diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
index bb5b05e71..46b96245b 100644
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -10,8 +10,8 @@ version = "0.0.0" # DO NOT CHANGE THIS LINE! This will be automatically updated
 license-file = "LICENSE"
 
 [workspace.dependencies]
-alloy-primitives = { version = "0.8.0" }
-alloy-sol-types = { version = "0.8.0" }
+alloy-primitives = { version = "0.8.1" }
+alloy-sol-types = { version = "0.8.1" }
 ark-bls12-381 = { version = "0.4.0" }
 ark-curve25519 = { version = "0.4.0" }
 ark-ec = { version = "0.4.0", features = [ "parallel" ] }
diff --git a/crates/proof-of-sql/src/base/database/column.rs b/crates/proof-of-sql/src/base/database/column.rs
index c79fcc784..cefd264fb 100644
--- a/crates/proof-of-sql/src/base/database/column.rs
+++ b/crates/proof-of-sql/src/base/database/column.rs
@@ -161,6 +161,23 @@ impl<'a, S: Scalar> Column<'a, S> {
         }
     }
 
+    /// Returns the column as a slice of scalars
+    pub(crate) fn as_scalar(&self, alloc: &'a Bump) -> &'a [S] {
+        match self {
+            Self::Boolean(col) => alloc.alloc_slice_fill_with(col.len(), |i| S::from(col[i])),
+            Self::SmallInt(col) => alloc.alloc_slice_fill_with(col.len(), |i| S::from(col[i])),
+            Self::Int(col) => alloc.alloc_slice_fill_with(col.len(), |i| S::from(col[i])),
+            Self::BigInt(col) => alloc.alloc_slice_fill_with(col.len(), |i| S::from(col[i])),
+            Self::Int128(col) => alloc.alloc_slice_fill_with(col.len(), |i| S::from(col[i])),
+            Self::Scalar(col) => col,
+            Self::Decimal75(_, _, col) => col,
+            Self::VarChar((_, scals)) => scals,
+            Self::TimestampTZ(_, _, col) => {
+                alloc.alloc_slice_fill_with(col.len(), |i| S::from(col[i]))
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     /// Returns element at index as scalar
     ///
     /// Note that if index is out of bounds, this function will return None
diff --git a/crates/proof-of-sql/src/sql/proof/proof_plan.rs b/crates/proof-of-sql/src/sql/proof/proof_plan.rs
index 1becb16c5..53c29f35c 100644
--- a/crates/proof-of-sql/src/sql/proof/proof_plan.rs
+++ b/crates/proof-of-sql/src/sql/proof/proof_plan.rs
@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ pub trait ProofPlan<C: Commitment>: Debug + Send + Sync + ProverEvaluate<C::Scal
         builder: &mut VerificationBuilder<C>,
         accessor: &dyn CommitmentAccessor<C>,
         result: Option<&OwnedTable<C::Scalar>>,
+        is_top_level: bool,
     ) -> Result<Vec<C::Scalar>, ProofError>;
 
     /// Return all the result column fields
@@ -67,6 +68,7 @@ pub trait ProverEvaluate<S: Scalar> {
         builder: &mut ProofBuilder<'a, S>,
         alloc: &'a Bump,
         accessor: &'a dyn DataAccessor<S>,
+        is_top_level: bool,
     ) -> Vec<Column<'a, S>>;
 }
 
diff --git a/crates/proof-of-sql/src/sql/proof/query_proof.rs b/crates/proof-of-sql/src/sql/proof/query_proof.rs
index 04be6d2e5..556ed53a7 100644
--- a/crates/proof-of-sql/src/sql/proof/query_proof.rs
+++ b/crates/proof-of-sql/src/sql/proof/query_proof.rs
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ impl<CP: CommitmentEvaluationProof> QueryProof<CP> {
 
         let mut builder =
             ProofBuilder::new(table_length, num_sumcheck_variables, post_result_challenges);
-        expr.prover_evaluate(&mut builder, &alloc, accessor);
+        expr.prover_evaluate(&mut builder, &alloc, accessor, true);
 
         let num_sumcheck_variables = builder.num_sumcheck_variables();
         let table_length = builder.table_length();
@@ -250,7 +250,7 @@ impl<CP: CommitmentEvaluationProof> QueryProof<CP> {
             post_result_challenges,
         );
         let owned_table_result = result.to_owned_table(&column_result_fields[..])?;
-        expr.verifier_evaluate(&mut builder, accessor, Some(&owned_table_result))?;
+        expr.verifier_evaluate(&mut builder, accessor, Some(&owned_table_result), true)?;
 
         // perform the evaluation check of the sumcheck polynomial
         if builder.sumcheck_evaluation() != subclaim.expected_evaluation {
diff --git a/crates/proof-of-sql/src/sql/proof/query_proof_test.rs b/crates/proof-of-sql/src/sql/proof/query_proof_test.rs
index 75fb2b4cd..297d1007d 100644
--- a/crates/proof-of-sql/src/sql/proof/query_proof_test.rs
+++ b/crates/proof-of-sql/src/sql/proof/query_proof_test.rs
@@ -58,6 +58,7 @@ impl<S: Scalar> ProverEvaluate<S> for TrivialTestProofPlan {
         builder: &mut ProofBuilder<'a, S>,
         alloc: &'a Bump,
         _accessor: &'a dyn DataAccessor<S>,
+        _is_top_level: bool,
     ) -> Vec<Column<'a, S>> {
         let col = alloc.alloc_slice_fill_copy(builder.table_length(), self.column_fill_value);
         builder.produce_sumcheck_subpolynomial(
@@ -90,8 +91,12 @@ impl<C: Commitment> ProofPlan<C> for TrivialTestProofPlan {
         builder: &mut VerificationBuilder<C>,
         _accessor: &dyn CommitmentAccessor<C>,
         _result: Option<&OwnedTable<C::Scalar>>,
+        _is_top_level: bool,
     ) -> Result<Vec<C::Scalar>, ProofError> {
-        assert_eq!(builder.consume_result_mle(), C::Scalar::ZERO);
+        assert_eq!(
+            builder.consume_result_or_intermediate_mle(true),
+            C::Scalar::ZERO
+        );
         builder.produce_sumcheck_subpolynomial_evaluation(&C::Scalar::from(self.evaluation));
         Ok(vec![C::Scalar::ZERO])
     }
@@ -223,6 +228,7 @@ impl<S: Scalar> ProverEvaluate<S> for SquareTestProofPlan {
         builder: &mut ProofBuilder<'a, S>,
         alloc: &'a Bump,
         accessor: &'a dyn DataAccessor<S>,
+        _is_top_level: bool,
     ) -> Vec<Column<'a, S>> {
         let x = accessor.get_column(ColumnRef::new(
             "sxt.test".parse().unwrap(),
@@ -264,8 +270,9 @@ impl<C: Commitment> ProofPlan<C> for SquareTestProofPlan {
         builder: &mut VerificationBuilder<C>,
         accessor: &dyn CommitmentAccessor<C>,
         _result: Option<&OwnedTable<C::Scalar>>,
+        _is_top_level: bool,
     ) -> Result<Vec<C::Scalar>, ProofError> {
-        let res_eval = builder.consume_result_mle();
+        let res_eval = builder.consume_result_or_intermediate_mle(true);
         let x_commit = C::Scalar::from(self.anchored_commit_multiplier)
             * accessor.get_commitment(ColumnRef::new(
                 "sxt.test".parse().unwrap(),
@@ -401,6 +408,7 @@ impl<S: Scalar> ProverEvaluate<S> for DoubleSquareTestProofPlan {
         builder: &mut ProofBuilder<'a, S>,
         alloc: &'a Bump,
         accessor: &'a dyn DataAccessor<S>,
+        _is_top_level: bool,
     ) -> Vec<Column<'a, S>> {
         let x = accessor.get_column(ColumnRef::new(
             "sxt.test".parse().unwrap(),
@@ -456,13 +464,14 @@ impl<C: Commitment> ProofPlan<C> for DoubleSquareTestProofPlan {
         builder: &mut VerificationBuilder<C>,
         accessor: &dyn CommitmentAccessor<C>,
         _result: Option<&OwnedTable<C::Scalar>>,
+        _is_top_level: bool,
     ) -> Result<Vec<C::Scalar>, ProofError> {
         let x_commit = accessor.get_commitment(ColumnRef::new(
             "sxt.test".parse().unwrap(),
             "x".parse().unwrap(),
             ColumnType::BigInt,
         ));
-        let res_eval = builder.consume_result_mle();
+        let res_eval = builder.consume_result_or_intermediate_mle(true);
         let x_eval = builder.consume_anchored_mle(x_commit);
         let z_eval = builder.consume_intermediate_mle();
 
@@ -608,6 +617,7 @@ impl<S: Scalar> ProverEvaluate<S> for ChallengeTestProofPlan {
         builder: &mut ProofBuilder<'a, S>,
         alloc: &'a Bump,
         accessor: &'a dyn DataAccessor<S>,
+        _is_top_level: bool,
     ) -> Vec<Column<'a, S>> {
         let x = accessor.get_column(ColumnRef::new(
             "sxt.test".parse().unwrap(),
@@ -652,10 +662,11 @@ impl<C: Commitment> ProofPlan<C> for ChallengeTestProofPlan {
         builder: &mut VerificationBuilder<C>,
         accessor: &dyn CommitmentAccessor<C>,
         _result: Option<&OwnedTable<C::Scalar>>,
+        _is_top_level: bool,
     ) -> Result<Vec<C::Scalar>, ProofError> {
         let alpha = builder.consume_post_result_challenge();
         let _beta = builder.consume_post_result_challenge();
-        let res_eval = builder.consume_result_mle();
+        let res_eval = builder.consume_result_or_intermediate_mle(true);
         let x_commit = accessor.get_commitment(ColumnRef::new(
             "sxt.test".parse().unwrap(),
             "x".parse().unwrap(),
diff --git a/crates/proof-of-sql/src/sql/proof/verifiable_query_result_test.rs b/crates/proof-of-sql/src/sql/proof/verifiable_query_result_test.rs
index 5b04e52f9..82521a7db 100644
--- a/crates/proof-of-sql/src/sql/proof/verifiable_query_result_test.rs
+++ b/crates/proof-of-sql/src/sql/proof/verifiable_query_result_test.rs
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@ impl<S: Scalar> ProverEvaluate<S> for EmptyTestQueryExpr {
         _builder: &mut ProofBuilder<'a, S>,
         alloc: &'a Bump,
         _accessor: &'a dyn DataAccessor<S>,
+        _is_top_level: bool,
     ) -> Vec<Column<'a, S>> {
         let zeros = vec![0; self.length];
         let res: &[_] = alloc.alloc_slice_copy(&zeros);
@@ -66,6 +67,7 @@ impl<C: Commitment> ProofPlan<C> for EmptyTestQueryExpr {
         _builder: &mut VerificationBuilder<C>,
         _accessor: &dyn CommitmentAccessor<C>,
         _result: Option<&OwnedTable<<C as Commitment>::Scalar>>,
+        _is_top_level: bool,
     ) -> Result<Vec<C::Scalar>, ProofError> {
         Ok(vec![C::Scalar::ZERO])
     }
diff --git a/crates/proof-of-sql/src/sql/proof/verification_builder.rs b/crates/proof-of-sql/src/sql/proof/verification_builder.rs
index 6bf07ab4c..bbc600b54 100644
--- a/crates/proof-of-sql/src/sql/proof/verification_builder.rs
+++ b/crates/proof-of-sql/src/sql/proof/verification_builder.rs
@@ -104,6 +104,18 @@ impl<'a, C: Commitment> VerificationBuilder<'a, C> {
         self.mle_evaluations.result_evaluations[index]
     }
 
+    /// Consume the evaluation of an intermediate MLE if NOT at the top level
+    /// and consume the evaluation of a result MLE if at the top level
+    ///
+    /// This is used to consume the evaluation of an MLE used in sumcheck
+    pub fn consume_result_or_intermediate_mle(&mut self, is_top_level: bool) -> C::Scalar {
+        if is_top_level {
+            self.consume_result_mle()
+        } else {
+            self.consume_intermediate_mle()
+        }
+    }
+
     /// Produce the evaluation of a subpolynomial used in sumcheck
     pub fn produce_sumcheck_subpolynomial_evaluation(&mut self, eval: &C::Scalar) {
         self.sumcheck_evaluation +=
diff --git a/crates/proof-of-sql/src/sql/proof/verification_builder_test.rs b/crates/proof-of-sql/src/sql/proof/verification_builder_test.rs
index 5c69c76c0..0373fa85c 100644
--- a/crates/proof-of-sql/src/sql/proof/verification_builder_test.rs
+++ b/crates/proof-of-sql/src/sql/proof/verification_builder_test.rs
@@ -120,8 +120,14 @@ fn we_can_consume_result_evaluations() {
         &[][..],
         Vec::new(),
     );
-    assert_eq!(builder.consume_result_mle(), Curve25519Scalar::from(123u64));
-    assert_eq!(builder.consume_result_mle(), Curve25519Scalar::from(456u64));
+    assert_eq!(
+        builder.consume_result_or_intermediate_mle(true),
+        Curve25519Scalar::from(123u64)
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        builder.consume_result_or_intermediate_mle(true),
+        Curve25519Scalar::from(456u64)
+    );
 }
 
 #[test]
diff --git a/crates/proof-of-sql/src/sql/proof_plans/dyn_proof_plan.rs b/crates/proof-of-sql/src/sql/proof_plans/dyn_proof_plan.rs
index fc905f962..5b0fc04d3 100644
--- a/crates/proof-of-sql/src/sql/proof_plans/dyn_proof_plan.rs
+++ b/crates/proof-of-sql/src/sql/proof_plans/dyn_proof_plan.rs
@@ -65,11 +65,18 @@ impl<C: Commitment> ProofPlan<C> for DynProofPlan<C> {
         builder: &mut crate::sql::proof::VerificationBuilder<C>,
         accessor: &dyn crate::base::database::CommitmentAccessor<C>,
         result: Option<&crate::base::database::OwnedTable<C::Scalar>>,
+        is_top_level: bool,
     ) -> Result<Vec<C::Scalar>, crate::base::proof::ProofError> {
         match self {
-            DynProofPlan::Projection(expr) => expr.verifier_evaluate(builder, accessor, result),
-            DynProofPlan::GroupBy(expr) => expr.verifier_evaluate(builder, accessor, result),
-            DynProofPlan::Filter(expr) => expr.verifier_evaluate(builder, accessor, result),
+            DynProofPlan::Projection(expr) => {
+                expr.verifier_evaluate(builder, accessor, result, is_top_level)
+            }
+            DynProofPlan::GroupBy(expr) => {
+                expr.verifier_evaluate(builder, accessor, result, is_top_level)
+            }
+            DynProofPlan::Filter(expr) => {
+                expr.verifier_evaluate(builder, accessor, result, is_top_level)
+            }
         }
     }
 
@@ -111,11 +118,18 @@ impl<C: Commitment> ProverEvaluate<C::Scalar> for DynProofPlan<C> {
         builder: &mut crate::sql::proof::ProofBuilder<'a, C::Scalar>,
         alloc: &'a bumpalo::Bump,
         accessor: &'a dyn crate::base::database::DataAccessor<C::Scalar>,
+        is_top_level: bool,
     ) -> Vec<Column<'a, C::Scalar>> {
         match self {
-            DynProofPlan::Projection(expr) => expr.prover_evaluate(builder, alloc, accessor),
-            DynProofPlan::GroupBy(expr) => expr.prover_evaluate(builder, alloc, accessor),
-            DynProofPlan::Filter(expr) => expr.prover_evaluate(builder, alloc, accessor),
+            DynProofPlan::Projection(expr) => {
+                expr.prover_evaluate(builder, alloc, accessor, is_top_level)
+            }
+            DynProofPlan::GroupBy(expr) => {
+                expr.prover_evaluate(builder, alloc, accessor, is_top_level)
+            }
+            DynProofPlan::Filter(expr) => {
+                expr.prover_evaluate(builder, alloc, accessor, is_top_level)
+            }
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/crates/proof-of-sql/src/sql/proof_plans/filter_exec.rs b/crates/proof-of-sql/src/sql/proof_plans/filter_exec.rs
index b6373ba23..b4e73eb6f 100644
--- a/crates/proof-of-sql/src/sql/proof_plans/filter_exec.rs
+++ b/crates/proof-of-sql/src/sql/proof_plans/filter_exec.rs
@@ -90,6 +90,7 @@ where
         builder: &mut VerificationBuilder<C>,
         accessor: &dyn CommitmentAccessor<C>,
         _result: Option<&OwnedTable<C::Scalar>>,
+        is_top_level: bool,
     ) -> Result<Vec<C::Scalar>, ProofError> {
         // 1. selection
         let selection_eval = self.where_clause.verifier_evaluate(builder, accessor)?;
@@ -107,7 +108,8 @@ where
             .ok_or(ProofError::VerificationError("invalid indexes"))?;
         // 4. filtered_columns
         let filtered_columns_evals = Vec::from_iter(
-            repeat_with(|| builder.consume_result_mle()).take(self.aliased_results.len()),
+            repeat_with(|| builder.consume_result_or_intermediate_mle(is_top_level))
+                .take(self.aliased_results.len()),
         );
 
         let alpha = builder.consume_post_result_challenge();
@@ -183,6 +185,7 @@ impl<C: Commitment> ProverEvaluate<C::Scalar> for FilterExec<C> {
         builder: &mut ProofBuilder<'a, C::Scalar>,
         alloc: &'a Bump,
         accessor: &'a dyn DataAccessor<C::Scalar>,
+        is_top_level: bool,
     ) -> Vec<Column<'a, C::Scalar>> {
         // 1. selection
         let selection_column: Column<'a, C::Scalar> =
@@ -199,6 +202,12 @@ impl<C: Commitment> ProverEvaluate<C::Scalar> for FilterExec<C> {
         );
         // Compute filtered_columns and indexes
         let (filtered_columns, result_len) = filter_columns(alloc, &columns, selection);
+        // 3. Produce MLEs if not top level
+        if !is_top_level {
+            filtered_columns.iter().for_each(|column| {
+                builder.produce_intermediate_mle(column.as_scalar(alloc));
+            });
+        }
 
         let alpha = builder.consume_post_result_challenge();
         let beta = builder.consume_post_result_challenge();
diff --git a/crates/proof-of-sql/src/sql/proof_plans/filter_exec_test_dishonest_prover.rs b/crates/proof-of-sql/src/sql/proof_plans/filter_exec_test_dishonest_prover.rs
index 14ef39996..7010e9d04 100644
--- a/crates/proof-of-sql/src/sql/proof_plans/filter_exec_test_dishonest_prover.rs
+++ b/crates/proof-of-sql/src/sql/proof_plans/filter_exec_test_dishonest_prover.rs
@@ -74,6 +74,7 @@ impl ProverEvaluate<Curve25519Scalar> for DishonestFilterExec<RistrettoPoint> {
         builder: &mut ProofBuilder<'a, Curve25519Scalar>,
         alloc: &'a Bump,
         accessor: &'a dyn DataAccessor<Curve25519Scalar>,
+        is_top_level: bool,
     ) -> Vec<Column<'a, Curve25519Scalar>> {
         // 1. selection
         let selection_column: Column<'a, Curve25519Scalar> =
@@ -104,6 +105,12 @@ impl ProverEvaluate<Curve25519Scalar> for DishonestFilterExec<RistrettoPoint> {
             &filtered_columns,
             result_len,
         );
+        // 3. Produce MLEs if not top level
+        if !is_top_level {
+            filtered_columns.iter().for_each(|column| {
+                builder.produce_intermediate_mle(column.as_scalar(alloc));
+            });
+        }
         filtered_columns
     }
 }
diff --git a/crates/proof-of-sql/src/sql/proof_plans/group_by_exec.rs b/crates/proof-of-sql/src/sql/proof_plans/group_by_exec.rs
index e7377e25f..53a2fbc0d 100644
--- a/crates/proof-of-sql/src/sql/proof_plans/group_by_exec.rs
+++ b/crates/proof-of-sql/src/sql/proof_plans/group_by_exec.rs
@@ -104,6 +104,7 @@ impl<C: Commitment> ProofPlan<C> for GroupByExec<C> {
         builder: &mut VerificationBuilder<C>,
         accessor: &dyn CommitmentAccessor<C>,
         result: Option<&OwnedTable<C::Scalar>>,
+        is_top_level: bool,
     ) -> Result<Vec<C::Scalar>, ProofError> {
         // 1. selection
         let where_eval = self.where_clause.verifier_evaluate(builder, accessor)?;
@@ -126,11 +127,14 @@ impl<C: Commitment> ProofPlan<C> for GroupByExec<C> {
         // 4. filtered_columns
 
         let group_by_result_columns_evals = Vec::from_iter(
-            repeat_with(|| builder.consume_result_mle()).take(self.group_by_exprs.len()),
+            repeat_with(|| builder.consume_result_or_intermediate_mle(is_top_level))
+                .take(self.group_by_exprs.len()),
         );
-        let sum_result_columns_evals =
-            Vec::from_iter(repeat_with(|| builder.consume_result_mle()).take(self.sum_expr.len()));
-        let count_column_eval = builder.consume_result_mle();
+        let sum_result_columns_evals = Vec::from_iter(
+            repeat_with(|| builder.consume_result_or_intermediate_mle(is_top_level))
+                .take(self.sum_expr.len()),
+        );
+        let count_column_eval = builder.consume_result_or_intermediate_mle(is_top_level);
 
         let alpha = builder.consume_post_result_challenge();
         let beta = builder.consume_post_result_challenge();
@@ -260,6 +264,7 @@ impl<C: Commitment> ProverEvaluate<C::Scalar> for GroupByExec<C> {
         builder: &mut ProofBuilder<'a, C::Scalar>,
         alloc: &'a Bump,
         accessor: &'a dyn DataAccessor<C::Scalar>,
+        is_top_level: bool,
     ) -> Vec<Column<'a, C::Scalar>> {
         // 1. selection
         let selection_column: Column<'a, C::Scalar> =
@@ -279,7 +284,7 @@ impl<C: Commitment> ProverEvaluate<C::Scalar> for GroupByExec<C> {
                 .iter()
                 .map(|aliased_expr| aliased_expr.expr.prover_evaluate(builder, alloc, accessor)),
         );
-        // Compute filtered_columns and indexes
+        // 3. Compute filtered_columns and indexes
         let AggregatedColumns {
             group_by_columns: group_by_result_columns,
             sum_columns: sum_result_columns,
@@ -291,6 +296,7 @@ impl<C: Commitment> ProverEvaluate<C::Scalar> for GroupByExec<C> {
         let alpha = builder.consume_post_result_challenge();
         let beta = builder.consume_post_result_challenge();
 
+        // 4. Prove group by
         prove_group_by(
             builder,
             alloc,
@@ -299,13 +305,21 @@ impl<C: Commitment> ProverEvaluate<C::Scalar> for GroupByExec<C> {
             (&group_by_columns, &sum_columns, selection),
             (&group_by_result_columns, &sum_result_columns, count_column),
         );
+        // 5. Tally results
         let sum_result_columns_iter = sum_result_columns.iter().map(|col| Column::Scalar(col));
-        Vec::from_iter(
+        let res = Vec::from_iter(
             group_by_result_columns
                 .into_iter()
                 .chain(sum_result_columns_iter)
                 .chain(std::iter::once(Column::BigInt(count_column))),
-        )
+        );
+        // 6. Produce MLEs if not top level
+        if !is_top_level {
+            res.iter().for_each(|column| {
+                builder.produce_intermediate_mle(column.as_scalar(alloc));
+            });
+        }
+        res
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/crates/proof-of-sql/src/sql/proof_plans/projection_exec.rs b/crates/proof-of-sql/src/sql/proof_plans/projection_exec.rs
index 6e1020e4f..3a40804d3 100644
--- a/crates/proof-of-sql/src/sql/proof_plans/projection_exec.rs
+++ b/crates/proof-of-sql/src/sql/proof_plans/projection_exec.rs
@@ -67,13 +67,15 @@ impl<C: Commitment> ProofPlan<C> for ProjectionExec<C> {
         builder: &mut VerificationBuilder<C>,
         accessor: &dyn CommitmentAccessor<C>,
         _result: Option<&OwnedTable<C::Scalar>>,
+        is_top_level: bool,
     ) -> Result<Vec<C::Scalar>, ProofError> {
         self.aliased_results
             .iter()
             .map(|aliased_expr| aliased_expr.expr.verifier_evaluate(builder, accessor))
             .collect::<Result<Vec<_>, _>>()?;
         Ok(Vec::from_iter(
-            repeat_with(|| builder.consume_result_mle()).take(self.aliased_results.len()),
+            repeat_with(|| builder.consume_result_or_intermediate_mle(is_top_level))
+                .take(self.aliased_results.len()),
         ))
     }
 
@@ -117,11 +119,20 @@ impl<C: Commitment> ProverEvaluate<C::Scalar> for ProjectionExec<C> {
         builder: &mut ProofBuilder<'a, C::Scalar>,
         alloc: &'a Bump,
         accessor: &'a dyn DataAccessor<C::Scalar>,
+        is_top_level: bool,
     ) -> Vec<Column<'a, C::Scalar>> {
-        Vec::from_iter(
+        // 1. Evaluate result expressions
+        let res = Vec::from_iter(
             self.aliased_results
                 .iter()
                 .map(|aliased_expr| aliased_expr.expr.prover_evaluate(builder, alloc, accessor)),
-        )
+        );
+        // 2. Produce MLEs if not top level
+        if !is_top_level {
+            res.clone().into_iter().for_each(|column| {
+                builder.produce_intermediate_mle(column.as_scalar(alloc));
+            });
+        }
+        res
     }
 }