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\newlabel{fig:distance_discrimination}{{\M@TitleReference {1.9}{Active electro-location}}{13}{(A) Experimental evidence of distance measurement by a \emph {Gnathonemus petersii}. On the left: experimental setup. The fish is forced to enter one of two gates where objects $S^{+}$ and $S^{-}$ are placed. These objects only differ by their distance $D$ with respect to the gate. If the first one is chosen, the fish is rewarded (by feeding) and if not, the fish is punished (by disturbing it). On the right is plotted the rate of correct choice as a function of $D$. The objects $S^{+}$ and $S^{-}$ are metallic sphere with a volume of $33.5$ cm$^{3}$. (Taken from \cite {von1993electric}). \protect \\ (B) Experimental evidence of shape discrimination by individuals of the same specie. The experimental setup is the same, except that the difference between the objects is now their shape: one is a metallic cube whereas the other is a metallic cylinder. (Taken from \cite {gerhard})}{figure.1.9}{}}
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