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class="fa-fw fas fa-archive"></i><span> 归档</span></a></li><li><a class="site-page child" href="/about/"><i class="fa-fw fas fa-heart"></i><span> 关于</span></a></li><li><a class="site-page child" target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://buy.dreamlove.top/"><i class="fa-fw fas fa-heart"></i><span> 购物</span></a></li></ul></div></div><div id="toggle-menu"><a class="site-page" href="javascript:void(0);"><i class="fas fa-bars fa-fw"></i></a></div></div></nav><div id="post-info"><h1 class="post-title">js正则匹配获取分组和正向反向的区别</h1><div id="post-meta"><div class="meta-firstline"><span class="post-meta-date"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt fa-fw post-meta-icon"></i><span class="post-meta-label">发表于</span><time class="post-meta-date-created" datetime="2022-11-13T12:43:07.000Z" title="发表于 2022-11-13 12:43:07">2022-11-13</time><span class="post-meta-separator">|</span><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw post-meta-icon"></i><span class="post-meta-label">更新于</span><time class="post-meta-date-updated" datetime="2022-11-13T12:43:07.000Z" title="更新于 2022-11-13 12:43:07">2022-11-13</time></span><span class="post-meta-categories"><span class="post-meta-separator">|</span><i class="fas fa-inbox fa-fw post-meta-icon"></i><a class="post-meta-categories" href="/categories/HTML/">HTML</a><i class="fas fa-angle-right post-meta-separator"></i><i class="fas fa-inbox fa-fw post-meta-icon"></i><a class="post-meta-categories" href="/categories/HTML/javscript/">javscript</a><i class="fas fa-angle-right post-meta-separator"></i><i class="fas fa-inbox fa-fw post-meta-icon"></i><a class="post-meta-categories" href="/categories/HTML/javscript/vue/">vue</a></span></div><div class="meta-secondline"><span class="post-meta-separator">|</span><span class="post-meta-wordcount"><i class="far fa-file-word fa-fw post-meta-icon"></i><span class="post-meta-label">字数总计:</span><span class="word-count">1k</span><span class="post-meta-separator">|</span><i class="far fa-clock fa-fw post-meta-icon"></i><span class="post-meta-label">阅读时长:</span><span>3分钟</span></span><span class="post-meta-separator">|</span><span class="post-meta-pv-cv" data-flag-title="js正则匹配获取分组和正向反向的区别"><i class="far fa-eye fa-fw post-meta-icon"></i><span class="post-meta-label">阅读量:</span><span id="busuanzi_value_page_pv"><i class="fa-solid fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span></span></div></div></div></header><main class="layout" id="content-inner"><div id="post"><article class="post-content" id="article-container"><h3 id="前言"><a href="#前言" class="headerlink" title="前言"></a>前言</h3><ul><li>正则学习:<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="http://www.zjmainstay.cn/regexp-one">http://www.zjmainstay.cn/regexp-one</a></li><li>regex101网站:<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://regex101.com/">https://regex101.com/</a></li><li>可视化正则:<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://jex.im/regulex/">https://jex.im/regulex/</a></li></ul><h3 id="正向和反向"><a href="#正向和反向" class="headerlink" title="正向和反向"></a>正向和反向</h3><p>很多人都不清楚,什么是正向,什么是方向啊,为什么后面是正向,前面是方向啊</p><ul><li><p>简单点说</p><ul><li>后面为什么是正向: 你识字是从左到右对吧,字在右边,右边当然是正向(<strong>顺着你阅读方向</strong>)</li><li>前面为什么是反向: 你识字是从左到右对吧,字在左边,左边当然是反向了(<strong>反着你阅读方向</strong>)</li></ul></li><li><p>明白了上面这些,看几个案例熟悉下吧(图+文字)</p></li></ul><blockquote><p>示例转载自<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://segmentfault.com/u/lfange">@思否-柏拉图的理想国</a></p></blockquote><h4 id="example-pattern"><a href="#example-pattern" class="headerlink" title="example(?:pattern)"></a>example(?:pattern)</h4><ul><li><p>和<code>?=pattern</code>的区别就是<code>?:pattern</code>会将其匹配进内容里面</p></li><li><p>匹配pattern但不获取匹配结果，也就是说这是一个**非获取匹配(也就是不会获取这个括号里面的分组)**，不进行存储供以后使用。这在使用或字符<code>(|)</code>来组合一个模式的各个部分是很有用。例如<code>factor(?:y|ies)</code>就是一个比<code>factory|factories</code>更简略的表达式</p></li><li><p><code>/factor(?:y|ies)/</code>:<strong>匹配字符串factor后面是y为ies的完整字符串</strong>,等同于 <code>factory|factories</code></p></li></ul><figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> ary = <span class="string">'factorywork'</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">const</span> reg = <span class="regexp">/factor(?:y|ies)/</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//匹配正则并替换</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">const</span> str = ary.<span class="title function_">replace</span>(reg, <span class="string">''</span>);</span><br><span class="line"><span class="variable language_">console</span>.<span class="title function_">log</span>(<span class="string">'str:'</span>, str)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// str: work</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//如果正则更换为</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">const</span> reg = <span class="regexp">/factor(?=:y|ies)/</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//之后执行</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">const</span> str = ary.<span class="title function_">replace</span>(reg, <span class="string">''</span>);</span><br><span class="line"><span class="variable language_">console</span>.<span class="title function_">log</span>(<span class="string">'str:'</span>, str)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//输出 str: ywork</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p><img src="https://dreamos.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/gitblog/202211131100194.png"></p><h4 id="example-pattern-正向肯定"><a href="#example-pattern-正向肯定" class="headerlink" title="example(?=pattern) 正向肯定"></a>example(?=pattern) 正向肯定</h4><ul><li>正向肯定预查，在任何匹配pattern的example开始处匹配查找字符串。这是一个<strong>非获取匹配</strong>，该匹配不需要获取供以后使用。</li><li><code>/factory(?=\d)/g</code>:<strong>匹配字符串factory后面是数字的内容</strong></li></ul><figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> ary = <span class="string">'factory123work123factory866'</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">const</span> reg = <span class="regexp">/factory(?=\d)/g</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">const</span> str = ary.<span class="title function_">replace</span>(reg, <span class="string">''</span>)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="variable language_">console</span>.<span class="title function_">log</span>(<span class="string">'str:'</span>, str)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// str: 123work123866</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p><img src="https://dreamos.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/gitblog/202211131106342.png"></p><h4 id="example-pattern-正向否定"><a href="#example-pattern-正向否定" class="headerlink" title="example(?!pattern) 正向否定"></a>example(?!pattern) 正向否定</h4><ul><li>正向肯定预查，在任何匹配pattern的example开始处匹配查找字符串。这是一个<strong>非获取匹配</strong>，该匹配不需要获取供以后使用。</li><li><code>/factory(?!\d)/g</code>:<strong>匹配字符串factory后面不是数字的字符串</strong></li></ul><figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> ary = <span class="string">'factorywork123factory866'</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">const</span> reg = <span class="regexp">/factory(?!\d)/g</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">const</span> str = ary.<span class="title function_">replace</span>(reg, <span class="string">''</span>)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="variable language_">console</span>.<span class="title function_">log</span>(<span class="string">'str:'</span>, str)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// str: work123factory866</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p><img src="https://dreamos.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/gitblog/202211131109381.png"></p><h4><a href="#" class="headerlink" title="(?<=pattern)example 反向肯定"></a>(?<=pattern)example 反向肯定</h4><ul><li><p>反向肯定预查，与正向肯定预查类似，只是方向相反。查找符合表达式pattern的example。</p></li><li><p><code>/(?<=\d)factory/g</code>:<strong>匹配字符串factory前面是数字的字符串</strong></p></li></ul><figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> ary = <span class="string">'factorywork123factory866'</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">const</span> reg = <span class="regexp">/(?<=\d)factory/g</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">const</span> str = ary.<span class="title function_">replace</span>(reg, <span class="string">''</span>) <span class="comment">// 去掉数字后面factory部分</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="variable language_">console</span>.<span class="title function_">log</span>(<span class="string">'str:'</span>, str)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// str: factorywork123866</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p><img src="https://dreamos.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/gitblog/202211131113310.png"></p><h4 id="-1"><a href="#-1" class="headerlink" title="(?<!pattern)example 反向否定"></a>(?<!pattern)example 反向否定</h4><ul><li>反向否定预查，与正向否定预查类似，只是方向相反。</li><li><code>/(?<!\d)factory/g</code>:<strong>匹配字符串factory前面不是数字的字符串</strong></li></ul><figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> ary = <span class="string">'thisfactorywork123factory866'</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">const</span> reg = <span class="regexp">/(?<!\d)factory/g</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">const</span> str = ary.<span class="title function_">replace</span>(reg, <span class="string">''</span>) <span class="comment">// 去掉非数字后的factory</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="variable language_">console</span>.<span class="title function_">log</span>(<span class="string">'str:'</span>, str)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// str: thiswork123factory866</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p><img src="https://dreamos.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/gitblog/202211131114188.png"></p><h3 id="匹配获取分组"><a href="#匹配获取分组" class="headerlink" title="匹配获取分组"></a>匹配获取分组</h3><ul><li>有时候啊,就想获取那个分组匹配的结果,就像regx101颜色标记的那样子,后面发现没几个人分析这方面知识</li><li>举个简单例子</li></ul><figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">const</span> temp = <span class="string">"factory123work123factory866"</span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//我就想获取里面的factory</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//要怎么获取通过正则?正则都会</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">const</span> reg = <span class="regexp">/factory/gi</span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><ul><li>那么要怎么获取结果呢?当然,你可以反向思考通过<code>replace</code>方法,使用第二个参数传入空字符串去替换,你也可以将第二个参数传入函数供正则使用,这样子就可以获取到匹配的分组结果了,当然,你也可以自己做处理汇聚为一个数组</li></ul><figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">const</span> temp = <span class="string">"factory123work123factory866"</span>;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">const</span> reg = <span class="regexp">/factory/gi</span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">/**</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> *</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> * <span class="doctag">@param</span> matchStr 匹配的分组</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> * <span class="doctag">@param</span> groups 从哪里匹配到的</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> * <span class="doctag">@param</span> index 匹配的开始索引</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> * <span class="doctag">@param</span> sourceStr 匹配源</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> */</span></span><br><span class="line">temp.<span class="title function_">replace</span>(reg,<span class="function">(<span class="params">matchStr,groups,index,sourceStr</span>) =></span> {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">//console.log(matchStr,groups,index,sourceStr);</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">//输出 matchStr,groups,index,sourceStr undefined</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">//输出 factory 17 factory123work123factory866 undefined</span></span><br><span class="line">});</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><ul><li>当然,<strong>你也可以在replace当中返回值用作替换的值</strong></li></ul><figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">const</span> temp = <span class="string">"factory123work123factory866"</span>;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">const</span> reg = <span class="regexp">/factory/gi</span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">const</span> end = temp.<span class="title function_">replace</span>(reg,<span class="function">(<span class="params">matchStr,groups,index,sourceStr</span>) =></span> {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="string">'杰'</span>;</span><br><span class="line">});</span><br><span class="line"><span class="variable language_">console</span>.<span class="title function_">log</span>(end);<span class="comment">//输出 杰123work123杰866</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p><img src="https://dreamos.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/gitblog/202211131133690.png"></p></article><div class="post-copyright"><div class="post-copyright__author"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-circle-user 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href="#example-pattern-%E6%AD%A3%E5%90%91%E8%82%AF%E5%AE%9A"><span class="toc-number">2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">example(?=pattern) 正向肯定</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#example-pattern-%E6%AD%A3%E5%90%91%E5%90%A6%E5%AE%9A"><span class="toc-number">2.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">example(?!pattern) 正向否定</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link"><span class="toc-number">2.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">(?<=pattern)example 反向肯定</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#-1"><span class="toc-number">2.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">(?<!pattern)example 反向否定</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%8C%B9%E9%85%8D%E8%8E%B7%E5%8F%96%E5%88%86%E7%BB%84"><span class="toc-number">3.</span> <span class="toc-text">匹配获取分组</span></a></li></ol></div></div><div class="card-widget card-recent-post"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas 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