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Lab - 1

In this lab we have 4 exercises that will go through the basic commands of Terraform (Init/Plan/Create/Delete):

Exercise 1.1 - Terraform installation
Exercise 1.2 - Create your first script
Exercise 1.3 - Manage infrastructure
Exercise 1.4 - Delete infrastructure

Exercise 1.1 - Terraform installation

The first step is to identify the appropriate Terraform package for your system and download it as a zip archive. Use the link below to download the Terraform package on the home directory. After downloading Terraform, unzip the package.
```
cd ~
wget https://releases.hashicorp.com/terraform/1.1.8/terraform_1.1.8_linux_386.zip
unzip terraform_1.1.8_linux_386.zip 
```
Verify that /usr/local/bin is part of your PATH before moving Terraform binary to the specified location. Terraform runs as a single binary named terraform. Any other files in the package can be safely removed.
```
echo $PATH
mv ~/terraform /usr/local/bin/
```

Verify that the installation worked by running the terraform -help command that lists Terraform's available subcommands.

$ terraform -help

******************      OUTPUT      *******************
Usage: terraform [global options] <subcommand> [args]

The available commands for execution are listed below.
The primary workflow commands are given first, followed by
less common or more advanced commands.

Main commands:
  init          Prepare your working directory for other commands
  validate      Check whether the configuration is valid
  plan          Show changes required by the current configuration
  apply         Create or update infrastructure
  destroy       Destroy previously-created infrastructure

All other commands:
  console       Try Terraform expressions at an interactive command prompt
  fmt           Reformat your configuration in the standard style
  ...            ...
  ...            ...
  ...            ...

Exercise 1.2 - Create your first script

Change the working directory to ~/terraform_lab/lab-1
```
cd ~/terraform_lab/lab-1
```
Verify that main.tf exists
```
more main.tf 
```

Review the file contents main.tf

resource "local_file" "pass" { 
  filename = "/var/tmp/passwords.txt"
  content = 123456
}

Run the terraform init command to initialize a working directory containing Terraform configuration files.

$ terraform init

****************************   OUTPUT   ****************************
Initializing the backend...

Initializing provider plugins...
- Finding latest version of hashicorp/local...              <--- Provider
- Installing hashicorp/local v2.2.2...                      <--- Provider verion
- Installed hashicorp/local v2.2.2 (signed by HashiCorp)

Terraform has created a lock file .terraform.lock.hcl to record the provider
selections it made above. Include this file in your version control repository
so that Terraform can guarantee to make the same selections by default when
you run "terraform init" in the future.

Terraform has been successfully initialized!

You may now begin working with Terraform. Try running "terraform plan" to see
any changes that are required for your infrastructure. All Terraform commands
should now work.

If you ever set or change modules or backend configuration for Terraform,
rerun this command to reinitialize your working directory. If you forget, other
commands will detect it and remind you to do so if necessary.
*********************************************************************

Run the terraform plan command that will create an execution plan and let you preview the changes that Terraform plans to make to your infrastructure.

Type 'yes' to when requested by Terraform

$ terraform plan

****************************   OUTPUT   ****************************
Terraform used the selected providers to generate the following execution plan.
Resource actions are indicated with the following symbols:
  + create

Terraform will perform the following actions:

  # local_file.pass will be created
  + resource "local_file" "pass" {
      + content              = "123456"
      + directory_permission = "0777"
      + file_permission      = "0777"
      + filename             = "/var/tmp/passwords.txt"
      + id                   = (known after apply)
    }

Plan: 1 to add, 0 to change, 0 to destroy.
********************************************************************

Run the terraform apply command that executes the actions proposed in a Terraform plan.

$ terraform apply

****************************   OUTPUT   ****************************
Terraform used the selected providers to generate the following execution plan. 
Resource actions are indicated with the following symbols:
  + create

Terraform will perform the following actions:

  # local_file.pass will be created
  + resource "local_file" "pass" {
      + content              = "123456"
      + directory_permission = "0777"
      + file_permission      = "0777"
      + filename             = "/var/tmp/passwords.txt"
      + id                   = (known after apply)
    }

Plan: 1 to add, 0 to change, 0 to destroy.

Do you want to perform these actions?
  Terraform will perform the actions described above.
  Only 'yes' will be accepted to approve.

  Enter a value: yes

local_file.pass: Creating...
local_file.pass: Creation complete after 0s [id=7c4a8d09ca3762af61e59520943dc26494f8941b]

Apply complete! Resources: 1 added, 0 changed, 0 destroyed.
***********************************************************************

The file should have now been created. Run the following command to verify that the file exists and that it has the correct contents
```
$ ls -l /var/tmp/
$ more /var/tmp/passwords.txt
```

Exercise 1.3 - Manage infrastructure

Now that the file has been created we will update the file terraform script and observe the behavior of Terraform. Before we do that lets review the provider and attributes of the State File that has been created by Terraform.

$ more ~/terraform_lab/lab-1/terraform.tfstate

****************************   OUTPUT   ****************************
{
  "version": 4,
  "terraform_version": "1.1.8",
  "serial": 4,
  "lineage": "a0c4d20e-15b2-3634-e887-0d2197d82db0",
  "outputs": {},
  "resources": [
    {
      "mode": "managed",
      "type": "local_file",
      "name": "pass",
      "provider": "provider[\"registry.terraform.io/hashicorp/local\"]",
      "instances": [
        {
          "schema_version": 0,
          "attributes": {
            "content": "123456",
            "content_base64": null,
            "directory_permission": "0777",
            "file_permission": "0777",
            "filename": "/var/tmp/passwords.txt",
            "id": "7c4a8d09ca3762af61e59520943dc26494f8941b",
            "sensitive_content": null,
            "source": null
          },
          "sensitive_attributes": [],
          "private": "bnVsbA=="
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}
********************************************************************

Let's now change the contents of the file that we have created through the terraform script.
```
nano main.tf
```

Change content = "123456" to content = "New Value", save the file and run `terraform apply' again.

$ terraform apply

****************************   OUTPUT   ****************************
local_file.pass: Refreshing state... [id=7c4a8d09ca3762af61e59520943dc26494f8941b]

Terraform used the selected providers to generate the following execution plan. Resource actions are indicated with the following symbols:
-/+ destroy and then create replacement

Terraform will perform the following actions:

  # local_file.pass must be replaced
-/+ resource "local_file" "pass" {
      ~ content              = "123456" -> " New Value" # forces replacement
      ~ id                   = "7c4a8d09ca3762af61e59520943dc26494f8941b" -> (known after apply)
        # (3 unchanged attributes hidden)
    }

Plan: 1 to add, 0 to change, 1 to destroy.

Do you want to perform these actions?
  Terraform will perform the actions described above.
  Only 'yes' will be accepted to approve.

  Enter a value: yes

local_file.pass: Destroying... [id=7c4a8d09ca3762af61e59520943dc26494f8941b]
local_file.pass: Destruction complete after 0s
local_file.pass: Creating...
local_file.pass: Creation complete after 0s [id=767bc16967f0909bac7cb717777656f68dcba552]

Apply complete! Resources: 1 added, 0 changed, 1 destroyed.
**********************************************************************

The file should have now been modified. Run the following command to verify that the file contents have changed
```
$ more /var/tmp/passwords.txt

****** Output ********
 New Value
**********************
```

Run the terraform state list command to list all resources in the state file.

$ terraform state list

****** Output ********
local_file.pass
**********************

Run the terraform state show command to show the attributes of a single resource in the Terraform state.

$ terraform state show local_file.pass

****** Output ********
# local_file.pass:
resource "local_file" "pass" {
    content              = " New Value"
    directory_permission = "0777"
    file_permission      = "0777"
    filename             = "/var/tmp/passwords.txt"
    id                   = "767bc16967f0909bac7cb717777656f68dcba552"
}
**********************

Run the terraform show command to provide human-readable output from all resources in the state. The output should be identical to the previous command as we only have 1 resource in the state file
```
$ terraform show
```

Run the terraform version command to display the current version of Terraform and all installed plugins.

$ terraform version

****** Output ********
Terraform v1.1.8
on linux_386
+ provider registry.terraform.io/hashicorp/local v2.2.2
**********************

Exercise 1.4 - Delete infrastructure

Now let's delete the file that has been created. Run the terraform destroy command to remove all infratructure that has been created through this terraform script.

$ terraform destroy

****************************   OUTPUT   ****************************
local_file.pass: Refreshing state... [id=767bc16967f0909bac7cb717777656f68dcba552]

Terraform used the selected providers to generate the following execution plan. Resource actions are indicated with the following symbols:
  - destroy

Terraform will perform the following actions:

  # local_file.pass will be destroyed
  - resource "local_file" "pass" {
      - content              = " New Value" -> null
      - directory_permission = "0777" -> null
      - file_permission      = "0777" -> null
      - filename             = "/var/tmp/passwords.txt" -> null
      - id                   = "767bc16967f0909bac7cb717777656f68dcba552" -> null
    }

Plan: 0 to add, 0 to change, 1 to destroy.

Do you really want to destroy all resources?
  Terraform will destroy all your managed infrastructure, as shown above.
  There is no undo. Only 'yes' will be accepted to confirm.

  Enter a value: yes

local_file.pass: Destroying... [id=767bc16967f0909bac7cb717777656f68dcba552]
local_file.pass: Destruction complete after 0s

Destroy complete! Resources: 1 destroyed.
******************************************************************

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Lab - 1

Exercise 1.1 - Terraform installation

Exercise 1.2 - Create your first script

Exercise 1.3 - Manage infrastructure

Exercise 1.4 - Delete infrastructure

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README.md

Lab - 1

Exercise 1.1 - Terraform installation

Exercise 1.2 - Create your first script

Exercise 1.3 - Manage infrastructure

Exercise 1.4 - Delete infrastructure