diff --git a/crates/rustic_core/src/commands/cat.rs b/crates/rustic_core/src/commands/cat.rs
index 644afc175..bfd9e852d 100644
--- a/crates/rustic_core/src/commands/cat.rs
+++ b/crates/rustic_core/src/commands/cat.rs
@@ -3,40 +3,49 @@ use std::path::Path;
 use bytes::Bytes;
 
 use crate::{
-    error::CommandErrorKind, repository::IndexedRepository, BlobType, DecryptReadBackend, FileType,
-    Id, IndexedBackend, OpenRepository, ProgressBars, ReadBackend, RusticResult, SnapshotFile,
-    Tree,
+    error::CommandErrorKind,
+    repository::{Indexed, Open, Repository},
+    BlobType, DecryptReadBackend, FileType, Id, IndexedBackend, ProgressBars, ReadBackend,
+    RusticResult, SnapshotFile, Tree,
 };
 
-pub fn cat_file<P>(repo: &OpenRepository<P>, tpe: FileType, id: &str) -> RusticResult<Bytes> {
-    let id = repo.dbe.find_id(tpe, id)?;
-    let data = repo.dbe.read_encrypted_full(tpe, &id)?;
+pub(crate) fn cat_file<P, S: Open>(
+    repo: &Repository<P, S>,
+    tpe: FileType,
+    id: &str,
+) -> RusticResult<Bytes> {
+    let id = repo.dbe().find_id(tpe, id)?;
+    let data = repo.dbe().read_encrypted_full(tpe, &id)?;
     Ok(data)
 }
 
-pub fn cat_blob<P>(repo: &IndexedRepository<P>, tpe: BlobType, id: &str) -> RusticResult<Bytes> {
+pub(crate) fn cat_blob<P, S: Indexed>(
+    repo: &Repository<P, S>,
+    tpe: BlobType,
+    id: &str,
+) -> RusticResult<Bytes> {
     let id = Id::from_hex(id)?;
-    let data = repo.index.blob_from_backend(tpe, &id)?;
+    let data = repo.index().blob_from_backend(tpe, &id)?;
 
     Ok(data)
 }
 
-pub fn cat_tree<P: ProgressBars>(
-    repo: &IndexedRepository<P>,
+pub(crate) fn cat_tree<P: ProgressBars, S: Indexed>(
+    repo: &Repository<P, S>,
     snap: &str,
     sn_filter: impl FnMut(&SnapshotFile) -> bool + Send + Sync,
 ) -> RusticResult<Bytes> {
     let (id, path) = snap.split_once(':').unwrap_or((snap, ""));
     let snap = SnapshotFile::from_str(
-        &repo.repo.dbe,
+        repo.dbe(),
         id,
         sn_filter,
-        &repo.repo.pb.progress_counter("getting snapshot..."),
+        &repo.pb.progress_counter("getting snapshot..."),
     )?;
-    let node = Tree::node_from_path(&repo.index, snap.tree, Path::new(path))?;
+    let node = Tree::node_from_path(repo.index(), snap.tree, Path::new(path))?;
     let id = node
         .subtree
         .ok_or_else(|| CommandErrorKind::PathIsNoDir(path.to_string()))?;
-    let data = repo.index.blob_from_backend(BlobType::Tree, &id)?;
+    let data = repo.index().blob_from_backend(BlobType::Tree, &id)?;
     Ok(data)
 }
diff --git a/crates/rustic_core/src/commands/check.rs b/crates/rustic_core/src/commands/check.rs
index 13977a76b..d7c624ad6 100644
--- a/crates/rustic_core/src/commands/check.rs
+++ b/crates/rustic_core/src/commands/check.rs
@@ -8,10 +8,12 @@ use rayon::prelude::{IntoParallelIterator, ParallelBridge, ParallelIterator};
 use zstd::stream::decode_all;
 
 use crate::{
-    hash, progress::ProgressBars, BlobType, Cache, DecryptReadBackend, FileType, Id, IndexBackend,
-    IndexCollector, IndexFile, IndexPack, IndexType, IndexedBackend, NodeType, OpenRepository,
-    PackHeader, PackHeaderLength, PackHeaderRef, Progress, ReadBackend, RusticResult, SnapshotFile,
-    TreeStreamerOnce,
+    hash,
+    progress::ProgressBars,
+    repository::{Open, Repository},
+    BlobType, Cache, DecryptReadBackend, FileType, Id, IndexBackend, IndexCollector, IndexFile,
+    IndexPack, IndexType, IndexedBackend, NodeType, PackHeader, PackHeaderLength, PackHeaderRef,
+    Progress, ReadBackend, RusticResult, SnapshotFile, TreeStreamerOnce,
 };
 
 /// `check` subcommand
@@ -28,9 +30,9 @@ pub struct CheckOpts {
 }
 
 impl CheckOpts {
-    pub fn run<P: ProgressBars>(self, repo: &OpenRepository<P>) -> RusticResult<()> {
-        let be = &repo.dbe;
-        let cache = &repo.cache;
+    pub(crate) fn run<P: ProgressBars, S: Open>(self, repo: &Repository<P, S>) -> RusticResult<()> {
+        let be = repo.dbe();
+        let cache = repo.cache();
         let hot_be = &repo.be_hot;
         let raw_be = &repo.be;
         let pb = &repo.pb;
diff --git a/crates/rustic_core/src/commands/dump.rs b/crates/rustic_core/src/commands/dump.rs
index 374f24f57..fd499b38e 100644
--- a/crates/rustic_core/src/commands/dump.rs
+++ b/crates/rustic_core/src/commands/dump.rs
@@ -1,12 +1,13 @@
 use std::io::Write;
 
 use crate::{
-    error::CommandErrorKind, repository::IndexedRepository, BlobType, IndexedBackend, Node,
-    NodeType, RusticResult,
+    error::CommandErrorKind,
+    repository::{Indexed, Repository},
+    BlobType, IndexedBackend, Node, NodeType, RusticResult,
 };
 
-pub(crate) fn dump<P>(
-    repo: &IndexedRepository<P>,
+pub(crate) fn dump<P, S: Indexed>(
+    repo: &Repository<P, S>,
     node: &Node,
     w: &mut impl Write,
 ) -> RusticResult<()> {
@@ -16,7 +17,7 @@ pub(crate) fn dump<P>(
 
     for id in node.content.as_ref().unwrap() {
         // TODO: cache blobs which are needed later
-        let data = repo.index.blob_from_backend(BlobType::Data, id)?;
+        let data = repo.index().blob_from_backend(BlobType::Data, id)?;
         w.write_all(&data)?;
     }
     Ok(())
diff --git a/crates/rustic_core/src/commands/forget.rs b/crates/rustic_core/src/commands/forget.rs
index aaeba767a..76eb27a69 100644
--- a/crates/rustic_core/src/commands/forget.rs
+++ b/crates/rustic_core/src/commands/forget.rs
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ use serde::Deserialize;
 use serde_with::{serde_as, DisplayFromStr};
 
 use crate::{
-    Id, OpenRepository, ProgressBars, RusticResult, SnapshotFile, SnapshotGroup,
+    repository::Open, Id, ProgressBars, Repository, RusticResult, SnapshotFile, SnapshotGroup,
     SnapshotGroupCriterion, StringList,
 };
 
@@ -41,8 +41,8 @@ impl ForgetGroups {
     }
 }
 
-pub(crate) fn get_forget_snapshots<P: ProgressBars>(
-    repo: &OpenRepository<P>,
+pub(crate) fn get_forget_snapshots<P: ProgressBars, S: Open>(
+    repo: &Repository<P, S>,
     keep: &KeepOptions,
     group_by: SnapshotGroupCriterion,
     filter: impl FnMut(&SnapshotFile) -> bool,
diff --git a/crates/rustic_core/src/commands/prune.rs b/crates/rustic_core/src/commands/prune.rs
index bfaa53cd9..bffa5bea9 100644
--- a/crates/rustic_core/src/commands/prune.rs
+++ b/crates/rustic_core/src/commands/prune.rs
@@ -19,11 +19,11 @@ use itertools::Itertools;
 use rayon::prelude::{IntoParallelIterator, ParallelIterator};
 
 use crate::{
-    error::CommandErrorKind, BlobType, BlobTypeMap, DecryptReadBackend, DecryptWriteBackend,
-    FileType, HeaderEntry, Id, IndexBackend, IndexBlob, IndexCollector, IndexFile, IndexPack,
-    IndexType, IndexedBackend, Indexer, Initialize, NodeType, OpenRepository, PackSizer, Progress,
-    ProgressBars, ReadBackend, ReadIndex, Repacker, RusticResult, SnapshotFile, Sum,
-    TreeStreamerOnce,
+    error::CommandErrorKind, repository::Open, BlobType, BlobTypeMap, DecryptReadBackend,
+    DecryptWriteBackend, FileType, HeaderEntry, Id, IndexBackend, IndexBlob, IndexCollector,
+    IndexFile, IndexPack, IndexType, IndexedBackend, Indexer, Initialize, NodeType, PackSizer,
+    Progress, ProgressBars, ReadBackend, ReadIndex, Repacker, Repository, RusticResult,
+    SnapshotFile, Sum, TreeStreamerOnce,
 };
 
 pub(super) mod constants {
@@ -115,11 +115,14 @@ impl Default for PruneOpts {
 }
 
 impl PruneOpts {
-    pub fn get_plan<P: ProgressBars>(&self, repo: &OpenRepository<P>) -> RusticResult<PrunePlan> {
+    pub fn get_plan<P: ProgressBars, S: Open>(
+        &self,
+        repo: &Repository<P, S>,
+    ) -> RusticResult<PrunePlan> {
         let pb = &repo.pb;
-        let be = &repo.dbe;
+        let be = repo.dbe();
 
-        if repo.config.version < 2 && self.repack_uncompressed {
+        if repo.config().version < 2 && self.repack_uncompressed {
             return Err(CommandErrorKind::RepackUncompressedRepoV1.into());
         }
 
@@ -158,9 +161,9 @@ impl PruneOpts {
         pruner.check()?;
         let repack_cacheable_only = self
             .repack_cacheable_only
-            .unwrap_or_else(|| repo.config.is_hot == Some(true));
+            .unwrap_or_else(|| repo.config().is_hot == Some(true));
         let pack_sizer =
-            total_size.map(|tpe, size| PackSizer::from_config(&repo.config, tpe, size));
+            total_size.map(|tpe, size| PackSizer::from_config(repo.config(), tpe, size));
         pruner.decide_packs(
             Duration::from_std(*self.keep_pack).map_err(CommandErrorKind::FromOutOfRangeError)?,
             Duration::from_std(*self.keep_delete).map_err(CommandErrorKind::FromOutOfRangeError)?,
@@ -745,13 +748,13 @@ impl PrunePlan {
     }
 
     #[allow(clippy::significant_drop_tightening)]
-    pub fn do_prune<P: ProgressBars>(
+    pub fn do_prune<P: ProgressBars, S: Open>(
         self,
-        repo: &OpenRepository<P>,
+        repo: &Repository<P, S>,
         opts: &PruneOpts,
     ) -> RusticResult<()> {
         repo.warm_up_wait(self.repack_packs().into_iter())?;
-        let be = &repo.dbe;
+        let be = repo.dbe();
         let pb = &repo.pb;
 
         let indexer = Indexer::new_unindexed(be.clone()).into_shared();
@@ -776,7 +779,7 @@ impl PrunePlan {
             be.clone(),
             BlobType::Tree,
             indexer.clone(),
-            &repo.config,
+            repo.config(),
             size_after_prune[BlobType::Tree],
         )?;
 
@@ -784,7 +787,7 @@ impl PrunePlan {
             be.clone(),
             BlobType::Data,
             indexer.clone(),
-            &repo.config,
+            repo.config(),
             size_after_prune[BlobType::Data],
         )?;
 
@@ -1050,7 +1053,7 @@ impl PackInfo {
 
 // find used blobs in repo
 fn find_used_blobs(
-    index: &(impl IndexedBackend + Unpin),
+    index: &impl IndexedBackend,
     ignore_snaps: &[Id],
     pb: &impl ProgressBars,
 ) -> RusticResult<HashMap<Id, u8>> {
diff --git a/crates/rustic_core/src/commands/repoinfo.rs b/crates/rustic_core/src/commands/repoinfo.rs
index 3d4197e02..b8117bed1 100644
--- a/crates/rustic_core/src/commands/repoinfo.rs
+++ b/crates/rustic_core/src/commands/repoinfo.rs
@@ -3,8 +3,9 @@ use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 use crate::{
     index::IndexEntry,
     repofile::indexfile::{IndexFile, IndexPack},
-    BlobType, BlobTypeMap, DecryptReadBackend, FileType, OpenRepository, Progress, ProgressBars,
-    ReadBackend, Repository, RusticResult, ALL_FILE_TYPES,
+    repository::Open,
+    BlobType, BlobTypeMap, DecryptReadBackend, FileType, Progress, ProgressBars, ReadBackend,
+    Repository, RusticResult, ALL_FILE_TYPES,
 };
 
 #[derive(Default, Clone, Debug, Serialize, Deserialize)]
@@ -53,8 +54,8 @@ impl PackInfo {
     }
 }
 
-pub(crate) fn collect_index_infos<P: ProgressBars>(
-    repo: &OpenRepository<P>,
+pub(crate) fn collect_index_infos<P: ProgressBars, S: Open>(
+    repo: &Repository<P, S>,
 ) -> RusticResult<IndexInfos> {
     let mut blob_info = BlobTypeMap::<()>::default().map(|blob_type, _| BlobInfo {
         blob_type,
@@ -72,7 +73,7 @@ pub(crate) fn collect_index_infos<P: ProgressBars>(
     let mut pack_info_delete = pack_info;
 
     let p = repo.pb.progress_counter("scanning index...");
-    for index in repo.dbe.stream_all::<IndexFile>(&p)? {
+    for index in repo.dbe().stream_all::<IndexFile>(&p)? {
         let index = index?.1;
         for pack in &index.packs {
             let tpe = pack.blob_type();
@@ -130,7 +131,9 @@ pub(crate) fn collect_file_info(be: &impl ReadBackend) -> RusticResult<Vec<RepoF
     Ok(files)
 }
 
-pub fn collect_file_infos<P: ProgressBars>(repo: &Repository<P>) -> RusticResult<RepoFileInfos> {
+pub fn collect_file_infos<P: ProgressBars, S>(
+    repo: &Repository<P, S>,
+) -> RusticResult<RepoFileInfos> {
     let p = repo.pb.progress_spinner("scanning files...");
     let files = collect_file_info(&repo.be)?;
     let files_hot = repo.be_hot.as_ref().map(collect_file_info).transpose()?;
diff --git a/crates/rustic_core/src/commands/snapshots.rs b/crates/rustic_core/src/commands/snapshots.rs
index 3d9211be1..58b3925a0 100644
--- a/crates/rustic_core/src/commands/snapshots.rs
+++ b/crates/rustic_core/src/commands/snapshots.rs
@@ -1,35 +1,35 @@
 //! `smapshot` subcommand
 
 use crate::{
-    OpenRepository, ProgressBars, RusticResult, SnapshotFile, SnapshotGroup, SnapshotGroupCriterion,
+    repository::Open, ProgressBars, Repository, RusticResult, SnapshotFile, SnapshotGroup,
+    SnapshotGroupCriterion,
 };
 
-pub(crate) fn get_snapshot_group<P: ProgressBars>(
-    repo: &OpenRepository<P>,
+pub(crate) fn get_snapshot_group<P: ProgressBars, S: Open>(
+    repo: &Repository<P, S>,
     ids: &[String],
     group_by: SnapshotGroupCriterion,
     filter: impl FnMut(&SnapshotFile) -> bool,
 ) -> RusticResult<Vec<(SnapshotGroup, Vec<SnapshotFile>)>> {
     let pb = &repo.pb;
+    let dbe = repo.dbe();
     let p = pb.progress_counter("getting snapshots...");
     let groups = match ids {
-        [] => SnapshotFile::group_from_backend(&repo.dbe, filter, group_by, &p)?,
-        [id] if id == "latest" => {
-            SnapshotFile::group_from_backend(&repo.dbe, filter, group_by, &p)?
-                .into_iter()
-                .map(|(group, mut snaps)| {
-                    snaps.sort_unstable();
-                    let last_idx = snaps.len() - 1;
-                    snaps.swap(0, last_idx);
-                    snaps.truncate(1);
-                    (group, snaps)
-                })
-                .collect::<Vec<_>>()
-        }
+        [] => SnapshotFile::group_from_backend(dbe, filter, group_by, &p)?,
+        [id] if id == "latest" => SnapshotFile::group_from_backend(dbe, filter, group_by, &p)?
+            .into_iter()
+            .map(|(group, mut snaps)| {
+                snaps.sort_unstable();
+                let last_idx = snaps.len() - 1;
+                snaps.swap(0, last_idx);
+                snaps.truncate(1);
+                (group, snaps)
+            })
+            .collect::<Vec<_>>(),
         _ => {
             let item = (
                 SnapshotGroup::default(),
-                SnapshotFile::from_ids(&repo.dbe, ids, &p)?,
+                SnapshotFile::from_ids(dbe, ids, &p)?,
             );
             vec![item]
         }
diff --git a/crates/rustic_core/src/lib.rs b/crates/rustic_core/src/lib.rs
index 72ed03617..a87674771 100644
--- a/crates/rustic_core/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/rustic_core/src/lib.rs
@@ -147,5 +147,5 @@ pub use crate::{
         },
         RepoFile,
     },
-    repository::{read_password_from_reader, OpenRepository, Repository, RepositoryOptions},
+    repository::{read_password_from_reader, Open, OpenStatus, Repository, RepositoryOptions},
 };
diff --git a/crates/rustic_core/src/repository.rs b/crates/rustic_core/src/repository.rs
index 4080ee1ce..97dbe22d1 100644
--- a/crates/rustic_core/src/repository.rs
+++ b/crates/rustic_core/src/repository.rs
@@ -37,8 +37,9 @@ use crate::{
     crypto::aespoly1305::Key,
     error::RepositoryErrorKind,
     repofile::{configfile::ConfigFile, keyfile::find_key_in_backend},
-    BlobType, Id, IndexBackend, NoProgressBars, Node, ProgressBars, PruneOpts, PrunePlan,
-    RusticResult, SnapshotFile, SnapshotGroup, SnapshotGroupCriterion, Tree,
+    BlobType, DecryptFullBackend, Id, IndexBackend, IndexedBackend, NoProgressBars, Node,
+    ProgressBars, PruneOpts, PrunePlan, RusticResult, SnapshotFile, SnapshotGroup,
+    SnapshotGroupCriterion, Tree,
 };
 
 pub(super) mod constants {
@@ -176,21 +177,22 @@ pub fn read_password_from_reader(file: &mut impl BufRead) -> RusticResult<String
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
-pub struct Repository<P> {
+pub struct Repository<P, S> {
     name: String,
     pub be: HotColdBackend<ChooseBackend>,
     pub be_hot: Option<ChooseBackend>,
     opts: RepositoryOptions,
     pub(crate) pb: P,
+    status: S,
 }
 
-impl Repository<NoProgressBars> {
+impl Repository<NoProgressBars, ()> {
     pub fn new(opts: &RepositoryOptions) -> RusticResult<Self> {
         Self::new_with_progress(opts, NoProgressBars {})
     }
 }
 
-impl<P> Repository<P> {
+impl<P> Repository<P, ()> {
     pub fn new_with_progress(opts: &RepositoryOptions, pb: P) -> RusticResult<Self> {
         let be = match &opts.repository {
             Some(repo) => ChooseBackend::from_url(repo)?,
@@ -226,6 +228,7 @@ impl<P> Repository<P> {
             be_hot,
             opts: opts.clone(),
             pb,
+            status: (),
         })
     }
 
@@ -276,7 +279,7 @@ impl<P> Repository<P> {
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn open(self) -> RusticResult<OpenRepository<P>> {
+    pub fn open(self) -> RusticResult<Repository<P, OpenStatus>> {
         let config_ids = match self.be.list(FileType::Config) {
             Ok(val) => val,
             Err(_e) => return Err(RepositoryErrorKind::ListingRepositoryConfigFileFailed.into()),
@@ -320,24 +323,35 @@ impl<P> Repository<P> {
         let zstd = config.zstd()?;
         dbe.set_zstd(zstd);
 
-        Ok(OpenRepository {
-            name: self.name,
+        let open = OpenStatus {
             key,
             dbe,
             cache,
+            config,
+        };
+
+        Ok(Repository {
+            name: self.name,
             be: self.be,
             be_hot: self.be_hot,
-            config,
             opts: self.opts,
             pb: self.pb,
+            status: open,
         })
     }
 }
 
-impl<P: ProgressBars> Repository<P> {
+impl<P: ProgressBars, S> Repository<P, S> {
     pub fn infos_files(&self) -> RusticResult<RepoFileInfos> {
         commands::repoinfo::collect_file_infos(self)
     }
+    pub fn warm_up(&self, packs: impl ExactSizeIterator<Item = Id>) -> RusticResult<()> {
+        warm_up(self, packs)
+    }
+
+    pub fn warm_up_wait(&self, packs: impl ExactSizeIterator<Item = Id>) -> RusticResult<()> {
+        warm_up_wait(self, packs)
+    }
 }
 
 pub(crate) fn get_key(be: &impl ReadBackend, password: Option<String>) -> RusticResult<Key> {
@@ -366,20 +380,56 @@ pub(crate) fn get_key(be: &impl ReadBackend, password: Option<String>) -> Rustic
     Err(RepositoryErrorKind::IncorrectPassword.into())
 }
 
+pub trait Open {
+    type DBE: DecryptFullBackend;
+    fn key(&self) -> &Key;
+    fn cache(&self) -> Option<&Cache>;
+    fn dbe(&self) -> &Self::DBE;
+    fn config(&self) -> &ConfigFile;
+}
+
+impl<P, S: Open> Open for Repository<P, S> {
+    type DBE = S::DBE;
+    fn key(&self) -> &Key {
+        self.status.key()
+    }
+    fn cache(&self) -> Option<&Cache> {
+        self.status.cache()
+    }
+    fn dbe(&self) -> &Self::DBE {
+        self.status.dbe()
+    }
+    fn config(&self) -> &ConfigFile {
+        self.status.config()
+    }
+}
+
 #[derive(Debug)]
-pub struct OpenRepository<P> {
-    pub name: String,
-    pub be: HotColdBackend<ChooseBackend>,
-    pub be_hot: Option<ChooseBackend>,
-    pub key: Key,
-    pub cache: Option<Cache>,
-    pub dbe: DecryptBackend<CachedBackend<HotColdBackend<ChooseBackend>>, Key>,
-    pub config: ConfigFile,
-    pub opts: RepositoryOptions,
-    pub(crate) pb: P,
+pub struct OpenStatus {
+    key: Key,
+    cache: Option<Cache>,
+    dbe: DecryptBackend<CachedBackend<HotColdBackend<ChooseBackend>>, Key>,
+    config: ConfigFile,
+}
+
+impl Open for OpenStatus {
+    type DBE = DecryptBackend<CachedBackend<HotColdBackend<ChooseBackend>>, Key>;
+
+    fn key(&self) -> &Key {
+        &self.key
+    }
+    fn cache(&self) -> Option<&Cache> {
+        self.cache.as_ref()
+    }
+    fn dbe(&self) -> &Self::DBE {
+        &self.dbe
+    }
+    fn config(&self) -> &ConfigFile {
+        &self.config
+    }
 }
 
-impl<P: ProgressBars> OpenRepository<P> {
+impl<P: ProgressBars, S: Open> Repository<P, S> {
     pub fn get_snapshot_group(
         &self,
         ids: &[String],
@@ -391,7 +441,7 @@ impl<P: ProgressBars> OpenRepository<P> {
 
     pub fn get_snapshots(&self, ids: &[String]) -> RusticResult<Vec<SnapshotFile>> {
         let p = self.pb.progress_counter("getting snapshots...");
-        SnapshotFile::from_ids(&self.dbe, ids, &p)
+        SnapshotFile::from_ids(self.dbe(), ids, &p)
     }
 
     pub fn get_forget_snapshots(
@@ -405,7 +455,7 @@ impl<P: ProgressBars> OpenRepository<P> {
 
     pub fn delete_snapshots(&self, ids: &[Id]) -> RusticResult<()> {
         let p = self.pb.progress_counter("removing snapshots...");
-        self.dbe
+        self.dbe()
             .delete_list(FileType::Snapshot, true, ids.iter(), p)?;
         Ok(())
     }
@@ -422,32 +472,71 @@ impl<P: ProgressBars> OpenRepository<P> {
         opts.get_plan(self)
     }
 
-    pub fn to_indexed(self) -> RusticResult<IndexedRepository<P>> {
-        let index = IndexBackend::new(&self.dbe, &self.pb.progress_counter(""))?;
-        Ok(IndexedRepository { repo: self, index })
+    pub fn to_indexed(self) -> RusticResult<Repository<P, IndexedStatus<S>>> {
+        let index = IndexBackend::new(self.dbe(), &self.pb.progress_counter(""))?;
+        let status = IndexedStatus {
+            open: self.status,
+            index,
+        };
+        Ok(Repository {
+            name: self.name,
+            be: self.be,
+            be_hot: self.be_hot,
+            opts: self.opts,
+            pb: self.pb,
+            status,
+        })
     }
 
     pub fn infos_index(&self) -> RusticResult<IndexInfos> {
         commands::repoinfo::collect_index_infos(self)
     }
+}
 
-    pub fn warm_up(&self, packs: impl ExactSizeIterator<Item = Id>) -> RusticResult<()> {
-        warm_up(self, packs)
-    }
+pub trait Indexed: Open {
+    type I: IndexedBackend;
+    fn index(&self) -> &Self::I;
+}
 
-    pub fn warm_up_wait(&self, packs: impl ExactSizeIterator<Item = Id>) -> RusticResult<()> {
-        warm_up_wait(self, packs)
+impl<P, S: Indexed> Indexed for Repository<P, S> {
+    type I = S::I;
+    fn index(&self) -> &Self::I {
+        self.status.index()
     }
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
-pub struct IndexedRepository<P> {
-    pub(crate) repo: OpenRepository<P>,
-    pub(crate) index:
-        IndexBackend<DecryptBackend<CachedBackend<HotColdBackend<ChooseBackend>>, Key>>,
+pub struct IndexedStatus<S: Open> {
+    open: S,
+    index: IndexBackend<S::DBE>,
+}
+
+impl<S: Open> Indexed for IndexedStatus<S> {
+    type I = IndexBackend<S::DBE>;
+
+    fn index(&self) -> &Self::I {
+        &self.index
+    }
+}
+
+impl<S: Open> Open for IndexedStatus<S> {
+    type DBE = S::DBE;
+
+    fn key(&self) -> &Key {
+        self.open.key()
+    }
+    fn cache(&self) -> Option<&Cache> {
+        self.open.cache()
+    }
+    fn dbe(&self) -> &Self::DBE {
+        self.open.dbe()
+    }
+    fn config(&self) -> &ConfigFile {
+        self.open.config()
+    }
 }
 
-impl<P: ProgressBars> IndexedRepository<P> {
+impl<P: ProgressBars, S: Indexed> Repository<P, S> {
     pub fn node_from_snapshot_path(
         &self,
         snap_path: &str,
@@ -455,10 +544,10 @@ impl<P: ProgressBars> IndexedRepository<P> {
     ) -> RusticResult<Node> {
         let (id, path) = snap_path.split_once(':').unwrap_or((snap_path, ""));
 
-        let p = &self.repo.pb.progress_counter("getting snapshot...");
-        let snap = SnapshotFile::from_str(&self.repo.dbe, id, filter, p)?;
+        let p = &self.pb.progress_counter("getting snapshot...");
+        let snap = SnapshotFile::from_str(self.dbe(), id, filter, p)?;
 
-        Tree::node_from_path(&self.index, snap.tree, Path::new(path))
+        Tree::node_from_path(self.index(), snap.tree, Path::new(path))
     }
 
     pub fn cat_blob(&self, tpe: BlobType, id: &str) -> RusticResult<Bytes> {
diff --git a/crates/rustic_core/src/repository/warm_up.rs b/crates/rustic_core/src/repository/warm_up.rs
index 433005cd0..7c70ca020 100644
--- a/crates/rustic_core/src/repository/warm_up.rs
+++ b/crates/rustic_core/src/repository/warm_up.rs
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ use rayon::ThreadPoolBuilder;
 
 use super::parse_command;
 use crate::{
-    error::RepositoryErrorKind, FileType, Id, OpenRepository, Progress, ProgressBars, ReadBackend,
+    error::RepositoryErrorKind, FileType, Id, Progress, ProgressBars, ReadBackend, Repository,
     RusticResult,
 };
 
@@ -14,8 +14,8 @@ pub(super) mod constants {
     pub(super) const MAX_READER_THREADS_NUM: usize = 20;
 }
 
-pub(crate) fn warm_up_wait<P: ProgressBars>(
-    repo: &OpenRepository<P>,
+pub(crate) fn warm_up_wait<P: ProgressBars, S>(
+    repo: &Repository<P, S>,
     packs: impl ExactSizeIterator<Item = Id>,
 ) -> RusticResult<()> {
     warm_up(repo, packs)?;
@@ -27,8 +27,8 @@ pub(crate) fn warm_up_wait<P: ProgressBars>(
     Ok(())
 }
 
-pub(crate) fn warm_up<P: ProgressBars>(
-    repo: &OpenRepository<P>,
+pub(crate) fn warm_up<P: ProgressBars, S>(
+    repo: &Repository<P, S>,
     packs: impl ExactSizeIterator<Item = Id>,
 ) -> RusticResult<()> {
     if let Some(command) = &repo.opts.warm_up_command {
@@ -61,8 +61,8 @@ fn warm_up_command<P: ProgressBars>(
     Ok(())
 }
 
-fn warm_up_access<P: ProgressBars>(
-    repo: &OpenRepository<P>,
+fn warm_up_access<P: ProgressBars, S>(
+    repo: &Repository<P, S>,
     packs: impl ExactSizeIterator<Item = Id>,
 ) -> RusticResult<()> {
     let mut be = repo.be.clone();
diff --git a/src/commands.rs b/src/commands.rs
index 731284c52..26f0b045a 100644
--- a/src/commands.rs
+++ b/src/commands.rs
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ use crate::{
 use abscissa_core::{
     config::Override, status_err, Command, Configurable, FrameworkError, Runnable, Shutdown,
 };
-use rustic_core::{OpenRepository, Repository};
+use rustic_core::{OpenStatus, Repository};
 
 /// Rustic Subcommands
 /// Subcommands need to be listed in an enum.
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ impl Configurable<RusticConfig> for EntryPoint {
     }
 }
 
-fn open_repository<P>(repo: Repository<P>) -> OpenRepository<P> {
+fn open_repository<P>(repo: Repository<P, ()>) -> Repository<P, OpenStatus> {
     match repo.open() {
         Ok(it) => it,
         Err(err) => {
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ fn open_repository<P>(repo: Repository<P>) -> OpenRepository<P> {
     }
 }
 
-fn get_repository(config: &Arc<RusticConfig>) -> Repository<ProgressOptions> {
+fn get_repository(config: &Arc<RusticConfig>) -> Repository<ProgressOptions, ()> {
     let po = config.global.progress_options;
     match Repository::new_with_progress(&config.repository, po) {
         Ok(it) => it,
diff --git a/src/commands/backup.rs b/src/commands/backup.rs
index 26293087b..6a81ea0d7 100644
--- a/src/commands/backup.rs
+++ b/src/commands/backup.rs
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ use serde::Deserialize;
 
 use rustic_core::{
     Archiver, DryRunBackend, IndexBackend, LocalSource, LocalSourceFilterOptions,
-    LocalSourceSaveOptions, PathList, ProgressBars, SnapshotFile, SnapshotGroup,
+    LocalSourceSaveOptions, Open, PathList, ProgressBars, SnapshotFile, SnapshotGroup,
     SnapshotGroupCriterion, SnapshotOptions, StdinSource,
 };
 
@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ impl BackupCmd {
         };
 
         let index =
-            IndexBackend::only_full_trees(&repo.dbe, &progress_options.progress_counter(""))?;
+            IndexBackend::only_full_trees(repo.dbe(), &progress_options.progress_counter(""))?;
 
         for source in sources {
             let mut opts = self.clone();
@@ -230,7 +230,7 @@ impl BackupCmd {
             // merge "backup" section from config file, if given
             opts.merge(config.backup.clone());
 
-            let be = DryRunBackend::new(repo.dbe.clone(), config.global.dry_run);
+            let be = DryRunBackend::new(repo.dbe().clone(), config.global.dry_run);
             info!("starting to backup {source}...");
             let as_path = opts.as_path.map(|p| {
                 match p.parse_dot() {
@@ -283,7 +283,7 @@ impl BackupCmd {
             let archiver = Archiver::new(
                 be,
                 index,
-                &repo.config,
+                repo.config(),
                 parent_tree,
                 opts.ignore_ctime,
                 opts.ignore_inode,
diff --git a/src/commands/config.rs b/src/commands/config.rs
index b8c811c2d..3e13d008e 100644
--- a/src/commands/config.rs
+++ b/src/commands/config.rs
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ use abscissa_core::{Command, Runnable, Shutdown};
 use anyhow::{bail, Result};
 use bytesize::ByteSize;
 
-use rustic_core::{ConfigFile, DecryptBackend, DecryptWriteBackend};
+use rustic_core::{ConfigFile, DecryptBackend, DecryptWriteBackend, Open};
 
 /// `config` subcommand
 #[derive(clap::Parser, Command, Debug)]
@@ -33,23 +33,24 @@ impl Runnable for ConfigCmd {
 impl ConfigCmd {
     fn inner_run(&self) -> Result<()> {
         let config = RUSTIC_APP.config();
-        let mut repo = open_repository(get_repository(&config));
+        let repo = open_repository(get_repository(&config));
 
-        let mut new_config = repo.config.clone();
+        let mut new_config = repo.config().clone();
         self.config_opts.apply(&mut new_config)?;
 
-        if new_config == repo.config {
+        if &new_config == repo.config() {
             println!("config is unchanged");
         } else {
             new_config.is_hot = None;
             // don't compress the config file
-            repo.dbe.set_zstd(None);
+            let mut dbe = repo.dbe().clone();
+            dbe.set_zstd(None);
             // for hot/cold backend, this only saves the config to the cold repo.
-            _ = repo.dbe.save_file(&new_config)?;
+            _ = dbe.save_file(&new_config)?;
 
-            if let Some(hot_be) = repo.be_hot {
+            if let Some(hot_be) = repo.be_hot.clone() {
                 // save config to hot repo
-                let mut dbe = DecryptBackend::new(&hot_be, repo.key);
+                let mut dbe = DecryptBackend::new(&hot_be, *repo.key());
                 // don't compress the config file
                 dbe.set_zstd(None);
                 new_config.is_hot = Some(true);
diff --git a/src/commands/copy.rs b/src/commands/copy.rs
index 0ff7cee51..32380bacf 100644
--- a/src/commands/copy.rs
+++ b/src/commands/copy.rs
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ use serde::Deserialize;
 
 use crate::commands::key::KeyOpts;
 use rustic_core::{
-    FileType, Id, IndexBackend, ProgressBars, ReadBackend, Repository, RepositoryOptions,
+    FileType, Id, IndexBackend, Open, ProgressBars, ReadBackend, Repository, RepositoryOptions,
     SnapshotFile,
 };
 
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ impl CopyCmd {
             RUSTIC_APP.shutdown(Shutdown::Crash);
         }
 
-        let be = &repo.dbe;
+        let be = repo.dbe();
         let p = config.global.progress_options.progress_hidden();
         let mut snapshots = if self.ids.is_empty() {
             SnapshotFile::all_from_backend(be, |sn| config.snapshot_filter.matches(sn), &p)?
@@ -71,16 +71,15 @@ impl CopyCmd {
         // sort for nicer output
         snapshots.sort_unstable();
 
-        let be = &repo.dbe;
         let index = IndexBackend::new(be, &config.global.progress_options.progress_counter(""))?;
 
-        let poly = repo.config.poly()?;
+        let poly = repo.config().poly()?;
 
         for target_opt in &config.copy.targets {
             let repo_dest = Repository::new(target_opt)?;
 
             if self.init && repo_dest.be.list(FileType::Config)?.is_empty() {
-                let mut config_dest = repo.config.clone();
+                let mut config_dest = repo.config().clone();
                 config_dest.id = Id::random();
                 save_config(
                     config_dest,
@@ -92,8 +91,8 @@ impl CopyCmd {
             }
 
             let repo_dest = repo_dest.open()?;
-            info!("copying to target {}...", repo_dest.name);
-            if poly != repo_dest.config.poly()? {
+            info!("copying to target {:?}...", repo_dest); // TODO: repo_dest.name
+            if poly != repo_dest.config().poly()? {
                 bail!("cannot copy to repository with different chunker parameter (re-chunking not implemented)!");
             }
             copy(&snapshots, &index, &repo_dest)?;
diff --git a/src/commands/diff.rs b/src/commands/diff.rs
index b1c6e42fc..0614718e5 100644
--- a/src/commands/diff.rs
+++ b/src/commands/diff.rs
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ use anyhow::{anyhow, bail, Context, Result};
 
 use rustic_core::{
     hash, IndexBackend, LocalDestination, LocalSource, LocalSourceFilterOptions,
-    LocalSourceSaveOptions, Node, NodeStreamer, NodeType, Progress, ProgressBars, ReadIndex,
+    LocalSourceSaveOptions, Node, NodeStreamer, NodeType, Open, Progress, ProgressBars, ReadIndex,
     ReadSourceEntry, RusticResult, SnapshotFile, Tree,
 };
 
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ impl DiffCmd {
 
         let repo = open_repository(get_repository(&config));
 
-        let be = &repo.dbe;
+        let be = repo.dbe();
         let (id1, path1) = arg_to_snap_path(&self.snap1, "");
         let (id2, path2) = arg_to_snap_path(&self.snap2, path1);
 
diff --git a/src/commands/key.rs b/src/commands/key.rs
index 94607ab20..132558c06 100644
--- a/src/commands/key.rs
+++ b/src/commands/key.rs
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ use std::{fs::File, io::BufReader};
 
 use dialoguer::Password;
 
-use rustic_core::{hash, read_password_from_reader, FileType, KeyFile, WriteBackend};
+use rustic_core::{hash, read_password_from_reader, FileType, KeyFile, Open, WriteBackend};
 
 /// `key` subcommand
 #[derive(clap::Parser, Command, Debug)]
@@ -75,8 +75,8 @@ impl AddCmd {
 
         let repo = open_repository(get_repository(&config));
 
-        let be = &repo.dbe;
-        let key = repo.key;
+        let be = repo.dbe();
+        let key = repo.key();
 
         let pass = self.new_password_file.as_ref().map_or_else(
             || match Password::new()
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ impl AddCmd {
             },
         );
         let ko = self.key_opts.clone();
-        let keyfile = KeyFile::generate(key, &pass, ko.hostname, ko.username, ko.with_created)?;
+        let keyfile = KeyFile::generate(*key, &pass, ko.hostname, ko.username, ko.with_created)?;
         let data = serde_json::to_vec(&keyfile)?;
         let id = hash(&data);
         be.write_bytes(FileType::Key, &id, false, data.into())?;
diff --git a/src/commands/list.rs b/src/commands/list.rs
index e9b6d1ec7..eae7d5163 100644
--- a/src/commands/list.rs
+++ b/src/commands/list.rs
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ use abscissa_core::{Command, Runnable, Shutdown};
 
 use anyhow::{bail, Result};
 
-use rustic_core::{DecryptReadBackend, FileType, IndexFile, ProgressBars, ReadBackend};
+use rustic_core::{DecryptReadBackend, FileType, IndexFile, Open, ProgressBars, ReadBackend};
 
 /// `list` subcommand
 #[derive(clap::Parser, Command, Debug)]
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ impl ListCmd {
         let tpe = match self.tpe.as_str() {
             // special treatment for listing blobs: read the index and display it
             "blobs" => {
-                repo.dbe
+                repo.dbe()
                     .stream_all::<IndexFile>(&config.global.progress_options.progress_hidden())?
                     .into_iter()
                     .for_each(|index| {
diff --git a/src/commands/ls.rs b/src/commands/ls.rs
index 8558ce9e8..d45deee39 100644
--- a/src/commands/ls.rs
+++ b/src/commands/ls.rs
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ use anyhow::Result;
 use std::path::Path;
 
 use rustic_core::{
-    IndexBackend, NodeStreamer, ProgressBars, SnapshotFile, Tree, TreeStreamerOptions,
+    IndexBackend, NodeStreamer, Open, ProgressBars, SnapshotFile, Tree, TreeStreamerOptions,
 };
 
 /// `ls` subcommand
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ impl LsCmd {
 
         let repo = open_repository(get_repository(&config));
 
-        let be = &repo.dbe;
+        let be = repo.dbe();
         let mut recursive = self.recursive;
 
         let (id, path) = self.snap.split_once(':').unwrap_or_else(|| {
diff --git a/src/commands/merge.rs b/src/commands/merge.rs
index 3904ea16b..e2156fb24 100644
--- a/src/commands/merge.rs
+++ b/src/commands/merge.rs
@@ -13,8 +13,8 @@ use log::info;
 use chrono::Local;
 
 use rustic_core::{
-    merge_trees, BlobType, DecryptWriteBackend, FileType, Id, IndexBackend, Indexer, Node, Packer,
-    PathList, Progress, ProgressBars, ReadIndex, SnapshotFile, SnapshotOptions, Tree,
+    merge_trees, BlobType, DecryptWriteBackend, FileType, Id, IndexBackend, Indexer, Node, Open,
+    Packer, PathList, Progress, ProgressBars, ReadIndex, SnapshotFile, SnapshotOptions, Tree,
 };
 
 /// `merge` subcommand
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ impl MergeCmd {
 
         let repo = open_repository(get_repository(&config));
 
-        let be = &repo.dbe;
+        let be = repo.dbe();
 
         let p = progress_options.progress_hidden();
         let snapshots = if self.ids.is_empty() {
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ impl MergeCmd {
             be.clone(),
             BlobType::Tree,
             indexer.clone(),
-            &repo.config,
+            repo.config(),
             index.total_size(BlobType::Tree),
         )?;
 
diff --git a/src/commands/repair.rs b/src/commands/repair.rs
index 5ebfa85e5..775109dd9 100644
--- a/src/commands/repair.rs
+++ b/src/commands/repair.rs
@@ -15,8 +15,8 @@ use anyhow::Result;
 
 use rustic_core::{
     BlobType, DecryptReadBackend, DecryptWriteBackend, FileType, Id, IndexBackend, IndexFile,
-    IndexPack, IndexedBackend, Indexer, NodeType, PackHeader, PackHeaderRef, Packer, Progress,
-    ProgressBars, ReadBackend, ReadIndex, SnapshotFile, StringList, Tree, WriteBackend,
+    IndexPack, IndexedBackend, Indexer, NodeType, Open, PackHeader, PackHeaderRef, Packer,
+    Progress, ProgressBars, ReadBackend, ReadIndex, SnapshotFile, StringList, Tree, WriteBackend,
 };
 
 /// `repair` subcommand
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ impl IndexSubCmd {
 
         let repo = open_repository(get_repository(&config));
 
-        let be = &repo.dbe;
+        let be = repo.dbe();
         let p = progress_options.progress_spinner("listing packs...");
         let mut packs: HashMap<_, _> = be.list_with_size(FileType::Pack)?.into_iter().collect();
         p.finish();
@@ -237,8 +237,8 @@ impl SnapSubCmd {
 
         let repo = open_repository(get_repository(&config));
 
-        let be = &repo.dbe;
-        let config_file = &repo.config;
+        let be = repo.dbe();
+        let config_file = repo.config();
 
         let p = progress_options.progress_hidden();
         let snapshots = if self.ids.is_empty() {
diff --git a/src/commands/restore.rs b/src/commands/restore.rs
index 568771b86..3a9c75027 100644
--- a/src/commands/restore.rs
+++ b/src/commands/restore.rs
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ use rayon::ThreadPoolBuilder;
 
 use rustic_core::{
     hash, DecryptReadBackend, FileType, Id, IndexBackend, IndexedBackend, LocalDestination, Node,
-    NodeStreamer, NodeType, Progress, ProgressBars, RestoreStats, SnapshotFile, Tree,
+    NodeStreamer, NodeType, Open, Progress, ProgressBars, RestoreStats, SnapshotFile, Tree,
     TreeStreamerOptions,
 };
 
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ impl RestoreCmd {
         let config = RUSTIC_APP.config();
         let progress_options = &config.global.progress_options;
         let repo = open_repository(get_repository(&config));
-        let be = &repo.dbe;
+        let be = repo.dbe();
 
         let (id, path) = self.snap.split_once(':').unwrap_or((&self.snap, ""));
         let snap = SnapshotFile::from_str(
diff --git a/src/commands/tag.rs b/src/commands/tag.rs
index 14a26d065..1836884e1 100644
--- a/src/commands/tag.rs
+++ b/src/commands/tag.rs
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ use abscissa_core::{Command, Runnable, Shutdown};
 use chrono::{Duration, Local};
 
 use rustic_core::{
-    DecryptWriteBackend, DeleteOption, FileType, Id, ProgressBars, SnapshotFile, StringList,
+    DecryptWriteBackend, DeleteOption, FileType, Id, Open, ProgressBars, SnapshotFile, StringList,
 };
 
 /// `tag` subcommand
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ impl TagCmd {
         let config = RUSTIC_APP.config();
         let repo = open_repository(get_repository(&config));
 
-        let be = &repo.dbe;
+        let be = repo.dbe();
 
         let p = config.global.progress_options.progress_hidden();
         let snapshots = if self.ids.is_empty() {
diff --git a/src/helpers.rs b/src/helpers.rs
index 8375cb6e1..9fb22039d 100644
--- a/src/helpers.rs
+++ b/src/helpers.rs
@@ -11,19 +11,19 @@ use log::{info, trace};
 use rayon::prelude::{IntoParallelRefIterator, ParallelBridge, ParallelIterator};
 
 use rustic_core::{
-    BlobType, DecryptWriteBackend, IndexBackend, IndexedBackend, Indexer, NodeType, OpenRepository,
-    Packer, Progress, ProgressBars, ReadIndex, SnapshotFile, TreeStreamerOnce,
+    BlobType, DecryptWriteBackend, IndexBackend, IndexedBackend, Indexer, NodeType, Open, Packer,
+    Progress, ProgressBars, ReadIndex, Repository, SnapshotFile, TreeStreamerOnce,
 };
 
 use crate::application::RUSTIC_APP;
 
-pub(crate) fn copy<P>(
+pub(crate) fn copy<P, S: Open>(
     snapshots: &[SnapshotFile],
     index: &impl IndexedBackend,
-    repo_dest: &OpenRepository<P>,
+    repo_dest: &Repository<P, S>,
 ) -> Result<()> {
     let config = RUSTIC_APP.config();
-    let be_dest = &repo_dest.dbe;
+    let be_dest = repo_dest.dbe();
     let progress_options = &config.global.progress_options;
 
     let snapshots = relevant_snapshots(
@@ -54,14 +54,14 @@ pub(crate) fn copy<P>(
         be_dest.clone(),
         BlobType::Data,
         indexer.clone(),
-        &repo_dest.config,
+        repo_dest.config(),
         index.total_size(BlobType::Data),
     )?;
     let tree_packer = Packer::new(
         be_dest.clone(),
         BlobType::Tree,
         indexer.clone(),
-        &repo_dest.config,
+        repo_dest.config(),
         index.total_size(BlobType::Tree),
     )?;
 
@@ -121,9 +121,9 @@ pub(crate) fn copy<P>(
     Ok(())
 }
 
-pub(crate) fn relevant_snapshots<F, P>(
+pub(crate) fn relevant_snapshots<F, P, S: Open>(
     snaps: &[SnapshotFile],
-    dest_repo: &OpenRepository<P>,
+    dest_repo: &Repository<P, S>,
     filter: F,
     p: &impl Progress,
 ) -> Result<Vec<SnapshotFile>>
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ where
     F: FnMut(&SnapshotFile) -> bool,
 {
     // save snapshots in destination in BTreeSet, as we want to efficiently search within to filter out already existing snapshots before copying.
-    let snapshots_dest: BTreeSet<_> = SnapshotFile::all_from_backend(&dest_repo.dbe, filter, p)?
+    let snapshots_dest: BTreeSet<_> = SnapshotFile::all_from_backend(dest_repo.dbe(), filter, p)?
         .into_iter()
         .map(SnapshotFile::clear_ids)
         .collect();