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Authentication

The go-sdk-core project supports the following types of authentication:

  • Basic Authentication
  • Bearer Token Authentication
  • Identity and Access Management (IAM) Authentication
  • Container Authentication
  • VPC Instance Authentication
  • Cloud Pak for Data Authentication
  • No Authentication

The SDK user configures the appropriate type of authentication for use with service instances.
The authentication types that are appropriate for a particular service may vary from service to service, so it is important for the SDK user to consult with the appropriate service documentation to understand which authentication types are supported for that service.

The go-sdk-core allows an authenticator to be specified in one of two ways:

  1. programmatically - the SDK user invokes the appropriate function(s) to create an instance of the desired authenticator and then passes the authenticator instance when constructing an instance of the service client.
  2. configuration - the SDK user provides external configuration information (in the form of environment variables or a credentials file) to indicate the type of authenticator, along with the configuration of the necessary properties for that authenticator. The SDK user then invokes the configuration-based service client constructor method to construct an instance of the authenticator and service client that reflect the external configuration information.

The sections below will provide detailed information for each authenticator which will include the following:

  • A description of the authenticator
  • The properties associated with the authenticator
  • An example of how to construct the authenticator programmatically
  • An example of how to configure the authenticator through the use of external configuration information. The configuration examples below will use environment variables, although the same properties could be specified in a credentials file instead.

Basic Authentication

The BasicAuthenticator is used to add Basic Authentication information to each outbound request in the Authorization header in the form:

   Authorization: Basic <encoded username and password>

Properties

  • Username: (required) the basic auth username

  • Password: (required) the basic auth password

Programming example

import {
    "github.com/IBM/go-sdk-core/v5/core"
    "<appropriate-git-repo-url>/exampleservicev1"
}
...
// Create the authenticator.
authenticator, err := core.NewBasicAuthenticator("myuser", "mypassword")
if err != nil {
    panic(err)
}

// Create the service options struct.
options := &exampleservicev1.ExampleServiceV1Options{
    Authenticator: authenticator,
}

// Construct the service instance.
service, err := exampleservicev1.NewExampleServiceV1(options)
if err != nil {
    panic(err)
}

// 'service' can now be used to invoke operations.

Configuration example

External configuration:

export EXAMPLE_SERVICE_AUTH_TYPE=basic
export EXAMPLE_SERVICE_USERNAME=myuser
export EXAMPLE_SERVICE_PASSWORD=mypassword

Application code:

import {
    "<appropriate-git-repo-url>/exampleservicev1"
}
...

// Create the service options struct.
options := &exampleservicev1.ExampleServiceV1Options{
    ServiceName:   "example_service",
}

// Construct the service instance.
service, err := exampleservicev1.NewExampleServiceV1UsingExternalConfig(options)
if err != nil {
    panic(err)
}

// 'service' can now be used to invoke operations.

Bearer Token Authentication

The BearerTokenAuthenticator will add a user-supplied bearer token to each outbound request in the Authorization header in the form:

    Authorization: Bearer <bearer-token>

Properties

  • BearerToken: (required) the bearer token value

Programming example

import {
    "github.com/IBM/go-sdk-core/v5/core"
    "<appropriate-git-repo-url>/exampleservicev1"
}
...
// Create the authenticator.
bearerToken := // ... obtain bearer token value ...
authenticator := core.NewBearerTokenAuthenticator(bearerToken)
if err != nil {
    panic(err)
}


// Create the service options struct.
options := &exampleservicev1.ExampleServiceV1Options{
    Authenticator: authenticator,
}

// Construct the service instance.
service, err := exampleservicev1.NewExampleServiceV1(options)
if err != nil {
    panic(err)
}

// 'service' can now be used to invoke operations.
...
// Later, if your bearer token value expires, you can set a new one like this:
newToken := // ... obtain new bearer token value
authenticator.BearerToken = newToken

Configuration example

External configuration:

export EXAMPLE_SERVICE_AUTH_TYPE=bearertoken
export EXAMPLE_SERVICE_BEARER_TOKEN=<the bearer token value>

Application code:

import {
    "<appropriate-git-repo-url>/exampleservicev1"
}
...

// Create the service options struct.
options := &exampleservicev1.ExampleServiceV1Options{
    ServiceName:   "example_service",
}

// Construct the service instance.
service, err := exampleservicev1.NewExampleServiceV1UsingExternalConfig(options)
if err != nil {
    panic(err)
}

// 'service' can now be used to invoke operations.

Note that the use of external configuration is not as useful with the BearerTokenAuthenticator as it is for other authenticator types because bearer tokens typically need to be obtained and refreshed programmatically since they normally have a relatively short lifespan before they expire. This authenticator type is intended for situations in which the application will be managing the bearer token itself in terms of initial acquisition and refreshing as needed.

Identity and Access Management Authentication (IAM)

The IamAuthenticator will accept a user-supplied apikey or refresh token and will perform the necessary interactions with the IAM token service to obtain a suitable bearer token for the specified apikey or refresh token. The authenticator will also obtain a new bearer token when the current token expires. The bearer token is then added to each outbound request in the Authorization header in the form:

   Authorization: Bearer <bearer-token>

Properties

  • ApiKey: (optional) the IAM apikey to be used to obtain an IAM access token. One of ApiKey or RefreshToken must be specified.

  • RefreshToken: (optional) a refresh token to be used to obtain an IAM access token. One of ApiKey or RefreshToken must be specified. If RefreshToken is specified, then the ClientId and ClientSecret properties must also be specified, using the same values that were used to obtain the refresh token value.

  • URL: (optional) The base endpoint URL of the IAM token service. The default value of this property is the "prod" IAM token service endpoint (https://iam.cloud.ibm.com). Make sure that you use an IAM token service endpoint that is appropriate for the location of the service being used by your application. For example, if you are using an instance of a service in the "production" environment (e.g. https://resource-controller.cloud.ibm.com), then the default "prod" IAM token service endpoint should suffice. However, if your application is using an instance of a service in the "staging" environment (e.g. https://resource-controller.test.cloud.ibm.com), then you would also need to configure the authenticator to use the IAM token service "staging" endpoint as well (https://iam.test.cloud.ibm.com).

  • ClientId/ClientSecret: (optional) The ClientId and ClientSecret fields are used to form a "basic auth" Authorization header for interactions with the IAM token server. If neither field is specified, then no Authorization header will be sent with token server requests. These fields are optional, but must be specified together.

  • Scope: (optional) the scope to be associated with the IAM access token. If not specified, then no scope will be associated with the access token.

  • DisableSSLVerification: (optional) A flag that indicates whether verificaton of the server's SSL certificate should be disabled or not. The default value is false.

  • Headers: (optional) A set of key/value pairs that will be sent as HTTP headers in requests made to the IAM token service.

  • Client: (Optional) The http.Client object used to invoke token servive requests. If not specified by the user, a suitable default Client will be constructed.

Usage Notes

  • The IamAuthenticator is used to obtain an access token (a bearer token) from the IAM token service.

  • When constructing an IamAuthenticator instance, you must specify exactly one of ApiKey or RefreshToken.

  • If you specify the ApiKey property, the authenticator will use the IAM token service's POST /identity/token operation with grant_type urn:ibm:params:oauth:grant-type:apikey to exchange the apikey value for an access token.

  • If you specify the RefreshToken property, the authenticator will use the IAM token service's POST /identity/token operation with grant_type refresh_token to exchange the refresh token value for an access token. In this scenario, you must also specify the ClientId and ClientSecret properties, using the same values that were used when initially obtaining the refresh token value from the IAM token service.

Programming example

import {
    "github.com/IBM/go-sdk-core/v5/core"
    "<appropriate-git-repo-url>/exampleservicev1"
}
...
// Create the authenticator.
authenticator, err := core.NewIamAuthenticatorBuilder().
    SetApiKey("myapikey").
    Build()
if err != nil {
    panic(err)
}

// Create the service options struct.
options := &exampleservicev1.ExampleServiceV1Options{
    Authenticator: authenticator,
}

// Construct the service instance.
service, err := exampleservicev1.NewExampleServiceV1(options)
if err != nil {
    panic(err)
}

// 'service' can now be used to invoke operations.

Configuration example

External configuration:

export EXAMPLE_SERVICE_AUTH_TYPE=iam
export EXAMPLE_SERVICE_APIKEY=myapikey

Application code:

import {
    "<appropriate-git-repo-url>/exampleservicev1"
}
...

// Create the service options struct.
options := &exampleservicev1.ExampleServiceV1Options{
    ServiceName:   "example_service",
}

// Construct the service instance.
service, err := exampleservicev1.NewExampleServiceV1UsingExternalConfig(options)
if err != nil {
    panic(err)
}

// 'service' can now be used to invoke operations.

Container Authentication

The ContainerAuthenticator is intended to be used by application code running inside a compute resource managed by the IBM Kubernetes Service (IKS) in which a secure compute resource token (CR token) has been stored in a file within the compute resource's local file system. The CR token is similar to an IAM apikey except that it is managed automatically by the compute resource provider (IKS). This allows the application developer to:

  • avoid storing credentials in application code, configuraton files or a password vault
  • avoid managing or rotating credentials

The ContainerAuthenticator will retrieve the CR token from the compute resource in which the application is running, and will then perform the necessary interactions with the IAM token service to obtain an IAM access token using the IAM "get token" operation with grant-type cr-token. The authenticator will repeat these steps to obtain a new IAM access token when the current access token expires. The IAM access token is added to each outbound request in the Authorization header in the form:

   Authorization: Bearer <IAM-access-token>

Properties

  • CRTokenFilename: (optional) the name of the file containing the injected CR token value. If not specified, then /var/run/secrets/tokens/vault-token is used as the default value. The application must have read permissions on the file containing the CR token value.

  • IAMProfileName: (optional) the name of the linked trusted IAM profile to be used when obtaining the IAM access token (a CR token might map to multiple IAM profiles). One of IAMProfileName or IAMProfileID must be specified.

  • IAMProfileID: (optional) the id of the linked trusted IAM profile to be used when obtaining the IAM access token (a CR token might map to multiple IAM profiles). One of IAMProfileName or IAMProfileID must be specified.

  • URL: (optional) The base endpoint URL of the IAM token service. The default value of this property is the "prod" IAM token service endpoint (https://iam.cloud.ibm.com). Make sure that you use an IAM token service endpoint that is appropriate for the location of the service being used by your application. For example, if you are using an instance of a service in the "production" environment (e.g. https://resource-controller.cloud.ibm.com), then the default "prod" IAM token service endpoint should suffice. However, if your application is using an instance of a service in the "staging" environment (e.g. https://resource-controller.test.cloud.ibm.com), then you would also need to configure the authenticator to use the IAM token service "staging" endpoint as well (https://iam.test.cloud.ibm.com).

  • ClientId/ClientSecret: (optional) The ClientId and ClientSecret fields are used to form a "basic auth" Authorization header for interactions with the IAM token service. If neither field is specified, then no Authorization header will be sent with token server requests. These fields are optional, but must be specified together.

  • Scope: (optional) the scope to be associated with the IAM access token. If not specified, then no scope will be associated with the access token.

  • DisableSSLVerification: (optional) A flag that indicates whether verificaton of the server's SSL certificate should be disabled or not. The default value is false.

  • Headers: (optional) A set of key/value pairs that will be sent as HTTP headers in requests made to the IAM token service.

  • Client: (optional) The http.Client object used to invoke token servive requests. If not specified by the user, a suitable default Client will be constructed.

Programming example

import {
    "github.com/IBM/go-sdk-core/v5/core"
    "<appropriate-git-repo-url>/exampleservicev1"
}
...
// Create the authenticator.
authenticator, err := core.NewContainerAuthenticatorBuilder().
	SetIAMProfileName("iam-user123").
	Build()
if err != nil {
    panic(err)
}

// Create the service options struct.
options := &exampleservicev1.ExampleServiceV1Options{
    Authenticator: authenticator,
}

// Construct the service instance.
service, err := exampleservicev1.NewExampleServiceV1(options)
if err != nil {
    panic(err)
}

// 'service' can now be used to invoke operations.

Configuration example

External configuration:

export EXAMPLE_SERVICE_AUTH_TYPE=container
export EXAMPLE_SERVICE_IAM_PROFILE_NAME=iam-user123

Application code:

import {
    "<appropriate-git-repo-url>/exampleservicev1"
}
...

// Create the service options struct.
options := &exampleservicev1.ExampleServiceV1Options{
    ServiceName:   "example_service",
}

// Construct the service instance.
service, err := exampleservicev1.NewExampleServiceV1UsingExternalConfig(options)
if err != nil {
    panic(err)
}

// 'service' can now be used to invoke operations.

VPC Instance Authentication

The VpcInstanceAuthenticator is intended to be used by application code running inside a VPC-managed compute resource (virtual server instance) that has been configured to use the "compute resource identity" feature. The compute resource identity feature allows you to assign a trusted IAM profile to the compute resource as its "identity". This, in turn, allows applications running within the compute resource to take on this identity when interacting with IAM-secured IBM Cloud services. This results in a simplified security model that allows the application developer to:

  • avoid storing credentials in application code, configuraton files or a password vault
  • avoid managing or rotating credentials

The VpcInstanceAuthenticator will invoke the appropriate operations on the compute resource's locally-available VPC Instance Metadata Service to (1) retrieve an instance identity token and then (2) exchange that instance identity token for an IAM access token. The authenticator will repeat these steps to obtain a new IAM access token whenever the current access token expires. The IAM access token is added to each outbound request in the Authorization header in the form:

   Authorization: Bearer <IAM-access-token>

Properties

  • IAMProfileCRN: (optional) the crn of the linked trusted IAM profile to be used when obtaining the IAM access token.

  • IAMProfileID: (optional) the id of the linked trusted IAM profile to be used when obtaining the IAM access token.

  • URL: (optional) The base endpoint URL of the VPC Instance Metadata Service.
    The default value of this property is http://169.254.169.254, and should not need to be specified in normal situations.

  • Client: (optional) The http.Client object used to interact with the VPC Instance Metadata Service. If not specified by the user, a suitable default Client will be constructed.

Usage Notes:

  1. At most one of IAMProfileCRN or IAMProfileID may be specified. The specified value must map to a trusted IAM profile that has been linked to the compute resource (virtual server instance).

  2. If both IAMProfileCRN and IAMProfileID are specified, then an error occurs.

  3. If neither IAMProfileCRN nor IAMProfileID are specified, then the default trusted profile linked to the compute resource will be used to perform the IAM token exchange. If no default trusted profile is defined for the compute resource, then an error occurs.

Programming example

import {
    "github.com/IBM/go-sdk-core/v5/core"
    "<appropriate-git-repo-url>/exampleservicev1"
}
...
// Create the authenticator.
authenticator, err := core.NewVpcInstanceAuthenticatorBuilder().
	SetIAMProfileCRN("crn:iam-profile-123").
	Build()
if err != nil {
    panic(err)
}

// Create the service options struct.
options := &exampleservicev1.ExampleServiceV1Options{
    Authenticator: authenticator,
}

// Construct the service instance.
service, err := exampleservicev1.NewExampleServiceV1(options)
if err != nil {
    panic(err)
}

// 'service' can now be used to invoke operations.

Configuration example

External configuration:

export EXAMPLE_SERVICE_AUTH_TYPE=vpc
export EXAMPLE_SERVICE_IAM_PROFILE_CRN=crn:iam-profile-123

Application code:

import {
    "<appropriate-git-repo-url>/exampleservicev1"
}
...

// Create the service options struct.
options := &exampleservicev1.ExampleServiceV1Options{
    ServiceName:   "example_service",
}

// Construct the service instance.
service, err := exampleservicev1.NewExampleServiceV1UsingExternalConfig(options)
if err != nil {
    panic(err)
}

// 'service' can now be used to invoke operations.

Cloud Pak for Data Authentication

The CloudPakForDataAuthenticator will accept a user-supplied username value, along with either a password or apikey, and will perform the necessary interactions with the Cloud Pak for Data token service to obtain a suitable bearer token. The authenticator will also obtain a new bearer token when the current token expires. The bearer token is then added to each outbound request in the Authorization header in the form:

   Authorization: Bearer <bearer-token>

Properties

  • Username: (required) the username used to obtain a bearer token.

  • Password: (required if APIKey is not specified) the user's password used to obtain a bearer token. Exactly one of Password or APIKey should be specified.

  • APIKey: (required if Password is not specified) the user's apikey used to obtain a bearer token. Exactly one of Password or APIKey should be specified.

  • URL: (required) The URL representing the Cloud Pak for Data token service endpoint's base URL string. This value should not include the /v1/authorize path portion.

  • DisableSSLVerification: (optional) A flag that indicates whether verificaton of the server's SSL certificate should be disabled or not. The default value is false.

  • Headers: (optional) A set of key/value pairs that will be sent as HTTP headers in requests made to the Cloud Pak for Data token service.

  • Client: (Optional) The http.Client object used to invoke token servive requests. If not specified by the user, a suitable default Client will be constructed.

Programming example

import {
    "github.com/IBM/go-sdk-core/v5/core"
    "<appropriate-git-repo-url>/exampleservicev1"
}
...
// Create the authenticator using username/apikey.
authenticator, err := core.NewCloudPakForDataAuthenticatorUsingAPIKey(
    "https://mycp4dhost.com", "myuser", "myapikey", false, nil)
if err != nil {
    panic(err)
}

// Create the service options struct.
options := &exampleservicev1.ExampleServiceV1Options{
    Authenticator: authenticator,
}

// Construct the service instance.
service, err := exampleservicev1.NewExampleServiceV1(options)
if err != nil {
    panic(err)
}

// 'service' can now be used to invoke operations.

Configuration example

External configuration:

# Configure "example_service" with username/apikey.
export EXAMPLE_SERVICE_AUTH_TYPE=cp4d
export EXAMPLE_SERVICE_USERNAME=myuser
export EXAMPLE_SERVICE_APIKEY=myapikey
export EXAMPLE_SERVICE_URL=https://mycp4dhost.com

Application code:

import {
    "<appropriate-git-repo-url>/exampleservicev1"
}
...

// Create the service options struct.
options := &exampleservicev1.ExampleServiceV1Options{
    ServiceName:   "example_service1",
}

// Construct the service instance.
service, err := exampleservicev1.NewExampleServiceV1UsingExternalConfig(options)
if err != nil {
    panic(err)
}

// 'service' can now be used to invoke operations.

No Auth Authentication

The NoAuthAuthenticator is a placeholder authenticator which performs no actual authentication function. It can be used in situations where authentication needs to be bypassed, perhaps while developing or debugging an application or service.

Properties

None

Programming example

import {
    "github.com/IBM/go-sdk-core/v5/core"
    "<appropriate-git-repo-url>/exampleservicev1"
}
...
// Create the authenticator.
authenticator := &core.NoAuthAuthenticator{}

// Create the service options struct.
options := &exampleservicev1.ExampleServiceV1Options{
    Authenticator: authenticator,
}

// Construct the service instance.
service, err := exampleservicev1.NewExampleServiceV1(options)
if err != nil {
    panic(err)
}

// 'service' can now be used to invoke operations.

Configuration example

External configuration:

export EXAMPLE_SERVICE_AUTH_TYPE=noauth

Application code:

import {
    "<appropriate-git-repo-url>/exampleservicev1"
}
...

// Create the service options struct.
options := &exampleservicev1.ExampleServiceV1Options{
    ServiceName:   "example_service",
}

// Construct the service instance.
service, err := exampleservicev1.NewExampleServiceV1UsingExternalConfig(options)
if err != nil {
    panic(err)
}

// 'service' can now be used to invoke operations.