zap automates the management of zfs snapshots. With a few crontab entries, it can be used to create a comprehensive zfs backup system. There are no configuration files. All parameters are supplied on the command line or in zfs properties and all snapshot information is stored in snapshot names.
zap will not interfere with manually created snapshots or snapshots from other tools. It will only operate on snapshots it creates.
# zap snap|snapshot [-DLSv] TTL [[-r] dataset]...
# zap rep|replicate [-DFLSv] [[user@]host:parent_dataset [-r] dataset [[-r] dataset]...]
# zap destroy [-Dlsv] [host[,host]...]
# zap -v | -version | --version
Create snapshots that will expire after 3 weeks. The #
prompt indicates commands that are run as root. A solution that delegates permissions for most of these commands to an unprivileged user is described here.
# zfs set zap:snap=on zroot/usr/home/nox zroot/var/
# zfs set zap:snap=off zroot/var/crash zroot/var/tmp zroot/var/mail
# zap snap 3w
Create snapshots specifying the datasets on the command line.
# zap snap 3w zroot/usr/home/nox -r zroot/var
Create snapshots that will expire after one day. Be verbose.
# zfs set zap:snap=on zroot/usr/home
# zap snap -v 1d
Replicate datasets to the remote host bravo, under the zback/phe dataset. If you use a non-default ssh port, specify it in ~/.ssh/config
.
# zfs set zap:rep='zap@bravo:zback/phe' zroot/ROOT zroot/usr/home/jrm
# zap rep -v
Replicate datasets (recursively for zroot/ROOT) to the remote host bravo, under the rback/phe
dataset, but this time specify the datasets on the command line. If you use a non-default ssh port, specify it in ~/.ssh/config
.
# zap rep zap@bravo:rback/phe -r zroot/ROOT zroot/usr/home/jrm
Destroy expired snapshots. Be verbose.
# zap destroy -v
Destroy expired snapshots that originated from either the host awarnach or the host gly. Be verbose.
# zap destroy -v awarnach,gly
Example crontab entries for rolling snapshots and remote replication.
- Refer to http://ftfl.ca/blog/2016-12-27-zfs-replication.html for a detailed description of a backup and replication strategy.
- Snapshots are created for datasets with the
zap:snap
property set toon
. - Datasets with the
zap:rep
property set are replicated. - Taking snapshots is normally cheap, so do it often. Destroying snapshots can thrash disks, so only do it every 24 hours.
# crontab -e
#minute hour mday month wday command
# take snapshots
*/5 * * * * zap snap 1d
14 */4 * * * zap snap 1w
14 00 * * 1 zap snap 1m
# replicate datasets
54 */1 * * * zap rep -v
# destroy snapshots
44 04 * * * zap destroy
snap
| snapshot
Use the snap
subcommand to create snapshots that will expire after TTL
(time to live) has elapsed. An expired snapshot will be destroyed the next time zap destroy
is run. TTL
takes the form [0-9]{1,4}[dwmy]
. That is, one to four digits followed by a character to represent the time unit
(day, week, month, or year). If datasets are not not supplied on the command line, snapshots will be created for datasets with the property zap:snap
set to on
.
rep
| replicate
Use the rep
subcommand to replicate datasets. If a destination and datasets are not supplied on the command line, datasets with a destination set in the zap:rep
user property are replicated. If the canmount
property of the local dataset is set to on
, after replication an attempt is made to set canmount
to noauto
on the remote side. This is done to prevent mountpoint collisions.
destroy
Use the destroy
subcommand to destroy expired snapshots. By default, only snapshots originating from the local host are destroyed. If a comma separated list of hosts are specified, then only snapshots originating from those hosts are destroyed. Hosts must be specified without any domain information, that is, as returned by hostname -s
.
-v
| -version
| --version
Show the version.
-D
Do not operate on snapshots when the pool is in a DEGRADED state.
-F
Supply -F
to zfs receive
, which destroys remote changes that do not exist on the sending side.
-L
Do not operate on snapshots if the pool has a resilver in progress. This is the default for the destroy
subcommand.
-l
Operate on snapshots, even if the pool has a resilver in progress. This is the default for the
snap
and rep
subcommands.
-S
Do not operate on snapshots if the pool is being scrubbed. This is the default for the destroy
subcommand.
-s
Operate on snapshots, even if the pool is being scrubbed. This is the default for the snap
and rep
subcommands.
-r
Recursively create or replicate snapshots of all descendants.
-v
Be verbose.
- Joseph Mingrone <[email protected]>
- Tobias Kortkamp <[email protected]>
- David Samms <[email protected]>
zap is released under a BSD 2-Clause License. Refer to the header of each source file for details.
zap was influenced by zfSnap, which is under a BEER-WARE license. We owe the author a beer.