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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="generator" content="quarto-99.9.9">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, user-scalable=yes">
<title>ui</title>
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<link href="ui_files/libs/quarto-html/tippy.css" rel="stylesheet">
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<link href="ui_files/libs/crosstalk-1.1.1/css/crosstalk.css" rel="stylesheet">
<script src="ui_files/libs/crosstalk-1.1.1/js/crosstalk.min.js"></script>
<!--[if lt IE 9]>
<script src="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/html5shiv/3.7.3/html5shiv-printshiv.min.js"></script>
<![endif]-->
</head>
<body class="fullcontent">
<div id="quarto-content" class="page-columns page-rows-contents page-layout-article">
<main class="content" id="quarto-document-content">
<section id="customizing-ui" class="level1">
<h1>Customizing UI</h1>
<section id="understanding-how-to-build-a-user-interface" class="level3">
<h3 class="anchored" data-anchor-id="understanding-how-to-build-a-user-interface">Understanding how to build a user interface</h3>
</section>
<section id="interface-builder-functions" class="level2">
<h2 class="anchored" data-anchor-id="interface-builder-functions">4.1 Interface builder functions</h2>
<section id="section" class="level3">
<h3 class="anchored" data-anchor-id="section"></h3>
<p>Earlier in the course we mentioned that the UI is ultimately built with HTML. We actually use R functions to make the UI, but they get translated to HTML.</p>
<p>In this module we build on this idea to develop more complex app interfaces. More specifically, we discuss <strong>tags</strong>.</p>
</section>
<section id="tags" class="level3">
<h3 class="anchored" data-anchor-id="tags">tags</h3>
<p>Shiny comes with a list of functions saved under tags that allow us to access HTML tags and use them to add static (as opposed to reactive) content to our apps.</p>
<p>The <code>tags</code> object in shiny is a list of 100+ simple functions for constructing HTML documents. Each of the elements in this list is a function that maps to an HTML tag.</p>
<div class="cell" data-layout-align="center">
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb1"><pre class="sourceCode r cell-code code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb1-1"><a href="#cb1-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">names</span>(tags)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output-stdout">
<pre><code> [1] "a" "abbr" "address"
[4] "animate" "animateMotion" "animateTransform"
[7] "area" "article" "aside"
[10] "audio" "b" "base"
[13] "bdi" "bdo" "blockquote"
[16] "body" "br" "button"
[19] "canvas" "caption" "circle"
[22] "cite" "clipPath" "code"
[25] "col" "colgroup" "color-profile"
[28] "command" "data" "datalist"
[31] "dd" "defs" "del"
[34] "desc" "details" "dfn"
[37] "dialog" "discard" "div"
[40] "dl" "dt" "ellipse"
[43] "em" "embed" "eventsource"
[46] "feBlend" "feColorMatrix" "feComponentTransfer"
[49] "feComposite" "feConvolveMatrix" "feDiffuseLighting"
[52] "feDisplacementMap" "feDistantLight" "feDropShadow"
[55] "feFlood" "feFuncA" "feFuncB"
[58] "feFuncG" "feFuncR" "feGaussianBlur"
[61] "feImage" "feMerge" "feMergeNode"
[64] "feMorphology" "feOffset" "fePointLight"
[67] "feSpecularLighting" "feSpotLight" "feTile"
[70] "feTurbulence" "fieldset" "figcaption"
[73] "figure" "filter" "footer"
[76] "foreignObject" "form" "g"
[79] "h1" "h2" "h3"
[82] "h4" "h5" "h6"
[85] "hatch" "hatchpath" "head"
[88] "header" "hgroup" "hr"
[91] "html" "i" "iframe"
[94] "image" "img" "input"
[97] "ins" "kbd" "keygen"
[100] "label" "legend" "li"
[103] "line" "linearGradient" "link"
[106] "main" "map" "mark"
[109] "marker" "mask" "menu"
[112] "meta" "metadata" "meter"
[115] "mpath" "nav" "noscript"
[118] "object" "ol" "optgroup"
[121] "option" "output" "p"
[124] "param" "path" "pattern"
[127] "picture" "polygon" "polyline"
[130] "pre" "progress" "q"
[133] "radialGradient" "rb" "rect"
[136] "rp" "rt" "rtc"
[139] "ruby" "s" "samp"
[142] "script" "section" "select"
[145] "set" "slot" "small"
[148] "solidcolor" "source" "span"
[151] "stop" "strong" "style"
[154] "sub" "summary" "sup"
[157] "svg" "switch" "symbol"
[160] "table" "tbody" "td"
[163] "template" "text" "textarea"
[166] "textPath" "tfoot" "th"
[169] "thead" "time" "title"
[172] "tr" "track" "tspan"
[175] "u" "ul" "use"
[178] "var" "video" "view"
[181] "wbr" </code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="tag---html" class="level3">
<h3 class="anchored" data-anchor-id="tag---html">tag -> HTML</h3>
<p>For example, let’s use the <code>b</code> tag, which is used for bolding text in HTML. The function is <code>tags$b()</code>.</p>
<p>You can pass a text string, in quotation marks, to this function, like “This is my first app”.</p>
<div class="cell" data-layout-align="center">
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb3"><pre class="sourceCode r cell-code code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb3-1"><a href="#cb3-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>tags<span class="sc">$</span><span class="fu">b</span>(<span class="st">"This is my first app"</span>)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</div>
<p>Then R translates the text string to HTML:</p>
<pre><code><b>This is my first app</b> </code></pre>
<p>The HTML is then rendered as bolded text when the user sees it:</p>
<div class="cell" data-layout-align="center">
<div class="cell-output-display">
<p><b>This is my first app</b></p>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="header-tags" class="level3">
<h3 class="anchored">Header tags</h3>
<p>So how would you use these tags in building an app?</p>
<p>You might use the various levels of headers if it makes sense for to have subheadings in my app.</p>
<p>For example <code>tags$h1()</code>, <code>tags$h2()</code>, and <code>tags$h3()</code> to create first, second, and third level headings, etc.</p>
<div class="cell" data-layout-align="center">
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb5"><pre class="sourceCode r cell-code code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb5-1"><a href="#cb5-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(shiny)</span>
<span id="cb5-2"><a href="#cb5-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb5-3"><a href="#cb5-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># Define UI with tags</span></span>
<span id="cb5-4"><a href="#cb5-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>ui <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">fluidPage</span>(</span>
<span id="cb5-5"><a href="#cb5-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> tags<span class="sc">$</span><span class="fu">h1</span>(<span class="st">"First level heading"</span>), </span>
<span id="cb5-6"><a href="#cb5-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> tags<span class="sc">$</span><span class="fu">h2</span>(<span class="st">"Second level heading"</span>), </span>
<span id="cb5-7"><a href="#cb5-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> tags<span class="sc">$</span><span class="fu">h3</span>(<span class="st">"Third level heading"</span>)</span>
<span id="cb5-8"><a href="#cb5-8" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>)</span>
<span id="cb5-9"><a href="#cb5-9" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb5-10"><a href="#cb5-10" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># Define server function that does nothing :)</span></span>
<span id="cb5-11"><a href="#cb5-11" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>server <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="cf">function</span>(input, output, session) {}</span>
<span id="cb5-12"><a href="#cb5-12" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb5-13"><a href="#cb5-13" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># Create the app object</span></span>
<span id="cb5-14"><a href="#cb5-14" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">shinyApp</span>(<span class="at">ui =</span> ui, <span class="at">server =</span> server)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</div>
<hr>
<div class="cell" data-layout-align="center">
<div class="cell-output-display">
<div class="container-fluid">
<h1>First level heading</h1>
<h2 class="anchored" data-anchor-id="header-tags">Second level heading</h2>
<h3 class="anchored">Third level heading</h3>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<hr>
</section>
<section id="linked-text" class="level3">
<h3 class="anchored" data-anchor-id="linked-text">Linked text</h3>
<p>If you have references you want to link to at the bottom of you app, you can use the a tag with the <code>href</code> argument for specifying a URL.</p>
<div class="cell" data-layout-align="center">
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb6"><pre class="sourceCode r cell-code code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb6-1"><a href="#cb6-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(shiny)</span>
<span id="cb6-2"><a href="#cb6-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb6-3"><a href="#cb6-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># Define UI with tags</span></span>
<span id="cb6-4"><a href="#cb6-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>ui <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">fluidPage</span>( </span>
<span id="cb6-5"><a href="#cb6-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> tags<span class="sc">$</span><span class="fu">h1</span>(<span class="st">"Awesome title"</span>), </span>
<span id="cb6-6"><a href="#cb6-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> tags<span class="sc">$</span><span class="fu">br</span>(), <span class="co"># line break </span></span>
<span id="cb6-7"><a href="#cb6-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> tags<span class="sc">$</span><span class="fu">a</span>(<span class="st">"This app is built with Shiny."</span>, <span class="at">href =</span> <span class="st">"http://shiny.rstudio.com/"</span>)</span>
<span id="cb6-8"><a href="#cb6-8" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>)</span>
<span id="cb6-9"><a href="#cb6-9" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb6-10"><a href="#cb6-10" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># Define server fn that does nothing :)</span></span>
<span id="cb6-11"><a href="#cb6-11" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>server <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="cf">function</span>(input, output, session) {}</span>
<span id="cb6-12"><a href="#cb6-12" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb6-13"><a href="#cb6-13" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># Create the app object</span></span>
<span id="cb6-14"><a href="#cb6-14" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">shinyApp</span>(<span class="at">ui =</span> ui, <span class="at">server =</span> server)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</div>
<hr>
<div class="cell" data-layout-align="center">
<div class="cell-output-display">
<div class="container-fluid">
<h1>Awesome title</h1>
<br>
<a href="http://shiny.rstudio.com/">This app is built with Shiny.</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<hr>
</section>
<section id="nested-tags" class="level3">
<h3 class="anchored" data-anchor-id="nested-tags">Nested tags</h3>
<p>You can also nest tags within each other to create something like a new paragraph with the <code>p</code> tag and some text in that paragraph where certain words are italicized with the <code>em</code> tag and certain are bolded with the <code>b</code> tag.</p>
<div class="cell" data-layout-align="center">
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb7"><pre class="sourceCode r cell-code code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb7-1"><a href="#cb7-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(shiny)</span>
<span id="cb7-2"><a href="#cb7-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb7-3"><a href="#cb7-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># Define UI with tags</span></span>
<span id="cb7-4"><a href="#cb7-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>ui <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">fluidPage</span>( </span>
<span id="cb7-5"><a href="#cb7-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> tags<span class="sc">$</span><span class="fu">p</span>(</span>
<span id="cb7-6"><a href="#cb7-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="st">"Lorem ipsum"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb7-7"><a href="#cb7-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> tags<span class="sc">$</span><span class="fu">em</span>(<span class="st">"dolor"</span>),</span>
<span id="cb7-8"><a href="#cb7-8" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="st">"sit amet,"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb7-9"><a href="#cb7-9" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> tags<span class="sc">$</span><span class="fu">b</span>(<span class="st">"consectetur"</span>),</span>
<span id="cb7-10"><a href="#cb7-10" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="st">"adipiscing elit."</span></span>
<span id="cb7-11"><a href="#cb7-11" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> )</span>
<span id="cb7-12"><a href="#cb7-12" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> )</span>
<span id="cb7-13"><a href="#cb7-13" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb7-14"><a href="#cb7-14" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># Define server fn that does nothing :)</span></span>
<span id="cb7-15"><a href="#cb7-15" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>server <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="cf">function</span>(input, output, session) {}</span>
<span id="cb7-16"><a href="#cb7-16" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb7-17"><a href="#cb7-17" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># Create the app object</span></span>
<span id="cb7-18"><a href="#cb7-18" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">shinyApp</span>(<span class="at">ui =</span> ui, <span class="at">server =</span> server)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</div>
<hr>
<div class="cell" data-layout-align="center">
<div class="cell-output-display">
<div class="container-fluid">
<p>
Lorem ipsum
<em>dolor</em>
sit amet,
<b>consectetur</b>
adipiscing elit.
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<hr>
</section>
<section id="common-tags" class="level3">
<h3 class="anchored" data-anchor-id="common-tags">Common tags</h3>
<p>Additionally, the most commonly used tags are wrapped in their own functions and you can use them without the tags list.</p>
<div class="cell" data-layout-align="center">
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb8"><pre class="sourceCode r cell-code code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb8-1"><a href="#cb8-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>tags<span class="sc">$</span><span class="fu">p</span>(...) <span class="ot">-></span> <span class="fu">p</span>(...)</span>
<span id="cb8-2"><a href="#cb8-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>tags<span class="sc">$</span><span class="fu">h1</span>(...) <span class="ot">-></span> <span class="fu">h1</span>(...)</span>
<span id="cb8-3"><a href="#cb8-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>tags<span class="sc">$</span><span class="fu">h2</span>(...) <span class="ot">-></span> <span class="fu">h2</span>(...)</span>
<span id="cb8-4"><a href="#cb8-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>tags<span class="sc">$</span><span class="fu">h3</span>(...) <span class="ot">-></span> <span class="fu">h3</span>(...)</span>
<span id="cb8-5"><a href="#cb8-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>tags<span class="sc">$</span><span class="fu">h4</span>(...) <span class="ot">-></span> <span class="fu">h4</span>(...)</span>
<span id="cb8-6"><a href="#cb8-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>tags<span class="sc">$</span><span class="fu">h5</span>(...) <span class="ot">-></span> <span class="fu">h5</span>(...)</span>
<span id="cb8-7"><a href="#cb8-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>tags<span class="sc">$</span><span class="fu">h6</span>(...) <span class="ot">-></span> <span class="fu">h6</span>(...)</span>
<span id="cb8-8"><a href="#cb8-8" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>tags<span class="sc">$</span><span class="fu">a</span>(...) <span class="ot">-></span> <span class="fu">a</span>(...)</span>
<span id="cb8-9"><a href="#cb8-9" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>tags<span class="sc">$</span><span class="fu">br</span>(...) <span class="ot">-></span> <span class="fu">br</span>(...)</span>
<span id="cb8-10"><a href="#cb8-10" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>tags<span class="sc">$</span><span class="fu">div</span>(...) <span class="ot">-></span> <span class="fu">div</span>(...)</span>
<span id="cb8-11"><a href="#cb8-11" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>tags<span class="sc">$</span><span class="fu">span</span>(...) <span class="ot">-></span> <span class="fu">span</span>(...)</span>
<span id="cb8-12"><a href="#cb8-12" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>tags<span class="sc">$</span><span class="fu">pre</span>(...) <span class="ot">-></span> <span class="fu">pre</span>(...)</span>
<span id="cb8-13"><a href="#cb8-13" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>tags<span class="sc">$</span><span class="fu">code</span>(...) <span class="ot">-></span> <span class="fu">code</span>(...)</span>
<span id="cb8-14"><a href="#cb8-14" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>tags<span class="sc">$</span><span class="fu">img</span>(...) <span class="ot">-></span> <span class="fu">img</span>(...)</span>
<span id="cb8-15"><a href="#cb8-15" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>tags<span class="sc">$</span><span class="fu">strong</span>(...) <span class="ot">-></span> <span class="fu">strong</span>(...)</span>
<span id="cb8-16"><a href="#cb8-16" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>tags<span class="sc">$</span><span class="fu">em</span>(...) <span class="ot">-></span> <span class="fu">em</span>(...)</span>
<span id="cb8-17"><a href="#cb8-17" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>tags<span class="sc">$</span><span class="fu">hr</span>(...) <span class="ot">-></span> <span class="fu">hr</span>(...)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="section-1" class="level3">
<h3 class="anchored" data-anchor-id="section-1"></h3>
<p>These are functions like:</p>
<ul>
<li><p><code>a()</code> for anchor text.</p>
<p>::: {.cell layout-align=“center”}</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb9"><pre class="sourceCode r cell-code code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb9-1"><a href="#cb9-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>tags<span class="sc">$</span><span class="fu">a</span>(<span class="st">"Anchor text"</span>)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<p>::: <code><a>Anchor text</a></code> ::: {.cell layout-align=“center”}</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb10"><pre class="sourceCode r cell-code code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb10-1"><a href="#cb10-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">a</span>(<span class="st">"Anchor text"</span>)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<p>::: <code><a>Anchor text</a></code></p></li>
<li><p><code>br()</code> for a line break.</p>
<p>::: {.cell layout-align=“center”}</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb11"><pre class="sourceCode r cell-code code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb11-1"><a href="#cb11-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>tags<span class="sc">$</span><span class="fu">br</span>()</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<p>::: <code><br></code></p>
<p>::: {.cell layout-align=“center”}</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb12"><pre class="sourceCode r cell-code code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb12-1"><a href="#cb12-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">br</span>()</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<p>::: <code><br></code></p></li>
<li><p><code>code()</code> for displaying code in monospace form<br>
::: {.cell layout-align=“center”}</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb13"><pre class="sourceCode r cell-code code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb13-1"><a href="#cb13-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>tags<span class="sc">$</span><span class="fu">code</span>(<span class="st">"Monospace text"</span>)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<p>:::</p>
<pre><code><code>Monospace text</code></code></pre>
<div class="cell" data-layout-align="center">
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb15"><pre class="sourceCode r cell-code code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb15-1"><a href="#cb15-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">code</span>(<span class="st">"Monospace text"</span>)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</div>
<pre><code><code>Monospace text</code></code></pre></li>
<li><p>And the heading functions we mentioned earlier<br>
::: {.cell layout-align=“center”}</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb17"><pre class="sourceCode r cell-code code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb17-1"><a href="#cb17-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>tags<span class="sc">$</span><span class="fu">h1</span>(<span class="st">"First level header"</span>)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<p>::: <code><h1>First level header</h1></code></p>
<p>::: {.cell layout-align=“center”}</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb18"><pre class="sourceCode r cell-code code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb18-1"><a href="#cb18-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">h1</span>(<span class="st">"First level header"</span>)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<p>::: <code><h1>First level header</h1></code></p></li>
</ul>
<p>The function names correspond to the tag names, and the functions accept text strings as arguments. For example <code>tags$h1("First level heading")</code> is equivalent to <code>h1("First level heading")</code>.</p>
</section>
<section id="html" class="level3">
<h3 class="anchored" data-anchor-id="html">HTML</h3>
<p>If you’re comfortable with HTML, an alternative is to directly use HTML syntax and wrap your HTML code with the HTML function.</p>
<div class="cell" data-layout-align="center">
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb19"><pre class="sourceCode r cell-code code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb19-1"><a href="#cb19-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">HTML</span>(<span class="st">"Hello world, <br/> and then a line break."</span>)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</div>
<pre><code>Hello world, <br/> and then a line break.</code></pre>
</section>
<section id="practice" class="level3">
<h3 class="anchored" data-anchor-id="practice">Practice</h3>
<p>Next, let’s work on some exercises on adding HTML elements to our apps to customize appearance.</p>
<p>These next exercises will demo a few of the simpler interface builder options with HTML code.</p>
</section>
<section id="practice---add-text-with-html-tags" class="level3">
<h3 class="anchored" data-anchor-id="practice---add-text-with-html-tags">Practice - Add text with HTML tags</h3>
<section id="your-turn" class="level4">
<h4 class="anchored" data-anchor-id="your-turn">Your turn</h4>
<p>Add explanatory text to your movie app by using HTML tags in the main panel.</p>
<p>Below is some sample text you can add. Note that you should replace <code>[NUMBER OF MOVIES]</code> with with the number of movies in the sample, and instead of hardcoding this value, you can use <code>nrow(movies)</code> to calculate it.</p>
<pre><code>These data were obtained from <a href="http://www.imbd.com/">IMBD</a> and
<a href="https://www.rottentomatoes.com/">Rotten Tomatoes</a>.
The data represent _[NUMBER OF MOVIES]_ randomly sampled movies released between 1972 to 2014 in the United States.</code></pre>
<div class="proj">
<p><em>Navigate to the RStudio Cloud Project titled <strong>4-1a Add text with HTML tags</strong> in your RStudio Workspace to see this code in action</em></p>
<p><a href="https://rstudio.cloud/spaces/81721/join?access_code=I4VJaNsKfTqR3Td9hLP7E1nz8%2FtMg6Xbw9Bgqumv" class="btn test-drive"><i class="fa fa-cloud"></i> Go to RStudio Cloud Project</a></p>
</div>
<div class="cell" data-layout-align="center">
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb22"><pre class="sourceCode r cell-code code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb22-1"><a href="#cb22-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># Load packages ----------------------------------------------------------------</span></span>
<span id="cb22-2"><a href="#cb22-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb22-3"><a href="#cb22-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(shiny)</span>
<span id="cb22-4"><a href="#cb22-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(ggplot2)</span>
<span id="cb22-5"><a href="#cb22-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(tools)</span>
<span id="cb22-6"><a href="#cb22-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb22-7"><a href="#cb22-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># Load data --------------------------------------------------------------------</span></span>
<span id="cb22-8"><a href="#cb22-8" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb22-9"><a href="#cb22-9" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">load</span>(<span class="st">"movies.RData"</span>)</span>
<span id="cb22-10"><a href="#cb22-10" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb22-11"><a href="#cb22-11" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># Define UI --------------------------------------------------------------------</span></span>
<span id="cb22-12"><a href="#cb22-12" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb22-13"><a href="#cb22-13" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>ui <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">fluidPage</span>(</span>
<span id="cb22-14"><a href="#cb22-14" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">sidebarLayout</span>(</span>
<span id="cb22-15"><a href="#cb22-15" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">sidebarPanel</span>(</span>
<span id="cb22-16"><a href="#cb22-16" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">selectInput</span>(</span>
<span id="cb22-17"><a href="#cb22-17" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">inputId =</span> <span class="st">"y"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb22-18"><a href="#cb22-18" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">label =</span> <span class="st">"Y-axis:"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb22-19"><a href="#cb22-19" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">choices =</span> <span class="fu">c</span>(</span>
<span id="cb22-20"><a href="#cb22-20" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="st">"IMDB rating"</span> <span class="ot">=</span> <span class="st">"imdb_rating"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb22-21"><a href="#cb22-21" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="st">"IMDB number of votes"</span> <span class="ot">=</span> <span class="st">"imdb_num_votes"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb22-22"><a href="#cb22-22" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="st">"Critics Score"</span> <span class="ot">=</span> <span class="st">"critics_score"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb22-23"><a href="#cb22-23" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="st">"Audience Score"</span> <span class="ot">=</span> <span class="st">"audience_score"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb22-24"><a href="#cb22-24" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="st">"Runtime"</span> <span class="ot">=</span> <span class="st">"runtime"</span></span>
<span id="cb22-25"><a href="#cb22-25" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> ),</span>
<span id="cb22-26"><a href="#cb22-26" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">selected =</span> <span class="st">"audience_score"</span></span>
<span id="cb22-27"><a href="#cb22-27" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> ),</span>
<span id="cb22-28"><a href="#cb22-28" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb22-29"><a href="#cb22-29" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">selectInput</span>(</span>
<span id="cb22-30"><a href="#cb22-30" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">inputId =</span> <span class="st">"x"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb22-31"><a href="#cb22-31" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">label =</span> <span class="st">"X-axis:"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb22-32"><a href="#cb22-32" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">choices =</span> <span class="fu">c</span>(</span>
<span id="cb22-33"><a href="#cb22-33" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="st">"IMDB rating"</span> <span class="ot">=</span> <span class="st">"imdb_rating"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb22-34"><a href="#cb22-34" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="st">"IMDB number of votes"</span> <span class="ot">=</span> <span class="st">"imdb_num_votes"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb22-35"><a href="#cb22-35" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="st">"Critics Score"</span> <span class="ot">=</span> <span class="st">"critics_score"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb22-36"><a href="#cb22-36" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="st">"Audience Score"</span> <span class="ot">=</span> <span class="st">"audience_score"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb22-37"><a href="#cb22-37" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="st">"Runtime"</span> <span class="ot">=</span> <span class="st">"runtime"</span></span>
<span id="cb22-38"><a href="#cb22-38" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> ),</span>
<span id="cb22-39"><a href="#cb22-39" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">selected =</span> <span class="st">"critics_score"</span></span>
<span id="cb22-40"><a href="#cb22-40" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> ),</span>
<span id="cb22-41"><a href="#cb22-41" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb22-42"><a href="#cb22-42" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">selectInput</span>(</span>
<span id="cb22-43"><a href="#cb22-43" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">inputId =</span> <span class="st">"z"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb22-44"><a href="#cb22-44" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">label =</span> <span class="st">"Color by:"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb22-45"><a href="#cb22-45" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">choices =</span> <span class="fu">c</span>(</span>
<span id="cb22-46"><a href="#cb22-46" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="st">"Title Type"</span> <span class="ot">=</span> <span class="st">"title_type"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb22-47"><a href="#cb22-47" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="st">"Genre"</span> <span class="ot">=</span> <span class="st">"genre"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb22-48"><a href="#cb22-48" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="st">"MPAA Rating"</span> <span class="ot">=</span> <span class="st">"mpaa_rating"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb22-49"><a href="#cb22-49" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="st">"Critics Rating"</span> <span class="ot">=</span> <span class="st">"critics_rating"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb22-50"><a href="#cb22-50" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="st">"Audience Rating"</span> <span class="ot">=</span> <span class="st">"audience_rating"</span></span>
<span id="cb22-51"><a href="#cb22-51" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> ),</span>
<span id="cb22-52"><a href="#cb22-52" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">selected =</span> <span class="st">"mpaa_rating"</span></span>
<span id="cb22-53"><a href="#cb22-53" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> ),</span>
<span id="cb22-54"><a href="#cb22-54" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb22-55"><a href="#cb22-55" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">sliderInput</span>(</span>
<span id="cb22-56"><a href="#cb22-56" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">inputId =</span> <span class="st">"alpha"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb22-57"><a href="#cb22-57" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">label =</span> <span class="st">"Alpha:"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb22-58"><a href="#cb22-58" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">min =</span> <span class="dv">0</span>, <span class="at">max =</span> <span class="dv">1</span>,</span>
<span id="cb22-59"><a href="#cb22-59" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">value =</span> <span class="fl">0.5</span></span>
<span id="cb22-60"><a href="#cb22-60" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> ),</span>
<span id="cb22-61"><a href="#cb22-61" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb22-62"><a href="#cb22-62" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">sliderInput</span>(</span>
<span id="cb22-63"><a href="#cb22-63" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">inputId =</span> <span class="st">"size"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb22-64"><a href="#cb22-64" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">label =</span> <span class="st">"Size:"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb22-65"><a href="#cb22-65" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">min =</span> <span class="dv">0</span>, <span class="at">max =</span> <span class="dv">5</span>,</span>
<span id="cb22-66"><a href="#cb22-66" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">value =</span> <span class="dv">2</span></span>
<span id="cb22-67"><a href="#cb22-67" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> ),</span>
<span id="cb22-68"><a href="#cb22-68" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb22-69"><a href="#cb22-69" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">textInput</span>(</span>
<span id="cb22-70"><a href="#cb22-70" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">inputId =</span> <span class="st">"plot_title"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb22-71"><a href="#cb22-71" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">label =</span> <span class="st">"Plot title"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb22-72"><a href="#cb22-72" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">placeholder =</span> <span class="st">"Enter text to be used as plot title"</span></span>
<span id="cb22-73"><a href="#cb22-73" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> ),</span>
<span id="cb22-74"><a href="#cb22-74" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb22-75"><a href="#cb22-75" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">actionButton</span>(</span>
<span id="cb22-76"><a href="#cb22-76" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">inputId =</span> <span class="st">"update_plot_title"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb22-77"><a href="#cb22-77" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">label =</span> <span class="st">"Update plot title"</span></span>
<span id="cb22-78"><a href="#cb22-78" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> )</span>
<span id="cb22-79"><a href="#cb22-79" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> ),</span>
<span id="cb22-80"><a href="#cb22-80" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb22-81"><a href="#cb22-81" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">mainPanel</span>(</span>
<span id="cb22-82"><a href="#cb22-82" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> tags<span class="sc">$</span><span class="fu">br</span>(),</span>
<span id="cb22-83"><a href="#cb22-83" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> ___, <span class="co"># add text here</span></span>
<span id="cb22-84"><a href="#cb22-84" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">plotOutput</span>(<span class="at">outputId =</span> <span class="st">"scatterplot"</span>)</span>
<span id="cb22-85"><a href="#cb22-85" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> )</span>
<span id="cb22-86"><a href="#cb22-86" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> )</span>
<span id="cb22-87"><a href="#cb22-87" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>)</span>
<span id="cb22-88"><a href="#cb22-88" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb22-89"><a href="#cb22-89" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># Define server ----------------------------------------------------------------</span></span>
<span id="cb22-90"><a href="#cb22-90" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb22-91"><a href="#cb22-91" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>server <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="cf">function</span>(input, output, session) {</span>
<span id="cb22-92"><a href="#cb22-92" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> new_plot_title <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">eventReactive</span>(</span>
<span id="cb22-93"><a href="#cb22-93" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">eventExpr =</span> input<span class="sc">$</span>update_plot_title,</span>
<span id="cb22-94"><a href="#cb22-94" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">valueExpr =</span> {</span>
<span id="cb22-95"><a href="#cb22-95" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">toTitleCase</span>(input<span class="sc">$</span>plot_title)</span>
<span id="cb22-96"><a href="#cb22-96" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> }</span>
<span id="cb22-97"><a href="#cb22-97" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> )</span>
<span id="cb22-98"><a href="#cb22-98" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb22-99"><a href="#cb22-99" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> output<span class="sc">$</span>scatterplot <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">renderPlot</span>({</span>
<span id="cb22-100"><a href="#cb22-100" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">ggplot</span>(<span class="at">data =</span> movies, <span class="fu">aes_string</span>(<span class="at">x =</span> input<span class="sc">$</span>x, <span class="at">y =</span> input<span class="sc">$</span>y, <span class="at">color =</span> input<span class="sc">$</span>z)) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb22-101"><a href="#cb22-101" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">geom_point</span>(<span class="at">alpha =</span> input<span class="sc">$</span>alpha, <span class="at">size =</span> input<span class="sc">$</span>size) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb22-102"><a href="#cb22-102" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">labs</span>(<span class="at">title =</span> <span class="fu">new_plot_title</span>())</span>
<span id="cb22-103"><a href="#cb22-103" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> })</span>
<span id="cb22-104"><a href="#cb22-104" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>}</span>
<span id="cb22-105"><a href="#cb22-105" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb22-106"><a href="#cb22-106" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># Create the Shiny app object --------------------------------------------------</span></span>
<span id="cb22-107"><a href="#cb22-107" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb22-108"><a href="#cb22-108" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">shinyApp</span>(<span class="at">ui =</span> ui, <span class="at">server =</span> server)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</div>
<details>
<summary>
Show solution
</summary>
<p>See the following code chunk for the solution to the exercise above.</p>
<div class="cell" data-layout-align="center">
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb23"><pre class="sourceCode r cell-code code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb23-1"><a href="#cb23-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># Load packages ----------------------------------------------------------------</span></span>
<span id="cb23-2"><a href="#cb23-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb23-3"><a href="#cb23-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(shiny)</span>
<span id="cb23-4"><a href="#cb23-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(ggplot2)</span>
<span id="cb23-5"><a href="#cb23-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(tools)</span>
<span id="cb23-6"><a href="#cb23-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb23-7"><a href="#cb23-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># Load data --------------------------------------------------------------------</span></span>
<span id="cb23-8"><a href="#cb23-8" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb23-9"><a href="#cb23-9" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">load</span>(<span class="st">"movies.RData"</span>)</span>
<span id="cb23-10"><a href="#cb23-10" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb23-11"><a href="#cb23-11" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># Define UI --------------------------------------------------------------------</span></span>
<span id="cb23-12"><a href="#cb23-12" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb23-13"><a href="#cb23-13" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>ui <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">fluidPage</span>(</span>
<span id="cb23-14"><a href="#cb23-14" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">sidebarLayout</span>(</span>
<span id="cb23-15"><a href="#cb23-15" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">sidebarPanel</span>(</span>
<span id="cb23-16"><a href="#cb23-16" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">selectInput</span>(</span>
<span id="cb23-17"><a href="#cb23-17" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">inputId =</span> <span class="st">"y"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb23-18"><a href="#cb23-18" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">label =</span> <span class="st">"Y-axis:"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb23-19"><a href="#cb23-19" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">choices =</span> <span class="fu">c</span>(</span>
<span id="cb23-20"><a href="#cb23-20" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="st">"IMDB rating"</span> <span class="ot">=</span> <span class="st">"imdb_rating"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb23-21"><a href="#cb23-21" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="st">"IMDB number of votes"</span> <span class="ot">=</span> <span class="st">"imdb_num_votes"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb23-22"><a href="#cb23-22" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="st">"Critics Score"</span> <span class="ot">=</span> <span class="st">"critics_score"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb23-23"><a href="#cb23-23" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="st">"Audience Score"</span> <span class="ot">=</span> <span class="st">"audience_score"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb23-24"><a href="#cb23-24" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="st">"Runtime"</span> <span class="ot">=</span> <span class="st">"runtime"</span></span>
<span id="cb23-25"><a href="#cb23-25" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> ),</span>
<span id="cb23-26"><a href="#cb23-26" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">selected =</span> <span class="st">"audience_score"</span></span>
<span id="cb23-27"><a href="#cb23-27" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> ),</span>
<span id="cb23-28"><a href="#cb23-28" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb23-29"><a href="#cb23-29" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">selectInput</span>(</span>
<span id="cb23-30"><a href="#cb23-30" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">inputId =</span> <span class="st">"x"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb23-31"><a href="#cb23-31" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">label =</span> <span class="st">"X-axis:"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb23-32"><a href="#cb23-32" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">choices =</span> <span class="fu">c</span>(</span>
<span id="cb23-33"><a href="#cb23-33" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="st">"IMDB rating"</span> <span class="ot">=</span> <span class="st">"imdb_rating"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb23-34"><a href="#cb23-34" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="st">"IMDB number of votes"</span> <span class="ot">=</span> <span class="st">"imdb_num_votes"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb23-35"><a href="#cb23-35" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="st">"Critics Score"</span> <span class="ot">=</span> <span class="st">"critics_score"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb23-36"><a href="#cb23-36" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="st">"Audience Score"</span> <span class="ot">=</span> <span class="st">"audience_score"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb23-37"><a href="#cb23-37" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="st">"Runtime"</span> <span class="ot">=</span> <span class="st">"runtime"</span></span>
<span id="cb23-38"><a href="#cb23-38" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> ),</span>
<span id="cb23-39"><a href="#cb23-39" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">selected =</span> <span class="st">"critics_score"</span></span>
<span id="cb23-40"><a href="#cb23-40" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> ),</span>
<span id="cb23-41"><a href="#cb23-41" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb23-42"><a href="#cb23-42" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">selectInput</span>(</span>
<span id="cb23-43"><a href="#cb23-43" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">inputId =</span> <span class="st">"z"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb23-44"><a href="#cb23-44" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">label =</span> <span class="st">"Color by:"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb23-45"><a href="#cb23-45" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">choices =</span> <span class="fu">c</span>(</span>
<span id="cb23-46"><a href="#cb23-46" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="st">"Title Type"</span> <span class="ot">=</span> <span class="st">"title_type"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb23-47"><a href="#cb23-47" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="st">"Genre"</span> <span class="ot">=</span> <span class="st">"genre"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb23-48"><a href="#cb23-48" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="st">"MPAA Rating"</span> <span class="ot">=</span> <span class="st">"mpaa_rating"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb23-49"><a href="#cb23-49" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="st">"Critics Rating"</span> <span class="ot">=</span> <span class="st">"critics_rating"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb23-50"><a href="#cb23-50" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="st">"Audience Rating"</span> <span class="ot">=</span> <span class="st">"audience_rating"</span></span>
<span id="cb23-51"><a href="#cb23-51" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> ),</span>
<span id="cb23-52"><a href="#cb23-52" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">selected =</span> <span class="st">"mpaa_rating"</span></span>
<span id="cb23-53"><a href="#cb23-53" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> ),</span>
<span id="cb23-54"><a href="#cb23-54" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb23-55"><a href="#cb23-55" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">sliderInput</span>(</span>
<span id="cb23-56"><a href="#cb23-56" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">inputId =</span> <span class="st">"alpha"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb23-57"><a href="#cb23-57" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">label =</span> <span class="st">"Alpha:"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb23-58"><a href="#cb23-58" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">min =</span> <span class="dv">0</span>, <span class="at">max =</span> <span class="dv">1</span>,</span>
<span id="cb23-59"><a href="#cb23-59" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">value =</span> <span class="fl">0.5</span></span>
<span id="cb23-60"><a href="#cb23-60" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> ),</span>
<span id="cb23-61"><a href="#cb23-61" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb23-62"><a href="#cb23-62" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">sliderInput</span>(</span>
<span id="cb23-63"><a href="#cb23-63" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">inputId =</span> <span class="st">"size"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb23-64"><a href="#cb23-64" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">label =</span> <span class="st">"Size:"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb23-65"><a href="#cb23-65" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">min =</span> <span class="dv">0</span>, <span class="at">max =</span> <span class="dv">5</span>,</span>
<span id="cb23-66"><a href="#cb23-66" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">value =</span> <span class="dv">2</span></span>
<span id="cb23-67"><a href="#cb23-67" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> ),</span>
<span id="cb23-68"><a href="#cb23-68" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb23-69"><a href="#cb23-69" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">textInput</span>(</span>
<span id="cb23-70"><a href="#cb23-70" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">inputId =</span> <span class="st">"plot_title"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb23-71"><a href="#cb23-71" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">label =</span> <span class="st">"Plot title"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb23-72"><a href="#cb23-72" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">placeholder =</span> <span class="st">"Enter text to be used as plot title"</span></span>
<span id="cb23-73"><a href="#cb23-73" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> ),</span>
<span id="cb23-74"><a href="#cb23-74" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb23-75"><a href="#cb23-75" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">actionButton</span>(</span>
<span id="cb23-76"><a href="#cb23-76" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">inputId =</span> <span class="st">"update_plot_title"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb23-77"><a href="#cb23-77" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">label =</span> <span class="st">"Update plot title"</span></span>
<span id="cb23-78"><a href="#cb23-78" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> )</span>
<span id="cb23-79"><a href="#cb23-79" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> ),</span>
<span id="cb23-80"><a href="#cb23-80" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb23-81"><a href="#cb23-81" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">mainPanel</span>(</span>
<span id="cb23-82"><a href="#cb23-82" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> tags<span class="sc">$</span><span class="fu">br</span>(),</span>
<span id="cb23-83"><a href="#cb23-83" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> tags<span class="sc">$</span><span class="fu">p</span>(</span>
<span id="cb23-84"><a href="#cb23-84" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="st">"These data were obtained from"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb23-85"><a href="#cb23-85" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> tags<span class="sc">$</span><span class="fu">a</span>(<span class="st">"IMBD"</span>, <span class="at">href =</span> <span class="st">"http://www.imbd.com/"</span>), <span class="st">"and"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb23-86"><a href="#cb23-86" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> tags<span class="sc">$</span><span class="fu">a</span>(<span class="st">"Rotten Tomatoes"</span>, <span class="at">href =</span> <span class="st">"https://www.rottentomatoes.com/"</span>), <span class="st">"."</span></span>
<span id="cb23-87"><a href="#cb23-87" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> ),</span>
<span id="cb23-88"><a href="#cb23-88" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> tags<span class="sc">$</span><span class="fu">p</span>(<span class="st">"The data represent"</span>, <span class="fu">nrow</span>(movies), <span class="st">"randomly sampled movies released between 1972 to 2014 in the United States."</span>),</span>
<span id="cb23-89"><a href="#cb23-89" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb23-90"><a href="#cb23-90" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">plotOutput</span>(<span class="at">outputId =</span> <span class="st">"scatterplot"</span>)</span>
<span id="cb23-91"><a href="#cb23-91" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> )</span>
<span id="cb23-92"><a href="#cb23-92" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> )</span>
<span id="cb23-93"><a href="#cb23-93" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>)</span>
<span id="cb23-94"><a href="#cb23-94" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb23-95"><a href="#cb23-95" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># Define server ----------------------------------------------------------------</span></span>
<span id="cb23-96"><a href="#cb23-96" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb23-97"><a href="#cb23-97" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>server <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="cf">function</span>(input, output, session) {</span>
<span id="cb23-98"><a href="#cb23-98" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> new_plot_title <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">eventReactive</span>(</span>
<span id="cb23-99"><a href="#cb23-99" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">eventExpr =</span> input<span class="sc">$</span>update_plot_title,</span>
<span id="cb23-100"><a href="#cb23-100" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">valueExpr =</span> {</span>
<span id="cb23-101"><a href="#cb23-101" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">toTitleCase</span>(input<span class="sc">$</span>plot_title)</span>
<span id="cb23-102"><a href="#cb23-102" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> }</span>
<span id="cb23-103"><a href="#cb23-103" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> )</span>
<span id="cb23-104"><a href="#cb23-104" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb23-105"><a href="#cb23-105" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> output<span class="sc">$</span>scatterplot <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">renderPlot</span>({</span>
<span id="cb23-106"><a href="#cb23-106" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">ggplot</span>(<span class="at">data =</span> movies, <span class="fu">aes_string</span>(<span class="at">x =</span> input<span class="sc">$</span>x, <span class="at">y =</span> input<span class="sc">$</span>y, <span class="at">color =</span> input<span class="sc">$</span>z)) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb23-107"><a href="#cb23-107" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">geom_point</span>(<span class="at">alpha =</span> input<span class="sc">$</span>alpha, <span class="at">size =</span> input<span class="sc">$</span>size) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb23-108"><a href="#cb23-108" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">labs</span>(<span class="at">title =</span> <span class="fu">new_plot_title</span>())</span>
<span id="cb23-109"><a href="#cb23-109" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> })</span>
<span id="cb23-110"><a href="#cb23-110" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>}</span>
<span id="cb23-111"><a href="#cb23-111" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb23-112"><a href="#cb23-112" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># Create the Shiny app object --------------------------------------------------</span></span>
<span id="cb23-113"><a href="#cb23-113" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb23-114"><a href="#cb23-114" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">shinyApp</span>(<span class="at">ui =</span> ui, <span class="at">server =</span> server)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</div>
</details>
</section>
</section>
<section id="practice---add-image-with-the-img-tag" class="level3">
<h3 class="anchored" data-anchor-id="practice---add-image-with-the-img-tag">Practice - Add image with the <code>img</code> tag</h3>
<section id="your-turn-1" class="level4">
<h4 class="anchored" data-anchor-id="your-turn-1">Your turn</h4>
<p>Now let’s practice adding an image to a very simple app.</p>
<p>Note that if you’d like to use a local image for with your app, you’ll first have to save the image in a folder <code>www/</code> within your root directory. You’ll see what we mean when you run the demo in the RStudio Cloud Project. Set a height and width for your image as well.</p>
<div class="proj">
<p><em>Navigate to the RStudio Cloud Project titled <strong>4-1b Add image with img tag</strong> in your RStudio Workspace for the demo</em></p>
<p><a href="https://rstudio.cloud/spaces/81721/join?access_code=I4VJaNsKfTqR3Td9hLP7E1nz8%2FtMg6Xbw9Bgqumv" class="btn test-drive"><i class="fa fa-cloud"></i> Go to RStudio Cloud Project</a></p>
</div>
<div class="cell" data-layout-align="center">
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb24"><pre class="sourceCode r cell-code code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb24-1"><a href="#cb24-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># Load packages ----------------------------------------------------------------</span></span>
<span id="cb24-2"><a href="#cb24-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb24-3"><a href="#cb24-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(shiny)</span>
<span id="cb24-4"><a href="#cb24-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb24-5"><a href="#cb24-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb24-6"><a href="#cb24-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># Define UI --------------------------------------------------------------------</span></span>
<span id="cb24-7"><a href="#cb24-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb24-8"><a href="#cb24-8" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>ui <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">fluidPage</span>(</span>
<span id="cb24-9"><a href="#cb24-9" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">titlePanel</span>(<span class="st">"An image"</span>),</span>
<span id="cb24-10"><a href="#cb24-10" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> tags<span class="sc">$</span><span class="fu">img</span>(___),</span>
<span id="cb24-11"><a href="#cb24-11" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>)</span>
<span id="cb24-12"><a href="#cb24-12" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb24-13"><a href="#cb24-13" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># Define server ----------------------------------------------------------------</span></span>
<span id="cb24-14"><a href="#cb24-14" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb24-15"><a href="#cb24-15" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>server <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="cf">function</span>(input, output, session) {}</span>
<span id="cb24-16"><a href="#cb24-16" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb24-17"><a href="#cb24-17" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># Create the Shiny app ---------------------------------------------------------</span></span>
<span id="cb24-18"><a href="#cb24-18" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb24-19"><a href="#cb24-19" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">shinyApp</span>(<span class="at">ui =</span> ui, <span class="at">server =</span> server)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</div>
<details>
<summary>
Show solution
</summary>
<p>See the following code chunk for the solution to the exercise above.</p>
<div class="cell" data-layout-align="center">
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb25"><pre class="sourceCode r cell-code code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb25-1"><a href="#cb25-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># Load packages ----------------------------------------------------------------</span></span>
<span id="cb25-2"><a href="#cb25-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb25-3"><a href="#cb25-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(shiny)</span>
<span id="cb25-4"><a href="#cb25-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb25-5"><a href="#cb25-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb25-6"><a href="#cb25-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># Define UI --------------------------------------------------------------------</span></span>
<span id="cb25-7"><a href="#cb25-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb25-8"><a href="#cb25-8" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>ui <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">fluidPage</span>(</span>
<span id="cb25-9"><a href="#cb25-9" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">titlePanel</span>(<span class="st">"An image"</span>),</span>
<span id="cb25-10"><a href="#cb25-10" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> tags<span class="sc">$</span><span class="fu">img</span>(<span class="at">height =</span> <span class="dv">100</span>, <span class="at">width =</span> <span class="dv">300</span>, <span class="at">src =</span> <span class="st">"roles_implement.png"</span>),</span>
<span id="cb25-11"><a href="#cb25-11" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>)</span>
<span id="cb25-12"><a href="#cb25-12" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb25-13"><a href="#cb25-13" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># Define server ----------------------------------------------------------------</span></span>
<span id="cb25-14"><a href="#cb25-14" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb25-15"><a href="#cb25-15" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>server <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="cf">function</span>(input, output, session) {}</span>
<span id="cb25-16"><a href="#cb25-16" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb25-17"><a href="#cb25-17" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># Create the Shiny app ---------------------------------------------------------</span></span>
<span id="cb25-18"><a href="#cb25-18" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb25-19"><a href="#cb25-19" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">shinyApp</span>(<span class="at">ui =</span> ui, <span class="at">server =</span> server)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</div>
</details>
</section>
</section>
</section>
<section id="layout-panels" class="level2">
<h2 class="anchored" data-anchor-id="layout-panels">4.2 Layout Panels</h2>
<p>In this section we discuss the layout of a Shiny app.</p>
<section id="fluidrow" class="level3">
<h3 class="anchored" data-anchor-id="fluidrow"><code>fluidRow()</code></h3>
<p>One useful function for customizing the layout of your app is <code>fluidRow()</code>. This function creates horizontal rows where objects can be placed.</p>
<p>You can add as many rows as you want, but you want to be careful about expanding your app too much vertically as your users might not be willing to scroll down to interact with your app in full.</p>
<div class="cell" data-layout-align="center">
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb26"><pre class="sourceCode r cell-code code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb26-1"><a href="#cb26-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(shiny)</span>
<span id="cb26-2"><a href="#cb26-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb26-3"><a href="#cb26-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># Define UI with fluid rows</span></span>
<span id="cb26-4"><a href="#cb26-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>ui <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">fluidPage</span>(</span>
<span id="cb26-5"><a href="#cb26-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="st">"Side"</span>, <span class="st">"by"</span>, <span class="st">"side"</span>, <span class="st">"text"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb26-6"><a href="#cb26-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">fluidRow</span>(<span class="st">"Text on row 1"</span>),</span>
<span id="cb26-7"><a href="#cb26-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">fluidRow</span>(<span class="st">"Text on row 2"</span>),</span>
<span id="cb26-8"><a href="#cb26-8" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">fluidRow</span>(<span class="st">"Text on row 3"</span>)</span>
<span id="cb26-9"><a href="#cb26-9" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>)</span>
<span id="cb26-10"><a href="#cb26-10" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb26-11"><a href="#cb26-11" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># Define server function that does nothing</span></span>
<span id="cb26-12"><a href="#cb26-12" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>server <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="cf">function</span>(input, output, session) {}</span>
<span id="cb26-13"><a href="#cb26-13" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb26-14"><a href="#cb26-14" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># Create the app object</span></span>
<span id="cb26-15"><a href="#cb26-15" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">shinyApp</span>(<span class="at">ui =</span> ui, <span class="at">server =</span> server)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</div>
<hr>
<div class="cell" data-layout-align="center">
<div class="cell-output-display">
<div class="container-fluid">
Side
by
side
text
<div class="row">Text on row 1</div>
<div class="row">Text on row 2</div>
<div class="row">Text on row 3</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<hr>
</section>
<section id="column" class="level3">
<h3 class="anchored" data-anchor-id="column"><code>column()</code></h3>
<p>The column function is also incredibly useful. It adds columns within a row, and it requires that you define a width for each column.</p>
<div class="cell" data-layout-align="center">
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb27"><pre class="sourceCode r cell-code code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb27-1"><a href="#cb27-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(shiny)</span>
<span id="cb27-2"><a href="#cb27-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb27-3"><a href="#cb27-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># Define UI with fluid rows and columns</span></span>
<span id="cb27-4"><a href="#cb27-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>ui <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">fluidPage</span>(</span>
<span id="cb27-5"><a href="#cb27-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">fluidRow</span>(</span>
<span id="cb27-6"><a href="#cb27-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">column</span>(<span class="st">"R1, C1, width = 3"</span>, <span class="at">width =</span> <span class="dv">3</span>),</span>
<span id="cb27-7"><a href="#cb27-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">column</span>(<span class="st">"R1, C2, width = 9"</span>, <span class="at">width =</span> <span class="dv">9</span>)</span>
<span id="cb27-8"><a href="#cb27-8" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> ),</span>
<span id="cb27-9"><a href="#cb27-9" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">fluidRow</span>(</span>
<span id="cb27-10"><a href="#cb27-10" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">column</span>(<span class="st">"R2, C1, width = 4"</span>, <span class="at">width =</span> <span class="dv">4</span>),</span>
<span id="cb27-11"><a href="#cb27-11" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">column</span>(<span class="st">"R2, C2, width = 4"</span>, <span class="at">width =</span> <span class="dv">4</span>),</span>
<span id="cb27-12"><a href="#cb27-12" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">column</span>(<span class="st">"R2, C3, width = 4"</span>, <span class="at">width =</span> <span class="dv">4</span>)</span>
<span id="cb27-13"><a href="#cb27-13" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> )</span>
<span id="cb27-14"><a href="#cb27-14" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>)</span>
<span id="cb27-15"><a href="#cb27-15" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb27-16"><a href="#cb27-16" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># Define server function that does nothing</span></span>
<span id="cb27-17"><a href="#cb27-17" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>server <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="cf">function</span>(input, output, session) {}</span>
<span id="cb27-18"><a href="#cb27-18" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb27-19"><a href="#cb27-19" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># Create the app object</span></span>
<span id="cb27-20"><a href="#cb27-20" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">shinyApp</span>(<span class="at">ui =</span> ui, <span class="at">server =</span> server)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</div>
<hr>
<div class="cell" data-layout-align="center">
<div class="cell-output-display">
<div class="container-fluid">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-sm-3">R1, C1, width = 3</div>
<div class="col-sm-9">R1, C2, width = 9</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-sm-4">R2, C1, width = 4</div>
<div class="col-sm-4">R2, C2, width = 4</div>
<div class="col-sm-4">R2, C3, width = 4</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<hr>
</section>
<section id="the-width-is-relative" class="level3">
<h3 class="anchored" data-anchor-id="the-width-is-relative">The width is relative</h3>
<p>The total width of columns within any given row should add up to 12. You can use the columns to place output objects like a plots or summary tables in specific places in your app.</p>
<hr>
<div class="cell" data-layout-align="center">
<div class="cell-output-display">
<div class="container-fluid">
<strong>3 + 9 = 12</strong>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-sm-3">
<div class="well">
R1, C1
<br>
width = 3
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-sm-9">
<div class="well">R1, C2, width = 9</div>
</div>
</div>
<strong>4 + 4 + 4 = 12</strong>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-sm-4">
<div class="well">R2, C1, width = 4</div>
</div>
<div class="col-sm-4">
<div class="well">R2, C2, width = 4</div>
</div>
<div class="col-sm-4">
<div class="well">R2, C3, width = 4</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<hr>
</section>
<section id="panels" class="level3">
<h3 class="anchored" data-anchor-id="panels">Panels</h3>
<p>You can use panels to group multiple elements into a single element that has its own properties.</p>
<p>This is especially important and useful for complex apps with a large number of inputs and outputs such that it might not be clear to the user where to get started.</p>
</section>
<section id="wellpanel" class="level3">
<h3 class="anchored" data-anchor-id="wellpanel"><code>wellPanel()</code></h3>
<p>The <code>wellpanel()</code> function groups elements into a grey well, or a box with rounded corners. This is a look you should be used to seeing in shiny apps by now.</p>
<div class="cell" data-layout-align="center">
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb28"><pre class="sourceCode r cell-code code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb28-1"><a href="#cb28-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(shiny)</span>
<span id="cb28-2"><a href="#cb28-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb28-3"><a href="#cb28-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># Define UI with wellPanels</span></span>
<span id="cb28-4"><a href="#cb28-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>ui <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">fluidPage</span>(</span>
<span id="cb28-5"><a href="#cb28-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">wellPanel</span>( <span class="fu">fluidRow</span>(<span class="st">"Row 1"</span>) ),</span>
<span id="cb28-6"><a href="#cb28-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">wellPanel</span>( <span class="fu">fluidRow</span>(<span class="st">"Row 2"</span>) ),</span>
<span id="cb28-7"><a href="#cb28-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">wellPanel</span>( <span class="fu">fluidRow</span>(<span class="st">"Row 3"</span>) )</span>
<span id="cb28-8"><a href="#cb28-8" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>)</span>
<span id="cb28-9"><a href="#cb28-9" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb28-10"><a href="#cb28-10" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># Define server function that does nothing</span></span>
<span id="cb28-11"><a href="#cb28-11" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>server <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="cf">function</span>(input, output, session) {}</span>
<span id="cb28-12"><a href="#cb28-12" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb28-13"><a href="#cb28-13" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># Create the app object</span></span>
<span id="cb28-14"><a href="#cb28-14" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">shinyApp</span>(<span class="at">ui =</span> ui, <span class="at">server =</span> server)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</div>
<hr>
<div class="cell" data-layout-align="center">
<div class="cell-output-display">
<div class="container-fluid">
<div class="well">
<div class="row">Row 1</div>
</div>
<div class="well">
<div class="row">Row 2</div>
</div>
<div class="well">
<div class="row">Row 3</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<hr>
</section>
<section id="panels-1" class="level3">
<h3 class="anchored" data-anchor-id="panels-1">Panels</h3>
<p>Shiny offers 12 different panels, but we’ll take a look at a small subset of them in this section, and then you’ll get to work with a few others in the exercises that follow.</p>
<div class="cell" data-layout-align="center">
</div>
</section>
<section id="sidebarpanel-and-mainpanel" class="level3">
<h3 class="anchored" data-anchor-id="sidebarpanel-and-mainpanel"><code>sidebarPanel()</code> and <code>mainPanel()</code></h3>
<p>We have made heavy use of <code>sidebarPanel()</code> and <code>mainPanel()</code> in our apps in this course. However we mostly stuck with their default widths.</p>
<p>The default width for a <code>sidebarPanel()</code> is 4 and for a <code>mainPanel()</code> is 8.</p>
<div class="cell" data-layout-align="center">
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb29"><pre class="sourceCode r cell-code code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb29-1"><a href="#cb29-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(shiny)</span>
<span id="cb29-2"><a href="#cb29-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb29-3"><a href="#cb29-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># Define UI with default width sidebar</span></span>
<span id="cb29-4"><a href="#cb29-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>ui <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">fluidPage</span>(</span>
<span id="cb29-5"><a href="#cb29-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">sidebarLayout</span>(</span>
<span id="cb29-6"><a href="#cb29-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">sidebarPanel</span>(</span>
<span id="cb29-7"><a href="#cb29-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">strong</span>(<span class="st">"Sidebar"</span>),</span>
<span id="cb29-8"><a href="#cb29-8" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="st">"Usually inputs go here, width = 4 by default"</span></span>
<span id="cb29-9"><a href="#cb29-9" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> ),</span>
<span id="cb29-10"><a href="#cb29-10" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">mainPanel</span>(</span>
<span id="cb29-11"><a href="#cb29-11" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">strong</span>(<span class="st">"Main panel"</span>),</span>
<span id="cb29-12"><a href="#cb29-12" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="st">"Usually outputs go here, width = 8 by default"</span></span>
<span id="cb29-13"><a href="#cb29-13" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> )</span>
<span id="cb29-14"><a href="#cb29-14" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> )</span>
<span id="cb29-15"><a href="#cb29-15" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>)</span>
<span id="cb29-16"><a href="#cb29-16" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb29-17"><a href="#cb29-17" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>server <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="cf">function</span>(input, output, session) {}</span>
<span id="cb29-18"><a href="#cb29-18" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb29-19"><a href="#cb29-19" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">shinyApp</span>(<span class="at">ui =</span> ui, <span class="at">server =</span> server)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</div>
<hr>
<div class="cell" data-layout-align="center">
<div class="cell-output-display">
<div class="container-fluid">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-sm-4">
<form class="well" role="complementary">
<strong>Sidebar</strong>
Usually inputs go here, width = 4 by default
</form>
</div>
<div class="col-sm-8" role="main">
<strong>Main panel</strong>
Usually outputs go here, width = 8 by default
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<hr>
</section>
<section id="section-2" class="level3">
<h3 class="anchored" data-anchor-id="section-2"></h3>
<p>If you wanted to make an app where the <code>sidebar</code> and <code>mainPanel</code> are of equal width, so the app is split down the middle, you can specify a width argument to the <code>sidebarPanel()</code> and <code>mainPanel()</code> functions and set each to 6.</p>
<div class="cell" data-layout-align="center">
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb30"><pre class="sourceCode r cell-code code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb30-1"><a href="#cb30-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(shiny)</span>
<span id="cb30-2"><a href="#cb30-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb30-3"><a href="#cb30-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># Define UI with default width sidebar</span></span>
<span id="cb30-4"><a href="#cb30-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">fluidPage</span>(</span>
<span id="cb30-5"><a href="#cb30-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">sidebarLayout</span>(</span>
<span id="cb30-6"><a href="#cb30-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">sidebarPanel</span>(<span class="st">"Sidebar with width = 6"</span>, <span class="at">width =</span> <span class="dv">6</span>),</span>
<span id="cb30-7"><a href="#cb30-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">mainPanel</span>(<span class="st">"Main panel with width = 6"</span>, <span class="at">width =</span> <span class="dv">6</span>)</span>
<span id="cb30-8"><a href="#cb30-8" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> )</span>
<span id="cb30-9"><a href="#cb30-9" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>)</span>
<span id="cb30-10"><a href="#cb30-10" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb30-11"><a href="#cb30-11" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>server <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="cf">function</span>(input, output, session) {}</span>
<span id="cb30-12"><a href="#cb30-12" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb30-13"><a href="#cb30-13" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">shinyApp</span>(<span class="at">ui =</span> ui, <span class="at">server =</span> server)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</div>
<hr>
<div class="cell" data-layout-align="center">
<div class="cell-output-display">
<div class="container-fluid">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-sm-6">
<form class="well" role="complementary">Sidebar with width = 6</form>
</div>
<div class="col-sm-6" role="main">Main panel with width = 6</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<hr>
</section>
<section id="titlepanel" class="level3">
<h3 class="anchored"><code>titlePanel()</code></h3>
<p>The <code>titlePanel()</code> is used to create a panel containing an application title. Often it makes sense to include this panel outside the <code>sidebarLayout()</code>. But in addition to the title on the page, youmight want to also change the text that shows up on the browser tab for our app, especially if our title is long.</p>
<div class="cell" data-layout-align="center">
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb31"><pre class="sourceCode r cell-code code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb31-1"><a href="#cb31-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(shiny)</span>
<span id="cb31-2"><a href="#cb31-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb31-3"><a href="#cb31-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># Define UI with title panel</span></span>
<span id="cb31-4"><a href="#cb31-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>ui <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">fluidPage</span>(</span>
<span id="cb31-5"><a href="#cb31-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">titlePanel</span>(<span class="st">"My awesome app"</span>),</span>
<span id="cb31-6"><a href="#cb31-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">sidebarLayout</span>(</span>
<span id="cb31-7"><a href="#cb31-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">sidebarPanel</span>(<span class="st">"Some inputs"</span>),</span>
<span id="cb31-8"><a href="#cb31-8" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">mainPanel</span>(<span class="st">"Some outputs"</span>)</span>
<span id="cb31-9"><a href="#cb31-9" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> )</span>
<span id="cb31-10"><a href="#cb31-10" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>)</span>
<span id="cb31-11"><a href="#cb31-11" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb31-12"><a href="#cb31-12" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>server <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="cf">function</span>(input, output, session) {}</span>
<span id="cb31-13"><a href="#cb31-13" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb31-14"><a href="#cb31-14" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">shinyApp</span>(<span class="at">ui =</span> ui, <span class="at">server =</span> server)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</div>
<hr>
<div class="cell" data-layout-align="center">
<div class="cell-output-display">
<div class="container-fluid">
<h2 class="anchored" data-anchor-id="titlepanel">My awesome app</h2>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-sm-4">
<form class="well" role="complementary">Some inputs</form>
</div>
<div class="col-sm-8" role="main">Some outputs</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<hr>
</section>
<section id="titlepanel-with-windowtitle" class="level3">
<h3 class="anchored"><code>titlePanel()</code> with <code>windowTitle</code></h3>
<p>To customize this text you specify the <code>windowTitle</code> argument in the <code>titlePanel()</code>, which is by default equal to the application title. For example, your application title might be “Movie browser, 1970 to 2014”, but you might just want to make your window title “Movies”.</p>
<div class="cell" data-layout-align="center">
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb32"><pre class="sourceCode r cell-code code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb32-1"><a href="#cb32-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(shiny)</span>
<span id="cb32-2"><a href="#cb32-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb32-3"><a href="#cb32-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># Define UI with title panel and window title</span></span>
<span id="cb32-4"><a href="#cb32-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>ui <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">fluidPage</span>(</span>
<span id="cb32-5"><a href="#cb32-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">titlePanel</span>(<span class="st">"Movie browser, 1970 to 2014"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb32-6"><a href="#cb32-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">windowTitle =</span> <span class="st">"Movies"</span>),</span>
<span id="cb32-7"><a href="#cb32-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">sidebarLayout</span>(</span>
<span id="cb32-8"><a href="#cb32-8" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">sidebarPanel</span>(<span class="st">"Some inputs"</span>),</span>
<span id="cb32-9"><a href="#cb32-9" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">mainPanel</span>(<span class="st">"Some outputs"</span>)</span>
<span id="cb32-10"><a href="#cb32-10" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> )</span>
<span id="cb32-11"><a href="#cb32-11" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>)</span>
<span id="cb32-12"><a href="#cb32-12" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>server <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="cf">function</span>(input, output, session) {}</span>
<span id="cb32-13"><a href="#cb32-13" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb32-14"><a href="#cb32-14" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">shinyApp</span>(<span class="at">ui =</span> ui, <span class="at">server =</span> server)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</div>
<hr>
<div class="cell" data-layout-align="center">
<div class="cell-output-display">
<div class="container-fluid">
<h2 class="anchored" data-anchor-id="titlepanel-with-windowtitle">Movie browser, 1970 to 2014</h2>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-sm-4">
<form class="well" role="complementary">Some inputs</form>
</div>
<div class="col-sm-8" role="main">Some outputs</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>