chapter-license.tex

\chapter{GNU Free Documentation License}
\label{gfdl}


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\begingroup
	\small

	Version 1.1, March 2000\\

	Copyright \copyright\ 2000  Free Software Foundation, Inc.\\
		59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA\\
	Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
	of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.

	\section*{Preamble}

	The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other
	written document ``free'' in the sense of freedom: to assure everyone
	the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, with or without
	modifying it, either commercially or non-commercially.  Secondarily,
	this License preserves for the author and publisher a way to get
	credit for their work, while not being considered responsible for
	modifications made by others.

	This License is a kind of ``copyleft'', which means that derivative
	works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense.  It
	complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft
	license designed for free software.

	We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free
	software, because free software needs free documentation: a free
	program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the
	software does.  But this License is not limited to software manuals;
	it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or
	whether it is published as a printed book.  We recommend this License
	principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference.

	\section{Applicability and Definitions}

	This License applies to any manual or other work that contains a
	notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be distributed
	under the terms of this License.  The ``Document'', below, refers to any
	such manual or work.  Any member of the public is a licensee, and is
	addressed as ``you''.

	A ``Modified Version'' of the Document means any work containing the
	Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with
	modifications and/or translated into another language.

	A ``Secondary Section'' is a named appendix or a front-matter section of
	the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the
	publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall subject
	(or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall directly
	within that overall subject.  (For example, if the Document is in part a
	textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain any
	mathematics.)  The relationship could be a matter of historical
	connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal,
	commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding
	them.

	The ``Invariant Sections'' are certain Secondary Sections whose titles
	are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice
	that says that the Document is released under this License.

	The ``Cover Texts'' are certain short passages of text that are listed,
	as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that
	the Document is released under this License.

	A ``Transparent'' copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy,
	represented in a format whose specification is available to the
	general public, whose contents can be viewed and edited directly and
	straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of
	pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available
	drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or
	for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input
	to text formatters.  A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file
	format whose mark-up has been designed to thwart or discourage
	subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent.  A copy that is
	not ``Transparent'' is called ``Opaque''.

	Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain
	ASCII without mark-up, Texinfo input format, \LaTeX~input format, SGML
	or XML using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple
	HTML designed for human modification.  Opaque formats include
	PostScript, PDF, proprietary formats that can be read and edited only
	by proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or
	processing tools are not generally available, and the
	machine-generated HTML produced by some word processors for output
	purposes only.

	The ``Title Page'' means, for a printed book, the title page itself,
	plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material
	this License requires to appear in the title page.  For works in
	formats which do not have any title page as such, ``Title Page'' means
	the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title,
	preceding the beginning of the body of the text.


	\section{Verbatim Copying}

	You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either
	commercially or non-commercially, provided that this License, the
	copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies
	to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other
	conditions whatsoever to those of this License.  You may not use
	technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further
	copying of the copies you make or distribute.  However, you may accept
	compensation in exchange for copies.  If you distribute a large enough
	number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3.

	You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and
	you may publicly display copies.


	\section{Copying in Quantity}

	If you publish printed copies of the Document numbering more than 100,
	and the Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose
	the copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover
	Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on
	the back cover.  Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify
	you as the publisher of these copies.  The front cover must present
	the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and
	visible.  You may add other material on the covers in addition.
	Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve
	the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated
	as verbatim copying in other respects.

	If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit
	legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit
	reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent
	pages.

	If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering
	more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent
	copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy
	a publicly-accessible computer-network location containing a complete
	Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material, which the
	general network-using public has access to download anonymously at no
	charge using public-standard network protocols.  If you use the latter
	option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, when you begin
	distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure that this
	Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated location
	until at least one year after the last time you distribute an Opaque
	copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that edition to
	the public.

	It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the
	Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give
	them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document.


	\section{Modifications}

	You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under
	the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release
	the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified
	Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution
	and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy
	of it.  In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version:

	\begin{itemize}

	\item Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct
	from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions
	(which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section
	of the Document).  You may use the same title as a previous version
	if the original publisher of that version gives permission.
	\item List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities
	responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified
	Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the
	Document (all of its principal authors, if it has less than five).
	\item State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the
	Modified Version, as the publisher.
	\item Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.
	\item Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications
	adjacent to the other copyright notices.
	\item Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice
	giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the
	terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.
	\item Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections
	and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice.
	\item Include an unaltered copy of this License.
	\item Preserve the section entitled ``History'', and its title, and add to
	it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and
	publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page.  If
	there is no section entitled ``History'' in the Document, create one
	stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as
	given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified
	Version as stated in the previous sentence.
	\item Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for
	public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise
	the network locations given in the Document for previous versions
	it was based on.  These may be placed in the ``History'' section.
	You may omit a network location for a work that was published at
	least four years before the Document itself, or if the original
	publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.
	\item In any section entitled ``Acknowledgements'' or ``Dedications'',
	preserve the section's title, and preserve in the section all the
	substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements
	and/or dedications given therein.
	\item Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document,
	unaltered in their text and in their titles.  Section numbers
	or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles.
	\item Delete any section entitled ``Endorsements''.  Such a section
	may not be included in the Modified Version.
	\item Do not retitle any existing section as ``Endorsements''
	or to conflict in title with any Invariant Section.

	\end{itemize}

	If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or
	appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material
	copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all
	of these sections as invariant.  To do this, add their titles to the
	list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice.
	These titles must be distinct from any other section titles.

	You may add a section entitled ``Endorsements'', provided it contains
	nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various
	parties -- for example, statements of peer review or that the text has
	been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a
	standard.

	You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a
	passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list
	of Cover Texts in the Modified Version.  Only one passage of
	Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or
	through arrangements made by) any one entity.  If the Document already
	includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or
	by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of,
	you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit
	permission from the previous publisher that added the old one.

	The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License
	give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or
	imply endorsement of any Modified Version.


	\section{Combining Documents}

	You may combine the Document with other documents released under this
	License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified
	versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the
	Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and
	list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its
	license notice.

	The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and
	multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single
	copy.  If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but
	different contents, make the title of each such section unique by
	adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original
	author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number.
	Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of
	Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work.

	In the combination, you must combine any sections entitled ``History''
	in the various original documents, forming one section entitled
	``History''; likewise combine any sections entitled ``Acknowledgements'',
	and any sections entitled ``Dedications''.  You must delete all sections
	entitled ``Endorsements.''


	\section{Collections of Documents}

	You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents
	released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this
	License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in
	the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for
	verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects.

	You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute
	it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this
	License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all
	other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document.



	\section{Aggregation With Independent Works}

	A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate
	and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or
	distribution medium, does not as a whole count as a Modified Version
	of the Document, provided no compilation copyright is claimed for the
	compilation.  Such a compilation is called an ``aggregate'', and this
	License does not apply to the other self-contained works thus compiled
	with the Document, on account of their being thus compiled, if they
	are not themselves derivative works of the Document.

	If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these
	copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one quarter
	of the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on
	covers that surround only the Document within the aggregate.
	Otherwise they must appear on covers around the whole aggregate.


	\section{Translation}

	Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may
	distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4.
	Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special
	permission from their copyright holders, but you may include
	translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the
	original versions of these Invariant Sections.  You may include a
	translation of this License provided that you also include the
	original English version of this License.  In case of a disagreement
	between the translation and the original English version of this
	License, the original English version will prevail.


	\section{Termination}

	You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except
	as expressly provided for under this License.  Any other attempt to
	copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will
	automatically terminate your rights under this License.  However,
	parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this
	License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such
	parties remain in full compliance.


	\section{Future Revisions of This License}

	The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions
	of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time.  Such new
	versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may
	differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See
	http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/.

	Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number.
	If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this
	License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the option of
	following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or
	of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the
	Free Software Foundation.  If the Document does not specify a version
	number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not
	as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.

\endgroup