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Setting up ExternalDNS for Services on DigitalOcean

This tutorial describes how to setup ExternalDNS for usage within a Kubernetes cluster using DigitalOcean DNS.

Make sure to use >=0.4.2 version of ExternalDNS for this tutorial.

Creating a DigitalOcean DNS zone

If you want to learn about how to use DigitalOcean's DNS service read the following tutorial series:

An Introduction to Managing DNS, and specifically How To Set Up a Host Name with DigitalOcean DNS

Create a new DNS zone where you want to create your records in. Let's use example.com as an example here.

Creating DigitalOcean Credentials

Generate a new personal token by going to the API settings or follow How To Use the DigitalOcean API v2 if you need more information. Give the token a name and choose read and write access. The token needs to be passed to ExternalDNS so make a note of it for later use.

The environment variable DO_TOKEN will be needed to run ExternalDNS with DigitalOcean.

Deploy ExternalDNS

Connect your kubectl client to the cluster you want to test ExternalDNS with.

Begin by creating a Kubernetes secret to securely store your DigitalOcean API key. This key will enable ExternalDNS to authenticate with DigitalOcean:

kubectl create secret generic DO_TOKEN --from-literal=DO_TOKEN=YOUR_DIGITALOCEAN_API_KEY

Ensure to replace YOUR_DIGITALOCEAN_API_KEY with your actual DigitalOcean API key.

Then apply one of the following manifests file to deploy ExternalDNS.

Using Helm

Create a values.yaml file to configure ExternalDNS to use DigitalOcean as the DNS provider. This file should include the necessary environment variables:

provider: 
  name: digitalocean
env:
  - name: DO_TOKEN
    valueFrom:
      secretKeyRef:
        name: DO_TOKEN
        key: DO_TOKEN

Manifest (for clusters without RBAC enabled)

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: external-dns
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: external-dns
  strategy:
    type: Recreate
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: external-dns
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: external-dns
        image: registry.k8s.io/external-dns/external-dns:v0.14.2
        args:
        - --source=service # ingress is also possible
        - --domain-filter=example.com # (optional) limit to only example.com domains; change to match the zone created above.
        - --provider=digitalocean
        env:
        - name: DO_TOKEN
          valueFrom:
            secretKeyRef:
              name: DO_TOKEN
              key: DO_TOKEN

Manifest (for clusters with RBAC enabled)

apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: external-dns
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  name: external-dns
rules:
- apiGroups: [""]
  resources: ["services","endpoints","pods"]
  verbs: ["get","watch","list"]
- apiGroups: ["extensions","networking.k8s.io"]
  resources: ["ingresses"] 
  verbs: ["get","watch","list"]
- apiGroups: [""]
  resources: ["nodes"]
  verbs: ["list"]
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: external-dns-viewer
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: external-dns
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: external-dns
  namespace: default
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: external-dns
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: external-dns
  strategy:
    type: Recreate
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: external-dns
    spec:
      serviceAccountName: external-dns
      containers:
      - name: external-dns
        image: registry.k8s.io/external-dns/external-dns:v0.14.2
        args:
        - --source=service # ingress is also possible
        - --domain-filter=example.com # (optional) limit to only example.com domains; change to match the zone created above.
        - --provider=digitalocean
        env:
        - name: DO_TOKEN
          valueFrom:
            secretKeyRef:
              name: DO_TOKEN
              key: DO_TOKEN

Deploying an Nginx Service

Create a service file called 'nginx.yaml' with the following contents:

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: nginx
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: nginx
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: nginx
    spec:
      containers:
      - image: nginx
        name: nginx
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: nginx
  annotations:
    external-dns.alpha.kubernetes.io/hostname: my-app.example.com
spec:
  selector:
    app: nginx
  type: LoadBalancer
  ports:
    - protocol: TCP
      port: 80
      targetPort: 80

Note the annotation on the service; use the same hostname as the DigitalOcean DNS zone created above.

ExternalDNS uses this annotation to determine what services should be registered with DNS. Removing the annotation will cause ExternalDNS to remove the corresponding DNS records.

Create the deployment and service:

$ kubectl create -f nginx.yaml

Depending where you run your service it can take a little while for your cloud provider to create an external IP for the service.

Once the service has an external IP assigned, ExternalDNS will notice the new service IP address and synchronize the DigitalOcean DNS records.

Verifying DigitalOcean DNS records

Check your DigitalOcean UI to view the records for your DigitalOcean DNS zone.

Click on the zone for the one created above if a different domain was used.

This should show the external IP address of the service as the A record for your domain.

Cleanup

Now that we have verified that ExternalDNS will automatically manage DigitalOcean DNS records, we can delete the tutorial's example:

$ kubectl delete service -f nginx.yaml
$ kubectl delete service -f externaldns.yaml

Advanced Usage

API Page Size

If you have a large number of domains and/or records within a domain, you may encounter API rate limiting because of the number of API calls that external-dns must make to the DigitalOcean API to retrieve the current DNS configuration during every reconciliation loop. If this is the case, use the --digitalocean-api-page-size option to increase the size of the pages used when querying the DigitalOcean API. (Note: external-dns uses a default of 50.)