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<h1>Git 基本操作</h1>
<p>
Git 的工作就是创建和保存你项目的快照及与之后的快照进行对比。本章将对有关创建与提交你的项目快照的命令作介绍。
</p>
<hr>
<h2>获取与创建项目命令</h2>
<h3>git init</h3>
<p>用 git init 在目录中创建新的 Git 仓库。 你可以在任何时候、任何目录中这么做，完全是本地化的。
</p>
<p>
在目录中执行 git init，就可以创建一个 Git 仓库了。比如我们创建 runoob 项目：
</p>
<pre class="prettyprint prettyprinted"><span class="pln">$ mkdir runoob
$ cd runoob</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">
$ git init
</span><span class="typ">Initialized</span><span class="pln"> empty </span><span class="typ">Git</span><span class="pln"> repository </span><span class="kwd">in</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="typ">Users</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">tianqixin</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">www</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">runoob</span><span class="pun">/.</span><span class="pln">git</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="com"># 在 /www/runoob/.git/ 目录初始化空 Git 仓库完毕。</span></pre>
<p>
现在你可以看到在你的项目中生成了 .git 这个子目录。 这就是你的 Git 仓库了，所有有关你的此项目的快照数据都存放在这里。</p>
<pre class="prettyprint prettyprinted"><span class="pln">ls </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">a
</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">..</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">git</span></pre>
<h3>git clone </h3>
<p>使用 git clone 拷贝一个 Git 仓库到本地，让自己能够查看该项目，或者进行修改。</p>
<p>
如果你需要与他人合作一个项目，或者想要复制一个项目，看看代码，你就可以克隆那个项目。 执行命令：
</p><pre class="prettyprint prettyprinted"><span class="pln"> git clone </span><span class="pun">[</span><span class="pln">url</span><span class="pun">]</span></pre>
<p>[url] 为你想要复制的项目，就可以了。</p>
<p>例如我们克隆 Github 上的项目：</p>
<pre class="prettyprint prettyprinted"><span class="pln">$ git clone git@github</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">com</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">schacon</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">simplegit</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">git
</span><span class="typ">Cloning</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">into</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="str">'simplegit'</span><span class="pun">...</span><span class="pln">
remote</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">Counting</span><span class="pln"> objects</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="lit">13</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">done</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">
remote</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">Total</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="lit">13</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">delta </span><span class="lit">0</span><span class="pun">),</span><span class="pln"> reused </span><span class="lit">0</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">delta </span><span class="lit">0</span><span class="pun">),</span><span class="pln"> pack</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">reused </span><span class="lit">13</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="typ">Receiving</span><span class="pln"> objects</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="lit">100</span><span class="pun">%</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="lit">13</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="lit">13</span><span class="pun">),</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">done</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="typ">Resolving</span><span class="pln"> deltas</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="lit">100</span><span class="pun">%</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="lit">2</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="lit">2</span><span class="pun">),</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">done</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="typ">Checking</span><span class="pln"> connectivity</span><span class="pun">...</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">done</span><span class="pun">.</span></pre>
<p>克隆完成后，在当前目录下会生成一个 simplegit 目录：</p>
$ cd simplegit/
$ ls
README Rakefile lib
<p>
上述操作将复制该项目的全部记录。</p>
<pre class="prettyprint prettyprinted"><span class="pln">$ ls </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">a
</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">..</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">git README </span><span class="typ">Rakefile</span><span class="pln"> lib
$ cd </span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">git
$ ls
HEAD description info packed</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">refs
branches hooks logs refs
config index objects</span></pre><p>
默认情况下，Git 会按照你提供的 URL 所指示的项目的名称创建你的本地项目目录。 通常就是该 URL 最后一个 / 之后的项目名称。如果你想要一个不一样的名字， 你可以在该命令后加上你想要的名称。
</p>
<hr>
<h2>基本快照</h2>
<p>Git 的工作就是创建和保存你的项目的快照及与之后的快照进行对比。本章将对有关创建与提交你的项目的快照的命令作介绍。</p>
<h3>git add </h3>
<p> git add 命令可将该文件添加到缓存，如我们添加以下两个文件：</p>
<pre class="prettyprint prettyprinted"><span class="pln">$ touch README
$ touch hello</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">php
$ ls
README hello</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">php
$ git status </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">s
</span><span class="pun">??</span><span class="pln"> README
</span><span class="pun">??</span><span class="pln"> hello</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">php
$ </span></pre>
<p>git status 命令用于查看项目的当前状态。</p>
<p>接下来我们执行 git add 命令来添加文件：</p>
<pre class="prettyprint prettyprinted"><span class="pln">$ git add README hello</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">php </span></pre>
<p>现在我们再执行 git status，就可以看到这两个文件已经加上去了。</p>
<pre class="prettyprint prettyprinted"><span class="pln">$ git status </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">s
A README
A hello</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">php
$ </span></pre>
<p>新项目中，添加所有文件很普遍，我们可以使用 <b>git add .</b> 命令来添加当前项目的所有文件。</p>
<p>现在我们修改 README 文件：</p>
<pre class="prettyprint prettyprinted"><span class="pln">$ vim README
</span><span class="str"><pre></span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="str"><p></span><span class="pun">在</span><span class="pln"> README </span><span class="pun">添加以下内容：<</span><span class="pln">b</span><span class="pun">>#</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">Runoob</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">Git</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">测试<</span><span class="str">/b>，然后保存退出。</</span><span class="pln">p</span><span class="pun">></span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="str"><p></span><span class="pun">再执行一下</span><span class="pln"> git status</span><span class="pun">：</</span><span class="pln">p</span><span class="pun">></span><span class="pln">
$ git status </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">s
AM README
A hello</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">php</span></pre>
<p>"AM" 状态的意思是，这个文件在我们将它添加到缓存之后又有改动。改动后我们在执行 git add 命令将其添加到缓存中：</p>
<pre class="prettyprint prettyprinted"><span class="pln">$ git add </span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">
$ git status </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">s
A README
A hello</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">php</span></pre>
<p>当你要将你的修改包含在即将提交的快照里的时候，需要执行 git add。</p>
<h3>git status</h3>
<p>git status 以查看在你上次提交之后是否有修改。</p>
<p>我演示该命令的时候加了 -s 参数，以获得简短的结果输出。如果没加该参数会详细输出内容：</p>
<pre class="prettyprint prettyprinted"><span class="pln">$ git status
</span><span class="typ">On</span><span class="pln"> branch master
</span><span class="typ">Initial</span><span class="pln"> commit
</span><span class="typ">Changes</span><span class="pln"> to be committed</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="kwd">use</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="str">"git rm --cached <file>..."</span><span class="pln"> to unstage</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="kwd">new</span><span class="pln"> file</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln"> README
</span><span class="kwd">new</span><span class="pln"> file</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln"> hello</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">php</span></pre>
<h3>git diff</h3>
<p>执行 git diff 来查看执行 git status 的结果的详细信息。</p>
<p>git diff 命令显示已写入缓存与已修改但尚未写入缓存的改动的区别。git diff 有两个主要的应用场景。</p>
<ul>
<li>尚未缓存的改动：<b>git diff</b>
</li>
<li>查看已缓存的改动： <b>git diff --cached</b>
</li>
<li>查看已缓存的与未缓存的所有改动：<b>git diff HEAD</b> </li>
<li>显示摘要而非整个 diff：<b>git diff --stat</b> </li>
</ul>
<p>在 hello.php 文件中输入以下内容：</p>
<pre class="prettyprint prettyprinted"><span class="pun"><?</span><span class="pln">php
echo </span><span class="str">'菜鸟教程：www.runoob.com'</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="pun">?></span></pre>
<pre class="prettyprint prettyprinted"><span class="pln">$ git status </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">s
A README
AM hello</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">php
$ git diff
diff </span><span class="pun">--</span><span class="pln">git a</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">hello</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">php b</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">hello</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">php
index e69de29</span><span class="pun">..</span><span class="lit">69b5711</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="lit">100644</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="pun">---</span><span class="pln"> a</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">hello</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">php
</span><span class="pun">+++</span><span class="pln"> b</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">hello</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">php
</span><span class="pun">@@</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="lit">0</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="lit">0</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">+</span><span class="lit">1</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="lit">3</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">@@</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="pun">+<?</span><span class="pln">php
</span><span class="pun">+</span><span class="pln">echo </span><span class="str">'菜鸟教程：www.runoob.com'</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="pun">+?></span></pre>
<p>git status 显示你上次提交更新后的更改或者写入缓存的改动， 而 git diff 一行一行地显示这些改动具体是啥。</p>
<p>接下来我们来查看下 git diff --cached 的执行效果：</p>
<pre class="prettyprint prettyprinted"><span class="pln">$ git add hello</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">php
$ git status </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">s
A README
A hello</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">php
$ git diff </span><span class="pun">--</span><span class="pln">cached
diff </span><span class="pun">--</span><span class="pln">git a</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">README b</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">README
</span><span class="kwd">new</span><span class="pln"> file mode </span><span class="lit">100644</span><span class="pln">
index </span><span class="lit">0000000.</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="lit">8f87495</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="pun">---</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">dev</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="kwd">null</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="pun">+++</span><span class="pln"> b</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">README
</span><span class="pun">@@</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="lit">0</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="lit">0</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">+</span><span class="lit">1</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">@@</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="pun">+#</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">Runoob</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">Git</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">测试</span><span class="pln">
diff </span><span class="pun">--</span><span class="pln">git a</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">hello</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">php b</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">hello</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">php
</span><span class="kwd">new</span><span class="pln"> file mode </span><span class="lit">100644</span><span class="pln">
index </span><span class="lit">0000000.</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="lit">69b5711</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="pun">---</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">dev</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="kwd">null</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="pun">+++</span><span class="pln"> b</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">hello</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">php
</span><span class="pun">@@</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="lit">0</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="lit">0</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">+</span><span class="lit">1</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="lit">3</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">@@</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="pun">+<?</span><span class="pln">php
</span><span class="pun">+</span><span class="pln">echo </span><span class="str">'菜鸟教程：www.runoob.com'</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="pun">+?></span></pre>
<h3>git commit</h3>
<p>使用 git add 命令将想要快照的内容写入缓存区，
而执行 git commit 将缓存区内容添加到仓库中。</p>
<p> Git 为你的每一个提交都记录你的名字与电子邮箱地址，所以第一步需要配置用户名和邮箱地址。</p>
<pre class="prettyprint prettyprinted"><span class="pln">$ git config </span><span class="pun">--</span><span class="kwd">global</span><span class="pln"> user</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">name </span><span class="str">'runoob'</span><span class="pln">
$ git config </span><span class="pun">--</span><span class="kwd">global</span><span class="pln"> user</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">email test@runoob</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">com</span></pre>
<p>接下来我们写入缓存，并提交对 hello.php 的所有改动。在首个例子中，我们使用 -m 选项以在命令行中提供提交注释。
</p>
<pre class="prettyprint prettyprinted"><span class="pln">$ git add hello</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">php
$ git status </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">s
A README
A hello</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">php
$ $ git commit </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">m </span><span class="str">'第一次版本提交'</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="pun">[</span><span class="pln">master </span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">root</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">commit</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln"> d32cf1f</span><span class="pun">]</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">第一次版本提交</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="lit">2</span><span class="pln"> files changed</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="lit">4</span><span class="pln"> insertions</span><span class="pun">(+)</span><span class="pln">
create mode </span><span class="lit">100644</span><span class="pln"> README
create mode </span><span class="lit">100644</span><span class="pln"> hello</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">php
</span></pre>
<p>现在我们已经记录了快照。如果我们再执行 git status:</p>
<pre class="prettyprint prettyprinted"><span class="pln">$ git status
</span><span class="com"># On branch master</span><span class="pln">
nothing to commit </span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">working directory clean</span><span class="pun">)</span></pre>
<p>以上输出说明我们在最近一次提交之后，没有做任何改动，是一个"working directory clean：干净的工作目录"。</p>
<p>如果你没有设置 -m 选项，Git 会尝试为你打开一个编辑器以填写提交信息。 如果 Git 在你对它的配置中找不到相关信息，默认会打开 vim。屏幕会像这样：
</p>
<pre class="prettyprint prettyprinted"><span class="com"># Please enter the commit message for your changes. Lines starting</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="com"># with '#' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts the commit.</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="com"># On branch master</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="com"># Changes to be committed:</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="com"># (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="com">#</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="com"># modified: hello.php</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="com">#</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="pun">~</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="pun">~</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="str">".git/COMMIT_EDITMSG"</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="lit">9L</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="lit">257C</span></pre>
<p>如果你觉得 git add 提交缓存的流程太过繁琐，Git 也允许你用 -a 选项跳过这一步。命令格式如下：</p>
<pre class="prettyprint prettyprinted"><span class="pln">git commit </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">a</span></pre>
<p>我们先修改 hello.php 文件为以下内容：</p>
<pre class="prettyprint prettyprinted"><span class="pun"><?</span><span class="pln">php
echo </span><span class="str">'菜鸟教程：www.runoob.com'</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="pln">
echo </span><span class="str">'菜鸟教程：www.runoob.com'</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="pun">?></span></pre>
<p>再执行以下命令：</p>
<pre class="prettyprint prettyprinted"><span class="pln">git commit </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">am </span><span class="str">'修改 hello.php 文件'</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="pun">[</span><span class="pln">master </span><span class="lit">71ee2cb</span><span class="pun">]</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">修改</span><span class="pln"> hello</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">php </span><span class="pun">文件</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="lit">1</span><span class="pln"> file changed</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="lit">1</span><span class="pln"> insertion</span><span class="pun">(+)</span></pre>
<h3>git reset HEAD</h3>
<p>git reset HEAD 命令用于取消已缓存的内容。</p>
<p>我们先改动文件 README 文件，内容如下：</p>
<pre class="prettyprint prettyprinted"><span class="com"># Runoob Git 测试</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="com"># 菜鸟教程 </span></pre>
<p>hello.php 文件修改为：</p><pre class="prettyprint prettyprinted"><span class="pun"><?</span><span class="pln">php
echo </span><span class="str">'菜鸟教程：www.runoob.com'</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="pln">
echo </span><span class="str">'菜鸟教程：www.runoob.com'</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="pln">
echo </span><span class="str">'菜鸟教程：www.runoob.com'</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="pun">?></span></pre>
<p>现在两个文件修改后，都提交到了缓存区，我们现在要取消其中一个的缓存，操作如下：
</p>
<pre class="prettyprint prettyprinted"><span class="pln">$ git status </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">s
M README
M hello</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">php
$ git add </span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">
$ git status </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">s
M README
M hello</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">pp
$ git reset HEAD </span><span class="pun">--</span><span class="pln"> hello</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">php
</span><span class="typ">Unstaged</span><span class="pln"> changes after reset</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">
M hello</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">php
$ git status </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">s
M README
M hello</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">php</span></pre>
<p>现在你执行 git commit，只会将 README 文件的改动提交，而 hello.php 是没有的。</p>
<pre class="prettyprint prettyprinted"><span class="pln">$ git commit </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">m </span><span class="str">'修改'</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="pun">[</span><span class="pln">master f50cfda</span><span class="pun">]</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">修改</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="lit">1</span><span class="pln"> file changed</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="lit">1</span><span class="pln"> insertion</span><span class="pun">(+)</span><span class="pln">
$ git status </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">s
M hello</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">php</span></pre>
<p>可以看到 hello.php 文件的修改并为提交。</p>
<p>这时我们可以使用以下命令将 hello.php 的修改提交：</p>
<pre class="prettyprint prettyprinted"><span class="pln">$ git commit </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">am </span><span class="str">'修改 hello.php 文件'</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="pun">[</span><span class="pln">master </span><span class="lit">760f74d</span><span class="pun">]</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">修改</span><span class="pln"> hello</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">php </span><span class="pun">文件</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="lit">1</span><span class="pln"> file changed</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="lit">1</span><span class="pln"> insertion</span><span class="pun">(+)</span><span class="pln">
$ git status
</span><span class="typ">On</span><span class="pln"> branch master
nothing to commit</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln"> working directory clean</span></pre>
<p>简而言之，执行 git reset HEAD 以取消之前 git add 添加，但不希望包含在下一提交快照中的缓存。</p>
<h3>git rm </h3>
git rm 会将条目从缓存区中移除。这与 git reset HEAD 将条目取消缓存是有区别的。 "取消缓存"的意思就是将缓存区恢复为我们做出修改之前的样子。<p></p>
<p>
默认情况下，<b>git rm file</b> 会将文件从缓存区和你的硬盘中（工作目录）删除。</p>
<p>如果你要在工作目录中留着该文件，可以使用 <b>git rm --cached</b>：</p>
<p>如我们删除 hello.php文件：</p>
<pre class="prettyprint prettyprinted"><span class="pln">$ git rm hello</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">php
rm </span><span class="str">'hello.php'</span><span class="pln">
$ ls
README</span></pre>
<p>不从工作区中删除文件：</p>
<pre class="prettyprint prettyprinted"><span class="pln">$ git rm </span><span class="pun">--</span><span class="pln">cached README
rm </span><span class="str">'README'</span><span class="pln">
$ ls
README</span></pre>
<h3> git mv</h3>
<p>git mv 命令做得所有事情就是 <b>git rm --cached</b> 命令的操作， 重命名磁盘上的文件，然后再执行 git add 把新文件添加到缓存区。</p>
<p>我们先把刚移除的 README 添加回来：</p>
<pre class="prettyprint prettyprinted"><span class="pln">$ git add README </span></pre>
<p>然后对其重名:</p>
<pre class="prettyprint prettyprinted"><span class="pln">$ git mv README README</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">md
$ ls
README</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">md</span></pre>
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