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<h1>C语 数组</h1>
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<div id="post" class="sdq-post-Statistics">
<a>2019年11月28日</a>
<a class="post-count">99 字</a>
<a class=" -link" href="/categories/C%E8%AF%AD/">C语</a>
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<strong class="sidebar-title">目录</strong>
<ol class="toc"><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%B8%80%E7%BB%B4%E6%95%B0%E7%BB%84"><span class="toc-text">一维数组</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link"><span class="toc-text">一维数组的定义:</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link"><span class="toc-text">数组定义格式:</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link"><span class="toc-text">一维数组的赋值例子:</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link"><span class="toc-text">一维数组的储存例子:</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%B8%80%E7%BB%B4%E6%95%B0%E7%BB%84%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E7%9A%84%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8"><span class="toc-text">一维数组元素的引用</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%A6%82%E6%9E%9C%E6%95%B0%E7%BB%84int-arr-N-%E5%88%99%E6%95%B0%E7%BB%84%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%8B%E6%A0%87%E4%B8%BA-0-N-1-%E5%8D%B3%E6%9C%80%E5%A4%A7%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%8B%E6%A0%87%E4%B8%BA%E6%95%B0%E7%BB%84%E9%95%BF%E5%BA%A6-1"><span class="toc-text">如果数组int arr[N]; 则数组的下标为: 0 ~ N-1 即最大的下标为数组长度-1</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link"><span class="toc-text">数组元素的引用形式:</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%B8%80%E7%BB%B4%E6%95%B0%E7%BB%84%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E7%9A%84%E5%88%9D%E5%A7%8B%E5%8C%96"><span class="toc-text">一维数组元素的初始化</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link"><span class="toc-text">一维数组的遍历例子:</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BA%8C%E7%BB%B4%E6%95%B0%E7%BB%84"><span class="toc-text">二维数组</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link"><span class="toc-text">二维数组的定义:</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link"><span class="toc-text">二维数组的储存例子:</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BA%8C%E7%BB%B4%E6%95%B0%E7%BB%84%E7%9A%84%E5%88%9D%E5%A7%8B%E5%8C%96"><span class="toc-text">二维数组的初始化</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link"><span class="toc-text">二维数组的初始化:</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link"><span class="toc-text">一维数组的遍历例子:</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BA%8C%E7%BB%B4%E6%95%B0%E7%BB%84%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E7%9A%84%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8"><span class="toc-text">二维数组元素的引用</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link"><span class="toc-text">数组元素的引用形式:</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BA%8C%E7%BB%B4%E6%95%B0%E7%BB%84%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E7%9A%84%E5%88%9D%E5%A7%8B%E5%8C%96"><span class="toc-text">二维数组元素的初始化</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%AD%97%E7%AC%A6%E6%95%B0%E7%BB%84"><span class="toc-text">字符数组</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%AD%97%E7%AC%A6%E6%95%B0%E7%BB%84%E7%9A%84%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%89"><span class="toc-text">字符数组的定义</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link"><span class="toc-text">一维数组的定义形式:</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link"><span class="toc-text">二维数组的定义形式:</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%AD%97%E7%AC%A6%E6%95%B0%E7%BB%84%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E7%9A%84%E5%88%9D%E5%A7%8B%E5%8C%96"><span class="toc-text">字符数组元素的初始化</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%AD%97%E7%AC%A6%E4%B8%B2%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0"><span class="toc-text">字符串处理函数</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%AD%97%E7%AC%A6%E4%B8%B2%E8%BE%93%E5%87%BA%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0-puts"><span class="toc-text">字符串输出函数 puts</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link"><span class="toc-text">字符串输出函数 puts的格式:</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%AD%97%E7%AC%A6%E4%B8%B2%E8%BE%93%E5%85%A5%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0-gets"><span class="toc-text">字符串输入函数 gets</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link"><span class="toc-text">字符串输出函数 puts的格式:</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%AD%97%E7%AC%A6%E4%B8%B2%E8%BF%9E%E6%8E%A5%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0-strcat"><span class="toc-text">字符串连接函数 strcat</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link"><span class="toc-text">字符串输出函数 puts的格式:</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%AD%97%E7%AC%A6%E4%B8%B2%E5%A4%8D%E5%88%B6%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0-strcpy"><span class="toc-text">字符串复制函数 strcpy</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link"><span class="toc-text">字符串输出函数 puts的格式:</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%AD%97%E7%AC%A6%E4%B8%B2%E6%AF%94%E8%BE%83%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0-strcmp"><span class="toc-text">字符串比较函数 strcmp</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link"><span class="toc-text">字符串输出函数 puts的格式:</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%A3%80%E6%B5%8B%E5%AD%97%E7%AC%A6%E4%B8%B2%E9%95%BF%E5%BA%A6%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0-strlen"><span class="toc-text">检测字符串长度函数 strlen</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link"><span class="toc-text">字符串输出函数 puts的格式:</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%A4%A7%E5%86%99%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D%E8%BD%AC%E6%8D%A2%E4%B8%BA%E5%B0%8F%E5%86%99%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0-strlwr"><span class="toc-text">大写字母转换为小写字母函数 strlwr</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link"><span class="toc-text">字符串输出函数 puts的格式:</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%B0%8F%E5%86%99%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D%E8%BD%AC%E6%8D%A2%E4%B8%BA%E5%A4%A7%E5%86%99%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D-strupr"><span class="toc-text">小写字母转换为大写字母 strupr</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link"><span class="toc-text">字符串输出函数 puts的格式:</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li></ol></li></ol>
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<p><strong>C语学习笔记</strong></p>
<a id="more"></a>
<h1 id="一维数组"><a href="#一维数组" class="headerlink" title="一维数组"></a>一维数组</h1><h4>一维数组的定义:</h4>
<br>
<figure class="highlight c"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs C">储存类型 数据类型 数组名 [ 常量表达式 ] = { 初始值 }<br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<br>
<h4>数组定义格式:</h4>
<ul>
<li>储存类型是任意项, 可以是 auto, static, extern 储存类型, 但没有 register 型</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>数据类型可以是 int, float, char</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>数据名符号标识符定义, 但不能与其它变量同名</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>数组元素的下标是从0开始编号的, 否则会产生数组越界</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>常量表达式中可以包含常量和符号, 不能包含变量</li>
</ul>
<br>
<h4>一维数组的赋值例子:</h4>
<figure class="highlight c"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs C"><span class="hljs-type">int</span> <span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span>[5] =</span> {<span class="hljs-number">90</span>,<span class="hljs-number">80</span>,<span class="hljs-number">88</span>,<span class="hljs-number">77</span>,<span class="hljs-number">66</span>}<span class="hljs-comment">// 全部赋初值</span><br><span class="hljs-type">int</span> <span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span>[5] =</span> {<span class="hljs-number">90</span>,<span class="hljs-number">80</span>,<span class="hljs-number">88</span>}<span class="hljs-comment">// 部分赋初值, 未赋值的元素默认为0</span><br><span class="hljs-type">int</span> <span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span>[ ] =</span> {<span class="hljs-number">90</span>,<span class="hljs-number">80</span>,<span class="hljs-number">88</span>,<span class="hljs-number">77</span>,<span class="hljs-number">66</span>}<span class="hljs-comment">// 元素个数5 省略长度赋初值, 数组的长度(数组的元素个数) 根据赋初值的数决定</span><br><br><span class="hljs-comment">// 初值的个数不能超过长度</span><br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<br>
<h4>一维数组的储存例子:</h4>
<figure class="highlight c"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs C"><span class="hljs-meta"># <span class="hljs-keyword">define</span> SIZE 5 <span class="hljs-comment">// 定义5个数</span></span><br><span class="hljs-type">int</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">main</span><span class="hljs-params">(<span class="hljs-type">void</span>)</span><br>{<br> <span class="hljs-type">int</span> a0,a1,a2,a3,a4;<br> <span class="hljs-type">int</span> sdq[SIZE]; <span class="hljs-comment">// int是4个字节 5个数相当于 4*5</span><br> <span class="hljs-built_in">printf</span>(<span class="hljs-string">"%d\n"</span>,<span class="hljs-keyword">sizeof</span>(a0)); <span class="hljs-comment">// 输出4个字节</span><br> <span class="hljs-built_in">printf</span>(<span class="hljs-string">"总字节数: %d\n"</span>,<span class="hljs-keyword">sizeof</span>(sdq)); <span class="hljs-comment">// 输出20个字节 int有4字节, 有5个数 4*5=20</span><br><br> <span class="hljs-comment">// 数组长度 = 总字节数 / sizeof(类型)</span><br> <span class="hljs-built_in">printf</span>(<span class="hljs-string">"长度: %d\n"</span>,<span class="hljs-keyword">sizeof</span>(sdq) / <span class="hljs-keyword">sizeof</span>(<span class="hljs-type">int</span>)); <span class="hljs-comment">// int = a0</span><br> <span class="hljs-built_in">printf</span>(<span class="hljs-string">"长度: %d\n"</span>,<span class="hljs-keyword">sizeof</span>(sdq) / <span class="hljs-keyword">sizeof</span>(a0)); <span class="hljs-comment">// a0 = int</span><br><br> <span class="hljs-comment">// 总字节数 = sizeof(数组类型) * 数组个数(长度) </span><br> <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="hljs-number">0</span>; <br>}<br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<br>
<h3 id="一维数组元素的引用"><a href="#一维数组元素的引用" class="headerlink" title="一维数组元素的引用"></a>一维数组元素的引用</h3><ul>
<li>数组元素的实质为该数组所属数据类型的一个具有下标的变量, 故又称下标变量, 因此, 数组元素与具有相同数据类型的普通变量的引用完全相同</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><h1 id="如果数组int-arr-N-则数组的下标为-0-N-1-即最大的下标为数组长度-1"><a href="#如果数组int-arr-N-则数组的下标为-0-N-1-即最大的下标为数组长度-1" class="headerlink" title="如果数组int arr[N]; 则数组的下标为: 0 ~ N-1 即最大的下标为数组长度-1"></a>如果数组int arr[N]; 则数组的下标为: 0 ~ N-1 即最大的下标为数组长度-1</h1></li>
</ul>
<h4>数组元素的引用形式:</h4>
<br>
<figure class="highlight c"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs C">数组名 [ 下标 ]<br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<br>
<h3 id="一维数组元素的初始化"><a href="#一维数组元素的初始化" class="headerlink" title="一维数组元素的初始化"></a>一维数组元素的初始化</h3><ul>
<li>注意: [ ]中括号不能省略</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>可以对数组全部元素赋值 </li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>也可以对部分元素赋初值</li>
</ul>
<br>