diff --git a/spring-kafka/src/main/java/org/springframework/kafka/core/KafkaTemplate.java b/spring-kafka/src/main/java/org/springframework/kafka/core/KafkaTemplate.java
index 9a4166d3d1..c075a45806 100644
--- a/spring-kafka/src/main/java/org/springframework/kafka/core/KafkaTemplate.java
+++ b/spring-kafka/src/main/java/org/springframework/kafka/core/KafkaTemplate.java
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2015-2023 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2015-2024 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -657,9 +657,14 @@ public <T> T executeInTransaction(OperationsCallback<K, V, T> callback) {
 		catch (SkipAbortException e) { // NOSONAR - exception flow control
 			throw ((RuntimeException) e.getCause()); // NOSONAR - lost stack trace
 		}
-		catch (Exception e) {
-			producer.abortTransaction();
-			throw e;
+		catch (Exception ex) {
+			try {
+				producer.abortTransaction();
+			}
+			catch (Exception abortException) {
+				ex.addSuppressed(abortException);
+			}
+			throw ex;
 		}
 		finally {
 			this.producers.remove(currentThread);
diff --git a/spring-kafka/src/test/java/org/springframework/kafka/core/KafkaTemplateTransactionTests.java b/spring-kafka/src/test/java/org/springframework/kafka/core/KafkaTemplateTransactionTests.java
index b28fae476d..7155145826 100644
--- a/spring-kafka/src/test/java/org/springframework/kafka/core/KafkaTemplateTransactionTests.java
+++ b/spring-kafka/src/test/java/org/springframework/kafka/core/KafkaTemplateTransactionTests.java
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2017-2023 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2017-2024 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -506,6 +506,31 @@ public void testAbort() {
 		verify(producer, never()).commitTransaction();
 	}
 
+	@Test
+	public void abortFiledOriginalExceptionRethrown() {
+		MockProducer<String, String> producer = spy(new MockProducer<>());
+		producer.initTransactions();
+		producer.abortTransactionException = new RuntimeException("abort failed");
+
+		ProducerFactory<String, String> pf = new MockProducerFactory<>((tx, id) -> producer, null);
+
+		KafkaTemplate<String, String> template = new KafkaTemplate<>(pf);
+		template.setDefaultTopic(STRING_KEY_TOPIC);
+
+		assertThatExceptionOfType(RuntimeException.class)
+				.isThrownBy(() ->
+						template.executeInTransaction(t -> {
+							throw new RuntimeException("intentional");
+						}))
+				.withMessage("intentional")
+				.withStackTraceContaining("abort failed");
+
+		assertThat(producer.transactionCommitted()).isFalse();
+		assertThat(producer.transactionAborted()).isFalse();
+		assertThat(producer.closed()).isTrue();
+		verify(producer, never()).commitTransaction();
+	}
+
 	@Test
 	public void testExecuteInTransactionNewInnerTx() {
 		@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")