SpaceX_Machine_Learning_Prediction_Part_5.jupyterlite.ipynb

{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# **Space X  Falcon 9 First Stage Landing Prediction**\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Assignment:  Machine Learning Prediction\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Estimated time needed: **60** minutes\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Space X advertises Falcon 9 rocket launches on its website with a cost of 62 million dollars; other providers cost upward of 165 million dollars each, much of the savings is because Space X can reuse the first stage. Therefore if we can determine if the first stage will land, we can determine the cost of a launch. This information can be used if an alternate company wants to bid against space X for a rocket launch.   In this lab, you will create a machine learning pipeline  to predict if the first stage will land given the data from the preceding labs.\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "![](https://cf-courses-data.s3.us.cloud-object-storage.appdomain.cloud/IBMDeveloperSkillsNetwork-DS0701EN-SkillsNetwork/api/Images/landing_1.gif)\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Several examples of an unsuccessful landing are shown here:\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "![](https://cf-courses-data.s3.us.cloud-object-storage.appdomain.cloud/IBMDeveloperSkillsNetwork-DS0701EN-SkillsNetwork/api/Images/crash.gif)\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Most unsuccessful landings are planed. Space X; performs a controlled landing in the oceans.\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Objectives\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Perform exploratory  Data Analysis and determine Training Labels\n",
    "\n",
    "*   create a column for the class\n",
    "*   Standardize the data\n",
    "*   Split into training data and test data\n",
    "\n",
    "\\-Find best Hyperparameter for SVM, Classification Trees and Logistic Regression\n",
    "\n",
    "*   Find the method performs best using test data\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Import Libraries and Define Auxiliary Functions\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "ModuleNotFoundError",
     "evalue": "No module named 'piplite'",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[0;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[0;31mModuleNotFoundError\u001b[0m                       Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "\u001b[0;32m<ipython-input-1-ef050b8fcbea>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m----> 1\u001b[0;31m \u001b[0;32mimport\u001b[0m \u001b[0mpiplite\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[1;32m      2\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32mawait\u001b[0m \u001b[0mpiplite\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0minstall\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m[\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m'numpy'\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m]\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m      3\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32mawait\u001b[0m \u001b[0mpiplite\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0minstall\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m[\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m'pandas'\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m]\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m      4\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32mawait\u001b[0m \u001b[0mpiplite\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0minstall\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m[\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m'seaborn'\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m]\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[0;31mModuleNotFoundError\u001b[0m: No module named 'piplite'"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "import piplite\n",
    "await piplite.install(['numpy'])\n",
    "await piplite.install(['pandas'])\n",
    "await piplite.install(['seaborn'])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "We will import the following libraries for the lab\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Pandas is a software library written for the Python programming language for data manipulation and analysis.\n",
    "import pandas as pd\n",
    "# NumPy is a library for the Python programming language, adding support for large, multi-dimensional arrays and matrices, along with a large collection of high-level mathematical functions to operate on these arrays\n",
    "import numpy as np\n",
    "# Matplotlib is a plotting library for python and pyplot gives us a MatLab like plotting framework. We will use this in our plotter function to plot data.\n",
    "import matplotlib.pyplot as plt\n",
    "#Seaborn is a Python data visualization library based on matplotlib. It provides a high-level interface for drawing attractive and informative statistical graphics\n",
    "import seaborn as sns\n",
    "# Preprocessing allows us to standarsize our data\n",
    "from sklearn import preprocessing\n",
    "# Allows us to split our data into training and testing data\n",
    "from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split\n",
    "# Allows us to test parameters of classification algorithms and find the best one\n",
    "from sklearn.model_selection import GridSearchCV\n",
    "# Logistic Regression classification algorithm\n",
    "from sklearn.linear_model import LogisticRegression\n",
    "# Support Vector Machine classification algorithm\n",
    "from sklearn.svm import SVC\n",
    "# Decision Tree classification algorithm\n",
    "from sklearn.tree import DecisionTreeClassifier\n",
    "# K Nearest Neighbors classification algorithm\n",
    "from sklearn.neighbors import KNeighborsClassifier"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "This function is to plot the confusion matrix.\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def plot_confusion_matrix(y,y_predict):\n",
    "    \"this function plots the confusion matrix\"\n",
    "    from sklearn.metrics import confusion_matrix\n",
    "\n",
    "    cm = confusion_matrix(y, y_predict)\n",
    "    ax= plt.subplot()\n",
    "    sns.heatmap(cm, annot=True, ax = ax); #annot=True to annotate cells\n",
    "    ax.set_xlabel('Predicted labels')\n",
    "    ax.set_ylabel('True labels')\n",
    "    ax.set_title('Confusion Matrix'); \n",
    "    ax.xaxis.set_ticklabels(['did not land', 'land']); ax.yaxis.set_ticklabels(['did not land', 'landed']) \n",
    "    plt.show() "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Load the dataframe\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Load the data\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "from js import fetch\n",
    "import io\n",
    "\n",
    "URL1 = \"https://cf-courses-data.s3.us.cloud-object-storage.appdomain.cloud/IBM-DS0321EN-SkillsNetwork/datasets/dataset_part_2.csv\"\n",
    "resp1 = await fetch(URL1)\n",
    "text1 = io.BytesIO((await resp1.arrayBuffer()).to_py())\n",
    "data = pd.read_csv(text1)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "data.head()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "URL2 = 'https://cf-courses-data.s3.us.cloud-object-storage.appdomain.cloud/IBM-DS0321EN-SkillsNetwork/datasets/dataset_part_3.csv'\n",
    "resp2 = await fetch(URL2)\n",
    "text2 = io.BytesIO((await resp2.arrayBuffer()).to_py())\n",
    "X = pd.read_csv(text2)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "X.head(100)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## TASK  1\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Create a NumPy array from the column <code>Class</code> in <code>data</code>, by applying the method <code>to_numpy()</code>  then\n",
    "assign it  to the variable <code>Y</code>,make sure the output is a  Pandas series (only one bracket df\\['name of  column']).\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## TASK  2\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Standardize the data in <code>X</code> then reassign it to the variable  <code>X</code> using the transform provided below.\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# students get this \n",
    "transform = preprocessing.StandardScaler()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "We split the data into training and testing data using the  function  <code>train_test_split</code>.   The training data is divided into validation data, a second set used for training  data; then the models are trained and hyperparameters are selected using the function <code>GridSearchCV</code>.\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## TASK  3\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Use the function train_test_split to split the data X and Y into training and test data. Set the parameter test_size to  0.2 and random_state to 2. The training data and test data should be assigned to the following labels.\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "<code>X_train, X_test, Y_train, Y_test</code>\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "we can see we only have 18 test samples.\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "Y_test.shape"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## TASK  4\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Create a logistic regression object  then create a  GridSearchCV object  <code>logreg_cv</code> with cv = 10.  Fit the object to find the best parameters from the dictionary <code>parameters</code>.\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "parameters ={'C':[0.01,0.1,1],\n",
    "             'penalty':['l2'],\n",
    "             'solver':['lbfgs']}"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "parameters ={\"C\":[0.01,0.1,1],'penalty':['l2'], 'solver':['lbfgs']}# l1 lasso l2 ridge\n",
    "lr=LogisticRegression()\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "We output the <code>GridSearchCV</code> object for logistic regression. We display the best parameters using the data attribute <code>best_params\\_</code> and the accuracy on the validation data using the data attribute <code>best_score\\_</code>.\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "print(\"tuned hpyerparameters :(best parameters) \",logreg_cv.best_params_)\n",
    "print(\"accuracy :\",logreg_cv.best_score_)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## TASK  5\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Calculate the accuracy on the test data using the method <code>score</code>:\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Lets look at the confusion matrix:\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "yhat=logreg_cv.predict(X_test)\n",
    "plot_confusion_matrix(Y_test,yhat)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Examining the confusion matrix, we see that logistic regression can distinguish between the different classes.  We see that the major problem is false positives.\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## TASK  6\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Create a support vector machine object then  create a  <code>GridSearchCV</code> object  <code>svm_cv</code> with cv - 10.  Fit the object to find the best parameters from the dictionary <code>parameters</code>.\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "parameters = {'kernel':('linear', 'rbf','poly','rbf', 'sigmoid'),\n",
    "              'C': np.logspace(-3, 3, 5),\n",
    "              'gamma':np.logspace(-3, 3, 5)}\n",
    "svm = SVC()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "print(\"tuned hpyerparameters :(best parameters) \",svm_cv.best_params_)\n",
    "print(\"accuracy :\",svm_cv.best_score_)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## TASK  7\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Calculate the accuracy on the test data using the method <code>score</code>:\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "We can plot the confusion matrix\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "yhat=svm_cv.predict(X_test)\n",
    "plot_confusion_matrix(Y_test,yhat)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## TASK  8\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Create a decision tree classifier object then  create a  <code>GridSearchCV</code> object  <code>tree_cv</code> with cv = 10.  Fit the object to find the best parameters from the dictionary <code>parameters</code>.\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "parameters = {'criterion': ['gini', 'entropy'],\n",
    "     'splitter': ['best', 'random'],\n",
    "     'max_depth': [2*n for n in range(1,10)],\n",
    "     'max_features': ['auto', 'sqrt'],\n",
    "     'min_samples_leaf': [1, 2, 4],\n",
    "     'min_samples_split': [2, 5, 10]}\n",
    "\n",
    "tree = DecisionTreeClassifier()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "print(\"tuned hpyerparameters :(best parameters) \",tree_cv.best_params_)\n",
    "print(\"accuracy :\",tree_cv.best_score_)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## TASK  9\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Calculate the accuracy of tree_cv on the test data using the method <code>score</code>:\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "We can plot the confusion matrix\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "yhat = tree_cv.predict(X_test)\n",
    "plot_confusion_matrix(Y_test,yhat)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## TASK  10\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Create a k nearest neighbors object then  create a  <code>GridSearchCV</code> object  <code>knn_cv</code> with cv = 10.  Fit the object to find the best parameters from the dictionary <code>parameters</code>.\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "parameters = {'n_neighbors': [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10],\n",
    "              'algorithm': ['auto', 'ball_tree', 'kd_tree', 'brute'],\n",
    "              'p': [1,2]}\n",
    "\n",
    "KNN = KNeighborsClassifier()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "print(\"tuned hpyerparameters :(best parameters) \",knn_cv.best_params_)\n",
    "print(\"accuracy :\",knn_cv.best_score_)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## TASK  11\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Calculate the accuracy of knn_cv on the test data using the method <code>score</code>:\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "We can plot the confusion matrix\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "yhat = knn_cv.predict(X_test)\n",
    "plot_confusion_matrix(Y_test,yhat)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## TASK  12\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Find the method performs best:\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Authors\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "[Pratiksha Verma](https://www.linkedin.com/in/pratiksha-verma-6487561b1/?utm_medium=Exinfluencer&utm_source=Exinfluencer&utm_content=000026UJ&utm_term=10006555&utm_id=NA-SkillsNetwork-Channel-SkillsNetworkCoursesIBMDS0321ENSkillsNetwork865-2023-01-01)\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Change Log\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "| Date (YYYY-MM-DD) | Version | Changed By      | Change Description      |\n",
    "| ----------------- | ------- | -------------   | ----------------------- |\n",
    "| 2022-11-09        | 1.0     | Pratiksha Verma | Converted initial version to Jupyterlite|\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### <h3 align=\"center\"> IBM Corporation 2022. All rights reserved. <h3/>\n"
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