annihilations and in multiple pion production.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/J246E99E/Sakurai - 1960 - Theory of strong interactions.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/FL23RGTS/0003491660901263.html}
}

@misc{salamElementsQCDHadron2011,
  title = {Elements of {{QCD}} for Hadron Colliders},
  author = {Salam, Gavin P.},
  year = {2011},
  month = jan,
  number = {arXiv:1011.5131},
  eprint = {1011.5131},
  primaryclass = {hep-ex, physics:hep-ph},
  publisher = {{arXiv}},
  doi = {10.48550/arXiv.1011.5131},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1011.5131},
  urldate = {2023-02-10},
  abstract = {The aim of these lectures is to provide (experimental particle physics Ph.D.) students with an introduction to some of the core concepts and methods of QCD that are relevant in an LHC context.},
  archiveprefix = {arxiv},
  keywords = {High Energy Physics - Experiment,High Energy Physics - Phenomenology},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/PRHTEIQ7/Salam - 2011 - Elements of QCD for hadron colliders.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/3ZTGUDXT/1011.html}
}

@article{satzSPSHeavyIon2004,
  title = {The {{SPS}} Heavy Ion Programme},
  author = {Satz, Helmut},
  year = {2004},
  month = dec,
  journal = {Physics Reports},
  volume = {403--404},
  pages = {33--50},
  issn = {0370-1573},
  doi = {10.1016/j.physrep.2004.08.009},
  url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0370157304003217},
  urldate = {2023-02-25},
  abstract = {After reviewing the states of matter and the critical behaviour provided by statistical QCD, I review the proposed experimental probes of different features and then summarize the corresponding results obtained in SPS experiments. In the final section, I try to assess what conclusions can be drawn from the presently available data.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/Q6P4RLB2/Satz - 2004 - The SPS heavy ion programme.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/SH4QCA5H/S0370157304003217.html}
}

@misc{schmidhuberEvolutionNationalNobel2010,
  title = {Evolution of {{National Nobel Prize Shares}} in the 20th {{Century}}},
  author = {Schmidhuber, Juergen},
  year = {2010},
  month = sep,
  number = {arXiv:1009.2634},
  eprint = {1009.2634},
  primaryclass = {physics},
  publisher = {{arXiv}},
  doi = {10.48550/arXiv.1009.2634},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1009.2634},
  urldate = {2023-02-11},
  abstract = {We analyze the evolution of cumulative national shares of Nobel Prizes since 1901, properly taking into account that most prizes were divided among several laureates. We rank by citizenship at the moment of the award, and by country of birth. Surprisingly, graphs of this type have not been published before, even though they powerfully illustrate the century's migration patterns (brain drains and gains) in the sciences and other fields.},
  archiveprefix = {arxiv},
  keywords = {Computer Science - Computers and Society,Physics - History and Philosophy of Physics},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/YH6SYYZQ/Schmidhuber - 2010 - Evolution of National Nobel Prize Shares in the 20.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/DVIMLIUH/1009.html}
}

@misc{schotterMultidifferentialInvestigationStrangeness2023,
  title = {A Multi-Differential Investigation of Strangeness Production in Pp Collisions with {{ALICE}}},
  author = {Schotter, Romain},
  year = {2023},
  month = feb,
  number = {arXiv:2302.00454},
  eprint = {2302.00454},
  primaryclass = {hep-ex, physics:nucl-ex},
  publisher = {{arXiv}},
  doi = {10.48550/arXiv.2302.00454},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/2302.00454},
  urldate = {2023-02-09},
  abstract = {In these proceedings, two multi-differential analyses performed in pp collisions collected by the ALICE collaboration during the LHC Run 2 are presented. One investigates the dependence of strange particle production with multiplicity and effective energy, whereas the other clarifies how strangeness enhancement is correlated to the leading jet in the event. The results suggest that strangeness production at the LHC depends strongly on effective energy, and originates dominantly from the transverse region with respect to the leading jet direction.},
  archiveprefix = {arxiv},
  keywords = {High Energy Physics - Experiment,Nuclear Experiment},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/W8CIB7KT/Schotter - 2023 - A multi-differential investigation of strangeness .pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/D22GKS57/2302.html}
}

@misc{schotterQCDLHC20222022,
  title = {{{QCD}}@{{LHC2022}}},
  author = {Schotter, Romain},
  year = {2022},
  month = dec,
  journal = {Indico},
  url = {https://indico.cern.ch/event/1150707/contributions/5112603/},
  urldate = {2023-03-02},
  abstract = {By colliding heavy nuclei at ultrarelativistic energies in the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) -- a hot and dense medium in which partons are deconfined -- is created. The properties of this new state of nuclear matter can be characterized, in particular, by studying low momentum (or "soft") particles (which constitue the majority of the created particles) and the physical processes involved in their production. This presentation will highlight a set of measurements of the soft probes at the LHC.},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/DF9QSTTJ/5112603.html}
}

@misc{SeminarStrongFinal,
  title = {Seminar: {{Strong}} Final State Interactions Seen by Femtoscopy},
  shorttitle = {Seminar},
  journal = {IN2P3 Events Directory (Indico)},
  url = {https://indico.in2p3.fr/event/28082/},
  urldate = {2022-10-06},
  abstract = {The study of nucleon-nucleon (N-N), nucleon-hyperon (N-Y), and hyperon-hyperon (Y-Y) interactions are fundamental to the understanding of the physics of relativistic heavy-ion collisions, neutron stars and the existence of various exotic hadrons. The geometry and the dynamics of the particle-emitting source in heavy-ion collisions can be inferred via the femtoscopy method. Two-particle correlations at small relative momentum exploit Quantum Statistics (QS) and the Final State Interactions...},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/CY3WMXUT/28082.html}
}

@book{serwayModernPhysics2004,
  title = {Modern {{Physics}}},
  author = {Serway, R.A. and Moses, C.J. and Moyer, C.A.},
  year = {2004},
  publisher = {{Cengage Learning}},
  url = {https://book.jobscaptain.com/view/?pdfid=1aqLhx3OdBlgObJBe1eObiPUNmM-WUdkA},
  isbn = {978-0-534-49339-4},
  lccn = {2004101232},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/7G8IHJNI/Serway et al. - 2004 - Modern Physics.pdf}
}

@article{shahoyanSummaryALICEDipole2008,
  title = {Summary of the {{ALICE}} Dipole Magnet Field Analysis.},
  author = {Shahoyan, Ruben and Morsch, Andreas},
  year = {2008},
  journal = {InternalNote/Computing/Offline},
  number = {ALICE-INT-2008-019},
  url = {https://edms.cern.ch/ui/file/944164/1/ALICE-INT-2008-019.pdf},
  abstract = {The dipole magnetic field data collected in 2005 was analyzed in view of creating a CPU- efficient magnetic field map. We describe the distortions observed in the data and the methods used to take them into account. We also explain how Tosca calculations were used to extrapolate the field map to regions not covered by the data.}
}

@article{shahoyanSummaryL3Magnet2007,
  title = {Summary of the {{L3}} Magnet Field Analysis.},
  author = {Shahoyan, Ruben},
  year = {2007},
  journal = {ALICE-INT-2007-012},
  url = {https://edms.cern.ch/document/850556/1},
  abstract = {The details of the analysis of the L3 solenoid magnetic field measured in 2005 are presented. The problems affecting the measurement precision are identified and the method used to build the corrected CPU efficient parameterization is explained.}
}

@misc{silvadealbuquerqueMultistrangeHadronsPb2019,
  title = {{Multi-strange hadrons in Pb\textendash Pb collisions at the LHC with ALICE}},
  author = {Silva De Albuquerque, Danilo},
  year = {2019},
  month = sep,
  journal = {CERN Document Server},
  number = {CERN-THESIS-2019-135},
  publisher = {{Campinas State U.}},
  url = {https://cds.cern.ch/record/2690627},
  urldate = {2020-05-30},
  abstract = {A strongly interacting state of matter known as the Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP) is formed in the high temperature and high energy density conditions reached in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions, such as the Pb\textendash Pb collisions measured at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). One of the key measurements for the understanding of the properties of the QGP medium created in these collisions is the production of strange and multi-strange hadrons. ALICE is one of the four major experiments of the LHC and has a detector designed to study identified particle production rates from heavy-ion collisions. The excellent tracking and particle identification capabilities allow the reconstruction of multi-strange baryons (\$\textbackslash Xi\^\{-\}\$, \$\textbackslash bar\{\textbackslash Xi\}\^\{+\}\$,  \$\textbackslash Omega\^\{-\}\$ and \$\textbackslash bar\{\textbackslash Omega\}\^\{+\}\$) via their weak decay channels over a large range in transverse momentum (\$p\_\{\textbackslash rm T\}\$).  In this thesis, we study the multi-strange particle production at central rapidity Pb\textendash Pb collisions measured by ALICE at the unprecedented energy of \$\textbackslash sqrt\{s\_\{NN\}\} = 5.02\$ TeV and \$2.76\$ TeV. The yields are normalized by the corresponding measurement of pion production in the same centrality class in order to study the strangeness enhancement, effect predicted as a probe of the QGP. Comparison of hyperon-to-pion ratio between different systems, such as pp, p\textendash pb and Pb\textendash Pb collisions, shows that production of multi-strange baryons relative to pions follows a continuously increasing trend from low multiplicity pp to central Pb\textendash Pb collisions.},
  langid = {french},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/THT27DVK/Silva De Albuquerque - 2019 - Multi-strange hadrons in Pb–Pb collisions at the L.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/DW5LM9XB/2690627.html}
}

@article{singhCharmoniumSuppressionUltrarelativistic2022,
  title = {Charmonium Suppression in Ultra-Relativistic Proton\textendash Proton Collisions at {{LHC}} Energies: A Hint for {{QGP}} in Small Systems},
  shorttitle = {Charmonium Suppression in Ultra-Relativistic Proton\textendash Proton Collisions at {{LHC}} Energies},
  author = {Singh, Captain R. and Deb, Suman and Sahoo, Raghunath and Alam, Jan-e},
  year = {2022},
  month = jun,
  journal = {Eur. Phys. J. C},
  volume = {82},
  number = {6},
  pages = {542},
  issn = {1434-6052},
  doi = {10.1140/epjc/s10052-022-10500-z},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-022-10500-z},
  urldate = {2023-06-22},
  abstract = {Proton\textendash proton (pp) collision has been considered as a baseline to study the system produced in relativistic heavy-ion (AA) collisions with the basic assumption that no thermal medium is formed in pp collisions. This warrants a cautious analysis of the system produced in pp collisions at relativistic energies. In this work we investigate the charmonium suppression in pp collisions at \$\$\textbackslash sqrt\{s\} = 5.02\$\$, 7 and 13 TeV energies. Further, charmonium suppression has been studied for various event multiplicities and transverse momenta by including the mechanisms of color screening, gluonic dissociation, collisional damping along with regeneration due to correlated \$\$c\{\textbackslash bar\{c\}\}\$\$pairs. Here we obtain a net suppression of charmonia at high-multiplicity events indicating the possibility of the formation of quark\textendash gluon plasma in pp collisions.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/FQQGPY3U/Singh et al. - 2022 - Charmonium suppression in ultra-relativistic proto.pdf}
}

@misc{sjostrandDevelopmentMPIModelling2017,
  title = {The {{Development}} of {{MPI Modelling}} in {{PYTHIA}}},
  author = {Sj{\"o}strand, Torbj{\"o}rn},
  year = {2017},
  month = jun,
  number = {arXiv:1706.02166},
  eprint = {1706.02166},
  primaryclass = {hep-ph},
  publisher = {{arXiv}},
  doi = {10.48550/arXiv.1706.02166},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1706.02166},
  urldate = {2023-07-01},
  abstract = {Many of the basic ideas in multiparton interaction (MPI) phenomenology were first developed in the context of the PYTHIA event generator, and MPIs have been central in its modelling of both minimum-bias and underlying-event physics in one unified framework. This chapter traces the evolution towards an increasingly sophisticated description of MPIs in PYTHIA, including topics such as the ordering of MPIs, the regularization of the divergent QCD cross section, the impact-parameter picture, colour reconnection, multiparton PDFs and beam remnants, interleaved and intertwined evolution, and diffraction.},
  archiveprefix = {arxiv},
  keywords = {High Energy Physics - Phenomenology},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/P38ZFW72/Sjöstrand - 2017 - The Development of MPI Modelling in PYTHIA.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/2KBFVQ5Z/1706.html}
}

@article{sjostrandIntroductionPYTHIA2015,
  title = {An {{Introduction}} to {{PYTHIA}} 8.2},
  author = {Sj{\"o}strand, Torbj{\"o}rn and Ask, Stefan and Christiansen, Jesper R. and Corke, Richard and Desai, Nishita and Ilten, Philip and Mrenna, Stephen and Prestel, Stefan and Rasmussen, Christine O. and Skands, Peter Z.},
  year = {2015},
  month = jun,
  journal = {Computer Physics Communications},
  volume = {191},
  eprint = {1410.3012},
  primaryclass = {hep-ph},
  pages = {159--177},
  issn = {00104655},
  doi = {10.1016/j.cpc.2015.01.024},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1410.3012},
  urldate = {2023-07-01},
  abstract = {The PYTHIA program is a standard tool for the generation of events in high-energy collisions, comprising a coherent set of physics models for the evolution from a few-body hard process to a complex multiparticle final state. It contains a library of hard processes, models for initial- and final-state parton showers, matching and merging methods between hard processes and parton showers, multiparton interactions, beam remnants, string fragmentation and particle decays. It also has a set of utilities and several interfaces to external programs. PYTHIA 8.2 is the second main release after the complete rewrite from Fortran to C++, and now has reached such a maturity that it offers a complete replacement for most applications, notably for LHC physics studies. The many new features should allow an improved description of data.},
  archiveprefix = {arxiv},
  keywords = {High Energy Physics - Phenomenology},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/A6SLRDYX/Sjöstrand et al. - 2015 - An Introduction to PYTHIA 8.2.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/6NYAYVGD/1410.html}
}

@article{sjostrandPYTHIAPhysicsManual2006,
  title = {{{PYTHIA}} 6.4 {{Physics}} and {{Manual}}},
  author = {Sjostrand, Torbjorn and Mrenna, Stephen and Skands, Peter},
  year = {2006},
  month = may,
  journal = {arXiv:hep-ph/0603175},
  eprint = {hep-ph/0603175},
  doi = {10.1088/1126-6708/2006/05/026},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-ph/0603175},
  urldate = {2021-04-26},
  abstract = {The PYTHIA program can be used to generate high-energy-physics `events', i.e. sets of outgoing particles produced in the interactions between two incoming particles. The objective is to provide as accurate as possible a representation of event properties in a wide range of reactions, within and beyond the Standard Model, with emphasis on those where strong interactions play a role, directly or indirectly, and therefore multihadronic final states are produced. The physics is then not understood well enough to give an exact description; instead the program has to be based on a combination of analytical results and various QCD-based models. This physics input is summarized here, for areas such as hard subprocesses, initial- and final-state parton showers, underlying events and beam remnants, fragmentation and decays, and much more. Furthermore, extensive information is provided on all program elements: subroutines and functions, switches and parameters, and particle and process data. This should allow the user to tailor the generation task to the topics of interest.},
  archiveprefix = {arxiv},
  keywords = {High Energy Physics - Phenomenology},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/MQTXAEVW/Sjostrand et al. - 2006 - PYTHIA 6.4 Physics and Manual.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/GTHYEKLA/0603175.html}
}

@inproceedings{skandsIntroductionQCD2013,
  title = {Introduction to {{QCD}}},
  booktitle = {Searching for {{New Physics}} at {{Small}} and {{Large Scales}}},
  author = {Skands, Peter},
  year = {2013},
  month = nov,
  eprint = {1207.2389},
  primaryclass = {hep-ph, physics:hep-th},
  pages = {341--420},
  doi = {10.1142/9789814525220\_0008},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1207.2389},
  urldate = {2023-01-26},
  abstract = {These lectures were originally given at TASI and are directed at a level suitable for graduate students in High Energy Physics. They are intended to give an introduction to the theory and phenomenology of quantum chromodynamics (QCD), focusing on collider physics applications. The aim is to bring the reader to a level where informed decisions can be made concerning different approaches and their uncertainties. The material is divided into five main areas: 1) fundamentals, 2) fixed-order perturbative QCD, 3) Monte Carlo event generators and parton showers, 4) Matching at Leading and Next-to-Leading Order, and 5) Soft QCD physics.},
  archiveprefix = {arxiv},
  keywords = {High Energy Physics - Phenomenology,High Energy Physics - Theory},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/J8QRVURT/Skands - 2013 - Introduction to QCD.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/LLQPGC6C/1207.html}
}

@misc{skandsQCDColliderPhysics2012,
  title = {{{QCD}} for {{Collider Physics}}},
  author = {Skands, Peter},
  year = {2012},
  month = may,
  number = {arXiv:1104.2863},
  eprint = {1104.2863},
  primaryclass = {hep-ph, physics:hep-th},
  publisher = {{arXiv}},
  doi = {10.48550/arXiv.1104.2863},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1104.2863},
  urldate = {2023-02-03},
  abstract = {These lectures are directed at a level suitable for graduate students in experimental and theoretical High Energy Physics. They are intended to give an introduction to the theory and phenomenology of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) as it is used in collider physics applications. The aim is to bring the reader to a level where informed decisions can be made concerning different approaches and their uncertainties. The material is divided into four main areas: 1) fundamentals, 2) perturbative QCD, 3) soft QCD, and 4) Monte Carlo event generators.},
  archiveprefix = {arxiv},
  keywords = {High Energy Physics - Phenomenology,High Energy Physics - Theory},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/W2SGI7QP/Skands - 2012 - QCD for Collider Physics.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/EIVEAX7N/1104.html}
}

@article{skandsTuningPYTHIAMonash2014,
  title = {Tuning {{PYTHIA}} 8.1: The {{Monash}} 2013 {{Tune}}},
  shorttitle = {Tuning {{PYTHIA}} 8.1},
  author = {Skands, Peter and Carrazza, Stefano and Rojo, Juan},
  year = {2014},
  month = apr,
  journal = {arXiv:1404.5630 [hep-ph]},
  eprint = {1404.5630},
  primaryclass = {hep-ph},
  doi = {10.1140/epjc/s10052-014-3024-y},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1404.5630},
  urldate = {2021-04-26},
  abstract = {We present an updated set of parameters for the PYTHIA 8 event generator. We reevaluate the constraints imposed by LEP and SLD on hadronization, in particular with regard to heavy-quark fragmentation and strangeness production. For hadron collisions, we combine the updated fragmentation parameters with a new NNPDF2.3 LO PDF set. We use minimum-bias, Drell-Yan, and underlying-event data from the LHC to constrain the initial-state-radiation and multi-parton-interaction parameters, combined with data from SPS and the Tevatron to constrain the energy scaling. Several distributions show significant improvements with respect to the current defaults, for both ee and pp collisions, though we emphasize that interesting discrepancies remain in particular for strange particles and baryons. The updated parameters are available as an option starting from PYTHIA 8.185, by setting Tune:ee = 7 and Tune:pp = 14.},
  archiveprefix = {arxiv},
  keywords = {High Energy Physics - Phenomenology},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/LXP5FI5M/Skands et al. - 2014 - Tuning PYTHIA 8.1 the Monash 2013 Tune.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/KUQS37UB/1404.html}
}

@book{sozziDiscreteSymmetriesCP2007,
  title = {Discrete {{Symmetries}} and {{CP Violation}}},
  author = {Sozzi, Marco},
  year = {2007},
  month = nov,
  publisher = {{Oxford University Press}},
  doi = {10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199296668.001.0001},
  url = {https://academic.oup.com/book/11518},
  urldate = {2022-09-13},
  isbn = {978-0-19-929666-8}
}

@article{sozziTestsDiscreteSymmetries2019,
  title = {Tests of Discrete Symmetries},
  author = {Sozzi, M. S.},
  year = {2019},
  month = nov,
  journal = {J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys.},
  volume = {47},
  number = {1},
  pages = {013001},
  publisher = {{IOP Publishing}},
  issn = {0954-3899},
  doi = {10.1088/1361-6471/ab4822},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6471/ab4822},
  urldate = {2022-09-13},
  abstract = {This article provides a coarse-grained review on the experimental tests of fundamental discrete symmetries, focusing on those which appear to be deeply ingrained in nature, or at least rooted into the description of it which we are currently capable of providing, namely those related to space-time inversions and particle/anti-particle exchange. A broad selection of tests is discussed, not in the (vain) pursuit of completeness, but rather with the aim of providing an overview of the variety of approaches, and of the underlying common principles.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/LTW4SY5K/Sozzi - 2019 - Tests of discrete symmetries.pdf}
}

@phdthesis{speltzCaracterisationEtatDense2006,
  title = {{Caract\'erisation d'un \'etat dense de quarks et de gluons gr\^ace aux fonctions d'excitation des hyp\'erons multi-\'etranges mesur\'ees avec l'exp\'erience STAR au RHIC}},
  author = {Speltz, Jeff},
  year = {2006},
  month = oct,
  url = {https://theses.hal.science/tel-00391681},
  urldate = {2023-05-05},
  abstract = {Dans ce travail, nous caract\'erisons la production des baryons multi-\'etranges Xi et Omega dans des collisions Au+Au produites au RHIC o\`u l'on attend l'\'eventuelle formation d'une mati\`ere de quarks et de gluons d\'econfin\'es (QGP). Nous analysons avec l'exp\'erience STAR les collisions obtenues \`a une \'energie de 62 GeV, interm\'ediaire entre celle atteinte au SPS (17 GeV) et l'\'energie nominale du RHIC (200 GeV). Les spectres en impulsions transverses, les taux de production et l'\'ecoulement elliptique sont mesur\'es avec diff\'erentes m\'ethodes permettant une estimation pertinente des incertitudes syst\'ematiques. Ces r\'esultats sont compar\'es \`a des mod\`eles statistiques et hydrodynamiques que nous avons adapt\'es \`a l'\'energie de 62 GeV. Les propri\'et\'es chimiques et dynamiques du milieu ainsi obtenues indiquent la formation d'un milieu au moins partiellement thermalis\'e et sugg\`erent la formation d'un \'etat comparable \`a 62 GeV et \`a 200 GeV.},
  langid = {french},
  school = {Universit\'e Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/ZDCM2MVC/Speltz - 2006 - Caractérisation d'un état dense de quarks et de gl.pdf}
}

@article{starcollaborationExperimentalTheoreticalChallenges2005,
  title = {Experimental and {{Theoretical Challenges}} in the {{Search}} for the {{Quark Gluon Plasma}}: {{The STAR Collaboration}}'s {{Critical Assessment}} of the {{Evidence}} from {{RHIC Collisions}}},
  shorttitle = {Experimental and {{Theoretical Challenges}} in the {{Search}} for the {{Quark Gluon Plasma}}},
  author = {{STAR Collaboration} and Adams, J.},
  year = {2005},
  month = aug,
  journal = {Nuclear Physics A},
  volume = {757},
  number = {1-2},
  eprint = {nucl-ex/0501009},
  pages = {102--183},
  issn = {03759474},
  doi = {10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2005.03.085},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/nucl-ex/0501009},
  urldate = {2023-02-26},
  abstract = {We review the most important experimental results from the first three years of nucleus-nucleus collision studies at RHIC, with emphasis on results from the STAR experiment, and we assess their interpretation and comparison to theory. The theory-experiment comparison suggests that central Au+Au collisions at RHIC produce dense, rapidly thermalizing matter characterized by: (1) initial energy densities above the critical values predicted by lattice QCD for establishment of a Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP); (2) nearly ideal fluid flow, marked by constituent interactions of very short mean free path, established most probably at a stage preceding hadron formation; and (3) opacity to jets. Many of the observations are consistent with models incorporating QGP formation in the early collision stages, and have not found ready explanation in a hadronic framework. However, the measurements themselves do not yet establish unequivocal evidence for a transition to this new form of matter. The theoretical treatment of the collision evolution, despite impressive successes, invokes a suite of distinct models, degrees of freedom and assumptions of as yet unknown quantitative consequence. We pose a set of important open questions, and suggest additional measurements, at least some of which should be addressed in order to establish a compelling basis to conclude definitively that thermalized, deconfined quark-gluon matter has been produced at RHIC.},
  archiveprefix = {arxiv},
  keywords = {Nuclear Experiment},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/K68U4W57/STAR Collaboration and Adams - 2005 - Experimental and Theoretical Challenges in the Sea.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/YEX4HU9C/0501009.html}
}

@article{stephanovQCDPhaseDiagram2005,
  title = {{{QCD}} Phase Diagram and the Critical Point},
  author = {Stephanov, M. A.},
  year = {2005},
  month = jul,
  journal = {Int. J. Mod. Phys. A},
  volume = {20},
  number = {19},
  eprint = {hep-ph/0402115},
  pages = {4387--4392},
  issn = {0217-751X, 1793-656X},
  doi = {10.1142/S0217751X05027965},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-ph/0402115},
  urldate = {2023-02-23},
  abstract = {The recent progress in understanding the QCD phase diagram and the physics of the QCD critical point is reviewed.},
  archiveprefix = {arxiv},
  keywords = {High Energy Physics - Lattice,High Energy Physics - Phenomenology,Nuclear Theory},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/GXSRNAIE/Stephanov - 2005 - QCD phase diagram and the critical point.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/4EEVY5XV/0402115.html}
}

@misc{SystematicFitsIdentified,
  title = {Systematic Fits of Identified Particle {{pT}} Spectra with {{L\'evy-Tsallis}} and Modified {{Bylinkin}} Functions | {{Public}} \& {{Analysis Notes}}},
  url = {https://alice-notes.web.cern.ch/node/786},
  urldate = {2021-04-28},
  file = {/home/romain/Documents/Paper/2019-12-02-_ANA-786-SystematicFits-WithLevyTsallisModBylinkin-v3-2019-12-02(1).pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/P2BMSIKP/786.html}
}

@inproceedings{thomsonModernParticlePhysics2013,
  title = {Modern {{Particle Physics}}:},
  shorttitle = {Modern {{Particle Physics}}},
  author = {Thomson, Mark},
  year = {2013},
  month = sep,
  edition = {1},
  publisher = {{Cambridge University Press}},
  doi = {10.1017/CBO9781139525367},
  url = {https://www.cambridge.org/highereducation/books/modern-particle-physics/CDFEBC9AE513DA60AA12DE015181A948},
  urldate = {2023-02-06},
  abstract = {1. Introduction 2. Underlying concepts 3. Decay rates and cross sections 4. The Dirac equation 5. Interaction by particle exchange 6. Electron-positron annihilation 7. Electron-proton elastic scattering 8. Deep inelastic scattering 9. Symmetries and the quark model 10. Quantum chromodynamics 11. The weak interaction 12. The weak interactions of leptons 13. Neutrinos and neutrino oscillations 14. CP violation and weak hadronic interactions 15. Electroweak unification 16. Tests of the Standard Model 17. The Higgs boson 18. The Standard Model and beyond Appendixes References Further reading Index.},
  isbn = {978-1-107-03426-6 978-1-139-52536-7},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/FUCAZG8H/Modern Particles Physics - Thomson.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/GWTMWGW9/Modern Particles Physics - Thomson.pdf}
}

@article{thomsonXLCathodeRays1897,
  title = {{{XL}}. {{Cathode Rays}}},
  author = {Thomson, J. J.},
  year = {1897},
  month = oct,
  journal = {The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science},
  volume = {44},
  number = {269},
  pages = {293--316},
  publisher = {{Taylor \& Francis}},
  issn = {1941-5982},
  doi = {10.1080/14786449708621070},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/14786449708621070},
  urldate = {2023-02-04},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/3QD2YE3U/Thomson - 1897 - XL. Cathode Rays.pdf}
}

@misc{tounsiStrangenessEnhancementCanonical2001,
  title = {Strangeness {{Enhancement}} and {{Canonical Suppression}}},
  author = {Tounsi, Ahmed and Redlich, Krzysztof},
  year = {2001},
  month = nov,
  number = {arXiv:hep-ph/0111159},
  eprint = {hep-ph/0111159},
  publisher = {{arXiv}},
  doi = {10.48550/arXiv.hep-ph/0111159},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-ph/0111159},
  urldate = {2023-01-22},
  abstract = {We demonstrate the essential role of canonical suppression in strangeness enhancement. The pattern of enhancement of strange and multistrange baryons observed by the WA97 collaboration can be understood on this basis. Besides, it is shown that in canonical approach strangeness enhancement is a decreasing function of collision energy. It is the largest at \$\textbackslash sqrt\{s\}=8.7\$ GeV where the enhancement of \$\textbackslash Omega,\textbackslash Xi\$ and \$\textbackslash Lambda\$ is of the order of 100, 20 and 3 respectively.},
  archiveprefix = {arxiv},
  keywords = {High Energy Physics - Phenomenology},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/TTXIE6FY/Tounsi and Redlich - 2001 - Strangeness Enhancement and Canonical Suppression.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/HGQ77JJC/0111159.html}
}

@misc{TransverseMomentumSpectra,
  title = {Transverse momentum spectra of inclusive charged hadrons in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} =13$ TeV | Public & Analysis Notes},
  url = {https://alice-notes.web.cern.ch/node/415},
  urldate = {2021-05-04},
  file = {/home/romain/Documents/Paper/2013-Nov-27-analysis_note-PrimaryParticle.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/UIDBE3TW/415.html}
}

@article{valassiCombiningCorrelatedMeasurements2003,
  title = {Combining Correlated Measurements of Several Different Physical Quantities},
  author = {Valassi, Andrea},
  year = {2003},
  month = mar,
  journal = {Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment},
  series = {{{NIMA Vol}} 500},
  volume = {500},
  number = {1},
  pages = {391--405},
  issn = {0168-9002},
  doi = {10.1016/S0168-9002(03)00329-2},
  url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168900203003292},
  urldate = {2023-01-18},
  abstract = {Measurements of different physical quantities are often correlated when they are performed by the same experiment, using the same data or the same detector. Correlations may also exist between the results of different experiments, for instance if they rely on the use of the same theoretical models. All these correlations must be properly taken into account to provide the best combined estimate of each measured quantity. A procedure used to combine the correlated results of different high-energy physics experiments is reviewed in this paper.},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Best linear unbiased estimate,Correlated measurements,LEPEWWG},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/U5JHDGPC/S0168900203003292.html}
}

@misc{vanleeuwenHighlightsALICE59th2023,
  title = {Highlights from {{ALICE}}, 59th {{International School}} of {{Subnuclear Physics}}},
  author = {Van Leeuwen, Marco},
  year = {2023},
  month = jun,
  journal = {Agenda (Indico)},
  url = {https://agenda.infn.it/event/36701/contributions/203759/},
  urldate = {2023-06-24},
  abstract = {59th Course: Searching the unexpected: Energy, Luminosity, Precision, Small SignalsDirectors of the School: A. ZICHICHI, A. ZOCCOLIDirectors of the Course: A. BETTINI, A. MASIERO},
  annotation = {Erice2023},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/3U2SMBLX/203759.html}
}

@misc{verkerkeRooFitUsersManual2008,
  title = {{{RooFit Users Manual}} v2.91},
  author = {Verkerke, W and Kirkby, D},
  year = {2008},
  url = {https://root.cern/download/doc/RooFit_Users_Manual_2.91-33.pdf},
  annotation = {Revised (typos fixing) - September 18, 2019}
}

@article{voloshinTwoParticleRapidity2005,
  title = {Two Particle Rapidity, Transverse Momentum, and Azimuthal Correlations in Relativistic Nuclear Collisions and Transverse Radial Expansion},
  author = {Voloshin, Sergei A.},
  year = {2005},
  month = mar,
  journal = {Nuclear Physics A},
  volume = {749},
  eprint = {nucl-th/0410024},
  pages = {287--290},
  issn = {03759474},
  doi = {10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2004.12.053},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/nucl-th/0410024},
  urldate = {2021-08-25},
  abstract = {At the very first stage of an ultra-relativistic nucleus-nucleus collision new particles are produced in individual nucleon-nucleon collisions. In the transverse plane, all particles from a single \$NN\$ collision are initially located at the same position. The subsequent transverse radial expansion of the system creates strong position-momentum correlations and leads to characteristic rapidity, transverse momentum, and azimuthal correlations among the produced particles.},
  archiveprefix = {arxiv},
  keywords = {Nuclear Theory},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/JADDLIAM/Voloshin - 2005 - Two particle rapidity, transverse momentum, and az.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/9W4KW5TE/0410024.html}
}

@article{wangHIJINGMonteCarlo1994,
  title = {{{HIJING}} 1.0: {{A Monte Carlo Program}} for {{Parton}} and {{Particle Production}} in {{High Energy Hadronic}} and {{Nuclear Collisions}}},
  shorttitle = {{{HIJING}} 1.0},
  author = {Wang, Xin-Nian and Gyulassy, Miklos},
  year = {1994},
  month = dec,
  journal = {Computer Physics Communications},
  volume = {83},
  number = {2-3},
  eprint = {nucl-th/9502021},
  pages = {307--331},
  issn = {00104655},
  doi = {10.1016/0010-4655(94)90057-4},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/nucl-th/9502021},
  urldate = {2023-04-27},
  abstract = {Based on QCD-inspired models for multiple jets production, we developed a Monte Carlo program to study jet and the associated particle production in high energy \$pp\$, \$pA\$ and \$AA\$ collisions. The physics behind the program which includes multiple minijet production, soft excitation, nuclear shadowing of parton distribution functions and jet interaction in dense matter is briefly discussed. A detailed description of the program and instructions on how to use it are given.},
  archiveprefix = {arxiv},
  keywords = {High Energy Physics - Phenomenology,Nuclear Theory},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/FG4X3F3L/Wang and Gyulassy - 1994 - HIJING 1.0 A Monte Carlo Program for Parton and P.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/LYQVV92P/9502021.html}
}

@article{weiseChiralSymmetryBreaking1992,
  title = {Chiral Symmetry Breaking},
  author = {Weise, W.},
  year = {1992},
  month = jun,
  journal = {Nuclear Physics A},
  volume = {543},
  number = {1},
  pages = {377--392},
  issn = {0375-9474},
  doi = {10.1016/0375-9474(92)90431-I},
  url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/037594749290431I},
  urldate = {2023-02-22},
  abstract = {Recent developments related to chiral symmetry and its explicit breaking by quark masses are summarized. We discuss the status of the pion-nucleon sigma term and questions of threshold {$\pi^\circ$} photoproduction.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/FJZXM5GT/Weise - 1992 - Chiral symmetry breaking.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/PXJWYSW8/037594749290431I.html}
}

@article{weiseChiralSymmetryStrongly2010,
  title = {Chiral Symmetry in Strongly Interacting Matter},
  author = {Weise, Wolfram},
  year = {2010},
  month = oct,
  journal = {Progress of Theoretical Physics Supplement},
  volume = {186},
  eprint = {1009.6201},
  primaryclass = {nucl-th},
  pages = {390--403},
  issn = {0375-9687},
  doi = {10.1143/PTPS.186.390},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1009.6201},
  urldate = {2023-02-22},
  abstract = {This is a brief summary of topics that were presented as lectures within the programme "New Frontiers in QCD 2010" at the Yukawa Institute of Theoretical Physics in Kyoto. The basic subject is phases and symmetry breaking patterns as they emerge from the approximate chiral symmetry of QCD. Part I focuses on the QCD interface with nuclear physics via chiral effective field theory. This includes nuclear thermodynamics and, in particular, constraints for compressed and hot baryonic matter provided by the density and temperature dependence of the chiral condensate. Part II explores aspects of the QCD phase diagram using a non-local improved version of the Polyakov - Nambu - Jona-Lasinio (PNJL) model. A prominent feature of such an approach is the occurence of a dynamical entanglement between chiral and deconfinement crossover transitions. Comparisons with available results from lattice QCD thermodynamics will be made.},
  archiveprefix = {arxiv},
  keywords = {Nuclear Theory},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/HITRJJTK/Weise - 2010 - Chiral symmetry in strongly interacting matter.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/X3LVYGHJ/1009.html}
}

@article{wernerAnalysingRadialFlow2014,
  title = {Analysing Radial Flow Features in P-{{Pb}} and p-p Collisions at Several {{TeV}} by Studying Identified Particle Production in {{EPOS3}}},
  author = {Werner, K. and Guiot, B. and Karpenko, Iu and Pierog, T.},
  year = {2014},
  month = jun,
  journal = {Phys. Rev. C},
  volume = {89},
  number = {6},
  eprint = {1312.1233},
  primaryclass = {astro-ph, physics:hep-ph, physics:nucl-th},
  pages = {064903},
  issn = {0556-2813, 1089-490X},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRevC.89.064903},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1312.1233},
  urldate = {2023-06-22},
  abstract = {Experimental transverse momentum spectra of identified particles in p-Pb collisions at 5.02 TeV show many similarities to the corresponding Pb-Pb results, the latter ones usually being interpreted in term of hydrodynamic flow. We analyse these data using EPOS3, an event generator based on a 3D+1 viscous hydrodynamical evolution starting from flux tube initial conditions, which are generated in the Gribov-Regge multiple scattering framework. An individual scattering is referred to as Pomeron, identified with a parton ladder, eventually showing up as flux tubes (or strings). Each parton ladder is composed of a pQCD hard process, plus initial and final state linear parton emission. Nonlinear effects are considered by using saturation scales \$Q\_\{s\}\$, depending on the energy and the number of participants connected to the Pomeron in question. We compute transverse momentum (\$p\_\{t\}\$) spectra of pions, kaons, protons, lambdas, and \$\textbackslash Xi\$ baryons in p-Pb and p-p scattering, compared to experimental data and many other models. In this way we show in a quantitative fashion that p-Pb data (and even p-p ones) show the typical ``flow effect'' of enhanced particle production at intermediate \$p\_\{t\}\$ values, more and more visible with increasing hadron mass.},
  archiveprefix = {arxiv},
  keywords = {Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena,High Energy Physics - Phenomenology,Nuclear Theory},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/L69TVKVH/Werner et al. - 2014 - Analysing radial flow features in p-Pb and p-p col.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/8K2CH627/1312.html}
}

@misc{wernerCorecoronaProcedureMicrocanonical2023,
  title = {Core-Corona Procedure and Microcanonical Hadronization to Understand Strangeness Enhancement in Proton-Proton and Heavy Ion Collisions in the {{EPOS4}} Framework},
  author = {Werner, K.},
  year = {2023},
  month = jun,
  number = {arXiv:2306.10277},
  eprint = {2306.10277},
  primaryclass = {hep-ph, physics:nucl-th},
  publisher = {{arXiv}},
  doi = {10.48550/arXiv.2306.10277},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/2306.10277},
  urldate = {2023-06-22},
  abstract = {The multiplicity dependence of multi-strange hadron yields in proton-proton and lead-lead collisions at several TeV allows to study the transition from very big to very small systems, in particular, concerning collective effects. We investigate this, employing a core-corona approach based on new microcanonical hadronization procedures in the EPOS4 framework, as well as new methods allowing to transform energy-momentum flow through freeze-out surfaces into invariant mass elements. We try to disentangle effects due to ``canonical suppression'' and ``core-corona separation'', which will both lead to a reduction of the yields at low multiplicity.},
  archiveprefix = {arxiv},
  keywords = {High Energy Physics - Phenomenology,Nuclear Theory},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/BVB7WYUZ/Werner - 2023 - Core-corona procedure and microcanonical hadroniza.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/N5CE2UCB/2306.html}
}

@article{wernerEvidenceHydrodynamicEvolution2011,
  title = {Evidence for Hydrodynamic Evolution in Proton-Proton Scattering at 900 {{GeV}}},
  author = {Werner, K. and Karpenko, {\relax Iu}. and Pierog, T. and Bleicher, M. and Mikhailov, K.},
  year = {2011},
  month = apr,
  journal = {Phys. Rev. C},
  volume = {83},
  number = {4},
  pages = {044915},
  publisher = {{American Physical Society}},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRevC.83.044915},
  url = {https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevC.83.044915},
  urldate = {2023-07-03},
  abstract = {In pp scattering at 900 GeV, large numbers of elementary scatterings will contribute significantly, and the corresponding high-multiplicity events will be of particular interest. Elementary scatterings are parton ladders, identified with color flux tubes. In high-multiplicity events, many of these flux tubes are produced in the same space region, creating high-energy densities. We argue that there are good reasons to employ the successful procedure used for heavy-ion collisions: Matter is assumed to thermalize quickly, such that the energy from the flux tubes can be taken as an initial condition for a hydrodynamic expansion. This scenario gets spectacular support from very recent results on Bose-Einstein correlations in pp scattering at 900 GeV at LHC.},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/PPD5K66W/Werner et al. - 2011 - Evidence for hydrodynamic evolution in proton-prot.pdf;/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/TJD94M75/PhysRevC.83.html}
}

@book{wernerMonteCarloEvent2022,
  title = {Monte {{Carlo Event Generators}}},
  author = {Werner, K.},
  year = {2022},
  address = {{SUBATECH, University of Nantes - IN2P3/CNRS - IMT Atlantique, Nantes, France}},
  abstract = {The following is based on a 3-hour lecture on ``Monte Carlo Event Generators'' given at the summer school ``Heavy Ion Collisions in the QCD phase diagram'', June 27 - July 08, 2022, Nantes, France. It discusses elements of Monte Carlo event generators in general, but in particular the basic principles of parallel scatterings and their realisation in the new EPOS4 scheme.},
  langid = {english},
  annotation = {SUBATECH, University of Nantes - IN2P3/CNRS - IMT Atlantique, Nantes, France},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/GTQVH6V5/Werner - 2022 - Monte Carlo Event Generators.pdf}
}

@misc{worldwidelhccomputinggridWorldwideLHCComputing2023,
  title = {Worldwide {{LHC Computing Grid}}'s Welcome Page},
  author = {{Worldwide LHC Computing Grid}},
  year = {2023},
  url = {https://wlcg-public.web.cern.ch/},
  urldate = {2023-04-20},
  abstract = {The Worldwide LHC Computing Grid (WLCG) is a global computing infrastructure whose mission is to provide computing resources to store, distribute and analyse the data generated by the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), making the data equally available to all partners, regardless of their physical location. WLCG is the world's largest computing grid. It is supported by many associated national and international grids across the world, such as European Grid Initiative (Europe-based) and Open Science Grid (US-based), as well as many other regional grids. WLCG is co-ordinated by CERN. It is managed and operated by a worldwide collaboration between the experiments (ALICE, ATLAS, CMS and LHCb) and the participating computer centres. It is reviewed by a board of delegates from partner country funding agencies, and scientifically reviewed by the LHC Experiments Committee.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/4V4ZGWDP/wlcg-public.web.cern.ch.html}
}

@article{wuExperimentalTestParity1957,
  title = {Experimental {{Test}} of {{Parity Conservation}} in {{Beta Decay}}},
  author = {Wu, C. S. and Ambler, E. and Hayward, R. W. and Hoppes, D. D. and Hudson, R. P.},
  year = {1957},
  month = feb,
  journal = {Physical Review},
  volume = {105},
  pages = {1413--1415},
  issn = {1536-6065},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRev.105.1413},
  url = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1957PhRv..105.1413W},
  urldate = {2020-06-08},
  abstract = {Not Available},
  file = {/home/rschotte/snap/zotero-snap/common/Zotero/storage/3RWNLVUE/Wu et al. - 1957 - Experimental Test of Parity Conservation in Beta D.pdf}
}